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2019 United Nations Climate Change Conference

January 31, 2023

The 2019 United Nations Climate Change Conference, also known as COP25, was the 25th United Nations Climate Change conference. It was held in Madrid, Spain, from 2 to 13 December 2019 under the presidency of the Chilean government. The conference incorporated the 25th Conference of the Parties to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC), the 15th meeting of the parties to the Kyoto Protocol (CMP15), and the second meeting of the parties to the Paris Agreement (CMA2).

2019 United Nations Climate Change Conference
Native name Conferencia de las Naciones Unidas sobre el Cambio Climático de 2019
Date2–13 December 2019 (2019-12-02 – 2019-12-13)
LocationMadrid, Spain
Also known asCOP25 (UNFCCC)
CMP15 (Kyoto Protocol)
CMA2 (Paris Agreement)
Organized byChile and Spain
ParticipantsUNFCCC member countries
Previous event← Katowice 2018
Next eventGlasgow 2021 →
Websitecop25.cl/en

Prelude

The conference was planned to be held in Brazil in November 2019, but a year before the planned start, newly-elected President Jair Bolsonaro withdrew the offer to host the event, citing economic reasons.[1] Then Chile stepped up and became the new host, but massive protests against social inequality in the lead-up to the meeting forced it late October 2019 to withdraw from hosting.[2] Then by mutual agreement between the UN, Chile, and Spain, the latter became the new host.[3]

Various climate activists had set out from Europe to South America by sailboat, before the decision had been taken to relocate COP25 to Madrid. In mid-November, some of these activists joined an alternative conference, the "Forest COP", near the centre of the Amazon jungle, in Terra do Meio. The event was attended by indigenous leaders, scientists and academics such as Eduardo Góes Neves, and activists such as Nadezhda Tolokonnikova. After the Forest COP, a follow-on event, "Amazônia Centro do Mundo" (Amazon: The Centre of the World) took place on 17 November in nearby Altamira.[4][5][6]

Event planning

In November, Teresa Ribera, the Spanish Minister for the Ecological Transition, announced the conference would be held at the IFEMA facilities in Madrid.[7] The Spanish government divided the COP25 into two zones, one blue and one green.[8] The blue zone hosted sessions for negotiation between the parties of the COP. This included the 15th session of the Meeting of the Parties to the Kyoto Protocol and the 2nd session of the Meeting of the Parties to the Paris Agreement. The blue zone also hosted events and activities run by NGO actors and side events organized by states other than Spain. The green zone was dedicated to civil society initiatives aiming to promote social participation. This area was divided into three thematic sub-zones: one involving youth events, the second designated to indigenous peoples, and the third focused on science and innovation. The green zone was intended to be an open-dialogue pavilion for all types of civil actors, ranging from NGOs to businesses, academia and sponsors.[9]

The event was supported among others by Iberdrola, Endesa, Santander, Suez, Telefonica, Fundación Abertis, Banco Bilbao Vizcaya Argentaria, Acciona and Indra.[10]

Participants

Harjeet Singh, of environmental group ActionAid International, said that moving the summit from Chile to Spain with only four weeks' notice presented "real barriers to participation" for delegates from the southern hemisphere.[11]

In August 2019, youth climate change activist Greta Thunberg and her father Svante sailed from Plymouth, England across the Atlantic Ocean to the Americas in sailboat Malizia II to participate in the UN Climate Action Summit in New York City in September. At that time it was not clear how she was going to return to Europe, but she was planning to go on to Chile for the conference.[12] With the move of the conference to Madrid, the need to return to Europe became more urgent. Teresa Ribera, as Spain's environment minister, offered her help in finding a way to travel to the conference.[13] Riley Whitelum and his wife, Elayna Carausu, two Australians who had been sailing around the world aboard their 48-foot (15 m) catamaran, La Vagabonde, took Thunberg back across the Atlantic. On 13 November 2019, Thunberg set sail from Hampton, Virginia for Lisbon, Portugal. Her departing message was the same as it has been since she began her activism: "My message to the Americans is the same as to everyone – that is to unite behind the science and to act on the science."[14][15][16][17]

