List of infectious diseases

"List of endemic diseases" redirects here. This list includes endemic, epidemic, pandemic, and eradicated diseases.

This is a list of infectious diseases arranged by name, along with the infectious agents that cause them, the vaccines that can prevent or cure them when they exist and their current status.

List

Infectious agent	Common name	Signs and symptoms	Diagnosis	Treatment	Current status	Vaccine(s)
Acinetobacter baumannii	Acinetobacter infections	Blood infection: Fever, chills, vomiting, confusion Urinary tract infection: bloody urine, cloudy urine Pneumonia: Fever, chills, coughing	Culture	Supportive care		No
Actinomyces israelii, Actinomyces gerencseriae and Propionibacterium propionicus	Actinomycosis	Painful abscesses	Histologic findings	Penicillin, doxycycline, and sulfonamides		No
Adenoviridae	Adenovirus infection	high fever that lasts 4–6 days pharyngitis (sore throat) conjunctivitis (inflamed eyes, usually without pus formation like pink eye) enlargement of the lymph nodes of the neck headache, malaise, and weakness Incubation period of 5–9 days	Antigen detection, polymerase chain reaction assay, virus isolation, and serology	Most infections are mild and require no therapy or only symptomatic treatment.		Under research^[1]
Trypanosoma brucei	African sleeping sickness (African trypanosomiasis)	Hemolymphatic phase: Fever, lymphadenopathy Neurological phase: Sleep disorders, neurological symptoms, psychiatric symptoms	Identification of trypanosomes in a sample by microscopic examination	Fexinidazole by mouth or pentamidine by injection for T. b. gambiense. Suramin by injection is used for T. b. rhodesiense	Undergoing worldwide elimination as a public health problem and regional control^[2]	Under research^[3]
HIV (Human immunodeficiency virus)	AIDS (acquired immunodeficiency syndrome)	Opportunistic infections	Antibody test, p24 antigen test, PCR	Treatment is typically a non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NNRTI) plus two nucleoside analog reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs)		Under research^[4]
Entamoeba histolytica	Amoebiasis	Most are asymptomatic.	Microscopy	Those with symptoms require treatment with an amoebicidal tissue-active agent and a luminal cysticidal agent. Individuals that are asymptomatic only need a luminal cysticidal agent.		No
Anaplasma species	Anaplasmosis	Fever, leukopenia, abnormally elevated levels of liver enzymes	indirect immunofluorescence antibody assay for IgG	Tetracycline drugs (including tetracycline, chlortetracycline, oxytetracycline, rolitetracycline, doxycycline, and minocycline) and imidocarb		No
Angiostrongylus	Angiostrongyliasis	Abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, and weakness, fever, central nervous system (CNS) symptoms	Lumbar puncture, brain imaging, serology	Albendazole		No
Anisakis	Anisakiasis	Severe abdominal pain, malnutrition, and vomiting	Gastroscopic examination, or histopathologic examination	Albendazole		No
Bacillus anthracis	Anthrax	boil-like skin lesion that eventually forms an ulcer with a black center (eschar)	Culture, PCR	Large doses of intravenous and oral antibiotics, such as fluoroquinolones (ciprofloxacin), doxycycline, erythromycin, vancomycin, or penicillin		Yes
Arcanobacterium haemolyticum	Arcanobacterium haemolyticum infection	Head and neck infections, pharyngitis, and sinusitis	Culture in human blood agar plates	erythromycin (proposed as the first-line drug), clindamycin, gentamicin, and cephalosporins		No
Junin virus	Argentine hemorrhagic fever					Yes^[5]
Ascaris lumbricoides	Ascariasis	Migrating larvae, intestinal blockage, and bowel obstruction	Fecal smear	Albendazole, mebendazole, levamisole and pyrantel pamoate		No
Aspergillus species	Aspergillosis	Hemoptysis, chest pain	Chest X-ray and CT, microscopy by silver stains	Voriconazole and liposomal amphotericin B in combination with surgical debridement		No
Astroviridae species	Astrovirus infection	Diarrhoea, followed by nausea, vomiting, fever, malaise and abdominal pain	Electron microscopy, enzyme-immunoassay (ELISA), immunofluorescence, and polymerase chain reaction	Supportive care		No
Babesia species	Babesiosis	Fever and hemolytic anemia	Giemsa-stained thin-film blood smear	Atovaquone and azithromycin. In life-threatening cases, exchange transfusion is performed.		No
Bacillus cereus	Bacillus cereus infection	Nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea	Culture	Vancomycin		No
multiple bacteria	Bacterial meningitis	neck stiffness, sudden high fever, and altered mental status	Lumbar puncture (contraindicated if there is a mass in the brain or the intracranial pressure is elevated), CT or MRI	Antibiotics		No
multiple bacteria	Bacterial pneumonia	Fever, rigors, cough, and runny nose, chest pain	Sputum Gram stain and culture, Chest radiography	Antibiotics		No
List of bacterial vaginosis microbiota	Bacterial vaginosis	Increased vaginal discharge that usually smells like fish	Gram stain and whiff test	Metronidazole or clindamycin		No
Bacteroides species	Bacteroides infection					No
Balantidium coli	Balantidiasis	Intermittent diarrhea, constipation, vomiting, abdominal pain, anorexia, weight loss, headache, colitis, and marked fluid loss	microscopic examination of stools, or colonoscopy or sigmoidoscopy	Tetracycline, metronidazole or iodoquinol		No
Bartonella	Bartonellosis	Carrión's disease, trench fever, cat-scratch disease, bacillary angiomatosis, peliosis hepatis, chronic bacteremia, endocarditis, chronic lymphadenopathy, and neurological disorders	microscopy, serology, and PCR	Antibiotics		No
