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Wikipedia

Atlanta metropolitan area

February 07, 2023

"Metro Atlanta" redirects here. For the transit agency, see Metropolitan Atlanta Rapid Transit Authority.

Metro Atlanta, designated by the United States Office of Management and Budget as the Atlanta–Sandy Springs–Alpharetta, GA Metropolitan Statistical Area, is the most populous metropolitan statistical area in the U.S. state of Georgia and the eighth-largest in the United States. Its economic, cultural, and demographic center is Atlanta, and its total population was 6,144,050 according to the 2021 estimate from the U.S. Census Bureau. The metro area forms the core of a broader trading area, the Atlanta–Athens-Clarke–Sandy Springs Combined Statistical Area. The Combined Statistical Area spans up to 39 counties in north Georgia, and one county in Alabama, Chambers. The Combined Statistical Area recorded in the 2020 U.S. census a population of 6,930,423.[2] Atlanta is the second-largest metropolitan area in the Census Bureau's Southeast region, behind that of Greater Washington, D.C. It surpassed the Greater Miami area in total population in 2021.[3]

Metropolitan Atlanta
Metro Atlanta
Metropolitan area
Midtown Atlanta
Metropolitan Atlanta
Map of Metro Atlanta
Metropolitan Atlanta
Metropolitan Atlanta (the United States)
Metropolitan Atlanta
Metropolitan Atlanta (Metro Atlanta)
Coordinates: 33°48′N 84°24′W / 33.8°N 84.4°W / 33.8; -84.4Coordinates: 33°48′N 84°24′W / 33.8°N 84.4°W / 33.8; -84.4
Country United States
State Georgia
Largest city Atlanta
Area
 • Metro
8,376 sq mi (21,694 km2)
 • CSA10,494.03 sq mi (27,179.4 km2)
Elevation
606–3,288 ft (185–1,002 m)
Population
 (2019 Estimates)[1]
 • Density624/sq mi (243/km2)
 • Urban
4,515,419 (9th)
 • MSA
6,020,364 (9th)
 • CSA
6,853,352 (10th)
Time zoneUTC−5 (EST)
 • Summer (DST)UTC−4 (EDT)
ZIP codes
300xx to 303xx
Area codes404/678/470 inside the perimeter 770/678/470 outside the perimeter
Websitewww.metroatlantachamber.com

Definitions

 
Location in Georgia (MSA counties in red)

By U.S. Census Bureau standards, the population of the Atlanta region spreads across a metropolitan area of 8,376 square miles (21,694 km2) – a land area comparable to that of Massachusetts.[4] Because Georgia contains more counties than any other state except Texas (explained in part by the now-defunct county-unit system of weighing votes in primary elections),[5] area residents live under a heavily decentralized collection of governments. As of the 2000 census, fewer than one in ten residents of the metropolitan area lived inside Atlanta city limits.[6]

A 2006 survey by the Metro Atlanta Chamber of Commerce counted 140 cities and towns in the 28‑county Metropolitan Statistical Area (MSA) in mid-2005.[4] Nine cities – Johns Creek (2006), Milton (2006), Chattahoochee Hills (2007), Dunwoody (2008), Peachtree Corners (2012), Brookhaven (2012), Tucker (2016), Stonecrest (2016) and South Fulton (2017) – have incorporated since then, following the lead of Sandy Springs in 2005.[7][8][9]

The Atlanta metropolitan area was first defined in 1950 as Fulton, DeKalb, Gwinnett, Cobb and Clayton counties. Walton, Newton, Douglas, Fayette, Forsyth, Henry, Cherokee, Rockdale, and Butts counties were added after the 1970 census, with Barrow and Coweta counties joining in 1980 and Bartow, Carroll, Paulding, Pickens and Spalding counties in 1990.

Atlanta's larger combined statistical area (CSA) adds the Gainesville and Athens metropolitan areas plus LaGrange, Thomaston, Jefferson, Calhoun, and Cedartown micropolitan areas, for a total 2012 population of 6,162,195. The CSA also abuts the Macon and Columbus MSAs. The region is one of the metropolises of the Southeastern United States, and is part of the emerging megalopolis known as Piedmont Atlantic Megaregion along the I-85 Corridor.

In 2019, the name of the MSA was changed from Atlanta–Sandy Springs–Roswell to Atlanta–Sandy Springs–Alpharetta.[10]

Metropolitan statistical area

The counties listed below are included in the Atlanta–Sandy Springs–Alpharetta, GA Metropolitan Statistical Area.[11] However, some entities define a much smaller metropolitan area by including only the counties which have the densest suburban development. Fulton, DeKalb, Gwinnett, Cobb, and Clayton were the five original counties when the Atlanta metropolitan area was first defined in 1950, and continue to be the core of the metro area. These five counties along with six more (Cherokee, Douglas, Fayette, Henry, Rockdale, and Forsyth) are members of the Atlanta Regional Commission, a weak metropolitan government organization which also is a regional planning agency. The eleven ARC counties, bolded, and four more (Bartow, Coweta, Hall, Paulding), with an asterisk (*), form part of the Metropolitan North Georgia Water Planning District, created in 2001.

Atlanta–Sandy Springs–Alpharetta, GA Metropolitan Statistical Area

County Seat 2020 Census 2010 Census Change Area Density
Fulton * Atlanta 1,066,710 920,581 +15.87% 534 sq mi (1,380 km2) 1,998/sq mi (771/km2)
Gwinnett * Lawrenceville 957,062 805,321 +18.84% 437 sq mi (1,130 km2) 2,190/sq mi (846/km2)
Cobb * Marietta 766,149 688,078 +11.35% 345 sq mi (890 km2) 2,221/sq mi (857/km2)
DeKalb * Decatur 764,382 691,893 +10.48% 271 sq mi (700 km2) 2,821/sq mi (1,089/km2)
Clayton * Jonesboro 297,595 259,424 +14.71% 144 sq mi (370 km2) 2,067/sq mi (798/km2)
Cherokee * Canton 266,620 214,346 +24.39% 434 sq mi (1,120 km2) 614/sq mi (237/km2)
Forsyth * Cumming 251,283 175,511 +43.17% 224 sq mi (580 km2) 1,122/sq mi (433/km2)
Henry * McDonough 240,712 203,922 +18.04% 327 sq mi (850 km2) 736/sq mi (284/km2)
Paulding * Dallas 168,661 142,324 +18.50% 314 sq mi (810 km2) 537/sq mi (207/km2)
Coweta * Newnan 146,158 127,317 +14.80% 446 sq mi (1,160 km2) 328/sq mi (127/km2)
Douglas * Douglasville 144,237 132,403 +8.94% 201 sq mi (520 km2) 718/sq mi (277/km2)
Fayette * Fayetteville 119,194 106,567 +11.85% 199 sq mi (520 km2) 599/sq mi (231/km2)
Carroll Carrollton 119,148 110,527 +7.80% 504 sq mi (1,310 km2) 236/sq mi (91/km2)
Newton Covington 112,483 99,958 +12.53% 279 sq mi (720 km2) 403/sq mi (156/km2)
Bartow * Cartersville 108,901 100,157 +8.73% 470 sq mi (1,200 km2) 232/sq mi (89/km2)
Walton Monroe 96,673 83,768 +15.41% 330 sq mi (850 km2) 293/sq mi (113/km2)
Rockdale * Conyers 93,570 85,215 +9.80% 132 sq mi (340 km2) 709/sq mi (274/km2)
Barrow Winder 83,505 69,367 +20.38% 163 sq mi (420 km2) 512/sq mi (198/km2)
Spalding Griffin 67,306 64,073 +5.05% 200 sq mi (520 km2) 337/sq mi (130/km2)
Pickens Jasper 33,216 29,431 +12.86% 233 sq mi (600 km2) 143/sq mi (55/km2)
Haralson Buchanan 29,919 28,780 +3.96% 283 sq mi (730 km2) 106/sq mi (41/km2)
Dawson Dawsonville 26,798 22,330 +20.01% 214 sq mi (550 km2) 125/sq mi (48/km2)
Butts Jackson 25,434 23,655 +7.52% 188 sq mi (490 km2) 135/sq mi (52/km2)
Meriwether Greenville 20,613 21,992 −6.27% 505 sq mi (1,310 km2) 41/sq mi (16/km2)
Morgan Madison 20,097 17,868 +12.47% 361 sq mi (930 km2) 56/sq mi (21/km2)
Pike Zebulon 18,889 17,869 +5.71% 219 sq mi (570 km2) 86/sq mi (33/km2)
Lamar Barnesville 18,500 18,317 +1.00% 186 sq mi (480 km2) 99/sq mi (38/km2)
Jasper Monticello 14,588 13,900 +4.95% 373 sq mi (970 km2) 39/sq mi (15/km2)
Heard Franklin 11,412 11,834 −3.57% 301 sq mi (780 km2) 38/sq mi (15/km2)
Total 6,089,815 5,286,728 +15.19% 8,376 sq mi (21,690 km2) 727/sq mi (281/km2)

The 12 counties listed above with under 85,000 residents are usually not included in any other metropolitan definition except the OMB/Census Bureau's MSA and CSA.

Hall County forms the Gainesville MSA, but with astronomical growth to over 200,000 residents, is now also part of the Atlanta CSA.

The official tourism website of the State of Georgia features a "Metro Atlanta" tourism region that includes only eight counties: Fulton, DeKalb, Gwinnett, Cobb, Clayton, Douglas, Fayette, and Henry.

Combined statistical area

Atlanta GA-AL Combined Statistical Area

Statistical area 2020 Census 2010 Census Change Area Density
Atlanta–Sandy Springs–Alpharetta, GA Metropolitan Statistical Area 6,089,815 5,286,728 +15.19% 8,376 sq mi (21,690 km2) 727/sq mi (281/km2)
Athens–Clarke County, GA Metropolitan Statistical Area 215,415 192,541 +11.88% 1,035 sq mi (2,680 km2) 208/sq mi (80/km2)
Gainesville, GA Metropolitan Statistical Area 203,136 179,684 +13.05% 429 sq mi (1,110 km2) 474/sq mi (183/km2)
LaGrange, GA-AL Micropolitan Statistical Area 104,198 101,259 +2.90% 446 sq mi (1,160 km2) 234/sq mi (90/km2)
Rome, GA Metropolitan Statistical Area 98,584 96,317 +2.35% 518 sq mi (1,340 km2) 190/sq mi (73/km2)
Jefferson, GA Micropolitan Statistical Area 75,907 60,485 +25.50% 343 sq mi (890 km2) 221/sq mi (85/km2)
Cornelia, GA Micropolitan Statistical Area 46,031 43,041 +6.95% 279 sq mi (720 km2) 165/sq mi (64/km2)
Cedartown, GA Micropolitan Statistical Area 42,853 41,475 +3.32% 312 sq mi (810 km2) 137/sq mi (53/km2)
Thomaston, GA Micropolitan Statistical Area 27,700 27,153 +2.01% 328 sq mi (850 km2) 84/sq mi (33/km2)
Toccoa, GA Micropolitan Statistical Area 26,784 26,175 +2.33% 184 sq mi (480 km2) 146/sq mi (56/km2)
Total 6,930,423 6,020,643 +15.11% 12,250 sq mi (31,700 km2) 566/sq mi (218/km2)

Municipalities

 
The skylines of Downtown, Midtown, Buckhead (all within the city of Atlanta), and Perimeter Center viewed from the southwest near Hartsfield–Jackson Atlanta International Airport
 
Atlanta suburbs and surrounding cities map. Note that the newly incorporated cities of Brookhaven, Peachtree Corners, Tucker, Stonecrest and South Fulton are not yet shown as incorporated (gray) on the map.

Edge cities

More than one half of metro Atlanta's population is in unincorporated areas or areas considered a census-designated-place (CDP) by the census bureau. One notable example is East Cobb, an unincorporated area (though not a CDP) adjacent to Marietta and Roswell in Cobb County. With an estimated population of approximately 208,000 as of 2019, it would be the second largest city in the metro besides Atlanta if incorporated.[12]

Metro Atlanta includes the following incorporated and unincorporated suburbs (both inside and outside Atlanta), exurbs, and surrounding cities, sorted by population according to 2010 census data (or later data if the city was incorporated after 2010 and census data is unavailable):[13]

Cities and suburbs

Principal city

Places with 75,000 to 99,999 inhabitants

Places with 50,000 to 74,999 inhabitants

Places with 25,000 to 49,999 inhabitants

Places with 24,999 or fewer inhabitants

Geography

 
The topography and geography of Atlanta

Topography and geology

The area sprawls across the low foothills of the Appalachian Mountains to the north and the Piedmont to the south. The northern and some western suburbs tend to be higher and significantly more hilly than the southern and eastern suburbs. The average elevation is around 1,000 feet (300 m).

The highest point in the immediate area is Kennesaw Mountain at 1,808 ft (551 m), followed by Stone Mountain at 1,686 ft (514 m), Sweat Mountain at 1,640 ft (500 m), and Little Kennesaw Mountain at 1,600 ft (488 m). Others include Blackjack Mountain, Lost Mountain, Brushy Mountain, Pine Mountain, and Mount Wilkinson (Vinings Mountain). Many of these play prominently in the various battles of the Atlanta Campaign during the American Civil War. If the further-north counties are included, Bear Mountain is highest, followed by Pine Log Mountain, Sawnee Mountain, and Hanging Mountain, followed by the others listed above. Stone, Sweat, Bear, and Sawnee are all home to some of the area's broadcast stations.

The area's subsoil is a dense clay soil, colored rusty by the iron oxide present in it. It becomes very muddy and sticky when wet, and hard when dry, and stains light-colored carpets and clothing easily. It also tends to have a low pH, further aggravating gardeners. The fineness of it also means it is easily deposited into streams during heavy rains, creating silt problems where it is exposed due to construction. This transported red soil can be seen downstream on the riverbanks of south Georgia (where the native clay is white), and down to the Florida panhandle (where the native sand is also white). Topsoil is present only in natural forest areas, created by the decomposition of leaf litter.

Earthquakes and fault lines

An extinct fault line called the Brevard Fault runs roughly parallel to the Chattahoochee River, but as its last movements were apparently prehistoric, it is considered extinct and not a threat to the region. Still, minor earthquakes do rattle the area (and all of Georgia) occasionally. One notable one was in April 2003 (magnitude 4.6) coming from the northwest, its epicenter just across the state line in northeastern Alabama. While many people slept through the 5A.M. quake, it caused a minor panic in others completely unaware of what was happening. Similar earthquakes occur in this region called the Eastern Tennessee Seismic Zone, often felt much more widely across the stronger crust of eastern North America as compared to the west. Thus, the 1886 Charleston, South Carolina earthquake was also felt in Atlanta and throughout the Southeast. It caused damage as far as central Alabama and West Virginia. Two small earthquakes were also felt on the southeast side near Eatonton in early April 2009. The New Madrid Seismic Zone (near the Missouri-Tennessee borders) and the seismic zone producing the 1886 magnitude 7.3 earthquake are still capable of producing moderate or major earthquakes, which the entire Atlanta area will feel moderately or even strongly.

