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Telugu cinema

March 14, 2023

Not to be confused with Cinema of West Bengal, also called Tollywood.

Telugu cinema, also known as Tollywood, is the segment of Indian cinema dedicated to the production of motion pictures in the Telugu language, widely spoken in the states of Andhra Pradesh and Telangana. Telugu cinema is based in Film Nagar, Hyderabad. As of 2021, Telugu cinema is the largest film industry in India in terms of box-office.[6][7] Telugu films sold 23.3 crore (233 million) tickets in 2022, the highest among various film industries in India.[4][5]

Telugu cinema
No. of screens2809 screens in Andhra Pradesh and Telangana states of India[1]
Main distributorsSuresh Productions
Vyjayanthi Movies
DVV Entertainments
Annapurna Studios
Geetha Arts
Arka Media Works
Sri Venkateswara Creations
Mythri Movie Makers
Produced feature films (2022)[3]
Total219
Number of admissions (2022)
Total233 million[4][5]

Technical crafts of Telugu cinema, especially visual effects and cinematography, are considered as one of the most advanced in Indian cinema.[8] The industry has produced some of India's most expensive and highest-grossing films of all time. Telugu production Baahubali 2 (2017) is currently the highest-grossing film of all time in India. Telugu film industry is home to the Ramoji Film City, certified by the Guinness World Records as the largest film studio complex in the world measuring over 1,666 acres (674 ha).[9][10]

Since 1909, filmmaker Raghupathi Venkaiah Naidu was involved in producing short films and travelling to different regions in Asia to promote film work. In 1921, he produced the silent film, Bhishma Pratigna, generally considered to be the first Telugu feature film, and hence, regarded as the 'Father of Telugu cinema'.[11] The first Telugu film with audible dialogue, Bhakta Prahlada (1932), was directed by H. M. Reddy. In 1933, Sati Savitri directed by Chittajallu Pullayya received an honorary diploma at the 2nd Venice Film Festival.[12] Since its inception, Telugu cinema was known as the pre-eminent centre of mythological films in India.[13] From the late 1930s, films focused on contemporary living and social issues, like Raithu Bidda (1939), were produced and gradually gained prominence.

Ten Telugu films were featured in CNN-IBN's list of "100 Greatest Indian Films of All Time".[a] Though known for big-ticket, and popular films catering to wider audience, Telugu filmmakers also forayed into parallel and arthouse films.[15] Parallel films like Daasi (1988), Thilaadanam (2000), Vanaja (2006) among others have won accolades at major film festivals including Berlin, Karlovy Vary, Moscow, and Busan.[b]

Since the mid-2010s, Telugu cinema has pioneered the pan-Indian film movement, cutting across ethnic and linguistic barriers. Epic films like Baahubali 2 (2017) and RRR (2022) fetched various international accolades including Saturn Award for Best International Film, and the Critics' Choice Movie Award for Best Foreign Language Film respectively.

History

Early development

 
Raghupathi Venkaiah Naidu, father of Telugu cinema.[11][23][24]

Raghupathi Venkaiah Naidu was a photographer and photographic studio owner in Madras who was drawn into filmmaking. Since 1909, he was involved in producing short films.[25] He shot 12 short films and exhibited them in Victoria Public Hall, Madras. He also travelled to Bangalore, Vijayawada, Sri Lanka, Rangoon and Pegu to exhibit his films.[25] In 1910, he established Esplanade Ten House to exhibit his films. In 1912, he constructed Gaiety Talkies on Mount Road, the first Indian-owned cinema theatre in Madras. He later constructed Crown Theatre on Mint Street and Globe Theatre in Purasawakkam, Madras.[26]

In 1919, he started a production company called Star of East Films and a film studio called Glass Studio. He sent his son, Raghupati Surya Prakash Naidu (R. S. Prakash), to study cinematography in London.[26] In 1921, they made Bhishma Pratigna, generally considered as the first Telugu feature film.[c] The film was produced by Venkaiah Naidu while R. S. Prakash directed and produced, along with playing the title character.

Y. V. Rao and R. S. Prakash established a long-lasting precedence of focusing exclusively on religious themes; Nandanar, Gajendra Moksham, and Matsyavatar, three of their most noted productions, centred on religious figures, parables, and morals.[26] The first film studio in South India, Durga Cinetone, was built in 1936 by Nidamarthi Surayya in Rajahmundry, Andhra Pradesh.[33] In 1935, Andhra Cine Tone was built in Visakhapatnam by Gottumukkala Jagannadha Raju. He introduced digital theater sound with the 1935 film Jagadamba.[34]

Rise of the "talkie"

 
Promotional poster of Bhakta Prahlada the first full-length Telugu talkie produced and directed by H. M. Reddy to have a theatrical release.[35]

The first Telugu film with audible dialogue, Bhakta Prahlada, was directed by H. M. Reddy, who directed the first bilingual (Tamil and Telugu) talkie Kalidas (1931). Bhakta Prahlada was completed on 15 September 1931,[36] which henceforth became known as "Telugu Film Day" to commemorate its completion.[37][38][39] Popularly known as talkies, films with sound quickly grew in number and popularity. In 1934, the industry saw its first major commercial success with Lava Kusa. Directed by C. Pullayya and starring Parupalli Subbarao and Sriranjani, the film attracted unprecedented numbers of viewers to theatres and thrust the young industry into mainstream culture.[40] By 1936, the mass appeal of film allowed directors to move away from religious and mythological themes.[40] That year, under the direction of Kruthiventi Nageswara Rao, Prema Vijayam, a film focusing on social issues, was released. Its success prompted the production of dozens of other immensely successful 'social films', notably 1939's Vandemataram, touching on societal problems like the practice of giving dowry, Telugu films increasingly focused on contemporary living: 29 of the 96 films released between 1937 and 1947 had social themes.[41]

Cinema during the Crown Rule

 
 
Y. V. Rao (left), pioneer of cinema during crown rule[42] and stalwart V. Nagayya (right), known for his method acting.[43]

In 1938, Gudavalli Ramabrahmam, has co-produced and directed the social problem film, Mala Pilla starring, Kanchanamala, the film dealt with the crusade against untouchability, prevailing in pre-independent India.[44][45] In 1939, he directed Raithu Bidda, starring thespian Bellary Raghava. The film was banned by the British administration in the region, for depicting the uprise of the peasantry among the Zamindar's during the British raj.[46] 1940 film, Viswa Mohini, is the first Indian film, depicting the Indian movie world. The film was directed by Y. V. Rao and scripted by Balijepalli Lakshmikantha Kavi, starring V. Nagayya. Rao subsequently made the sequel films Savithri and Sathyabhama (1941–42) casting thespian Sthanam Narasimha Rao.[47][48]

The outbreak of World War II and the subsequent resource scarcity caused the British Raj to impose a limit on the use of filmstrip in 1943 to 11,000 feet,[49] a sharp reduction from the 20,000 feet that had been common till then.[50] As a result, the number of films produced during the war was substantially lower than in previous years. Nonetheless, before the ban, an important shift occurred in the industry: Independent studios formed, actors and actresses were signed to contracts limiting whom they could work for, and films moved from social themes to folklore legends.[51] Ghantasala Balaramayya, has directed the mythological Seetarama Jananam under his home production, Prathiba Picture, marking veteran Akkineni Nageswara Rao's Telugu screen debut in 1944.[citation needed]

Classical cinema and Golden Age

Malliswari is the first Telugu film which had a public release with thirteen prints along with Chinese subtitles at Beijing on 14 March 1953, and a 16 mm film print was also screened in the United States.[52][53] The film was directed by B. N. Reddy, a recipient of the Dada Saheb Phalke Award, and the Doctor of Letters honour.[53]

 
 
 
From left to right: A production still of Mayabazar (1957), N. T. Rama Rao in Pathala Bhairavi (1951) the only south Indian film screened at 1st IFFI, Kanta Rao and Raajanala in a folklore combat scene

The industry is one of the largest producers of folklore, fantasy, and mythological films.[54][55][56] Filmmakers like K. V. Reddy, B. Vittalacharya and Kodi Ramakrishna have pioneered this genre.[57][58] 1956 film Tenali Ramakrishna has garnered the All India Certificate of Merit for Best Feature Film. In 2013, IBN Live's poll cited Mayabazar as the greatest Indian film of all time.[59]