Baylisascaris species	Baylisascaris infection					No
BK virus	BK virus infection					No
Piedraia hortae	Black piedra	formation of nodules on the scalp, moustache and pubic hair	Stain or culture	Antifungal shampoos such as pyrithione zinc, formaldehyde and salicylic acid		No
Blastocystis species	Blastocystosis	abdominal pain, itching, usually anal itching, constipation, diarrhea, watery or loose stool	microscopic examination of a chemically preserved stool specimen	Lack of scientific study to support the efficacy of any particular treatment		No
Blastomyces dermatitidis	Blastomycosis	fever, chills, arthralgia (joint pain), myalgia (muscle pain), headache, and a nonproductive cough	KOH prep, cytology, or histology	Itraconazole or ketoconazole		No
Machupo virus	Bolivian hemorrhagic fever					No
Clostridium botulinum; Note: Botulism is not an infection by Clostridium botulinum but caused by the intake of botulinum toxin.	Botulism (and Infant botulism)	Double vision, drooping of both eyelids, loss of facial expression and swallowing problems	Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs), electrochemiluminescent (ECL) tests	Botulism antitoxin and supportive care		No
Sabiá virus	Brazilian hemorrhagic fever					No
Brucella species	Brucellosis	fevers, sweating (often with characteristic foul, moldy smell sometimes likened to wet hay), and migratory arthralgia and myalgia (joint and muscle pain)	Culture	Tetracyclines, rifampicin, and the aminoglycosides streptomycin and gentamicin		Yes^[6]
Yersinia pestis	Bubonic plague	Chills, malaise, high fever, muscle cramps, seizures	Culture	Aminoglycosides such as streptomycin and gentamicin, tetracyclines (especially doxycycline), and the fluoroquinolone ciprofloxacin		Under research^[7]
usually Burkholderia cepacia and other Burkholderia species	Burkholderia infection					No
Mycobacterium ulcerans	Buruli ulcer	Swollen bump	real-time PCR	The most widely used antibiotic regimen is once daily oral rifampicin plus twice daily oral clarithromycin.		No
Caliciviridae species	Calicivirus infection (Norovirus and Sapovirus)	Vomiting, diarrhea, stomach pain				No
Campylobacter species	Campylobacteriosis	Fever, headache, and myalgia, followed by diarrhea	Stool culture	Erythromycin can be used in children, and tetracycline in adults.		No
usually Candida albicans and other Candida species	Candidiasis (Moniliasis; Thrush)	Redness, itching, and discomfort	In oral candidiasis, simply inspecting the person's mouth for white patches and irritation may make the diagnosis. Symptoms of vaginal candidiasis are vaginal itching or soreness, pain during sexual intercourse	Antifungal medications		No
Intestinal disease by Capillaria philippinensis, hepatic disease by Capillaria hepatica and pulmonary disease by Capillaria aerophila	Capillariasis					No
Streptococcus mutans	Dental caries	Tooth pain, difficulty eating, discoloration, tooth loss				Under research^[8]
Bartonella bacilliformis	Carrion's disease	Fever, pale appearance, malaise, painless liver enlargement, jaundice, enlarged lymph nodes, and enlarged spleen	Peripheral blood smear with Giemsa stain, Columbia blood agar cultures, immunoblot, indirect immunofluorescence, and PCR	Fluoroquinolones (such as ciprofloxacin) or chloramphenicol in adults and chloramphenicol plus beta-lactams in children are the antibiotic regimens of choice during the acute phase of Carrion's disease.		No
Bartonella henselae	Cat-scratch disease	Malaise, decreased appetite, and aches	Polymerase chain reaction	Azithromycin		No
usually Group A Streptococcus and Staphylococcus	Cellulitis	An area that is red, hot, and painful	By history and physical examination	Penicillinase-resistant semisynthetic penicillin or a first-generation cephalosporin		No
Trypanosoma cruzi	Chagas disease (American trypanosomiasis)	Fever, malaise, headache, and enlargement of the liver, spleen, and lymph nodes	Microscopic examination of fresh anticoagulated blood, or its buffy coat, for motile parasites; or by preparation of thin and thick blood smears stained with Giemsa, for direct visualization of parasites	Benznidazole and nifurtimox (though benznidazole is the only drug available in most of Latin America)	Undergoing elimination of human transmissions and regional control^[9]	Under research^[10]
Haemophilus ducreyi	Chancroid	Painful sores on the genitalia	Clinical diagnosis	The CDC recommendation is either a single oral dose (1 gram) of azithromycin, a single IM dose (250 mg) of ceftriaxone, oral (500 mg) of erythromycin three times a day for seven days, or oral (500 mg) of ciprofloxacin twice a day for three days.		No
Varicella zoster virus (VZV)	Chickenpox	nausea, loss of appetite, aching muscles, and headache, followed by the characteristic rash or oral sores, malaise, and a low-grade fever	The diagnosis of chickenpox is primarily based on the signs and symptoms, with typical early symptoms followed by a characteristic rash. Confirmation of the diagnosis is by examination of the fluid within the vesicles of the rash, or by testing blood for evidence of an acute immunologic response.	Aciclovir		Yes
Alphavirus	Chikungunya	sudden onset, combining high fever, joint pain, and rash	Laboratory criteria include a decreased lymphocyte count consistent with viremia. However a definitive laboratory diagnosis can be accomplished through viral isolation, RT-PCR, or serological diagnosis.	Supportive care		Under research^[11]