Climate

Main article: Climate of Atlanta

The Atlanta metro area has a humid subtropical climate with four seasons, although summer is the longest. January daily lows average from 32–35 °F (0–2 °C) north to south, and highs range from 48–54 °F (9–12 °C), but often reach well above or below this average. There is an average annual snowfall of about 2.5 inches (6.4 cm), falling mostly from December through March, though there was snow north of the city on April 3, 1987. Snow flurries are actually common during the winter months when there is an especially deep trough in the jet stream. These events usually do not amount to more than a slight dusting and therefore go unrecognized in most weather summaries. Summers, by contrast, are long and consistently hot and humid, with July mornings averaging 71 °F (22 °C) and afternoons averaging 89 °F (32 °C), slight breezes, and typically a 20–40% chance of afternoon thunderstorms. During the summer afternoon thunderstorms, temperatures may suddenly drop to 70–77 degrees with locally heavy rainfall. Average annual rainfall is about 50.2 inches (1,280 mm), with late winter and early spring (as well as July) being the wettest and fall (especially October) being the driest.

From 1878 to 2011, the highest recorded temperatures at Atlanta were 105 °F (40.6 °C) on three days in the extraordinarily hot July 1980, followed by 104 °F (40 °C) that month and in August 2007, the hottest month ever for the area. This was broken on the last day of June 2012, when the temperature reached 106 °F (41.1 °C), during a massive heat wave that hit most of the country, with another 105 the next day tying the July record. The lowest recorded temperatures were −6 °F (−21 °C) and −8 °F (−22 °C) on January 20 and 21 of 1985, and −9 °F (−23 °C) on February 13, 1899, during severe cold snaps that went so far south they devastated the entire citrus industry in central Florida.

Hurricane Opal brought sustained tropical storm conditions to the area one night in early October 1995, uprooting hundreds of trees and causing widespread power outages, after soaking the area with rain for two days prior. Since 1950 some metro counties have been hit more than 20 times by tornadoes, with Cobb (26) and Fulton (22) being two of the highest in the state. The Dunwoody tornado in early April 1998 was the worst tornado to have struck the area. A tornado struck downtown Atlanta in March 2008, causing a half-billion dollars in damage, one of the most expensive storms ever recorded anywhere.

The area experiences a winter storm with significant snowfall about once each year, however this can be extremely irregular with several consecutive years receiving no measurable snow. A blizzard (see: 1993 Storm of the Century) caught much of the Southeast off-guard in 1993, dumping 4.5 inches (11.4 cm) at the Atlanta airport on March 13, and much more than that in the suburbs to the north and west, as well as in the mountains. The only other recorded winter storm of comparable severity was the Great Blizzard of 1899. The heaviest snow, however, was in January 1940, when 8.3 inches (21.1 cm) buried the city during its coldest month on record. The second-heaviest was in 1983, when a very late storm dumped 7.9 inches (20.1 cm) on March 24. Ice storms have also occurred in the area. The well-remembered 1973 ice storm was brutal as was the storm in 1982.

The Southeastern U.S. drought of 2006–2008 began with dry weather in 2006, and left area lakes very low. The drought finally began to abate significantly after the 2009 Atlanta floods, when some areas got up to 20 inches (500 mm) of rain in a week, with half of that falling in just 24 hours near the end of the period. The USGS calculated it to be a greater-than-500-year flood.

Environment

The area's prolific rains are drained by many different streams and creeks. The main basin is that of the Chattahoochee River, running northeast to southwest. The further northwestern suburbs drain into the Etowah River via the Little River and Lake Allatoona. The southern suburbs are drained by the Flint River, and the east-southeastern ones by the Oconee River and Yellow River.

By 2005 the metro area was using 360 million US gallons (1,400,000 m3) of water per day (about 80 US gallons (300 L) per person per day) from these rivers. This usage was reduced by more than 10% during the drought, but soared back up after watering restrictions were eased (and before the flooding ensued). The need for water is seen as a barrier to further growth in the area, but permanent measures for non-emergency water conservation have never been put in place.[citation needed] The state legislature has refused to pass a requirement for low-flow toilets to be installed in homes that are sold, bowing to pressure from the real estate sales industry.[citation needed]

Disputes over water are becoming increasingly common, with both Alabama and Florida filing lawsuits and threatening injunctions to prevent Georgia from taking too much water, mostly for metro Atlanta.[citation needed] South Carolina also threatened when a pipeline east to the Savannah River was mentioned even informally.[citation needed] The state has now been ordered by a judge to reduce withdrawals from the Chattahoochee south of Lanier to 1970s levels within three years (2012), something that would create an immediate emergency water shortage if it were actually enforced.[citation needed]

Flora

The native forest canopy is mainly oak, redbud, hickory, poplar, tuliptree, pine, and sweetgum, with chestnut having been common decades before in what is now considered oak-hickory forest. Saw palmetto, Sabal palmetto and Trachycarpus fortunei have become common ornamentals as well. Traveling from the south, the metro area is generally the first area in which autumn leaf color can be seen, due to the different trees growing at the higher elevation and latitude. Underneath, the flowering dogwood is very common, the black cherry are quite prolific, with mulberry popping up sometimes as well. Sourwood is also in its native range, and is easily identified by the fact that it turns fiery red in early October, much brighter and weeks earlier than most other trees (which usually peak in early November).

Shrubby plants include blackberry, horsechestnut, sumac, and sometimes hawthorn. Virginia creeper, poison ivy, and briar are common vines. The Confederate yellow daisy is a wildflower native only to the area around Stone Mountain.

Common garden plants include dogwood, azalea, hydrangea, flowering cherry, maples, pin oak, red-tip photinia, holly, juniper, white pine, magnolia, Bradford pear, forsythia, liriope (mondograss), and English ivy. Lawns can be either cool-season grasses like fescue and rye, or warm-season like zoysia and bermudagrass which turn brown in late fall. A few homeowners associations actually prohibit green grass in the winter.

Native to the nearby mountains, maples are now one of the most common landscape trees for new homes and parking lots, giving their color in the fall instead of spring. When planted close to buildings (which provide shelter and radiate heat), they can retain some of their color into December, especially if November has been warm.

Common lawn weeds are mock strawberry, violet, wild onion, and of course the ubiquitous dandelion, crabgrass, and plantain.

By far the most notorious introduced species is kudzu, a highly invasive species from Japan which climbs and smothers trees and shrubs. New effective herbicides as well as increased development of formerly rural areas has greatly reduced kudzu in the metro area (although still quite common elsewhere in Georgia). Wisteria planted decades ago by farmers in then-rural areas has become wild and is common in undeveloped forests. Some vines exceed 50 years of age and cover dozens of acres of forest, creating a dense, purple explosion each spring.

Japanese honeysuckle is extremely common, its fragrance an early summer delight. A common ornamental shrub, the Chinese privet, has escaped to become the state's most invasive non-native plant species.

Fauna

Among mammals, the eastern gray squirrel is by far the most ubiquitous, stealing birdseed from the bird feeders which many locals maintain. Chipmunks and small brown rabbits are common, but it is relatively rare to hear of them doing any damage. Opossum, raccoons, foxes, coyotes and armadillos are frequently seen. Garden and meadow snakes are common; six venomous pit viper snakes (Eastern diamondback rattlesnake, timber rattlesnake, pygmy rattlesnake, coral snake, water moccasin and copperhead) are indigenous, but reports of bites are rare. Many types of frogs, including tree frogs and bullfrogs, are easily heard in early summer, as are cicadas in July and August. Black bears occasionally wander down from the mountains, and white-tailed deer are abundant; overpopulated in some areas. Homeowners in the outer suburbs are prone to landscaping damage due to scavenging deer.

The most common birds are the brown thrasher (the GA state bird), American crow, European (or common) starling, American robin, mourning dove, house sparrow, northern cardinal, house finch, Carolina chickadee, tufted titmouse, bluejay, white-breasted nuthatch, eastern bluebird, mockingbird, brown-headed nuthatch, and Carolina wren. Birds of prey thrive in the area, with three varieties of hawks common near open fields in even the most populated areas. Falcons roost on skyscrapers in downtown Atlanta and can be regularly seen feasting on pigeons. The American kestrel is sometimes seen. Late in the year, three species of owls can be heard nightly in wooded areas. Various woodpeckers can be seen in forested lots, including the red-bellied woodpecker, northern flicker (also known as the "yellow-shafted flicker"), and the downy woodpecker. The red-headed woodpecker is common in open fields and on golf courses. The American goldfinch is present mostly in winter, and the ruby-throated hummingbird only in summer.

Government and politics

 
Downtown Marietta's historic town square

In geographic terms, Georgia has the smallest average county size of any state.[citation needed] This focuses government more locally but allows greater conflict between multiple jurisdictions, each with its own agenda.

The first significant intergovernmental agency in metro Atlanta was the Metropolitan Atlanta Rapid Transit Authority, which runs the MARTA public transportation system. Alongside other factors such as race and class, as well as a lack of planning and perceived lack of need, problems associated with the inner city of Atlanta (crime, poverty, and poor public school performance) influenced Cobb, Gwinnett, and Clayton county voters to refuse to allow construction of MARTA into their respective counties during the 1970s. These decisions resulted in permanent effects on land development in the region, making use of private automobiles even more of a necessity.[citation needed]

The Atlanta Regional Commission is so far the closest that the area has come to a metropolitan government. It approves only those projects deemed to have a positive effect beyond the immediate area in which they are to be constructed. The Georgia Regional Transportation Authority is somewhat of a cross between ARC and MARTA, working to improve mobility, air quality, and land use practices in the region. GRTA also operates Xpress buses from 11 counties, and could operate commuter rail service in the future. Currently, plans for commuter rail and eventual intercity rail (including the long-proposed but still unfunded Atlanta Multimodal Passenger Terminal) are the responsibility of the Georgia Rail Passenger Authority, which receives almost no funding.

Since 2007 proposals have been floated to allow new multi-county sales taxes, in addition to existing county sales taxes for roads, to pay for regional transportation initiatives.[14]

Presidential election results
Year DEM GOP Others
2020 57.0% 1,684,934 41.6% 1,229,242 1.4% 39,950
2016 52.3% 1,250,397 44.2% 1,057,123 3.5% 82,781
2012 49.4% 1,108,989 49.0% 1,099,845 1.5% 34,208
2008 51.3% 1,153,849 47.7% 1,074,509 1.0% 22,898
2004 44.1% 818,067 55.2% 1,023,670 0.7% 13,661
2000 44.4% 631,882 52.5% 746,974 3.1% 43,635
1996 46.1% 565,241 47.3% 579,727 6.6% 81,199
1992 43.3% 521,891 43.4% 522,934 13.4% 161,013
1988 39.5% 358,191 59.8% 542,979 0.7% 6,516
1984 38.0% 322,409 61.9% 524,579 0.0% 354
1980 52.5% 381,253 43.1% 312,920 4.4% 32,160
1976 63.9% 417,621 35.8% 233,778 0.3% 1,917
1972 27.4% 142,069 72.3% 374,580 0.3% 1,653
1968 30.3% 150,806 36.6% 182,609 33.1% 165,093
1964 50.2% 218,167 49.8% 216,221 0.0% 42
1960 59.0% 163,034 40.9% 113,022 0.0% 91

Demographics

Main article: Demographics of Metro Atlanta
Historical population
Census Pop. %±
1900419,375—
1910522,44224.6%
1920622,28319.1%
1930715,39115.0%
1940820,57914.7%
1950997,66621.6%
19601,312,47431.6%
19701,763,62634.4%
19802,233,32426.6%
19902,959,95032.5%
20004,112,19838.9%
20105,286,72828.6%
20206,089,81515.2%
U.S. Decennial Census

The 2020 census counted 6,089,815 people in the 28-county metro area. This was an increase of 803,087 versus the same 28-county area in 2010. The population increased by 15.2% between 2010 and 2020, less than the 28.6% increase between 2000 and 2010.

Race, ethnicity, or
foreign-born status		 Pop. 2010 % of total 2010 Pop. 2000[A] % of total 2000 absolute
change 2000–2010[B]		 % change 2000–2010[B]
Total 5,268,860 4,112,198
White only 2,920,480 55.4% 2,589,888 63.0% 330,592 12.8%
    Non-Hispanic white only 2,671,757 50.7% 2,447,856 59.5% 223,901 9.1%
Black only 1,707,913 32.4% 1,189,179 28.9% 518,734 43.6%
Asian only and Pacific Islander only   256,956 4.9% 137,640 3.3% 119,316 86.7%
    Asian Indian 78,980 1.5% 37,162 0.9% 41,818 112.5%
    Korean 43,870 0.8% 22,317 0.5% 21,553 96.6%
    Chinese 37,660 0.7% 22,564 0.5% 15,096 66.9%
    Vietnamese 36,554 0.7% 23,996 0.6% 12,558 52.3%
Hispanic or Latino of any race 747,400 10.4% 268,851 6.5% 278,549 103.6%
    Mexican 354,351 6.0% 165,109 4.0% 149,242 90.4%
    Puerto Rican 43,337 0.8% 19,358 0.5% 23,979 123.9%
    Cuban 17,648 0.3% 9,206 0.2% 8,442 91.7%
Foreign-born 916,434 13.6% 424,519 10.3% 291,915 68.8%

A Atlanta MSA in 2000 did not include Butts, Dawson, Haralson, Heard, Jasper, Lamar, Meriwether, and Pike counties, whose population totalled in 2000: 135,783; in 2010: 156,368 (2.96% of total new 28-county metro)[15]
B Compares the larger 28-county Atlanta-Sandy Springs-Marietta MSA 2010 with a smaller 20‑county Atlanta MSA 2000; however the 8 new counties represent less than 3% of the larger 28‑county metro.
Source: for race and Hispanic population, U.S. Census Bureau 2010 and 2000 census; for foreign-born population: US Census Bureau 2010 and 2000 American Community Surveys; Immigrants in 2010 Metropolitan America, Brookings Institution

Race and ethnicity

White Americans made up 55.4% of metro Atlanta's population in 2010, a relative decrease from 63.0% ten years earlier, but in absolute numbers their population increased by over 330,000. Non-Hispanic whites proportionally dropped from 59.5% to 50.7% of the metro's population, while increasing by about 224,000.

Black Americans are the largest racial minority with 32.4% of the population in 2010, up from 28.9% in 2000. The city of Atlanta has long been regarded as a "black mecca" for its role as a center of black education, political power, wealth, and culture. From 2000 to 2010, the geographic distribution of blacks in Metro Atlanta changed radically. Long concentrated in the city of Atlanta and DeKalb County, the black population there dropped as more than half a million African Americans settled across other parts of the metro area, including approximately 112,000 in Gwinnett County, 71,000 in Fulton outside Atlanta, 58,000 in Cobb, 50,000 in Clayton, 34,000 in Douglas, and 27,000 each in Newton and Rockdale counties.[16] Due to its availability of jobs, Atlanta has been a destination for young college-educated blacks in the Reverse Great Migration of African Americans from the North since the turn of the 21st century, with many settling quickly into suburban locations. The metropolitan area has the second highest total African American population of any metropolitan area, with only the New York City metro area having more.

Year Black pop. in
City of Atlanta		 Black pop. in
DeKalb County		 Total black pop.
Atlanta + DeKalb		 Total black pop.
Metro Atlanta		 Proportion of black pop.
in Atlanta + DeKalb
2000 255,689 361,111 616,800 1,189,179 51.9%
2010 226,894 375,697 602,591 1,707,913 35.2%

Hispanic Americans are the fastest growing ethnic group. At 10.4% of the metro's population in 2010, versus only 6.5% in 2000, the metro's Hispanic population increased an astounding 109.6%, or 298,459 people, in ten years. Major Hispanic groups include 354,351 Mexicans, 43,337 Puerto Ricans and 17,648 Cubans. All of those groups' populations increased by over 90% in the ten-year period. Of the metro's 299,000-person increase in the Hispanic population from 2000 to 2010, 98,000 were in Gwinnett County, 57,000 in Cobb, 55,000 in Fulton (all but 3,000 outside the city of Atlanta), 20,000 in Hall, and 15,000 in DeKalb County.[17]

The Asian-American population also increased rapidly from 2000 to 2010. There were 296,956 Asian-Americans in the metro area in 2010, making up 5.9% of the population. This represented an 87% increase over 2000. The largest Asian groups are 108,980 Indian-Americans, 93,870 Korean-Americans, 67,660 Chinese-Americans, and 66,554 Vietnamese-Americans.

