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National Archives and Records Administration

The National Archives and Records Administration (NARA) is an independent agency of the United States government within the executive branch,[4] charged with the preservation and documentation of government and historical records. It is also tasked with increasing public access to those documents that make up the National Archives.[5] NARA is officially responsible for maintaining and publishing the legally authentic and authoritative copies of acts of Congress, presidential directives, and federal regulations. NARA also transmits votes of the Electoral College to Congress.[6] It also examines Electoral College and constitutional amendment ratification documents for prima facie legal sufficiency and an authenticating signature.[7]

National Archives and Records Administration
NARA
Official seal
National Archives logo, a stone eagle inspired by the architecture of the National Archives Building in Washington, D.C.[1]
Agency overview
FormedJune 19, 1934; 89 years ago (1934-06-19)
(Independent Agency April 1, 1985)[2]
Preceding agency
  • National Archives and Records Service (GSA)
TypeIndependent
JurisdictionU.S. Federal Government
HeadquartersNational Archives Building
700 Pennsylvania Avenue NW, Washington, D.C., U.S.
38°53′33.6″N 77°01′22.6″W / 38.892667°N 77.022944°W / 38.892667; -77.022944
MottoLittera scripta manet
(Latin for "the written word remains")
Employees2,848 (FY 2021)[3]
Annual budget$397 million (FY 2021)[3]
Agency executives
Child agency
Websitewww.archives.gov

The National Archives, and its publicly exhibited Charters of Freedom, which include the original United States Declaration of Independence, United States Constitution, United States Bill of Rights, and many other historical documents, is headquartered in the National Archives Building in Washington, D.C.

Organization edit

The mission of the National Archives is:

We drive openness, cultivate public participation, and strengthen our nation's democracy through equitable public access to high-value government records.

The work of the National Archives is dedicated to two main functions: public engagement and federal records and information management. The National Archives administers 15 Presidential Libraries and Museums, a museum in Washington, D.C. that displays the Charters of Freedom, and 15 research facilities across the country.[8] The agency's online catalog makes available over 160 million records ranging from before the start of the republic to the modern government. However, the digitized records represent only a small fraction of the over 13 billion pages in the holdings of the National Archives.[9]

The National Archives governs federal records and information policy for the executive branch and preserves and makes available the records of the judicial and legislative branches. Agencies in the executive branch are required by the Federal Records Act to follow approved records schedules. All records maintained by the executive branch must be properly identified by NARA and authorized for eventual destruction or appraised to be of permanent historical or legal value to be preserved and made available to the public. Only 2 to 3 percent of records created by the federal government are deemed to be of permanent value. The Presidential Records Act mandates that all records created by the Executive Office of the President are to be preserved and transferred to the National Archives at the end of a president's administration.[10][3][11]

The Archivist of the United States is the chief official overseeing the operation of the National Archives and Records Administration. The Archivist not only maintains the official documentation of the passage of amendments to the U.S. Constitution by state legislatures, but has the authority to declare when the constitutional threshold for passage has been reached, and therefore when an act has become an amendment.

The Office of the Federal Register publishes the Federal Register, Code of Federal Regulations, and United States Statutes at Large, among others. It also administers the Electoral College.

The National Historical Publications and Records Commission (NHPRC)—the agency's grant-making arm—awards funds to state and local governments, public and private archives, colleges and universities, and other nonprofit organizations to preserve and publish historical records. Since 1964, the NHPRC has awarded some 4,500 grants.

The Office of Government Information Services (OGIS) is a Freedom of Information Act (FOIA) resource for the public and the government. Congress has charged NARA with reviewing FOIA policies, procedures, and compliance of federal agencies and to recommend changes to FOIA. NARA's mission also includes resolving FOIA disputes between federal agencies and requesters.

History edit

 
The Rotunda of the National Archives Building, where the Charters of Freedom documents are publicly exhibited

Originally, each branch and agency of the U.S. government was responsible for maintaining its own documents, which often resulted in the loss and destruction of records. Congress created the National Archives Establishment in 1934 to centralize federal record-keeping, with the Archivist of the United States serving as chief administrator. R. D. W. Connor was chosen to be the first leader of the organization.[12]

After a recommendation by the first Hoover Commission in 1949, the National Archives was placed within the newly formed General Services Administration (GSA). NARA was officially given its independence from the GSA with the passing of the Records Administration Act of 1984, thus giving birth to the institution that exists today.[13]

In December 1978, millions of feet of newsreels were destroyed in a fire at an offsite location in Suitland, Maryland.[14] The reels, made of exceptionally flammable nitrate material, had been donated previously by Universal Pictures and were stored in special vaults intended to protect against fires. In total over 12.6 million feet of film was destroyed.[14]

In March 2006, it was revealed by the Archivist of the United States in a public hearing that a memorandum of understanding between NARA and various government agencies existed to "reclassify", i.e., withdraw from public access, certain documents in the name of national security, and to do so in a manner such that researchers would not be likely to discover the process (the U.S. reclassification program).[15] An audit indicated that more than one third withdrawn since 1999 did not contain sensitive information.[16] The program was originally scheduled to end in 2007.

In 2008 the NARA announced that they would not be archiving government websites during transition, after carrying out such crawls in 2000 and 2004. The End of Term Web Archive was established in response to this.[17][18]

In 2010, Executive Order 13526 created the National Declassification Center[19] to coordinate declassification practices across agencies, provide secure document services to other agencies, and review records in NARA custody for declassification.

A 2022 report by the National Security Archive revealed that the National Archives budget (when adjusted for inflation) has not increased since 1991 despite the exponential growth of electronic records created by the federal government.[20]

Trump administration edit

Under the Trump administration, the National Archives had significant difficulty maintaining historical records as the President would often rip, flush, and otherwise discard records,[21][22][23] which would then have to be reconstructed and reclaimed by White House and NARA archivists. Additionally, according to multiple former staff the President would ask to keep certain records that otherwise would be returned.[24][25]

As part of its role in receiving and authenticating Electoral College votes, the agency intercepted and rejected forged certificates of ascertainment from Trump allies in seven states who were strategizing to overturn the 2020 presidential election.[26][27]

Upon leaving office in 2021, Donald Trump delayed providing material to the National Archives in accordance with the Presidential Records Act. In February 2022, U.S. Attorney General Merrick Garland announced that the National Archives had notified the Justice Department that it found classified documents within boxes provided to them from the former-president Donald Trump's residence at Mar-a-Lago.[28] After further investigation, the Federal Bureau of Investigation executed a warrant for a search of the residence in August 2022.[29][30]

List of Archivists edit

Records edit

NARA's holdings are classed into "record groups" reflecting the governmental department or agency from which they originated.[31] Records include paper documents, microfilm, still pictures, motion pictures, and electronic media.

