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Tsinghua University

February 15, 2024

For the university based in Hsinchu City, Taiwan, see National Tsing Hua University.

Tsinghua University (清华大学) is a public university in Haidian, Beijing, China. It is affiliated with and funded by the Ministry of Education of China. The university is part of Project 211, Project 985, and the Double First-Class Construction. It is also a member of the C9 League.

Tsinghua University
清华大学
Seal of Tsinghua University
Motto自强不息、厚德载物[1]
Motto in English
Self-Discipline and Social Commitment[2]
TypePublic
Established1911; 113 years ago (1911)
Endowment~$6 billion (2023)
PresidentWang Xiqin
Party SecretaryQiu Yong
Academic staff
3,565[3]
Administrative staff
4,101[citation needed]
Students50,390[4]
Undergraduates16,030[4]
Postgraduates18,610[4]
15,750[4]
Location
Haidian, Beijing
,
China

40°00′00″N 116°19′36″E / 40.00000°N 116.32667°E / 40.00000; 116.32667
Campus395 hectares (980 acres)[3]
FlowerRedbud and Lilac[5]
Colors  Purple
  White[6][7]
AffiliationsC9, AUA, AEARU, APRU, BHUA, CDIO
Websitetsinghua.edu.cn
tsinghua.edu.cn/en
Chinese name
Simplified Chinese清华大学
Traditional Chinese清華大學
Transcriptions
Standard Mandarin
Hanyu PinyinQīnghuá Dàxué
Gwoyeu RomatzyhChinghwa Dahshyue
Wade–GilesCh'ing1-hua2 Ta4-hsüeh2
IPA[tɕʰíŋ.xwǎ tâ.ɕɥě]
Yue: Cantonese
Yale RomanizationChīng-wàah Daaih-hohk
JyutpingCing1-waa4 Daai6-hok6
IPA[tsʰeŋ˥.waː˩ taːi˨.hɔːk̚˨]

Tsinghua University's campus is situated in northwest Beijing, on the site of the former imperial gardens of the Qing dynasty. Currently, the university has 21 schools and 59 departments, with faculties in science, engineering, humanities, law, medicine, history, philosophy, economics, management, education and art.[8]

History edit

 
The inscription at the entrance of Tsinghua Garden. The garden is among the oldest components of the campus of Tsinghua University
 
A glimpse of Xichun Garden, a Qing dynasty garden on Tsinghua University campus
 
Built in 1917, the Grand Auditorium with its Jeffersonian architectural design is a centerpiece of the old campus
Main article: History of Tsinghua University
Further information: Boxer Indemnity Scholarship Program

Early 20th century (1911–1949) edit

Tsinghua University was established in Beijing during a tumultuous period of national upheaval and conflicts with foreign powers which culminated in the Boxer Rebellion, an uprising against foreign influence in China. After the suppression of the revolt by a foreign alliance including the United States, the ruling Qing dynasty was required to pay indemnities to alliance members. United States Secretary of State John Hay suggested that the US$30 million Boxer indemnity allotted to the United States was excessive. After much negotiation with Qing ambassador Liang Cheng, president of the United States Theodore Roosevelt obtained approval from the United States Congress in 1909 to reduce the indemnity payment by US$10.8 million, on the condition that the funds would be used as scholarships for Chinese students to study in the United States.[9][10]

Using this fund, the Tsinghua College (清華學堂; Qīnghuá Xuétáng) was established in Beijing, on 29 April 1911 on the site of a former royal garden to serve as a preparatory school for students the government planned to send to the United States.[11] Faculty members for sciences were recruited by the YMCA from the United States, and its graduates transferred directly to American schools as juniors upon graduation.[citation needed] The motto of Tsinghua, "Self-Discipline and Social Commitment", was derived from a 1914 speech by prominent scholar and faculty member Liang Qichao, in which he quoted the I Ching to describe a notion of the ideal gentleman.[12]

In 1925, the school established its own four-year undergraduate program and started a research institute on Chinese studies.[13][14][15][16][17] In 1928, the school changed its name to National Tsinghua University.[18]

During the Second Sino-Japanese War, many Chinese universities were forced to evacuate their campuses to avoid the Japanese invasion. In 1937, Tsinghua University, Peking University and Nankai University merged to form the Changsha Temporary University, located in Changsha, Hunan. The merged university later became the National Southwestern Associated University, located in Kunming, Yunnan. Tsinghua University section of the merged university returned to Beijing at the end of World War II.[19][20][21][22][23]

Later 20th century (post-1949) edit

After the end of the Chinese Civil War in 1949, China experienced a communist revolution leading to the creation of the People's Republic of China. Tsinghua University's then president Mei Yiqi, along with many professors, fled to Taiwan with the retreating Nationalist government. They established the National Tsing Hua Institute of Nuclear Technology in 1955, which later became the National Tsing Hua University in Taiwan, an institution independent and distinct from Tsinghua University.[24][25][26]

In 1952, the Chinese Communist Party regrouped the country's higher education institutions in an attempt to build a Soviet style system where each institution specialized in a certain field of study, such as social sciences or natural sciences.[27] Tsinghua University was streamlined into a polytechnic institute with a focus on engineering and the natural sciences.[28]

In 1953, Tsinghua established a political counselor program, becoming the first university to do so following the Ministry of Education's 1952 directive to begin piloting such programs.[29]: 107  As political counselors, new graduates who were also Communist Party members worked as political counselors in managing the student body and student organizations, often simultaneously serving as Communist Youth League secretaries.[29]: 107  The program was later expanded to other universities following its endorsement by Deng Xiaoping and became further institutionalized across China in the 1990s and 2000s.[29]: 108 

During the Third Front construction, Tsinghua established a branch in Mianyang, Sichuan province.[30]

From 1966 to 1976, China experienced immense sociopolitical upheaval and instability during the Cultural Revolution. Many university students walked out of classrooms at Tsinghua and other institutions, and some went on to join the Red Guards, resulting in the complete shutdown of the university as faculty were persecuted or otherwise unable to teach.[31][32] It was not until 1978, after the Cultural Revolution ended, that the university began to take in students and re-emerge as a force in Chinese politics and society.[33]

During the Criticize Lin, Criticize Confucius campaign of 1973 to 1976, critique groups formed at Tsinghua and Peking University disseminated commentaries under the pseudonym of "Liang Xiao".[34] The pseudonym sounds like a person's name but is a homophone for "two schools".[34]

In the 1980s, Tsinghua evolved beyond the polytechnic model and incorporated a multidisciplinary system emphasizing collaboration between distinct schools within the broader university environment.[35] Under this system, several schools have been re-incorporated, including Tsinghua Law School, the School of Economics and Management, the School of Sciences, the School of Life Sciences, the School of Humanities and Social Sciences, the School of Public Policy and Management, and the Academy of Arts and Design.[36]

In 1996, the School of Economics and Management established a partnership with the Sloan School of Management at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. One year later, Tsinghua and MIT began the MBA program known as the Tsinghua-MIT Global MBA.[37]

In 1998, Tsinghua became the first Chinese university to offer a Master of Laws (LLM) program in American law, through a cooperative venture with the Temple University Beasley School of Law.[38]

21st century edit

Tsinghua alumni include the current General Secretary of the Chinese Communist Party and paramount leader of China, Xi Jinping '79, who graduated with a degree in chemical engineering, along with the CCP General Secretary and former Paramount Leader of China Hu Jintao '64, who graduated with a degree in hydraulic engineering. In addition to its powerful alumni, Tsinghua has a reputation for hosting globally prominent guest speakers, with international leaders Bill Clinton, Tony Blair, Henry Kissinger, Carlos Ghosn, and Henry Paulson having lectured to the university community.[39]

As of 2018, Tsinghua University consists of 20 schools and 58 university departments, 41 research institutes, 35 research centers, and 167 laboratories, including 15 national key laboratories.[40] In September 2006, the Peking Union Medical College, a renowned medical school, was renamed "Peking Union Medical College, Tsinghua University" although it and Tsinghua University are technically separate institutions.[41] The university operates the Tsinghua University Press, which publishes academic journals, textbooks, and other scholarly works.[42][43]

 
The traditional He Tang Yue Se (moonlit pond) is part of the Qing dynasty Prince's Residence and Garden located on the grounds of Tsinghua University

Through its constituent colleges, graduate and professional schools, and other institutes, Tsinghua University offers more than 82 bachelor's degree programs, 80 master's degree programs and 90 PhD programs.[44][45]

In 2014, Tsinghua established Xinya College, a residential liberal arts college, as a pilot project to reform undergraduate education at the university. Modeled after universities in the United States and Europe, Xinya combines general and professional education in a liberal arts tradition, featuring a core curriculum of Chinese and Western literature and civilization studies and required courses in physical education and foreign languages. Furthermore, while most Tsinghua undergraduates must choose a specific major upon entrance, Xinya students declare their majors at the end of freshman year, enabling them to explore several different fields of study.[46]

In December 2014, Tsinghua University established the Advisory Committee of Undergraduate Curriculum (ACUC).[47] It became the first student autonomous organization in mainland China for students to participate in the school's management.[48] The Tsinghua University Academic Committee, which was formally established on July 8, 2015, has stipulated in the committee's charter that students should be consulted through the ACUC for resolutions involving undergraduate students.[49] From then on, Tsinghua commenced a new round of academic reform lasting ever since, including establishing GPA grading system,[50] adding the writing classes, critical thinking classes, second foreign languages classes into curriculum,[51] requiring undergrads to be able to swim before graduation,[52] cooperating with the Peking University on class cross-registration to supplement each other's general education curriculum,[53] reducing fees on class withdraw, transcripts and certificates,[54] and adjusting the graduate school co-terminal admission policies.[55]