Atlanta also has Georgia's largest Bosnian-American population, with approximately 10,000 in the metro area, mainly in Gwinnett County.[18]

Metro Atlanta has an increasingly international population, with 716,434 foreign-born residents in 2010, a 69% increase since 2000, with suburban Gwinnnett County being one of the most diverse counties in the Southeastern United States.[19] This was the fourth largest rate of growth among the nation's top 100 metros, after Baltimore, Orlando and Las Vegas. The foreign-born proportion of the population went up from 10.3% to 13.6%, and Atlanta moved up from 14th to 12th in ranking of U.S. metro areas with the largest immigrant population by sheer numbers. Still, its 13.6% proportion of immigrants is only the 29th highest of the nation's top 100 metros.[20]

Metro Atlanta's immigrants are more suburban than those of most cities. Out of the top 100 U.S. metros, Atlanta has the 11th highest ratio of the foreign-born living in the suburbs and not in the core city.[20] Atlanta has a few ethnic enclaves such as a Koreatown, and areas such as the Buford Highway Corridor in DeKalb County and parts of Gwinnett County are commercial centers for multiple ethnic communities.

In 1990, greater Atlanta had the largest Japanese population in the Southeast United States. The Consulate General of Japan in Atlanta estimated that, during that year, 7,500 to 10,000 Japanese lived in greater Atlanta. Of the metropolitan areas in the Southeast United States, as of 1990 greater Atlanta had the most extensive education network for Japanese nationals.[21]

Language

In 2008, approximately 83.3% of the population five years and older spoke only English at home, which is roughly 4,125,000 people. Over 436,000 people (8.8%) spoke Spanish at home, giving Metro Atlanta the 15th highest number of Spanish speakers among American metropolitan areas (MSAs). Over 193,000 people (3.9%) spoke other Indo-European languages at home. People who speak an Asian language at home numbered over 137,000 and made up 2.8% of the population.[22][23]

Economy

Further information: Economy of Metro Atlanta

The Atlanta area is home to 31 Fortune 1000 headquarters. 2022 rankings:

ATL
rank 		Company City Sector Fortune
rank
1 The Home Depot Atlanta Retail 17
2 United Parcel Service Sandy Springs Package delivery 34
3 Coca Cola Company Atlanta Beverage 93
4 Delta Air Lines Atlanta Airline 113
5 Southern Company Atlanta Energy 153
6 Genuine Parts / NAPA Atlanta Automotive parts 191
7 WestRock Sandy Springs Packaging 192
8 PulteGroup Atlanta Home building 267
9 Norfolk Southern Atlanta Railroad 332
10 AGCO Duluth Farm equipment 334
11 Newell Brands Sandy Springs Consumer goods 348
12 Asbury Automotive Group Duluth Automotive retail 360
13 Intercontinental Exchange Sandy Springs Information 459
14 Global Payments Atlanta Financial 407
15 Graphic Packaging Sandy Springs Packaging 466
16 NCR Atlanta Technology 466
17 Veritiv Sandy Springs Packaging / logistics 477
18 Equifax Atlanta Information 617
19 BlueLinx Marietta Building products 665
20 Carter's Atlanta Clothing 689
21 SiteOne Landscape Supply Roswell Landscape 756
22 Acuity Brands Atlanta Lighting 759
23 Floor & Decor Smyrna Flooring products 764
24 GMS Tucker Building products 786
25 FleetCor Technologies Atlanta Financial 868
26 Americold Realty Trust Sandy Springs Cold storage 893
27 Primerica Duluth Financial services 895
28 Rollins Atlanta Home services 930
29 Gray Television Atlanta Broadcasting 935
30 Saia Johns Creek Transportation 961
31 Beazer Homes USA Sandy Springs Home building 992

The Federal Reserve Bank of Atlanta is the sixth district of the 12 Federal Reserve Banks of the United States and is headquartered in midtown Atlanta. The Atlanta Fed covers the U.S. states of Alabama, Florida, and Georgia, the eastern two-thirds of Tennessee, the southern portion of Louisiana, and southern Mississippi as part of the Federal Reserve System.

Utilities

The area is the world's largest toll-free calling zone spanning 7,162 square miles (18,549 km2),[24] has four active telephone area codes, and local calling extending into portions of two others. 404, which originally covered all of northern Georgia until 1992, now covers mostly the area inside the Perimeter (Interstate 285). In 1995 the suburbs were put into 770, requiring mandatory ten‑digit dialing even for local calls under FCC rules. This made Atlanta one of the US's first cities to employ ten-digit dialing,[25] which was begun by BellSouth the year before the Centennial 1996 Olympic Games. In 1998, 678 was overlaid onto both of the existing 404 and 770 area codes. Mobile phones, originally only assigned to 404, may now have any local area code regardless of where in the region they were issued. Area code 470, the newest area code, was overlaid with 404 and 770 in the same fashion as 678. The local calling area also includes portions of 706/762 and a small area of 256 in Alabama on the Georgia border.[26]

The city of Atlanta is the most wired city in the United States.[27] Many residents access the internet on a high-speed broadband and/or WiFi connection. It is home to one of the world's largest fiber-optic bundles.

Major petroleum and natural gas pipelines cross the area, running from the Gulf coast, Texas, and Louisiana to the population centers of the Northeastern U.S. This includes Colonial Pipeline and Plantation Pipeline, both based in Alpharetta.

Metro Atlanta primarily uses natural gas for central heating and water heaters, with the major exception of heat pumps in apartments built during and since the 1980s. This is because winters are mild, and large apartment buildings usually require little energy to heat. Backup heat (also used during defrosting) is usually supplied by electric resistance heating, though some homes have hybrid heating units which use gas backup when it is cold. Exurban homes may also use all-electric instead of gas, if gas mains have not been extended to an area.

Cooktops and ovens are a mix of gas and electric, while gas clothes dryers are rather rare. Nearly all homes have a fireplace[citation needed] with a manual-valve gas starter, and some are now equipped with permanent gas logs with electric switch start. Some homes also have natural gas barbecue grills, formerly sold at utility company stores.

Georgia Power is the main electric power company across the state and the metro area, beginning in 1902 as Georgia Railway and Power Company, Atlanta's streetcar (trolley) company. Several electric membership corporations also serve the suburbs. These include the second-largest EMC in the nation[28] in Jackson EMC, Cobb EMC, Walton EMC, and Sawnee EMC. The city of Marietta operates its own electric utility, Marietta Power, under the Board of Lights & Water (BLW). It is also a member of the Municipal Electric Association of Georgia (MEAG).

Atlanta Gas Light is the natural gas utility for the region, and has been so for over a century and a half, since it installed gas lamps in Atlanta in 1856. It operated as a regulated monopoly until November 1998, the after the state legislature voted in early 1997 to deregulate natural gas marketing, and make customers choose among nearly 20 different marketers still selling the same AGL-wholesaled gas, such as Gas South, Infinite Energy, SCANA and Georgia Natural Gas. Most of the gas comes via pipeline from Louisiana.

Water is provided by various county and a few city systems. Several of these systems actually serve parts of neighboring counties and cities as well. The Cobb-Marietta Water Authority serves not only Cobb, but also parts of neighboring Paulding and Cherokee counties, for example. During drought or other emergency, cities and counties can enact outdoor water-use restrictions, however some cross-jurisdiction water systems have also acted to put bans in place. In late September 2007, the state Environmental Protection Division of the Georgia Department of Natural Resources, stepped-in with its first-ever ban, covering most of the northern half of the state. While surface water is by far the primary source of water for the region, the drought had many systems (and a few wealthy homeowners) drilling new wells for ground water, though the local water table is around 400 feet (120 m) deep, on average.

Sewerage is also handled by the water utilities, but the various water and sewer networks may not conform to the same boundaries, resulting in interbasin water transfers. This is for practical reasons, because the area is hilly and divided by several watersheds, because the area has developed irregularly and erratically, and because water treatment plants are usually not near sewage treatment plants. Septic tanks are still used in the older homes of some exurbs.

Housing

Low-density residential subdivision development dominates the metro Atlanta suburbs.

Changes in house prices for the metro area are publicly tracked on a regular basis using the Case–Shiller index; the statistic is published by Standard & Poor's and is also a component of S&P's 20‑city composite index of the value of the U.S. residential real estate market.

Community improvement districts

All of Georgia's community improvement districts are located in metro Atlanta.

In May 2016, the City of Atlanta launched Atlanta City Studio, the city's first "pop-up urban design laboratory focused on shaping the future of city neighborhoods."[38] The studio hosts "lectures, open forums, urban art presentations and other neighborhood and design components."[39] Atlanta City Studio will relocate twice per year in order for residents to interact with staff and share their ideas about improving city design. The studio is located on the second floor of Ponce City Market and in January 2017 will relocate "to a retail location on the Westside, possibly on MLK Jr. Drive or Cascade Road."[40]

Education

Colleges and universities

School districts

Healthcare

The area is served by a network of healthcare facilities including private practice, urgent care, hospital systems, and specialty care facilities. There are approximately 37 hospitals serving the metro. There are both private for profit systems and community not-for-profit systems.

Hospitals with # beds

Trauma Centers - Level I * ; Level II **

Children's Healthcare of Atlanta

Emory Healthcare

Grady Memorial Hospital - Atlanta - 974 *

Northeast Georgia Medical Center - Gainesville - 872 **

Northside Hospital

Piedmont Hospital

  • Piedmont Atlanta Hospital - Atlanta - 512
  • Piedmont Eastside Hospital - Snellville - 287
  • Piedmont Fayette Hospital - Fayetteville - 290
  • Piedmont Henry Hospital - Stockbridge - 341
  • Piedmont Mountainside Hospital - Jasper - 52
  • Piedmont Newnan Hospital - Newnan - 154
  • Piedmont Newton Hospital - Covington - 94
  • Piedmont Rockdale Hospital - Conyers - 138
  • Piedmont Walton Hospital - Monroe - 77

Shepherd Center - Atlanta - 152

Wellstar Health System

Veterans Administration Health Care

Media

Culture and attractions

Professional sports teams

See also: Sports in Atlanta
Club Sport League Venue City Since Titles
Atlanta Braves Baseball Major League Baseball Truist Park Cumberland 1966 2 (1995, 2021)
Gwinnett Stripers Baseball International League (AAA) Coolray Field Lawrenceville 2009
Atlanta Falcons American football National Football League Mercedes-Benz Stadium Atlanta 1966
Atlanta Gladiators Ice hockey ECHL Gas South Arena Duluth 2003
Atlanta Hawks Basketball National Basketball Association State Farm Arena Atlanta 1968
Atlanta Dream Basketball Women's National Basketball Association Gateway Center Arena College Park 2008
College Park Skyhawks Basketball NBA G League Gateway Center Arena College Park 2019
Atlanta United FC Soccer Major League Soccer Mercedes-Benz Stadium Atlanta 2017 1 (2018)
Atlanta United 2 Soccer MLS Next Pro Fifth Third Bank Stadium Kennesaw 2017

Former teams include the Atlanta Flames (now Calgary Flames) and Atlanta Thrashers (now Winnipeg Jets), both of the National Hockey League.

Atlanta also plays host to one NASCAR Cup Series race each year at Atlanta Motor Speedway.

The Atlanta metropolitan area is also home to three NCAA Division I programs, with the Georgia Tech Yellow Jackets and Georgia State Panthers in Atlanta proper and the Kennesaw State Owls in Kennesaw. Both Georgia Tech and Georgia State are members of the Football Bowl Subdivision in the Atlantic Coast Conference and Sun Belt Conference, respectively, while Kennesaw State is a member of the ASUN Conference in the Football Championship Subdivision; however, Kennesaw State accepted an invitation to move up to the FBS level from Conference USA starting in 2024.

Military presence

Transportation

The U.S. Census Bureau has defined a metropolitan area for Atlanta which includes, but is not limited to, Roswell, Georgia and Sandy Springs, Georgia. According to the 2016 American Community Survey, about 78% of working metropolitan residents commuted by driving alone, 9% carpooled, 3% used public transportation, and 1% walked. Less than 1% of working residents commuted by bicycle, while about 2% of commuters travelled by all other means. About 7% of residents worked at home.[41]

Transit systems

Atlanta has always been a rail town, and the city once had an extensive streetcar system, which also provided interurban service as far out as Marietta, 15 miles (24 km) to the northwest.[42][43] The streetcars were replaced by an extensive trolleybus system, supplemented by buses, in the 1940s and 1950–52, and then converted to all buses in the 1950s and 1960–62. However, building a modern rapid transit system proved a difficult and drawn-out process and, compared to the original plans for a regional system, has only partially been accomplished.[44]

MARTA operates buses and a subway system in the city of Atlanta, Fulton, Clayton and Dekalb counties, while Cobb and Gwinnett counties operate their own independent Suburban Transit Systems that feed into MARTA. This is a result of those counties' refusal to join the MARTA system (although Gwinnett voted in March 2019 to join MARTA again[45]), a situation which was originally closely related to white flight from the city.[46] It is the only US system in which the state does not provide any funds for operation or expansion, instead relying entirely on a 1% sales tax in its three counties. Due to the passage of a 1% sales tax in Clayton County on November 4, 2014, MARTA replaced the defunct C-Tran system bringing buses and commuter rail to the county beginning March 2015, with full bus service in 2016. The Atlanta Streetcar, a 2.7-mile (4.3 km) light rail loop, connects Centennial Olympic Park and MARTA heavy rail subway to the Sweet Auburn district and points in between. Xpress GA, a suburban commuter bus service operated by the Georgia Regional Transportation Authority or GRTA, has over 32 routes running from the suburbs and exurbs to downtown Atlanta in 12 metropolitan counties.

Plans are underway for commuter rail and bus rapid transit (BRT), though these are some years away. The $20 billion Northwest Corridor HOV/BRT project appears to conflict with other plans, such as the metro-wide Concept 3 approved by the Transit Planning Board, and the no-barrier HOT lanes on I‑85 in Gwinnett. MARTA is also considering a BRT line of its own to the east.

The first commuter rail line would run south of the city, eventually extended to Lovejoy and possibly Hampton near Atlanta Motor Speedway. The "Brain Train" would likely be the second route, connecting the University of Georgia in Athens to Emory University and Georgia Tech in Atlanta.

As planned, all commuter trains would arrive at the Atlanta Multimodal Passenger Terminal (MMPT), the long-delayed facility just across Peachtree Street from the Five Points MARTA station, where all of its lines meet. Planning for the system and its extension as intercity rail across the state are the responsibility of the Georgia Rail Passenger Authority.

Another proposed plan that has received very strong grassroots support in recent years is the BeltLine, a greenbelt and transit system that takes advantage of existing and unused rail tracks to set up a 22-mile (35 km) light rail or streetcar circuit around the core of Atlanta, as well as establishing more green space and footpaths for pedestrians and bicyclists.

Commercial railways

Before Atlanta was even a city, it was a railroad hub. From this came the joke, popular among other Southerners, that "regardless of whether one goes to heaven or hell, everyone must go through Atlanta first". Many of its suburbs pre-date it as depots or train stations along the major lines in and out of town.

Many of these historic stations, including Atlanta's Union Station and Terminal Station, were demolished like many county courthouses and other historic buildings. Many have been saved however, including the L&N station in Woodstock, and the stations along the main W&A line in Marietta and Smyrna.