Archival descriptions of the permanent holdings of the federal government in the custody of NARA are stored in the National Archives Catalog.[32] The archival descriptions include information on traditional paper holdings, electronic records, and artifacts.[33] As of December 2012, the catalog consisted of about 10 billion logical data records describing 527,000 artifacts and encompassing 81% of NARA's records.[34] There are also 922,000 digital copies of already digitized materials.[34]

Most records at NARA are in the public domain, as works of the federal government are excluded from copyright protection. However, records from other sources may still be protected by copyright or donor agreements.[35] Executive Order 13526 directs originating agencies to declassify documents if possible before shipment to NARA for long-term storage,[36] but NARA also stores some classified documents until they can be declassified. Its Information Security Oversight Office monitors and sets policy for the U.S. government's security classification system.

Genealogical requests edit

 
1930 Census Record from Naval Station Great Lakes, Lake County, Illinois.

Most people who access records at NARA are genealogists or family historians.[37] While many records are available online through the National Archives Catalog, individuals can also request paper copies and microfilm scans. When applicable, the catalog will indicate a document's physical location in a National Archives facility.

Census records are among the most frequently requested at NARA, with the oldest entries from 1790.[38] These records often contain information such as addresses and names of family members. However, all pieces of personal data are restricted for 72 years after collection; prior to then, federal agencies can only access statistical data.[39] The newest unrestricted census is from 1950 and was released to the general public in April 2022. The subsequent census from 1960 will be released in April 2032.

NARA has also collaborated with Ancestry.com, Fold3.com, and Familysearch.org to scan microfilms and documents of genealogical interest.[40] These digitization partners have expanded the number of genealogical sources on their respective websites, such as ship passenger lists and military records. NARA will eventually offer free access to all digitized sources through the National Archives Catalog.[41] However, many file collections are not available for public viewing either through NARA or affiliate websites. This includes naturalization records and vital records that reveal extensive personal data. Depending on a requestor's verifiable relation to a subject of interest, restricted files may be obtainable under the Freedom of Information Act (FOIA).[42]

Since 2005, NARA has held annual Genealogy Fairs with guest speakers and research workshops.[43] These events are free of charge and are designed for interested individuals of any skill level. Materials from past Genealogy Fairs are available on the National Archives website.

Founders Online edit

In 2010, the Archives, in a cooperative agreement with the University of Virginia Press, created Founders Online, a website for providing free public access to the papers and letters of seven of the nation's most influential founders: John Adams, Benjamin Franklin, Alexander Hamilton, John Jay, Thomas Jefferson, James Madison, and George Washington.[44][45] Launched three years later, in 2013, the website currently provides access to a database of 185,000 digitized documents that have been annotated through founding fathers papers projects at five university presses over the past 50 years.[46] In addition to the University of Virginia's, the presses include those at Columbia, Harvard, Princeton, and Yale.[47]

Archival Recovery Team edit

In 2006, the NARA's Office of the Inspector General created the Archival Recovery Team to investigate thefts and recover records stolen from the archive's collections.[48] Responsibility for non-law enforcement recovery activities has since been transferred to the NARA Office of the Chief Operating Officer.[49]

Facilities and exhibition spaces edit

 
The National Archives Building from Constitution Avenue

The most well-known facility of the National Archives and Records Administration is the National Archives Building (informally known as "Archives I"), located north of the National Mall on Constitution Avenue in Washington, D.C. A sister facility, known as the National Archives at College Park ("Archives II") was opened in 1994 near the University of Maryland, College Park. The Washington National Records Center (WNRC), also located in the Washington, D.C., metropolitan area, is a large warehouse facility where federal records that are still under the control of the creating agency are stored. Federal government agencies pay a yearly fee for storage at the facility. In accordance with federal records schedules, documents at WNRC are transferred to the legal custody of the National Archives after a certain time; this usually involves a relocation of the records to College Park. Temporary records at WNRC are either retained for a fee or destroyed after retention times have elapsed. WNRC also offers research services and maintains a small research room.

Across the United States, the National Archives maintains both research facilities and additional federal records centers (FRCs). In many cases, the research rooms of regional archives are located at the same site as the federal records center, which is inaccessible to the public.

In April 2019 an unknown person set fire to an exterior wall of the archives building using a homemade incendiary device before firefighters were able to extinguish the flames.[50]

Public–private partnerships edit

In an effort to make its holdings more widely available and more easily accessible, the National Archives began entering into public–private partnerships in 2006. A joint venture with Google will digitize and offer NARA video online. When announcing the agreement, Archivist Allen Weinstein said that this pilot program is

... an important step for the National Archives to achieve its goal of becoming an archive without walls. Our new strategic plan emphasizes the importance of providing access to records anytime, anywhere. This is one of many initiatives that we are launching to make our goal a reality. For the first time, the public will be able to view this collection of rare and unusual films on the Internet.[51]

On January 10, 2007, the National Archives and Fold3.com (formerly Footnote)[52] launched a pilot project to digitize historic documents from the National Archives holdings. Allen Weinstein explained that this partnership would "allow much greater access to approximately 4.5 million pages of important documents that are currently available only in their original format or on microfilm" and "would also enhance NARA's efforts to preserve its original records."[53]

In July 2007, the National Archives announced it would make copies of its collection of Universal Newsreels from 1929 to 1967 available for purchase through CreateSpace, an Amazon.com subsidiary. During the announcement, Weinstein noted that the agreement would "... reap major benefits for the public-at-large and for the National Archives." Adding, "While the public can come to our College Park, Maryland, research room to view films and even copy them at no charge, this new program will make our holdings much more accessible to millions of people who cannot travel to the Washington, D.C. area." The agreement also calls for CreateSpace partnership to provide the National Archives with digital reference and preservation copies of the films as part of NARA's preservation program.[54]

Social media edit

The National Archives currently utilizes social media and Web 2.0 technologies in an attempt to communicate better with the public.[55]

On June 18, 2009, the National Archives announced the launching of a YouTube channel "to showcase popular archived films, inform the public about upcoming events around the country, and bring National Archives exhibits to the people."[56] Also in 2009, the National Archives launched a Flickr photostream to share portions of its photographic holdings with the general public.[57] A new teaching-with-documents Web site premiered in 2010 and was developed by the education team. The site[58] features 3,000 documents, images, and recordings from the holdings of the Archives. It also features lesson plans and tools for creating new classroom activities and lessons.

In 2011, the National Archives initiated a WikiProject on the English Wikipedia to expand collaboration in making its holdings widely available through Wikimedia.