Relangi and Ramana Reddy were a comedy double act during this era.[60] Nartanasala won three awards at the third Afro-Asian Film Festival in Jakarta.[61] Donga Ramudu directed by K. V. Reddy was archived in the curriculum of the Film and Television Institute of India.[62] Nammina Bantu received critical reception at the San Sebastián International Film Festival.[63][64] 1967 film Ummadi Kutumbam was selected by Film Federation of India as one of its entries to the Moscow Film Festival.[62][65] The 1968 cult classic Sudigundalu was screened at the Tashkent and Moscow Film Festivals.[66] Bapu's directorial venture Sakshi was showcased at Tashkent International film festival in 1968.[67] In 1976, he directed Sita Kalyanam got critical acclaim at the BFI London Film Festival and Chicago International Film Festival, and is part of the curriculum at British Film Institute.[68][69]

Rise of Tollywood

The nickname Tollywood is a portmanteau of the words Telugu and Hollywood.[70] Moola Narayana Swamy and B. N. Reddy founded Vijaya Vauhini Studios in 1948 in the city of Chennai.[71] Indian film doyen L. V. Prasad, who started his film career with Bhakta Prahlada, founded Prasad Studios in 1956 based in Chennai.[72] However, through the efforts of D. V. S. Raju, the Telugu film industry completely shifted its base from Chennai to Hyderabad in the early 1990s, during N. T. Rama Rao's political reign.[73]

 
 
 
From left to right: S. V. Ranga Rao, A. Nageswara Rao, and Savitri

Veteran actor Akkineni Nageswara Rao relocated to Hyderabad and has developed Annapurna Studios. The Telugu film industry is one of the three largest film producers in India. About 245 Telugu films were produced in 2006, the highest in India for that year. Film studios in Hyderabad, developed by D. Ramanaidu and Ramoji Rao, are involved in prolific film production and employment.[74] There is a fair amount of dispersion among the Indian film industries. Since 2005, many successful Telugu films have been largely remade by the Bengali cinema and Hindi film industries, while in the past, Telugu filmmakers drew inspiration from Bengali cinema and literature.[75] Telugu film production accounts for one percent of the gross domestic product of the region.[76][77][78]

The digital cinema network company UFO Moviez marketed by Southern Digital Screenz (SDS) has digitized several cinemas in the region.[79][80] The Film and Television Institute of Telangana, Film and Television Institute of Andhra Pradesh, Ramanaidu Film School and Annapurna International School of Film and Media are some of the largest film schools in India.[81][82] The Telugu states consist of approximately 2800 theaters, the largest number of cinema halls of any state in India.[83] Being commercially consistent, Telugu cinema had its influence over commercial cinema in India.[84]

The industry holds the Guinness World Record for the largest film production facility in the world, Ramoji Film City.[85] The Prasads IMAX located in Hyderabad is one of the largest 3D IMAX screens, and the most attended cinema screen in the world.[86][87][88] As per the CBFC report of 2014, the industry is placed first in India, in terms of films produced yearly.[89] The industry holds a memorandum of understanding with the Motion Picture Association of America to combat video piracy.[90][91][92] In the years 2005, 2006, 2008, and 2014 the industry has produced the largest number of films in India, exceeding the number of films produced in Bollywood.[93][74]

1992 film Gharana Mogudu is the first Telugu film to gross over ₹10 crore at the box office.[94] Produced on a shoe string budget of ₹1.2 crore, 2000 film Nuvve Kavali became sleeper hit of the late 1990s.[95][96] It was screened for 200 days in 20 screens grossing over ₹20 crore.[97][98][99]

Neo Tollywood

 
Hyderabad International Convention Center has been the Hyderabad home for Filmfare Awards South since 2007.[100][101]

Dasari Narayana Rao directed the most number of films in the Telugu language, exploring themes such as aesthestics in Meghasandesam (1982), Battle of Bobbili in the biographical war film Tandra Paparayudu (1986), alternate history with Sardar Papa Rayudu (1980), and gender discrimination in Kante Koothurne Kanu (1998) for which he received the Special Jury Award (Feature Film - Director) at the 46th National Film Awards.[102] K. Raghavendra Rao explored devotional themes with Agni Putrudu (1987), Annamayya (1997), Sri Manjunatha (2001), Sri Ramadasu (2006), Shirdi Sai (2012) and Om Namo Venkatesaya (2017) receiving various state honours.[103]

Singeetam Srinivasa Rao introduced science fiction to the Telugu screen with Aditya 369 (1991), the film dealt with exploratory dystopian and apocalyptic themes.[104] The edge of the seat thriller had characters which stayed human, inconsistent and insecure. The film's narrative takes the audience into the post apocalyptic experience through time travel, as well as folklore generation of 1500 CE, which including a romantic backstory, the "Time Machine" made it a brilliant work of fiction.[105][106][107]

Ram Gopal Varma's Siva, which attained cult status in Telugu cinema, is one of the first Telugu films produced after the migration of Telugu film industry from Madras to Hyderabad to feature characters speaking the Telangana dialect.[108][109] Varma was credited with the introduction of steadicams and new sound recording techniques in Telugu films.[110] Within a year of the film's release, more than ten steadicams were imported into India.[111] Siva attracted the young audience during its theatrical run, and its success encouraged filmmakers to explore a variety of themes and make experimental Telugu films.[112][113]

 
 
 
 
From left to right: K. Viswanath, B. Narsing Rao, Ram Gopal Varma, S. S. Rajamouli

Subsequently, Varma introduced road movie and film-noir to Indian screen with Kshana Kshanam. Varma experimented with close-to-life performances by the lead actors, which bought a rather fictional storyline a sense of authenticity at a time when the industry was being filled with unnecessary commercial fillers.[114] It went on to gather a cult following in south India,[115] with a dubbed Hindi version titled Hairaan released to positive reports from bollywood critics, the Ann Arbor Film Festival, and the Fribourg Festival.[116][117]

Chiranjeevi's works such as the comedy thriller, Chantabbai, the vigilante thriller, Kondaveeti Donga the first Telugu film to be released on a 70 mm 6-Track Stereophonic sound,[citation needed] the western thriller Kodama Simham, and the action thriller, Gang Leader, popularized genre films with the highest estimated footfall.[118] Reddiff.com cited Sekhar Kammula's, National Award-winning Dollar Dreams (2000) as a take off from where Nagesh Kukunoor's Hyderabad Blues (1998) ends.[citation needed] Dollar Dreams explored the conflict between American dreams and human feelings. The film re-introduced social realism to Telugu screen, and brought back its lost glory which until then was stuck in its run of the mill commercial pot-boilers.[119]

Vanaja (2006) won several international awards including the first prize in the live-action feature film category at the Chicago International Children's Film Festival.[120] Dream (2012), has garnered the Royal Reel Award at the Canada International Film Festival.[121][122][123] 2013 Social problem film, Naa Bangaaru Talli won Best Film award at the Detroit Trinity International Film Festival.[124][125][126]

Minugurulu (2014) about blind children received Best Indian Film at the "9th India International Children's Film Festival Bangalore".[127] 2013 Cultural film, O Friend, This Waiting! has received special mention at the Erasing Borders Festival of Classical Dance, Indo-American Arts Council, New York, 2013.[citation needed] Experimental film Parampara has garnered the Platinum Award for Best Feature at the International Indonesian Movie Awards.[128] 2018 biographical film Mahanati based on the life of veteran actress Savitri has garnered the "Equality in Cinema Award" at the 2018 Indian Film Festival of Melbourne.[129]

During the 1990s, the Rayalaseema dialect was portrayed in films about the factional conflicts in the area, while the Telangana dialect, already having been pegged to villainous and comedic roles, saw an increase in this usage in reaction to the shift of the Telugu film production from Madras to Hyderabad.[130][131] After the formation of the state of Telangana in 2014, Telangana culture gained more prominence, and more films were produced portraying Telangana culture, and dialect.[132]

Sub-genres and off beat films

 
Chiranjeevi
 
Nagarjuna
 
Venkatesh
 
Balakrishna
 
Prabhas and Shraddha Kapoor on the sets of Saaho (2019)