In 2016, Schwarzman Scholars was established with almost US$400 million endowment by Steven Schwarzman, the chairman and CEO of the Blackstone Group and other multinational corporations and global leaders. Schwarzman Scholars annually selects 100–200 scholars across the world to enroll in a one-year fully-funded master's degree leadership program designed to cultivate the next generation of global leaders. 40% students are selected from the United States, 20% students are selected from China, 40% are selected from rest of the world. These scholars reside on the university campus at Schwarzman College, a residential college built specifically for the program.[56][57]

In 2016, Tsinghua's expenditures were RMB 13.7 billion (US$3.57 billion at purchasing power parity), the largest budget of any university in China.[58] According to a 2018 Financial Times report, Tsinghua University has been linked to cyber-espionage.[59]

In 2024, Tsinghua announced that its office of the university president had merged into the university's Chinese Communist Party committee, which would directly administer the university henceforth.[60]

Academics edit

Tsinghua University engages in extensive research and offers 51 bachelor's degree programs, 139 master's degree programs, and 107 doctoral programs through 20 colleges and 57 departments covering a broad range of subjects,[61] including science, engineering, arts and literature, social sciences, law, medicine.[62] Along with its membership in the C9 League, Tsinghua University affiliations include the Association of Pacific Rim Universities,[63] a group of 50 leading Asian and American universities, Washington University in St. Louis's McDonnell International Scholars Academy, a group of 35 premier global universities,[64] and the Association of East Asian Research Universities, a 17-member research collaboration network of top regional institutions.[65] Tsinghua is an associate member of the Consortium Linking Universities of Science and Technology for Education and Research (CLUSTER).[66] Tsinghua is a member of a Low Carbon Energy University Alliance (LCEUA), together with the University of Cambridge and the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT).[67][68]

Admissions edit

Admission to Tsinghua for both undergraduate and graduate schools is extremely competitive. Undergraduate admissions for domestic students is decided through the gaokao, the Chinese national college entrance exam, which allows students to list Tsinghua University among their preferred college choices. While selectivity varies by province, the sheer number of high school students applying for college each year has resulted in overall acceptance rates far lower than 0.1% of all test takers.[69]

Admission to Tsinghua's graduate schools is also very competitive. Only about 16% of MBA applicants are admitted each year.[70]

Research edit

Research at Tsinghua University is mainly supported by government funding from national programs and special projects. In the areas of science and technology, funding from these sources totals over 20 billion yuan, which subsidizes more than 1,400 projects every year conducted by the university. With the prospective increase of state investment in science and technology, research at Tsinghua is projected to receive more financial support from the state.[71]

Each year, the university hosts the Intellectual Property Summer Institute in cooperation with Franklin Pierce Law Center of Concord, New Hampshire.[72]

The scientific research institutions in Tsinghua University are divided into three categories, including government-approved institutions, institutions independently established by the university and institutions jointly established by the university and independent legal entities outside the university.

As of December 31, 2022, Tsinghua University has 428 university-level scientific research institutions in operation.[73]

Rankings and reputation edit

General Ranking edit

University rankings
Global – Overall
ARWU World[74]22 (2023)
QS World[75]25 (2024)
QS Employability[76]6 (2022)
THE World[77]12 (2024)
THE Reputation[78]8 (2023)
USNWR Global[79]23 (2022–23)
Regional – Overall
ARWU Asia[80]1 (2023)
QS Asia[81]3 (2023)
QS BRICS[82]1 (2019)
THE Asia[83]1 (2023)
THE Emerging Economies[84]2 (2022)
USNWR Asia[85]1 (2022–23)
National – Overall
BCUR National[86]1 (2023)
QS National[87]1 (2019)
THE National[88]1 (2023)
USNWR National[89]1 (2022–23)

Tsinghua University is consistently ranked among the top universities in the Asia-Pacific according to major international university rankings.[90][91][92][93][94] Tsinghua University ranked No. 1 in China, the whole of Asia-Oceania region and emerging countries according to the Times Higher Education,[90][95][96] with its industry income, research, and teaching performance indicator placed at 1st, 4th and 9th respectively in the world.[97] Internationally, Tsinghua was regarded as the most reputable Chinese university by the Times Higher Education World Reputation Rankings where, it has ranked 8th globally and 1st in the Asia-Pacific.[98]

Tsinghua University ranked 10 among Global Innovative Universities according to the World's Universities with Real Impact (WURI) 2020 ranking released by United Nations Institute for Training and Research (UNITAR).[99][100]

Since 2013, Tsinghua also topped the newly created regional QS BRICS University Rankings.[101] Tsinghua graduates are highly desired worldwide; in the QS Graduate Employability Rankings 2017, Tsinghua was ranked 3rd in the world and 1st in the whole of Afro-Eurasia & Oceania region.[102] In 2020, Tsinghua was ranked 15th in the world by QS World University Rankings,[92] and ranked 6th globally and 1st in Asia in the QS Graduate Employability Rankings.[103]

As of 2023, the Academic Ranking of World Universities, also known as the "Shanghai Ranking", placed Tsinghua University 22nd in the world and 1st in Asia & Oceania region.[104] The U.S. News & World Report ranked Tsinghua at 1st in the Asia-Pacific and 23rd globally in its 2023 Best Global Universities Rankings.[93]

Tsinghua was the best-ranked university in the Asia-Pacific and the 17th worldwide in 2023 in terms of aggregate performance (THE+ARWU+QS) as reported by the Aggregate Ranking of Top Universities.[105]

Research Performance edit

As of 2021, it ranked 3rd among the universities around the world by SCImago Institutions Rankings.[106] The Nature Index 2022 Annual Tables by Nature Research ranked Tsinghua 7th among the leading universities globally for the high quality of research publications in natural science.[107]

For sciences in general, the 2023 CWTS Leiden Ranking ranked Tsinghua University 3rd in the world after Harvard and Stanford based on the number of their scientific publications belonging to the top 1% in their fields.[108] In November 2023, Clarivate Analytics ranked Tsinghua second in the whole of Afro-Eurasia & Oceania region after Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) and 5th in the world after (CAS, Harvard, Stanford and National Institutes of Health) for most cited researchers.[109]

Subjects Rankings edit

Tsinghua University ranked 10th globally (first in the Asia & Oceania region),[110] and it ranked first globally in 13 fields, including "Artificial Intelligence", "Chemical Engineering", "Energy & Fuels", "Electrical & Electronics Engineering", "Engineering", "Environmental Engineering", "Information & Computing Sciences", "Materials Engineering", "Mechanical Engineering", " Nanoscience & Nanomaterials", "Robotics & Intelligent Systems", "Sustainable & Renewable Energy", and "Technology" by the University Ranking by Academic Performance.[111] Tsinghua is ranked 1st in the Asia & Oceania region and 14th globally by the Performance Ranking of Scientific Papers for World Universities with specific fields and subjects, ranked number one globally, including "Chemical Engineering", "Chemistry", "Civil Engineering", "Computer Science", "Electrical Engineering", "Material Science" and "Physics".[112][113]

As of 2021, it ranked 6th globally in "Education", 7th in "Clinical, pre-clinical and Health", 11th in "Business and Economics", 12th in "Computer Science", 13th in "Life Science", 17th in "Engineering and Technology", 18th in "Physical Science", 33th in "Social Science", 37th in "Law", and 40th in "Arts and Humanities" by the Times Higher Education Rankings by Subjects, which are historical strengths for Tsinghua.[114][115]

Since 2015, Tsinghua University has overtaken the Massachusetts Institute of Technology to top the list of Best Global Universities for Engineering published by the U.S. News & World Report and as of 2021, is also ranked number one globally in Chemical Engineering, Computer Science, Engineering, Electrical and Electronic Engineering and Energy and Fuels.[116][117] As of 2021, the U.S. News & World Report placed "Chemical Engineering", "Chemistry", "Civil Engineering", "Computer Science", "Condensed Matter Physics", "Electrical and Electronic Engineering", "Energy and Fuels", "Engineering", "Environment/Ecology", "Material Science", "Mechanical Engineering", "Nanoscience and Nanotechnology" "Physical Chemistry" and "Physics" at Tsinghua in the global Top 10 universities.[118]

In the ARWU's Global Ranking of Academic Subjects 2020, Tsinghua ranks in the world's top five universities in "Telecommunication Engineering", "Instruments Science & Technology", "Civil Engineering", "Chemical Engineering", "Mechanical Engineering", "Nanoscience & Nanotechnology", "Energy Science & Engineering", and "Transportation Science & Technology" and falls within the global top 10 for "Electrical & Electronic Engineering", "Computer Science & Engineering", "Materials Science & Engineering", "Environmental Science & Engineering", and "Water Resources".[119]

List of university departments and institutions edit

Department of Electrical Engineering edit

The department of electrical engineering at Tsinghua University plays a pioneer role in state power grid of China. The research focus of the department include following areas.

  • Power System and its Automation: Security, stability, control and marketization of power systems;
  • High Voltage and Insulation Technique: High voltage insulation, over voltage and its protection, electromagnetic compatibility, equipment detection and high voltage measurement;
  • Electric Machines and Electric Apparatus: Large-scale machines, special machines, motor systems in electrical vehicles, machine protection, high voltage switchgear;
  • Power Electronics and Electrical Drive: Basic theory and topology research in power systems and industrial application, flexible AC transmission system, electrical machine drive and control, interface and application of renewable energy system, power quality;
  • Theory and New Technology of Electrical Engineering: Basic theory of electromagnetic field and its numerical calculation, electromagnetic measurement, wireless transmission of power energy, fault diagnosis based on electromagnetic theory.