Controversies edit

In December 2019, the National Archives approved record schedules for federal records created by U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE) which documented detainee sexual abuse and assault, death review files, detention monitoring reports, detainee escape reports, detainee segregation files, and Detention Information Reporting Line records. The schedules permitted ICE to destroy the records when they were no longer needed for business use.[59] The schedules were approved without changes despite public outcry when they were first proposed in the Federal Register.[60] A lawsuit was brought against the National Archives by several plaintiffs, Citizens for Responsibility and Ethics in Washington, the American Historical Association, and the Society for Historians of American Foreign Relations. In March 2021, a federal judge for the District Court for the District of Columbia ruled against the National Archives that the records must be preserved stating, "NARA's approval of the schedule was arbitrary and capricious on the grounds that NARA failed to evaluate the research value of the ICE records and that NARA failed to address significant and relevant public comments."[61][62]

In January 2020, a Washington Post reporter noticed blurred protest signs in an image of the 2017 Women's March at the Archives' public exhibit. Some of the edited signs contained potentially offensive language, and some mentioned president Donald Trump. Besides censoring language, the changes altered the meaning of some protest signs. The agency defended the edits and said they were made "so as not to engage in current political controversy", but admitted it "made a mistake ... we were wrong to alter the image."[63][64][65]

Notable thefts edit

  • In 1963, Robert Bradford Murphy and his wife, Elizabeth Irene Murphy were arrested and sentenced to ten years in prison for stealing documents from several federal depositories, including the National Archives.[66]
  • In 1987, Charles Merrill Mount was arrested and sentenced to five years in prison for stealing 400 documents from the National Archives.[67]
  • In 2002, Shawn Aubitz pleaded guilty to stealing dozens of documents and photographs from the National Archives during the 1990s.[68]
  • In 2005, Sandy Berger was charged with an unauthorized removal of documents from the National Archives; sentenced to 100 hours of community service and fined $50,000.
  • In 2005, Howard Harner was sentenced to two years in prison and fined $10,000 after stealing 100 documents from the National Archives.[69]
  • In 2006, Denning McTague was sentenced to 15 months in prison and fined $3,000 after stealing 164 documents from the National Archives.[70]
  • In 2011, Leslie Waffen was sentenced to 18 months in prison after stealing 955 recordings from the National Archives.[71]
  • In 2011, Thomas Lowry was permanently banned from the National Archives after he confessed to altering the date on a presidential pardon signed by Abraham Lincoln.[72]
  • In 2011, Barry Landau and Jason Savedoff were arrested and sentenced to seven-and-a-half years in prison for stealing ten thousand documents from the National Archives.[73][74]
  • In 2018, Antonin DeHays was arrested for multiple thefts of military artifacts and records from the National Archives during the mid to late 2010s.[75][76]

