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Sebastián Piñera

April 10, 2024

Miguel Juan Sebastián Piñera Echenique[b] (Spanish: [miˈɣel ˈxwan seβasˈtjam piˈɲeɾa etʃeˈnike] ⓘ; 1 December 1949 – 6 February 2024) was a Chilean businessman and politician who served as president of Chile from 2010 to 2014 and again from 2018 to 2022. The son of a Christian Democratic politician and diplomat, he studied business administration at the Pontifical Catholic University of Chile and economics at Harvard University. At the time of his death, he had an estimated net worth of US$2.7 billion, according to Forbes, making him the third richest person in Chile and the 1177th richest person in the world.[1][2]

Sebastián Piñera
Official portrait, 2018
34th and 36th President of Chile
In office
11 March 2018 – 11 March 2022
Preceded byMichelle Bachelet
Succeeded byGabriel Boric
In office
11 March 2010 – 11 March 2014
Preceded byMichelle Bachelet
Succeeded byMichelle Bachelet
President pro tempore of PROSUR
In office
22 March 2019 – 12 December 2020
Preceded byPosition established
Succeeded byIván Duque
Leader of National Renewal
In office
26 May 2001 – 10 March 2004
Preceded byAlberto Cardemil
Succeeded bySergio Díez
Senator for Eastern Santiago
In office
11 March 1990 – 11 March 1998
Preceded byPosition established
Succeeded byCarlos Bombal
Personal details
Born
Miguel Juan Sebastián Piñera Echenique

(1949-12-01)1 December 1949
Santiago, Chile
Died6 February 2024(2024-02-06) (aged 74)
Lake Ranco, Los Ríos Region, Chile
Cause of deathHelicopter crash
Political partyNational Renewal (1989–2010)[a]
Independent (2010–2024)
Other political
affiliations		Coalition for Change (2009–2013)
Chile Vamos (2015–2024)
Spouse
​
(m. 1973)​
Children4
EducationPontifical Catholic University of Chile (BS)
Harvard University (MA, PhD)
Signature
WebsiteOfficial website

A member of the liberal-conservative National Renewal party, he served as a senator for the East Santiago district from 1990 to 1998, running for the presidency in the 2005 election, which he lost to Michelle Bachelet, and again, successfully, in 2010. As a result, he became Chile's first conservative president to be democratically elected since 1958,[3] and the first to hold the office since the departure of Augusto Pinochet in 1990.[4]

The legacy of Piñera's two administrations include the reconstruction following the 2010 Chile earthquake, the rescue of 33 trapped miners in 2010, a rapid response to the COVID-19 pandemic, and the legalization of same-sex marriage in Chile in 2021–2022.[5][6] After leaving office in 2022 Piñera developed amicable relations with the new left-wing president Gabriel Boric, who had previously been a harsh critic of him.[7][8] Piñera died in a helicopter crash on Lake Ranco on 6 February 2024 at age 74. Piñera's supporters form a cross-party centre-right and right-wing faction called Piñerism.[9]

Early life and education edit

Piñera was born in Santiago de Chile on 1 December 1949,[10][11] as the third child of José Piñera Carvallo (1917–1991) and Magdalena Echenique Rozas (1919–2000).[12] Among his ancestors on his maternal side is his mother's great-great-grandmother, Luisa Pinto Garmendia, the sister of President Aníbal Pinto Garmendia and daughter of President Francisco Antonio Pinto and Luisa Garmendia Alurralde, who was a descendant of the penultimate Inca emperor, Huayna Capac.[13] He was a nephew of the former oldest living Roman Catholic bishop in the world, Bernardino Piñera, who died in 2020 due to complications from COVID-19.[14][15]

 
Piñera in 1965.

Piñera's family moved to Belgium one year after his birth and later to New York City, where his father was the Chilean ambassador to the United Nations. Piñera returned to Chile in 1955 and enrolled in the Colegio del Verbo Divino ("Divine Word School"), from which he graduated in 1967.[16]

Piñera then enrolled at the Pontifical Catholic University of Chile, from which he graduated in 1971 with an undergraduate degree in commercial engineering. Upon graduation, he was awarded the Raúl Iver Oxley Prize, which is given to the best overall student in each class.[17]

Piñera continued on to Harvard University on a partial Fulbright Program for postgraduate studies in economics. During his time at Harvard, Piñera and a classmate coauthored an article, "The Old South's Stake in the Inter-Regional Movement of Slaves", for the Journal of Economic History.[18] After three years at Harvard, Piñera graduated with both a Master of Arts and PhD in economics.[19]

Career edit

Teaching edit

Piñera was an economics lecturer from 1971 until 1988 at the University of Chile, the Pontifical Catholic University of Chile, and Adolfo Ibáñez University. In 1971, he was in charge of Economic Political Theory in the School of Economics at the University of Chile, and in 1972, at the Valparaiso Business School.[20]

Foundations edit

In 1989, with Cecilia Morel, Danica Radic, and Paula Délano, Piñera created the Enterprising Women Foundation (Fundación Mujer Emprende), originally called The House of Youth (La Casa de la Juventud). The foundation aims to assist in the development of young women of lower income.[21]

In 1973, Piñera created the foundation Fundación Futuro, of which he was president and whose directors are Cristián Boza D., María Teresa Chadwick P., Hugo Montes B., Cecilia Morel M., Renato Poblete S.J., and Fabio Valdés C. The head director of the foundation is Magdalena Piñera.[22] The foundation's mission is to help in Chile's development of justice, freedom, and democracy.[23] The foundation was renamed Fundación Cultura y Sociedad after Piñera was elected president.[24]

Under the Fundación Cultura y Sociedad (formerly Fundación Futuro), the Grupo Tantauco has the mission of environmentalism, and is administered by Juan Carlos Urquidi. It was created to support the proposals Piñera instituted or planned to institute during his presidency.[25] In 2005, Piñera created Tantauco Park (Spanish: Parque Tantauco), a 1,180 km2 (456 sq mi) a private natural reserve he bought and owned on the south end of Chiloé Island, in order to protect 118,000 hectares of the region's unique ecosystem. His foundation runs the park, which is open to the public and is an ecotourist location.[26] Piñera bought the 118,000 hectares in Chiloé through an offshore company in Panama. He faced pressure to cede eight hectares to sixteen indigenous families whose presence pre-dates Piñera's purchase and who have spent years negotiating to obtain title to their familial lands.[27][28]

An additional project, Grupo Tantauco: Derechos Humanos, was proposed in hopes of beginning a reconciliation between the Chilean people who suffered human rights violations during Augusto Pinochet's dictatorship.[29]

Businesses edit

 
Before entering politics, Piñera was a businessman with several corruption charges

Piñera was general manager of the Banco de Talca. In 1982, a warrant was issued for his arrest on charges of violating banking law and fraudulent loans,[30] in an event where over US$38 million were not paid to the Central Bank of Chile, Piñera being the Banco de Talca's CEO. The money disappeared and was never paid.[31] Piñera spent 24 days in hiding while his brother, José Piñera, appealed the order, making some calls to underestimate the crime. A writ of habeas corpus, first rejected by the Appeals Court but then approved by the Supreme Court, acquitted Piñera.[32] According to the Pandora Papers, Sebastián Piñera's case was throw out due to political intervention.[30]

Sebastián Piñera was also involved in the Chispas Case, on which a fraudulent buyout of the chilean electrical company Enersis netted its participants over $400 million. All involved were convicted, resulting in a $75 million fine.[33]

Between 1992 and 2004 Sebastian Piñera engaged in tax evasion through the use of shell companies, for which he was never formally charged.[34] Due to Pandora Papers leaks, he was formally charged for tax-evasion and bribery due to selling a family-owned copper mine Dominga to his best friend through shell companies registered in British Virgin Islands [35]

Piñera once owned 90% of Chilevisión (a terrestrial television channel broadcasting nationwide). He also owned 27% of LAN Airlines (LAN);[36] 13% of Colo-Colo,[37] a football (soccer) club; and other minor stock positions in companies such as Quiñenco, Enersis, and Soquimich.[38][39][40]

In July 2007, Piñera was fined approximately US$680,000 by Chile's securities regulator (SVS) for not withdrawing a purchase order after receiving privileged information (an infraction similar to insider trading) of LAN Airlines stock in mid-2006.[41] Later that month, he resigned from the boards of LAN and Quintec.[42]

To avoid a conflict of interest, he sold Chilevisión for $160 million in 2010 to Time Warner.[36][43] He also sold his shares of LAN in several rounds between February and March 2010.[44]

Piñera built an estimated fortune of US$2.8 billion as of February 2018, according to Forbes magazine.[45] His wealth was greatly due to his involvement in introducing credit cards to Chile in the late 1970s and his subsequent investments, mainly in LAN Airlines stock. Piñera acquired shares of the formerly state-owned company from Scandinavian Airlines in 1994, as part of a joint venture with the Cueto family.[45][46]

Political career edit

See also: Political positions of Sebastián Piñera

In 1988, after Pinochet had lost the referendum on his continued rule and Chile was returning to democracy, Piñera offered his support for the Christian Democrat Eduardo Frei Ruiz-Tagle in his pre-candidacy for president.[47]

Between 11 March 1990 and 11 March 1998, Piñera was senator for Eastern Santiago.[48]

In 1998, Piñera opposed the arrest and detention of Augusto Pinochet in London, initiated by Baltasar Garzón, arguing that it was an attack on Chile's sovereignty and dignity.[49]

On 14 May 2005, in a surprise move, Piñera announced his candidacy for the 2005 presidential election (RN was supposed to support UDI's Lavín). He described his political philosophy as Christian humanism.[50]

2009–10 presidential elections edit

 
Piñera celebrates alongside his wife and family after winning the 2009–10 presidential election
Main article: 2009–10 Chilean general election

Piñera ran for President of Chile in the 2009–2010 election.[51] From August 2009, he led in opinion polls, competing with left-of-center candidates Eduardo Frei Ruiz-Tagle, Marco Enríquez-Ominami, and Jorge Arrate. In the 13 December 2009 election, Piñera placed first in the results with 44.05% of the votes, while Frei placed second with 29.6%.[52] Neither candidate received more than half of the total votes; therefore, as per the Constitution, Chileans returned to the polls for a final run-off election on Sunday, 17 January 2010.[53]

That evening, the third and final preliminary results were announced by the Undersecretary of the Interior,[54] accounting for 99.77% of the total ballot boxes. Piñera received 51.61% of the votes and Frei received 48.39%.[55]

 
Piñera meeting with Michelle Bachelet during the presidential transition

Piñera invested an estimated US$13.6 million in his presidential campaign, which included items such as a campaign anthem[56] and "Thank You" banners.[57] Piñera's banners and billboards carried statements throughout the country such as "Delinquents, your party is over," and "Small businesses, Big opportunities".[58] Piñera's campaign released a national TV spot on YouTube featuring a male gay couple, something never seen before in a presidential campaign run in Chile. Amongst his promises were increasing education rates and improving international relations with the neighboring nation of Peru.[59]

Piñera's victory meant a shift towards the right,[60] breaking two-decades of center-left political leadership in Chile and I. the process becoming the first elected right-wing leader in 52 years.[61]

On 28 January, Piñera suspended his membership in National Renewal party and unofficially became an independent.[62] RN's bylaws require successful presidential candidates from the party to renounce their association to govern the country fairly, foremost with the interest of the people, not with the interest of a political party or particular political philosophy.[63]

Private to public transition edit

Piñera became the first billionaire to be sworn into the Chilean Presidency.[64] He offered to sell his shares in major corporations before being sworn in on 11 March 2010, to avoid conflicts of interest. Piñera placed US$400 million in blind trusts.[65]

The Monday following Piñera's election, expectations of sale from his largest holdings created a surge in trade of Axxion and LAN shares, causing three brief suspensions (19–20, 22 January 2010) in the Santiago Stock Exchange to ease trade. Axxion shares more than tripled before falling 39% on Friday, 22 January.[66] Bachelet's Finance Minister Andrés Velasco urged Piñera to get the sale "sorted out quickly."[67] The value of Piñera's interest in Axxion was estimated at US$700 million, of his US$1.2 billion fortune at the beginning of that week.[68]

On 5 February, Piñera confirmed plans to sell his 26.3% stake in LAN airlines at an extraordinary shareholders' meeting for his main holding company, Axxion. Under the pact, Axxion shareholders have agreed to fix the price of the sale, estimated at US$1.5  billion. The Cueto family, who at that point held 25.5% of LAN through their holding company Costa Verde Aeronáutica, had the first option to purchase the stake.[69] On 18 February, Axxion posted a statement on their website confirming the sale of a 21.18% stake in LAN Airlines to the Cueto family for US$1.23 billion. Announcement regarding the sale of the remaining shares was pending until March 2010, when the whole package left Piñera's hands.[70]

Piñera sold his 9.7% stake in the upscale private hospital Clinica Las Condes at a price of 25,113 CLP per share (US$48.00) through his holding company Bancard on Tuesday, 16 February. The total sale of the 792,000 shares grossed US$37.85 million and was purchased by the brokerage firm Celfin.[71] The proceeds from the sale will go to paying off Bancard debt.[72]

Piñera announced in February he had the intention to transfer 100% of his stake in Chilevisión to a not-for-profit organization called Fundación Cultura y Sociedad (formerly Fundación Futuro), of which he was owner.[73] The foundation's board will include some of the station's current executives. Under that proposal, Piñera maintains the right to remove and replace the foundation's president at any given time.[74] Cristián Patricio Larroulet Vignau, current Minister of the Secretariat of the Presidency of Chile, stated that Piñera was honoring his promise of removing himself from private corporations, as Chilevision will become the property of a non-profit organization. MP Cristián Monckeberg (RN), stated there was no law obligating Piñera to do otherwise and thus this decision was legally legitimate.[73] The option above did not take place in the end; Piñera decided to sell the TV station, and after a failed attempt in May 2010 with the Linzor Capital investment fund, the President announced it had sold Chilevisión to Time Warner, in late August 2010.[75]

Piñera said he would not sell his 12.5% stake in Blanco y Negro, a company that owns the Colo-Colo soccer team. He stated: "We want big things and not only achieve local victories. The idea is to return the Copa Libertadores to Chile. That is our great goal."[76] Although he will remain part owner, he will take no administrative duties or role while President.[77]

Council of Ministers edit

Main article: Ministries of Chile

Piñera announced his "cabinet of unity" on 9 February 2010 in Chile's National Historical Museum. The cabinet was made up of 16 men and 6 women. Among Piñera's nominees was Jaime Ravinet, the previous president's defense minister; until accepting Piñera's offer, he had been a member of the Christian Democratic Party. Another nominee was Cristián Larroulet, who was an economic planning adviser under Pinochet.[78] Piñera first met with his new ministers one day later and issued a formal memorandum calling upon all members to renounce their positions in all private companies by 28 February to avoid conflicts of interest. The memorandum also said that in regards to national heritage, secretaries of state whose affiliation with companies having direct receipt of fiscal monies must either remove themselves from those associations or honor the restrictions of their competitors.[79]

First presidency (2010–2014) edit

See also: 2010 Copiapó mining accident and Bicentennial of Chile

Cabinet edit

 
Piñera's official portrait for his first term as president
 
Piñera receives the presidential sash from Senate President Jorge Pizarro at the National Congress of Chile on 11 March 2010

Piñera was sworn in as the 34th President of the Republic of Chile on 11 March 2010, in a ceremony held in a plenary session of the National Congress in Valparaíso. In the same ceremony, Piñera's Cabinet ministers were sworn in. The ceremony was also marked by a 6.9 Mw earthquake and subsequent aftershocks that upset the invitees.[80]

 
President Sebastián Piñera during the 2010 Copiapó mining accident rescue efforts, with a paper confirming that the 33 miners were alive.

