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Pus

January 13, 2023

For other uses, see Pus (disambiguation).

Pus is an exudate, typically white-yellow, yellow, or yellow-brown, formed at the site of inflammation during bacterial or fungal infection.[1][2] An accumulation of pus in an enclosed tissue space is known as an abscess, whereas a visible collection of pus within or beneath the epidermis is known as a pustule, pimple or spot.

Description

Pus consists of a thin, protein-rich fluid (historically known as liquor puris[3][4]) and dead leukocytes from the body's immune response (mostly neutrophils).[5] During infection, macrophages release cytokines, which trigger neutrophils to seek the site of infection by chemotaxis. There, the neutrophils release granules, which destroy the bacteria. The bacteria resist the immune response by releasing toxins called leukocidins.[6] As the neutrophils die off from toxins and old age, they are destroyed by macrophages, forming the viscous pus. Bacteria that cause pus are called pyogenic.[6][7]

Although pus is normally of a whitish-yellow hue, changes in the color can be observed under certain circumstances. Pus is sometimes green because of the presence of myeloperoxidase, an intensely green antibacterial protein produced by some types of white blood cells. Green, foul-smelling pus is found in certain infections of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The greenish color is a result of the bacterial pigment pyocyanin that it produces. Amoebic abscesses of the liver produce brownish pus, which is described as looking like "anchovy paste". Pus from anaerobic infections can more often have a foul odor.[8]

In almost all cases when there is a collection of pus in the body, a clinician will try to create an opening to drain it. This principle has been distilled into the famous Latin aphorism "Ubi pus, ibi evacua" ("Where there is pus, evacuate it").

Some disease processes caused by pyogenic infections are impetigo,[9] osteomyelitis, septic arthritis and necrotizing fasciitis.

 
An abscess is an enclosed collection of pus.
 
Duodenoscopy image of hepatopancreatic ampulla with pus exuding from it, indicative of cholangitis

Pyogenic bacteria

A great many species of bacteria may be involved in the production of pus. The most commonly found include:[10]

Staphylococcus aureus bacteria is the most common cause of boils.

Historical terminology

In the pre-asepsis era, surgeon Frederick Treves (1853–1923) wrote, "Practically all major wounds suppurated. Pus was the most common subject of converse [among surgeons], because it was the most prominent feature in the surgeon's work. It was classified according to degrees of vileness." [11]: 347  But pus of the right kind was considered desirable.[12]: 80  "If a patient was lucky ... a thick cream-colored odorless fluid would appear within five or six days"; such "laudable" pus was considered "a sure sign that the wound would heal" [11]: 344  because it meant "Nature has put up a bold fight against the invader".[13] "On the other hand, if the pus gradually became watery, blood tinged and foul smelling, it was designated 'sanious' [14] [or 'ill-conditioned' ] [15] and the wound condition was considered unfavorable".[14] It later came to be understood that "laudable" pus generally implied an invasion of relatively benign staphylococcus, while "ill-conditioned" pus usually meant the more dangerous streptococcus was present.[11]: 345 [14]: 247 

See also

References

  1. ^ "Pus". dictionary.reference.com. Retrieved 2008-08-18.
  2. ^ "Pus – What Is Pus?". medicalnewstoday.com. Retrieved 2016-08-19.
  3. ^ British Medical Journal. British Medical Association. 1917. pp. 751–754.
  4. ^ Society, Louisiana State Medical (1846). Journal. p. 251.
  5. ^ Barer, M.R. (2012). "The natural history of infection". Medical Microbiology. Elsevier. pp. 168–173. doi:10.1016/b978-0-7020-4089-4.00029-9. ISBN 978-0-7020-4089-4.
  6. ^ a b Madigan, Michael T. and Martin, John M. Brock Biology of Microorganisms 11th ed. Pearson Prentice Hall. US. 2006: 734
  7. ^ "" at Dorland's Medical Dictionary
  8. ^ Topazian RG, Goldberg MH, Hupp JR (2002). Oral and maxillofacial infections (4 ed.). Philadelphia: W.B. Saunders. ISBN 978-0721692715.
  9. ^ "Infections Caused by Common Pyogenic Bacteria", Dermatopathology, Berlin Heidelberg: Springer, 2006, pp. 83–85, doi:10.1007/3-540-30244-1_12, ISBN 978-3-540-30245-2
  10. ^ Thompson, Alexis; Miles, Alexander (1921). "Pyogenic Bacteria". Manual of Surgery (6th ed.). Oxford Medical Publications. OCLC 335390813.
  11. ^ a b c Nuland, Sherwin B. (2011). Doctors: The Biography of Medicine. Knopf Doubleday. ISBN 978-0-307-80789-2.  
  12. ^ Van Hoosen, Bertha (Autumn 1947). "A Woman's Medical Training in the Eighties". Quarterly Review of the Michigan Alumnus: A Journal of University Perspectives. University of Michigan Libraries: 77–81. UOM:39015006945235.  
  13. ^ Scott, William (1922). An indexed system of veterinary treatment. Chicago: Eger. p. 603.  
  14. ^ a b c Schneider, Albert (1920). Pharmaceutical bacteriology (2nd ed.). P. Blakiston. p. 247.
  15. ^ Williams, Charles J. B. (1848). Principles of Medicine: Comprising General Pathology and Therapeutics, and a Brief General View of Etiology, Nosology, Semeiology, Diagnosis, and Prognosis: With Additions and Notes by Meredith Clymer. Churchill. p. 306.  