See also edit

References edit

  1. ^ "Celebrate July 4 with New Logo and 1st Ever Parade Float!". National Archives and Records Administration. June 30, 2010.
  2. ^ "Archival Milestones". National Archives and Records Administration. Retrieved March 31, 2011.
  3. ^ a b c "FY 2022 Congressional Justification" (PDF). National Archives and Records Administration. May 28, 2021. Retrieved May 8, 2022.
  4. ^ Stephanie (April 18, 2013). "What's the difference between the National Archives and the Library of Congress?". Education Updates. Retrieved August 12, 2022.
  5. ^ Mengel, David (May 2007). "Access to United States Government Records at the U.S. National Archives and Records Administration" (PDF). Society of American Archivists.
  6. ^ "Elections and the Electoral College". National Archives. March 15, 2017. Retrieved April 22, 2019.
  7. ^ "The Constitutional Amendment Process". Archives.gov. National Archives and Records Administration. Retrieved July 27, 2014.
  8. ^ "Locations". National Archives. Retrieved May 8, 2022.
  9. ^ "Record Group Explorer". National Archives. Retrieved May 8, 2022.
  10. ^ "National Archives Frequently Asked Questions". National Archives. August 15, 2016. Retrieved May 8, 2022.
  11. ^ "Presidential Records Act (PRA) of 1978". National Archives. August 15, 2016. Retrieved May 8, 2022.
  12. ^ Quigley, Sarah (2007). "Cultural Record Keepers". Libraries & the Cultural Record. 42: 81. doi:10.1353/lac.2007.0017. S2CID 161988764.
  13. ^ Bradsher, G (2015). "National Archives Independence 30 Years Ago". Federalist (Society for History in the Federal Government). 45: 4–5 – via EBSCOHost.
  14. ^ a b Daley, Jason. "Forty Years Ago, 12.6 Million Feet of History Went Up in Smoke". Smithsonian. Retrieved May 3, 2019.
  15. ^ "Secret Agreement Reveals Covert Program to Hide Reclassification from Public". National Security Archive. April 11, 2006. Retrieved March 31, 2011.
  16. ^ Scott Shane (April 27, 2006). "National Archives Says Records Were Wrongly Classified". The New York Times.
  17. ^ Webster, Peter (2017). Brügger, Niels (ed.). . Web 25. Histories from 25 Years of the World Wide Web: 179–190. doi:10.3726/b11492. hdl:2318/1770557. ISBN 9781433140655. Archived from the original on October 21, 2020.
  18. ^ "National Archives". Congressional & Federal Government Web Harvests. Archived from the original on September 18, 2017. Retrieved January 18, 2021.
  19. ^ "National Archives and Declassification". Archives.gov. October 19, 2011. Retrieved April 29, 2013.
  20. ^ "U.S. National Archives' (NARA) Budget: The 30-Year Flatline | National Security Archive". nsarchive.gwu.edu. Retrieved May 8, 2022.
  21. ^ "'He never stopped ripping things up': Inside Trump's relentless document destruction habits". Washington Post. ISSN 0190-8286. Retrieved January 24, 2023.
  22. ^ Broadwater, Luke (February 12, 2022). "Trump Flouted Presidential Records Law. Will He Face Consequences?". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved January 24, 2023.
  23. ^ Price, Jessica Taylor (August 11, 2022). "Trump's documents are way more than just evidence. They are property of the people". Northeastern Global News. Retrieved January 24, 2023.
  24. ^ Karni, Annie (June 10, 2018). "Meet the guys who tape Trump's papers back together". Politico. Retrieved August 13, 2022.
  25. ^ Tangalakis-Lippert, Katherine (August 13, 2022). "Though Trump had a reputation for avoiding briefings and flushing meeting notes, he would ask officials for documents: 'Can I keep this?'". Business Insider. Retrieved August 13, 2022.
  26. ^ Zachary Cohen and Marshall Cohen (January 12, 2022). "Trump allies' fake Electoral College certificates offer fresh insights about plot to overturn Biden's victory". CNN. Retrieved January 15, 2022.
  27. ^ Wu, Nicholas (January 10, 2022). "Jan. 6 panel ramps up investigation into Trump's state-level pressure". POLITICO. Retrieved January 15, 2022.
  28. ^ Broadwater, Luke; Schmidt, Michael (February 18, 2022). "Material Recovered From Trump by Archives Included Classified Information". The New York Times. Retrieved August 13, 2022.
  29. ^ Haberman, Maggie; Schmidt, Michael (August 8, 2022). "From the archives: A look at the inquiry that led to the F.B.I. search of Trump's Florida home". The New York Times. Retrieved August 8, 2022.
  30. ^ Politi, James; Weaver, Courtney (August 9, 2022). "Donald Trump says FBI agents have raided his Mar-a-Lago residence". Financial Times. Archived from the original on December 10, 2022. Retrieved August 9, 2022.
  31. ^ "Record Group Concept". National Archives. August 15, 2016. Retrieved September 16, 2020.
  32. ^ NARA. "The National Archives Catalog". Retrieved May 6, 2016.
  33. ^ NARA. "Open Government at the National Archives". Retrieved December 13, 2012.
  34. ^ a b NARA. "About Archival Research Catalog (ARC)". Retrieved December 13, 2012.
  35. ^ Section 3.2 (d)
  36. ^ "Why Visit the National Archives?". National Archives. September 19, 2016. Retrieved September 25, 2020.
  37. ^ Dennis Szucs, Loretto; Hargreaves Luebking, Sandra, eds. (2006). The Source: A Guidebook to American Genealogy. Ancestry Publishing. p. 756. ISBN 1593312776.
  38. ^ Heimlich, Russell (April 9, 2012). "The '72-Year Rule' Governs Release of Census Records". Pew Research Center. Retrieved September 25, 2020.
  39. ^ Johnson, Melissa (February 1, 2016). "A Primer on United States Naturalization Records". NGS Monthly: National Genealogical Society. Retrieved September 25, 2020.
  40. ^ "Microfilm Publications and Original Records Digitized by Our Digitization Partners". National Archives. August 15, 2016. Retrieved September 25, 2020.
  41. ^ Trent, Sydney (December 9, 2019). "The genealogy boom has hit a roadblock. The Trump administration plans huge fee hikes for immigration records". The Washington Post. Retrieved September 25, 2020.
  42. ^ "National Archives Virtual Genealogy Fair". National Archives. March 19, 2020. Retrieved September 25, 2020.
  43. ^ Eckert, Ellen (February 10, 2015). "Founders Online Review" (PDF). archivists.org. Society of American Archivists. Retrieved January 31, 2022.
  44. ^ "Founders Online News: Papers of John Jay added to Founders Online". archives.gov. Founders Online, National Archives and Records Administration. September 15, 2020. Retrieved March 8, 2022.
  45. ^ Donohue, Keith (June 13, 2013). "The Papers of the Founding Fathers Are Now Online". obamawhitehouse.archives.gov. White House. Retrieved January 31, 2022.
  46. ^ "Founders Online". upress.virginia.edu. University of Virginia Press. Retrieved January 31, 2022.
  47. ^ Faye Fiore (August 8, 2010). "Guardians of the nation's attic". Los Angeles Times.
  48. ^ "About the Archival Recovery Program". National Archives. November 10, 2016. Retrieved April 29, 2019.
  49. ^ Katz, Brigit. "Authorities Are Looking for the Suspect Who Started a Fire at the National Archives". Smithsonian. Retrieved May 3, 2019.
  50. ^ (Press release). archives.gov. February 24, 2006. Archived from the original on May 21, 2011. Retrieved March 31, 2011.
  51. ^ "footnote.com". footnote.com. Retrieved November 23, 2011.
  52. ^ "National Archives and Footnote Launch Project to Digitize Historic Documents" (Press release). archives.gov. January 10, 2007. Retrieved March 31, 2011.
  53. ^ "Thousands of National Archives Films to Be Made Available Through CustomFlix Labs" (Press release). archives.gov. July 27, 2007. Retrieved March 31, 2011.
  54. ^ "Social Media and Web 2.0 at the National Archives". Retrieved March 31, 2011.
  55. ^ "National Archives Launches YouTube Channel" (Press release). archives.gov. June 18, 2009. Retrieved March 31, 2011.
  56. ^ "National Archives Photos on Flickr: FAQs". Retrieved March 31, 2011.
  57. ^ "DocsTeach". from the original on December 1, 2023.
  58. ^ Perrett, Connor (March 13, 2021). "The National Archives can't allow ICE to destroy records about sexual assault and detainee deaths, a federal judge ruled". Business Insider. Retrieved April 11, 2021.
  59. ^ Peet, Lisa (September 9, 2018). "NARA Responds to Controversial ICE Records Destruction Request". The Library Journal. Retrieved April 19, 2019.
  60. ^ Keller, Aaron (March 12, 2021). "Judge Blocks ICE, Records Administration from Destroying Records of Sex Abuse, Detainee Deaths". Law & Crime. Retrieved April 11, 2021.
  61. ^ "Citizens for Responsibility & Ethics v. Nat'l Archives & Records Admin., Case No. 20-cv-00739 (APM)". Casetext. Retrieved April 11, 2021.
  62. ^ Acevedo, Nicole (January 18, 2020). "Blurring 'Trump,' other words in Women's March photo was mistake, National Archives says". NBC News. Retrieved January 21, 2020.
  63. ^ "The National Archives used to stand for independence; that mission has been compromised". SFChronicle.com. January 19, 2020. Retrieved January 21, 2020.
  64. ^ "National Archives Doctored Photos of 2017 Women's March to Blur Messages Critical of Trump". Democracy Now!. January 21, 2020. Retrieved January 21, 2020.
  65. ^ United States of America, Plaintiff-appellee, v. Robert Bradford Murphy, A/k/a Samuel George Matz, and Elizabeth Irene Murphy, aka Elizabeth Irene Matz, Defendants and Appellants, 413 F.2d 1129 (6th Cir. 1969)
  66. ^ Churchville, V., & Saperstein, S. (1987, August 16). "The fall from grace of an artist, author". The Washington Post.
  67. ^ "Man Admits Theft From U.S. Archives". Los Angeles Times. March 14, 2002. ISSN 0458-3035. Retrieved April 19, 2019.
  68. ^ Carol D. Leonnig. Archives Thief Gets Two Years, The Washington Post, May 27, 2005.
  69. ^ Eve Conant. "To Catch a Thief at the National Archives", Newsweek, May 4, 2007.
  70. ^ Erica W. Morrison. "Leslie Waffen, ex-Archives worker, sentenced for stealing, selling recordings", The Washington Post, May 3, 2012
  71. ^ "National Archives Discovers Date Change on Lincoln Record", NARA Press Release
  72. ^ Barry Landau Sentenced to 7 Years for Thefts From National Archives, Other Institutions, NARA Press Release
  73. ^ "Notable Thefts From The National Archives", The National Archives Official Website ()
  74. ^ Panzino, Charlsy (January 12, 2018). "Historian pleads guilty to stealing dog tags, military records from National Archives". Army Times. Retrieved April 19, 2019.
  75. ^ Nina Strochlic. On the Hunt for National Treasures With America's Archive Detective, Atlas Obscura, August 16, 2019.

  This article incorporates public domain material from websites or documents of the National Archives and Records Administration.