Among the milestones of his first government was the rescue of the San José mine in 2010, a year in which Chile lived the Bicentennial, in addition to the earthquake of February 27 and the subsequent reconstruction of the country after it. The national soccer team participated in the 2010 FIFA World Cup in South Africa, the approval of a tax reform for education (increasing taxes), the Zamudio law (a law against discrimination in favor of sexual minorities), the closure of the Cordillera prison and the installation in the political discourse of the concept of "passive accomplices" from the Pinochet Government, the reception of the decision of the International Court of Justice in The Hague on the maritime delimitation between Chile and Peru in 2014, the six-month postnatal law, the sending of the Civil Union Agreement law, the creation of Chile Atiende, the automatic registration, voluntary voting and primary laws, the law for the direct election of regional councilors, the elimination of the 7% contribution charge for retirees, the creation of the Ethical Family Income, the Luchsinger-Mackay case, the student protests of 2011, in addition to protests in the Chilean Patagonia. He helped to create the Pacific Alliance, started recognizing the State of Palestine, participated in the Colombian peace process and celebrated the Summit between the Community of Latin American and Caribbean States and the European Union in Santiago in 2013.[81]

 
President Piñera watching the Chile vs. Suiza match in the 2010 FIFA World Cup.

In 2014, during the end of his term, the President highlighted the creation of 990 thousand new jobs, in addition to the fact that the country was in a position to grow economically between 6 or 7%, in addition to the reduction of poverty rates in the country.[82]

 
Alexis Sánchez Football player promoting the Elige Vivir Sano program with First Lady Cecilia Morel.

The first lady, Cecilia Morel, was in charge of the Elige Vivir Sano program, and the Ministry of Sports and the Ministry of Social Development were created during the administration.

The composition of his government was marked by the presence of former officials of the Pinochet dictatorship. For example, the head of the cabinet of the Undersecretary of Defence, Major Mario Larenas Gutiérrez, was accused by the communist deputy Hugo Gutiérrez of having participated in the Caravan of Death following the 1973 coup.[83] The same deputy recalled the past of the general appointed by Piñera as director of the Gendarmerie, Iván Andrusco, who had worked at DICOMCAR, a repressive body dissolved following the Caso Degollados (1985), and who had been forced to resign.[84][85]

On 12 October 2010, Piñera rallied his countrymen in the rescue of 33 trapped miners, all of whom were rescued after 70 days following a mining accident. "Chile will never be the same", he said to the miners' foreman, Luis Urzúa, as he (the last of the miners to emerge from the cavern) greeted Piñera, in a broadcast carried live across the globe.

Despite much goodwill in Chile following this incident, he faced continuing opposition from Chileans calling for amendments to anti-terrorism laws on the grounds that Mapuche Indigenists could be treated as terrorists. This matter led to hunger strikes which started before the mining disaster, and were set to continue afterward.[86] The Araucanía Region suffers from constant burnings of trucks and private infrastructure by some radical groups.

 
Sebastián Piñera and his Council of Ministers in Chile's Palacio de Cerro Castillo

In January 2011 he faced protests in Magallanes Region in response to a proposed increase in the price of natural gas there by 16.8%. The protests left more than two thousand cars isolated while trying to cross from the Argentine province of Tierra del Fuego to the province of Santa Cruz through Chilean territory. Another 1,500 tourists were left without movement in Torres del Paine National Park after routes to Puerto Natales and El Calafate were cut.[87] In consequence, on 14 January, Minister Secretary General of Government Ena von Baer announced changes in Sebastián Piñera's government cabinet, including the resignation of Ricardo Raineri as Energy Minister. Laurence Golborne became Mining and Energy Minister, on 16 January.[88]

 
Presidents Barack Obama and Sebastián Piñera at La Moneda Palace in 2011.

Amidst the severe 2011 Chilean student protests Piñera shuffled his cabinet and removed Joaquín Lavín from the post of minister of education. With respect to the protest, Piñera defended for-profit activity in education and proposed to legalize it, rejecting the students' demands for the public ownership of educational establishments.[89] During August 2011, Piñera's public approval declined precipitously amidst continuous protests, to the extent that some polls indicated that he was the least popular Chilean leader since Augusto Pinochet. His approval ratings dropped to as low as 22% according to a CERC survey.[90] As such, Piñera's chances of passing sought reforms were seen as remote.[91]

Foreign affairs edit

 
President Piñera speaking during the 2013 Celac-European Union Summit organized in Santiago by his administration.

In March 2011, President Piñera led a state visit to Spain to boost relations between the two countries. While in Spain, President and Mrs Piñera, with Prince Felipe and Princess Letizia, opened the exhibition "Don Qui. El Quijote de Matta", at the Cervantes Institute of Madrid.[92]

 
President Piñera & First Lady Morel with Elizabeth II during their state visit to United Kingdom in October 2010

As president, Piñera expressed support for the Argentine claim on the Falkland Islands, referring to "the unrenounceable rights of Argentina on the islands".[93] In March 2012, Piñera visited Vietnam with the intention of increasing cooperation between the two countries in general and with Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam's most populous and largest economic hub, in particular. HCM City also called for a Chilean sister city while receiving Piñera on 23 March. The visit included the signing of a bilateral trade agreement and several cooperation pacts in education, tourism, culture, and finance.[94]

President Piñera had a fundamental role in the creation of the Pacific Alliance, and also involved Chile in the international arena by celebrating the CELAC-EU Summit in Santiago in 2013 in which he had a discussion with Bolivia President Evo Morales on the topic of the Bolivian Government demanding Sea Access.

 
President Piñera with Bolivian President Evo Morales on the San José Mine in 2010.

Criticism edit

 
Levels of approval (blue) and disapproval (red) of Piñera's term from 2010 to 2014, according to the Adimark survey. Piñera left office in March 2014 with an approval rating of 50%

Early in 2012, physicist Frank Duarte sharply criticized Piñera's performance in the handling of the Chilean–Peruvian maritime dispute at The Hague, deemed as favoring commercial interests over the interest of the Chilean people, and called for Chile's withdrawal from The Hague.[95] Following the adverse ruling against Chile in 2014, several political figures in Chile, from a variety of political parties, also called for Chile's withdrawal from The Hague that would, in addition, imply a withdrawal from the Pact of Bogota.[96][97]

According to Hermógenes Pérez de Arce Ibieta, President Piñera had pushed for Harold Mayne-Nicholls to be replaced as President of the Chilean Football Board in 2010.[98] Pérez de Arce hold Piñera, owner of football club Colo-Colo, had a long-term interest in removing Mayne-Nicholls from the Presidency of the Chilean Football Board.[98] Marcelo Bielsa, the manager of the Chile national football team, subsequently made headlines for his brief and cold greeting to Piñera in the farewell before the 2010 FIFA World Cup.[99][100] Both Bielsa and Mayne-Nicholls had good relations with former president Michelle Bachelet, Piñera's political rival.[101]

First post-presidency (2014–2018) edit

 
Piñera, together with President Bachelet and the other former presidents of Chile, in 2014.

Following his departure from power on March 11, 2014, Piñera dedicated himself to the creation of Fundación Avanza Chile,[102] a center-right think tank that sought to play an important role in the opposition to Michelle Bachelet's government. In addition to Piñera, several of his former ministers were members of the foundation's board. At the same time, the former president participated in conferences and seminars.

In May 2014, he was invited to join the Club of Madrid.

2017 presidential elections edit

 
Piñera's campaign logo in the first round of the election
 
Piñera's campaign logo in the second round of the election
Main article: 2017 Chilean general election

On 17 December 2017, Sebastián Piñera was elected president of Chile for a second term.[103] He received 36% of the votes, the highest percentage among the eight candidates in the election. In the second round, Piñera faced Alejandro Guillier, a television news anchor who represented Bachelet's New Majority (Nueva Mayoría) coalition. Piñera won the elections with 54% of the votes.[51]

During the campaign, much emphasis was placed on anti-communism with the slogan "Chilezuela" in reference to the Chilean left on social media.[104] Piñera received support from his right-wing rival in the first round, José Antonio Kast, in the second round.[105] Piñera promised to lower taxes from 27% to 24%, criticizing Bachelet's tax reform.[106] Piñera promised to lead a "modern right".[107]

Second presidency (2018–2022) edit

 
President Piñera receives presidential sash and the O'Higgins Pioche for the second time, 11 March 2018
 
President Piñera meets with U.S. President Donald Trump

Piñera took office for a second time on 11 March 2018, succeeding the outgoing Michelle Bachelet. Environmental NGOs accused the government of yielding to pressure from the mining lobby to thwart any draft legislation. In 2018, Piñera buried an initiative to ban industrial activities near glaciers. In 2019, a draft law from the ranks of the opposition caused tensions. It is supposed to convert glaciers and their surrounding environment "into protected areas, prohibiting any intervention except scientific and that can benefit sustainable tourism". At least 44 mining projects will likely be completed between 2019 and 2028.[108]

In May 2018, in response to massive feminist demonstrations, his government adopted "The Women's Agenda", which combined a conservative social vision and economic liberalism.[109][clarification needed] In June 2021, Piñera said that he would push for the adoption of a same-sex marriage bill, drawing criticism from his conservative allies.[110] In December 2021 he enacted the law before the second round of the presidential election. Previously in 2019 he enacted the "gender identity" law.

During the end of the administration, the Universal Guaranteed Pension was enacted, benefiting 2.5 million Chileans. In addition, he started the organization of the 2023 Pan American Games.

Cabinet edit

 
Piñera's Second Term original Cabinet.

In January 2018, Piñera unveiled his cabinet to harsh criticism: his interior minister, Andrés Chadwick, was a vocal supporter of Pinochet dictatorship, which had previously appointed him president of the Catholic University Students Federation.[111] In 2012 Chadwick expressed "deep repentance" for this support after discovering "over the years" serious human rights violations committed by the dictatorship, while defending the regime on other grounds.[112]

Chadwick and justice minister Hernán Larraín were also "supporters and defenders of the secretive German enclave Colonia Dignidad, which was established by the fugitive Nazi officer and paedophile Paul Schäfer in the early 60s".[111] Colonia Dignidad was used by Pinochet security officials to torture and murder opponents of the regime.[111][113]

Immigration edit

 
Sebastián Piñera in 2018 with immigrants after regularizing their migratory status.

In March 2018, just after taking office and during an interview with Deutsche Welle, the president expressed: "we are going to continue receiving Venezuelans in Chile, because we have a duty of solidarity and I never forget that when Chile lost its democracy, Venezuela was very generous with Chileans who were looking for new opportunities".[114]

On April 9, 2018, the President announced a new immigration law[115] approved in 2019, thanks to which 300,000 illegal immigrants were regularized.[116] The "Democratic Responsibility Visa" was created for Venezuelan immigrants[117] in addition to the "Simple Consular Visa for Tourism" and the "Visa for Humanitarian Purposes" for Haitians, in order to regulate the immigration situation that was brought in by the previous government, but increasing it by legal means. In December 2018, the government announced that Chile would not sign the Global Compact for Migration,[118] however, the government did sign the Global Compact on Refugees.[119]

On July 8, 2019, the government's spokesperson, Cecilia Pérez, expressed that Venezuelans would continue to be allowed in "until the country resists it." So that Chileans are well. "That means being able to have the relevant demands to be able to attend to health, education, housing and work."[120]

In mid-2019, as a result of the mass exodus of Venezuelans from their country, an immigration crisis emerged in the Chacalluta border complex, Senator Felipe Kast, a member of the government coalition, said that: "It is positive that the Government is implementing a policy orderly and humanitarian immigration; closing the borders to people with criminal records, and supporting children and women who seek to reunite with their relatives residing in Chile" and requested to "reach out to them" by directly managing that Venezuelans could carry out immigration procedures with their expired passport.[121]

On July 31, 2019, Foreign Minister Teodoro Ribera signed an agreement with the resident coordinator of the United Nations System in Chile, Silvia Rucks, on collaboration on immigration and refuge.[122]

Response to 2019–2020 Chilean protests edit

Main article: 2019–2020 Chilean protests
 
Piñera decreeing a State of Emergency during the political crisis in October 2019.