Further information: Voyage of Greta Thunberg

Speaker of the US House of Representatives Nancy Pelosi led a 15-member Congressional delegation to the talks to demonstrate continued U.S. support for the negotiations, despite the Trump administration's decision to pull the U.S. out of the Paris Agreement.[18]

Ecuadorian environmental activist Helena Gualinga participated. She spoke about her concern on the Ecuadorian government authorizing oil extraction in indigenous land. She said: "Our country's government is still granting our territories to the corporations responsible of climate change. This is criminal." She criticized the Ecuadorian government for claiming interest in protecting the Amazon during the conference instead of attending indigenous Amazon women's demands brought to the government during the 2019 Ecuadorian protests.[19] She also expressed her disappointment towards world leaders' lack of interest to discuss topics brought by indigenous peoples to the conference.[19]

The International Union for Conservation of Nature presented research showing that the number of low-oxygen zones in the oceans is increasing.[20]

Negotiations

 
Mapuche people protesting against REDD+, Climate March in Madrid, Friday 6 December 2019

The last part of the Paris regime that remains to be resolved is Article 6, which describes rules for a carbon market and other forms of international cooperation. In the COP24 conference no agreement could be reached on this topic. Several politically difficult decisions have to be made for this article. Negative emissions could be traded under the Kyoto Protocol to offset emissions by developed countries, but many of these negative emission projects would have happened anyway without the extra incentive from the Kyoto Protocol, so that this mechanism was described as 'hot air'. International trading of carbon can make overall emission cuts cheaper. If negotiations about this fail, it will come up again in 2020's COP26[21] (postponed to 2021).[22]

According to scientists, talks focused on some of the rules for implementing the 2015 Paris agreement, but the overriding issue of how fast the world needs to cut greenhouse gas emissions has received little official attention. Urgent UN talks on tackling the climate emergency are still not addressing the true scale of the crisis, one of the world’s leading climate scientists has warned.[23]

Negotiations concluded on 15 December 2019, two days after the stated deadline.[24]

Results

The results of the conference were disappointing at a time when climate action and concrete measures are considered urgent.[25][26] Alden Meyer, director of strategy and policy for the Union of Concerned Scientists who has attended climate negotiations since 1991, stated that he had never seen before the almost total disconnect between what the science requires and what the climate negotiations are delivering in terms of meaningful action.[27][28] Greenpeace executive director Jennifer Morgan summarized the prevalent opinion: “Climate blockers like Brazil and Saudi Arabia, enabled by an irresponsibly weak Chilean leadership, peddled carbon deals and steamrolled scientists and civil society”.[29][30] The decisions about the carbon market and emissions cuts were delayed to the next climate conference in Glasgow. The United States, Russia, India, China, Brazil and Saudi Arabia were the main opponents of these measures.

On the other side, the European Union reached an agreement about the European Green Deal that should lower its emissions to zero by 2050.[31] Also, many commitments were made by countries, cities, businesses and international coalitions. For example, the Climate Ambitious Coalition contains now "73 countries committed to net zero emissions by 2050, as well as a further 1214 actors (regions, cities, businesses, investors) who have pledged the same goal". All the information about the pledges (governmental and non-governmental) is streamed to the Global Climate Action portal.[32][33]

The Santiago Network was established at COP25.[34]