Screenwriters such as Chandra Sekhar Yeleti experimented with the off beat film Aithe (2003) with a caption "all movies are not the same". Aithe was made on a shoestring budget of about 1.5 crores and went on to collect more than 6 crores. After almost two years he delivered another thriller Anukokunda Oka Roju (2005) both films were a refreshing change of pace to the audiences, produced by Gangaraju Gunnam.[133] Aithe was remade in Tamil as Naam (2003) and in Malayalam as Wanted (2004).[134]

Mohana Krishna Indraganti explored the themes of chastity, and adultery in his literary adaption Grahanam (2004) (based on "Gunadosham" by social critic G. V. Chalam).[135][136] Grahanam was shot in 19 days with a digital camera.[137][failed verification] B. Anuradha of Rediff.com cited "In this offbeat film, Indraganti upholds the tirade against chauvinists who accuse a noble lady of infidelity, ignoring her denials with contempt". The film was featured at the Independent South Asian Film Festival in the United States.[138][137]

Speaking about the centenary of Indian cinema at the CII Media and Entertainment Summit 2012, filmmaker Shekhar Kapur said regional cinema is surpassing Hindi cinema in content and story, and cited Eega (2012) as an example. Kapur said he was impressed with its story and use of technology, and called it "no less than a Hollywood superhero film".[139] Shah Rukh Khan called Eega an "awesomely original" film and a "must watch" with children.[140][141] Eega won various awards at the 8th Toronto After Dark Film Festival.[142]

Sub Genre war drama Kanche (2015) by Krish Jagarlamudi explored the 1944 Nazi attack on the Indian army in the Italian campaign, during World War II in an engrossing background tale of caste-ism while giving it a technically brilliant cinematic rendition.[143] Sankalp Reddy explored submarine warfare in his directorial debut Ghazi (2017), based on the mysterious altercation between PNS Ghazi and INS Karanj during the Indo-Pakistani War of 1971.[144] Indo-Asian News Service called new-generation film maker Sandeep Vanga's Arjun Reddy the "most original, experimental work to come out of Telugu cinema in a long time", and said the protagonist's (played by Vijay Deverakonda) "rise, fall and rise ... is nothing short of poetic and heart wrenching".[145] Actor-dancer Allu Arjun produced and acted in the short film, I Am That Change (2014), to spread awareness on individual social responsibility. The movie was directed by Sukumar, which was screened in theatres across Andhra Pradesh and Telangana on Indian Independence day, 2014.[146]

Adivi Sesh scripted the Neo-noir Kshanam (2016), based on a real life incident of a missing three-year-old girl.[147] Sesh followed it up writing R.A.W. thriller Goodachari (2018), and the war docudrama Major (2022).[148][149] Cinema Bandi (2022) scripted and directed by Praveen Kandregula, and produced by film making duo Raj and D. K.; explored the theme of how a lost camera fuels dreams in a Telugu hamlet, winning the Jury Special Mention at the 53rd IFFI.[150][151]

Spread to World markets

See also: List of highest-grossing Telugu films and Pan-Indian film
 
Mahesh Babu and Kajal Aggarwal on the sets of Brahmotsavam (2016)

Athadu was released with 6 prints in United States and was distributed by Vishnu Mudda and Soma Kancherla of Crown DVD distribution company in San Jose, Dallas, Detroit, Virginia, New Jersey, Atlanta, Chicago, Los Angeles, Boston, Minneapolis, Phoenix at Arizona and also in centers like Lowell at Massachusetts, MA, Tulsa at Oklahoma, West Virginia, Springfield, Boulder at Colorado and Corpus Christi at South Texas. Because of the demand, another print was imported from India for screening.[152][153] The film's first screening in USA happened at Cine Plaza 13 at North Bergen on the night of 11 August 2005.[154] At Connecticut, a special screening was conducted on 19 August 2005. Initially one show was planned but because of the demand another show was screened. There at the theater, a turn out of 442 people was observed which included standing audience for 434 seats and about 60 could not be accommodated.[155] Apart from USA, the film released in selected screens in United Kingdom, Singapore, Germany and Australia.[153]

Bommarillu was released worldwide with 72 prints. Owing to its success, the number of reels grew to about hundred.[156] It collected a distributors share of ₹5 crore in its opening week in India.[156] Released in six major metros in the United States, the film collected $73,200 (then approximately ₹0.3 crore) within the first four days of screening.[156] A 2006 survey conducted by a popular entertainment portal in the United States revealed that the film was watched by an Indian expatriate population of 65,000, which generated a revenue of ₹3 crore at that time.[157] A cumulative gross revenue for the film was reported to be ₹25 crore including ₹3.5 crore from overseas, the largest for any Telugu film at that time. Owing to this path breaking trade, the film was remade into Tamil, Bengali, Oriya and Urdu/Hindi.[158]

2006 action film, Pokiri has been remade in Hindi, Tamil and Kannada in the following two years owing to the film's commercial success. It was screened at the IIFA film festival held in Dubai in 2006.[159] Walt Disney Pictures co-produced Anaganaga O Dheerudu, making it the first South Indian production by Disney.[160][161] Dookudu was released among seventy nine screens in the United States, the Los Angeles Times quoted it as The biggest hit you've never heard of.[162][163][164] In the rest of north, east and west India, it opened up in 21 cities.[165] The film set a box office record by collecting a gross of more than ₹100 crore at the time.[166][167]

On 1 June 2022, RRR was screened in over 100 theatres across the United States for a one night event called "#encoRRRe".[168] Speaking to Deadline Hollywood, Dylan Marchetti of Variance Films said that "With more than 250 films coming out of India annually, RRR could be a gateway drug".[169] Nashville Scene's Jason Shawhan wrote about the event that "the nationwide encore of RRR is American audiences reaching with outstretched arms to something so exciting and rock-solid entertaining that its success already happened without insular traditional media even mentioning it. This isn't America dipping a toe in Indian cinema — it's a victory lap".[170][30] Filmmaker S. S. Rajamouli has been signed by American talent agency Creative Artists Agency, owing to RRR being the only non-English-language film to trend globally on Netflix Platform for 10 consecutive weeks.[171]

Cast and crew

 
 
 
 
 
From left to right: Bhanumathi on a postal stamp, Sobhan Babu, Kota Srinivasa Rao, Brahmanandam, and Mohan Babu

V. Nagayya was one of the most influential method actors of Indian cinema during crown rule.[172] Vemuri Gaggaiah, Kalyanam Raghuramayya, R. Nageswara Rao, C.S.R. Anjaneyulu, Yadavalli Suryanarayana, C. H. Narayana Rao, Mudigonda Lingamurthy etc., are some of the finest method actors during the golden era.[173] S. V. Ranga Rao won Best Actor Award for his portrayal of Kichaka in Nartanasala at the third Afro-Asian Film Festival held in Jakarta.[174][175]

Adurthi Subba Rao, garnered seven National Film Awards, for his pioneering work on drama films.[176] K. N. T. Sastry and Pattabhirama Reddy have garnered international recognition for their works in neo-realistic cinema.[177][178] A. Kutumba Rao is known for directing children's films such as Bhadram Koduko, Thodu, and Paatha Nagaramlo Pasivadu the latter winning Cairo International Film Festival's, Merit Certificate for best feature.[179][180] Jandhyala, and Trivikram Srinivas are known for screwball comedy, and action comedy.[181] A. Sreekar Prasad garnered pan-India recognition for film editing across multiple languages.[182]

Krishna Ghattamaneni is credited with producing many technological firsts such as the first cinemascope film Alluri Seetarama Raju, first 70mm film Simhasanam, first DTS film Telugu Veera Levara (1988) and introducing cowboy and bond movie styles to the Telugu screen.[183] Sharada, Archana, Vijayashanti, Rohini, Keerthy Suresh, P. L. Narayana, and Nagarjuna received the National Film Award for acting. Chiranjeevi, was listed among "The men who changed the face of the Indian Cinema" by IBN-live India.[184][185] Brahmanandam, holds a Guinness World Record for acting in the most films in the same language.[186][187] Vijayachander acted and produced hagiographical films, he esaayed "Jesus of Nazareth" in Karunamayudu (1978), "Sai Baba of Shirdi" in Sri Shirdi Saibaba Mahathyam (1986), "Vemana" in Vemana Charithra (1986), and "Saint Paul" in Dayamayudu (1987).[188]Mohan Babu is starred in more than 500 feature films in a variety of antagonist roles.[189]