Notes edit

Further reading edit

  • "Sixty-Ton Statue Is Carved from a Single Slab of Stone". Popular Mechanics. 64 (2): 256. August 1935. The statue Gladiator commissioned for the main national archive building in Washington, D.C. in 1935.
  • "Ten-Ton Door Made of Bronze is Thirty Five Feet High". Popular Mechanics. 62 (4): 519. October 1934.
  • Beschloss, Michael (2006). Our Documents: 100 Milestone Documents from the National Archives. New York: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-530959-1. Retrieved July 18, 2014.

External links edit

  • Official NARA−National Archives and Records Administration website
  • Federal Register.gov: National Archives and Records Administration
  • The National Archives Catalog—of the National Archives and Records Administration
  • https://webharvest.gov/

Sites not .GOV

  • Outdoor sculptures at the National Archives Building May 21, 2020, at the Wayback Machine
  • Footnote.com: NARA
  • FamilySearch.org: NARA−National Archives and Records Administration—research Wiki for genealogists
  • National Archives and Records Administration's Our Archives wiki December 11, 2019, at the Wayback Machine—information about NARA + its archived records
  • "Things to Do in D.C.—National Archives and Library of Congress"—Roaminghistorian.com on visiting the National Archives

national, archives, records, administration, nara, redirects, here, other, uses, nara, disambiguation, nara, independent, agency, united, states, government, within, executive, branch, charged, with, preservation, documentation, government, historical, records. NARA redirects here For other uses see Nara disambiguation The National Archives and Records Administration NARA is an independent agency of the United States government within the executive branch 4 charged with the preservation and documentation of government and historical records It is also tasked with increasing public access to those documents that make up the National Archives 5 NARA is officially responsible for maintaining and publishing the legally authentic and authoritative copies of acts of Congress presidential directives and federal regulations NARA also transmits votes of the Electoral College to Congress 6 It also examines Electoral College and constitutional amendment ratification documents for prima facie legal sufficiency and an authenticating signature 7 National Archives and Records AdministrationNARAOfficial sealNational Archives logo a stone eagle inspired by the architecture of the National Archives Building in Washington D C 1 Agency overviewFormedJune 19 1934 89 years ago 1934 06 19 Independent Agency April 1 1985 2 Preceding agencyNational Archives and Records Service GSA TypeIndependentJurisdictionU S Federal GovernmentHeadquartersNational Archives Building700 Pennsylvania Avenue NW Washington D C U S 38 53 33 6 N 77 01 22 6 W 38 892667 N 77 022944 W 38 892667 77 022944MottoLittera scripta manet Latin for the written word remains Employees2 848 FY 2021 3 Annual budget 397 million FY 2021 3 Agency executivesColleen Joy Shogan Archivist of the United Statesvacant Deputy ArchivistChild agencyOffice of the Federal RegisterWebsitewww wbr archives wbr govThe National Archives and its publicly exhibited Charters of Freedom which include the original United States Declaration of Independence United States Constitution United States Bill of Rights and many other historical documents is headquartered in the National Archives Building in Washington D C Contents 1 Organization 2 History 2 1 Trump administration 3 List of Archivists 4 Records 4 1 Genealogical requests 4 2 Founders Online 4 3 Archival Recovery Team 5 Facilities and exhibition spaces 5 1 Public private partnerships 5 2 Social media 6 Controversies 7 Notable thefts 8 See also 9 References 10 Notes 11 Further reading 12 External linksOrganization editMain article Organization of the National Archives and Records Administration The mission of the National Archives is We drive openness cultivate public participation and strengthen our nation s democracy through equitable public access to high value government records The work of the National Archives is dedicated to two main functions public engagement and federal records and information management The National Archives administers 15 Presidential Libraries and Museums a museum in Washington D C that displays the Charters of Freedom and 15 research facilities across the country 8 The agency s online catalog makes available over 160 million records ranging from before the start of the republic to the modern government However the digitized records represent only a small fraction of the over 13 billion pages in the holdings of the National Archives 9 The National Archives governs federal records and information policy for the executive branch and preserves and makes available the records of the judicial and legislative branches Agencies in the executive branch are required by the Federal Records Act to follow approved records schedules All records maintained by the executive branch must be properly identified by NARA and authorized for eventual destruction or appraised to be of permanent historical or legal value to be preserved and made available to the public Only 2 to 3 percent of records created by the federal government are deemed to be of permanent value The Presidential Records Act mandates that all records created by the Executive Office of the President are to be preserved and transferred to the National Archives at the end of a president s administration 10 3 11 The Archivist of the United States is the chief official overseeing the operation of the National Archives and Records Administration The Archivist not only maintains the official documentation of the passage of amendments to the U S Constitution by state legislatures but has the authority to declare when the constitutional threshold for passage has been reached and therefore when an act has become an amendment The Office of the Federal Register publishes the Federal Register Code of Federal Regulations and United States Statutes at Large among others It also administers the Electoral College The National Historical Publications and Records Commission NHPRC the agency s grant making arm awards funds to state and local governments public and private archives colleges and universities and other nonprofit organizations to preserve and publish historical records Since 1964 the NHPRC has awarded some 4 500 grants The Office of Government Information Services OGIS is a Freedom of Information Act FOIA resource for the public and the government Congress has charged NARA with reviewing FOIA policies procedures and compliance of federal agencies and to recommend changes to FOIA NARA s mission also includes resolving FOIA disputes between federal agencies and requesters History edit nbsp The Rotunda of the National Archives Building where the Charters of Freedom documents are publicly exhibitedOriginally each branch and agency of the U S government was responsible for maintaining its own documents which often resulted in the loss and destruction of records Congress created the National Archives Establishment in 1934 to centralize federal record keeping with the Archivist of the United States serving as chief administrator R D W Connor was chosen to be the first leader of the organization 12 After a recommendation by the first Hoover Commission in 1949 the National Archives was placed within the newly formed General Services Administration GSA NARA was officially given its independence from the GSA with the passing of the Records Administration Act of 1984 thus giving birth to the institution that exists today 13 In December 1978 millions of feet of newsreels were destroyed in a fire at an offsite location in Suitland Maryland 14 The reels made of exceptionally flammable nitrate material had been donated previously by Universal Pictures and were stored in special vaults intended to protect against fires In total over 12 6 million feet of film was destroyed 14 In March 2006 it was revealed by the Archivist of the United States in a public hearing that a memorandum of understanding between NARA and various government agencies existed to reclassify i e withdraw from public access certain documents in the name of national security and to do so in a manner such that researchers would not be likely to discover the process the U S reclassification program 15 An audit indicated that more than one third withdrawn since 1999 did not contain