External links

  •   Media related to Pus at Wikimedia Commons

January 13, 2023
other, uses, disambiguation, exudate, typically, white, yellow, yellow, yellow, brown, formed, site, inflammation, during, bacterial, fungal, infection, accumulation, enclosed, tissue, space, known, abscess, whereas, visible, collection, within, beneath, epide. For other uses see Pus disambiguation Pus is an exudate typically white yellow yellow or yellow brown formed at the site of inflammation during bacterial or fungal infection 1 2 An accumulation of pus in an enclosed tissue space is known as an abscess whereas a visible collection of pus within or beneath the epidermis is known as a pustule pimple or spot PusEye with conjunctivitis exuding pusSpecialtyInfectious disease Contents 1 Description 2 Pyogenic bacteria 3 Historical terminology 4 See also 5 References 6 External linksDescription EditPus consists of a thin protein rich fluid historically known as liquor puris 3 4 and dead leukocytes from the body s immune response mostly neutrophils 5 During infection macrophages release cytokines which trigger neutrophils to seek the site of infection by chemotaxis There the neutrophils release granules which destroy the bacteria The bacteria resist the immune response by releasing toxins called leukocidins 6 As the neutrophils die off from toxins and old age they are destroyed by macrophages forming the viscous pus Bacteria that cause pus are called pyogenic 6 7 Although pus is normally of a whitish yellow hue changes in the color can be observed under certain circumstances Pus is sometimes green because of the presence of myeloperoxidase an intensely green antibacterial protein produced by some types of white blood cells Green foul smelling pus is found in certain infections of Pseudomonas aeruginosa The greenish color is a result of the bacterial pigment pyocyanin that it produces Amoebic abscesses of the liver produce brownish pus which is described as looking like anchovy paste Pus from anaerobic infections can more often have a foul odor 8 In almost all cases when there is a collection of pus in the body a clinician will try to create an opening to drain it This principle has been distilled into the famous Latin aphorism Ubi pus ibi evacua Where there is pus evacuate it Some disease processes caused by pyogenic infections are impetigo 9 osteomyelitis septic arthritis and necrotizing fasciitis An abscess is an enclosed collection of pus Duodenoscopy image of hepatopancreatic ampulla with pus exuding from it indicative of cholangitisPyogenic bacteria EditA great many species of bacteria may be involved in the production of pus The most commonly found include 10 Staphylococcus aureus Staphylococcus epidermidis Streptococcus pyogenes Escherichia coli Bacillus coli communis Streptococcus pneumoniae Fraenkel s pneumococcus Klebsiella pneumoniae Friedlander s bacillus Salmonella typhi Bacillus typhosus Pseudomonas aeruginosa Neisseria gonorrhoeae Actinomyces Burkholderia mallei Glanders bacillus Mycobacterium tuberculosis tubercle bacillus Staphylococcus aureus bacteria is the most common cause of boils Historical terminology EditIn the pre asepsis era surgeon Frederick Treves 1853 1923 wrote Practically all major wounds suppurated Pus was the most common subject of converse among surgeons because it was the most prominent feature in the surgeon s work It was classified according to degrees of vileness 11 347 But pus of the right kind was considered desirable 12 80 If a patient was lucky a thick cream colored odorless fluid would appear within five or six days such laudable pus was considered a sure sign that the wound would heal 11 344 because it meant Nature has put up a bold fight against the invader 13 On the other hand if the pus gradually became watery blood tinged and foul smelling it was designated sanious 14 or ill conditioned 15 and the wound condition was considered unfavorable 14 It later came to be understood that laudable pus generally implied an invasion of relatively benign staphylococcus while ill conditioned pus usually meant the more dangerous streptococcus was present 11 345 14 247 See also EditPyoderma Serous fluid Boil CarbuncleReferences Edit Pus dictionary reference com Retrieved 2008 08 18 Pus What Is Pus medicalnewstoday com Retrieved 2016 08 19 British Medical Journal British Medical Association 1917 pp 751 754 Society Louisiana State Medical 1846 Journal p 251 Barer M R 2012 The natural history of infection Medical Microbiology Elsevier pp 168 173 doi 10 1016 b978 0 7020 4089 4 00029 9 ISBN 978 0 7020 4089 4 a b Madigan Michael T and Martin John M Brock Biology of Microorganisms 11th ed Pearson Prentice Hall US 2006 734 pyogenic at Dorland s Medical Dictionary Topazian RG Goldberg MH Hupp JR 2002 Oral and maxillofacial infections 4 ed Philadelphia W B Saunders ISBN 978 0721692715 Infections Caused by Common Pyogenic Bacteria Dermatopathology Berlin Heidelberg Springer 2006 pp 83 85 doi 10 1007 3 540 30244 1 12 ISBN 978 3 540 30245 2 Thompson Alexis Miles Alexander 1921 Pyogenic Bacteria Manual of Surgery 6th ed Oxford Medical Publications OCLC 335390813 a b c Nuland Sherwin B 2011 Doctors The Biography of Medicine Knopf Doubleday ISBN 978 0 307 80789 2 Van Hoosen Bertha Autumn 1947 A Woman s Medical Training in the Eighties Quarterly Review of the Michigan Alumnus A Journal of University Perspectives University of Michigan Libraries 77 81 UOM 39015006945235 Scott William 1922 An indexed system of veterinary treatment Chicago Eger p 603 a b c Schneider Albert 1920 Pharmaceutical bacteriology 2nd ed P Blakiston p 247 Williams Charles J B 1848 Principles of Medicine Comprising General Pathology and Therapeutics and a Brief General View of Etiology Nosology Semeiology Diagnosis and Prognosis With Additions and Notes by Meredith Clymer Churchill p 306 External links Edit Media related to Pus at Wikimedia Commons Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Pus amp oldid 1102203183, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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