Through mergers, the main railroads in the area are now Norfolk Southern and CSX. The Georgia Northeastern Railroad is a short line that also services part of the area. There are also several railyards of Atlanta and vicinity, as well as the Southeastern Railway Museum and the Southern Museum of Civil War and Locomotive History.

The National Railroad Passenger Corporation, more commonly known as Amtrak, runs the intercity rail line Crescent through metro Atlanta twice daily, with one train heading towards New Orleans and the other headed towards New York. All trains make a scheduled stop at Peachtree Station in northern Midtown Atlanta, but it is also possible for arrange for trains to stop in Gainesville, Georgia as well.

Air

Hartsfield-Jackson Atlanta International Airport is the world's busiest airport and is the only international airport for the region (and only major international airport for the state), and as with rail travel, it became the ubiquitous place through which everyone must travel at some point. Atlanta's second airport is in the very preliminary discussion and study phase.

Other airports (maintained by local counties) include Charlie Brown Field (Fulton), McCollum Field (Cobb), Cartersville Airport (Bartow), DeKalb Peachtree Airport (DeKalb), Briscoe Field (Gwinnett), Coweta County Airport (Coweta), Cherokee County Airport (Cherokee), Atlanta Speedway Airport (Henry), and Paulding County Airport (Paulding). Former local airports were Stone Mountain Airport and Parkaire Field, among others.

DeKalb Peachtree Airport is the primary business jet airport. This is due to its proximity to Downtown, Midtown, Buckhead, and the Perimeter office areas.

Roads and freeways

Atlanta is served by three major interstate highways. Including tributaries, they are the following:

(Note: The cities used below are also the control cities used for the Metro Atlanta Bypass/I-285 signs entering from the suburbs.)

Interstate 75 passes through from Macon to the south, and from Chattanooga to the north. Interstate 575 is a spur which merges with I‑75 near Kennesaw. I‑575 serves northeast portions of Cobb County and a large portion of Cherokee County. It ends in Ball Ground. Interstate 675 is a route which connects I‑75 in Henry County to I‑285 in southern Dekalb County. Most of the corridor is within Clayton County.

Interstate 85 passes through from Montgomery on the southwest and from Greenville on the northeast. I-75 merges with I-85 to form the Downtown Connector from the Brookwood Interchange, just north of Midtown Atlanta, to just south of the Lakewood Freeway in south Atlanta. Interstate 185 is a spur which merges with I‑85 in LaGrange and stretches southward to Columbus. Interstate 985 is a spur which merges with I‑85 in Suwanee and serves the northern suburbs of Gwinnett and Hall Counties. It terminates just northeast of Gainesville.

Interstate 285 is the beltway which encircles the city and its immediate eastern suburbs. It is commonly known as the Perimeter. I‑285 passes through Clayton, Cobb, Fulton, and DeKalb Counties.

Interstate 20 passes through from Birmingham to the west and from Augusta to the east. It serves Douglasville, the major suburb west of Atlanta. It serves Lithonia and Conyers to the east.

Atlanta is also served by several other freeways, in addition to the interstate highways, including:

Georgia 400 is the main corridor serving the north-central suburbs, and was the only toll road in the metropolitan Atlanta area. As of November 23, 2013, the tolls ended and the toll plazas were demolished. It reaches into the northern portion of Fulton County and gradually turns northeast before entering Forsyth County. The controlled-access portion terminates just northeast of the city of Cumming. To the south, it terminates and merges into southbound I‑85 just south of the Buckhead business district. Cumming/Dahlonega is used on I‑285 as the northbound sign, and Atlanta/Buckhead as the southbound. From I‑85 northbound, it uses Buckhead/Cumming.

Stone Mountain Freeway, or U.S. 78, is an 8‑mile corridor east of Downtown Atlanta and the neighboring suburb of Decatur. It serves northeast portions of Dekalb County, including the city of Stone Mountain. It continues east as a divided highway into south Gwinnett County, including the suburb of Snellville. U.S. 78 also stretches east to Athens.

Lakewood Freeway, or Georgia 166, extends between Lakewood Park in south Atlanta and Campbellton Road, just west of I‑285.

Peachtree Industrial Blvd, or Georgia 141, is a route north-northeast of Atlanta which begins on the north side of I‑285 and runs parallel to I‑85 for about four miles until it terminates when it splits into GA‑141 and Peachtree Industrial (continuing as a normal divided highway).

Georgia State Route 316 is a four-mile-long route that branches from I‑85 and stretches eastward into Gwinnett County. It continues east as a normal divided highway through the suburb of Lawrenceville and on to Athens.

There are many historic roads across the area, named after its mills and early ferries, and the bridges later built to replace the ferries. Pace's Ferry is perhaps the best known.

Owing to the area's long history of settlement and uneven terrain, most arterial roads are not straight but meander instead, which can be confusing as much as the famed proliferation of Atlanta streets with "Peachtree" in the name. It is also often joked that half the streets are named Peachtree, while the other half have several names to make up for it.

Partly, confusion is because the region maintains the historic nomenclature of each county naming its roads for the towns they connect with in surrounding counties. Thus, from Dallas to Roswell, Georgia 120 is Marietta Highway to the Paulding/Cobb county line, is Dallas Highway to the city of Marietta, Whitlock Avenue to the town square, South Park Square for just one city block, Roswell Street to Cobb Parkway (at the Big Chicken), Roswell Road to the Cobb/Fulton county line, and finally Marietta Street to the town square in Roswell. Further confusion is from the arbitrary location of state routes by the Georgia Department of Transportation (GDOT), so that they travel an erratic path requiring several turns by drivers instead of traveling the original straight route; and the renaming of roads by state legislators to honor their friends.

There are many roads like this throughout the area, leading to duplication of names in different counties. In Fulton, "Roswell Road" refers to Georgia 9 through northern Atlanta and across Sandy Springs, in addition to the above-mentioned use in Cobb, for example. Numeric street addressing is done by county as well, with the origin usually being at one corner of the town square in the county seat. The U.S. Postal Service ignores these actual and logical boundaries however, overlapping ZIP codes and their associated place names across counties. The Cumberland/Galleria area has Cobb's numbers and an "SE" suffix, but is called "Atlanta" by the USPS (despite being Vinings, which the USPS ironically calls "unacceptable"), which can confuse visitors to think it is far away in southeast Atlanta.

Where more than one town in the same county has a road to the same place, the smaller towns have their own name prefixed to it, while the county seat does not. The road need not go directly to the other place, but may connect through other roads. Examples include Due West Road west from Marietta, Kennesaw Due West Road southwest from Kennesaw, and Acworth Due West Road south from Acworth. Some are usually hyphenated, like Peachtree-Dunwoody Road, Ashford-Dunwoody Road, Chamblee-Dunwoody Road, and Chamblee-Tucker Road.

There are also several roads named for communities which have been overwhelmed by the urban and suburban sprawl, and so are somewhat odd to newcomers. These include Sandy Plains, Crabapple, Toonigh, Luxomni, and Due West. Some of these communities are in the middle of the road, while some are at or very near one end. Some areas are renamed, either over time (Sandy Plains gradually became "Sprayberry" when Sprayberry High School moved there and similarly named shopping centers popped up around it); by the USPS (Toonigh is identified as "Lebanon"), or after rapid development. In such cases, the roads usually maintain their historic names even if the neighborhoods do not.

There are also a few U.S. highways that cross the area, including 19, 23, 29, 41, and 78.

Other arterials are completely new, like much of Barrett Parkway, Sugarloaf Parkway and South Fulton Parkway, constructed by their counties but partly covered with a state route number. Occasionally, roads are realigned or extended to meet each other directly at a cross-road, leading to odd curves and name changes.

See also

References

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  35. ^ "Evermore HWY 78 – Community Improvement District". www.evermorecid.org. from the original on 9 July 2019. Retrieved 29 January 2018.
  36. ^ "Aerotropolis Atlanta CIDs – airport south". aerocids.com. from the original on 15 October 2017. Retrieved 15 October 2017.
  37. ^ Lindsay Kuhn, Sarah Larson, and Carolyn Bourdeaux, Georgia's Community Improvement Districts (CIDs) 2016-10-09 at the Wayback Machine, Georgia State University, Andrew Young School, The Center for State and Local Finance, June 24, 2016, refer to Appendix C, pages 94–95 for active CIDs in Georgia, Retrieved October 6, 2016.
  38. ^ City of Atlanta, Ga: Press Release. 2016-10-10 at the Wayback Machine May 23, 2016. Retrieved October 6, 2016.
  39. ^ Muriel Vega and Kristyn Back, "Atlanta's First Pop-Up Design Studio Draws Talent to Enhance Urbanism" 2016-10-09 at the Wayback MachineHypepotamus. June 8, 2016. Retrieved October 6, 2016.
  40. ^ Clare S. Richie, "City Design: Studio encourages community to discuss growth" 2016-10-05 at the Wayback MachineAtlanta InTown. October 4, 2016. Retrieved October 6, 2016.
  41. ^ "Atlanta-Sandy Springs-Roswell, GA Metro Area". Census Reporter. from the original on May 18, 2018. Retrieved May 17, 2018.
  42. ^ . Artery.org. Archived from the original on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 15 October 2017.
  43. ^ . HelloAtlanta.com. Archived from the original on 2010-01-14. Retrieved 2009-09-02.
  44. ^  
  45. ^ Tyler Estep. "Gwinnett's MARTA referendum: a comprehensive voter's guide". The Atlanta Journal-Constitution. from the original on 6 February 2023. Retrieved 28 February 2019.
  46. ^ Sjoquist, David L. (2000-05-25). The Atlanta Paradox – David L. Sojquist. ISBN 978-0-87154-808-5. from the original on 2023-02-06. Retrieved 2009-09-02.

External links

  •   Media related to Atlanta metropolitan area at Wikimedia Commons
  •   Metro Atlanta travel guide from Wikivoyage