Following widespread protests that broke out across Chile in October 2019 and the burning of multiple subway stations in Santiago[123] as well as public and private infrastructure destroyed throughout the country,[124] President Piñera declared on 18 October that Chile was "at war with a powerful enemy"[125] and declared a state of emergency, authorizing the deployment of the Chilean Army across the main regions to enforce order and prevent the destruction of public property, and invoked before the courts the Ley de Seguridad del Estado ("State Security Law") against dozens of detainees.[126] As a result, Piñera was criticized for his actions, resulting in an approval rate of 9% by 24 October, according to a poll by Active Research,[127] although it increased to 13% by 1 June 2020,[128] against 73% disapproval. This consistently low level of support was attributed to losing support from officials due to failure to restore order and enforce the rule of law.[129]

On 15 November te "Agreement for Peace" was reached between many political parties agreeing the realization of the 2020 Chilean constitutional referendum, having the support of the President.

On 12 December 2019 the National Congress rejected an opposition-led motion to impeach him. The impeachment resolution accused him of "failing to protect human rights" in relation to the protests.[130]

In response to the unrest, Piñera removed Chadwick as Interior and Public Security Minister on 28 October 2019 and replaced him with Gonzalo Blumel. On 11 December Chadwick was impeached for his role in the protests, including the many eye injuries attained by protesters.[131][132] Chadwick was banned from holding public office for five years.[132]

Response to COVID-19 Pandemic edit

Main article: COVID-19 pandemic in Chile
 
President Sebastián Piñera getting vaccinated.

As of 19 April 2021, Chile had recorded 1,131,340 cases of COVID-19 and 25,277 deaths from COVID-19, placing the country in the 50th and 31st places by total cases per million and total deaths per million respectively.[133] In response, Piñera banned events with more than 500 people[134] and issued lock-down orders in certain areas of the country, most notably the Santiago Metropolitan Region.[135] Despite heavy criticism amidst the still ongoing political crisis,[136] Chile managed to achieve one of the fastest vaccination rates worldwide.[137]

Following the social unrest that erupted in late 2019, Piñera's diminished capacity to govern according to the principle of presidentialism led to claims that Chile was in a state of de facto parliamentarism or should become parliamentary.[138][139][140][141][c]

Conflict in Araucanía edit

 
President Piñera presents the Carabineros Special Task Force Group against terrorism.

Piñera faced conflict in the Araucania region and nearby provinces, where Mapuche Indigenist groups demanded the ownership of lands that they consider "ancestral" and also consider that were taken over by large companies. Militants have carried out attacks and arson attacks on large logging operations, leading the Chilean government to declare a state of emergency in October 2021 and to militarise the region. Several civilians were killed as a result of law enforcement actions.[142]

On November 14, 2018, the Shooting of Camilo Catrillanca happened.[143][144] Additionally, and within the context of the trial for the Luchsinger-Mackay case, a series of incidents developed in Araucanía, with riots, arson attacks, road blockades and other demonstrations in 2020.

On February 9, 2020, the trucker Juan Barrios was resting on the side of the road inside his vehicle when it was set in fire. He ended up with burns on 30% of his body and with his respiratory tract compromised. He died on March 4, 2020, and inspired the creation of a law that had his name. The main objective of this bill is to increase criminal penalties for arson attacks on motor vehicles by modifying the Penal Code. In August and September 2020, several truck drivers' unions carried out a national strike alleging insecurity in the south of the country.[145]

On October 30, 2020, the shooting of the Carabinero Eugenio Nain occurred. He was shot to death by an unidentified armed group in the Padre Las Casas commune.[146]

Foreign affairs edit

Further information: List of presidential trips made by Sebastián Piñera
 
President Piñera with the Venezuelan opposition leader Juan Guaidó.

On February 22, 2019, Piñera met with Venezuelan opposition leader Juan Guaidó in Cúcuta, Colombia. President Piñera also attended the Venezuela Aid Live concert.

Sebastián Piñera showed closeness with Latin American leaders related to his political sector, such as Mauricio Macri, and has been critical of those who are not, especially with the Venezuelan government.

On April 13, the executive attended the VIII Summit of the Americas, where he met with other leaders of the region.

On May 11, 2018, Argentina and Chile announced that they were working on the final stage of eliminating “roaming” between both countries.

On October 1, 2018, the ruling of the International Court of The Hague on the maritime case between Bolivia and Chile was read, which was favorable to Chile. The government celebrated the result along with the opposition and citizens.

 
Signing of the Presidential Declaration on the Renewal and Strengthening of the Integration of South America at the Palacio de La Moneda (March 2019).

In March 2019, Chile hosted the first "Meeting of Presidents of South America", which was part of the first Summit of the Forum for the Progress of South America (Prosur), a regional organization that was founded in said year as a proposal from the Chilean and Colombian presidents, Sebastián Piñera and Iván Duque.

 
President Piñera leads the launch of COP 25 in April 2019.

During the government, the Escazú Agreement was not signed, despite having led its negotiations during the previous administration of Michelle Bachelet, alleging reasons of "national sovereignty" in abandoning the agreement. For the 2019 United Nations Climate Change Conference (COP25) was planned to be held in Chile along with the APEC summit, however, both events had to be canceled due to the political crisis at the end of the years, being the first reorganized in Madrid at the offer of the Pedro Sánchez government.

US President Donald Trump planned to sign an agreement with the People's Republic of China to end the trade war between China and the United States at the APEC event in Chile. President signed the Environmental Crimes Law in January 2019. Piñera also participated in the 2018 G20 Buenos Aires summit as a guest of Argentine President Mauricio Macri and in the 2019 G20 Osaka summit as President of APEC 2019.

 
President Piñera at the 2019 G20 Osaka summit.

On August 1, the government signed with the United Nations System the "United Nations Cooperation Framework for Sustainable Development 2019-2022", being the fourth document of this type to be prepared for Chile and the first to be adopted under the challenges of the 2030 Agenda and the 17 Sustainable Development Goals. Future government chancellors ratified the government's commitment to the implementation of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development in Chile.

In 2021, President Sebastián Piñera, authorized the chart SHOA N° 8 not to showing the rectangle in the non-demarcated zone of the Southern Patagonian Ice Field and expresses the continental shelf claimed by Chile in the Sea of the Southern Zone. Until before the enacted decree, and also after it, on official Chilean maps and also on tourist maps, Chilean maps show a rectangle clarifying that the boundary was not demarcated according to the 1998 agreement. In the map of Piñera's decree of August 23 of that year, it was not shown as such and the cartography prior to 1998 was used. Both countries consider that they have about a thousand kilometers more ice than the other, which is reflected in the cartographic difference in the Southern Patagonian Ice Field dispute.[147][148]

Pandora Papers edit

Further information: Pandora Papers

In the Pandora Papers leak of 3 October 2021, Piñera was named in the revealed documents.[149] According to the Spanish newspaper El País, Chilean media organizations CIPER and LaBot allegedly documented that Piñera was involved in "particularly controversial activity".[149] According to reports, Piñera took money from a prominent mining executive in exchange for government support for Minera Dominga – a controversial mining investment project located in an environmentally sensitive area. The mining executive in question is Piñera's childhood friend Carlos Alberto Délano of Andes Iron.[149][150]

El País wrote:[149]

In December 2010, when Piñera had been in the presidential residence, La Moneda Palace, for just nine months, the presidential family sold the business to Délano with a deed signed in Chile for $14 million and another in the Virgin Islands for $138 million. The amount was to be paid in three installments, with a caveat: the last payment was conditional on there not being environmental protection imposed on the mining operations area, as environmental groups were demanding. The decision on the viability of Minera Dominga was left in the hands of the Piñera government, which failed to promote environmental protection, so the third installment was finally paid.

According to Infobae, Piñera's family and other investors allegedly made a 1,000% profit over an eighteen-month period on the project that required approval from Piñera's government.[151]

In response, Piñera's business manager said that Piñera had not been in control of his own companies for about twelve years and that he was not aware of the sale of Minera Dominga to Délano.[149]

Impeachment edit

As a consequence of the leaked information by the Pandora Papers; a formal impeachment was launched against him. On 9 November 2021, the Chamber of Deputies passed the impeachment and it then moved to the Senate, where a two-thirds vote is needed to remove a sitting president.[152][153] On 16 November 2021, the Senate voted against removing Piñera from office, ending the impeachment process.[154]

Second post-presidency (2022–2024) edit

 
Former President Sebastián Piñera in 2023 in the University for Development.

During 2022 Sebastián Piñera had a low public profile, keeping silent during the first months of Boric's government and during the campaign for the constitutional plebiscite of 2022,[155] something that would gradually change and in mid 2023 he began to participate publicly in politics again.[156]

During an interview in 2023 he ruled out a third term candidacy saying that "I want to be a good former president. And what a good former president does is contribute to unity, to improve the level of debate, to favor dialogue and agreements, to denounce bad ideas - those that harm the country -, to promote good ideas and, Now, I want to become a person who puts his weight behind great causes".[157] He also had a surge in popularity in the polls[158] and President Boric himself began to call him "a democrat".[159]

At the same time, he continued to actively participate in politics, proposing a simile of the Concertación, but ranging from the centrist Amarillos to the hard-right Republican Party.[160] He also criticized Boric saying that: "He is not leading the country on the right path."[161]

That same year he spoke about the political crisis of 2019 saying "the left did not condemn the violence and sought to overthrow the president" and that "it was a non-traditional coup d'état."[162]

Furthermore, in the context of the 50th anniversary of the 1973 coup, he stated that "Allende's government did not respect the principles of democracy."[163] He also signed the letter made by President Boric together with the other Former Presidents entitled "For democracy, always", challenging his Chile Vamos coalition.[164] He also met with Boric in La Moneda on the first day of the month.[165]

He supported Javier Milei's successful presidential campaign in the 2023 Argentine general election.[166]

In the 2023 Chilean constitutional referendum he voted "In Favor" and also expressed at the end of 2023 that Evelyn Matthei would be the "best presidential figure" in his political sector.[167]

In both 2023 and 2024, Former President Piñera made his administration's work team available to coordinate aid to the victims of the 2024 wildfires with the government of Gabriel Boric with whom he had phone calls, days before his death.[168][169]

Public image edit

Since the return to democracy in 1990 Piñera has been the president with the lowest approval rating in polls.[170] According to diplomat and political scientist Carlos Huneeus, Piñera showed himself well-prepared in his public appearances with a good command of relevant facts, yet he failed to show empathy.[171] In an interview with Cristián Warnken, Piñera acknowledged he had difficulties in expressing his feelings.[172] In April 2012, The Economist described Piñera as being considered an "inept politician" by both the opposition and supporters.[173][d]

Piñera's supporters form a cross-party centre-right and right-wing faction called Piñerism.[9] In his second post-presidency he had a surge in popularity in the polls;[158] also, his successor, President Boric, calls Piñera "a democrat"[175] as well as other former Presidents.[176]

Jokes and informal style edit

 
Piñera showing Trump a sign with the Chilean flag inside the American one.
 
President Piñera sitting on the Oval Office Resolute Desk while Obama watches him.

Many of Piñera's jokes were, according to diplomat and political scientist Oscar Godoy, attempts to gain sympathy.[177]

In December 2011, during a state visit to Mexico, a joke made by Piñera where he compared women with politicians caused uproar in Chile, sparking criticism from his own minister Carolina Schmidt who said of the joke that it was "[hurtful] to many women".[178] In the joke, Piñera said that "when a lady says 'no' it means maybe, when she says maybe it means yes and when she says yes she is not a lady."[179] The Chilean Network Against Domestic and Sexual Violence called the joke "misogynistic" and "a shame for the whole country".[179] Previously on a state visit to Peru in 2011, Piñera received criticism for his informal style after he revealed to Peruvian president-elect Ollanta Humala that he was a descendant of the Inca Huayna Capac.[180] Senator Jorge Pizarro criticized Piñera's comment to Ollanta Humala, calling for more careful and respectful attitudes.[181]

In June 2013, after visiting U.S. President Obama in the White House,[182] he said, "I'm going to sit at the President of the United States' desk", breaking the White House's political protocols. Alfredo Moreno Charme, Minister of Foreign Affairs, said "How many other presidents have done the same?" and Obama responded, "This is the only one," causing laughter between those there. Piñera then justified his abrupt actions by stating his daughter was born in the United States.[183]

Bad luck and ridicule edit

Piñera was often publicly associated with bad luck.[184] The BBC listed a series of situations of "bad luck" concerning Piñera's presidency: the 2010 Maule earthquake followed by another quake during Piñera's inauguration ceremony, the Copiapó mining accident of 2010, the 2010 Santiago prison fire, the 2011 Puyehue-Cordón Caulle eruption and the 2012 Araucanía wildfires.[184] His lapses, errors and inconveniences were labelled "piñericosas" in Chile.[185] Carlos Peña was deeply critical of Piñera's failed public appearances, calling his improvised visit to Plaza Baquedano, the epicenter of the 2019–2020 protests, in April 2020 an act of "provocation and contempt" and "narcissism bordering on evil" (Spanish: narcicismo cercano a lo maligno).[171]

Chilean impressionist Stefan Kramer recurrently personified Piñera since at least 2010. This initially caused some displeasure in the Government, which filed a complaint in 2010 to the National Television Council regarding what they saw as a disrespectful portrayal.[186][187] In 2011, Kramer again personified Piñera, alongside his brother Miguel, in the Teletón charity event while Piñera was present in the audience.[186][188][189] Judging the situation, journalist Fernando Paulsen said Piñera acted correctly by letting the imitiation pass, while claiming anything else would have been seen as an abuse of authority.[189] Afterwards, organizers were concerned that they put the president in an really uncomfortable position, and Kramer chose to not personify Piñera for the 2012 Teletón.[188] However, earlier in 2012, Piñera had been ridiculed again by Kramer in the blockbuster film Stefan versus Kramer.[186] In the movie, Piñera was portrayed as a Machiavellian politician, and was mocked among other things for his real-life impasse with the highly popular football coach Marcelo Bielsa.[186] Some pundits argued, however, that the portrayal may not be merely negative but could have the effect of humanizing him before the public.[190]

José Mujica, president of Uruguay, stated Piñera's low approval ratings might have being caused by a lack of "glamour".[191]

Use of bellicose rhetoric edit

 
President Piñera with Minister Alberto Espina and the head of National Defense for the Metropolitan Region Javier Iturriaga del Campo.