Chlamydia trachomatis	Chlamydia	In women, those who have an asymptomatic infection that is not detected by their doctor, approximately half will develop pelvic inflammatory disease (PID), In men, painful or burning sensation when urinating	Nucleic acid amplification tests (NAAT), such as polymerase chain reaction (PCR), transcription mediated amplification (TMA), and the DNA strand displacement amplification (SDA)	azithromycin, doxycycline, erythromycin, levofloxacin or ofloxacin		No
Chlamydophila pneumoniae	Chlamydophila pneumoniae infection (Taiwan acute respiratory agent or TWAR)					No
Vibrio cholerae	Cholera	Profuse diarrhea and vomiting of clear fluid	A rapid dipstick test is available.	oral rehydration therapy (ORT)		Yes
usually Fonsecaea pedrosoi	Chromoblastomycosis	Usually, the infection slowly spreads to the surrounding tissue while still remaining localized to the area around the original wound.	microscopy (KOH scrapings)	Itraconazole, an antifungal azole, is given orally, with or without flucytosine.		No
Batrachochytrium dendrabatidis	Chytridiomycosis					No
Clonorchis sinensis	Clonorchiasis					No
Clostridium difficile	Clostridium difficile colitis	diarrhea, recent antibiotic exposure, abdominal pain, fever, and a distinctive foul odor	Colonoscopy or sigmoidoscopy, cytotoxicity assay, toxin ELISA	Vancomycin or fidaxomicin by mouth		No
Coccidioides immitis and Coccidioides posadasii	Coccidioidomycosis					No
Colorado tick fever virus (CTFV)	Colorado tick fever (CTF)					No
usually rhinoviruses and coronaviruses	Common cold (Acute viral rhinopharyngitis; Acute coryza)	Cough, runny nose, sneezing, nasal congestion, and a sore throat	Based on symptoms	Supportive care		No
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)	Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)	Fever, cough, loss of taste and smell				Yes
Coxsackie B virus	Coxsackie B virus infection	Fever, headache, sore throat, gastrointestinal distress, extreme fatigue as well as chest and muscle pain	Enterovirus infection is diagnosed mainly via serological tests such as ELISA and from cell culture.	There is no well-accepted treatment for the Coxsackie B group of viruses.		Under research^[12]
PRNP	Creutzfeldt–Jakob disease (CJD)	Memory loss, behavioral changes, poor coordination				No
Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus	Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever (CCHF)					No
Cryptococcus neoformans	Cryptococcosis	Cough, shortness of breath, chest pain and fever	India ink of the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)	Intravenous Amphotericin B combined with flucytosine by mouth		No
Cryptosporidium species	Cryptosporidiosis	Gastrointestinal and respiratory symptoms				No
usually Ancylostoma braziliense; multiple other parasites	Cutaneous larva migrans (CLM)					No
Cyclospora cayetanensis	Cyclosporiasis					No
Taenia solium	Cysticercosis					No
Cytomegalovirus	Cytomegalovirus infection	Fatigue, swollen glands, fever, sore throat, muscle aches	Blood and urine tests, biopsy	Cidofovir, foscarnet, ganciclovir, valganciclovir		Under research^[13]
Dengue viruses (DEN-1, DEN-2, DEN-3 and DEN-4) – Flaviviruses	Dengue fever	Sudden-onset fever, headache, muscle and joint pains, and a rash	Clinical diagnosis	Treatment depends on the symptoms.		Yes
Green algae Desmodesmus armatus	Desmodesmus infection					No
Dientamoeba fragilis	Dientamoebiasis					No
Corynebacterium diphtheriae	Diphtheria	fever of 38 °C (100.4 °F) or above; chills; fatigue; bluish skin coloration (cyanosis); sore throat; hoarseness; cough; headache; difficulty swallowing; painful swallowing; difficulty breathing; rapid breathing; foul-smelling and bloodstained nasal discharge; and lymphadenopathy	Laboratory criteria Isolation of C. diphtheriae culture Histopathologic diagnosis Toxin demonstration In vivo tests (guinea pig inoculation) In vitro test: Elek's gel precipitation test, PCR, ELISA, ICA Clinical criteria URT illness with sore throat Low-grade fever An adherent, dense, grey pseudomembrane covering the posterior aspect of the pharynx	Metronidazole, Erythromycin, Procaine penicillin G		Yes
Diphyllobothrium	Diphyllobothriasis					No
Dracunculus medinensis	Dracunculiasis	Burning pain, blister from which worm emerges			Undergoing worldwide eradication	No
Eastern equine encephalitis virus	Eastern equine encephalitis (EEE)	High fever, muscle pain, altered mental status, headache, meningeal irritation, photophobia, and seizures	Blood tests	Corticosteroids, anticonvulsants, and supportive measures (treating symptoms)		Under research^[14]
Ebolavirus (EBOV)	Ebola hemorrhagic fever	Flu-like symptoms, severe internal and external bleeding				Yes
Echinococcus species	Echinococcosis		Imaging, Serology test	Surgical removal of the cysts combined with chemotherapy		No
Ehrlichia species	Ehrlichiosis					Under research^[15]
Enterobius vermicularis	Enterobiasis (Pinworm infection)	Anal itching that gets worse at night, disturbed sleep				No
Enterococcus species	Enterococcus infection					No
Enterovirus species	Enterovirus infection					No
Rickettsia prowazekii	Epidemic typhus					No
Parvovirus B19	Erythema infectiosum (Fifth disease)					No
Human herpesvirus 6 (HHV-6) and human herpesvirus 7 (HHV-7)	Exanthem subitum (Sixth disease)					No
Fasciola hepatica and Fasciola gigantica	Fasciolasis					No
Fasciolopsis buski	Fasciolopsiasis					No