Cinematography and visual effects

 
 
From left to right: Cinematographer turned mainstream director Teja at a shooting location, 1994; and Chota K. Naidu on location, 2019

V. N. Reddy, K. S. Prasad, Jaya Gummadi, Sudhakar Yakkanti, and C. Rajendra Prasad garnered pan India recognition for their cinematographic works.[190][191][192] Enhanced technology among live action animation, digital compositing, and special effects paved the way for upgrading from established cinematic norms. Visual effects based high fantasy works have tasted success.[193] Pete Draper, P. C. Sanath, Chakri Toleti and V. Srinivas Mohan supervise visual effects.[193][194]

Film critics and jury members

Vasiraju Prakasam and K. N. T. Sastry are one of the noted Indian film critics from the region.[195][196] B. S. Narayana was a member of the Indian delegation to the Tashkent Film Festival in 1974, and the Moscow International Film Festival in 1975.[197] Gummadi, served as official member of the Indian delegation from South India to the Tashkent Film Festival in 1978 and 1982.[64] He served as the Jury Member thrice for the 28th, 33rd, and 39th National Film Awards. Chandra Siddhartha served in South Jury at the 57th, 61st and 65th National Film Awards, as well as the 49th IFFI.[198][199]

Film Score

Sri Sri was one of the influential film lyricists of his time, who garnered national honors such as Sahitya Akademi Award, Best Lyricist and Soviet Land Nehru Award for his pioneering work.[200][201]Susarla Dakshinamurthi, Parupalli Ramakrishnaiah Pantulu, Ogirala Ramachandra Rao, Pithapuram Nageswara Rao, Tanguturi Suryakumari, and Mangalampalli Balamuralikrishna are some of the influential music composers of Southern Indian cinema.[202][203][204] Music composers such as Pendyala Nageswara Rao, R. Sudarshanam and R. Goverdhanam made contributions to folklore and mythological films.[205][206]

 
 
 
 
From left to right: Ghantasala on an Indian stamp, S. P. Balasubrahmanyam, S. Janaki, and P. Susheela

Madhavapeddi Satyam, P. Adinarayana Rao, Gali Penchala Narasimha Rao, Chellapilla Satyam, P. B. Sreenivas, S. P. Kodandapani, G. K. Venkatesh, S. Hanumantha Rao, have contributed their work extensively for films containing themes of social relevance.[207] S.P. Balasubrahmanyam is a multilingual playback singer from Telugu cinema to win National Film Awards across four languages. He holds the record of having recorded more songs than any other male playback singer and has received 25 state Nandi Awards.[208]

S. Rajeswara Rao pioneered the use of light music in Telugu cinema; Rao's most rewarding assignments came from Gemini Studios, which he joined in 1940 and with which he remained for a decade.[209] Ghantasala, performed in the United States, England, and Germany. According to The Hindu, and The Indian Express he was "Such a divine talent and with his songs he could move the hearts of the people. Ghantasala's blending of classical improvisations to the art of light music combined with his virtuosity and sensitivity puts him a class apart, above all others in the field of playback singing".[210][additional citation(s) needed]

P. Susheela, has been recognized by both the Guinness Book of World Records and the Asia Book of Records for singing most songs in Indian languages.[211] She is also the recipient of five National Film Award for Best Female Playback Singer and numerous state awards.[212] Works by S. Janaki, Ramesh Naidu, and M. M. Keeravani, have received global recognition, the later fetching the Academy Award for Best Original Song, and the Golden Globe Award for Best Original Song in 2023 for "Naatu Naatu" from RRR.[213] K. S. Chitra has received highest Nandi awards for best female playback singer. Multi-instrumentalists duo Raj–Koti holds a notable career spanning a decade, the duo has garnered particular acclaim for redefining contemporary music.[214][215] R. P. Patnaik is the current president of the Telugu Cine Music Association.[216]

Nandi Awards

The Nandi Awards is the most prominent government funded award ceremony for excellence in the production of Telugu film, theatre and television. It is presented annually at Lalitha Kala Thoranam in Hyderabad previously,[217] by the Film, Television and Theatre Development Corporation of Andhra Pradesh.[218] "Nandi" means "bull", the awards being named after the big granite bull at Lepakshi — a cultural and historical symbol of the Telugu culture.

Guinness records

Dubbed films

The 1949 film Keelu Gurram was the first Telugu film to be dubbed into the Tamil language, being subsequently released under the name Maya Kudhirai.[52] According to the Andhra Pradesh Film Chamber of Commerce, "as per the Judgement of Supreme Court in Ashirwad Films in W.P.(Civil) No.709 there will be no difference in taxation of films between the dubbed films coming in from other states and the films produced in the Telugu States".[228] Aarya movie was later dubbed to Malayalam.[citation needed]

Distribution

The Telugu-speaking areas are broadly divided into three areas for the purposes of Film Distribution, namely, Nizam, Ceded and Andhra. Nizam alone contributes to nearly 45% of the revenue.[229][230]

Telugu film distribution territories

Territory Areas Included
Nizam State of Telangana, along with two districts of Karnataka viz., Raichur and Koppal
Ceded Eight districts of Rayalaseema region along with Bellary of Karnataka and Markapur revenue division of Prakasam district
Uttarandhra Visakhapatnam district, Vizianagaram district, Srikakulam district, Anakapalli district and parts of Alluri Sitharama Raju district
East East Godavari district, Kakinada district, Konaseema district, Yanam district of Puducherry and parts of Alluri Sitharama Raju district
West West Godavari district, Parts of Eluru district
Krishna Krishna district, NTR district, Parts of Eluru district
Guntur Guntur district, Bapatla district, Palnadu district and Ongole revenue division of Prakasam district
Nellore Nellore district and Kandukur revenue division of Prakasam district
Karnataka State of Karnataka excluding districts of Raichur, Koppal and Bellary, along with Krishnagiri district of Tamil Nadu
Tamil Nadu State of Tamil Nadu excluding Krishnagiri district and Puducherry (excluding Yanam district)
Kerala State of Kerala
ROI Rest of India including the Hindi Belt

Apart from the above, there is also an emerging Overseas territory, especially United States which accounts for a significant amount of revenue.[231]

Awards

Government awards

Major industry awards

Other awards

Studios

Major Filmmaking studios

Visual effects and animation studios

See also

Notes

  1. ^ Telugu films in the list include Pathala Bhairavi (1951), Malliswari (1951), Devadasu (1953), Mayabazar (1957), Nartanasala (1963), Maro Charitra (1978), Maa Bhoomi (1979), Sankarabharanam (1980), Sagara Sangamam (1983), and Siva (1989).[14]
  2. ^ Mrinal Sen's Oka Oori Katha (1977) won the "Special Jury Prize" at "Karlovy Vary";[16] K. Viswanath's Sankarabharanam (1980) won the "Prize of the Public" at the Besançon Film Festival of France, and Swathi Muthyam (1986) was India's official entry to the 59th Academy Awards.[17][18] B. Narsing Rao's Maa Ooru (1987) won the "Media Wave Award" of Hungary; Daasi (1988) and Matti Manushulu (1990) won the Diploma of Merit awards at the 16th and 17th MIFF respectively.[19][20] K. N. T. Sastry's Thilaadanam (2000) received "New Currents Award" at the 7th Busan;[21] Rajnesh Domalpalli's Vanaja (2006) won "Best First Feature Award" at the 57th Berlinale;[22]
  3. ^ [27][28][29][30][31][32]

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Further reading

  • Shohini Chaudhuri (2005). Contemporary World Cinema: Europe, the Middle East, East Asia and South Asia. Edinburgh University Press. p. 149. ISBN 0-7486-1799-X.
  • Gokulsing, K.; Moti Gokulsing, Wimal (2004). Indian Popular Cinema: A Narrative of Cultural Change. Trentham Books. p. 132. ISBN 1-85856-329-1.
  • Arnold, Alison (2000). "Pop Music and Audio-Cassette Technology: Southern Area – Film music". The Garland Encyclopedia of World Music. Taylor & Francis. ISBN 978-0-8240-4946-1.