During the 2019–20 Chilean protests Piñera made himself known for the use of a bellicose language.[192] When Piñera addressed the nation on the evening of 20 October during the height of the unrest he remarked that the country was "at war with a powerful and relentless enemy" and announced that the state of emergency would be extended across much of the country.[193] Some opposition politicians described his rhetoric as "irresponsible", while a Latin America editor for BBC News Online expressed concern about the impact his words would have on the protesters and on the chances for meaningful dialogue.[194] Hours shortly after the President's speech, chief of national defense Javier Iturriaga del Campo appeared to contradict this declaration, asserting that he was "content" and "not at war with anyone".[195]

However, the use of bellicose rhetoric can be traced back to at least 2018 when Piñera began his second government.[192] He referred to a variety of subjects like drug trafficking, terrorism, and organized crime as "powerful and relentless enemies".[192] Besides this Piñera made frequent use of words like "battle", "conquest", "defeat" and "combat" in his verbal communication.[192] The use of such language is not unique to Piñera but has also been heard from European right-wing populists and George W. Bush.[192] According to economist Carlos Tromben who studied Piñera's political discourse, the aim of this rhetoric was to rally the nation behind what was perceived as a common interest, but the success of this was variable.[192] Tromben also views the bellicose rhetoric as a defensive communicational strategy aimed to gain time for a "counterattack".[192]

Personal life edit

 
Piñera and Morel in February 2012

Piñera married Cecilia Morel in 1973. They were neighbors on Avenida Américo Vespucio in Santiago.[196] They had four children, born in 1975, 1978, 1982, and 1984.[197]

Piñera was also a member of the Inter-American Dialogue, a Washington, D.C.-based think tank.[198]

Death and funeral edit

Main article: Death and state funeral of Sebastián Piñera
 
Map of the Lake Ranco helicopter crash in which Sebastián Piñera died

At 2:47 p.m. Chile Summer Time (UTC−3) on 6 February 2024,[199] a few minutes after take-off, the Robinson R44 helicopter (Registration CC-PHP) that Piñera was piloting crashed nose-first into Lake Ranco in the province of El Ranco in Los Rios Region.[200] The helicopter crashed about 40 m from the southern shore of the lake at Ilihue, east of the town of Lago Ranco.[201] Piñera had a summer house near Coique, 42 km (26 mi) from the crash site on the opposite side of the lake.[201] At the time of the crash there had been a strong storm in the area.[202] According to La Nación, he survived the crash itself but the impact left him unconscious and unable to remove his safety belt, resulting in his drowning.[203][204] The other three people on board were his sister Magdalena and businessman Miguel Ignacio Guerrero with his son Bautista Guerrero, all of whom survived.[205] His body was subsequently retrieved by the Chilean Navy from a depth of 28 m (92 ft).[206][201]

 
Funeral mass of Sebastián Piñera at Santiago Metropolitan Cathedral

In an address from La Moneda Palace later that evening, President Gabriel Boric declared three days of national mourning and announced that Piñera would be given a state funeral to be organized by foreign minister Alberto van Klaveren.[207][205] Tatiana Rivera, the regional attorney for Los Rios, said that Piñera's body would be transported to Valdivia for an autopsy. Following its completion, his body was transferred to a base of the Chilean Air Force in Santiago Air Base, then transported to the Former National Congress of Chile building in Santiago, where it lied in state. A private ceremony for the family was held on the morning of 7 February, after which the public was allowed to enter the building. On 9 February, Piñera's body was transported to Santiago Metropolitan Cathedral for a requiem mass officiated by Archbishop Fernando Chomalí Garib. President Boric, along with former presidents Michelle Bachelet, Eduardo Frei Ruiz-Tagle, and President of Senate Juan Antonio Coloma gave speeches. Piñera's body was then transported to La Moneda for a eulogy by President Boric, to be later taken to the Parque del Recuerdo for burial.[208]

Styles, honours and arms edit

Presidential styles of
Sebastián Piñera Echenique
   
Reference styleHis Excellency
Spoken styleYour Excellency
Alternative styleMr. President

National honours edit

Foreign honours edit

Arms edit

Notes edit

  1. ^ Membership suspended while President.
  2. ^ In this Spanish name, the first or paternal surname is Piñera and the second or maternal family name is Echenique.
  3. ^ Other observers claim instead the Piñera administration had become increasingly presidential as result of the COVID-19 pandemic in Chile.[141]
  4. ^ The Chilean government responded by stating that The Economist's comment was disrespectful.[174]

References edit

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External links edit

 
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Sebastián Piñera.
 
Wikiquote has quotations related to Sebastián Piñera.
  • Official website
  • (in Spanish) Extended biography by CIDOB Foundation
  • (in Spanish) Biographical notes, in Spanish 11 September 2013 at the Wayback Machine
  • (in Spanish) Genealogy of the Piñera family in Chile
  • Appearances on C-SPAN