PRNP	Fatal familial insomnia (FFI)	Severe insomnia followed by dementia, hallucinations, and death				No
Filarioidea superfamily	Filariasis					No
Clostridium perfringens	Food poisoning by Clostridium perfringens	Diarrhea, vomiting, and fever	Stool test	Supportive care		No
multiple	Free-living amebic infection					No
Fusobacterium species	Fusobacterium infection					No
usually Clostridium perfringens; other Clostridium species	Gas gangrene (Clostridial myonecrosis)	Discoloration, large black blisters, foul odor, pain and numbness				No
Geotrichum candidum	Geotrichosis					No
PRNP	Gerstmann-Sträussler-Scheinker syndrome (GSS)					No
Giardia lamblia	Giardiasis	Symptoms vary from none to severe diarrhea with poor absorption of nutrients.	Detection of antigens on the surface of organisms in stool	Treatment is not always necessary. If medications are needed, a nitroimidazole medication is used such as metronidazole, tinidazole, secnidazole or ornidazole.		No
Burkholderia mallei	Glanders					No
Gnathostoma spinigerum and Gnathostoma hispidum	Gnathostomiasis					No
Neisseria gonorrhoeae	Gonorrhea	Swelling, itching, pain, and the formation of pus	Gram stain and culture	Ceftriaxone by injection and azithromycin by mouth		Under research^[16]
Klebsiella granulomatis	Granuloma inguinale (Donovanosis)					No
Streptococcus pyogenes	Group A streptococcal infection	impetigo, cellulitis, and erysipelas – infections of the skin which can be complicated by necrotizing fasciitis – skin, fascia and muscle strep throat AKA strep pharyngitis – pharynx	Culture	Penicillin		No
Streptococcus agalactiae	Group B streptococcal infection	Pneumonia: fever, lung consolidation, pleural effusion, tachypnea, tachycardia, or hypotension Meningitis: fever, confusion, hypotension, headache, nuchal rigidity, or changing mental status Bacteremia: fever, murmur, evidence of an embolic event, hypotension, phlebitis, tachycardia, tachypnea, splenomegaly, or evidence of heart failure Skin and soft tissue infection, osteomyelitis, septic arthritis, or discitis: fever, cellulitis, arthritis, arthralgia, localized pain, decubitus ulcer, vascular insufficiency of the lower extremity, back pain, wound infection, or neurologic dysfunction Urinary tract infection or pelvic abscess: fever, flank pain, pelvic pain, or abdominal pain	Gram stain	Penicillin and ampicillin		No
Haemophilus influenzae	Haemophilus influenzae infection	Pain, fever	Gram stain	In severe cases, cefotaxime and ceftriaxone delivered directly into the bloodstream are the elected antibiotics, and, for the less severe cases, an association of ampicillin and sulbactam, cephalosporins of the second and third generation, or fluoroquinolones are preferred.		Yes
Enteroviruses, mainly Coxsackie A virus and enterovirus 71 (EV71)	Hand, foot and mouth disease (HFMD)	Fever, rash, small blisters	A diagnosis usually can be made by the presenting signs and symptoms alone. If the diagnosis is unclear, a throat swab or stool specimen may be taken to identify the virus by culture.	Medications are usually not needed as hand, foot, and mouth disease is a viral disease that typically resolves on its own. Currently, there is no specific curative treatment for hand, foot and mouth disease.		Under research^[17]^[18]
Sin Nombre virus	Hantavirus Pulmonary Syndrome (HPS)					No
Heartland virus	Heartland virus disease					No
Helicobacter pylori	Helicobacter pylori infection	Stomach ulcers				No
Escherichia coli O157:H7, O111 and O104:H4	Hemolytic-uremic syndrome (HUS)	thrombocytopenia and microangiopathic hemolysis, plus one or more of the following: neurological symptoms (e.g., confusion, cerebral convulsions, seizures); renal impairment (e.g., elevated creatinine, decreased estimated glomerular filtration rate [eGFR], abnormal urinalysis); and gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms (e.g., diarrhea, nausea/vomiting, abdominal pain, gastroenteritis).	First diagnosis of aHUS is often made in the context of an initial, complement-triggering infection, and Shiga-toxin has also been implicated as a trigger that identifies patients with aHUS.	Treatment involves supportive care and may include dialysis, steroids, blood transfusions, and plasmapheresis.		No
Bunyaviridae species	Hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS)	Redness of cheeks and nose, fever, chills, sweaty palms, diarrhea, malaise, headaches, nausea, abdominal and back pain, respiratory problems	HFRS is difficult to diagnose on clinical grounds alone and serological evidence is often needed.	There is no cure for HFRS. Treatment involves supportive therapy including renal dialysis.		No
Hendra virus	Hendra virus infection					No
Hepatitis A virus	Hepatitis A	Nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, dark urine, jaundice, fever, abdominal pain	Blood tests	Supportive care, liver transplantation		Yes
Hepatitis B virus	Hepatitis B	None, yellowish skin, tiredness, dark urine, abdominal pain	Blood tests	Antiviral medication (tenofovir, interferon), liver transplantation		Yes
Hepatitis C virus	Hepatitis C	Typically none	Blood testing for antibodies or viral RNA	Antivirals (sofosbuvir, simeprevir, others)		Under research^[19]
Hepatitis D Virus	Hepatitis D	Feeling tired, nausea and vomiting	Immunoglobulin G	Antivirals, pegylated interferon alpha		No
Hepatitis E virus	Hepatitis E	Nausea, jaundice	Hepatitis E virus (HEV)	Rest, ribavirin (if chronic)		Yes
Herpes simplex virus 1 and 2 (HSV-1 and HSV-2)	Herpes simplex	Blisters on genitalia and lips	Based on symptoms, PCR, viral culture	Aciclovir, valaciclovir, paracetamol (acetaminophen), topical lidocaine		No