See also

References

  1. ^ Londoño, Ernesto; Friedman, Lisa (2018-11-28). "Brazil Backs Out of Hosting 2019 Climate Change Meeting". New York Times. from the original on 2019-08-15. Retrieved 2019-08-16.
  2. ^ Londoño, Ernesto; Sengupta, Somini (2019-10-30). "Chile, Rocked by Unrest, Withdraws From Hosting Climate and Trade Summits". The New York Times. from the original on 2019-10-31. Retrieved 2019-11-01.
  3. ^ Sengupta, Somini (2019-10-31). "Spain Agrees to Host Key Climate Talks After Chile Pulls Out". The New York Times. from the original on 2019-10-31.
  4. ^ Watts, Jonathan (2019-11-15). "Activists hold climate conference deep in the Amazon rainforest". The Guardian. Retrieved 2019-11-18.
  5. ^ Watts, Jonathan (2019-11-17). "The Amazon: on the frontline of a global battle to tackle the climate crisis". The Guardian. Retrieved 2019-11-18.
  6. ^ Brum, Eliane (2019-11-15). "Amazônia Centro do Mundo". El País. Retrieved 2019-11-18.
  7. ^ "Teresa Ribera desvela que IFEMA es el lugar elegido para la Cumbre del Clima". cadenaser.com. Cadena SER. 2019-11-01.
  8. ^ "25ª Conferencia de las Partes de la Convención Marco de Naciones Unidas sobre el Cambio Climático (COP25)". Ministerio para la Transición Ecológica.
  9. ^ . Ambientum. Archived from the original on 2019-12-02. Retrieved 2019-11-28.
  10. ^ "COP25 Bankrolled by Big Polluters". Corporate Europe Observatory. 2019-12-06. Retrieved 2021-01-03.
  11. ^ "Greta Thunberg asks for lift back across Atlantic as climate meeting shifts to Madrid". The Guardian. 2019-11-03. Retrieved 2019-11-03.
  12. ^ Tidman, Zoe (2019-08-14). "Greta Thunberg sets sail from UK on two-week journey aboard high-tech yacht to reach climate summits". Independent. from the original on 2019-08-15. Retrieved 2019-08-16.
  13. ^ Rosan, Olivia (2019-11-04). "It's Official: Madrid Will Host COP25". Ecowatch. Retrieved 2019-11-05.
  14. ^ Sengupta, Somini (2019-11-12). "Greta Thunberg Sets Sail, Again, After Climate Talks Relocate". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. from the original on 2019-11-14. Retrieved 2019-11-14.
  15. ^ "Greta Thunberg to sail to climate summit in Spain". BBC News. 2019-11-13. from the original on 2019-11-14. Retrieved 2019-11-14.
  16. ^ Shine, Rhiannon; Carmody, James (2019-11-13). "Australian sailing couple and their son come to Greta Thunberg's rescue". ABC News. from the original on 2019-11-14. Retrieved 2019-11-14.
  17. ^ Holden, Emily (2019-11-12). "Greta Thunberg leaves US with simple climate crisis message: vote". The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. from the original on 2019-11-14. Retrieved 2019-11-14.
  18. ^ Wolff, Eric. "Pelosi to climate conference: 'We're still in' Paris agreement". POLITICO. Retrieved 2019-12-16.
  19. ^ a b . El Comercio. 2019-12-11. Archived from the original on 2019-12-12. Retrieved 2019-12-12.
  20. ^ "Oceans losing oxygen at unprecedented rate, experts warn". the Guardian. 2019-12-07. Retrieved 2021-11-06.
  21. ^ Evans, Simon; Gabbattis, Josh (2019-11-29). "In-depth Q&A: How 'Article 6' carbon markets could 'make or break' the Paris Agreement". Carbon Brief. Retrieved 2019-12-02.
  22. ^ "New dates agreed for COP26 United Nations Climate Change Conference". gov.uk. 2020-05-28.
  23. ^ UN climate talks failing to address urgency of crisis, says top scientist The Guardian, 2019-12-08
  24. ^ Dennis, Brady; Harlan, Chico (2019-12-15). "U.N. climate talks end with hard feelings, few results and new doubts about global unity". The Washington Post. Retrieved 2019-12-16.
  25. ^ "U.N. Climate Talks End With Few Commitments and a 'Lost' Opportunity. The New York Times. Dic 15, 2019".
  26. ^ "U.N. Climate Talks Collapsed in Madrid. What's the Way Forward? Intelligencer. Dic16, 2019".
  27. ^ "Reflections from COP25 in Madrid. Union of Concerned Scientists. Dic 19, 2019".
  28. ^ "'Total disconnect': Voices from marathon Madrid climate summit. Reuter. Dic 15, 2019".
  29. ^ "Record-long UN climate talks end with no deal on carbon markets. The Times of Israel, Dic 5,2019".
  30. ^ "Five reasons COP25 climate talks failed. The Economics Time (India) Dec 6, 2019".[permanent dead link]
  31. ^ Davidson, Jordan (2019-12-16). "COP25 Ends With a Whimper: A Few Takeaways". Ecowatch. Retrieved 2019-12-18.
  32. ^ "Global Climate Action Presents a Blueprint for a 1.5-Degree World". UNFCCC. Retrieved 2019-12-18.
  33. ^ "UN Climate Change Conference (COP25) 2-13 December, 2019 Madrid, Spain". Global Climate Action NAZCA. Retrieved 2019-12-18.
  34. ^ United Nations, About the Santiago Network, accessed 21 November 2022

External links

 
Wikimedia Commons has media related to 2019 United Nations Climate Change Conference.