February 07, 2023
atlanta, metropolitan, area, metro, atlanta, redirects, here, transit, agency, metropolitan, atlanta, rapid, transit, authority, metro, atlanta, designated, united, states, office, management, budget, atlanta, sandy, springs, alpharetta, metropolitan, statisti. Metro Atlanta redirects here For the transit agency see Metropolitan Atlanta Rapid Transit Authority Metro Atlanta designated by the United States Office of Management and Budget as the Atlanta Sandy Springs Alpharetta GA Metropolitan Statistical Area is the most populous metropolitan statistical area in the U S state of Georgia and the eighth largest in the United States Its economic cultural and demographic center is Atlanta and its total population was 6 144 050 according to the 2021 estimate from the U S Census Bureau The metro area forms the core of a broader trading area the Atlanta Athens Clarke Sandy Springs Combined Statistical Area The Combined Statistical Area spans up to 39 counties in north Georgia and one county in Alabama Chambers The Combined Statistical Area recorded in the 2020 U S census a population of 6 930 423 2 Atlanta is the second largest metropolitan area in the Census Bureau s Southeast region behind that of Greater Washington D C It surpassed the Greater Miami area in total population in 2021 3 Metropolitan Atlanta Metro AtlantaMetropolitan areaMidtown AtlantaMetropolitan AtlantaMap of Metro AtlantaShow map of GeorgiaMetropolitan AtlantaMetropolitan Atlanta the United States Show map of the United StatesMetropolitan AtlantaMetropolitan Atlanta Metro Atlanta Show map of Metro AtlantaCoordinates 33 48 N 84 24 W 33 8 N 84 4 W 33 8 84 4 Coordinates 33 48 N 84 24 W 33 8 N 84 4 W 33 8 84 4Country United StatesStateGeorgiaLargest cityAtlantaArea Metro8 376 sq mi 21 694 km2 CSA10 494 03 sq mi 27 179 4 km2 Elevation606 3 288 ft 185 1 002 m Population 2019 Estimates 1 Density624 sq mi 243 km2 Urban4 515 419 9th MSA6 020 364 9th CSA6 853 352 10th Time zoneUTC 5 EST Summer DST UTC 4 EDT ZIP codes300xx to 303xxArea codes404 678 470 inside the perimeter 770 678 470 outside the perimeterWebsitewww wbr metroatlantachamber wbr com Contents 1 Definitions 2 Metropolitan statistical area 2 1 Atlanta Sandy Springs Alpharetta GA Metropolitan Statistical Area 3 Combined statistical area 3 1 Atlanta GA AL Combined Statistical Area 4 Municipalities 4 1 Edge cities 4 2 Cities and suburbs 5 Geography 5 1 Topography and geology 5 1 1 Earthquakes and fault lines 5 2 Climate 5 3 Environment 5 3 1 Flora 5 3 2 Fauna 6 Government and politics 7 Demographics 7 1 Race and ethnicity 7 2 Language 8 Economy 8 1 Utilities 8 2 Housing 8 3 Community improvement districts 9 Education 9 1 Colleges and universities 9 2 School districts 10 Healthcare 10 1 Hospitals with beds 11 Media 11 1 Radio 11 2 TV 11 3 Print 12 Culture and attractions 12 1 Professional sports teams 12 2 Performing arts venues 12 3 Museums 12 4 Amusement 12 5 Parks 12 6 Festivals 12 7 Other 13 Military presence 14 Transportation 14 1 Transit systems 14 2 Commercial railways 14 3 Air 14 4 Roads and freeways 15 See also 16 References 17 External linksDefinitions Edit Location in Georgia MSA counties in red By U S Census Bureau standards the population of the Atlanta region spreads across a metropolitan area of 8 376 square miles 21 694 km2 a land area comparable to that of Massachusetts 4 Because Georgia contains more counties than any other state except Texas explained in part by the now defunct county unit system of weighing votes in primary elections 5 area residents live under a heavily decentralized collection of governments As of the 2000 census fewer than one in ten residents of the metropolitan area lived inside Atlanta city limits 6 A 2006 survey by the Metro Atlanta Chamber of Commerce counted 140 cities and towns in the 28 county Metropolitan Statistical Area MSA in mid 2005 4 Nine cities Johns Creek 2006 Milton 2006 Chattahoochee Hills 2007 Dunwoody 2008 Peachtree Corners 2012 Brookhaven 2012 Tucker 2016 Stonecrest 2016 and South Fulton 2017 have incorporated since then following the lead of Sandy Springs in 2005 7 8 9 The Atlanta metropolitan area was first defined in 1950 as Fulton DeKalb Gwinnett Cobb and Clayton counties Walton Newton Douglas Fayette Forsyth Henry Cherokee Rockdale and Butts counties were added after the 1970 census with Barrow and Coweta counties joining in 1980 and Bartow Carroll Paulding Pickens and Spalding counties in 1990 Atlanta s larger combined statistical area CSA adds the Gainesville and Athens metropolitan areas plus LaGrange Thomaston Jefferson Calhoun and Cedartown micropolitan areas for a total 2012 population of 6 162 195 The CSA also abuts the Macon and Columbus MSAs The region is one of the metropolises of the Southeastern United States and is part of the emerging megalopolis known as Piedmont Atlantic Megaregion along the I 85 Corridor In 2019 the name of the MSA was changed from Atlanta Sandy Springs Roswell to Atlanta Sandy Springs Alpharetta 10 Metropolitan statistical area EditThe counties listed below are included in the Atlanta Sandy Springs Alpharetta GA Metropolitan Statistical Area 11 However some entities define a much smaller metropolitan area by including only the counties which have the densest suburban development Fulton DeKalb Gwinnett Cobb and Clayton were the five original counties when the Atlanta metropolitan area was first defined in 1950 and continue to be the core of the metro area These five counties along with six more Cherokee Douglas Fayette Henry Rockdale and Forsyth are members of the Atlanta Regional Commission a weak metropolitan government organization which also is a regional planning agency The eleven ARC counties bolded and four more Bartow Coweta Hall Paulding with an asterisk form part of the Metropolitan North Georgia Water Planning District created in 2001 Atlanta Sandy Springs Alpharetta GA Metropolitan Statistical Area Edit County Seat 2020 Census 2010 Census Change Area DensityFulton Atlanta 1 066 710 920 581 15 87 534 sq mi 1 380 km2 1 998 sq mi 771 km2 Gwinnett Lawrenceville 957 062 805 321 18 84 437 sq mi 1 130 km2 2 190 sq mi 846 km2 Cobb Marietta 766 149 688 078 11 35 345 sq mi 890 km2 2 221 sq mi 857 km2 DeKalb Decatur 764 382 691 893 10 48 271 sq mi 700 km2 2 821 sq mi 1 089 km2 Clayton Jonesboro 297 595 259 424 14 71 144 sq mi 370 km2 2 067 sq mi 798 km2 Cherokee Canton 266 620 214 346 24 39 434 sq mi 1 120 km2 614 sq mi 237 km2 Forsyth Cumming 251 283 175 511 43 17 224 sq mi 580 km2 1 122 sq mi 433 km2 Henry McDonough 240 712 203 922 18 04 327 sq mi 850 km2 736 sq mi 284 km2 Paulding Dallas 168 661 142 324 18 50 314 sq mi 810 km2 537 sq mi 207 km2 Coweta Newnan 146 158 127 317 14 80 446 sq mi 1 160 km2 328 sq mi 127 km2 Douglas Douglasville 144 237 132 403 8 94 201 sq mi 520 km2 718 sq mi 277 km2 Fayette Fayetteville 119 194 106 567 11 85 199 sq mi 520 km2 599 sq mi 231 km2 Carroll Carrollton 119 148 110 527 7 80 504 sq mi 1 310 km2 236 sq mi 91 km2 Newton Covington 112 483 99 958 12 53 279 sq mi 720 km2 403 sq mi 156 km2 Bartow Cartersville 108 901 100 157 8 73 470 sq mi 1 200 km2 232 sq mi 89 km2 Walton Monroe 96 673 83 768 15 41 330 sq mi 850 km2 293 sq mi 113 km2 Rockdale Conyers 93 570 85 215 9 80 132 sq mi 340 km2 709 sq mi 274 km2 Barrow Winder 83 505 69 367 20 38 163 sq mi 420 km2 512 sq mi 198 km2 Spalding Griffin 67 306 64 073 5 05 200 sq mi 520 km2 337 sq mi 130 km2 Pickens Jasper 33 216 29 431 12 86 233 sq mi 600 km2 143 sq mi 55 km2 Haralson Buchanan 29 919 28 780 3 96 283 sq mi 730 km2 106 sq mi 41 km2 Dawson Dawsonville 26 798 22 330 20 01 214 sq mi 550 km2 125 sq mi 48 km2 Butts Jackson 25 434 23 655 7 52 188 sq mi 490 km2 135 sq mi 52 km2 Meriwether Greenville 20 613 21 992 6 27 505 sq mi 1 310 km2 41 sq mi 16 km2 Morgan Madison 20 097 17 868 12 47 361 sq mi 930 km2 56 sq mi 21 km2 Pike Zebulon 18 889 17 869 5 71 219 sq mi 570 km2 86 sq mi 33 km2 Lamar Barnesville 18 500 18 317 1 00 186 sq mi 480 km2 99 sq mi 38 km2 Jasper Monticello 14 588 13 900 4 95 373 sq mi 970 km2 39 sq mi 15 km2 Heard Franklin 11 412 11 834 3 57 301 sq mi 780 km2 38 sq mi 15 km2 Total 6 089 815 5 286 728 15 19 8 376 sq mi 21 690 km2 727 sq mi 281 km2 The 12 counties listed above with under 85 000 residents are usually not included in any other metropolitan definition except the OMB Census Bureau s MSA and CSA Hall County forms the Gainesville MSA but with astronomical growth to over 200 000 residents is now also part of the Atlanta CSA The official tourism website of the State of Georgia features a Metro Atlanta tourism region that includes only eight counties Fulton DeKalb Gwinnett Cobb Clayton Douglas Fayette and Henry Combined statistical area EditAtlanta GA AL Combined Statistical Area Edit Statistical area 2020 Census 2010 Census Change Area DensityAtlanta Sandy Springs Alpharetta GA Metropolitan Statistical Area 6 089 815 5 286 728 15 19 8 376 sq mi 21 690 km2 727 sq mi 281 km2 Athens Clarke County GA Metropolitan Statistical Area 215 415 192 541 11 88 1 035 sq mi 2 680 km2 208 sq mi 80 km2 Gainesville GA Metropolitan Statistical Area 203 136 179 684 13 05 429 sq mi 1 110 km2 474 sq mi 183 km2 LaGrange GA AL Micropolitan Statistical Area 104 198 101 259 2 90 446 sq mi 1 160 km2 234 sq mi 90 km2 Rome GA Metropolitan Statistical Area 98 584 96 317 2 35 518 sq mi 1 340 km2 190 sq mi 73 km2 Jefferson GA Micropolitan Statistical Area 75 907 60 485 25 50 343 sq mi 890 km2 221 sq mi 85 km2 Cornelia GA Micropolitan Statistical Area 46 031 43 041 6 95 279 sq mi 720 km2 165 sq mi 64 km2 Cedartown GA Micropolitan Statistical Area 42 853 41 475 3 32 312 sq mi 810 km2 137 sq mi 53 km2 Thomaston GA Micropolitan Statistical Area 27 700 27 153 2 01 328 sq mi 850 km2 84 sq mi 33 km2 Toccoa GA Micropolitan Statistical Area 26 784 26 175 2 33 184 sq mi 480 km2 146 sq mi 56 km2 Total 6 930 423 6 020 643 15 11 12 250 sq mi 31 700 km2 566 sq mi 218 km2 Municipalities Edit The skylines of Downtown Midtown Buckhead all within the city of Atlanta and Perimeter Center viewed from the southwest near Hartsfield Jackson Atlanta International Airport Atlanta suburbs and surrounding cities map Note that the newly incorporated cities of Brookhaven Peachtree Corners Tucker Stonecrest and South Fulton are not yet shown as incorporated gray on the map Edge cities Edit Cumberland Perimeter Center Hartsfield Jackson area Gwinnett Place Sugarloaf areaMore than one half of metro Atlanta s population is in unincorporated areas or areas considered a census designated place CDP by the census bureau One notable example is East Cobb an unincorporated area though not a CDP adjacent to Marietta and Roswell in Cobb County With an estimated population of approximately 208 000 as of 2019 it would be the second largest city in the metro besides Atlanta if incorporated 12 Metro Atlanta includes the following incorporated and unincorporated suburbs both inside and outside Atlanta exurbs and surrounding cities sorted by population according to 2010 census data or later data if the city was incorporated after 2010 and census data is unavailable 13 Cities and suburbs Edit Principal city Atlanta pop 498 044Places with 75 000 to 99 999 inhabitants South Fulton incorporated 2017 pop 95 158 Sandy Springs pop 93 853 Roswell pop 88 346 Johns Creek pop 76 728Places with 50 000 to 74 999 inhabitants Alpharetta pop 57 551 Marietta pop 56 579 Stonecrest incorporated 2016 pop 53 490 Smyrna pop 51 271Places with 25 000 to 49 999 inhabitants Dunwoody pop 46 267 Peachtree Corners incorporated 2012 pop 43 905 Brookhaven incorporated 2012 pop 40 456 Mableton CDP 37 115 Peachtree City pop 34 364 Gainesville pop 33 804 East Point pop 33 712 Tucker incorporated 2016 pop 33 380 Newnan pop 33 039 Redan CDP pop 33 015 Milton pop 32 661 Douglasville pop 30 961 Kennesaw pop 29 783 Chamblee pop 29 231 Lawrenceville pop 28 546 Carrollton pop 26 738 Duluth pop 26 660 Stockbridge pop 25 636 Places with 24 999 or fewer inhabitants Woodstock pop 23 896 Griffin pop 23 643 Candler McAfee CDP pop 23 025 Canton pop 22 958 McDonough pop 22 084 Acworth pop 20 425 Cartersville pop 19 731 Union City pop 19 456 Decatur pop 19 335 North Druid Hills CDP pop 18 947 Sugar Hill pop 18 522 Forest Park pop 18 468 Snellville pop 18 242 North Decatur CDP pop 16 698 Fayetteville pop 15 945 Lithia Springs CDP pop 15 491 Suwanee pop 15 355 Conyers pop 15 195 Belvedere Park CDP pop 15 152 Riverdale pop 15 134 Druid Hills CDP pop 14 568 Winder pop 14 099 Villa Rica pop 13 956 College Park pop 13 942 Powder Springs pop 13 940 Monroe pop 13 478 Covington pop 13 118 Fairburn pop 12 950 Buford pop 12 225 Lilburn pop 11 596 Mountain Park Gwinnett CDP pop 11 554 Dallas pop 11 544 Loganville pop 10 458 Panthersville CDP pop 9 749 Vinings CDP pop 9 734 Tyrone pop 9 534 Thomaston pop 9 170 Norcross pop 9 116 Doraville pop 8 330 Clarkston pop 7 554 Braselton pop 7 511 Irondale CDP pop 7 446 Centerville CDP pop 7 148 Hampton pop 6 987 Auburn CDP pop 6 887 Barnesville pop 6 775 Austell pop 6 581 Morrow pop 6 445 Lovejoy pop 6 422 Hapeville pop 6 373 Conley CDP pop 6 228 Stone Mountain pop 5 802 Flowery Branch pop 5 679 Cumming pop 5 430 Locust Grove pop 5 402 Jonesboro pop 4 724 Palmetto pop 4 448 Dacula pop 4 442 Bonanza CDP pop 3 135 Avondale Estates pop 2 960 Lakeview Estates CDP pop 2 695 Grayson pop 2 666 Lake City pop 2 612 Chattahoochee Hills pop 2 378 Lithonia pop 1 924 Berkeley Lake pop 1 574Geography Edit The topography and geography of Atlanta Topography and geology Edit The area sprawls across the low foothills of the Appalachian Mountains to the north and the Piedmont to the south The northern and some western suburbs tend to be higher and significantly more hilly than the southern and eastern suburbs The average elevation is around 1 000 feet 300 m The highest point in the immediate area is Kennesaw Mountain at 1 808 ft 551 m followed by Stone Mountain at 1 686 ft 514 m Sweat Mountain at 1 640 ft 500 m and Little Kennesaw Mountain at 1 600 ft 488 m Others include Blackjack Mountain Lost Mountain Brushy Mountain Pine Mountain and Mount Wilkinson Vinings Mountain Many of these play prominently in the various battles of the Atlanta Campaign during the American Civil War If the further north counties are included Bear Mountain is highest followed by Pine Log Mountain Sawnee Mountain and Hanging Mountain followed by the others listed above Stone Sweat Bear and Sawnee are all home to some of the area s broadcast stations The area s subsoil is a dense clay soil colored rusty by the iron oxide present in it It becomes very muddy and sticky when wet and hard when dry and stains light colored carpets and clothing easily It also tends to have a low pH further aggravating gardeners The fineness of it also means it is easily deposited into streams during heavy rains creating silt problems where it is exposed due to construction This transported red soil can be seen downstream on the riverbanks of south Georgia where the native clay is white and down to the Florida panhandle where the native sand is also white Topsoil is present only in natural forest areas created by the decomposition of leaf litter Earthquakes and fault lines Edit An extinct fault line called the Brevard Fault runs roughly parallel to the Chattahoochee River but as its last movements were apparently prehistoric it is considered extinct and not a threat to the region Still minor earthquakes do rattle the area and all of Georgia occasionally One notable one was in April 2003 magnitude 4 6 coming from the northwest its epicenter just across the state line in northeastern Alabama While many people slept through the 5A M quake it caused a minor panic in others completely unaware of what was happening Similar earthquakes occur in this region called the Eastern Tennessee Seismic Zone often felt much more widely across the stronger crust of eastern North America as compared to the west Thus the 1886 Charleston South Carolina earthquake was also felt in Atlanta and throughout the Southeast It caused damage as far as central Alabama and West Virginia Two small earthquakes were also felt on the southeast side near Eatonton in early April 2009 The New Madrid Seismic Zone near the Missouri Tennessee borders and the seismic zone producing the 1886 magnitude 7 3 earthquake are still capable of producing moderate or major earthquakes which the entire Atlanta area will feel moderately or even strongly Climate Edit Main article Climate of Atlanta The Atlanta metro area has a humid subtropical climate with four seasons although summer is the longest January daily lows average from 32 35 F 0 2 C north to south and highs range from 48 54 F 9 12 C but often reach well above or below this average There is an average annual snowfall of about 2 5 inches 6 4 cm falling mostly from December through March though there was snow north of the city on April 3 1987 Snow flurries are actually common during the winter months when there is an especially deep trough in the jet stream These events usually do not amount to more than a slight dusting and therefore go unrecognized in most weather summaries Summers by contrast are long and consistently hot and humid with July mornings averaging 71 F 22 C and afternoons averaging 89 F 32 C slight breezes and typically a 20 40 chance of afternoon thunderstorms During the summer afternoon thunderstorms temperatures may suddenly drop to 70 77 degrees with locally heavy rainfall Average annual rainfall is about 50 2 inches 1 280 mm with late winter and early spring as well as July being the wettest and fall especially October being the driest From 1878 to 2011 the highest recorded temperatures at Atlanta were 105 F 40 6 C on three days in the extraordinarily hot July 1980 followed by 104 F 40 C that month and in August 2007 the hottest month ever for the area This was broken on the last day of June 2012 when the temperature reached 106 F 41 1 C during a massive heat wave that hit most of the country with another 105 