External links

  •   Media related to Telugu cinema at Wikimedia Commons

March 14, 2023
telugu, cinema, confused, with, cinema, west, bengal, also, called, tollywood, also, known, tollywood, segment, indian, cinema, dedicated, production, motion, pictures, telugu, language, widely, spoken, states, andhra, pradesh, telangana, based, film, nagar, h. Not to be confused with Cinema of West Bengal also called Tollywood Telugu cinema also known as Tollywood is the segment of Indian cinema dedicated to the production of motion pictures in the Telugu language widely spoken in the states of Andhra Pradesh and Telangana Telugu cinema is based in Film Nagar Hyderabad As of 2021 update Telugu cinema is the largest film industry in India in terms of box office 6 7 Telugu films sold 23 3 crore 233 million tickets in 2022 the highest among various film industries in India 4 5 Telugu cinemaNo of screens2809 screens in Andhra Pradesh and Telangana states of India 1 Main distributorsSuresh ProductionsVyjayanthi MoviesDVV EntertainmentsAnnapurna StudiosGeetha ArtsArka Media WorksSri Venkateswara CreationsMythri Movie MakersProduced feature films 2022 3 Total219Number of admissions 2022 Total233 million 4 5 Technical crafts of Telugu cinema especially visual effects and cinematography are considered as one of the most advanced in Indian cinema 8 The industry has produced some of India s most expensive and highest grossing films of all time Telugu production Baahubali 2 2017 is currently the highest grossing film of all time in India Telugu film industry is home to the Ramoji Film City certified by the Guinness World Records as the largest film studio complex in the world measuring over 1 666 acres 674 ha 9 10 Since 1909 filmmaker Raghupathi Venkaiah Naidu was involved in producing short films and travelling to different regions in Asia to promote film work In 1921 he produced the silent film Bhishma Pratigna generally considered to be the first Telugu feature film and hence regarded as the Father of Telugu cinema 11 The first Telugu film with audible dialogue Bhakta Prahlada 1932 was directed by H M Reddy In 1933 Sati Savitri directed by Chittajallu Pullayya received an honorary diploma at the 2nd Venice Film Festival 12 Since its inception Telugu cinema was known as the pre eminent centre of mythological films in India 13 From the late 1930s films focused on contemporary living and social issues like Raithu Bidda 1939 were produced and gradually gained prominence Ten Telugu films were featured in CNN IBN s list of 100 Greatest Indian Films of All Time a Though known for big ticket and popular films catering to wider audience Telugu filmmakers also forayed into parallel and arthouse films 15 Parallel films like Daasi 1988 Thilaadanam 2000 Vanaja 2006 among others have won accolades at major film festivals including Berlin Karlovy Vary Moscow and Busan b Since the mid 2010s Telugu cinema has pioneered the pan Indian film movement cutting across ethnic and linguistic barriers Epic films like Baahubali 2 2017 and RRR 2022 fetched various international accolades including Saturn Award for Best International Film and the Critics Choice Movie Award for Best Foreign Language Film respectively Contents 1 History 1 1 Early development 1 2 Rise of the talkie 1 3 Cinema during the Crown Rule 1 4 Classical cinema and Golden Age 1 5 Rise of Tollywood 1 6 Neo Tollywood 1 7 Sub genres and off beat films 1 8 Spread to World markets 2 Cast and crew 2 1 Cinematography and visual effects 2 2 Film critics and jury members 2 3 Film Score 3 Nandi Awards 4 Guinness records 5 Dubbed films 6 Distribution 6 1 Telugu film distribution territories 7 Awards 8 Studios 9 See also 10 Notes 11 References 12 Further reading 13 External linksHistory EditEarly development Edit Raghupathi Venkaiah Naidu father of Telugu cinema 11 23 24 Raghupathi Venkaiah Naidu was a photographer and photographic studio owner in Madras who was drawn into filmmaking Since 1909 he was involved in producing short films 25 He shot 12 short films and exhibited them in Victoria Public Hall Madras He also travelled to Bangalore Vijayawada Sri Lanka Rangoon and Pegu to exhibit his films 25 In 1910 he established Esplanade Ten House to exhibit his films In 1912 he constructed Gaiety Talkies on Mount Road the first Indian owned cinema theatre in Madras He later constructed Crown Theatre on Mint Street and Globe Theatre in Purasawakkam Madras 26 In 1919 he started a production company called Star of East Films and a film studio called Glass Studio He sent his son Raghupati Surya Prakash Naidu R S Prakash to study cinematography in London 26 In 1921 they made Bhishma Pratigna generally considered as the first Telugu feature film c The film was produced by Venkaiah Naidu while R S Prakash directed and produced along with playing the title character Y V Rao and R S Prakash established a long lasting precedence of focusing exclusively on religious themes Nandanar Gajendra Moksham and Matsyavatar three of their most noted productions centred on religious figures parables and morals 26 The first film studio in South India Durga Cinetone was built in 1936 by Nidamarthi Surayya in Rajahmundry Andhra Pradesh 33 In 1935 Andhra Cine Tone was built in Visakhapatnam by Gottumukkala Jagannadha Raju He introduced digital theater sound with the 1935 film Jagadamba 34 Rise of the talkie Edit Promotional poster of Bhakta Prahlada the first full length Telugu talkie produced and directed by H M Reddy to have a theatrical release 35 The first Telugu film with audible dialogue Bhakta Prahlada was directed by H M Reddy who directed the first bilingual Tamil and Telugu talkie Kalidas 1931 Bhakta Prahlada was completed on 15 September 1931 36 which henceforth became known as Telugu Film Day to commemorate its completion 37 38 39 Popularly known as talkies films with sound quickly grew in number and popularity In 1934 the industry saw its first major commercial success with Lava Kusa Directed by C Pullayya and starring Parupalli Subbarao and Sriranjani the film attracted unprecedented numbers of viewers to theatres and thrust the young industry into mainstream culture 40 By 1936 the mass appeal of film allowed directors to move away from religious and mythological themes 40 That year under the direction of Kruthiventi Nageswara Rao Prema Vijayam a film focusing on social issues was released Its success prompted the production of dozens of other immensely successful social films notably 1939 s Vandemataram touching on societal problems like the practice of giving dowry Telugu films increasingly focused on contemporary living 29 of the 96 films released between 1937 and 1947 had social themes 41 Cinema during the Crown Rule Edit Y V Rao left pioneer of cinema during crown rule 42 and stalwart V Nagayya right known for his method acting 43 In 1938 Gudavalli Ramabrahmam has co produced and directed the social problem film Mala Pilla starring Kanchanamala the film dealt with the crusade against untouchability prevailing in pre independent India 44 45 In 1939 he directed Raithu Bidda starring thespian Bellary Raghava The film was banned by the British administration in the region for depicting the uprise of the peasantry among the Zamindar s during the British raj 46 1940 film Viswa Mohini is the first Indian film depicting the Indian movie world The film was directed by Y V Rao and scripted by Balijepalli Lakshmikantha Kavi starring V Nagayya Rao subsequently made the sequel films Savithri and Sathyabhama 1941 42 casting thespian Sthanam Narasimha Rao 47 48 The outbreak of World War II and the subsequent resource scarcity caused the British Raj to impose a limit on the use of filmstrip in 1943 to 11 000 feet 49 a sharp reduction from the 20 000 feet that had been common till then 50 As a result the number of films produced during the war was substantially lower than in previous years Nonetheless before the ban an important shift occurred in the industry Independent studios formed actors and actresses were signed to contracts limiting whom they could work for and films moved from social themes to folklore legends 51 Ghantasala Balaramayya has directed the mythological Seetarama Jananam under his home production Prathiba Picture marking veteran Akkineni Nageswara Rao s Telugu screen debut in 1944 citation needed Classical cinema and Golden Age Edit Malliswari is the first Telugu film which had a public release with thirteen prints along with Chinese subtitles at Beijing on 14 March 1953 and a 16 mm film print was also screened in the United States 52 53 The film was directed by B N Reddy a recipient of the Dada Saheb Phalke Award and the Doctor of Letters honour 53 From left to right A production still of Mayabazar 1957 N T Rama Rao in Pathala Bhairavi 1951 the only south Indian film