Department of Industrial Engineering edit

Department of Industrial Engineering (Tsinghua IE) has three institutes:[158]

  • Operations Research & Data Science
  • System Operation and Digital Management
  • Human Factors and Human-System Interaction

The Department also operates two university-level multi-disciplinary application-oriented institutes or centers:[158]

  • Institute of Quality and Reliability
    • Established jointly by Tsinghua University and State Administration for Market Regulation
  • Institute of Industrial Culture
    • Established jointly by Tsinghua University and Ministry of Industry and Information Technology
  • Center for Smart Logistics and Supply Chain Management
    • Established jointly by Tsinghua University and Jiaozhou City at Qingdao City, Shandong Province.

Department of Mathematical Sciences edit

The Department of Mathematical Sciences (DMS) was established in 1927.

In 1952, Tsinghua DMS was merged with the Peking University Department of Mathematical Sciences. Then in 1979 it was renamed "Department of Applied Mathematics", and renamed again in 1999 to its current title.

Tsinghua DMS has three institutes at present, the institute of Pure Mathematics which has 27 faculty members, the Institute of Applied Mathematics and Probability and Statistics which has 27 faculty members, and the Institute of Computational Mathematics and Operations Research which has 20 faculty members. There are currently about 400 undergraduate students and 200 graduate students.

Department of Precision Instrument edit

The Department of Precision Instrument was called the Department of Precision Instrument and Machine Manufacturing in 1960 when it was separated out from the Department of Machine Manufacturing to be an independent department. Later, in 1971, it was renamed the Department of Precision Instrument.[159] The mission of the Department of Precision Instrument at Tsinghua University, as its dean said, is "supporting the national development and improving the people’s well-being."[160]

 
A footpath in the university

Research edit

Research in the Department of Precision Instrument is divided to four main parts, led by its four research institutes: the Institute of Opto-electronic Engineering, the Institute of Instrument Science and Technology, the Engineering Research Center for Navigation Technology, and the Center for Photonics and Electronics.[161] At the same time, the Department of Precision Instrument has three key laboratories: the State Key Laboratory of Tribology, the State Key Laboratory of Precision Measurement Technology and Instruments, and the Key Laboratory of High-accuracy Inertial Instrument and System. It also has two national engineering research centers, which are the National Engineering Research Center of Optical Disk and the CIMS National Engineering Research Center.[159]

The Institute of Opto-electronic Engineering

The Institute of Opto-electronic Engineering (IOEE) was established in 1958. It obtained the Chinese government's authorization to offer PhD program in 1981 and the approval to build the post-doctoral research site in 1988. The research of the IOEE covers opto-electronic instruments, precision metrology and measurement, modern optical information processing, the theory and components of binary optics, and the birefringent frequency-splitting lasers. Several famous scientists work in the IOEE, including Professor Guofan Jin, an academician of the Chinese Academy of Engineering, and Professor Kegong zhao, formerly the president of the Chinese National Institute of Metrology.[162][163]

The Institute of Instrument Science and Technology

The Institute of Instrument Science and Technology is the most important institute in the State Key Laboratory of Precision Measuring Technology and Instrument Science at Tsinghua University. The institute is equipped with advanced instruments and facilities, and its research has included every major area in modern instrument science and technology. Up to 2012, the institute have produced over 1500 publications, more than 100 patents, and acquired many significant awards.[164]

The Engineering Research Center for Navigation Technology

The Engineering Research Center for Navigation Technology is a relatively young institute in the Department of Precision Instrument which was established in 2000, with the intention to "[pursue] excellence in the research and development in the field of high-accuracy inertial instruments and navigation technology, as well as in MEMS inertial sensor fields, and to provide advanced training for future scientists and engineers in the field of inertial technology." Its research interests cover high-accuracy inertial instruments and navigation technology, MEMS inertial sensors and systems, and precise electro-mechanical control systems and their application. As of 2012, the area of the center is 2900 square meters, including approximately 550 square meters of clean rooms. Equipment and instruments in this center are worth over 50 million RMB (US$7.56 million).[165][failed verification]

The Center for Photonics and Electronics

The center for Photonics and Electronics works on advanced laser and photonic technology. It houses 200 square meters of clean rooms and very modern laser instruments and equipment. The research of this Center covers solid-state laser technology, fiber laser technology, active optics technology, and laser detection technology. The center has published more than published more than 100 scientific papers including 40 indexed by SCI, has 18 national patents, and also frequently exchange visits and academic conferences with foreign scholars.[166]

The State Key Laboratory of Tribology

Under the authorization of China's State Planning Commission and Ministry of Education, the State Key Laboratory of Tribology (SKLT) was established in November, 1988. The present director of the SKLT is Professor Yonggang Meng, and the present chair of the Academic Committee of the SKLT is Professor Jue Zhong, who is also a member of Chinese Academy of Engineering.[citation needed]

The SKLT has one central laboratory and four sub-laboratories. It has been awarded numerous awards, including "two National Natural Science Awards, two National Invention Awards, one National Award for Science and Technology Progress, two National Excellent Science Book Awards, 25 awards from ministries or provinces of China, Edmond E. Bisson Award in 2003 from STLE, the 2008 PE Publishing Prize by the Editor and Editorial Board of the Journal of Engineering Tribology." Moreover, China's Ministry of Education recognized the SKLT as one of the creative groups in 2005, and the National Natural Science Foundation of China recognized the SKLT as one of the creative research groups in 2007.[167][168] The TRibology Science Fund of the Key Laboratory of Tribology cooperates with National Natural Science Foundation of China in founding research projects in various applied sciences and technologies.[169][170][171]

The State Key Laboratory of Precision Measurement Technology and Instruments

Established in 1995, The State Key Laboratory of Precision Measurement Technology and Instruments is a joint laboratory of Tsinghua University and Tianjin University. It is a national key laboratory with two recognized national first-level key disciplines and their second-class disciplines. The research of The State Key Laboratory of Precision Measurement Technology and Instruments can be categorized into four major parts: laser and optoelectric measurement technology, sensing and information measurement technology, micro- and nano- measurement and fabrication technology, and quality control in manufacturing technology.[172][failed verification]

The Key Laboratory of High-accuracy Inertial Instrument and System

The Key Laboratory of High-accuracy Inertial Instrument and System was established with the intention to support the research in the Engineering Research Center for Navigation Technology. Since its establishment, it has won 5 provincial and ministerial level scientific awards.[173][failed verification]

Education edit

Currently, there are two disciplines in the Department of Precision Instrument: the discipline of the instrumental science and technology of precision instrument and mechanology and the discipline of optical engineering.[159][174]

There are six teaching laboratories or centers which serve significant roles in undergraduate and graduate education in the Department of Precision Instrument. They are:

  1. The Teaching Lab of Manufacturing Engineering
  2. The CAD Teaching Centre
  3. The Engineering Graphics Teaching Laboratory
  4. The Creative Machine Design Teaching Laboratory
  5. The Experimentation Teaching Center for Measurement and Control Technology
  6. The Teaching Laboratory of Optics and Length Measurement[175][176]

The department provides more than 40 courses of the undergraduate level and 25 courses of the graduate level.[177]

School of Life Sciences edit

School of Life Sciences was first established in 1926 under the name Department of Biology.[178][179][180] Botanist Qian Chongshu took up the first dean.[181]

 
Old building of the School of Life Sciences, the Tsinghua Biology Hall

During the nationwide reorganization of universities in the early 1950s, the Department of Biology was merged into other universities, namely Peking University etc., resulting in a vacancy in the field of biological research in Tsinghua for almost 30 years.[182]

In June 1984, decisions were made about the reestablishment of the Department of Biology, and the department officially reopened in September. During the reestablishment the Department of Biology of Peking University, the Institute of Biophysics of Chinese Academy of Sciences, and many other institutes as well as biologists provided valuable support and help. The department changed its name to the current name in September 2009. As of 2013, structural biologist and foreign associate of National Academy of Sciences of United States[183] Dr. Wang Hongwei (王宏伟) is the current dean of School of Life Sciences. The school currently has 129 professors and employees, around 600 undergraduates (including the candidates of Tsinghua University – Peking Union Medical College joint MD program).[184]

Peking Union Medical College edit

Main article: Peking Union Medical College
 
The Tsinghua Bell

The Peking Union Medical College was established in 1917 by the Rockefeller Foundation and was modeled on the US medical education system. Tsinghua first established its medical school in 2001 and in 2006, Tsinghua's medical school merged with the Peking Union Medical College renaming it "Peking Union Medical College, Tsinghua University". The school remains the top ranked medical school and general hospital in China according to CUCAS in 2015.[185] The Peking Union Medical College is also the only medical school to be affiliated with the Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences. It runs one of the most competitive medical programs in the country, accepting 90 students a year into its 8-year MD program. Students in the 8-year program spend 2.5 years at Tsinghua studying premedical education before moving onto Peking Union Medical College to complete the last 5.5 years in clinical medicine, basic medical education and research.[186]

School of Economics and Management edit

Main article: Tsinghua University School of Economics and Management

The School of Economics and Management dates back to 1926, when Tsinghua University established its Faculty of Economics.[37]

School of Journalism and Communication edit

The Tsinghua School of Journalism and Communication (TSJC) was established in April 2002. Its predecessor was Communication Studies in the Department of Chinese Language and Literature and its establishment of coincides with the development of media increasingly influencing world affairs in a time of fast-growing globalization. The school's research fields include International Communication, Film and Television Studies, New Media Studies, Media Operation and Management, and Business Journalism and are based on comprehensive academic research in journalism and communication theories. The objective of the school is to bring full advantage of Tsinghua University's comprehensive academic structure to Chinese and international media, to construct a first-rate discipline in journalism and communication studies, to cultivate talented professionals in the field and to explore advanced concepts in journalism and communication. The school also offers a two-year graduate program in international business journalism, sponsored by Bloomberg L.P. and the International Center for Journalists (ICFJ), that trains talented students and media professionals from around the globe in financial media and corporate communication.[187]