the next day tying the July record The lowest recorded temperatures were 6 F 21 C and 8 F 22 C on January 20 and 21 of 1985 and 9 F 23 C on February 13 1899 during severe cold snaps that went so far south they devastated the entire citrus industry in central Florida Hurricane Opal brought sustained tropical storm conditions to the area one night in early October 1995 uprooting hundreds of trees and causing widespread power outages after soaking the area with rain for two days prior Since 1950 some metro counties have been hit more than 20 times by tornadoes with Cobb 26 and Fulton 22 being two of the highest in the state The Dunwoody tornado in early April 1998 was the worst tornado to have struck the area A tornado struck downtown Atlanta in March 2008 causing a half billion dollars in damage one of the most expensive storms ever recorded anywhere The area experiences a winter storm with significant snowfall about once each year however this can be extremely irregular with several consecutive years receiving no measurable snow A blizzard see 1993 Storm of the Century caught much of the Southeast off guard in 1993 dumping 4 5 inches 11 4 cm at the Atlanta airport on March 13 and much more than that in the suburbs to the north and west as well as in the mountains The only other recorded winter storm of comparable severity was the Great Blizzard of 1899 The heaviest snow however was in January 1940 when 8 3 inches 21 1 cm buried the city during its coldest month on record The second heaviest was in 1983 when a very late storm dumped 7 9 inches 20 1 cm on March 24 Ice storms have also occurred in the area The well remembered 1973 ice storm was brutal as was the storm in 1982 The Southeastern U S drought of 2006 2008 began with dry weather in 2006 and left area lakes very low The drought finally began to abate significantly after the 2009 Atlanta floods when some areas got up to 20 inches 500 mm of rain in a week with half of that falling in just 24 hours near the end of the period The USGS calculated it to be a greater than 500 year flood Environment Edit The area s prolific rains are drained by many different streams and creeks The main basin is that of the Chattahoochee River running northeast to southwest The further northwestern suburbs drain into the Etowah River via the Little River and Lake Allatoona The southern suburbs are drained by the Flint River and the east southeastern ones by the Oconee River and Yellow River By 2005 the metro area was using 360 million US gallons 1 400 000 m3 of water per day about 80 US gallons 300 L per person per day from these rivers This usage was reduced by more than 10 during the drought but soared back up after watering restrictions were eased and before the flooding ensued The need for water is seen as a barrier to further growth in the area but permanent measures for non emergency water conservation have never been put in place citation needed The state legislature has refused to pass a requirement for low flow toilets to be installed in homes that are sold bowing to pressure from the real estate sales industry citation needed Disputes over water are becoming increasingly common with both Alabama and Florida filing lawsuits and threatening injunctions to prevent Georgia from taking too much water mostly for metro Atlanta citation needed South Carolina also threatened when a pipeline east to the Savannah River was mentioned even informally citation needed The state has now been ordered by a judge to reduce withdrawals from the Chattahoochee south of Lanier to 1970s levels within three years 2012 something that would create an immediate emergency water shortage if it were actually enforced citation needed Flora Edit The native forest canopy is mainly oak redbud hickory poplar tuliptree pine and sweetgum with chestnut having been common decades before in what is now considered oak hickory forest Saw palmetto Sabal palmetto and Trachycarpus fortunei have become common ornamentals as well Traveling from the south the metro area is generally the first area in which autumn leaf color can be seen due to the different trees growing at the higher elevation and latitude Underneath the flowering dogwood is very common the black cherry are quite prolific with mulberry popping up sometimes as well Sourwood is also in its native range and is easily identified by the fact that it turns fiery red in early October much brighter and weeks earlier than most other trees which usually peak in early November Shrubby plants include blackberry horsechestnut sumac and sometimes hawthorn Virginia creeper poison ivy and briar are common vines The Confederate yellow daisy is a wildflower native only to the area around Stone Mountain Common garden plants include dogwood azalea hydrangea flowering cherry maples pin oak red tip photinia holly juniper white pine magnolia Bradford pear forsythia liriope mondograss and English ivy Lawns can be either cool season grasses like fescue and rye or warm season like zoysia and bermudagrass which turn brown in late fall A few homeowners associations actually prohibit green grass in the winter Native to the nearby mountains maples are now one of the most common landscape trees for new homes and parking lots giving their color in the fall instead of spring When planted close to buildings which provide shelter and radiate heat they can retain some of their color into December especially if November has been warm Common lawn weeds are mock strawberry violet wild onion and of course the ubiquitous dandelion crabgrass and plantain By far the most notorious introduced species is kudzu a highly invasive species from Japan which climbs and smothers trees and shrubs New effective herbicides as well as increased development of formerly rural areas has greatly reduced kudzu in the metro area although still quite common elsewhere in Georgia Wisteria planted decades ago by farmers in then rural areas has become wild and is common in undeveloped forests Some vines exceed 50 years of age and cover dozens of acres of forest creating a dense purple explosion each spring Japanese honeysuckle is extremely common its fragrance an early summer delight A common ornamental shrub the Chinese privet has escaped to become the state s most invasive non native plant species Fauna Edit Among mammals the eastern gray squirrel is by far the most ubiquitous stealing birdseed from the bird feeders which many locals maintain Chipmunks and small brown rabbits are common but it is relatively rare to hear of them doing any damage Opossum raccoons foxes coyotes and armadillos are frequently seen Garden and meadow snakes are common six venomous pit viper snakes Eastern diamondback rattlesnake timber rattlesnake pygmy rattlesnake coral snake water moccasin and copperhead are indigenous but reports of bites are rare Many types of frogs including tree frogs and bullfrogs are easily heard in early summer as are cicadas in July and August Black bears occasionally wander down from the mountains and white tailed deer are abundant overpopulated in some areas Homeowners in the outer suburbs are prone to landscaping damage due to scavenging deer The most common birds are the brown thrasher the GA state bird American crow European or common starling American robin mourning dove house sparrow northern cardinal house finch Carolina chickadee tufted titmouse bluejay white breasted nuthatch eastern bluebird mockingbird brown headed nuthatch and Carolina wren Birds of prey thrive in the area with three varieties of hawks common near open fields in even the most populated areas Falcons roost on skyscrapers in downtown Atlanta and can be regularly seen feasting on pigeons The American kestrel is sometimes seen Late in the year three species of owls can be heard nightly in wooded areas Various woodpeckers can be seen in forested lots including the red bellied woodpecker northern flicker also known as the yellow shafted flicker and the downy woodpecker The red headed woodpecker is common in open fields and on golf courses The American goldfinch is present mostly in winter and the ruby throated hummingbird only in summer Government and politics Edit Downtown Marietta s historic town square In geographic terms Georgia has the smallest average county size of any state citation needed This focuses government more locally but allows greater conflict between multiple jurisdictions each with its own agenda The first significant intergovernmental agency in metro Atlanta was the Metropolitan Atlanta Rapid Transit Authority which runs the MARTA public transportation system Alongside other factors such as race and class as well as a lack of planning and perceived lack of need problems associated with the inner city of Atlanta crime poverty and poor public school performance influenced Cobb Gwinnett and Clayton county voters to refuse to allow construction of MARTA into their respective counties during the 1970s These decisions resulted in permanent effects on land development in the region making use of private automobiles even more of a necessity citation needed The Atlanta Regional Commission is so far the closest that the area has come to a metropolitan government It approves only those projects deemed to have a positive effect beyond the immediate area in which they are to be constructed The Georgia Regional Transportation Authority is somewhat of a cross between ARC and MARTA working to improve mobility air quality and land use practices in the region GRTA also operates Xpress buses from 11 counties and could operate commuter rail service in the future Currently plans for commuter rail and eventual intercity rail including the long proposed but still unfunded Atlanta Multimodal Passenger Terminal are the responsibility of the Georgia Rail Passenger Authority which receives almost no funding Since 2007 proposals have been floated to allow new multi county sales taxes in addition to existing county sales taxes for roads to pay for regional transportation initiatives 14 Presidential election results Year DEM GOP Others2020 57 0 1 684 934 41 6 1 229 242 1 4 39 9502016 52 3 1 250 397 44 2 1 057 123 3 5 82 7812012 49 4 1 108 989 49 0 1 099 845 1 5 34 2082008 51 3 1 153 849 47 7 1 074 509 1 0 22 8982004 44 1 818 067 55 2 1 023 670 0 7 13 6612000 44 4 631 882 52 5 746 974 3 1 43 6351996 46 1 565 241 47 3 579 727 6 6 81 1991992 43 3 521 891 43 4 522 934 13 4 161 0131988 39 5 358 191 59 8 542 979 0 7 6 5161984 38 0 322 409 61 9 524 579 0 0 3541980 52 5 381 253 43 1 312 920 4 4 32 1601976 63 9 417 621 35 8 233 778 0 3 1 9171972 27 4 142 069 72 3 374 580 0 3 1 6531968 30 3 150 806 36 6 182 609 33 1 165 0931964 50 2 218 167 49 8 216 221 0 0 421960 59 0 163 034 40 9 113 022 0 0 91Demographics EditMain article Demographics of Metro Atlanta Historical populationCensus Pop 1900419 375 1910522 44224 6 1920622 28319 1 1930715 39115 0 1940820 57914 7 1950997 66621 6 19601 312 47431 6 19701 763 62634 4 19802 233 32426 6 19902 959 95032 5 20004 112 19838 9 20105 286 72828 6 20206 089 81515 2 U S Decennial CensusThe 2020 census counted 6 089 815 people in the 28 county metro area This was an increase of 803 087 versus the same 28 county area in 2010 The population increased by 15 2 between 2010 and 2020 less than the 28 6 increase between 2000 and 2010 Race ethnicity orforeign born status Pop 2010 of total 2010 Pop 2000 A of total 2000 absolutechange 2000 2010 B change 2000 2010 B Total 5 268 860 4 112 198White only 2 920 480 55 4 2 589 888 63 0 330 592 12 8 Non Hispanic white only 2 671 757 50 7 2 447 856 59 5 223 901 9 1 Black only 1 707 913 32 4 1 189 179 28 9 518 734 43 6 Asian only and Pacific Islander only 256 956 4 9 137 640 3 3 119 316 86 7 Asian Indian 78 980 1 5 37 162 0 9 41 818 112 5 Korean 43 870 0 8 22 317 0 5 21 553 96 6 Chinese 37 660 0 7 22 564 0 5 15 096 66 9 Vietnamese 36 554 0 7 23 996 0 6 12 558 52 3 Hispanic or Latino of any race 747 400 10 4 268 851 6 5 278 549 103 6 Mexican 354 351 6 0 165 109 4 0 149 242 90 4 Puerto Rican 43 337 0 8 19 358 0 5 23 979 123 9 Cuban 17 648 0 3 9 206 0 2 8 442 91 7 Foreign born 916 434 13 6 424 519 10 3 291 915 68 8 A Atlanta MSA in 2000 did not include Butts Dawson Haralson Heard Jasper Lamar Meriwether and Pike counties whose population totalled in 2000 135 783 in 2010 156 368 2 96 of total new 28 county metro 15 B Compares the larger 28 county Atlanta Sandy Springs Marietta MSA 2010 with a smaller 20 county Atlanta MSA 2000 however the 8 new counties represent less than 3 of the larger 28 county metro Source for race and Hispanic population U S Census Bureau 2010 and 2000 census for foreign born population US Census Bureau 2010 and 2000 American Community Surveys Immigrants in 2010 Metropolitan America Brookings Institution Race and ethnicity Edit White Americans made up 55 4 of metro Atlanta s population in 2010 a relative decrease from 63 0 ten years earlier but in absolute numbers their population increased by over 330 000 Non Hispanic whites proportionally dropped from 59 5 to 50 7 of the metro s population while increasing by about 224 000 Black Americans are the largest racial minority with 32 4 of the population in 2010 up from 28 9 in 2000 The city of Atlanta has long been regarded as a black mecca for its role as a center of black education political power wealth and culture From 2000 to 2010 the geographic distribution of blacks in Metro Atlanta changed radically Long concentrated in the city of Atlanta and DeKalb County the black population there dropped as more than half a million African Americans settled across other parts of the metro area including approximately 112 000 in Gwinnett County 71 000 in Fulton outside Atlanta 58 000 in Cobb 50 000 in Clayton 34 000 in Douglas and 27 000 each in Newton and Rockdale counties 16 Due to its availability of jobs Atlanta has been a destination for young college educated blacks in the Reverse Great Migration of African Americans from the North since the turn of the 21st century with many settling quickly into suburban locations The metropolitan area has the second highest total African American population of any metropolitan area with only the New York City metro area having more Year Black pop inCity of Atlanta Black pop inDeKalb County Total black pop Atlanta DeKalb Total black pop Metro Atlanta Proportion of black pop in Atlanta DeKalb2000 255 689 361 111 616 800 1 189 179 51 9 2010 226 894 375 697 602 591 1 707 913 35 2 Hispanic Americans are the fastest growing ethnic group At 10 4 of the metro s population in 2010 versus only 6 5 in 2000 the metro s Hispanic population increased an astounding 109 6 or 298 459 people in ten years Major Hispanic groups include 354 351 Mexicans 43 337 Puerto Ricans and 17 648 Cubans All of those groups populations increased by over 90 in the ten year period Of the metro s 299 000 person increase in the Hispanic population from 2000 to 2010 98 000 were in Gwinnett County 57 000 in Cobb 55 000 in Fulton all but 3 000 outside the city of Atlanta 20 000 in Hall and 15 000 in DeKalb County 17 The Asian American population also increased rapidly from 2000 to 2010 There were 296 956 Asian Americans in the metro area in 2010 making up 5 9 of the population This represented an 87 increase over 2000 The largest Asian groups are 108 980 Indian Americans 93 870 Korean Americans 67 660 Chinese Americans and 66 554 Vietnamese Americans Atlanta also has Georgia s largest Bosnian American population with approximately 10 000 in the metro area mainly in Gwinnett County 18 Metro Atlanta has an increasingly international population with 716 434 foreign born residents in 2010 a 69 increase since 2000 with suburban Gwinnnett County being one of the most diverse counties in the Southeastern United States 19 This was the fourth largest rate of growth among the nation s top 100 metros after Baltimore Orlando and Las Vegas The foreign born proportion of the population went up from 10 3 to 13 6 and Atlanta moved up from 14th to 12th in ranking of U S metro areas with the largest immigrant population by sheer numbers Still its 13 6 proportion of immigrants is only the 29th highest of the nation s top 100 metros 20 Metro Atlanta s immigrants are more suburban than those of most cities Out of the top 100 U S metros Atlanta has the 11th highest ratio of the foreign born living in the suburbs and not in the core city 20 Atlanta has a few ethnic enclaves such as a Koreatown and areas such as the Buford Highway Corridor in DeKalb County and parts of Gwinnett County are commercial centers for multiple ethnic communities In 1990 greater Atlanta had the largest Japanese population in the Southeast United States The Consulate General of Japan in Atlanta estimated that during that year 7 500 to 10 000 Japanese lived in greater Atlanta Of the metropolitan areas in the Southeast United States as of 1990 greater Atlanta had the most extensive education network for Japanese nationals 21 Language Edit In 2008 approximately 83 3 of the population five years and older spoke only English at home which is roughly 4 125 000 people Over 436 000 people 8 8 spoke Spanish at home giving Metro Atlanta the 15th highest number of Spanish speakers among American metropolitan areas MSAs Over 193 000 people 3 9 spoke other Indo European languages at home People who speak an Asian language at home numbered over 137 000 and made up 2 8 of the population 22 23 Economy EditFurther information Economy of Metro Atlanta The Atlanta area is home to 31 Fortune 1000 headquarters 2022 rankings ATLrank Company City Sector Fortunerank1 The Home Depot Atlanta Retail 172 United Parcel Service Sandy Springs Package delivery 343 Coca Cola Company Atlanta Beverage 934 Delta Air Lines Atlanta Airline 1135 Southern Company Atlanta Energy 1536 Genuine Parts NAPA Atlanta Automotive parts 1917 WestRock Sandy Springs Packaging 1928 PulteGroup Atlanta Home building 2679 Norfolk Southern Atlanta Railroad 33210 AGCO Duluth Farm equipment 33411 Newell Brands Sandy Springs