April 10, 2024
sebastián, piñera, miguel, juan, echenique, spanish, miˈɣel, ˈxwan, seβasˈtjam, piˈɲeɾa, etʃeˈnike, december, 1949, february, 2024, chilean, businessman, politician, served, president, chile, from, 2010, 2014, again, from, 2018, 2022, christian, democratic, po. Miguel Juan Sebastian Pinera Echenique b Spanish miˈɣel ˈxwan sebasˈtjam piˈɲeɾa etʃeˈnike 1 December 1949 6 February 2024 was a Chilean businessman and politician who served as president of Chile from 2010 to 2014 and again from 2018 to 2022 The son of a Christian Democratic politician and diplomat he studied business administration at the Pontifical Catholic University of Chile and economics at Harvard University At the time of his death he had an estimated net worth of US 2 7 billion according to Forbes making him the third richest person in Chile and the 1177th richest person in the world 1 2 Sebastian PineraOfficial portrait 201834th and 36th President of ChileIn office 11 March 2018 11 March 2022Preceded byMichelle BacheletSucceeded byGabriel BoricIn office 11 March 2010 11 March 2014Preceded byMichelle BacheletSucceeded byMichelle BacheletPresident pro tempore of PROSURIn office 22 March 2019 12 December 2020Preceded byPosition establishedSucceeded byIvan DuqueLeader of National RenewalIn office 26 May 2001 10 March 2004Preceded byAlberto CardemilSucceeded bySergio DiezSenator for Eastern SantiagoIn office 11 March 1990 11 March 1998Preceded byPosition establishedSucceeded byCarlos BombalPersonal detailsBornMiguel Juan Sebastian Pinera Echenique 1949 12 01 1 December 1949Santiago ChileDied6 February 2024 2024 02 06 aged 74 Lake Ranco Los Rios Region ChileCause of deathHelicopter crashPolitical partyNational Renewal 1989 2010 a Independent 2010 2024 Other politicalaffiliationsCoalition for Change 2009 2013 Chile Vamos 2015 2024 SpouseCecilia Morel m 1973 wbr Children4EducationPontifical Catholic University of Chile BS Harvard University MA PhD SignatureWebsiteOfficial websiteA member of the liberal conservative National Renewal party he served as a senator for the East Santiago district from 1990 to 1998 running for the presidency in the 2005 election which he lost to Michelle Bachelet and again successfully in 2010 As a result he became Chile s first conservative president to be democratically elected since 1958 3 and the first to hold the office since the departure of Augusto Pinochet in 1990 4 The legacy of Pinera s two administrations include the reconstruction following the 2010 Chile earthquake the rescue of 33 trapped miners in 2010 a rapid response to the COVID 19 pandemic and the legalization of same sex marriage in Chile in 2021 2022 5 6 After leaving office in 2022 Pinera developed amicable relations with the new left wing president Gabriel Boric who had previously been a harsh critic of him 7 8 Pinera died in a helicopter crash on Lake Ranco on 6 February 2024 at age 74 Pinera s supporters form a cross party centre right and right wing faction called Pinerism 9 Contents 1 Early life and education 2 Career 2 1 Teaching 2 2 Foundations 2 3 Businesses 3 Political career 3 1 2009 10 presidential elections 3 2 Private to public transition 3 3 Council of Ministers 4 First presidency 2010 2014 4 1 Cabinet 4 2 Foreign affairs 4 3 Criticism 5 First post presidency 2014 2018 6 2017 presidential elections 7 Second presidency 2018 2022 7 1 Cabinet 7 2 Immigration 7 3 Response to 2019 2020 Chilean protests 7 4 Response to COVID 19 Pandemic 7 5 Conflict in Araucania 7 6 Foreign affairs 7 7 Pandora Papers 7 8 Impeachment 8 Second post presidency 2022 2024 9 Public image 9 1 Jokes and informal style 9 2 Bad luck and ridicule 9 3 Use of bellicose rhetoric 10 Personal life 11 Death and funeral 12 Styles honours and arms 12 1 National honours 12 2 Foreign honours 12 3 Arms 13 Notes 14 References 15 External linksEarly life and education editPinera was born in Santiago de Chile on 1 December 1949 10 11 as the third child of Jose Pinera Carvallo 1917 1991 and Magdalena Echenique Rozas 1919 2000 12 Among his ancestors on his maternal side is his mother s great great grandmother Luisa Pinto Garmendia the sister of President Anibal Pinto Garmendia and daughter of President Francisco Antonio Pinto and Luisa Garmendia Alurralde who was a descendant of the penultimate Inca emperor Huayna Capac 13 He was a nephew of the former oldest living Roman Catholic bishop in the world Bernardino Pinera who died in 2020 due to complications from COVID 19 14 15 nbsp Pinera in 1965 Pinera s family moved to Belgium one year after his birth and later to New York City where his father was the Chilean ambassador to the United Nations Pinera returned to Chile in 1955 and enrolled in the Colegio del Verbo Divino Divine Word School from which he graduated in 1967 16 Pinera then enrolled at the Pontifical Catholic University of Chile from which he graduated in 1971 with an undergraduate degree in commercial engineering Upon graduation he was awarded the Raul Iver Oxley Prize which is given to the best overall student in each class 17 Pinera continued on to Harvard University on a partial Fulbright Program for postgraduate studies in economics During his time at Harvard Pinera and a classmate coauthored an article The Old South s Stake in the Inter Regional Movement of Slaves for the Journal of Economic History 18 After three years at Harvard Pinera graduated with both a Master of Arts and PhD in economics 19 Career editTeaching edit Pinera was an economics lecturer from 1971 until 1988 at the University of Chile the Pontifical Catholic University of Chile and Adolfo Ibanez University In 1971 he was in charge of Economic Political Theory in the School of Economics at the University of Chile and in 1972 at the Valparaiso Business School 20 Foundations edit In 1989 with Cecilia Morel Danica Radic and Paula Delano Pinera created the Enterprising Women Foundation Fundacion Mujer Emprende originally called The House of Youth La Casa de la Juventud The foundation aims to assist in the development of young women of lower income 21 In 1973 Pinera created the foundation Fundacion Futuro of which he was president and whose directors are Cristian Boza D Maria Teresa Chadwick P Hugo Montes B Cecilia Morel M Renato Poblete S J and Fabio Valdes C The head director of the foundation is Magdalena Pinera 22 The foundation s mission is to help in Chile s development of justice freedom and democracy 23 The foundation was renamed Fundacion Cultura y Sociedad after Pinera was elected president 24 Under the Fundacion Cultura y Sociedad formerly Fundacion Futuro the Grupo Tantauco has the mission of environmentalism and is administered by Juan Carlos Urquidi It was created to support the proposals Pinera instituted or planned to institute during his presidency 25 In 2005 Pinera created Tantauco Park Spanish Parque Tantauco a 1 180 km2 456 sq mi a private natural reserve he bought and owned on the south end of Chiloe Island in order to protect 118 000 hectares of the region s unique ecosystem His foundation runs the park which is open to the public and is an ecotourist location 26 Pinera bought the 118 000 hectares in Chiloe through an offshore company in Panama He faced pressure to cede eight hectares to sixteen indigenous families whose presence pre dates Pinera s purchase and who have spent years negotiating to obtain title to their familial lands 27 28 An additional project Grupo Tantauco Derechos Humanos was proposed in hopes of beginning a reconciliation between the Chilean people who suffered human rights violations during Augusto Pinochet s dictatorship 29 Businesses edit nbsp Before entering politics Pinera was a businessman with several corruption chargesPinera was general manager of the Banco de Talca In 1982 a warrant was issued for his arrest on charges of violating banking law and fraudulent loans 30 in an event where over US 38 million were not paid to the Central Bank of Chile Pinera being the Banco de Talca s CEO The money disappeared and was never paid 31 Pinera spent 24 days in hiding while his brother Jose Pinera appealed the order making some calls to underestimate the crime A writ of habeas corpus first rejected by the Appeals Court but then approved by the Supreme Court acquitted Pinera 32 According to the Pandora Papers Sebastian Pinera s case was throw out due to political intervention 30 Sebastian Pinera was also involved in the Chispas Case on which a fraudulent buyout of the chilean electrical company Enersis netted its participants over 400 million All involved were convicted resulting in a 75 million fine 33 Between 1992 and 2004 Sebastian Pinera engaged in tax evasion through the use of shell companies for which he was never formally charged 34 Due to Pandora Papers leaks he was formally charged for tax evasion and bribery due to selling a family owned copper mine Dominga to his best friend through shell companies registered in British Virgin Islands 35 Pinera once owned 90 of Chilevision a terrestrial television channel broadcasting nationwide He also owned 27 of LAN Airlines LAN 36 13 of Colo Colo 37 a football soccer club and other minor stock positions in companies such as Quinenco Enersis and Soquimich 38 39 40 In July 2007 Pinera was fined approximately US 680 000 by Chile s securities regulator SVS for not withdrawing a purchase order after receiving privileged information an infraction similar to insider trading of LAN Airlines stock in mid 2006 41 Later that month he resigned from the boards of LAN and Quintec 42 To avoid a conflict of interest he sold Chilevision for 160 million in 2010 to Time Warner 36 43 He also sold his shares of LAN in several rounds between February and March 2010 44 Pinera built an estimated fortune of US 2 8 billion as of February 2018 update according to Forbes magazine 45 His wealth was greatly due to his involvement in introducing credit cards to Chile in the late 1970s and his subsequent investments mainly in LAN Airlines stock Pinera acquired shares of the formerly state owned company from Scandinavian Airlines in 1994 as part of a joint venture with the Cueto family 45 46 Political career editSee also Political positions of Sebastian Pinera In 1988 after Pinochet had lost the referendum on his continued rule and Chile was returning to democracy Pinera offered his support for the Christian Democrat Eduardo Frei Ruiz Tagle in his pre candidacy for president 47 Between 11 March 1990 and 11 March 1998 Pinera was senator for Eastern Santiago 48 In 1998 Pinera opposed the arrest and detention of Augusto Pinochet in London initiated by Baltasar Garzon arguing that it was an attack on Chile s sovereignty and dignity 49 On 14 May 2005 in a surprise move Pinera announced his candidacy for the 2005 presidential election RN was supposed to support UDI s Lavin He described his political philosophy as Christian humanism 50 2009 10 presidential elections edit nbsp Pinera celebrates alongside his wife and family after winning the 2009 10 presidential electionMain article 2009 10 Chilean general election Pinera ran for President of Chile in the 2009 2010 election 51 From August 2009 he led in opinion polls competing with left of center candidates Eduardo Frei Ruiz Tagle Marco Enriquez Ominami and Jorge Arrate In the 13 December 2009 election Pinera placed first in the results with 44 05 of the votes while Frei placed second with 29 6 52 Neither candidate received more than half of the total votes therefore as per the Constitution Chileans returned to the polls for a final run off election on Sunday 17 January 2010 53 That evening the third and final preliminary results were announced by the Undersecretary of the Interior 54 accounting for 99 77 of the total ballot boxes Pinera received 51 61 of the votes and Frei received 48 39 55 nbsp Pinera meeting with Michelle Bachelet during the presidential transitionPinera invested an estimated US 13 6 million in his presidential campaign which included items such as a campaign anthem 56 and Thank You banners 57 Pinera s banners and billboards carried statements throughout the country such as Delinquents your party is over and Small businesses Big opportunities 58 Pinera s campaign released a national TV spot on YouTube featuring a male gay couple something never seen before in a presidential campaign run in Chile Amongst his promises were increasing education rates and improving international relations with the neighboring nation of Peru 59 Pinera s victory meant a shift towards the right 60 breaking two decades of center left political leadership in Chile and I the process becoming the first elected right wing leader in 52 years 61 On 28 January Pinera suspended his membership in National Renewal party and unofficially became an independent 62 RN s bylaws require successful presidential candidates from the party to renounce their association to govern the country fairly foremost with the interest of the people not with the interest of a political party or particular political philosophy 63 Private to public transition edit Pinera became the first billionaire to be sworn into the Chilean Presidency 64 He offered to sell his shares in major corporations before being sworn in on 11 March 2010 to avoid conflicts of interest Pinera placed US 400 million in blind trusts 65 The Monday following Pinera s election expectations of sale from his largest holdings created a surge in trade of Axxion and LAN shares causing three brief suspensions 19 20 22 January 2010 in the Santiago Stock Exchange to ease trade Axxion shares more than tripled before falling 39 on Friday 22 January 66 Bachelet s Finance Minister Andres Velasco urged Pinera to get the sale sorted out quickly 67 The value of Pinera s interest in Axxion was estimated at US 700 million of his US 1 2 billion fortune at the beginning of that week 68 On 5 February Pinera confirmed plans to sell his 26 3 stake in LAN airlines at an extraordinary shareholders meeting for his main holding company Axxion Under the pact Axxion shareholders have agreed to fix the price of the sale estimated at US 1 5 billion The Cueto family who at that point held 25 5 of LAN through their holding company Costa Verde Aeronautica had the first option to purchase the stake 69 On 18 February Axxion posted a statement on their website confirming the sale of a 21 18 stake in LAN Airlines to the Cueto family for US 1 23 billion Announcement regarding the sale of the remaining shares was pending until March 2010 when the whole package left Pinera s hands 70 Pinera sold his 9 7 stake in the upscale private hospital Clinica Las Condes at a price of 25 113 CLP per share US 48 00 through his holding company Bancard on Tuesday 16 February The total sale of the 792 000 shares grossed US 37 85 million and was purchased by the brokerage firm Celfin 71 The proceeds from the sale will go to paying off Bancard debt 72 Pinera announced in February he had the intention to transfer 100 of his stake in Chilevision to a not for profit organization called Fundacion Cultura y Sociedad formerly Fundacion Futuro of which he was owner 73 The foundation s board will include some of the station s current executives Under that proposal Pinera maintains the right to remove and replace the foundation s president at any given time 74 Cristian Patricio Larroulet Vignau current Minister of the Secretariat of the Presidency of Chile stated that Pinera was honoring his promise of removing himself from private corporations as Chilevision will become the property of a non profit organization MP Cristian Monckeberg RN stated there was no law obligating Pinera to do otherwise and thus this decision was legally legitimate 73 The option above did not take place in the end Pinera decided to sell the TV station and after a failed attempt in May 2010 with the Linzor Capital investment fund the President announced it had sold Chilevision to Time Warner in late August 2010 75 Pinera said he would not sell his 12 5 stake in Blanco y Negro a company that owns the Colo Colo soccer team He stated We want big things and not only achieve local victories The idea is to return the Copa Libertadores to Chile That is our great goal 76 Although he will remain part owner he will take no administrative duties or role while President 77 Council of Ministers edit Main article Ministries of Chile Pinera announced his cabinet of unity on 9 February 2010 in Chile s National Historical Museum The cabinet was made up of 16 men and 6 women Among Pinera s nominees was Jaime Ravinet the previous president s defense minister until accepting Pinera s offer he had been a member of the Christian Democratic Party Another nominee was Cristian Larroulet who was an economic planning adviser under Pinochet 78 Pinera first met with his new ministers one day later and issued a formal memorandum calling upon all members to renounce their positions in all private companies by 28 February to avoid conflicts of interest The memorandum also said that in regards to national heritage secretaries of state whose affiliation with companies having direct receipt of fiscal monies must either remove themselves from those associations or honor the restrictions of their competitors 79 First presidency 2010 2014 editSee also 2010 Copiapo mining accident and Bicentennial of Chile Cabinet edit nbsp Pinera s official portrait for his first term as president nbsp Pinera receives the presidential sash from Senate President Jorge Pizarro at the National Congress of Chile on 11 March 2010Pinera was sworn in as the 34th President of the Republic of Chile on 11 March 2010 in a ceremony held in a plenary session of the National Congress in Valparaiso In the same ceremony Pinera s Cabinet ministers were sworn in The ceremony was also marked by a 6 9 Mw earthquake and subsequent aftershocks that upset the invitees 80 nbsp President Sebastian Pinera during the 2010 Copiapo mining accident rescue efforts with a paper confirming that the 33 miners were alive Among the milestones of his first government was the rescue of the San Jose mine in 2010 a year in which Chile lived the Bicentennial in addition to the earthquake of February 27 and the subsequent reconstruction of the country after it The national soccer team participated in the 2010 FIFA World Cup in South Africa the approval of a tax reform for education increasing taxes the Zamudio law a law against discrimination in favor of sexual minorities the closure of the Cordillera prison and the installation