The school has five research-oriented centers to organize and conduct academic research activities. They are: Center for International Communications Studies, Center for New Media Studies, Center for Film and Television Studies, Center for Media Management Studies and Center for Cultural Industry Studies.[187]

School of Law edit

 
The Law Library at the Tsinghua University, a branch library of the Tsinghua University Library system

The legal studies at Tsinghua University can be dated back to the "Tsinghua College" era (1911–1929), where many students were sent to universities in western countries for legal studies. Graduating from institutions such as Columbia, Yale, and Harvard, those Tsinghua alumni have played an important role in areas of law and diplomacy. Famous legal scholars Tuan-Sheng Ch'ien,[188] Yan Shutang (燕树棠), Wang Huacheng (王化成), Kung Chuan Hsiao (萧公权),[189] Pu Xuefeng (浦薛凤), Mei Ju'ao (梅汝璈),[190] Xiang Zhejun (向哲浚) and diplomat Tang Yueliang (唐悦良)[191] are all graduates from Tsinghua College or went to study abroad after passing exams in Tsinghua College.[citation needed]

Tsinghua University School of Law was established in 1929 after Tsinghua College was renamed Tsinghua University. Legal education in Tsinghua University at the time focused on international affairs and Chinese legal studies. Courses on political science and economics could also be found on students' curriculum. Before the Japanese army invaded Beijing in 1937, the School of Law developed greatly. Many Chinese legal scholars graduated during that era, including Wang Tieya (王铁崖), Gong Xiangrui (龚祥瑞) and Lou Bangyan (楼邦彦).[192]

In 1952, in response to the government policy of turning Tsinghua University into an engineering-focused university, the law school was dismissed; the faculty were appointed to other universities, including Peking University and Peking College of Political Science and Law (the predecessor of China University of Political Science and Law).[193] Until 1995, there was no formal "school of law" at Tsinghua University, yet courses on law were still taught in Tsinghua University from the early 1980s.[194]

On September 8, 1995, the Tsinghua University Department of Law was formally re-established; on April 25, 1999, the 88th anniversary of Tsinghua University, the university formally changed the department into the "School of Law". The "new" law school inherited the spirit of the "old" law school and has endeavored to add international factors to its students' curriculum. Due to its outstanding faculty members and students, the Tsinghua University School of Law has risen to become one of the leading law schools in China and since 2011,[195] has been consistently ranked as the best or the second-best law school in mainland China by QS World University Rankings.[196]

Graduate School at Shenzhen edit

Main article: Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School
 
A main building that was built in the 1950s

The Graduate School at Shenzhen was jointly founded by Tsinghua University and the Shenzhen Municipal Government. The school is directly affiliated with Tsinghua University in Beijing. The campus is located in the University Town of Shenzhen since 18 October 2003.[197] The Graduate School at Shenzhen, Tsinghua University, was jointly founded by Tsinghua University and the Shenzhen Municipal Government for cultivating top level professionals and carrying out scientific and technological innovations.[198][199][200] The academic divisions are the following:

  • Division of Life Science and Health
  • Division of Energy and Environment
  • Division of Information Science and Technology
  • Division of Logistics and Transportation
  • Division of Advanced Manufacturing
  • Division of Social Sciences and Management
  • Division of Ocean Science and Technology[201][202]

Campus edit

 
The Second Gate is a landmark on the Tsinghua University campus
 
The Mechanical Engineering Hall

The campus of Tsinghua University is located in northwest Beijing, in the Haidian district,[203][204] which was designated for universities and other academic institutes.[citation needed]

It is located on the former site of Qing dynasty royal gardens and retains Chinese-style landscaping as well as traditional buildings, but many of its buildings are also in the Western-style, reflecting the American influence in its history. Along with its rival and neighbor the Peking University, it is known throughout China and the wider world for having one of the most beautiful campuses.[citation needed] Tsinghua University's campus was named one of the most beautiful college campuses in the world by a panel of architects and campus designers in Forbes in 2010;[205] it was the only university in Asia on the list.[206][207]

Numerous architects were involved in the designing of buildings on the campus. American architect Henry Killam Murphy (1877–1954), a Yale graduate, designed early buildings such as the Grand Auditorium, the Roosevelt Memorial Gymnasium, the Science Building and the east side of the Old Library.[208] Yang Tingbao designed the Observatory, the Life Sciences building, the Mingzhai of the student dormitory buildings and the middle and west side of the Old Library. Shen Liyuan designed the Mechanical Engineering Hall, the Chemistry Hall and the Aviation Hall. T. Chuang, a 1914 graduate of the University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign, helped design the campus grounds of the Tsinghua University with influences of Neoclassical and Palladian architectural styles and architectures.[209] Other notable 20th-century Chinese architects such as Li Daozeng, Zhou Weiquan, Wang Guoyu and Guan Zhaoye have all designed various buildings on the Tsinghua University campus.

The university's Institute of Nuclear and New Energy Technology is on a separate campus in a northern suburb of Beijing.[210]

The Tsinghua History Museum covers a construction area of 5,060 m2.[211] A collection of old documents, pictures, artworks, maps, graphics, videos and music tells the visitors the history of Tsinghua University. The exhibition also pays tribute to the people who contributed to the development of the institution.

  •  
    Entrance to "工 Shape Hall", the former Qing Prince's Mansion and the current office of the president
  •  
    Sculptural artworks on the campus
  •  
    Tsinghua campus scenery
  •  
    A teaching and protected heritage building (the former Tsinghua College)
  •  
    The Old Library building of the Tsinghua University Library
  •  
    A Qing dynasty Jinchun Garden on the Tsinghua University campus
  •  
    A pathway in the campus
  •  
    Zeng Xianzi Building
  •  
    The old Science Building
  •  
    A building from the old student dormitory
  •  
    The Shengyinyuan, built in 1946, contains numerous residential houses for the faculty
  •  
    Hydraulic Experiment Hall
  •  
    The old Electrical Engineering Hall
  •  
    The old Chemistry Hall

Notable people edit

Main article: People associated with Tsinghua University

Notable alumni edit

Tsinghua University has produced many notable graduates, especially in political sphere, academic field and industry.[212] Forbes has referred to Tsinghua as China's "power factory", citing the amount of senior Chinese politicians the university has produced.[213]

 
President of China Xi Jinping (Chemical Engineering 1979)
 
Former president of China Hu Jintao (Engineering)
 
Former premier of China Zhu Rongji

Notable alumni who have held senior positions in Chinese politics include current general secretary and president of China, Xi Jinping,[214] former general secretary and president of China Hu Jintao,[215] former chairman of the National People's Congress Wu Bangguo,[216] former premier Zhu Rongji,[217] and the former first vice premier Huang Ju.[218] This also includes politicians like Wu Guanzheng,[219] former governor of the People's Bank of China Zhou Xiaochuan,[220] former minister of finance Lou Jiwei,[221] general Sun Li-jen, Liang Qichao,[222] and more. Since 2016, Tsinghua graduates who have political prominence are disproportionately greater in number than graduates of other famous universities.[223]

Notable alumni in the sciences include Nobel laureate Yang Chen Ning,[224] who was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics for his work with Tsung-Dao Lee on parity nonconservation of weak interaction; mathematician and winner of the Wolf Prize in Mathematics Shiing-Shen Chern,[225] biologist Min Chueh Chang,[226] theoretical physicist Zhou Peiyuan, astronomer Zhang Yuzhe, Leslie Ying, professor at the University at Buffalo and Editor-in-Chief of IEEE Transactions on Medical Imaging,[227] James G. Dwyer Professor of Mechanical Engineering Qingyan Chen,[228] architect and general director at the Beijing branch of the ISA Internationales Stadtbauatelier Yajin Zhang,[229] Jianhua Lu,[230] anthropologist Fei Xiaotong, sociologist and ethnologist Wu Wenzao, political scientist K. C. Hsiao,[231] and Pan Guangdan.

Tsinghua is known for having educated the most billionaires of any university in China, and since 2017 counts 152 billionaires amongst its alumni.[232] These include billionaires Sun Hongbin (real estate),[233] chairman of Goertek Jiang Bin (components),[234] Xu Hang (medical devices),[235] and Zhang Zetian (e-commerce),[236] among others.

Notable alumni in the arts and poetry include author Qian Zhongshu,[237] Wen Yiduo, painter Xinyi Cheng, historian and poet Wang Guowei, Chen Yinke, and architect Xu Tiantian.[222]

Tsinghua clique edit

Main article: Tsinghua clique

The term Tsinghua clique refers to a group of Chinese Communist Party politicians that have graduated from Tsinghua University. They are members of the fourth generation of Chinese leadership, and are purported to hold reformist and hesitantly pro-democratic ideas (a number have studied in the United States following graduation from Tsinghua, and some are said to be influenced by the reform ideals of Hu Yaobang). In the PRC, their ascendance to power began in 2008 at the 17th National Congress of the Chinese Communist Party.[238]

See also edit

Note edit

  1. ^ Purple represents the college without an undergraduate.