    January 31, 2023
    2019, united, nations, climate, change, conference, also, known, cop25, 25th, united, nations, climate, change, conference, held, madrid, spain, from, december, 2019, under, presidency, chilean, government, conference, incorporated, 25th, conference, parties, . The 2019 United Nations Climate Change Conference also known as COP25 was the 25th United Nations Climate Change conference It was held in Madrid Spain from 2 to 13 December 2019 under the presidency of the Chilean government The conference incorporated the 25th Conference of the Parties to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change UNFCCC the 15th meeting of the parties to the Kyoto Protocol CMP15 and the second meeting of the parties to the Paris Agreement CMA2 2019 United Nations Climate Change ConferenceNative nameConferencia de las Naciones Unidas sobre el Cambio Climatico de 2019Date2 13 December 2019 2019 12 02 2019 12 13 LocationMadrid SpainAlso known asCOP25 UNFCCC CMP15 Kyoto Protocol CMA2 Paris Agreement Organized byChile and SpainParticipantsUNFCCC member countriesPrevious event Katowice 2018Next eventGlasgow 2021 Websitecop25 cl en Contents 1 Prelude 2 Event planning 3 Participants 4 Negotiations 5 Results 6 See also 7 References 8 External linksPrelude EditThe conference was planned to be held in Brazil in November 2019 but a year before the planned start newly elected President Jair Bolsonaro withdrew the offer to host the event citing economic reasons 1 Then Chile stepped up and became the new host but massive protests against social inequality in the lead up to the meeting forced it late October 2019 to withdraw from hosting 2 Then by mutual agreement between the UN Chile and Spain the latter became the new host 3 Various climate activists had set out from Europe to South America by sailboat before the decision had been taken to relocate COP25 to Madrid In mid November some of these activists joined an alternative conference the Forest COP near the centre of the Amazon jungle in Terra do Meio The event was attended by indigenous leaders scientists and academics such as Eduardo Goes Neves and activists such as Nadezhda Tolokonnikova After the Forest COP a follow on event Amazonia Centro do Mundo Amazon The Centre of the World took place on 17 November in nearby Altamira 4 5 6 Event planning EditIn November Teresa Ribera the Spanish Minister for the Ecological Transition announced the conference would be held at the IFEMA facilities in Madrid 7 The Spanish government divided the COP25 into two zones one blue and one green 8 The blue zone hosted sessions for negotiation between the parties of the COP This included the 15th session of the Meeting of the Parties to the Kyoto Protocol and the 2nd session of the Meeting of the Parties to the Paris Agreement The blue zone also hosted events and activities run by NGO actors and side events organized by states other than Spain The green zone was dedicated to civil society initiatives aiming to promote social participation This area was divided into three thematic sub zones one involving youth events the second designated to indigenous peoples and the third focused on science and innovation The green zone was intended to be an open dialogue pavilion for all types of civil actors ranging from NGOs to businesses academia and sponsors 9 The event was supported among others by Iberdrola Endesa Santander Suez Telefonica Fundacion Abertis Banco Bilbao Vizcaya Argentaria Acciona and Indra 10 Participants EditHarjeet Singh of environmental group ActionAid International said that moving the summit from Chile to Spain with only four weeks notice presented real barriers to participation for delegates from the southern hemisphere 11 In August 2019 youth climate change activist Greta Thunberg and her father Svante sailed from Plymouth England across the Atlantic Ocean to the Americas in sailboat Malizia II to participate in the UN Climate Action Summit in New York City in September At that time it was not clear how she was going to return to Europe but she was planning to go on to Chile for the conference 12 With the move of the conference to Madrid the need to return to Europe became more urgent Teresa Ribera as Spain s environment minister offered her help in finding a way to travel to the conference 13 Riley Whitelum and his wife Elayna Carausu two Australians who had been sailing around the world aboard their 48 foot 15 m catamaran La Vagabonde took Thunberg back across the Atlantic On 13 