screened at 1st IFFI Kanta Rao and Raajanala in a folklore combat scene The industry is one of the largest producers of folklore fantasy and mythological films 54 55 56 Filmmakers like K V Reddy B Vittalacharya and Kodi Ramakrishna have pioneered this genre 57 58 1956 film Tenali Ramakrishna has garnered the All India Certificate of Merit for Best Feature Film In 2013 IBN Live s poll cited Mayabazar as the greatest Indian film of all time 59 Relangi and Ramana Reddy were a comedy double act during this era 60 Nartanasala won three awards at the third Afro Asian Film Festival in Jakarta 61 Donga Ramudu directed by K V Reddy was archived in the curriculum of the Film and Television Institute of India 62 Nammina Bantu received critical reception at the San Sebastian International Film Festival 63 64 1967 film Ummadi Kutumbam was selected by Film Federation of India as one of its entries to the Moscow Film Festival 62 65 The 1968 cult classic Sudigundalu was screened at the Tashkent and Moscow Film Festivals 66 Bapu s directorial venture Sakshi was showcased at Tashkent International film festival in 1968 67 In 1976 he directed Sita Kalyanam got critical acclaim at the BFI London Film Festival and Chicago International Film Festival and is part of the curriculum at British Film Institute 68 69 Rise of Tollywood Edit The nickname Tollywood is a portmanteau of the words Telugu and Hollywood 70 Moola Narayana Swamy and B N Reddy founded Vijaya Vauhini Studios in 1948 in the city of Chennai 71 Indian film doyen L V Prasad who started his film career with Bhakta Prahlada founded Prasad Studios in 1956 based in Chennai 72 However through the efforts of D V S Raju the Telugu film industry completely shifted its base from Chennai to Hyderabad in the early 1990s during N T Rama Rao s political reign 73 From left to right S V Ranga Rao A Nageswara Rao and Savitri Veteran actor Akkineni Nageswara Rao relocated to Hyderabad and has developed Annapurna Studios The Telugu film industry is one of the three largest film producers in India About 245 Telugu films were produced in 2006 the highest in India for that year Film studios in Hyderabad developed by D Ramanaidu and Ramoji Rao are involved in prolific film production and employment 74 There is a fair amount of dispersion among the Indian film industries Since 2005 many successful Telugu films have been largely remade by the Bengali cinema and Hindi film industries while in the past Telugu filmmakers drew inspiration from Bengali cinema and literature 75 Telugu film production accounts for one percent of the gross domestic product of the region 76 77 78 The digital cinema network company UFO Moviez marketed by Southern Digital Screenz SDS has digitized several cinemas in the region 79 80 The Film and Television Institute of Telangana Film and Television Institute of Andhra Pradesh Ramanaidu Film School and Annapurna International School of Film and Media are some of the largest film schools in India 81 82 The Telugu states consist of approximately 2800 theaters the largest number of cinema halls of any state in India 83 Being commercially consistent Telugu cinema had its influence over commercial cinema in India 84 The industry holds the Guinness World Record for the largest film production facility in the world Ramoji Film City 85 The Prasads IMAX located in Hyderabad is one of the largest 3D IMAX screens and the most attended cinema screen in the world 86 87 88 As per the CBFC report of 2014 the industry is placed first in India in terms of films produced yearly 89 The industry holds a memorandum of understanding with the Motion Picture Association of America to combat video piracy 90 91 92 In the years 2005 2006 2008 and 2014 the industry has produced the largest number of films in India exceeding the number of films produced in Bollywood 93 74 1992 film Gharana Mogudu is the first Telugu film to gross over 10 crore at the box office 94 Produced on a shoe string budget of 1 2 crore 2000 film Nuvve Kavali became sleeper hit of the late 1990s 95 96 It was screened for 200 days in 20 screens grossing over 20 crore 97 98 99 Neo Tollywood Edit Hyderabad International Convention Center has been the Hyderabad home for Filmfare Awards South since 2007 100 101 Dasari Narayana Rao directed the most number of films in the Telugu language exploring themes such as aesthestics in Meghasandesam 1982 Battle of Bobbili in the biographical war film Tandra Paparayudu 1986 alternate history with Sardar Papa Rayudu 1980 and gender discrimination in Kante Koothurne Kanu 1998 for which he received the Special Jury Award Feature Film Director at the 46th National Film Awards 102 K Raghavendra Rao explored devotional themes with Agni Putrudu 1987 Annamayya 1997 Sri Manjunatha 2001 Sri Ramadasu 2006 Shirdi Sai 2012 and Om Namo Venkatesaya 2017 receiving various state honours 103 Singeetam Srinivasa Rao introduced science fiction to the Telugu screen with Aditya 369 1991 the film dealt with exploratory dystopian and apocalyptic themes 104 The edge of the seat thriller had characters which stayed human inconsistent and insecure The film s narrative takes the audience into the post apocalyptic experience through time travel as well as folklore generation of 1500 CE which including a romantic backstory the Time Machine made it a brilliant work of fiction 105 106 107 Ram Gopal Varma s Siva which attained cult status in Telugu cinema is one of the first Telugu films produced after the migration of Telugu film industry from Madras to Hyderabad to feature characters speaking the Telangana dialect 108 109 Varma was credited with the introduction of steadicams and new sound recording techniques in Telugu films 110 Within a year of the film s release more than ten steadicams were imported into India 111 Siva attracted the young audience during its theatrical run and its success encouraged filmmakers to explore a variety of themes and make experimental Telugu films 112 113 From left to right K Viswanath B Narsing Rao Ram Gopal Varma S S Rajamouli Subsequently Varma introduced road movie and film noir to Indian screen with Kshana Kshanam Varma experimented with close to life performances by the lead actors which bought a rather fictional storyline a sense of authenticity at a time when the industry was being filled with unnecessary commercial fillers 114 It went on to gather a cult following in south India 115 with a dubbed Hindi version titled Hairaan released to positive reports from bollywood critics the Ann Arbor Film Festival and the Fribourg Festival 116 117 Chiranjeevi s works such as the comedy thriller Chantabbai the vigilante thriller Kondaveeti Donga the first Telugu film to be released on a 70 mm 6 Track Stereophonic sound citation needed the western thriller Kodama Simham and the action thriller Gang Leader popularized genre films with the highest estimated footfall 118 Reddiff com cited Sekhar Kammula s National Award winning Dollar Dreams 2000 as a take off from where Nagesh Kukunoor s Hyderabad Blues 1998 ends citation needed Dollar Dreams explored the conflict between American dreams and human feelings The film re introduced social realism to Telugu screen and brought back its lost glory which until then was stuck in its run of the mill commercial pot boilers 119 Vanaja 2006 won several international awards including the first prize in the live action feature film category at the Chicago International Children s Film Festival 120 Dream 2012 has garnered the Royal Reel Award at the Canada International Film Festival 121 122 123 2013 Social problem film Naa Bangaaru Talli won Best Film award at the Detroit Trinity International Film Festival 124 125 126 Minugurulu 2014 about blind children received Best Indian Film at the 9th India International Children s Film Festival Bangalore 127 2013 Cultural film O Friend This Waiting has received special mention at the Erasing Borders Festival of Classical Dance Indo American Arts Council New York 2013 citation needed Experimental film Parampara has garnered the Platinum Award for Best Feature at the International Indonesian Movie Awards 128 2018 biographical film Mahanati based on the life of veteran actress Savitri has garnered the Equality in Cinema Award at the 2018 Indian Film Festival of Melbourne 129 During the 1990s the Rayalaseema dialect was portrayed in films about the factional conflicts in the area while the Telangana dialect already having been pegged to villainous and comedic roles saw an increase in this usage in reaction to the shift of the Telugu film production from Madras to Hyderabad 130 131 After the formation of the state of Telangana in 2014 Telangana culture gained more prominence and more films were produced portraying Telangana culture and dialect 132 Sub genres and off beat films Edit