in the political discourse of the concept of passive accomplices from the Pinochet Government the reception of the decision of the International Court of Justice in The Hague on the maritime delimitation between Chile and Peru in 2014 the six month postnatal law the sending of the Civil Union Agreement law the creation of Chile Atiende the automatic registration voluntary voting and primary laws the law for the direct election of regional councilors the elimination of the 7 contribution charge for retirees the creation of the Ethical Family Income the Luchsinger Mackay case the student protests of 2011 in addition to protests in the Chilean Patagonia He helped to create the Pacific Alliance started recognizing the State of Palestine participated in the Colombian peace process and celebrated the Summit between the Community of Latin American and Caribbean States and the European Union in Santiago in 2013 81 nbsp President Pinera watching the Chile vs Suiza match in the 2010 FIFA World Cup In 2014 during the end of his term the President highlighted the creation of 990 thousand new jobs in addition to the fact that the country was in a position to grow economically between 6 or 7 in addition to the reduction of poverty rates in the country 82 nbsp Alexis Sanchez Football player promoting the Elige Vivir Sano program with First Lady Cecilia Morel The first lady Cecilia Morel was in charge of the Elige Vivir Sano program and the Ministry of Sports and the Ministry of Social Development were created during the administration The composition of his government was marked by the presence of former officials of the Pinochet dictatorship For example the head of the cabinet of the Undersecretary of Defence Major Mario Larenas Gutierrez was accused by the communist deputy Hugo Gutierrez of having participated in the Caravan of Death following the 1973 coup 83 The same deputy recalled the past of the general appointed by Pinera as director of the Gendarmerie Ivan Andrusco who had worked at DICOMCAR a repressive body dissolved following the Caso Degollados 1985 and who had been forced to resign 84 85 On 12 October 2010 Pinera rallied his countrymen in the rescue of 33 trapped miners all of whom were rescued after 70 days following a mining accident Chile will never be the same he said to the miners foreman Luis Urzua as he the last of the miners to emerge from the cavern greeted Pinera in a broadcast carried live across the globe Despite much goodwill in Chile following this incident he faced continuing opposition from Chileans calling for amendments to anti terrorism laws on the grounds that Mapuche Indigenists could be treated as terrorists This matter led to hunger strikes which started before the mining disaster and were set to continue afterward 86 The Araucania Region suffers from constant burnings of trucks and private infrastructure by some radical groups nbsp Sebastian Pinera and his Council of Ministers in Chile s Palacio de Cerro CastilloIn January 2011 he faced protests in Magallanes Region in response to a proposed increase in the price of natural gas there by 16 8 The protests left more than two thousand cars isolated while trying to cross from the Argentine province of Tierra del Fuego to the province of Santa Cruz through Chilean territory Another 1 500 tourists were left without movement in Torres del Paine National Park after routes to Puerto Natales and El Calafate were cut 87 In consequence on 14 January Minister Secretary General of Government Ena von Baer announced changes in Sebastian Pinera s government cabinet including the resignation of Ricardo Raineri as Energy Minister Laurence Golborne became Mining and Energy Minister on 16 January 88 nbsp Presidents Barack Obama and Sebastian Pinera at La Moneda Palace in 2011 Amidst the severe 2011 Chilean student protests Pinera shuffled his cabinet and removed Joaquin Lavin from the post of minister of education With respect to the protest Pinera defended for profit activity in education and proposed to legalize it rejecting the students demands for the public ownership of educational establishments 89 During August 2011 Pinera s public approval declined precipitously amidst continuous protests to the extent that some polls indicated that he was the least popular Chilean leader since Augusto Pinochet His approval ratings dropped to as low as 22 according to a CERC survey 90 As such Pinera s chances of passing sought reforms were seen as remote 91 Foreign affairs edit nbsp President Pinera speaking during the 2013 Celac European Union Summit organized in Santiago by his administration In March 2011 President Pinera led a state visit to Spain to boost relations between the two countries While in Spain President and Mrs Pinera with Prince Felipe and Princess Letizia opened the exhibition Don Qui El Quijote de Matta at the Cervantes Institute of Madrid 92 nbsp President Pinera amp First Lady Morel with Elizabeth II during their state visit to United Kingdom in October 2010As president Pinera expressed support for the Argentine claim on the Falkland Islands referring to the unrenounceable rights of Argentina on the islands 93 In March 2012 Pinera visited Vietnam with the intention of increasing cooperation between the two countries in general and with Ho Chi Minh City Vietnam s most populous and largest economic hub in particular HCM City also called for a Chilean sister city while receiving Pinera on 23 March The visit included the signing of a bilateral trade agreement and several cooperation pacts in education tourism culture and finance 94 President Pinera had a fundamental role in the creation of the Pacific Alliance and also involved Chile in the international arena by celebrating the CELAC EU Summit in Santiago in 2013 in which he had a discussion with Bolivia President Evo Morales on the topic of the Bolivian Government demanding Sea Access nbsp President Pinera with Bolivian President Evo Morales on the San Jose Mine in 2010 Criticism edit nbsp Levels of approval blue and disapproval red of Pinera s term from 2010 to 2014 according to the Adimark survey Pinera left office in March 2014 with an approval rating of 50 Early in 2012 physicist Frank Duarte sharply criticized Pinera s performance in the handling of the Chilean Peruvian maritime dispute at The Hague deemed as favoring commercial interests over the interest of the Chilean people and called for Chile s withdrawal from The Hague 95 Following the adverse ruling against Chile in 2014 several political figures in Chile from a variety of political parties also called for Chile s withdrawal from The Hague that would in addition imply a withdrawal from the Pact of Bogota 96 97 According to Hermogenes Perez de Arce Ibieta President Pinera had pushed for Harold Mayne Nicholls to be replaced as President of the Chilean Football Board in 2010 98 Perez de Arce hold Pinera owner of football club Colo Colo had a long term interest in removing Mayne Nicholls from the Presidency of the Chilean Football Board 98 Marcelo Bielsa the manager of the Chile national football team subsequently made headlines for his brief and cold greeting to Pinera in the farewell before the 2010 FIFA World Cup 99 100 Both Bielsa and Mayne Nicholls had good relations with former president Michelle Bachelet Pinera s political rival 101 First post presidency 2014 2018 edit nbsp Pinera together with President Bachelet and the other former presidents of Chile in 2014 Following his departure from power on March 11 2014 Pinera dedicated himself to the creation of Fundacion Avanza Chile 102 a center right think tank that sought to play an important role in the opposition to Michelle Bachelet s government In addition to Pinera several of his former ministers were members of the foundation s board At the same time the former president participated in conferences and seminars In May 2014 he was invited to join the Club of Madrid 2017 presidential elections edit nbsp Pinera s campaign logo in the first round of the election nbsp Pinera s campaign logo in the second round of the electionMain article 2017 Chilean general election On 17 December 2017 Sebastian Pinera was elected president of Chile for a second term 103 He received 36 of the votes the highest percentage among the eight candidates in the election In the second round Pinera faced Alejandro Guillier a television news anchor who represented Bachelet s New Majority Nueva Mayoria coalition Pinera won the elections with 54 of the votes 51 During the campaign much emphasis was placed on anti communism with the slogan Chilezuela in reference to the Chilean left on social media 104 Pinera received support from his right wing rival in the first round Jose Antonio Kast in the second round 105 Pinera promised to lower taxes from 27 to 24 criticizing Bachelet s tax reform 106 Pinera promised to lead a modern right 107 Second presidency 2018 2022 edit nbsp President Pinera receives presidential sash and the O Higgins Pioche for the second time 11 March 2018 nbsp President Pinera meets with U S President Donald TrumpPinera took office for a second time on 11 March 2018 succeeding the outgoing Michelle Bachelet Environmental NGOs accused the government of yielding to pressure from the mining lobby to thwart any draft legislation In 2018 Pinera buried an initiative to ban industrial activities near glaciers In 2019 a draft law from the ranks of the opposition caused tensions It is supposed to convert glaciers and their surrounding environment into protected areas prohibiting any intervention except scientific and that can benefit sustainable tourism At least 44 mining projects will likely be completed between 2019 and 2028 108 In May 2018 in response to massive feminist demonstrations his government adopted The Women s Agenda which combined a conservative social vision and economic liberalism 109 clarification needed In June 2021 Pinera said that he would push for the adoption of a same sex marriage bill drawing criticism from his conservative allies 110 In December 2021 he enacted the law before the second round of the presidential election Previously in 2019 he enacted the gender identity law During the end of the administration the Universal Guaranteed Pension was enacted benefiting 2 5 million Chileans In addition he started the organization of the 2023 Pan American Games Cabinet edit nbsp Pinera s Second Term original Cabinet In January 2018 Pinera unveiled his cabinet to harsh criticism his interior minister Andres Chadwick was a vocal supporter of Pinochet dictatorship which had previously appointed him president of the Catholic University Students Federation 111 In 2012 Chadwick expressed deep repentance for this support after discovering over the years serious human rights violations committed by the dictatorship while defending the regime on other grounds 112 Chadwick and justice minister Hernan Larrain were also supporters and defenders of the secretive German enclave Colonia Dignidad which was established by the fugitive Nazi officer and paedophile Paul Schafer in the early 60s 111 Colonia Dignidad was used by Pinochet security officials to torture and murder opponents of the regime 111 113 Immigration edit nbsp Sebastian Pinera in 2018 with immigrants after regularizing their migratory status In March 2018 just after taking office and during an interview with Deutsche Welle the president expressed we are going to continue receiving Venezuelans in Chile because we have a duty of solidarity and I never forget that when Chile lost its democracy Venezuela was very generous with Chileans who were looking for new opportunities 114 On April 9 2018 the President announced a new immigration law 115 approved in 2019 thanks to which 300 000 illegal immigrants were regularized 116 The Democratic Responsibility Visa was created for Venezuelan immigrants 117 in addition to the Simple Consular Visa for Tourism and the Visa for Humanitarian Purposes for Haitians in order to regulate the immigration situation that was brought in by the previous government but increasing it by legal means In December 2018 the government announced that Chile would not sign the Global Compact for Migration 118 however the government did sign the Global Compact on Refugees 119 On July 8 2019 the government s spokesperson Cecilia Perez expressed that Venezuelans would continue to be allowed in until the country resists it So that Chileans are well That means being able to have the relevant demands to be able to attend to health education housing and work 120 In mid 2019 as a result of the mass exodus of Venezuelans from their country an immigration crisis emerged in the Chacalluta border complex Senator Felipe Kast a member of the government coalition said that It is positive that the Government is implementing a policy orderly and humanitarian immigration closing the borders to people with criminal records and supporting children and women who seek to reunite with their relatives residing in Chile and requested to reach out to them by directly managing that Venezuelans could carry out immigration procedures with their expired passport 121 On July 31 2019 Foreign Minister Teodoro Ribera signed an agreement with the resident coordinator of the United Nations System in Chile Silvia Rucks on collaboration on immigration and refuge 122 Response to 2019 2020 Chilean protests edit Main article 2019 2020 Chilean protests nbsp Pinera decreeing a State of Emergency during the political crisis in October 2019 Following widespread protests that broke out across Chile in October 2019 and the burning of multiple subway stations in Santiago 123 as well as public and private infrastructure destroyed throughout the country 124 President Pinera declared on 18 October that Chile was at war with a powerful enemy 125 and declared a state of emergency authorizing the deployment of the Chilean Army across the main regions to enforce order and prevent the destruction of public property and invoked before the courts the Ley de Seguridad del Estado State Security Law against dozens of detainees 126 As a result Pinera was criticized for his actions resulting in an approval rate of 9 by 24 October according to a poll by Active Research 127 although it increased to 13 by 1 June 2020 128 against 73 disapproval This consistently low level of support was attributed to losing support from officials due to failure to restore order and enforce the rule of law 129 On 15 November te Agreement for Peace was reached between many political parties agreeing the realization of the 2020 Chilean constitutional referendum having the support of the President On 12 December 2019 the National Congress rejected an opposition led motion to impeach him The impeachment resolution accused him of failing to protect human rights in relation to the protests 130 In response to the unrest Pinera removed Chadwick as Interior and Public Security Minister on 28 October 2019 and replaced him with Gonzalo Blumel On 11 December Chadwick was impeached for his role in the protests including the many eye injuries attained by protesters 131 132 Chadwick was banned from holding public office for five years 132 Response to COVID 19 Pandemic edit Main article COVID 19 pandemic in Chile nbsp President Sebastian Pinera getting vaccinated As of 19 April 2021 update Chile had recorded 1 131 340 cases of COVID 19 and 25 277 deaths from COVID 19 placing the country in the 50th and 31st places by total cases per million and total deaths per million respectively 133 In response Pinera banned events with more than 500 people 134 and issued lock down orders in certain areas of the country most notably the Santiago Metropolitan Region 135 Despite heavy criticism amidst the still ongoing political crisis 136 Chile managed to achieve one of the fastest vaccination rates worldwide 137 Following the social unrest that erupted in late 2019 Pinera s diminished capacity to govern according to the principle of presidentialism led to claims that Chile was in a state of de facto parliamentarism or should become parliamentary 138 139 140 141 c Conflict in Araucania edit nbsp President Pinera presents the Carabineros Special Task Force Group against terrorism Pinera faced conflict in the Araucania region and nearby provinces where Mapuche Indigenist groups demanded the ownership of lands that they consider ancestral and also consider that were taken over by large companies Militants have carried out attacks and arson attacks on large logging operations leading the Chilean government to declare a state of emergency in October 2021 and to militarise the region Several civilians were killed as a result of law enforcement actions 142 On November 14 2018 the Shooting of Camilo Catrillanca happened 143 144 Additionally and within the context of the trial for the Luchsinger Mackay case a series of incidents developed in Araucania with riots arson attacks road blockades and other demonstrations in 2020 On February 9 2020 the trucker Juan Barrios was resting on the side of the road inside his vehicle when it was set in fire He ended up with burns on 30 of his body and with his respiratory tract compromised He died on March 4 2020 and inspired the creation of a law that had his name The main objective of this bill is to increase criminal penalties for arson attacks on motor vehicles by modifying the Penal Code In August and September 2020 several truck drivers unions carried out a national strike alleging insecurity in the south of the country 145 On October 30 2020 the shooting of the Carabinero Eugenio Nain occurred He was shot to death by an unidentified armed group in the Padre Las Casas commune 146 Foreign affairs edit Further information List of presidential trips made by Sebastian Pinera nbsp President Pinera with the Venezuelan opposition leader Juan Guaido On February 22 2019 Pinera met with Venezuelan opposition leader Juan Guaido in Cucuta Colombia President Pinera also attended the Venezuela Aid Live concert Sebastian Pinera showed closeness with Latin American leaders related to his political sector such as Mauricio Macri and has been critical of those who are not especially with the Venezuelan government On April 13 the executive attended the VIII Summit of the Americas where he met with other leaders of the region On May 11 2018 Argentina and Chile announced that they were working on the final stage of eliminating roaming between both countries On October 1 2018 the ruling of