Consumer goods 34812 Asbury Automotive Group Duluth Automotive retail 36013 Intercontinental Exchange Sandy Springs Information 45914 Global Payments Atlanta Financial 40715 Graphic Packaging Sandy Springs Packaging 46616 NCR Atlanta Technology 46617 Veritiv Sandy Springs Packaging logistics 47718 Equifax Atlanta Information 61719 BlueLinx Marietta Building products 66520 Carter s Atlanta Clothing 68921 SiteOne Landscape Supply Roswell Landscape 75622 Acuity Brands Atlanta Lighting 75923 Floor amp Decor Smyrna Flooring products 76424 GMS Tucker Building products 78625 FleetCor Technologies Atlanta Financial 86826 Americold Realty Trust Sandy Springs Cold storage 89327 Primerica Duluth Financial services 89528 Rollins Atlanta Home services 93029 Gray Television Atlanta Broadcasting 93530 Saia Johns Creek Transportation 96131 Beazer Homes USA Sandy Springs Home building 992The Federal Reserve Bank of Atlanta is the sixth district of the 12 Federal Reserve Banks of the United States and is headquartered in midtown Atlanta The Atlanta Fed covers the U S states of Alabama Florida and Georgia the eastern two thirds of Tennessee the southern portion of Louisiana and southern Mississippi as part of the Federal Reserve System Utilities Edit The area is the world s largest toll free calling zone spanning 7 162 square miles 18 549 km2 24 has four active telephone area codes and local calling extending into portions of two others 404 which originally covered all of northern Georgia until 1992 now covers mostly the area inside the Perimeter Interstate 285 In 1995 the suburbs were put into 770 requiring mandatory ten digit dialing even for local calls under FCC rules This made Atlanta one of the US s first cities to employ ten digit dialing 25 which was begun by BellSouth the year before the Centennial 1996 Olympic Games In 1998 678 was overlaid onto both of the existing 404 and 770 area codes Mobile phones originally only assigned to 404 may now have any local area code regardless of where in the region they were issued Area code 470 the newest area code was overlaid with 404 and 770 in the same fashion as 678 The local calling area also includes portions of 706 762 and a small area of 256 in Alabama on the Georgia border 26 The city of Atlanta is the most wired city in the United States 27 Many residents access the internet on a high speed broadband and or WiFi connection It is home to one of the world s largest fiber optic bundles Major petroleum and natural gas pipelines cross the area running from the Gulf coast Texas and Louisiana to the population centers of the Northeastern U S This includes Colonial Pipeline and Plantation Pipeline both based in Alpharetta Metro Atlanta primarily uses natural gas for central heating and water heaters with the major exception of heat pumps in apartments built during and since the 1980s This is because winters are mild and large apartment buildings usually require little energy to heat Backup heat also used during defrosting is usually supplied by electric resistance heating though some homes have hybrid heating units which use gas backup when it is cold Exurban homes may also use all electric instead of gas if gas mains have not been extended to an area Cooktops and ovens are a mix of gas and electric while gas clothes dryers are rather rare Nearly all homes have a fireplace citation needed with a manual valve gas starter and some are now equipped with permanent gas logs with electric switch start Some homes also have natural gas barbecue grills formerly sold at utility company stores Georgia Power is the main electric power company across the state and the metro area beginning in 1902 as Georgia Railway and Power Company Atlanta s streetcar trolley company Several electric membership corporations also serve the suburbs These include the second largest EMC in the nation 28 in Jackson EMC Cobb EMC Walton EMC and Sawnee EMC The city of Marietta operates its own electric utility Marietta Power under the Board of Lights amp Water BLW It is also a member of the Municipal Electric Association of Georgia MEAG Atlanta Gas Light is the natural gas utility for the region and has been so for over a century and a half since it installed gas lamps in Atlanta in 1856 It operated as a regulated monopoly until November 1998 the after the state legislature voted in early 1997 to deregulate natural gas marketing and make customers choose among nearly 20 different marketers still selling the same AGL wholesaled gas such as Gas South Infinite Energy SCANA and Georgia Natural Gas Most of the gas comes via pipeline from Louisiana Water is provided by various county and a few city systems Several of these systems actually serve parts of neighboring counties and cities as well The Cobb Marietta Water Authority serves not only Cobb but also parts of neighboring Paulding and Cherokee counties for example During drought or other emergency cities and counties can enact outdoor water use restrictions however some cross jurisdiction water systems have also acted to put bans in place In late September 2007 the state Environmental Protection Division of the Georgia Department of Natural Resources stepped in with its first ever ban covering most of the northern half of the state While surface water is by far the primary source of water for the region the drought had many systems and a few wealthy homeowners drilling new wells for ground water though the local water table is around 400 feet 120 m deep on average Sewerage is also handled by the water utilities but the various water and sewer networks may not conform to the same boundaries resulting in interbasin water transfers This is for practical reasons because the area is hilly and divided by several watersheds because the area has developed irregularly and erratically and because water treatment plants are usually not near sewage treatment plants Septic tanks are still used in the older homes of some exurbs Housing Edit Low density residential subdivision development dominates the metro Atlanta suburbs Changes in house prices for the metro area are publicly tracked on a regular basis using the Case Shiller index the statistic is published by Standard amp Poor s and is also a component of S amp P s 20 city composite index of the value of the U S residential real estate market Community improvement districts Edit All of Georgia s community improvement districts are located in metro Atlanta Buckhead Community Improvement District covering Buckhead 29 Perimeter Center Community Improvement Districts covering the Perimeter Center area of Sandy Springs and Dunwoody 30 Cumberland Community Improvement District around Cumberland Mall 31 Town Center Area Community Improvement District around Town Center at Cobb mall 32 Gwinnett Place Community Improvement District around Gwinnett Place Mall 33 Gateway85 Community Improvement District covering area southeast of Norcross 34 Evermore Community Improvement District or Highway 78 Community Improvement District covering part of the U S 78 corridor in Gwinnett near Snellville 35 Lilburn Community Improvement District established early 2010 in Lilburn Aerotropolis Atlanta CIDs 36 Boulevard CID industrial district created 2010 37 In May 2016 the City of Atlanta launched Atlanta City Studio the city s first pop up urban design laboratory focused on shaping the future of city neighborhoods 38 The studio hosts lectures open forums urban art presentations and other neighborhood and design components 39 Atlanta City Studio will relocate twice per year in order for residents to interact with staff and share their ideas about improving city design The studio is located on the second floor of Ponce City Market and in January 2017 will relocate to a retail location on the Westside possibly on MLK Jr Drive or Cascade Road 40 Education EditColleges and universities Edit Agnes Scott College Decatur Atlanta Metropolitan State College Atlanta Atlanta Technical College Atlanta Atlanta University Center Atlanta Clark Atlanta University Morehouse College Morehouse School of Medicine Spelman College Brenau University Gainesville Chattahoochee Technical College Acworth and Marietta Clayton State University Morrow Columbia Theological Seminary Decatur Emory University Atlanta Georgia College Milledgeville Georgia Gwinnett College Lawrenceville Georgia Institute of Technology Atlanta Georgia Piedmont Technical College Clarkston Georgia State University Atlanta Perimeter College Alpharetta Clarkston Covington Decatur and Dunwoody Gwinnett Technical College Lawrenceville Interdenominational Theological Center Atlanta John Marshall Law School Atlanta Kennesaw State University Kennesaw and Marietta Lanier Technical College Gainesville Cumming Winder Dawsonville and Commerce Life University Marietta Mercer University Atlanta Morris Brown College Atlanta Oglethorpe University Brookhaven Oxford College Oxford Reinhardt University Waleska Savannah College of Art and Design Atlanta Southern Crescent Technical College Griffin University of North Georgia Gainesville University of West Georgia Carrollton and Newnan West Georgia Technical College Carrollton Douglasville Newnan and Waco School districts Edit Atlanta Public Schools Barrow County Schools Bartow County School District Buford City School District Butts County School District Carroll County School District Carrollton City School District Cartersville City School District Cherokee County School District Clayton County Public Schools Cobb County Public Schools Coweta County School System Dawson County School District Decatur City School District DeKalb County School System Douglas County School District Fayette County School System Forsyth County Schools Fulton County Public Schools Gainesville City School District Griffin Spalding County School District Gwinnett County Public Schools Hall County School District Haralson County School District Heard County School District Henry County School District Jasper County School District Lamar County School District Marietta City School District Meriwether County School District Morgan County School District Newton County School District Paulding County School District Pickens County School District Pike County School District Rockdale County School District Social Circle City School District Walton County School DistrictHealthcare EditThe area is served by a network of healthcare facilities including private practice urgent care hospital systems and specialty care facilities There are approximately 37 hospitals serving the metro There are both private for profit systems and community not for profit systems Hospitals with beds Edit Trauma Centers Level I Level II Children s Healthcare of Atlanta Egleston Hospital Atlanta 235 Hughes Spalding Hospital Atlanta 82 Scottish Rite Hospital Sandy Springs 319Emory Healthcare Emory University Hospital Atlanta 733 Emory University Hospital Midtown Atlanta 511 Emory University Hospital Wesley Woods Atlanta 71 Emory University Orthopedic and Spine Hospital Tucker 75 Emory Decatur Hospital Decatur 422 Emory Hillandale Hospital Lithonia 90 Emory Johns Creek Hospital Johns Creek 118 Emory Saint Joseph s Hospital Sandy Springs 356Grady Memorial Hospital Atlanta 974 Northeast Georgia Medical Center Gainesville 872 Northside Hospital Northside Hospital Atlanta Sandy Springs 621 Northside Hospital Cherokee Canton 126 Northside Hospital Duluth Duluth 81 Northside Hospital Forsyth Cumming 304 Northside Hospital Gwinnett Lawrenceville 353 Piedmont Hospital Piedmont Atlanta Hospital Atlanta 512 Piedmont Eastside Hospital Snellville 287 Piedmont Fayette Hospital Fayetteville 290 Piedmont Henry Hospital Stockbridge 341 Piedmont Mountainside Hospital Jasper 52 Piedmont Newnan Hospital Newnan 154 Piedmont Newton Hospital Covington 94 Piedmont Rockdale Hospital Conyers 138 Piedmont Walton Hospital Monroe 77Shepherd Center Atlanta 152Wellstar Health System Wellstar Atlanta Medical Center Atlanta 528 Wellstar Atlanta Medical Center South East Point 198 Wellstar Cobb Hospital Austell 387 Wellstar Douglas Hospital Douglasville 102 Wellstar Kennestone Hospital Marietta 662 Wellstar North Fulton Hospital Roswell 202 Wellstar Paulding Hospital Hiram 294 Wellstar Spalding Regional Hospital Griffin 160Veterans Administration Health Care Veterans Administration Medical Center DecaturMedia EditRadio Edit Q99 7 99 7 Atlanta s Hit Music Star 94 94 1 The River 97 1 V 103 103 3 Contemporary and Classic R amp B and Hip Hop El Patron 105 3 Atlanta s 1 Hit Regional Mexican Station Radio 105 7 Power 96 1 Atlanta s New Hit Music Station praise 102 5 Bull 94 9 Rock 100 5 hot 107 9 Atlantas 1 hip hop station 104 7 The Fish WSB Radio 95 5FM and 750AM WREK 91 1 Georgia Tech s Student Radio TV Edit CNN Turner Broadcasting The Weather Channel Georgia Public Broadcasting PBS 9 stations Adult SwimPrint Edit Atlanta Business Chronicle The Atlanta Journal Constitution Atlanta Magazine Atlanta Parent The Atlantan Gwinnett Daily Post Jezebel Marietta Daily JournalCulture and attractions EditProfessional sports teams Edit See also Sports in Atlanta Club Sport League Venue City Since TitlesAtlanta Braves Baseball Major League Baseball Truist Park Cumberland 1966 2 1995 2021 Gwinnett Stripers Baseball International League AAA Coolray Field Lawrenceville 2009Atlanta Falcons American football National Football League Mercedes Benz Stadium Atlanta 1966Atlanta Gladiators Ice hockey ECHL Gas South Arena Duluth 2003Atlanta Hawks Basketball National Basketball Association State Farm Arena Atlanta 1968Atlanta Dream Basketball Women s National Basketball Association Gateway Center Arena College Park 2008College Park Skyhawks Basketball NBA G League Gateway Center Arena College Park 2019Atlanta United FC Soccer Major League Soccer Mercedes Benz Stadium Atlanta 2017 1 2018 Atlanta United 2 Soccer MLS Next Pro Fifth Third Bank Stadium Kennesaw 2017Former teams include the Atlanta Flames now Calgary Flames and Atlanta Thrashers now Winnipeg Jets both of the National Hockey League Atlanta also plays host to one NASCAR Cup Series race each year at Atlanta Motor Speedway The Atlanta metropolitan area is also home to three NCAA Division I programs with the Georgia Tech Yellow Jackets and Georgia State Panthers in Atlanta proper and the Kennesaw State Owls in Kennesaw Both Georgia Tech and Georgia State are members of the Football Bowl Subdivision in the Atlantic Coast Conference and Sun Belt Conference respectively while Kennesaw State is a member of the ASUN Conference in the Football Championship Subdivision however Kennesaw State accepted an invitation to move up to the FBS level from Conference USA starting in 2024 Performing arts venues Edit Atlanta Symphony Hall Alliance Theater Cobb Energy Centre Fox Theatre Infinite Energy Arena Sandy Springs Performing Arts Center Spivey HallMuseums Edit See also List of museums in Atlanta Center for Puppetry Arts Children s Museum of Atlanta Delta Flight Museum Fernbank Museum of Natural History Fernbank Science Center High Museum of Art Jimmy Carter Library and MuseumAmusement Edit College Football Hall of Fame Georgia Aquarium Medieval Times Dinner amp Tournament National Center for Civil and Human Rights Six Flags Over Georgia Six Flags White Water World of Coca Cola Zoo Atlanta Parks Edit Atlanta Botanical Garden The Beltline Centennial Olympic Park Chastain Park Chattahoochee River National Recreation Area Clayton County International Park The Beach Freedom Park Grant Park Historic Fourth Ward Park Kennesaw Mountain National Battlefield Park Piedmont Park Stone Mountain Woodruff ParkFestivals Edit Further information Festivals in Atlanta Music MidtownOther Edit CNN CenterMilitary presence EditDobbins Air Reserve Base Fort Gillem closed Fort McPherson closedTransportation EditThe U S Census Bureau has defined a metropolitan area for Atlanta which includes but is not limited to Roswell Georgia and Sandy Springs Georgia According to the 2016 American Community Survey about 78 of working metropolitan residents commuted by driving alone 9 carpooled 3 used public transportation and 1 walked Less than 1 of working residents commuted by bicycle while about 2 of commuters travelled by all other means About 7 of residents worked at home 41 Transit systems Edit Atlanta has always been a rail town and the city once had an extensive streetcar system which also provided interurban service as far out as Marietta 15 miles 24 km to the northwest 42 43 The streetcars were replaced by an extensive trolleybus system supplemented by buses in the 1940s and 1950 52 and then converted to all buses in the 1950s and 1960 62 However building a modern rapid transit system proved a difficult and drawn out process and compared to the original plans for a regional system has only partially been accomplished 44 MARTA operates buses and a subway system in the city of Atlanta Fulton Clayton and Dekalb counties while Cobb and Gwinnett counties operate their own independent Suburban Transit Systems that feed into MARTA This is a result of those counties refusal to join the MARTA system although Gwinnett voted in March 2019 to join MARTA again 45 a situation which was originally closely related to white flight from the city 46 It is the only US system in which the state does not provide any funds for operation or expansion instead relying entirely on a 1 sales tax in its three counties Due to the passage of a 1 sales tax in Clayton County on November 4 2014 MARTA replaced the defunct C Tran system bringing buses and commuter rail to the county beginning March 2015 with full bus service in 2016 The Atlanta Streetcar a 2 7 mile 4 3 km light rail loop connects Centennial Olympic Park and MARTA heavy rail subway to the Sweet Auburn district and points in between Xpress GA a suburban commuter bus service operated by the Georgia Regional Transportation Authority or GRTA has over 32 routes running from the suburbs and exurbs to downtown Atlanta in 12 metropolitan counties