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  • Tsinghua University
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February 15, 2024
tsinghua, university, university, based, hsinchu, city, taiwan, national, tsing, university, 清华大学, public, university, haidian, beijing, china, affiliated, with, funded, ministry, education, china, university, part, project, project, double, first, class, cons. For the university based in Hsinchu City Taiwan see National Tsing Hua University Tsinghua University 清华大学 is a public university in Haidian Beijing China It is affiliated with and funded by the Ministry of Education of China The university is part of Project 211 Project 985 and the Double First Class Construction It is also a member of the C9 League Tsinghua University清华大学Seal of Tsinghua UniversityMotto自强不息 厚德载物 1 Motto in EnglishSelf Discipline and Social Commitment 2 TypePublicEstablished1911 113 years ago 1911 Endowment 6 billion 2023 PresidentWang XiqinParty SecretaryQiu YongAcademic staff3 565 3 Administrative staff4 101 citation needed Students50 390 4 Undergraduates16 030 4 Postgraduates18 610 4 Doctoral students15 750 4 LocationHaidian Beijing China40 00 00 N 116 19 36 E 40 00000 N 116 32667 E 40 00000 116 32667Campus395 hectares 980 acres 3 FlowerRedbud and Lilac 5 Colors Purple White 6 7 AffiliationsC9 AUA AEARU APRU BHUA CDIOWebsitetsinghua edu cn tsinghua edu cn enChinese nameSimplified Chinese清华大学Traditional Chinese清華大學TranscriptionsStandard MandarinHanyu PinyinQinghua DaxueGwoyeu RomatzyhChinghwa DahshyueWade GilesCh ing1 hua2 Ta4 hsueh2IPA tɕʰi ŋ xwa ta ɕɥe Yue CantoneseYale RomanizationChing waah Daaih hohkJyutpingCing1 waa4 Daai6 hok6IPA tsʰeŋ waː taːi hɔːk Tsinghua University s campus is situated in northwest Beijing on the site of the former imperial gardens of the Qing dynasty Currently the university has 21 schools and 59 departments with faculties in science engineering humanities law medicine history philosophy economics management education and art 8 Contents 1 History 1 1 Early 20th century 1911 1949 1 2 Later 20th century post 1949 1 3 21st century 2 Academics 2 1 Admissions 2 2 Research 2 3 Rankings and reputation 2 3 1 General Ranking 2 3 2 Research Performance 2 3 3 Subjects Rankings 2 4 List of university departments and institutions 2 5 Department of Electrical Engineering 2 6 Department of Industrial Engineering 2 7 Department of Mathematical Sciences 2 8 Department of Precision Instrument 2 8 1 Research 2 8 2 Education 2 9 School of Life Sciences 2 10 Peking Union Medical College 2 11 School of Economics and Management 2 12 School of Journalism and Communication 2 13 School of Law 2 14 Graduate School at Shenzhen 3 Campus 4 Notable people 4 1 Notable alumni 4 2 Tsinghua clique 5 See also 6 Note 7 References 8 External linksHistory edit nbsp The inscription at the entrance of Tsinghua Garden The garden is among the oldest components of the campus of Tsinghua University nbsp A glimpse of Xichun Garden a Qing dynasty garden on Tsinghua University campus nbsp Built in 1917 the Grand Auditorium with its Jeffersonian architectural design is a centerpiece of the old campusMain article History of Tsinghua University Further information Boxer Indemnity Scholarship Program Early 20th century 1911 1949 edit Tsinghua University was established in Beijing during a tumultuous period of national upheaval and conflicts with foreign powers which culminated in the Boxer Rebellion an uprising against foreign influence in China After the suppression of the revolt by a foreign alliance including the United States the ruling Qing dynasty was required to pay indemnities to alliance members United States Secretary of State John Hay suggested that the US 30 million Boxer indemnity allotted to the United States was excessive After much negotiation with Qing ambassador Liang Cheng president of the United States Theodore Roosevelt obtained approval from the United States Congress in 1909 to reduce the indemnity payment by US 10 8 million on the condition that the funds would be used as scholarships for Chinese students to study in the United States 9 10 Using this fund the Tsinghua College 清華學堂 Qinghua Xuetang was established in Beijing on 29 April 1911 on the site of a former royal garden to serve as a preparatory school for students the government planned to send to the United States 11 Faculty members for sciences were recruited by the YMCA from the United States and its graduates transferred directly to American schools as juniors upon graduation citation needed The motto of Tsinghua Self Discipline and Social Commitment was derived from a 1914 speech by prominent scholar and faculty member Liang Qichao in which he quoted the I Ching to describe a notion of the ideal gentleman 12 In 1925 the school established its own four year undergraduate program and started a research institute on Chinese studies 13 14 15 16 17 In 1928 the school changed its name to National Tsinghua University 18 During the Second Sino Japanese War many Chinese universities were forced to evacuate their campuses to avoid the Japanese invasion In 1937 Tsinghua University Peking University and Nankai University merged to form the Changsha Temporary University located in Changsha Hunan The merged university later became the National Southwestern Associated University located in Kunming Yunnan Tsinghua University section of the merged university returned to Beijing at the end of World War II 19 20 21 22 23 Later 20th century post 1949 edit After the end of the Chinese Civil War in 1949 China experienced a communist revolution leading to the creation of the People s Republic of China Tsinghua University s then president Mei Yiqi along with many professors fled to Taiwan with the retreating Nationalist government They established the National Tsing Hua Institute of Nuclear Technology in 1955 which later became the National Tsing Hua University in Taiwan an institution independent and distinct from Tsinghua University 24 25 26 In 1952 the Chinese Communist Party regrouped the country s higher education institutions in an attempt to build a Soviet style system where each institution specialized in a certain field of study such as social sciences or natural sciences 27 Tsinghua University was streamlined into a polytechnic institute with a focus on engineering and the natural sciences 28 In 1953 Tsinghua established a political counselor program becoming the first university to do so following the Ministry of Education s 1952 directive to begin piloting such programs 29 107 As political counselors new graduates who were also Communist Party members worked as political counselors in managing the student body and student organizations often simultaneously serving as Communist Youth League secretaries 29 107 The program was later expanded to other universities following its endorsement by Deng Xiaoping and became further institutionalized across China in the 1990s and 2000s 29 108 During the Third Front construction Tsinghua established a branch in Mianyang Sichuan province 30 From 1966 to 1976 China experienced immense sociopolitical upheaval and instability during the Cultural Revolution Many university students walked out of classrooms at Tsinghua and other institutions and some went on to join the Red Guards resulting in the complete shutdown of the university as faculty were persecuted or otherwise unable to teach 31 32 It was not until 1978 after the Cultural Revolution ended that the university began to take in students and re emerge as a force in Chinese politics and society 33 During the Criticize Lin Criticize Confucius campaign of 1973 to 1976 critique groups formed at Tsinghua and Peking University disseminated commentaries under the pseudonym of Liang Xiao 34 The pseudonym sounds like a person s name but is a homophone for two schools 34 In the 1980s Tsinghua evolved beyond the polytechnic model and incorporated a multidisciplinary system emphasizing collaboration between distinct schools within the broader university environment 35 Under this system several schools have been re incorporated including Tsinghua Law School the School of Economics and Management the School of Sciences the School of Life Sciences the School of Humanities and Social Sciences the School of Public Policy and Management and the Academy of Arts and Design 36 In 1996 the School of Economics and Management established a partnership with the Sloan School of Management at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology One year later Tsinghua and MIT began the MBA program known as the Tsinghua MIT Global MBA 37 In 1998 Tsinghua became the first Chinese university to offer a Master of Laws LLM program in American law through a cooperative venture with the Temple University Beasley School of Law 38 21st century edit Tsinghua alumni include the current General Secretary of the Chinese Communist Party and paramount leader of China Xi Jinping 79 who graduated with a degree in chemical engineering along with the CCP General Secretary and former Paramount Leader of China Hu Jintao 64 who graduated with a degree in hydraulic engineering In addition to its powerful alumni Tsinghua has a reputation for hosting globally prominent guest speakers with international leaders Bill Clinton Tony Blair Henry Kissinger Carlos Ghosn and Henry Paulson having lectured to the university community 39 As of 2018 Tsinghua University consists of 20 schools and 58 university departments 41 research institutes 35 research centers and 167 laboratories including 15 national key laboratories 40 In September 2006 the Peking Union Medical College a renowned medical school was renamed Peking Union Medical College Tsinghua University although it and Tsinghua University are technically separate institutions 41 The university operates the Tsinghua University Press which publishes academic journals textbooks and other scholarly works 42 43 nbsp The traditional He Tang Yue Se moonlit pond is part of the Qing dynasty Prince s Residence and Garden located on the grounds of Tsinghua UniversityThrough its constituent colleges graduate and professional schools and other institutes Tsinghua University offers more than 82 bachelor s degree programs 80 master s degree programs and 90 PhD programs 44 45 In 2014 Tsinghua established Xinya College a residential liberal arts college as a pilot project to reform undergraduate education at the university Modeled after universities in the United States and Europe Xinya combines general and professional education in a liberal arts tradition featuring a core curriculum of Chinese and Western literature and civilization studies and required courses in physical education and foreign languages Furthermore while most Tsinghua undergraduates must choose a specific major upon entrance Xinya students declare their majors at the end of freshman year enabling them to explore several different fields of study 46 In December 2014 Tsinghua University established the Advisory Committee of Undergraduate Curriculum ACUC 47 It became the first student autonomous organization in mainland China for students to participate in the school s management 48 The Tsinghua University Academic Committee which was formally established on July 8 2015 has stipulated in the committee s charter that students should be consulted through the ACUC for resolutions involving undergraduate students 49 From then on Tsinghua commenced a new round of academic reform lasting ever since including establishing GPA grading system 50 adding the writing classes critical thinking classes second foreign languages classes into curriculum 51 requiring undergrads to be able to swim before graduation 52 cooperating with the Peking University on class cross registration to supplement each other s general education curriculum 53 reducing fees on class withdraw transcripts and certificates 54 and adjusting the graduate school co terminal admission policies 55 In 2016 Schwarzman Scholars was established with almost US 400 million endowment by Steven Schwarzman the chairman