sensitive information 16 The program was originally scheduled to end in 2007 In 2008 the NARA announced that they would not be archiving government websites during transition after carrying out such crawls in 2000 and 2004 The End of Term Web Archive was established in response to this 17 18 In 2010 Executive Order 13526 created the National Declassification Center 19 to coordinate declassification practices across agencies provide secure document services to other agencies and review records in NARA custody for declassification A 2022 report by the National Security Archive revealed that the National Archives budget when adjusted for inflation has not increased since 1991 despite the exponential growth of electronic records created by the federal government 20 Trump administration edit Under the Trump administration the National Archives had significant difficulty maintaining historical records as the President would often rip flush and otherwise discard records 21 22 23 which would then have to be reconstructed and reclaimed by White House and NARA archivists Additionally according to multiple former staff the President would ask to keep certain records that otherwise would be returned 24 25 As part of its role in receiving and authenticating Electoral College votes the agency intercepted and rejected forged certificates of ascertainment from Trump allies in seven states who were strategizing to overturn the 2020 presidential election 26 27 Upon leaving office in 2021 Donald Trump delayed providing material to the National Archives in accordance with the Presidential Records Act In February 2022 U S Attorney General Merrick Garland announced that the National Archives had notified the Justice Department that it found classified documents within boxes provided to them from the former president Donald Trump s residence at Mar a Lago 28 After further investigation the Federal Bureau of Investigation executed a warrant for a search of the residence in August 2022 29 30 List of Archivists editMain article Archivist of the United StatesRecords editNARA s holdings are classed into record groups reflecting the governmental department or agency from which they originated 31 Records include paper documents microfilm still pictures motion pictures and electronic media Archival descriptions of the permanent holdings of the federal government in the custody of NARA are stored in the National Archives Catalog 32 The archival descriptions include information on traditional paper holdings electronic records and artifacts 33 As of December 2012 update the catalog consisted of about 10 billion logical data records describing 527 000 artifacts and encompassing 81 of NARA s records 34 There are also 922 000 digital copies of already digitized materials 34 Most records at NARA are in the public domain as works of the federal government are excluded from copyright protection However records from other sources may still be protected by copyright or donor agreements 35 Executive Order 13526 directs originating agencies to declassify documents if possible before shipment to NARA for long term storage 36 but NARA also stores some classified documents until they can be declassified Its Information Security Oversight Office monitors and sets policy for the U S government s security classification system Genealogical requests edit nbsp 1930 Census Record from Naval Station Great Lakes Lake County Illinois Most people who access records at NARA are genealogists or family historians 37 While many records are available online through the National Archives Catalog individuals can also request paper copies and microfilm scans When applicable the catalog will indicate a document s physical location in a National Archives facility Census records are among the most frequently requested at NARA with the oldest entries from 1790 38 These records often contain information such as addresses and names of family members However all pieces of personal data are restricted for 72 years after collection prior to then federal agencies can only access statistical data 39 The newest unrestricted census is from 1950 and was released to the general public in April 2022 The subsequent census from 1960 will be released in April 2032 NARA has also collaborated with Ancestry com Fold3 com and Familysearch org to scan microfilms and documents of genealogical interest 40 These digitization partners have expanded the number of genealogical sources on their respective websites such as ship passenger lists and military records NARA will eventually offer free access to all digitized sources through the National Archives Catalog 41 However many file collections are not available for public viewing either through NARA or affiliate websites This includes naturalization records and vital records that reveal extensive personal data Depending on a requestor s verifiable relation to a subject of interest restricted files may be obtainable under the Freedom of Information Act FOIA 42 Since 2005 NARA has held annual Genealogy Fairs with guest speakers and research workshops 43 These events are free of charge and are designed for interested individuals of any skill level Materials from past Genealogy Fairs are available on the National Archives website Founders Online edit In 2010 the Archives in a cooperative agreement with the University of Virginia Press created Founders Online a website for providing free public access to the papers and letters of seven of the nation s most influential founders John Adams Benjamin Franklin Alexander Hamilton John Jay Thomas Jefferson James Madison and George Washington 44 45 Launched three years later in 2013 the website currently provides access to a database of 185 000 digitized documents that have been annotated through founding fathers papers projects at five university presses over the past 50 years 46 In addition to the University of Virginia s the presses include those at Columbia Harvard Princeton and Yale 47 Archival Recovery Team edit In 2006 the NARA s Office of the Inspector General created the Archival Recovery Team to investigate thefts and recover records stolen from the archive s collections 48 Responsibility for non law enforcement recovery activities has since been transferred to the NARA Office of the Chief Operating Officer 49 Facilities and exhibition spaces editMain article National Archives facilities nbsp The National Archives Building from Constitution AvenueThe most well known facility of the National Archives and Records Administration is the National Archives Building informally known as Archives I located north of the National Mall on Constitution Avenue in Washington D C A sister facility known as the National Archives at College Park Archives II was opened in 1994 near the University of Maryland College Park The Washington National Records Center WNRC also located in the Washington D C metropolitan area is a large warehouse facility where federal records that are still under the control of the creating agency are stored Federal government agencies pay a yearly fee for storage at the facility In accordance with federal records schedules documents at WNRC are transferred to the legal custody of the National Archives after a certain time this usually involves a relocation of the records to College Park Temporary records at WNRC are either retained for a fee or destroyed after retention times have elapsed WNRC also offers research services and maintains a small research room Across the United States the National Archives maintains both research facilities and additional federal records centers FRCs In many cases the research rooms of regional archives are located at the same site as the federal records center which is inaccessible to the public In April 2019 an unknown person set fire to an exterior wall of the archives building using a homemade incendiary device before firefighters were able to extinguish the flames 50 Public private partnerships edit In an effort to make its holdings more widely available and more easily accessible the National Archives began entering into public private partnerships in 2006 A joint venture with Google will digitize and offer NARA video online When announcing the agreement Archivist Allen Weinstein said that this pilot program is an important step for the National Archives to achieve its goal of becoming an archive without walls Our new strategic plan emphasizes the importance of providing access to records anytime anywhere This is one of many