the International Court of The Hague on the maritime case between Bolivia and Chile was read which was favorable to Chile The government celebrated the result along with the opposition and citizens nbsp Signing of the Presidential Declaration on the Renewal and Strengthening of the Integration of South America at the Palacio de La Moneda March 2019 In March 2019 Chile hosted the first Meeting of Presidents of South America which was part of the first Summit of the Forum for the Progress of South America Prosur a regional organization that was founded in said year as a proposal from the Chilean and Colombian presidents Sebastian Pinera and Ivan Duque nbsp President Pinera leads the launch of COP 25 in April 2019 During the government the Escazu Agreement was not signed despite having led its negotiations during the previous administration of Michelle Bachelet alleging reasons of national sovereignty in abandoning the agreement For the 2019 United Nations Climate Change Conference COP25 was planned to be held in Chile along with the APEC summit however both events had to be canceled due to the political crisis at the end of the years being the first reorganized in Madrid at the offer of the Pedro Sanchez government US President Donald Trump planned to sign an agreement with the People s Republic of China to end the trade war between China and the United States at the APEC event in Chile President signed the Environmental Crimes Law in January 2019 Pinera also participated in the 2018 G20 Buenos Aires summit as a guest of Argentine President Mauricio Macri and in the 2019 G20 Osaka summit as President of APEC 2019 nbsp President Pinera at the 2019 G20 Osaka summit On August 1 the government signed with the United Nations System the United Nations Cooperation Framework for Sustainable Development 2019 2022 being the fourth document of this type to be prepared for Chile and the first to be adopted under the challenges of the 2030 Agenda and the 17 Sustainable Development Goals Future government chancellors ratified the government s commitment to the implementation of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development in Chile In 2021 President Sebastian Pinera authorized the chart SHOA N 8 not to showing the rectangle in the non demarcated zone of the Southern Patagonian Ice Field and expresses the continental shelf claimed by Chile in the Sea of the Southern Zone Until before the enacted decree and also after it on official Chilean maps and also on tourist maps Chilean maps show a rectangle clarifying that the boundary was not demarcated according to the 1998 agreement In the map of Pinera s decree of August 23 of that year it was not shown as such and the cartography prior to 1998 was used Both countries consider that they have about a thousand kilometers more ice than the other which is reflected in the cartographic difference in the Southern Patagonian Ice Field dispute 147 148 Pandora Papers edit Further information Pandora PapersIn the Pandora Papers leak of 3 October 2021 Pinera was named in the revealed documents 149 According to the Spanish newspaper El Pais Chilean media organizations CIPER and LaBot allegedly documented that Pinera was involved in particularly controversial activity 149 According to reports Pinera took money from a prominent mining executive in exchange for government support for Minera Dominga a controversial mining investment project located in an environmentally sensitive area The mining executive in question is Pinera s childhood friend Carlos Alberto Delano of Andes Iron 149 150 El Pais wrote 149 In December 2010 when Pinera had been in the presidential residence La Moneda Palace for just nine months the presidential family sold the business to Delano with a deed signed in Chile for 14 million and another in the Virgin Islands for 138 million The amount was to be paid in three installments with a caveat the last payment was conditional on there not being environmental protection imposed on the mining operations area as environmental groups were demanding The decision on the viability of Minera Dominga was left in the hands of the Pinera government which failed to promote environmental protection so the third installment was finally paid According to Infobae Pinera s family and other investors allegedly made a 1 000 profit over an eighteen month period on the project that required approval from Pinera s government 151 In response Pinera s business manager said that Pinera had not been in control of his own companies for about twelve years and that he was not aware of the sale of Minera Dominga to Delano 149 Impeachment edit As a consequence of the leaked information by the Pandora Papers a formal impeachment was launched against him On 9 November 2021 the Chamber of Deputies passed the impeachment and it then moved to the Senate where a two thirds vote is needed to remove a sitting president 152 153 On 16 November 2021 the Senate voted against removing Pinera from office ending the impeachment process 154 Second post presidency 2022 2024 edit nbsp Former President Sebastian Pinera in 2023 in the University for Development During 2022 Sebastian Pinera had a low public profile keeping silent during the first months of Boric s government and during the campaign for the constitutional plebiscite of 2022 155 something that would gradually change and in mid 2023 he began to participate publicly in politics again 156 During an interview in 2023 he ruled out a third term candidacy saying that I want to be a good former president And what a good former president does is contribute to unity to improve the level of debate to favor dialogue and agreements to denounce bad ideas those that harm the country to promote good ideas and Now I want to become a person who puts his weight behind great causes 157 He also had a surge in popularity in the polls 158 and President Boric himself began to call him a democrat 159 At the same time he continued to actively participate in politics proposing a simile of the Concertacion but ranging from the centrist Amarillos to the hard right Republican Party 160 He also criticized Boric saying that He is not leading the country on the right path 161 That same year he spoke about the political crisis of 2019 saying the left did not condemn the violence and sought to overthrow the president and that it was a non traditional coup d etat 162 Furthermore in the context of the 50th anniversary of the 1973 coup he stated that Allende s government did not respect the principles of democracy 163 He also signed the letter made by President Boric together with the other Former Presidents entitled For democracy always challenging his Chile Vamos coalition 164 He also met with Boric in La Moneda on the first day of the month 165 He supported Javier Milei s successful presidential campaign in the 2023 Argentine general election 166 In the 2023 Chilean constitutional referendum he voted In Favor and also expressed at the end of 2023 that Evelyn Matthei would be the best presidential figure in his political sector 167 In both 2023 and 2024 Former President Pinera made his administration s work team available to coordinate aid to the victims of the 2024 wildfires with the government of Gabriel Boric with whom he had phone calls days before his death 168 169 Public image editSince the return to democracy in 1990 Pinera has been the president with the lowest approval rating in polls 170 According to diplomat and political scientist Carlos Huneeus Pinera showed himself well prepared in his public appearances with a good command of relevant facts yet he failed to show empathy 171 In an interview with Cristian Warnken Pinera acknowledged he had difficulties in expressing his feelings 172 In April 2012 The Economist described Pinera as being considered an inept politician by both the opposition and supporters 173 d Pinera s supporters form a cross party centre right and right wing faction called Pinerism 9 In his second post presidency he had a surge in popularity in the polls 158 also his successor President Boric calls Pinera a democrat 175 as well as other former Presidents 176 Jokes and informal style edit nbsp Pinera showing Trump a sign with the Chilean flag inside the American one nbsp President Pinera sitting on the Oval Office Resolute Desk while Obama watches him Many of Pinera s jokes were according to diplomat and political scientist Oscar Godoy attempts to gain sympathy 177 In December 2011 during a state visit to Mexico a joke made by Pinera where he compared women with politicians caused uproar in Chile sparking criticism from his own minister Carolina Schmidt who said of the joke that it was hurtful to many women 178 In the joke Pinera said that when a lady says no it means maybe when she says maybe it means yes and when she says yes she is not a lady 179 The Chilean Network Against Domestic and Sexual Violence called the joke misogynistic and a shame for the whole country 179 Previously on a state visit to Peru in 2011 Pinera received criticism for his informal style after he revealed to Peruvian president elect Ollanta Humala that he was a descendant of the Inca Huayna Capac 180 Senator Jorge Pizarro criticized Pinera s comment to Ollanta Humala calling for more careful and respectful attitudes 181 In June 2013 after visiting U S President Obama in the White House 182 he said I m going to sit at the President of the United States desk breaking the White House s political protocols Alfredo Moreno Charme Minister of Foreign Affairs said How many other presidents have done the same and Obama responded This is the only one causing laughter between those there Pinera then justified his abrupt actions by stating his daughter was born in the United States 183 Bad luck and ridicule edit Pinera was often publicly associated with bad luck 184 The BBC listed a series of situations of bad luck concerning Pinera s presidency the 2010 Maule earthquake followed by another quake during Pinera s inauguration ceremony the Copiapo mining accident of 2010 the 2010 Santiago prison fire the 2011 Puyehue Cordon Caulle eruption and the 2012 Araucania wildfires 184 His lapses errors and inconveniences were labelled pinericosas in Chile 185 Carlos Pena was deeply critical of Pinera s failed public appearances calling his improvised visit to Plaza Baquedano the epicenter of the 2019 2020 protests in April 2020 an act of provocation and contempt and narcissism bordering on evil Spanish narcicismo cercano a lo maligno 171 Chilean impressionist Stefan Kramer recurrently personified Pinera since at least 2010 This initially caused some displeasure in the Government which filed a complaint in 2010 to the National Television Council regarding what they saw as a disrespectful portrayal 186 187 In 2011 Kramer again personified Pinera alongside his brother Miguel in the Teleton charity event while Pinera was present in the audience 186 188 189 Judging the situation journalist Fernando Paulsen said Pinera acted correctly by letting the imitiation pass while claiming anything else would have been seen as an abuse of authority 189 Afterwards organizers were concerned that they put the president in an really uncomfortable position and Kramer chose to not personify Pinera for the 2012 Teleton 188 However earlier in 2012 Pinera had been ridiculed again by Kramer in the blockbuster film Stefan versus Kramer 186 In the movie Pinera was portrayed as a Machiavellian politician and was mocked among other things for his real life impasse with the highly popular football coach Marcelo Bielsa 186 Some pundits argued however that the portrayal may not be merely negative but could have the effect of humanizing him before the public 190 Jose Mujica president of Uruguay stated Pinera s low approval ratings might have being caused by a lack of glamour 191 Use of bellicose rhetoric edit nbsp President Pinera with Minister Alberto Espina and the head of National Defense for the Metropolitan Region Javier Iturriaga del Campo During the 2019 20 Chilean protests Pinera made himself known for the use of a bellicose language 192 When Pinera addressed the nation on the evening of 20 October during the height of the unrest he remarked that the country was at war with a powerful and relentless enemy and announced that the state of emergency would be extended across much of the country 193 Some opposition politicians described his rhetoric as irresponsible while a Latin America editor for BBC News Online expressed concern about the impact his words would have on the protesters and on the chances for meaningful dialogue 194 Hours shortly after the President s speech chief of national defense Javier Iturriaga del Campo appeared to contradict this declaration asserting that he was content and not at war with anyone 195 However the use of bellicose rhetoric can be traced back to at least 2018 when Pinera began his second government 192 He referred to a variety of subjects like drug trafficking terrorism and organized crime as powerful and relentless enemies 192 Besides this Pinera made frequent use of words like battle conquest defeat and combat in his verbal communication 192 The use of such language is not unique to Pinera but has also been heard from European right wing populists and George W Bush 192 According to economist Carlos Tromben who studied Pinera s political discourse the aim of this rhetoric was to rally the nation behind what was perceived as a common interest but the success of this was variable 192 Tromben also views the bellicose rhetoric as a defensive communicational strategy aimed to gain time for a counterattack 192 Personal life edit nbsp Pinera and Morel in February 2012Pinera married Cecilia Morel in 1973 They were neighbors on Avenida Americo Vespucio in Santiago 196 They had four children born in 1975 1978 1982 and 1984 197 Pinera was also a member of the Inter American Dialogue a Washington D C based think tank 198 Death and funeral editMain article Death and state funeral of Sebastian Pinera nbsp Map of the Lake Ranco helicopter crash in which Sebastian Pinera diedAt 2 47 p m Chile Summer Time UTC 3 on 6 February 2024 199 a few minutes after take off the Robinson R44 helicopter Registration CC PHP that Pinera was piloting crashed nose first into Lake Ranco in the province of El Ranco in Los Rios Region 200 The helicopter crashed about 40 m from the southern shore of the lake at Ilihue east of the town of Lago Ranco 201 Pinera had a summer house near Coique 42 km 26 mi from the crash site on the opposite side of the lake 201 At the time of the crash there had been a strong storm in the area 202 According to La Nacion he survived the crash itself but the impact left him unconscious and unable to remove his safety belt resulting in his drowning 203 204 The other three people on board were his sister Magdalena and businessman Miguel Ignacio Guerrero with his son Bautista Guerrero all of whom survived 205 His body was subsequently retrieved by the Chilean Navy from a depth of 28 m 92 ft 206 201 nbsp Funeral mass of Sebastian Pinera at Santiago Metropolitan CathedralIn an address from La Moneda Palace later that evening President Gabriel Boric declared three days of national mourning and announced that Pinera would be given a state funeral to be organized by foreign minister Alberto van Klaveren 207 205 Tatiana Rivera the regional attorney for Los Rios said that Pinera s body would be transported to Valdivia for an autopsy Following its completion his body was transferred to a base of the Chilean Air Force in Santiago Air Base then transported to the Former National Congress of Chile building in Santiago where it lied in state A private ceremony for the family was held on the morning of 7 February after which the public was allowed to enter the building On 9 February Pinera s body was transported to Santiago Metropolitan Cathedral for a requiem mass officiated by Archbishop Fernando Chomali Garib President Boric along with former presidents Michelle Bachelet Eduardo Frei Ruiz Tagle and President of Senate Juan Antonio Coloma gave speeches Pinera s body was then transported to La Moneda for a eulogy by President Boric to be later taken to the Parque del Recuerdo for burial 208 Styles honours and arms editPresidential styles of Sebastian Pinera Echenique nbsp nbsp Reference styleHis ExcellencySpoken styleYour ExcellencyAlternative styleMr PresidentNational honours edit nbsp Grand Master 2010 2014 and 2018 2022 and Collar of the Order of Merit nbsp Grand Master 2010 2014 and 2018 2022 and Collar of the Order of Bernardo O HigginsForeign honours edit Brazil Grand Collar of the Order of the Southern Cross 9 April 2010 209 Colombia Grand Collar of the Order of Boyaca 24 November 2010 210 Peru Grand Cross with Diamonds of the Order of the Sun 25 November 2010 211 Spain Collar of the Order of Isabella the Catholic 4 March 2011 212 Palestine Order of the Star of Palestine 5 March 2011 213 Mexico Collar of the Order of the Aztec Eagle 7 July 2011 214 Panama Collar of the Order of Manuel Amador Guerrero 5 June 2013 215 Norway Grand Cross of the Order of Saint Olav 27 March 2019 216 Paraguay Collar of the National Order of Merit 28 September 2021 217 Arms edit nbsp As Grand Master of the Chilean Order of Merit Attributed 218 Notes edit Membership suspended while President In this Spanish name the first or paternal surname is Pinera and the second or maternal family name is Echenique Other observers claim instead the Pinera administration had become increasingly presidential as result of the COVID 19 pandemic in Chile 141 The Chilean government responded by stating that The Economist s comment was disrespectful 174 References edit Sebastian Pinera Forbes Archived from the original on 6 February 2024 Retrieved 6 February 2024 Araneda Juan Carlos 6 March 2018 Ranking de multimillonarios Forbes Quienes son los 11 chilenos que figuran en la lista 2018 in Spanish El Mercurio Archived from the original on 23 October 2019 Retrieved 23 October 2019 Covarrubias Barbara 1 January 2010 Pinera firma acta que lo proclama como Presidente de la Republica El Mercurio in Spanish Archived from the original on 23 October 2019 Retrieved 23 October 2019 Araneda Juan Carlos 4 July 2002 Hitos de la vida publica de Pinochet El Mercurio in Spanish Archived from the original on 23 October 2019 Retrieved 23 October 2019 El legado de Pinera Ha llegado el tiempo del matrimonio igualitario Archived from the original