Histoplasma capsulatum	Histoplasmosis	Nonspecific respiratory symptoms, often cough or flu-like	Histoplasmosis can be diagnosed by samples containing the fungus taken from sputum (via bronchoalveolar lavage), blood, or infected organs. It can also be diagnosed by detection of antigens in blood or urine samples by ELISA or polymerase chain reaction.	In the majority of immunocompetent individuals, histoplasmosis resolves without any treatment. Antifungal medications are used to treat severe cases of acute histoplasmosis and all cases of chronic and disseminated disease. Typical treatment of severe disease first involves treatment with amphotericin B, followed by oral itraconazole.		No
Ancylostoma duodenale and Necator americanus	Hookworm infection					Under research^[20]
Human bocavirus (HBoV)	Human bocavirus infection					No
Ehrlichia ewingii	Human ewingii ehrlichiosis	Fever, headache, myalgias, and malaise	The diagnosis can be confirmed by using PCR. A peripheral blood smear can also be examined for intracytoplasmic inclusions called morulae.	Doxycycline		No
Anaplasma phagocytophilum	Human granulocytic anaplasmosis (HGA)	fever severe headache muscle aches (myalgia) chills and shaking, similar to the symptoms of influenza nausea vomiting loss of appetite unintentional weight loss abdominal pain cough	PCR	Doxycycline		No
Human metapneumovirus (hMPV)	Human metapneumovirus infection					No
Ehrlichia chaffeensis	Human monocytic ehrlichiosis	Fever, headache, malaise, and muscle aches (myalgia).	PCR	Doxycycline		No
One of the human papillomaviruses	Human papillomavirus (HPV) infection	Warts				Yes
Human parainfluenza viruses (HPIV)	Human parainfluenza virus infection					Under research^[21]^[22]
Human T-lymphotropic virus 1 (HTLV-1)	Human T-lymphotropic virus 1 infection					Under research^[23]^[24]
Hymenolepis nana and Hymenolepis diminuta	Hymenolepiasis	Abdominal pain, loss of appetite, itching around the anus, irritability, and diarrhea	Examination of the stool for eggs and parasites	Praziquantel, niclosamide		No
Epstein–Barr virus (EBV)	Epstein–Barr virus infectious mononucleosis (Mono)	Fever – usually lasting 14 days; often mild Sore throat – usually severe for 3–5 days, before resolving in the next 7–10 days. Swollen glands –  mobile; usually located around the back of the neck (posterior cervical lymph nodes) and sometimes throughout the body.	Diagnostic modalities for infectious mononucleosis include: Person's age, with highest risk at 10 to 30 years. Medical history, such as close contact with other people with infectious mononucleosis, and the presence and time of onset of "mononucleosis-like symptoms" such as fever and sore throat.^[citation needed] Physical examination, including palpation of any enlarged lymph nodes in the neck, or enlarged spleen. The heterophile antibody test is a screening test that gives results within a day, but has significantly less than full sensitivity (70–92%) in the first two weeks after clinical symptoms begin. Serological tests take longer time than the heterophile antibody test, but are more accurate.	Infectious mononucleosis is generally self-limiting, so only symptomatic or supportive treatments are used.		Under research^[25]
Orthomyxoviridae species	Influenza (flu)	The onset of symptoms is sudden, and initial symptoms are predominately non-specific, including fever, chills, headaches, muscle pain or aching, a feeling of discomfort, loss of appetite, lack of energy/fatigue, and confusion. These symptoms are usually accompanied by respiratory symptoms such as a dry cough, sore or dry throat, hoarse voice, and a stuffy or runny nose.	Diagnostic methods that can identify influenza include viral cultures, antibody- and antigen-detecting tests, and nucleic acid-based tests.	Treatment of influenza in cases of mild or moderate illness is supportive and includes anti-fever medications such as acetaminophen and ibuprofen, adequate fluid intake to avoid dehydration, and resting at home.		Under research^[26]
						Yes
Isospora belli	Isosporiasis	Infection causes acute, non-bloody diarrhea with crampy abdominal pain, which can last for weeks and result in malabsorption and weight loss	Microscopic demonstration of the large typically shaped oocysts is the basis for diagnosis. Because the oocysts may be passed in small amounts and intermittently, repeated stool examinations and concentration procedures are recommended. If stool examinations are negative, examination of duodenal specimens by biopsy or string test (Enterotest) may be needed. The oocysts can be visualized on wet mounts by microscopy with bright-field, differential interference contrast (DIC), and epifluorescence. They can also be stained by modified acid-fast stain.	Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole		No
Japanese encephalitis virus	Japanese encephalitis	Fever, headache and malaise, cachexia, hemiparesis, convulsions and a raised body temperature between 38–41 °C (100.4–105.8 °F), Mental retardation	Available tests detecting JE virus-specific IgM antibodies in serum and/or cerebrospinal fluid, for example by IgM capture ELISA.	Supportive		Yes
unknown; evidence supports that it is infectious	Kawasaki disease	Fever > 5 days, large lymph nodes, rash, sore throat, diarrhea	Based on symptoms, ultrasound of the heart	Aspirin, immunoglobulin		No