Plans are underway for commuter rail and bus rapid transit BRT though these are some years away The 20 billion Northwest Corridor HOV BRT project appears to conflict with other plans such as the metro wide Concept 3 approved by the Transit Planning Board and the no barrier HOT lanes on I 85 in Gwinnett MARTA is also considering a BRT line of its own to the east The first commuter rail line would run south of the city eventually extended to Lovejoy and possibly Hampton near Atlanta Motor Speedway The Brain Train would likely be the second route connecting the University of Georgia in Athens to Emory University and Georgia Tech in Atlanta As planned all commuter trains would arrive at the Atlanta Multimodal Passenger Terminal MMPT the long delayed facility just across Peachtree Street from the Five Points MARTA station where all of its lines meet Planning for the system and its extension as intercity rail across the state are the responsibility of the Georgia Rail Passenger Authority Another proposed plan that has received very strong grassroots support in recent years is the BeltLine a greenbelt and transit system that takes advantage of existing and unused rail tracks to set up a 22 mile 35 km light rail or streetcar circuit around the core of Atlanta as well as establishing more green space and footpaths for pedestrians and bicyclists Commercial railways Edit Before Atlanta was even a city it was a railroad hub From this came the joke popular among other Southerners that regardless of whether one goes to heaven or hell everyone must go through Atlanta first Many of its suburbs pre date it as depots or train stations along the major lines in and out of town Many of these historic stations including Atlanta s Union Station and Terminal Station were demolished like many county courthouses and other historic buildings Many have been saved however including the L amp N station in Woodstock and the stations along the main W amp A line in Marietta and Smyrna Through mergers the main railroads in the area are now Norfolk Southern and CSX The Georgia Northeastern Railroad is a short line that also services part of the area There are also several railyards of Atlanta and vicinity as well as the Southeastern Railway Museum and the Southern Museum of Civil War and Locomotive History The National Railroad Passenger Corporation more commonly known as Amtrak runs the intercity rail line Crescent through metro Atlanta twice daily with one train heading towards New Orleans and the other headed towards New York All trains make a scheduled stop at Peachtree Station in northern Midtown Atlanta but it is also possible for arrange for trains to stop in Gainesville Georgia as well Air Edit Hartsfield Jackson Atlanta International Airport is the world s busiest airport and is the only international airport for the region and only major international airport for the state and as with rail travel it became the ubiquitous place through which everyone must travel at some point Atlanta s second airport is in the very preliminary discussion and study phase Domestic only carriers from Atlanta Alaska Airlines American Airlines Frontier Airlines JetBlue Airways Spirit Airlines United AirlinesDomestic and international from Atlanta Delta Air Lines Southwest Airlines Foreign based international carriers Aeromexico Air Canada Air France Joint venture with Delta Air Lines British Airways KLM Royal Dutch Airlines Joint venture with Delta Air Lines Korean Air Lufthansa German Airlines Qatar Airways Turkish Airlines Virgin Atlantic WestJet Other airports maintained by local counties include Charlie Brown Field Fulton McCollum Field Cobb Cartersville Airport Bartow DeKalb Peachtree Airport DeKalb Briscoe Field Gwinnett Coweta County Airport Coweta Cherokee County Airport Cherokee Atlanta Speedway Airport Henry and Paulding County Airport Paulding Former local airports were Stone Mountain Airport and Parkaire Field among others DeKalb Peachtree Airport is the primary business jet airport This is due to its proximity to Downtown Midtown Buckhead and the Perimeter office areas Roads and freeways Edit This section does not cite any sources Please help improve this section by adding citations to reliable sources Unsourced material may be challenged and removed May 2018 Learn how and when to remove this template message Atlanta is served by three major interstate highways Including tributaries they are the following Note The cities used below are also the control cities used for the Metro Atlanta Bypass I 285 signs entering from the suburbs Interstate 75 passes through from Macon to the south and from Chattanooga to the north Interstate 575 is a spur which merges with I 75 near Kennesaw I 575 serves northeast portions of Cobb County and a large portion of Cherokee County It ends in Ball Ground Interstate 675 is a route which connects I 75 in Henry County to I 285 in southern Dekalb County Most of the corridor is within Clayton County Interstate 85 passes through from Montgomery on the southwest and from Greenville on the northeast I 75 merges with I 85 to form the Downtown Connector from the Brookwood Interchange just north of Midtown Atlanta to just south of the Lakewood Freeway in south Atlanta Interstate 185 is a spur which merges with I 85 in LaGrange and stretches southward to Columbus Interstate 985 is a spur which merges with I 85 in Suwanee and serves the northern suburbs of Gwinnett and Hall Counties It terminates just northeast of Gainesville Interstate 285 is the beltway which encircles the city and its immediate eastern suburbs It is commonly known as the Perimeter I 285 passes through Clayton Cobb Fulton and DeKalb Counties Interstate 20 passes through from Birmingham to the west and from Augusta to the east It serves Douglasville the major suburb west of Atlanta It serves Lithonia and Conyers to the east Atlanta is also served by several other freeways in addition to the interstate highways including Georgia 400 is the main corridor serving the north central suburbs and was the only toll road in the metropolitan Atlanta area As of November 23 2013 the tolls ended and the toll plazas were demolished It reaches into the northern portion of Fulton County and gradually turns northeast before entering Forsyth County The controlled access portion terminates just northeast of the city of Cumming To the south it terminates and merges into southbound I 85 just south of the Buckhead business district Cumming Dahlonega is used on I 285 as the northbound sign and Atlanta Buckhead as the southbound From I 85 northbound it uses Buckhead Cumming Stone Mountain Freeway or U S 78 is an 8 mile corridor east of Downtown Atlanta and the neighboring suburb of Decatur It serves northeast portions of Dekalb County including the city of Stone Mountain It continues east as a divided highway into south Gwinnett County including the suburb of Snellville U S 78 also stretches east to Athens Lakewood Freeway or Georgia 166 extends between Lakewood Park in south Atlanta and Campbellton Road just west of I 285 Peachtree Industrial Blvd or Georgia 141 is a route north northeast of Atlanta which begins on the north side of I 285 and runs parallel to I 85 for about four miles until it terminates when it splits into GA 141 and Peachtree Industrial continuing as a normal divided highway Georgia State Route 316 is a four mile long route that branches from I 85 and stretches eastward into Gwinnett County It continues east as a normal divided highway through the suburb of Lawrenceville and on to Athens There are many historic roads across the area named after its mills and early ferries and the bridges later built to replace the ferries Pace s Ferry is perhaps the best known Owing to the area s long history of settlement and uneven terrain most arterial roads are not straight but meander instead which can be confusing as much as the famed proliferation of Atlanta streets with Peachtree in the name It is also often joked that half the streets are named Peachtree while the other half have several names to make up for it Partly confusion is because the region maintains the historic nomenclature of each county naming its roads for the towns they connect with in surrounding counties Thus from Dallas to Roswell Georgia 120 is Marietta Highway to the Paulding Cobb county line is Dallas Highway to the city of Marietta Whitlock Avenue to the town square South Park Square for just one city block Roswell Street to Cobb Parkway at the Big Chicken Roswell Road to the Cobb Fulton county line and finally Marietta Street to the town square in Roswell Further confusion is from the arbitrary location of state routes by the Georgia Department of Transportation GDOT so that they travel an erratic path requiring several turns by drivers instead of traveling the original straight route and the renaming of roads by state legislators to honor their friends There are many roads like this throughout the area leading to duplication of names in different counties In Fulton Roswell Road refers to Georgia 9 through northern Atlanta and across Sandy Springs in addition to the above mentioned use in Cobb for example Numeric street addressing is done by county as well with the origin usually being at one corner of the town square in the county seat The U S Postal Service ignores these actual and logical boundaries however overlapping ZIP codes and their associated place names across counties The Cumberland Galleria area has Cobb s numbers and an SE suffix but is called Atlanta by the USPS despite being Vinings which the USPS ironically calls unacceptable which can confuse visitors to think it is far away in southeast Atlanta Where more than one town in the same county has a road to the same place the smaller towns have their own name prefixed to it while the county seat does not The road need not go directly to the other place but may connect through other roads Examples include Due West Road west from Marietta Kennesaw Due West Road southwest from Kennesaw and Acworth Due West Road south from Acworth Some are usually hyphenated like Peachtree Dunwoody Road Ashford Dunwoody Road Chamblee Dunwoody Road and Chamblee Tucker Road There are also several roads named for communities which have been overwhelmed by the urban and suburban sprawl and so are somewhat odd to newcomers These include Sandy Plains Crabapple Toonigh Luxomni and Due West Some of these communities are in the middle of the road while some are at or very near one end Some areas are renamed either over time Sandy Plains gradually became Sprayberry when Sprayberry High School moved there and similarly named shopping centers popped up around it by the USPS Toonigh is identified as Lebanon or after rapid development In such cases the roads usually maintain their historic names even if the neighborhoods do not There are also a few U S highways that cross the area including 19 23 29 41 and 78 Other arterials are completely new like much of Barrett Parkway Sugarloaf Parkway and South Fulton Parkway constructed by their counties but partly covered with a state route number Occasionally roads are realigned or extended to meet each other directly at a cross road leading to odd curves and name changes See also EditNorth GeorgiaPortals Georgia U S state United StatesReferences Edit https www census gov popest metro CBSA est2008 annual html amp 124 dead link Decennial Census of Population and Housing Archived from the original on 2014 10 03 Retrieved 2020 04 12 Index of Programs surveys Popest Datasets 2020 2021 Metro Totals Archived from the original on 2022 05 26 Retrieved 2022 03 24 a b Atlanta MSA Growth Statistics PDF Metro Atlanta Chamber of Commerce May 2006 Archived from the original PDF on 2007 09 27 Retrieved 2007 09 28 States Counties and Statistically Equivalent Entities PDF Geographic Areas Reference Manual U S Department of Commerce November 1994 Archived from the original PDF on 2003 05 06 Retrieved 2007 09 28 Atlanta in Focus A Profile from Census 2000 The Brookings Institution November 2003 Archived from the original on 27 September 2007 Retrieved 2007 09 28 Segal Geoffrey 2005 12 02 The Real Sandy Springs Effect Reason Archived from the original on 2007 09 30 Retrieved 2007 09 28 HB 1470 Milton City of provide charter Georgia General Assembly 2006 10 11 Archived from the original on 2007 12 01 Retrieved 2007 06 26 HB 1321 Johns Creek City of incorporate Georgia General Assembly 2006 10 11 Archived from the original on 2007 11 20 Retrieved 2007 06 26 2019 MSA Changes Informational Sheet PDF Wolters Kluwer September 2019 Archived from the original on 2020 02 17 Retrieved 2020 02 17 OMB BULLETIN NO 13 01 SUBJECT Revised Delineations of Metropolitan Statistical Areas Micropolitan Statistical Areas and Combined Statistical Areas and Guidance on Uses of the Delineations of These Areas PDF Office of Management and the Budget 2013 02 28 Archived PDF from the original on 2017 02 07 Retrieved 2015 03 04 East Cobb population Archives East Cobb News Archived from the original on 2022 04 07 Retrieved 2020 10 04 2009 Incorporated place and minor civil division population dataset United States Government Archived from the original on 2009 07 10 Retrieved 2010 01 03 http www ajc com metro content metro legis07 stories 2007 01 05 transportation html Archived 2007 02 22 at the Wayback Machine bare URL METROPOLITAN AREAS AND COMPONENTS 1999 WITH FIPS CODES US Census Bureau Archived from the original on 2016 01 15 Retrieved 15 October 2017 U S Census 2010 vs 2000 population estimates by race U S Census 2000 Archived 2017 07 26 at the Wayback Machine and 2010 data Admins IP CAIR in the News cair com Archived from the original on 2014 11 05 Retrieved 15 October 2017 Duluth s demographic destiny train 13 November 2019 Archived from the original on 13 November 2019 Retrieved 30 November 2019 a b Foundation Internet Memory ARCHIVED CONTENT Internet Memory NLI Web Archive PDF Archived from the original PDF on 16 October 2011 Retrieved 15 October 2017 Lively Kit EDUCATION IS MADE IN JAPAN EXPORTED TO ATLANTA Archived 2012 11 07 at the Wayback Machine Orlando Sentinel December 24 1990 A1 Retrieved on January 11 2012 Bureau U S Census American FactFinder Results factfinder census gov Archived from the original on 10 February 2020 Retrieved 15 October 2017 Bureau U S Census American FactFinder Results factfinder census gov Archived from the original on 11 February 2020 Retrieved 15 October 2017 A Look at Atlanta PDF Metro Atlanta Chamber of Commerce May 2006 p 11 Archived PDF from the original on 2008 06 25 Retrieved 2008 07 05 NPA Code Search for 770 North American Numbering Plan Administration Archived from the original on 2011 06 04 Retrieved 2009 04 15 Local prefixes Localcallingguide com Archived from the original on 2011 07 21 Retrieved 2008 07 05 Atlanta is most wired city in the U S NBC News 8 September 2006 Archived from the original on 16 October 2017 Retrieved 15 October 2017 Operation Round Up Living Jackson Magazine Archived from the original on 2009 01 06 Retrieved 2009 10 30 Home 7 April 2012 Archived from the original on 22 October 2017 Retrieved 29 January 2018 Perimeter Community Improvement Districts Creating the Southeast s Premier Livable Center in Atlanta Georgia www perimetercid org Archived from the original on 26 January 2018 Retrieved 29 January 2018 CCID Cumberland Community Improvement District Helping Make the Cumberland Area a Better Place www cumberlandcid org Archived from the original on 20 January 2018 Retrieved 29 January 2018 cobbrides com www cobbrides com Archived from the original on 2009 12 09 Retrieved 29 January 2018 Gwinnett Place Community Improvement District Gwinnett Place Community Improvement District www gwinnettplacecid com Archived from the original on 2009 02 07 Retrieved 2009 12 12 Home Gateway 85 Gateway 85 Archived from the original on 16 October 2017 Retrieved 29 January 2018 Evermore HWY 78 Community Improvement District www evermorecid org Archived from the original on 9 July 2019 Retrieved 29 January 2018 Aerotropolis Atlanta CIDs airport south aerocids com Archived from the original on 15 October 2017 Retrieved 15 October 2017 Lindsay Kuhn Sarah Larson and Carolyn Bourdeaux Georgia s Community Improvement Districts CIDs Archived 2016 10 09 at the Wayback Machine Georgia State University Andrew Young School The Center for State and Local Finance June 24 2016 refer to Appendix C pages 94 95 for active CIDs in Georgia Retrieved October 6 2016 City of Atlanta Ga Press Release Archived 2016 10 10 at the Wayback Machine May 23 2016 Retrieved October 6 2016 Muriel Vega and Kristyn Back Atlanta s First Pop Up Design Studio Draws Talent to Enhance Urbanism Archived 2016 10 09 at the Wayback MachineHypepotamus June 8 2016 Retrieved October 6 2016 Clare S Richie City Design Studio encourages community to discuss growth Archived 2016 10 05 at the Wayback MachineAtlanta InTown October 4 2016 Retrieved October 6 2016 Atlanta Sandy Springs Roswell GA Metro Area Census Reporter Archived from the original on May 18 2018 Retrieved May 17 2018 Ashby Street Trolly Barn Artery org Archived from the original on 4 March 2016 Retrieved 15 October 2017 Marietta Trolley Company rolls through history HelloAtlanta com Archived from the original on 2010 01 14 Retrieved 2009 09 02 Tyler Estep Gwinnett s MARTA referendum a comprehensive voter s guide The Atlanta Journal Constitution Archived from the original on 6 February 2023 Retrieved 28 February 2019 Sjoquist David L 2000 05 25 The Atlanta Paradox David L Sojquist ISBN 978 0 87154 808 5 Archived from the original on 2023 02 06 Retrieved 2009 09 02 External links Edit Media related to Atlanta metropolitan area at Wikimedia Commons Metro Atlanta travel guide from Wikivoyage Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Atlanta metropolitan area amp oldid 1137754042, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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