initiatives that we are launching to make our goal a reality For the first time the public will be able to view this collection of rare and unusual films on the Internet 51 On January 10 2007 the National Archives and Fold3 com formerly Footnote 52 launched a pilot project to digitize historic documents from the National Archives holdings Allen Weinstein explained that this partnership would allow much greater access to approximately 4 5 million pages of important documents that are currently available only in their original format or on microfilm and would also enhance NARA s efforts to preserve its original records 53 In July 2007 the National Archives announced it would make copies of its collection of Universal Newsreels from 1929 to 1967 available for purchase through CreateSpace an Amazon com subsidiary During the announcement Weinstein noted that the agreement would reap major benefits for the public at large and for the National Archives Adding While the public can come to our College Park Maryland research room to view films and even copy them at no charge this new program will make our holdings much more accessible to millions of people who cannot travel to the Washington D C area The agreement also calls for CreateSpace partnership to provide the National Archives with digital reference and preservation copies of the films as part of NARA s preservation program 54 Social media edit The National Archives currently utilizes social media and Web 2 0 technologies in an attempt to communicate better with the public 55 On June 18 2009 the National Archives announced the launching of a YouTube channel to showcase popular archived films inform the public about upcoming events around the country and bring National Archives exhibits to the people 56 Also in 2009 the National Archives launched a Flickr photostream to share portions of its photographic holdings with the general public 57 A new teaching with documents Web site premiered in 2010 and was developed by the education team The site 58 features 3 000 documents images and recordings from the holdings of the Archives It also features lesson plans and tools for creating new classroom activities and lessons In 2011 the National Archives initiated a WikiProject on the English Wikipedia to expand collaboration in making its holdings widely available through Wikimedia Controversies editIn December 2019 the National Archives approved record schedules for federal records created by U S Immigration and Customs Enforcement ICE which documented detainee sexual abuse and assault death review files detention monitoring reports detainee escape reports detainee segregation files and Detention Information Reporting Line records The schedules permitted ICE to destroy the records when they were no longer needed for business use 59 The schedules were approved without changes despite public outcry when they were first proposed in the Federal Register 60 A lawsuit was brought against the National Archives by several plaintiffs Citizens for Responsibility and Ethics in Washington the American Historical Association and the Society for Historians of American Foreign Relations In March 2021 a federal judge for the District Court for the District of Columbia ruled against the National Archives that the records must be preserved stating NARA s approval of the schedule was arbitrary and capricious on the grounds that NARA failed to evaluate the research value of the ICE records and that NARA failed to address significant and relevant public comments 61 62 In January 2020 a Washington Post reporter noticed blurred protest signs in an image of the 2017 Women s March at the Archives public exhibit Some of the edited signs contained potentially offensive language and some mentioned president Donald Trump Besides censoring language the changes altered the meaning of some protest signs The agency defended the edits and said they were made so as not to engage in current political controversy but admitted it made a mistake we were wrong to alter the image 63 64 65 Notable thefts editIn 1963 Robert Bradford Murphy and his wife Elizabeth Irene Murphy were arrested and sentenced to ten years in prison for stealing documents from several federal depositories including the National Archives 66 In 1987 Charles Merrill Mount was arrested and sentenced to five years in prison for stealing 400 documents from the National Archives 67 In 2002 Shawn Aubitz pleaded guilty to stealing dozens of documents and photographs from the National Archives during the 1990s 68 In 2005 Sandy Berger was charged with an unauthorized removal of documents from the National Archives sentenced to 100 hours of community service and fined 50 000 In 2005 Howard Harner was sentenced to two years in prison and fined 10 000 after stealing 100 documents from the National Archives 69 In 2006 Denning McTague was sentenced to 15 months in prison and fined 3 000 after stealing 164 documents from the National Archives 70 In 2011 Leslie Waffen was sentenced to 18 months in prison after stealing 955 recordings from the National Archives 71 In 2011 Thomas Lowry was permanently banned from the National Archives after he confessed to altering the date on a presidential pardon signed by Abraham Lincoln 72 In 2011 Barry Landau and Jason Savedoff were arrested and sentenced to seven and a half years in prison for stealing ten thousand documents from the National Archives 73 74 In 2018 Antonin DeHays was arrested for multiple thefts of military artifacts and records from the National Archives during the mid to late 2010s 75 76 See also edit1973 National Archives Fire Digital preservation Electronic Records Archives Founders Online Library of Congress List of national archives List of U S state libraries and archives National Digital Information Infrastructure and Preservation Program National Digital Library Program NDLP National Security Archive U S Constitution White House Millennium Council time capsule References edit Celebrate July 4 with New Logo and 1st Ever Parade Float National Archives and Records Administration June 30 2010 Archival Milestones National Archives and Records Administration Retrieved March 31 2011 a b c FY 2022 Congressional Justification PDF National Archives and Records Administration May 28 2021 Retrieved May 8 2022 Stephanie April 18 2013 What s the difference between the National Archives and the Library of Congress Education Updates Retrieved August 12 2022 Mengel David May 2007 Access to United States Government Records at the U S National Archives and Records Administration PDF Society of American Archivists Elections and the Electoral College National Archives March 15 2017 Retrieved April 22 2019 The Constitutional Amendment Process Archives gov National Archives and Records Administration Retrieved July 27 2014 Locations National Archives Retrieved May 8 2022 Record Group Explorer National Archives Retrieved May 8 2022 National Archives Frequently Asked Questions National Archives August 15 2016 Retrieved May 8 2022 Presidential Records Act PRA of 1978 National Archives August 15 2016 Retrieved May 8 2022 Quigley Sarah 2007 Cultural Record Keepers Libraries amp the Cultural Record 42 81 doi 10 1353 lac 2007 0017 S2CID 161988764 Bradsher G 2015 National Archives Independence 30 Years Ago Federalist Society for History in the Federal Government 45 4 5 via EBSCOHost a b Daley Jason Forty Years Ago 12 6 Million Feet of History Went Up in Smoke Smithsonian Retrieved May 3 2019 Secret Agreement Reveals Covert Program to Hide Reclassification from Public National Security Archive April 11 2006 Retrieved March 31 2011 Scott Shane April 27 2006 National Archives Says Records Were Wrongly Classified The New York Times Webster Peter 2017 Brugger Niels ed Users technologies organisations Towards a cultural history of world web archiving Web 25 Histories from 25 Years of the World Wide Web 179 190 doi 10 3726 b11492 hdl 2318 1770557 ISBN 9781433140655 Archived from the original on October 21 2020 National Archives Congressional amp Federal Government Web Harvests Archived from the original on September 18 2017 Retrieved January 18 2021 National Archives and Declassification Archives gov October 19 2011 Retrieved April 29 2013 U S National Archives NARA Budget The 30 Year Flatline National Security Archive nsarchive gwu edu Retrieved May 8 2022 He never stopped ripping things up Inside Trump s relentless document destruction habits Washington Post ISSN 0190 8286 Retrieved January 24 2023 