on 7 February 2024 Retrieved 7 February 2024 Archived copy Archived from the original on 6 February 2024 Retrieved 7 February 2024 a href Template Cite web html title Template Cite web cite web a CS1 maint archived copy as title link 1 Archived 10 February 2024 at the Wayback Machine BBC 2 Archived 8 February 2024 at the Wayback Machine La Tercera a b Un estilo generacional y operativo Que es el Pinerismo y el destino que corre tras la muerte del ex Presidente in Spanish Emol 11 February 2024 Retrieved 27 February 2024 Pinera Echenique Miguel Juan 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protestas in Spanish Biobio 19 October 2019 Archived from the original on 6 February 2024 Retrieved 9 February 2024 Comerciantes afectados por el estallido social anunciaron acciones legales contra el Estado acusan nulas respuestas por parte del gobierno in Spanish La Tercera 11 October 2021 Archived from the original on 6 February 2024 Retrieved 9 February 2024 Pinera Estamos en guerra contra un enemigo poderoso in Spanish DW 21 October 2019 Archived from the original on 7 February 2024 Retrieved 8 February 2024 Chile vivio segundo dia en toque de queda tras nueva jornada de protestas France 24 20 October 2019 Archived from the original on 1 December 2020 Retrieved 1 December 2019 Por los suelos Encuesta Activa Research revela demoledora evaluacion del gabinete de Pinera en el manejo de la crisis El Mostrador in Spanish 24 October 2019 Archived from the original on 8 December 2019 Retrieved 1 December 2019 Investigacion de mercado y Opinion Publica CNN in Spanish Archived from the original on 10 June 2020 Retrieved 12 June 2020 Jose Antonio Kast No hay no existe una relacion con el Presidente Pinera pauta in Spanish 4 March 2020 Archived from the original on 12 June 2020 Retrieved 12 June 2020 Chile s Congress rejects move to impeach President Pinera over rights abuses reuters com 12 December 2019 Archived from the original on 12 December 2019 Retrieved 13 December 2019 Ministros de Salud y Defensa exponen en comision sobre acusacion constitucional contra Chadwick Camara de Diputadas y Diputados 20 November 2019 Archived from the original on 1 July 2020 Retrieved 29 June 2020 a b Senado aprueba acusacion constitucional en contra de Andres Chadwick exministro no podra ejercer cargos publicos por cinco anos La Tercera in Spanish 11 December 2019 Archived from the original on 30 June 2020 Retrieved 28 June 2020 Chile Coronavirus 532 604 Cases and 14 863 Deaths Worldometer www worldometers info Archived from the original on 9 August 2020 Retrieved 19 June 2020 Chile bans large public events over coronavirus fears ahead of planned protests Reuters 14 March 2020 Archived from the original on 15 January 2021 Retrieved 16 November 2020 via www reuters com Anuncian cuarentena total para 38 comunas de la Region Metropolitana e Iquique y Alto Hospicio CNN Chile Archived from the original on 28 July 2020 Retrieved 19 June 2020 Chile pandemic highlights health crisis as lockdown halts inequality protests the Guardian 5 May 2020 Archived from the original on 21 April 2021 Retrieved 20 April 2021 Chile emerges as global leader in Covid inoculations with pragmatic strategy the Guardian 28 February 2021 Archived from the original on 18 April 2021 Retrieved 20 April 2021 Presidente de la Sofofa cree que existe un parlamentarismo de facto que esta causando estragos El Mostrador in Spanish 17 November 2020 Archived from the original on 18 November 2020 Retrieved 12 January 2021 Presidente del Senado Si Pinera quiere seguir debe aceptar un parlamentarismo de facto Canal 13 14 March 2020 Archived from the original on 19 March 2020 Retrieved 25 January 2020 Will Chile s Pension Withdrawals Cause Long Term Pain The Dialogue 17 December 2020 Archived from the original on 16 January 2021 Retrieved 25 January 2021 a b Court Josefina Correa Jose Tomas 24 June 2020 Chile s Political and Institutional Response to COVID 19 The Regulatory Review Archived from the original on 16 January 2021 Retrieved 25 January 2021 Elections in Chile Fabiola Campillai a candidate fighting for social reforms RFI 20 November 2021 Bonnefoy Pascale 25 November 2018 Killing of Indigenous Man in Chile Spurs Criticism of Security Forces The New York Times Retrieved 27 November 2018 Un joven comunero mapuche murio en Chile durante un allanamiento policial Infobae in Spanish Retrieved 28 November 2018 La historia de Juan Barrios el primer martir de los camioneros que inspira una ley in Spanish Biobio 11 August 2020 Archived from the original on 7 October 2023 Retrieved 9 February 2024 Martinez Brenda 30 October 2020 Quien era Eugenio Nain el carabinero que murio baleado en Metrenco El Dinamo in Spanish Retrieved 29 March 2021 Juan Ignacio Ipinza Mayor Campo de Hielo Patagonico Sur y la carta SHOA N 8 InfoGate Retrieved 15 December 2023 La otra polemica con Argentina Chile se adjudico en ultimo mapa oficial zona de Campos de Hielo aun sin delimitar Infogate 1 September 2021 Retrieved 17 March 2023 a b c d e Lafuente Javier Martinez Ahrens Jan 3 October 2021 Pandora Papers in Latin America Three active heads of state and 11 former presidents operated in tax havens El Pais Archived from the original on 3 October 2021 Retrieved 3 October 2021 Pandora Papers Delano and Pinera families sealed the Minera Dominga deal at the British Virgin Islands CIPER in European Spanish 4 October 2021 Archived from the original on 4 October 2021 Retrieved 4 October 2021 Familias Pinera y Delano sellaron millonaria compraventa de Minera Dominga en Islas Virgenes Britanicas Infobae in European Spanish 3 October 2021 Archived from the original on 4 October 2021 Retrieved 4 October 2021 Montes Rocio 9 November 2021 La Camara de Diputados de Chile aprueba celebrar un juicio politico para destituir al presidente Pinera The Chilean Chamber of Deputies approves holding a political trial to remove President Pinera El Pais in Spanish Santiago de Chile Archived from the original on 9 November 2021 Retrieved 9 November 2021 Ramos Miranda Natalia A 9 November 2021 Chile impeachment vote heads to Senate after lower house approval Thomson Reuters Archived from the original on 9 November 2021 Retrieved 9 November 2021 Ramos Miranda Natalia A Cambero Fabian 16 November 2021 Chile s Pinera safe after Senate votes down impeachment bid Reuters Archived from the original on 18 November 2021 Retrieved 18 November 2021 Chile afronta dividido el referendum que puede archivar la Constitucion de la dictadura in Spanish Valencia Plaza 4 September 2022 Retrieved 27 February 2024 El regreso de Pinera que busca el expresidente chileno al reaparecer en el debate publico Sputnik News Terremoto los 33 mineros 18 O y pandemia asi fue la ultima entrevista de Sebastian Pinera en TV Biobio 6 February 2024 Archived from the original on 7 February 2024 Retrieved 9 February 2024 a b El repunte de popularidad y el boom mediatico de Pinera in Spanish DF 11 August 2023 Retrieved 27 February 2024 Boric recuerda a Pinera como un democrata que contribuyo a construir grandes acuerdos por el bien de la patria in Spanish 20 Minutos 6 February 2024 Archived from the original on 8 February 2024 Retrieved 9 February 2024 Pinera propone modelo de la Concertacion para gran alianza de derecha desde Republicanos hasta Amarillos y Democratas in Spanish Ex Ante 6 August 2023 Archived from the original on 7 February 2024 Retrieved 9 February 2024 Duras criticas de Pinera a Boric No conduce al pais por el camino adecuado in Spanish Bloomberg Linea 22 September 2023 Archived from the original on 7 February 2024 Retrieved 9 February 2024 Pinera el estallido social de 2019 en Chile fue un golpe de Estado no tradicional in Spanish El Pais 22 September 2023 Archived from the original on 7 February 2024 Retrieved 9 February 2024 Controversia en Chile por los dichos de Sebastian Pinera El gobierno de Allende no respeto los principios de la democracia in Spanish Infobae 19 June 2023 Archived from the original on 7 February 2024 Retrieved 9 February 2024 Pinera explico por que firmo la carta de los 50 anos que promueve el Gobierno y rechaza Chile Vamos CHV Noticias 7 September 2023 Archived from the original on 7 February 2024 Retrieved 9 February 2024 Pinera se reune con Boric en La Moneda a una semana del 11 de septiembre Es muy importante cuidar el fondo y las formas in Spanish The Clinic 1 September 2023 Retrieved 27 February 2024 El Nobel Vargas Llosa y los expresidentes Rajoy Duque y Pinera piden el voto para el ultraderechista Milei en Argentina El Pais 12 November 2023 Archived from the original on 8 December 2023 Retrieved 8 December 2023 Pinera dice que votara a favor de nueva Constitucion y que Matthei es la mejor figura presidencial de su sector in Spanish Ex Ante 15 October 2023 Horas antes de morir Sebastian Pinera hablo con Gabriel Boric y le pidio a su equipo que colabore con el presidente para reconstruir Vina del Mar in Spanish Infobae 7 February 2024 Retrieved 27 February 2024 Ex ministros de Pinera y Bachelet acuden a La Moneda en medio de emergencia por incendios forestales in Spanish Emol Retrieved 27 February 2024 Guerrero Jimenez Bernardo Perez Mora Alexander 13 September 2020 Estallido social y pandemia de los cabildos a las ollas comunes El caso del Norte Grande de Chile Espacio abierto Universidad del Zulia Archived from the original on 20 September 2021 Retrieved 20 September 2021 a b Huneeus Carlos 16 April 2020 Las seis debilidades presidenciales de Sebastian Pinera algo mas que simples pinericosas El Mostrador in Spanish Archived from the original on 1 February 2021 Retrieved 21 January 2021 Revive EN PERSONA invitado Excmo Senor Sebastian Pinera Presidente de la Republica de Chile ICARE 28 August 2020 Archived from the original on 3 December 2021 Retrieved 24 January 2021 Progress and its discontents Archived 17 April 2012 at the Wayback Machine The Economist Gobierno responde a The Economist sobre epitetos a Presidente Pinera Emol 13 April 2012 Archived from the original on 31 May 2016 Retrieved 27 April 2016 Boric recuerda a Pinera como un democrata que contribuyo a construir grandes acuerdos por el bien de la patria in Spanish 20 Minutos 6 February 2024 Archived from the original on 8 February 2024 Retrieved 9 February 2024 Chile despide al expresidente Pinera recordado como un gran democrata in Spanish elPeriodico 9 February 2024 Retrieved 27 February 2024 Alamo Claudia 3 June 2021 Oscar Godoy cientista politico A Pinera le falto ejercer su autoridad The Clinic Archived from the original on 4 June 2021 Retrieved 4 June 2021 Ministra Schmidt por broma de Pinera El chiste no solo es fome sino que hiriente para muchas mujeres Archived 9 December 2011 at the Wayback Machine La Tercera a b Sebastian Pinera criticado por chiste machista en cumbre de Mexico Archived 7 January 2012 at the Wayback Machine El Comercio Las Pinerias o Pinericosas siguen siendo el hazmerreir del gobierno Pinera asegura ser descendiente de un emperador inca Sociologo Pablo Hunneus senador Jorge Pizarro y diputado Fidel Espinoza le critican la escasa dignidad que imprime al cargo June 16 2011 Cambio 21 Archived from the original on 19 June 2011 Para Humala Pinera es descendiente del inca Huayna Capac El Comercio 15 June 2011 Archived from the original on 29 August 2013 Retrieved 27 April 2016 Souza Pete 4 June 2013 P060413PS 0549 The White House Flickr Photostream Archived from the original on 13 February 2015 Retrieved 12 February 2015 Pinera volvio a meter la pata Edicion Impresa Opinion www ellitoral com Archived from the original on 27 October 2020 Retrieved 30 March 2020 a b Pinera y los presidentes tachados de mala suerte Archived 1 May 2012 at the Wayback Machine BBC Saleh Felipe 7 March 2011 Por que Pinera habla como telepredicador El Mostrador Archived from the original on 18 December 2012 Retrieved 5 December 2012 a b c d Vergara Carlos 18 August 2012 Chile Furor por una pelicula que parodia a Pinera La Nacion in Spanish Archived from the original on 27 February 2021 Retrieved 22 January 2021 Troubled political debate for personification from Kramer to Pinera on TVN Archived 10 July 2010 at the Wayback Machine La Nacion 7 de julio de 2010 Revised on 3 August 2010 a b Kramer prepara videos y omite imitacion a Pinera en show de cierre de la Teleton La Tercera in Spanish 28 November 2012 Archived from the original on 1 January 2017 Retrieved 22 January 2021 a b Paulsen sobre Pinera durante imitacion de Kramer La opcion menos danina fue sentarse y disfrutar el evento ADN Radio in Spanish 5 December 2011 Archived from the original on 3 December 2021 Retrieved 25 January 2021 Cartajena Matias 22 August 2012 Stefan versus NO El Mostrador in Spanish Archived from the original on 3 December 2021 Retrieved 22 January 2021 Jose Mujica De repente Pinera tiene poco glamour Cooperativa cl 2 February 2013 Archived from the original on 22 December 2017 Retrieved 19 December 2017 a b c d e f g Espinoza Camilo 15 April 2020 Enemigo poderoso e implacable que no respeta a nada ni a nadie Que hay detras del discurso que repite Pinera The Clinic in Spanish Archived from the original on 17 April 2020 Retrieved 19 April 2020 Presidente Pinera Estoy seguro de que con la unidad de todos los chilenos vamos a derrotar a los violentistas y vamos a recuperar el pais en paz y el pais con libertad que todos queremos Archived from the original on 24 October 2019 Retrieved 21 October 2019 Cost of living protests in Chile take deadly toll BBC News 21 October 2019 Archived from the original on 21 October 2019 Retrieved 21 October 2019 La verdad es que no estoy en guerra con nadie General Iturriaga se desmarca de dichos del Presidente Pinera La Tercera in Spanish 2 October 2019 Archived from the original on 21 October 2019 Retrieved 21 October 2019 Cecilia Morel la mujer que estuvo casada con Sebastian Pinera durante 50 anos biografia y fotos de la ex primera dama de Chile Mag in Spanish 6 February 2024 Archived from the original on 7 February 2024 Retrieved 7 February 2024 Gobierno de Chile Archived from the original on 26 February 2014 Retrieved 27 April 2016 Inter American Dialogue Sebastian Pinera www thedialogue org Archived from the original on 20 April 2017 Retrieved 19 April 2017 Toro Jeria Daniela 6 February 2024 Muere ex Presidente Sebastian Pinera en accidente aereo en Lago Ranco El Mercurio Online Archived from the original on 7 February 2024 Retrieved 8 February 2024 Navarrete Esperanza 6 February 2024 Que se sabe hasta ahora del accidente en el Lago Ranco La Tercera in Spanish Archived from the original on 6 February 2024 Retrieved 6 February 2024 a b c https www emol com noticias Nacional 2024 02 07 1120936 accidente sebastian pinera lugar helicoptero html Archived 7 February 2024 at the Wayback Machine Emol Expresidente Sebastian Pinera fallece en accidente de helicoptero en Lago Ranco La Tercera 6 February 2024 Archived from the original on 6 February 2024 Retrieved 6 February 2024 Murio el expresidente chileno Sebastian Pinera en un accidente de helicoptero La Nacion 6 February 2024 Archived from the original on 6 February 2024 Retrieved 6 February 2024 Confirman muerte de expresidente Sebastian Pinera en accidente aereo ADN Radio Chile 6 February 2024 Archived from the original on 6 February 2024 Retrieved 6 February 2024 a b Muere el expresidente de Chile Sebastian Pinera en un accidente de helicoptero BBC Mundo 6 February 2024 Archived from the original on 6 February 2024 Retrieved 6 February 2024 Jackson Patrick Buschschluter Vanessa 6 February 2024 Sebastian Pinera Former president of Chile dies in helicopter crash BBC Archived from the original on 7 February 2024 Retrieved 7 February 2024 Gabriel Boric lamento la muerte de Sebastian Pinera Fue un democrata desde la primera hora Infobae 6 February 2024 Archived from the original on 6 February 2024 Retrieved 6 February 2024 Martinez Roberto 6 February 2024 El itinerario de la despedida al expresidente Sebastian Pinera La Tercera in Spanish Archived from the original on 7 February 2024 Retrieved 6 February 2024 Revive la Primera Gira Internacional del Presidente Sebastian Pinera 2010 2014 gob cl in Spanish Gobierno de Chile Archived from the original on 6 February 2024 Retrieved 6 February 2024 24 11 2010 Colombia Gobierno de Chile 24 November 2010 Archived from the original on 31 January 2019 Retrieved 6 February 2024 Condecoran al presidente de Chile con el Gran Collar de la Orden El Sol del Peru Andina in Spanish Lima Peru 25 November 2010 Archived from the original on 25 November 2020 Retrieved 22 July 2020 Boletin Oficial del Estado PDF Archived PDF from the original on 8 March 2021 Retrieved 27 March 2019 مفتاح الرئيس يقلد نظيره التشيلي وسام نجمة فلسطين مفتاح in Arabic Archived from the original on 6 February 2024 Retrieved 6 February 2024 ACUERDO por el que se otorga al Excelentisimo senor Sebastian Pinera Echenique Presidente de la Republica de Chile la Condecoracion de la Orden Mexicana del Aguila Azteca en el grado de Collar in Spanish Diario Oficial de la Federacion Archived from the original on 31 July 2020 Retrieved 6 February 2024 Vargas Felipe 5 June 2013 Pinera arriba a Panama para cerrar gira presidencial por Norte y Centroamerica Emol in Spanish Archived from the original on 8 April 2023 Retrieved 6 February 2024 Tildelinger av ordener og medaljer www kongehuset no Archived from the original on 14 March 2020 Retrieved 30 March 2020 Presidente Sebastian Pinera realiza visita oficial al Paraguay in Spanish Ministerio de Relaciones Exteriores Archived from the original on 6 February 2024 Retrieved 6 February 2024 Melendez Valero Francisco Javier 2012 Linajes de Pinera en Ubiarco y de Lombera en Limpias antepasados cantabros de Sebastian Pinera presidente de Chile Revista de la Asociacion Cantabra de Genealogia in Spanish 7 143 ISSN 1989 5267 Archived from the original on 14 June 2021 Retrieved 14 June 2021 External links edit nbsp Wikimedia Commons has media related to Sebastian Pinera nbsp Wikiquote has quotations related to Sebastian Pinera Official website in Spanish Extended biography by CIDOB Foundation in Spanish Biographical notes in Spanish Archived 11 September 2013 at the Wayback Machine in Spanish Genealogy of the Pinera family in Chile Appearances on C SPAN Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Sebastian Pinera amp oldid 1217610990, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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