multiple	Keratitis			Treatment depends on the cause of the keratitis. Infectious keratitis can progress rapidly, and generally requires urgent antibacterial, antifungal, or antiviral therapy to eliminate the pathogen. Antibacterial solutions include levofloxacin, gatifloxacin, moxifloxacin, ofloxacin. It is unclear if steroid eye drops are useful or not		No
Kingella kingae	Kingella kingae infection					No
PRNP	Kuru	Body tremors, random outbursts of laughter, gradual loss of coordination	Autopsy	None		No
Lassa virus	Lassa fever	Partial or complete, temporary or permanent hearing loss	Laboratory testing	Supportive		No
Legionella pneumophila	Legionellosis (Legionnaires' disease)	Cough, shortness of breath, fever, muscle pains, headaches	Urinary antigen test, sputum culture	Effective antibiotics include most macrolides, tetracyclines, ketolides, and quinolones.		No
Legionella pneumophila	Pontiac fever					No
Leishmania species	Leishmaniasis	Skin ulcers, fever, low red blood cells, enlarged liver	Leishmaniasis is diagnosed in the hematology laboratory by direct visualization of the amastigotes (Leishman–Donovan bodies). Buffy-coat preparations of peripheral blood or aspirates from marrow, spleen, lymph nodes, or skin lesions should be spread on a slide to make a thin smear and stained with Leishman stain or Giemsa stain (pH 7.2) for 20 minutes.	For visceral leishmaniasis in India, South America, and the Mediterranean, liposomal amphotericin B is the recommended treatment and is often used as a single dose. Rates of cure with a single dose of amphotericin have been reported as 95%. In India, almost all infections are resistant to pentavalent antimonials. In Africa, a combination of pentavalent antimonials and paromomycin is recommended. These, however, can have significant side effects. Miltefosine, an oral medication, is effective against both visceral and cutaneous leishmaniasis.		Under research^[27]
Mycobacterium leprae and Mycobacterium lepromatosis	Leprosy	Numbness, small nodules, deformation of extremities	In countries where people are frequently infected, a person is considered to have leprosy if they have one of the following two signs: Skin lesion consistent with leprosy and with definite sensory loss. Positive skin smears.	Rifampicin, dapsone, clofazimine	Undergoing worldwide elimination of transmission^[28]	Under research^[29]
Leptospira species	Leptospirosis	None, headaches, muscle pains, fevers	Testing blood for antibodies against the bacterium or its DNA	Doxycycline, penicillin, ceftriaxone		Yes
Listeria monocytogenes	Listeriosis	Diarrhea, fever, headache	Culture of blood or spinal fluid	Ampicillin, gentamicin		No
Borrelia burgdorferi, Borrelia garinii, and Borrelia afzelii	Lyme disease (Lyme borreliosis)	Expanding area of redness at the site of a tick bite, fever, headache, tiredness	Based on symptoms, tick exposure, blood tests	Doxycycline, amoxicillin, ceftriaxone, cefuroxime		Under research^[30]
Wuchereria bancrofti and Brugia malayi	Lymphatic filariasis (Elephantiasis)	Severe swelling of extremities, thickened skin	Microscopic examination of blood	Albendazole with ivermectin or diethylcarbamazine	Undergoing worldwide elimination^[31]	No
Lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV)	Lymphocytic choriomeningitis	Fever, lack of appetite, headache, muscle aches, malaise, nausea, and/or vomiting	Blood test	Symptomatic and supportive		No
Plasmodium species	Malaria	Headache, fever, shivering, joint pain, vomiting, hemolytic anemia, jaundice, hemoglobin in the urine, retinal damage, and convulsions	Examination of the blood, antigen detection tests	Antimalarial medication	Undergoing worldwide eradication	Yes
Marburg virus	Marburg hemorrhagic fever (MHF)	Fever, weakness, myalgias	Blood test	Supportive		Under research^[32]
Measles virus	Measles	Fever, cough, runny nose, red Fever, cough, runny nose, inflamed eyes, rash	Typically, clinical diagnosis begins with the onset of fever and malaise about 10 days after exposure to the measles virus, followed by the emergence of cough, coryza, and conjunctivitis that worsen in severity over 4 days of appearing. Observation of Koplik's spots is also diagnostic.	Supportive care	Undergoing regional elimination^[33]	Yes
Middle East respiratory syndrome–related coronavirus	Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS)	Fever, cough, shortness of breath	rRT-PCR testing	Symptomatic and supportive		Under research^[34]
Burkholderia pseudomallei	Melioidosis (Whitmore's disease)	None, fever, pneumonia, multiple abscesses	Growing the bacteria in culture mediums	Ceftazidime, meropenem, co-trimoxazole		No
multiple	Meningitis	Fever, headache, neck stiffness	Lumbar puncture	Antibiotics, antivirals, steroids		No
Neisseria meningitidis	Meningococcal disease	Flu-like symptoms, stiff neck, altered mental status, seizures, purpura		Treatment in primary care usually involves prompt intramuscular administration of benzylpenicillin, and then an urgent transfer to hospital (hopefully, an academic level I medical center, or at least a hospital with round the clock neurological care, ideally with neurological intensive and critical care units) for further care. Once in the hospital, the antibiotics of choice are usually IV broad spectrum 3rd generation cephalosporins, e.g., cefotaxime or ceftriaxone. Benzylpenicillin and chloramphenicol are also effective.		Yes
usually Metagonimus yokagawai	Metagonimiasis	Diarrhea and colicky abdominal pain	Metagonimiasis is diagnosed by eggs seen in feces.	Praziquantel		No