Broadwater Luke February 12 2022 Trump Flouted Presidential Records Law Will He Face Consequences The New York Times ISSN 0362 4331 Retrieved January 24 2023 Price Jessica Taylor August 11 2022 Trump s documents are way more than just evidence They are property of the people Northeastern Global News Retrieved January 24 2023 Karni Annie June 10 2018 Meet the guys who tape Trump s papers back together Politico Retrieved August 13 2022 Tangalakis Lippert Katherine August 13 2022 Though Trump had a reputation for avoiding briefings and flushing meeting notes he would ask officials for documents Can I keep this Business Insider Retrieved August 13 2022 Zachary Cohen and Marshall Cohen January 12 2022 Trump allies fake Electoral College certificates offer fresh insights about plot to overturn Biden s victory CNN Retrieved January 15 2022 Wu Nicholas January 10 2022 Jan 6 panel ramps up investigation into Trump s state level pressure POLITICO Retrieved January 15 2022 Broadwater Luke Schmidt Michael February 18 2022 Material Recovered From Trump by Archives Included Classified Information The New York Times Retrieved August 13 2022 Haberman Maggie Schmidt Michael August 8 2022 From the archives A look at the inquiry that led to the F B I search of Trump s Florida home The New York Times Retrieved August 8 2022 Politi James Weaver Courtney August 9 2022 Donald Trump says FBI agents have raided his Mar a Lago residence Financial Times Archived from the original on December 10 2022 Retrieved August 9 2022 Record Group Concept National Archives August 15 2016 Retrieved September 16 2020 NARA The National Archives Catalog Retrieved May 6 2016 NARA Open Government at the National Archives Retrieved December 13 2012 a b NARA About Archival Research Catalog ARC Retrieved December 13 2012 Copyright Permissions and Restrictions Notice archives gov Retrieved March 31 2011 Section 3 2 d Why Visit the National Archives National Archives September 19 2016 Retrieved September 25 2020 Dennis Szucs Loretto Hargreaves Luebking Sandra eds 2006 The Source A Guidebook to American Genealogy Ancestry Publishing p 756 ISBN 1593312776 Heimlich Russell April 9 2012 The 72 Year Rule Governs Release of Census Records Pew Research Center Retrieved September 25 2020 Johnson Melissa February 1 2016 A Primer on United States Naturalization Records NGS Monthly National Genealogical Society Retrieved September 25 2020 Microfilm Publications and Original Records Digitized by Our Digitization Partners National Archives August 15 2016 Retrieved September 25 2020 Trent Sydney December 9 2019 The genealogy boom has hit a roadblock The Trump administration plans huge fee hikes for immigration records The Washington Post Retrieved September 25 2020 National Archives Virtual Genealogy Fair National Archives March 19 2020 Retrieved September 25 2020 Eckert Ellen February 10 2015 Founders Online Review PDF archivists org Society of American Archivists Retrieved January 31 2022 Founders Online News Papers of John Jay added to Founders Online archives gov Founders Online National Archives and Records Administration September 15 2020 Retrieved March 8 2022 Donohue Keith June 13 2013 The Papers of the Founding Fathers Are Now Online obamawhitehouse archives gov White House Retrieved January 31 2022 Founders Online upress virginia edu University of Virginia Press Retrieved January 31 2022 Faye Fiore August 8 2010 Guardians of the nation s attic Los Angeles Times About the Archival Recovery Program National Archives November 10 2016 Retrieved April 29 2019 Katz Brigit Authorities Are Looking for the Suspect Who Started a Fire at the National Archives Smithsonian Retrieved May 3 2019 National Archives and Google Launch Pilot Project to Digitize and Offer Historic Films Online Press release archives gov February 24 2006 Archived from the original on May 21 2011 Retrieved March 31 2011 footnote com footnote com Retrieved November 23 2011 National Archives and Footnote Launch Project to Digitize Historic Documents Press release archives gov January 10 2007 Retrieved March 31 2011 Thousands of National Archives Films to Be Made Available Through CustomFlix Labs Press release archives gov July 27 2007 Retrieved March 31 2011 Social Media and Web 2 0 at the National Archives Retrieved March 31 2011 National Archives Launches YouTube Channel Press release archives gov June 18 2009 Retrieved March 31 2011 National Archives Photos on Flickr FAQs Retrieved March 31 2011 DocsTeach Archived from the original on December 1 2023 Perrett Connor March 13 2021 The National Archives can t allow ICE to destroy records about sexual assault and detainee deaths a federal judge ruled Business Insider Retrieved April 11 2021 Peet Lisa September 9 2018 NARA Responds to Controversial ICE Records Destruction Request The Library Journal Retrieved April 19 2019 Keller Aaron March 12 2021 Judge Blocks ICE Records Administration from Destroying Records of Sex Abuse Detainee Deaths Law amp Crime Retrieved April 11 2021 Citizens for Responsibility amp Ethics v Nat l Archives amp Records Admin Case No 20 cv 00739 APM Casetext Retrieved April 11 2021 Acevedo Nicole January 18 2020 Blurring Trump other words in Women s March photo was mistake National Archives says NBC News Retrieved January 21 2020 The National Archives used to stand for independence that mission has been compromised SFChronicle com January 19 2020 Retrieved January 21 2020 National Archives Doctored Photos of 2017 Women s March to Blur Messages Critical of Trump Democracy Now January 21 2020 Retrieved January 21 2020 United States of America Plaintiff appellee v Robert Bradford Murphy A k a Samuel George Matz and Elizabeth Irene Murphy aka Elizabeth Irene Matz Defendants and Appellants 413 F 2d 1129 6th Cir 1969 Churchville V amp Saperstein S 1987 August 16 The fall from grace of an artist author The Washington Post Man Admits Theft From U S Archives Los Angeles Times March 14 2002 ISSN 0458 3035 Retrieved April 19 2019 Carol D Leonnig Archives Thief Gets Two Years The Washington Post May 27 2005 Eve Conant To Catch a Thief at the National Archives Newsweek May 4 2007 Erica W Morrison Leslie Waffen ex Archives worker sentenced for stealing selling recordings The Washington Post May 3 2012 National Archives Discovers Date Change on Lincoln Record NARA Press Release Barry Landau Sentenced to 7 Years for Thefts From National Archives Other Institutions NARA Press Release Notable Thefts From The National Archives The National Archives Official Website Archived Panzino Charlsy January 12 2018 Historian pleads guilty to stealing dog tags military records from National Archives Army Times Retrieved April 19 2019 Nina Strochlic On the Hunt for National Treasures With America s Archive Detective Atlas Obscura August 16 2019 nbsp This article incorporates public domain material from websites or documents of the National Archives and Records Administration Notes editFurther reading edit Sixty Ton Statue Is Carved from a Single Slab of Stone Popular Mechanics 64 2 256 August 1935 The statue Gladiator commissioned for the main national archive building in Washington D C in 1935 Ten Ton Door Made of Bronze is Thirty Five Feet High Popular Mechanics 62 4 519 October 1934 Beschloss Michael 2006 Our Documents 100 Milestone Documents from the National Archives New York Oxford University Press ISBN 978 0 19 530959 1 Retrieved July 18 2014 External links edit nbsp Wikimedia Commons has media related to wbr National Archives and Records Administration and wbr NARA images by state Official NARA National Archives and Records Administration website Federal Register gov National Archives and Records Administration The National Archives Catalog of the National Archives and Records Administration https webharvest gov Sites not GOV Outdoor sculptures at the National Archives Building Archived May 21 2020 at the Wayback Machine Footnote com NARA FamilySearch org NARA National Archives and Records Administration research Wiki for genealogists National Archives and Records Administration s Our Archives wiki Archived December 11 2019 at the Wayback Machine information about NARA its archived records Things to Do in D C National Archives and Library of Congress Roaminghistorian com on visiting the National Archives Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title National Archives and Records Administration amp oldid 1195486254, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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