November 2019 Thunberg set sail from Hampton Virginia for Lisbon Portugal Her departing message was the same as it has been since she began her activism My message to the Americans is the same as to everyone that is to unite behind the science and to act on the science 14 15 16 17 Further information Voyage of Greta Thunberg Speaker of the US House of Representatives Nancy Pelosi led a 15 member Congressional delegation to the talks to demonstrate continued U S support for the negotiations despite the Trump administration s decision to pull the U S out of the Paris Agreement 18 Ecuadorian environmental activist Helena Gualinga participated She spoke about her concern on the Ecuadorian government authorizing oil extraction in indigenous land She said Our country s government is still granting our territories to the corporations responsible of climate change This is criminal She criticized the Ecuadorian government for claiming interest in protecting the Amazon during the conference instead of attending indigenous Amazon women s demands brought to the government during the 2019 Ecuadorian protests 19 She also expressed her disappointment towards world leaders lack of interest to discuss topics brought by indigenous peoples to the conference 19 The International Union for Conservation of Nature presented research showing that the number of low oxygen zones in the oceans is increasing 20 Negotiations Edit Mapuche people protesting against REDD Climate March in Madrid Friday 6 December 2019 The last part of the Paris regime that remains to be resolved is Article 6 which describes rules for a carbon market and other forms of international cooperation In the COP24 conference no agreement could be reached on this topic Several politically difficult decisions have to be made for this article Negative emissions could be traded under the Kyoto Protocol to offset emissions by developed countries but many of these negative emission projects would have happened anyway without the extra incentive from the Kyoto Protocol so that this mechanism was described as hot air International trading of carbon can make overall emission cuts cheaper If negotiations about this fail it will come up again in 2020 s COP26 21 postponed to 2021 22 According to scientists talks focused on some of the rules for implementing the 2015 Paris agreement but the overriding issue of how fast the world needs to cut greenhouse gas emissions has received little official attention Urgent UN talks on tackling the climate emergency are still not addressing the true scale of the crisis one of the world s leading climate scientists has warned 23 Negotiations concluded on 15 December 2019 two days after the stated deadline 24 Results EditThe results of the conference were disappointing at a time when climate action and concrete measures are considered urgent 25 26 Alden Meyer director of strategy and policy for the Union of Concerned Scientists who has attended climate negotiations since 1991 stated that he had never seen before the almost total disconnect between what the science requires and what the climate negotiations are delivering in terms of meaningful action 27 28 Greenpeace executive director Jennifer Morgan summarized the prevalent opinion Climate blockers like Brazil and Saudi Arabia enabled by an irresponsibly weak Chilean leadership peddled carbon deals and steamrolled scientists and civil society 29 30 The decisions about the carbon market and emissions cuts were delayed to the next climate conference in Glasgow The United States Russia India China Brazil and Saudi Arabia were the main opponents of these measures On the other side the European Union reached an agreement about the European Green Deal that should lower its emissions to zero by 2050 31 Also many commitments were made by countries cities businesses and international coalitions For example the Climate Ambitious Coalition contains now 73 countries committed to net zero emissions by 2050 as well as a further 1214 actors regions cities businesses investors who have pledged the same goal All the information about the pledges governmental and non governmental is streamed to the Global Climate Action portal 32 33 The Santiago Network was established at COP25 34 See also EditVoyage of Greta Thunberg Fourth Global Climate Strike 29 November 2019 References Edit Londono Ernesto Friedman Lisa 2018 11 28 Brazil Backs Out of Hosting 2019 Climate Change Meeting New York Times Archived from the original on 2019 08 15 Retrieved 