Microsporidia phylum	Microsporidiosis		PCR	Fumagillin has been used in the treatment. Another agent used is albendazole.		No
Molluscum contagiosum virus (MCV)	Molluscum contagiosum (MC)	Small, raised, pink lesions with a dimple in the center	Based on appearance	Cimetidine, podophyllotoxin		No
Monkeypox virus	Monkeypox	Fever, headache, muscle pains, shivering, blistering rash, swollen lymph nodes	Testing for viral DNA	Supportive, antivirals, vaccinia immune globulin		Yes
Mumps virus	Mumps	Parotitis and non-specific symptoms such as fever, headache, malaise, muscle pain, and loss of appetite	Antibody testing, viral cultures, and reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction	Supportive		Yes
Rickettsia typhi	Murine typhus (Endemic typhus)	Headache, fever, muscle pain, joint pain, nausea and vomiting	Early diagnosis continued to be based on clinical suspicion.	The most effective antibiotics include tetracycline and chloramphenicol.		No
Mycoplasma pneumoniae	Mycoplasma pneumonia	Fever, malaise, cough, headache	Chest X-Ray, Chest CT, blood test	Erythromycin, doxycycline		No
Mycoplasma genitalium	Mycoplasma genitalium infection	Discharge and pain from genitals	Nucleic acid amplification test	Azithromycin, moxifloxacin		No
numerous species of bacteria (Actinomycetoma) and fungi (Eumycetoma)	Mycetoma	Triad: painless firm skin lump, multiple weeping sinuses, grainy discharge	Ultrasound, fine needle aspiration	Antibiotics or antifungal medication		No
parasitic dipterous fly larvae	Myiasis	Boil with larva inside	Examination and serologic testing	Petroleum jelly over the central punctum		No
most commonly Chlamydia trachomatis and Neisseria gonorrhoeae	Neonatal conjunctivitis (Ophthalmia neonatorum)			Antibiotic ointment (erythromycin, tetracycline, or rarely silver nitrate or Argyrol)		No
Nipah virus	Nipah virus infection					Under research^[35]
Norovirus	Norovirus	Diarrhea, vomiting, stomach pain, headache	Based on symptoms	Supportive care		Under research^[36]
PRNP	(New) Variant Creutzfeldt–Jakob disease (vCJD, nvCJD)					No
usually Nocardia asteroides and other Nocardia species	Nocardiosis	Pulmonary infection Night sweats, fever, cough, chest pain Neurological infection Headache, lethargy, confusion, seizures, sudden onset of neurological deficit Cardiac conditions In recorded cases, it has caused damage to heart valves whether natural or prosthetic Lymphocutaneous disease Nocardial cellulitis is akin to erysipelas but is less acute Ocular disease Very rarely, nocardiae cause keratitis Disseminated nocardiosis Fever, moderate or very high can be seen	chest x-ray to analyze the lungs, a bronchoscopy, a brain/lung/skin biopsy, or a sputum culture.	trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole or high doses of sulfonamides		No
Onchocerca volvulus	Onchocerciasis (River blindness)				Undergoing elimination in the WHO regions of the Americas and Africa^[37]	Under research^[38]
Opisthorchis viverrini and Opisthorchis felineus	Opisthorchiasis					No
Paracoccidioides brasiliensis	Paracoccidioidomycosis (South American blastomycosis)					No
usually Paragonimus westermani and other Paragonimus species	Paragonimiasis					No
Pasteurella species	Pasteurellosis					No
Pediculus humanus capitis	Pediculosis capitis (Head lice)	Itching, nits attached to hair				No
Pediculus humanus corporis	Pediculosis corporis (Body lice)					No
Pthirus pubis	Pediculosis pubis (pubic lice, crab lice)					No
multiple	Pelvic inflammatory disease (PID)	Lower abdominal pain, vaginal discharge, fever, burning with urination, pain with sex, irregular menstruation	Based on symptoms, ultrasound, laparoscopic surgery	Typical regimens include cefoxitin or cefotetan plus doxycycline, and clindamycin plus gentamicin.		No
Bordetella pertussis	Pertussis (whooping cough)	Severe coughing fits ending in gasps	Nasopharyngeal swab	erythromycin, clarithromycin, or azithromycin		Yes
Yersinia pestis	Plague	Fever, weakness, headache	Finding the bacterium in a lymph node, blood, sputum	Gentamicin and a fluoroquinolone		Under research^[7]
Streptococcus pneumoniae	Pneumococcal infection	Pneumococcal pneumonia, otitis media, bloodstream infections and bacterial meningitis.	Culture	cephalosporins, and fluoroquinolones such as levofloxacin and moxifloxacin		Yes
Pneumocystis jirovecii	Pneumocystis pneumonia (PCP)	shortness of breath and/or difficulty breathing (of gradual onset), fever, dry/non-productive cough, weight loss, night sweats	chest X-ray and an arterial oxygen level	trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole		No
multiple	Pneumonia	Cough, shortness of breath, chest pain, fever	Based on symptoms, chest X-ray	Antibiotics, antivirals, oxygen therapy		No
Poliovirus	Poliomyelitis	Fever, sore throat	Finding the virus in the feces or antibodies in the blood	supportive care	Undergoing worldwide eradication	Yes
Prevotella species	Prevotella infection					No
usually Naegleria fowleri	Primary amoebic meningoencephalitis (PAM)	Fever, vomiting, stiff neck, seizures, poor coordination, confusion, death	flagellation test	Miltefosine, fluconazole, amphotericin B, posaconazole, voriconazole, targeted temperature management		No
JC virus	Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy	clumsiness, progressive weakness, and visual, speech, and sometimes personality changes	finding JC virus DNA in spinal fluid, brain CT			No
Chlamydophila psittaci	Psittacosis	severe pneumonia	Culture	tetracyclines and chloramphenicol		No