Chiranjeevi Nagarjuna Venkatesh Balakrishna Prabhas and Shraddha Kapoor on the sets of Saaho 2019 Screenwriters such as Chandra Sekhar Yeleti experimented with the off beat film Aithe 2003 with a caption all movies are not the same Aithe was made on a shoestring budget of about 1 5 crores and went on to collect more than 6 crores After almost two years he delivered another thriller Anukokunda Oka Roju 2005 both films were a refreshing change of pace to the audiences produced by Gangaraju Gunnam 133 Aithe was remade in Tamil as Naam 2003 and in Malayalam as Wanted 2004 134 Mohana Krishna Indraganti explored the themes of chastity and adultery in his literary adaption Grahanam 2004 based on Gunadosham by social critic G V Chalam 135 136 Grahanam was shot in 19 days with a digital camera 137 failed verification B Anuradha of Rediff com cited In this offbeat film Indraganti upholds the tirade against chauvinists who accuse a noble lady of infidelity ignoring her denials with contempt The film was featured at the Independent South Asian Film Festival in the United States 138 137 Speaking about the centenary of Indian cinema at the CII Media and Entertainment Summit 2012 filmmaker Shekhar Kapur said regional cinema is surpassing Hindi cinema in content and story and cited Eega 2012 as an example Kapur said he was impressed with its story and use of technology and called it no less than a Hollywood superhero film 139 Shah Rukh Khan called Eega an awesomely original film and a must watch with children 140 141 Eega won various awards at the 8th Toronto After Dark Film Festival 142 Sub Genre war drama Kanche 2015 by Krish Jagarlamudi explored the 1944 Nazi attack on the Indian army in the Italian campaign during World War II in an engrossing background tale of caste ism while giving it a technically brilliant cinematic rendition 143 Sankalp Reddy explored submarine warfare in his directorial debut Ghazi 2017 based on the mysterious altercation between PNS Ghazi and INS Karanj during the Indo Pakistani War of 1971 144 Indo Asian News Service called new generation film maker Sandeep Vanga s Arjun Reddy the most original experimental work to come out of Telugu cinema in a long time and said the protagonist s played by Vijay Deverakonda rise fall and rise is nothing short of poetic and heart wrenching 145 Actor dancer Allu Arjun produced and acted in the short film I Am That Change 2014 to spread awareness on individual social responsibility The movie was directed by Sukumar which was screened in theatres across Andhra Pradesh and Telangana on Indian Independence day 2014 146 Adivi Sesh scripted the Neo noir Kshanam 2016 based on a real life incident of a missing three year old girl 147 Sesh followed it up writing R A W thriller Goodachari 2018 and the war docudrama Major 2022 148 149 Cinema Bandi 2022 scripted and directed by Praveen Kandregula and produced by film making duo Raj and D K explored the theme of how a lost camera fuels dreams in a Telugu hamlet winning the Jury Special Mention at the 53rd IFFI 150 151 Spread to World markets Edit See also List of highest grossing Telugu films and Pan Indian film Mahesh Babu and Kajal Aggarwal on the sets of Brahmotsavam 2016 Sets of Baahubali series at Ramoji Film City Athadu was released with 6 prints in United States and was distributed by Vishnu Mudda and Soma Kancherla of Crown DVD distribution company in San Jose Dallas Detroit Virginia New Jersey Atlanta Chicago Los Angeles Boston Minneapolis Phoenix at Arizona and also in centers like Lowell at Massachusetts MA Tulsa at Oklahoma West Virginia Springfield Boulder at Colorado and Corpus Christi at South Texas Because of the demand another print was imported from India for screening 152 153 The film s first screening in USA happened at Cine Plaza 13 at North Bergen on the night of 11 August 2005 154 At Connecticut a special screening was conducted on 19 August 2005 Initially one show was planned but because of the demand another show was screened There at the theater a turn out of 442 people was observed which included standing audience for 434 seats and about 60 could not be accommodated 155 Apart from USA the film released in selected screens in United Kingdom Singapore Germany and Australia 153 Bommarillu was released worldwide with 72 prints Owing to its success the number of reels grew to about hundred 156 It collected a distributors share of 5 crore in its opening week in India 156 Released in six major metros in the United States the film collected 73 200 then approximately 0 3 crore within the first four days of screening 156 A 2006 survey conducted by a popular entertainment portal in the United States revealed that the film was watched by an Indian expatriate population of 65 000 which generated a revenue of 3 crore at that time 157 A cumulative gross revenue for the film was reported to be 25 crore including 3 5 crore from overseas the largest for any Telugu film at that time Owing to this path breaking trade the film was remade into Tamil Bengali Oriya and Urdu Hindi 158 2006 action film Pokiri has been remade in Hindi Tamil and Kannada in the following two years owing to the film s commercial success It was screened at the IIFA film festival held in Dubai in 2006 159 Walt Disney Pictures co produced Anaganaga O Dheerudu making it the first South Indian production by Disney 160 161 Dookudu was released among seventy nine screens in the United States the Los Angeles Times quoted it as The biggest hit you ve never heard of 162 163 164 In the rest of north east and west India it opened up in 21 cities 165 The film set a box office record by collecting a gross of more than 100 crore at the time 166 167 On 1 June 2022 RRR was screened in over 100 theatres across the United States for a one night event called encoRRRe 168 Speaking to Deadline Hollywood Dylan Marchetti of Variance Films said that With more than 250 films coming out of India annually RRR could be a gateway drug 169 Nashville Scene s Jason Shawhan wrote about the event that the nationwide encore of RRR is American audiences reaching with outstretched arms to something so exciting and rock solid entertaining that its success already happened without insular traditional media even mentioning it This isn t America dipping a toe in Indian cinema it s a victory lap 170 30 Filmmaker S S Rajamouli has been signed by American talent agency Creative Artists Agency owing to RRR being the only non English language film to trend globally on Netflix Platform for 10 consecutive weeks 171 Cast and crew Edit From left to right Bhanumathi on a postal stamp Sobhan Babu Kota Srinivasa Rao Brahmanandam and Mohan Babu V Nagayya was one of the most influential method actors of Indian cinema during crown rule 172 Vemuri Gaggaiah Kalyanam Raghuramayya R Nageswara Rao C S R Anjaneyulu Yadavalli Suryanarayana C H Narayana Rao Mudigonda Lingamurthy etc are some of the finest method actors during the golden era 173 S V Ranga Rao won Best Actor Award for his portrayal of Kichaka in Nartanasala at the third Afro Asian Film Festival held in Jakarta 174 175 Adurthi Subba Rao garnered seven National Film Awards for his pioneering work on drama films 176 K N T Sastry and Pattabhirama Reddy have garnered international recognition for their works in neo realistic cinema 177 178 A Kutumba Rao is known for directing children s films such as Bhadram Koduko Thodu and Paatha Nagaramlo Pasivadu the latter winning Cairo International Film Festival s Merit Certificate for best feature 179 180 Jandhyala and Trivikram Srinivas are known for screwball comedy and action comedy 181 A Sreekar Prasad garnered pan India recognition for film editing across multiple languages 182 Krishna Ghattamaneni is credited with producing many technological firsts such as the first cinemascope film Alluri Seetarama Raju first 70mm film Simhasanam first DTS film Telugu Veera Levara 1988 and introducing cowboy and bond movie styles to the Telugu screen 183 Sharada Archana Vijayashanti Rohini Keerthy Suresh P L Narayana and Nagarjuna received the National Film Award for acting Chiranjeevi was listed among The men who changed the face of the Indian Cinema by IBN live India 184 185 Brahmanandam holds a Guinness World Record for acting in the most films in the same language 186 187 Vijayachander acted and produced hagiographical films he esaayed Jesus of Nazareth in Karunamayudu 1978 Sai Baba of Shirdi in Sri Shirdi Saibaba Mahathyam 1986 Vemana in Vemana Charithra 1986 and Saint Paul in Dayamayudu 1987 188 Mohan Babu is starred in more than 500 feature films in a variety of antagonist roles 189 Cinematography and visual effects Edit From left to right Cinematographer turned mainstream director Teja at a shooting location 1994 and Chota K Naidu on location 2019 V N Reddy K S Prasad Jaya