and CEO of the Blackstone Group and other multinational corporations and global leaders Schwarzman Scholars annually selects 100 200 scholars across the world to enroll in a one year fully funded master s degree leadership program designed to cultivate the next generation of global leaders 40 students are selected from the United States 20 students are selected from China 40 are selected from rest of the world These scholars reside on the university campus at Schwarzman College a residential college built specifically for the program 56 57 In 2016 Tsinghua s expenditures were RMB 13 7 billion US 3 57 billion at purchasing power parity the largest budget of any university in China 58 According to a 2018 Financial Times report Tsinghua University has been linked to cyber espionage 59 In 2024 Tsinghua announced that its office of the university president had merged into the university s Chinese Communist Party committee which would directly administer the university henceforth 60 Academics editTsinghua University engages in extensive research and offers 51 bachelor s degree programs 139 master s degree programs and 107 doctoral programs through 20 colleges and 57 departments covering a broad range of subjects 61 including science engineering arts and literature social sciences law medicine 62 Along with its membership in the C9 League Tsinghua University affiliations include the Association of Pacific Rim Universities 63 a group of 50 leading Asian and American universities Washington University in St Louis s McDonnell International Scholars Academy a group of 35 premier global universities 64 and the Association of East Asian Research Universities a 17 member research collaboration network of top regional institutions 65 Tsinghua is an associate member of the Consortium Linking Universities of Science and Technology for Education and Research CLUSTER 66 Tsinghua is a member of a Low Carbon Energy University Alliance LCEUA together with the University of Cambridge and the Massachusetts Institute of Technology MIT 67 68 Admissions edit Admission to Tsinghua for both undergraduate and graduate schools is extremely competitive Undergraduate admissions for domestic students is decided through the gaokao the Chinese national college entrance exam which allows students to list Tsinghua University among their preferred college choices While selectivity varies by province the sheer number of high school students applying for college each year has resulted in overall acceptance rates far lower than 0 1 of all test takers 69 Admission to Tsinghua s graduate schools is also very competitive Only about 16 of MBA applicants are admitted each year 70 Research edit Research at Tsinghua University is mainly supported by government funding from national programs and special projects In the areas of science and technology funding from these sources totals over 20 billion yuan which subsidizes more than 1 400 projects every year conducted by the university With the prospective increase of state investment in science and technology research at Tsinghua is projected to receive more financial support from the state 71 Each year the university hosts the Intellectual Property Summer Institute in cooperation with Franklin Pierce Law Center of Concord New Hampshire 72 The scientific research institutions in Tsinghua University are divided into three categories including government approved institutions institutions independently established by the university and institutions jointly established by the university and independent legal entities outside the university As of December 31 2022 Tsinghua University has 428 university level scientific research institutions in operation 73 Rankings and reputation edit General Ranking edit University rankingsGlobal OverallARWU World 74 22 2023 QS World 75 25 2024 QS Employability 76 6 2022 THE World 77 12 2024 THE Reputation 78 8 2023 USNWR Global 79 23 2022 23 Regional OverallARWU Asia 80 1 2023 QS Asia 81 3 2023 QS BRICS 82 1 2019 THE Asia 83 1 2023 THE Emerging Economies 84 2 2022 USNWR Asia 85 1 2022 23 National OverallBCUR National 86 1 2023 QS National 87 1 2019 THE National 88 1 2023 USNWR National 89 1 2022 23 Tsinghua University is consistently ranked among the top universities in the Asia Pacific according to major international university rankings 90 91 92 93 94 Tsinghua University ranked No 1 in China the whole of Asia Oceania region and emerging countries according to the Times Higher Education 90 95 96 with its industry income research and teaching performance indicator placed at 1st 4th and 9th respectively in the world 97 Internationally Tsinghua was regarded as the most reputable Chinese university by the Times Higher Education World Reputation Rankings where it has ranked 8th globally and 1st in the Asia Pacific 98 Tsinghua University ranked 10 among Global Innovative Universities according to the World s Universities with Real Impact WURI 2020 ranking released by United Nations Institute for Training and Research UNITAR 99 100 Since 2013 Tsinghua also topped the newly created regional QS BRICS University Rankings 101 Tsinghua graduates are highly desired worldwide in the QS Graduate Employability Rankings 2017 Tsinghua was ranked 3rd in the world and 1st in the whole of Afro Eurasia amp Oceania region 102 In 2020 Tsinghua was ranked 15th in the world by QS World University Rankings 92 and ranked 6th globally and 1st in Asia in the QS Graduate Employability Rankings 103 As of 2023 the Academic Ranking of World Universities also known as the Shanghai Ranking placed Tsinghua University 22nd in the world and 1st in Asia amp Oceania region 104 The U S News amp World Report ranked Tsinghua at 1st in the Asia Pacific and 23rd globally in its 2023 Best Global Universities Rankings 93 Tsinghua was the best ranked university in the Asia Pacific and the 17th worldwide in 2023 in terms of aggregate performance THE ARWU QS as reported by the Aggregate Ranking of Top Universities 105 Research Performance edit As of 2021 it ranked 3rd among the universities around the world by SCImago Institutions Rankings 106 The Nature Index 2022 Annual Tables by Nature Research ranked Tsinghua 7th among the leading universities globally for the high quality of research publications in natural science 107 For sciences in general the 2023 CWTS Leiden Ranking ranked Tsinghua University 3rd in the world after Harvard and Stanford based on the number of their scientific publications belonging to the top 1 in their fields 108 In November 2023 Clarivate Analytics ranked Tsinghua second in the whole of Afro Eurasia amp Oceania region after Chinese Academy of Sciences CAS and 5th in the world after CAS Harvard Stanford and National Institutes of Health for most cited researchers 109 Subjects Rankings edit Tsinghua University ranked 10th globally first in the Asia amp Oceania region 110 and it ranked first globally in 13 fields including Artificial Intelligence Chemical Engineering Energy amp Fuels Electrical amp Electronics Engineering Engineering Environmental Engineering Information amp Computing Sciences Materials Engineering Mechanical Engineering Nanoscience amp Nanomaterials Robotics amp Intelligent Systems Sustainable amp Renewable Energy and Technology by the University Ranking by Academic Performance 111 Tsinghua is ranked 1st in the Asia amp Oceania region and 14th globally by the Performance Ranking of Scientific Papers for World Universities with specific fields and subjects ranked number one globally including Chemical Engineering Chemistry Civil Engineering Computer Science Electrical Engineering Material Science and Physics 112 113 As of 2021 it ranked 6th globally in Education 7th in Clinical pre clinical and Health 11th in Business and Economics 12th in Computer Science 13th in Life Science 17th in Engineering and Technology 18th in Physical Science 33th in Social Science 37th in Law and 40th in Arts and Humanities by the Times Higher Education Rankings by Subjects which are historical strengths for Tsinghua 114 115 Since 2015 Tsinghua University has overtaken the Massachusetts Institute of Technology to top the list of Best Global Universities for Engineering published by the U S News amp World Report and as of 2021 is also ranked number one globally in Chemical Engineering Computer Science Engineering Electrical and Electronic Engineering and Energy and Fuels 116 117 As of 2021 the U S News amp World Report placed Chemical Engineering Chemistry Civil Engineering Computer Science Condensed Matter Physics Electrical and Electronic Engineering Energy and Fuels Engineering Environment Ecology Material Science Mechanical Engineering Nanoscience and Nanotechnology Physical Chemistry and Physics at Tsinghua in the global Top 10 universities 118 In the ARWU s Global Ranking of Academic Subjects 2020 Tsinghua ranks in the world s top five universities in Telecommunication Engineering Instruments Science amp Technology Civil Engineering Chemical Engineering Mechanical Engineering Nanoscience amp Nanotechnology Energy Science amp Engineering and Transportation Science amp Technology and falls within the global top 10 for Electrical amp Electronic Engineering Computer Science amp Engineering Materials Science amp Engineering Environmental Science amp Engineering and Water Resources 119 List of university departments and institutions edit School Department BuildingHumanities 120 121 122 123 Chinese Language and Literature Xin ZhaiPhilosophyHistory Text north floorForeign Languages and Literatures Wennan floorHistory of Science Meng Minwei Humanities BuildingSocial Sciences 124 125 126 127 Sociology Xiong Zhixing BuildingPsychology Weiqing HousePolitical Science Ming ZhaiInternational RelationsInstitute of EconomicsInstitute of Science Technology and SocietyEconomics and Management Accounting Weilun Building 128 EconomicsFinanceMarketingManagement Science and EngineeringInnovation and EntrepreneurshipInformation Science and Technology 129 130 131 132 Electronic Engineering Rohm BuildingMicroelectronics and Nanoelectronics East Main Building of Tsinghua UniversityComputer Science and TechnologySoftwareAutomation Main Building of Tsinghua UniversityResearch Institute of Information Technology Information Science and Technology BuildingInstitute for Network Sciences and Cyberspace 133 Information Science and Technology Building 134 135 Tsinghua University PBC School of Finance School Department BuildingAcademy of Arts and Design 136 Art History Art college buildingIndustrial DesignEnvironmental Art DesignCeramic DesignVisual Communication DesignTextile and Fashion DesignInformation Art and DesignArt and CraftsPaintingSculptureSciences 137 138 Mathematical Sciences Science Building 139 140 PhysicsChemistry Ho Tim BuildingEarth System Science Meng Minwei Technology BuildingCivil Engineering 141 142 Civil Engineering Ho Sin Hang BuildingConstruction ManagementHydraulic Engineering New Hydraulic museumEnvironment Environmental Engineering Environmental energy saving building 143 Environmental SciencesEnvironmental Planning and ManagementJournalism and Communication 144 Omnicom BuildingLaw 145 Ming Li BuildingElectrical Engineering 146 Main Building of Tsinghua UniversitySchool of Public Policy and Management note 1 147 Wu Shunde Building 141 School Department BuildingAerospace Engineering 148 Aeronautical and Astronautical Engineering Meng Minwei Technology BuildingEngineering MechanicsMechanical Engineering 141 149 150 151 Mechanical Engineering Lee Shau Kee Technology BuildingPrecision Instrument Zeng Xianzi HousePrecision Instrument Power Machinery MuseumAutomotive Engineering Automotive BuildingIndustrial Engineering Shunde BuildingMedicine Basic Medical Sciences Medical Science Building 152 153 Biomedical EngineeringClinical MedicineResearch Center for Public HealthPharmaceutical SciencesArchitecture 141 Architecture Leung Kui Ju MuseumUrban Planning and DesignBuilding ScienceLandscape ArchitectureInstitute for Interdisciplinary Information Sciences 154 Information Science