Coxiella burnetii	Q fever	fever, malaise, profuse perspiration, severe headache, muscle pain, joint pain, loss of appetite, upper respiratory problems, dry cough, pleuritic pain, chills, confusion, and gastrointestinal symptoms, such as nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea	Based on serology	doxycycline, tetracycline, chloramphenicol, ciprofloxacin, and ofloxacin		Yes
Rabies virus	Rabies	Fever, extreme aversion to water, confusion, excessive salivary secretion, hallucinations, disrupted sleep, paralysis, coma, hyperactivity, headache, nausea, vomiting, anxiety	fluorescent antibody test (FAT)	Supportive care	Undergoing worldwide elimination in humans and animals^[39]	Yes
Borrelia hermsii, Borrelia recurrentis, and other Borrelia species	Relapsing fever	fever, chills, headaches, muscle or joint aches, and nausea	blood smear	Tetracycline-class antibiotics		No
Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV)	Respiratory syncytial virus infection	wide variety of signs and symptoms that range from mild upper respiratory tract infections (URTI) to severe and potentially life-threatening lower respiratory tract infections (LRTI)	A variety of laboratory tests	Treatment for RSV infection is focused primarily on supportive care.		Under research^[40]
Rhinosporidium seeberi	Rhinosporidiosis					No
Rhinovirus	Rhinovirus infection					No
Rickettsia species	Rickettsial infection					No
Rickettsia akari	Rickettsialpox					No
Rift Valley fever virus	Rift Valley fever (RVF)					No
Rickettsia rickettsii	Rocky Mountain spotted fever (RMSF)					No
Rotavirus	Rotavirus infection					Yes
Rubella virus	Rubella				Undergoing regional elimination^[41]	Yes
Salmonella species	Salmonellosis					No
SARS coronavirus	Severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS)					Under research^[42]
Sarcoptes scabiei	Scabies					No
Group A Streptococcus species	Scarlet fever					No
Schistosoma species	Schistosomiasis				Undergoing regional elimination and being eliminated as a public health problem^[43]	Under research^[44]
multiple	Sepsis					No
Shigella species	Shigellosis (bacillary dysentery)					No
Varicella zoster virus (VZV)	Shingles (Herpes zoster)					Yes^[45]
Variola major or Variola minor	Smallpox (variola)				Eradicated worldwide	Yes
Sporothrix schenckii	Sporotrichosis					No
Staphylococcus species	Staphylococcal food poisoning					No
Staphylococcus species	Staphylococcal infection					No
Strongyloides stercoralis	Strongyloidiasis					No
Measles virus	Subacute sclerosing panencephalitis					Yes
Treponema pallidum	Bejel, Syphilis, and Yaws				Yaws is undergoing worldwide eradication^[46]	Under research^[47]
Taenia species	Taeniasis					No
Clostridium tetani	Tetanus (lockjaw)					Yes
Tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV)	Tick-borne encephalitis					Yes
usually Trichophyton species	Tinea barbae (barber's itch)					No
usually Trichophyton tonsurans	Tinea capitis (ringworm of the scalp)					No
usually Trichophyton species	Tinea corporis (ringworm of the body)					No
usually Epidermophyton floccosum, Trichophyton rubrum, and Trichophyton mentagrophytes	Tinea cruris (Jock itch)					No
Trichophyton rubrum	Tinea manum (ringworm of the hand)					No
usually Hortaea werneckii	Tinea nigra					No
usually Trichophyton species	Tinea pedis (athlete's foot)					No
usually Trichophyton species	Tinea unguium (onychomycosis)					No
Malassezia species	Tinea versicolor (Pityriasis versicolor)					No
Staphylococcus aureus or Streptococcus pyogenes	Toxic shock syndrome (TSS)					Under research^[48]^[49]
Toxocara canis or Toxocara cati	Toxocariasis (ocular larva migrans (OLM))					No
Toxocara canis or Toxocara cati	Toxocariasis (visceral larva migrans (VLM))					No
Toxoplasma gondii	Toxoplasmosis					No
Chlamydia trachomatis	Trachoma				Undergoing regional elimination and worldwide elimination as a public health problem^[50]	No
Trichinella spiralis	Trichinosis					No
Trichomonas vaginalis	Trichomoniasis					No
Trichuris trichiura	Trichuriasis (whipworm infection)					No
usually Mycobacterium tuberculosis	Tuberculosis				Undergoing worldwide elimination as a public health problem	Yes
Francisella tularensis	Tularemia					Under research^[51]
Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica, serovar typhi	Typhoid fever					Yes
Rickettsia	Typhus fever					No
Ureaplasma urealyticum	Ureaplasma urealyticum infection					No
Coccidioides immitis or Coccidioides posadasii.^[52]	Valley fever					No
Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus	Venezuelan equine encephalitis					No
Guanarito virus	Venezuelan hemorrhagic fever					No
Vibrio vulnificus	Vibrio vulnificus infection					No
Vibrio parahaemolyticus	Vibrio parahaemolyticus enteritis					No
multiple viruses	Viral pneumonia					No
West Nile virus	West Nile fever					Under research^[53]
Trichosporon beigelii	White piedra (tinea blanca)					No
Yersinia pseudotuberculosis	Yersinia pseudotuberculosis infection					No
Yersinia enterocolitica	Yersiniosis					No
Yellow fever virus	Yellow fever					Yes
Zeaspora fungus	Zeaspora					No
Zika virus	Zika fever					Under research^[54]
Mucorales order (Mucormycosis) and Entomophthorales order (Entomophthoramycosis)	Zygomycosis					No

See also

• Infections associated with diseases
• List of oncogenic bacteria
• List of causes of death by rate − including specific infectious diseases and classes thereof
• List of human disease case fatality rates
• List of vaccine topics

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