Gummadi Sudhakar Yakkanti and C Rajendra Prasad garnered pan India recognition for their cinematographic works 190 191 192 Enhanced technology among live action animation digital compositing and special effects paved the way for upgrading from established cinematic norms Visual effects based high fantasy works have tasted success 193 Pete Draper P C Sanath Chakri Toleti and V Srinivas Mohan supervise visual effects 193 194 Film critics and jury members Edit Vasiraju Prakasam and K N T Sastry are one of the noted Indian film critics from the region 195 196 B S Narayana was a member of the Indian delegation to the Tashkent Film Festival in 1974 and the Moscow International Film Festival in 1975 197 Gummadi served as official member of the Indian delegation from South India to the Tashkent Film Festival in 1978 and 1982 64 He served as the Jury Member thrice for the 28th 33rd and 39th National Film Awards Chandra Siddhartha served in South Jury at the 57th 61st and 65th National Film Awards as well as the 49th IFFI 198 199 Film Score Edit Sri Sri was one of the influential film lyricists of his time who garnered national honors such as Sahitya Akademi Award Best Lyricist and Soviet Land Nehru Award for his pioneering work 200 201 Susarla Dakshinamurthi Parupalli Ramakrishnaiah Pantulu Ogirala Ramachandra Rao Pithapuram Nageswara Rao Tanguturi Suryakumari and Mangalampalli Balamuralikrishna are some of the influential music composers of Southern Indian cinema 202 203 204 Music composers such as Pendyala Nageswara Rao R Sudarshanam and R Goverdhanam made contributions to folklore and mythological films 205 206 From left to right Ghantasala on an Indian stamp S P Balasubrahmanyam S Janaki and P Susheela Madhavapeddi Satyam P Adinarayana Rao Gali Penchala Narasimha Rao Chellapilla Satyam P B Sreenivas S P Kodandapani G K Venkatesh S Hanumantha Rao have contributed their work extensively for films containing themes of social relevance 207 S P Balasubrahmanyam is a multilingual playback singer from Telugu cinema to win National Film Awards across four languages He holds the record of having recorded more songs than any other male playback singer and has received 25 state Nandi Awards 208 S Rajeswara Rao pioneered the use of light music in Telugu cinema Rao s most rewarding assignments came from Gemini Studios which he joined in 1940 and with which he remained for a decade 209 Ghantasala performed in the United States England and Germany According to The Hindu and The Indian Express he was Such a divine talent and with his songs he could move the hearts of the people Ghantasala s blending of classical improvisations to the art of light music combined with his virtuosity and sensitivity puts him a class apart above all others in the field of playback singing 210 additional citation s needed P Susheela has been recognized by both the Guinness Book of World Records and the Asia Book of Records for singing most songs in Indian languages 211 She is also the recipient of five National Film Award for Best Female Playback Singer and numerous state awards 212 Works by S Janaki Ramesh Naidu and M M Keeravani have received global recognition the later fetching the Academy Award for Best Original Song and the Golden Globe Award for Best Original Song in 2023 for Naatu Naatu from RRR 213 K S Chitra has received highest Nandi awards for best female playback singer Multi instrumentalists duo Raj Koti holds a notable career spanning a decade the duo has garnered particular acclaim for redefining contemporary music 214 215 R P Patnaik is the current president of the Telugu Cine Music Association 216 Nandi Awards EditThe Nandi Awards is the most prominent government funded award ceremony for excellence in the production of Telugu film theatre and television It is presented annually at Lalitha Kala Thoranam in Hyderabad previously 217 by the Film Television and Theatre Development Corporation of Andhra Pradesh 218 Nandi means bull the awards being named after the big granite bull at Lepakshi a cultural and historical symbol of the Telugu culture Guinness records EditGuinness Record had been awarded to Ramoji Film City Hyderabad as the largest film studio complex in the world it opened in 1996 and measures 674 hectares 1 666 acres With 47 sound stages it has permanent sets ranging from railway stations to temples 85 219 D Rama Naidu holds the Guinness World Record as the most prolific producer with 130 films 220 Dasari Narayana Rao holds the Guinness World Record as the most films directed with 151 films 221 Brahmanandam holds the Guinness World Record for acting in the most films in a single language 1000 films 186 187 222 S P Balasubrahmanyam holds the Guinness World Record for having sung the most songs for any male playback singer in the world 223 224 225 with the majority of his songs sung in Telugu Vijaya Nirmala holds a Guinness World Record as the female director with the most films having made 47 films 226 In 2016 P Susheela entered the Guinness Book of World Records for recording the highest number of songs in musical history 227 Dubbed films EditThe 1949 film Keelu Gurram was the first Telugu film to be dubbed into the Tamil language being subsequently released under the name Maya Kudhirai 52 According to the Andhra Pradesh Film Chamber of Commerce as per the Judgement of Supreme Court in Ashirwad Films in W P Civil No 709 there will be no difference in taxation of films between the dubbed films coming in from other states and the films produced in the Telugu States 228 Aarya movie was later dubbed to Malayalam citation needed Distribution EditThe Telugu speaking areas are broadly divided into three areas for the purposes of Film Distribution namely Nizam Ceded and Andhra Nizam alone contributes to nearly 45 of the revenue 229 230 Telugu film distribution territories Edit Territory Areas IncludedNizam State of Telangana along with two districts of Karnataka viz Raichur and KoppalCeded Eight districts of Rayalaseema region along with Bellary of Karnataka and Markapur revenue division of Prakasam districtUttarandhra Visakhapatnam district Vizianagaram district Srikakulam district Anakapalli district and parts of Alluri Sitharama Raju districtEast East Godavari district Kakinada district Konaseema district Yanam district of Puducherry and parts of Alluri Sitharama Raju districtWest West Godavari district Parts of Eluru districtKrishna Krishna district NTR district Parts of Eluru districtGuntur Guntur district Bapatla district Palnadu district and Ongole revenue division of Prakasam districtNellore Nellore district and Kandukur revenue division of Prakasam districtKarnataka State of Karnataka excluding districts of Raichur Koppal and Bellary along with Krishnagiri district of Tamil NaduTamil Nadu State of Tamil Nadu excluding Krishnagiri district and Puducherry excluding Yanam district Kerala State of KeralaROI Rest of India including the Hindi BeltApart from the above there is also an emerging Overseas territory especially United States which accounts for a significant amount of revenue 231 Awards EditGovernment awards National Film Awards Nandi Awards Raghupathi Venkaiah Award NTR National Award B N Reddy National AwardMajor industry awardsFilmfare Awards South South Indian International Movie Awards IIFA Utsavam Santosham Film Awards Mirchi Music Awards SouthOther awards Sangam Academy Award Chittoor Nagayya Puraskaram CineMAA Awards Allu Ramalingaiah Award Gollapudi Srinivas Award B Nagi Reddy Wholesome Entertainment Film 232 Tollywood GAAMA Awards Gemini Ugadi Puraskaralu Hyderabad Times Film Awards Vamsee Berkely Awards Akruti Film Awards FNCC Awards Andhra Pradesh Film Journalist s Association Awards T Subbarami Reddy Award 233 ANR National Award Sakshi Excellence AwardsStudios EditMajor Filmmaking studiosRamanaidu Studios Saradhi Studios Ramakrishna Studios Padmalaya Studios Annapurna Studios Ramoji Film CityVisual effects and animation studiosPrasad EFX Magic in motion Pixelloid Studios Fire Fly Creative Studios 234 235 Makuta VFX 236 See also EditList of Indian winners and nominees of the Academy Awards List of Indian winners and nominees of the Golden Globe Awards List of highest grossing Indian films List of South Indian film families List of silent films from South IndiaNotes Edit Telugu films in the list include Pathala Bhairavi 1951 Malliswari 1951 Devadasu 1953 Mayabazar 1957 Nartanasala 1963 Maro Charitra 1978 Maa Bhoomi 1979 Sankarabharanam 1980 Sagara Sangamam 1983 and Siva 1989 14 Mrinal Sen s Oka Oori Katha 1977 won the Special Jury Prize at Karlovy Vary 16 K Viswanath s Sankarabharanam 1980 won the Prize of the Public at the Besancon Film Festival of France and Swathi Muthyam 1986 was India s official entry to the 59th 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