2019 08 16 Londono Ernesto Sengupta Somini 2019 10 30 Chile Rocked by Unrest Withdraws From Hosting Climate and Trade Summits The New York Times Archived from the original on 2019 10 31 Retrieved 2019 11 01 Sengupta Somini 2019 10 31 Spain Agrees to Host Key Climate Talks After Chile Pulls Out The New York Times Archived from the original on 2019 10 31 Watts Jonathan 2019 11 15 Activists hold climate conference deep in the Amazon rainforest The Guardian Retrieved 2019 11 18 Watts Jonathan 2019 11 17 The Amazon on the frontline of a global battle to tackle the climate crisis The Guardian Retrieved 2019 11 18 Brum Eliane 2019 11 15 Amazonia Centro do Mundo El Pais Retrieved 2019 11 18 Teresa Ribera desvela que IFEMA es el lugar elegido para la Cumbre del Clima cadenaser com Cadena SER 2019 11 01 25ª Conferencia de las Partes de la Convencion Marco de Naciones Unidas sobre el Cambio Climatico COP25 Ministerio para la Transicion Ecologica Quieres participar en la Zona Verde de la COP25 Ambientum Archived from the original on 2019 12 02 Retrieved 2019 11 28 COP25 Bankrolled by Big Polluters Corporate Europe Observatory 2019 12 06 Retrieved 2021 01 03 Greta Thunberg asks for lift back across Atlantic as climate meeting shifts to Madrid The Guardian 2019 11 03 Retrieved 2019 11 03 Tidman Zoe 2019 08 14 Greta Thunberg sets sail from UK on two week journey aboard high tech yacht to reach climate summits Independent Archived from the original on 2019 08 15 Retrieved 2019 08 16 Rosan Olivia 2019 11 04 It s Official Madrid Will Host COP25 Ecowatch Retrieved 2019 11 05 Sengupta Somini 2019 11 12 Greta Thunberg Sets Sail Again After Climate Talks Relocate The New York Times ISSN 0362 4331 Archived from the original on 2019 11 14 Retrieved 2019 11 14 Greta Thunberg to sail to climate summit in Spain BBC News 2019 11 13 Archived from the original on 2019 11 14 Retrieved 2019 11 14 Shine Rhiannon Carmody James 2019 11 13 Australian sailing couple and their son come to Greta Thunberg s rescue ABC News Archived from the original on 2019 11 14 Retrieved 2019 11 14 Holden Emily 2019 11 12 Greta Thunberg leaves US with simple climate crisis message vote The Guardian ISSN 0261 3077 Archived from the original on 2019 11 14 Retrieved 2019 11 14 Wolff Eric Pelosi to climate conference We re still in Paris agreement POLITICO Retrieved 2019 12 16 a b La adolescente Helena Gualinga activista del pueblo Sarayaku arremetio contra el Gobierno de Ecuador en la COP25 de Madrid El Comercio 2019 12 11 Archived from the original on 2019 12 12 Retrieved 2019 12 12 Oceans losing oxygen at unprecedented rate experts warn the Guardian 2019 12 07 Retrieved 2021 11 06 Evans Simon Gabbattis Josh 2019 11 29 In depth Q amp A How Article 6 carbon markets could make or break the Paris Agreement Carbon Brief Retrieved 2019 12 02 New dates agreed for COP26 United Nations Climate Change Conference gov uk 2020 05 28 UN climate talks failing to address urgency of crisis says top scientist The Guardian 2019 12 08 Dennis Brady Harlan Chico 2019 12 15 U N climate talks end with hard feelings few results and new doubts about global unity The Washington Post Retrieved 2019 12 16 U N Climate Talks End With Few Commitments and a Lost Opportunity The New York Times Dic 15 2019 U N Climate Talks Collapsed in Madrid What s the Way Forward Intelligencer Dic16 2019 Reflections from COP25 in Madrid Union of Concerned Scientists Dic 19 2019 Total disconnect Voices from marathon Madrid climate summit Reuter Dic 15 2019 Record long UN climate talks end with no deal on carbon markets The Times of Israel Dic 5 2019 Five reasons COP25 climate talks failed The Economics Time India Dec 6 2019 permanent dead link Davidson Jordan 2019 12 16 COP25 Ends With a Whimper A Few Takeaways Ecowatch Retrieved 2019 12 18 Global Climate Action Presents a Blueprint for a 1 5 Degree World UNFCCC Retrieved 2019 12 18 UN Climate Change Conference COP25 2 13 December 2019 Madrid Spain Global Climate Action NAZCA Retrieved 2019 12 18 United Nations About the Santiago Network accessed 21 November 2022External links Edit Wikimedia Commons has media related to 2019 United Nations Climate Change Conference 2019 United Nations Climate Change Conference 25th Website Portals Global warming Chile Politics Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title 2019 United Nations Climate Change Conference amp oldid 1123007367, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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