and Technology BuildingMaterials Science and Engineering 155 Yifu Technology Science BuildingLife Sciences 156 Life Science MuseumEngineering Physics Liu Qing Building 141 Chemical Engineering Yingshi Building 141 Marxism 157 Shan Zhai Department of Electrical Engineering edit The department of electrical engineering at Tsinghua University plays a pioneer role in state power grid of China The research focus of the department include following areas Power System and its Automation Security stability control and marketization of power systems High Voltage and Insulation Technique High voltage insulation over voltage and its protection electromagnetic compatibility equipment detection and high voltage measurement Electric Machines and Electric Apparatus Large scale machines special machines motor systems in electrical vehicles machine protection high voltage switchgear Power Electronics and Electrical Drive Basic theory and topology research in power systems and industrial application flexible AC transmission system electrical machine drive and control interface and application of renewable energy system power quality Theory and New Technology of Electrical Engineering Basic theory of electromagnetic field and its numerical calculation electromagnetic measurement wireless transmission of power energy fault diagnosis based on electromagnetic theory Department of Industrial Engineering edit Department of Industrial Engineering Tsinghua IE has three institutes 158 Operations Research amp Data Science System Operation and Digital Management Human Factors and Human System InteractionThe Department also operates two university level multi disciplinary application oriented institutes or centers 158 Institute of Quality and Reliability Established jointly by Tsinghua University and State Administration for Market Regulation Institute of Industrial Culture Established jointly by Tsinghua University and Ministry of Industry and Information Technology Center for Smart Logistics and Supply Chain Management Established jointly by Tsinghua University and Jiaozhou City at Qingdao City Shandong Province Department of Mathematical Sciences edit The Department of Mathematical Sciences DMS was established in 1927 In 1952 Tsinghua DMS was merged with the Peking University Department of Mathematical Sciences Then in 1979 it was renamed Department of Applied Mathematics and renamed again in 1999 to its current title Tsinghua DMS has three institutes at present the institute of Pure Mathematics which has 27 faculty members the Institute of Applied Mathematics and Probability and Statistics which has 27 faculty members and the Institute of Computational Mathematics and Operations Research which has 20 faculty members There are currently about 400 undergraduate students and 200 graduate students Department of Precision Instrument edit The Department of Precision Instrument was called the Department of Precision Instrument and Machine Manufacturing in 1960 when it was separated out from the Department of Machine Manufacturing to be an independent department Later in 1971 it was renamed the Department of Precision Instrument 159 The mission of the Department of Precision Instrument at Tsinghua University as its dean said is supporting the national development and improving the people s well being 160 nbsp A footpath in the universityResearch edit Research in the Department of Precision Instrument is divided to four main parts led by its four research institutes the Institute of Opto electronic Engineering the Institute of Instrument Science and Technology the Engineering Research Center for Navigation Technology and the Center for Photonics and Electronics 161 At the same time the Department of Precision Instrument has three key laboratories the State Key Laboratory of Tribology the State Key Laboratory of Precision Measurement Technology and Instruments and the Key Laboratory of High accuracy Inertial Instrument and System It also has two national engineering research centers which are the National Engineering Research Center of Optical Disk and the CIMS National Engineering Research Center 159 The Institute of Opto electronic EngineeringThe Institute of Opto electronic Engineering IOEE was established in 1958 It obtained the Chinese government s authorization to offer PhD program in 1981 and the approval to build the post doctoral research site in 1988 The research of the IOEE covers opto electronic instruments precision metrology and measurement modern optical information processing the theory and components of binary optics and the birefringent frequency splitting lasers Several famous scientists work in the IOEE including Professor Guofan Jin an academician of the Chinese Academy of Engineering and Professor Kegong zhao formerly the president of the Chinese National Institute of Metrology 162 163 The Institute of Instrument Science and TechnologyThe Institute of Instrument Science and Technology is the most important institute in the State Key Laboratory of Precision Measuring Technology and Instrument Science at Tsinghua University The institute is equipped with advanced instruments and facilities and its research has included every major area in modern instrument science and technology Up to 2012 the institute have produced over 1500 publications more than 100 patents and acquired many significant awards 164 The Engineering Research Center for Navigation TechnologyThe Engineering Research Center for Navigation Technology is a relatively young institute in the Department of Precision Instrument which was established in 2000 with the intention to pursue excellence in the research and development in the field of high accuracy inertial instruments and navigation technology as well as in MEMS inertial sensor fields and to provide advanced training for future scientists and engineers in the field of inertial technology Its research interests cover high accuracy inertial instruments and navigation technology MEMS inertial sensors and systems and precise electro mechanical control systems and their application As of 2012 the area of the center is 2900 square meters including approximately 550 square meters of clean rooms Equipment and instruments in this center are worth over 50 million RMB US 7 56 million 165 failed verification The Center for Photonics and ElectronicsThe center for Photonics and Electronics works on advanced laser and photonic technology It houses 200 square meters of clean rooms and very modern laser instruments and equipment The research of this Center covers solid state laser technology fiber laser technology active optics technology and laser detection technology The center has published more than published more than 100 scientific papers including 40 indexed by SCI has 18 national patents and also frequently exchange visits and academic conferences with foreign scholars 166 The State Key Laboratory of TribologyUnder the authorization of China s State Planning Commission and Ministry of Education the State Key Laboratory of Tribology SKLT was established in November 1988 The present director of the SKLT is Professor Yonggang Meng and the present chair of the Academic Committee of the SKLT is Professor Jue Zhong who is also a member of Chinese Academy of Engineering citation needed The SKLT has one central laboratory and four sub laboratories It has been awarded numerous awards including two National Natural Science Awards two National Invention Awards one National Award for Science and Technology Progress two National Excellent Science Book Awards 25 awards from ministries or provinces of China Edmond E Bisson Award in 2003 from STLE the 2008 PE Publishing Prize by the Editor and Editorial Board of the Journal of Engineering Tribology Moreover China s Ministry of Education recognized the SKLT as one of the creative groups in 2005 and the National Natural Science Foundation of China recognized the SKLT as one of the creative research groups in 2007 167 168 The TRibology Science Fund of the Key Laboratory of Tribology cooperates with National Natural Science Foundation of China in founding research projects in various applied sciences and technologies 169 170 171 The State Key Laboratory of Precision Measurement Technology and InstrumentsEstablished in 1995 The State Key Laboratory of Precision Measurement Technology and Instruments is a joint laboratory of Tsinghua University and Tianjin University It is a national key laboratory with two recognized national first level key disciplines and their second class disciplines The research of The State Key Laboratory of Precision Measurement Technology and Instruments can be categorized into four major parts laser and optoelectric measurement technology sensing and information measurement technology micro and nano measurement and fabrication technology and quality control in manufacturing technology 172 failed verification The Key Laboratory of High accuracy Inertial Instrument and SystemThe Key Laboratory of High accuracy Inertial Instrument and System was established with the intention to support the research in the Engineering Research Center for Navigation Technology Since its establishment it has won 5 provincial and ministerial level scientific awards 173 failed verification Education edit Currently there are two disciplines in the Department of Precision Instrument the discipline of the instrumental science and technology of precision instrument and mechanology and the discipline of optical engineering 159 174 There are six teaching laboratories or centers which serve significant roles in undergraduate and graduate education in the Department of Precision Instrument They are The Teaching Lab of Manufacturing Engineering The CAD Teaching Centre The Engineering Graphics Teaching Laboratory The Creative Machine Design Teaching Laboratory The Experimentation Teaching Center for Measurement and Control Technology The Teaching Laboratory of Optics and Length Measurement 175 176 The department provides more than 40 courses of the undergraduate level and 25 courses of the graduate level 177 School of Life Sciences edit School of Life Sciences was first established in 1926 under the name Department of Biology 178 179 180 Botanist Qian Chongshu took up the first dean 181 nbsp Old building of the School of Life Sciences the Tsinghua Biology HallDuring the nationwide reorganization of universities in the early 1950s the Department of Biology was merged into other universities namely Peking University etc resulting in a vacancy in the field of biological research in Tsinghua for almost 30 years 182 In June 1984 decisions were made about the reestablishment of the Department of Biology and the department officially reopened in September During the reestablishment the Department of Biology of Peking University the Institute of Biophysics of Chinese Academy of Sciences and many other institutes as well as biologists provided valuable support and help The department changed its name to the current name in September 2009 As of 2013 structural biologist and foreign associate of National Academy of Sciences of United States 183 Dr Wang Hongwei 王宏伟 is the current dean of School of Life Sciences The school currently has 129 professors and employees around 600 undergraduates including the candidates of Tsinghua University Peking Union Medical College joint MD program 184 Peking Union Medical College edit Main article Peking Union Medical College nbsp The Tsinghua BellThe Peking Union Medical College was established in 1917 by the Rockefeller Foundation and was modeled on the US medical education system Tsinghua first established its medical school in 2001 and in 2006 Tsinghua s medical school merged with the Peking Union Medical College renaming it Peking Union Medical College Tsinghua University The school remains the top ranked medical school and general hospital in China according to CUCAS in 2015 185 The Peking Union Medical College is also the only medical school to be affiliated with the Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences It runs one of the most competitive medical programs in the country accepting 90 students a year into its 8 year MD program Students in the 8 year program spend 2 5 years at Tsinghua studying premedical education before moving onto Peking Union Medical College to complete the last 5 5 years in clinical medicine basic medical education and research 186 School of Economics and Management edit Main article Tsinghua University School of Economics and Management The School of Economics and Management dates back to 1926 when Tsinghua University established its Faculty of Economics 37 School of Journalism and Communication edit The Tsinghua School of Journalism and Communication TSJC was established in April 2002 Its predecessor was Communication Studies in the Department of Chinese Language and Literature and its establishment of coincides with the development of media increasingly influencing world affairs in a time of fast growing globalization The school s research fields include International Communication Film and Television Studies New Media Studies Media Operation and Management and Business Journalism and are based on comprehensive academic research in journalism and communication theories The objective of the school is to bring full advantage of Tsinghua University s comprehensive academic structure to Chinese and international media to construct a first rate discipline in journalism and communication studies to cultivate talented professionals in the field and to explore advanced concepts in journalism and communication The school also offers a two year graduate program in international business journalism sponsored by Bloomberg L P and the International Center for Journalists ICFJ that trains talented students and media professionals from around the globe in financial media and corporate communication 187 The school has five research oriented centers to organize and conduct academic research activities They are Center for International Communications Studies Center for New Media Studies Center for Film and Television Studies Center for Media Management Studies and Center for Cultural Industry Studies 187 School of Law edit nbsp The Law Library at the Tsinghua University a branch library of the Tsinghua University Library systemThe legal studies at Tsinghua University can be dated back to the Tsinghua College era 1911 1929 where many students were sent to universities in western countries for legal studies Graduating from institutions such as Columbia Yale and Harvard those Tsinghua alumni have played an important role in areas of law and diplomacy Famous legal scholars Tuan Sheng Ch ien 188 Yan Shutang 燕树棠 Wang Huacheng 王化成 Kung Chuan Hsiao 萧公权 189 Pu Xuefeng 浦薛凤 Mei Ju ao 梅汝璈 190 Xiang Zhejun 向哲浚 and diplomat Tang Yueliang 唐悦良 191 are all graduates from Tsinghua College or went to study abroad after passing exams in Tsinghua College citation needed Tsinghua University School of Law was established in 1929 after Tsinghua College was renamed Tsinghua University Legal education in Tsinghua University at the time focused on international affairs and Chinese legal studies Courses on political science and economics could also be found on students curriculum Before the Japanese army invaded Beijing in 1937 the School of Law developed greatly Many Chinese legal scholars graduated during that era including Wang Tieya 王铁崖 Gong Xiangrui 龚祥瑞 and Lou Bangyan 楼邦彦 192 In 1952 in response to the government policy of turning Tsinghua University into an engineering focused university the law school was dismissed the faculty were appointed to other universities including Peking University and Peking College of Political Science and Law the predecessor of China University of Political Science and Law 193 Until 1995 there was no formal school of law at Tsinghua University yet courses on law were still taught in Tsinghua University from the early 1980s 194 On September 8 1995 the Tsinghua University Department of Law was formally re established on April 25 1999 the 88th anniversary of Tsinghua University the university formally changed the department into the School of Law The new law school inherited the spirit of the old law school and has endeavored to add international factors to its students curriculum Due to its outstanding faculty members and students the Tsinghua University School of Law has risen to become one of the leading law schools in China and since 2011 195 has been consistently ranked as the best or the second best law school in mainland China by QS World University Rankings 196 Graduate School at Shenzhen edit Main article Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School nbsp A main building that was built in the 1950sThe Graduate School at Shenzhen was jointly founded by Tsinghua University and the Shenzhen Municipal Government The school is directly affiliated with Tsinghua University in Beijing The campus is located in the University Town of Shenzhen since 18 October 2003 197 The Graduate School at Shenzhen Tsinghua University was jointly founded by Tsinghua University and the Shenzhen Municipal Government for cultivating top level professionals and carrying out scientific and technological innovations 198 199 200 The academic divisions are the following Division of Life Science and Health Division of Energy and Environment Division of Information Science and Technology Division of Logistics and Transportation Division of Advanced Manufacturing Division of Social Sciences and Management Division of Ocean Science and Technology 201 202 Campus edit nbsp The Second Gate is a landmark on the Tsinghua University campus nbsp The Mechanical Engineering HallThe campus of Tsinghua University is located in northwest Beijing in the Haidian district 203 204 which was designated for universities and other academic institutes citation needed It is located on the former site of Qing dynasty royal gardens and retains Chinese style landscaping as well as traditional buildings but many of its buildings are also in the Western style reflecting the American influence in its history Along with its rival and neighbor the Peking University it is known throughout China and the wider world for having one of the most beautiful campuses citation needed Tsinghua University s campus was named one of the most beautiful college campuses in the world by a panel of architects and campus designers in Forbes in 2010 205 it was the only university in Asia on the list 206 207 Numerous architects were involved in the designing of buildings on the campus American architect Henry Killam Murphy 1877 1954 a Yale graduate designed early buildings such as the Grand Auditorium the Roosevelt Memorial Gymnasium the Science Building and the east side of the Old Library 208 Yang Tingbao designed the Observatory the Life Sciences building the Mingzhai of the student dormitory buildings and the middle and west side of the Old Library Shen Liyuan designed the Mechanical Engineering Hall the Chemistry Hall and the Aviation Hall T Chuang a 1914 graduate of the University of Illinois at Urbana Champaign helped design the campus grounds of the Tsinghua University with influences of Neoclassical and Palladian architectural styles and architectures 209 Other notable 20th century Chinese architects such as Li Daozeng Zhou Weiquan Wang Guoyu and Guan Zhaoye have all designed various buildings on the Tsinghua University campus The university s Institute of Nuclear and New Energy Technology is on a separate campus in a northern suburb of Beijing 210 The Tsinghua History Museum covers a construction area of 5 060 m2 211 A collection of old documents pictures artworks maps graphics videos and music tells the visitors the history of Tsinghua University The exhibition also pays tribute to the people who contributed to the development of the institution nbsp Entrance to 工 Shape Hall the former Qing Prince s Mansion and the current office of the president nbsp Sculptural artworks on the campus nbsp Tsinghua campus scenery nbsp A teaching and protected heritage building the former Tsinghua College nbsp The Old Library building of the Tsinghua University Library nbsp A Qing dynasty Jinchun Garden on the Tsinghua University campus nbsp A pathway in the campus nbsp Zeng Xianzi Building nbsp The old Science Building nbsp A building from the old student dormitory nbsp The Shengyinyuan built in 1946 contains numerous residential houses for the faculty nbsp Hydraulic Experiment Hall nbsp The old Electrical Engineering Hall nbsp The old Chemistry HallNotable people editMain article People associated with Tsinghua University Notable alumni editTsinghua University has produced many notable graduates especially in political sphere academic field and industry 212 Forbes has referred to Tsinghua as China s power factory citing the amount of senior Chinese politicians the university has produced 213 nbsp President of China Xi Jinping Chemical Engineering 1979 nbsp Former president of China Hu Jintao Engineering nbsp Former premier of China Zhu Rongji Notable alumni who have held senior positions in Chinese politics include current general secretary and president of China Xi Jinping 214 former general secretary and president of China Hu Jintao 215 former chairman of the National People s Congress Wu Bangguo 216 former premier Zhu Rongji 217 and the former first vice premier Huang Ju 218 This also includes politicians like Wu Guanzheng 219 former governor of the People s Bank of China Zhou Xiaochuan 220 former minister of finance Lou Jiwei 221 general Sun Li jen Liang Qichao 222 and more Since 2016 Tsinghua graduates who have political prominence are disproportionately greater in number than graduates of other famous universities 223 Notable alumni in the sciences include Nobel laureate Yang Chen Ning 224 who was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics for his work with Tsung Dao Lee on parity nonconservation of weak interaction mathematician and winner of the Wolf Prize in Mathematics Shiing Shen Chern 225 biologist Min Chueh Chang 226 theoretical physicist Zhou Peiyuan astronomer Zhang Yuzhe Leslie Ying professor at the University at Buffalo and Editor in Chief of IEEE Transactions on Medical Imaging 227 James G Dwyer Professor of Mechanical Engineering Qingyan Chen 228 architect and general director at the Beijing branch of the ISA Internationales Stadtbauatelier Yajin Zhang 229 Jianhua Lu 230 anthropologist Fei Xiaotong sociologist and ethnologist Wu Wenzao political scientist K C Hsiao 231 and Pan Guangdan Tsinghua is known for having educated the most billionaires of any university in China and since 2017 counts 152 billionaires amongst its alumni 232 These include billionaires Sun Hongbin real estate 233 chairman of Goertek Jiang Bin components 234 Xu Hang medical devices 235 and Zhang Zetian e commerce 236 among others Notable alumni in the arts and poetry include author Qian Zhongshu 237 Wen Yiduo painter Xinyi Cheng historian and poet Wang Guowei Chen Yinke and architect Xu Tiantian 222 Tsinghua clique edit Main article Tsinghua clique The term Tsinghua clique refers to a group of Chinese Communist Party politicians that have graduated from Tsinghua University They are members of the fourth generation of Chinese leadership and are purported to hold reformist and hesitantly pro democratic ideas a number have studied in the United States following graduation from Tsinghua and some are said to be influenced by the reform ideals of Hu Yaobang In the PRC their ascendance to power began in 2008 at the 17th National Congress of the Chinese Communist Party 238 See also editTsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School Tsinghua Berkeley Shenzhen Institute Anti Corruption and Governance Research Center Institute of Nuclear and New Energy Technology Peking Union Medical College National Tsing Hua University SMTH BBS Tsinghua clique Tsinghua Holdings Tsinghua University Press Education in the People s Republic of China High School attached to Tsinghua University 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