Tinea corporis is a fungal infection of the body, similar to other forms of tinea. Specifically, it is a type of dermatophytosis (or ringworm) that appears on the arms and legs, especially on glabrous skin; however, it may occur on any superficial part of the body.
It may have a variety of appearances; most easily identifiable are the enlarging raised red rings with a central area of clearing (ringworm).[3] The same appearances of ringworm may also occur on the scalp (tinea capitis), beard area (tinea barbae) or the groin (tinea cruris, known as jock itch or dhobi itch).
The edge of the rash appears elevated and is scaly to touch.
Sometimes the skin surrounding the rash may be dry and flaky.
Almost invariably, there will be hair loss in areas of the infection.[4]
Causes
Tinea corporis is caused by a tiny fungus known as dermatophyte. These tiny organisms normally live on the superficial skin surface, and when the opportunity is right, they can induce a rash or infection.[5]
The disease can also be acquired by person-to-person transfer usually via direct skin contact with an infected individual.[3] Animal-to-human transmission is also common. Ringworm commonly occurs on pets (dogs, cats) and the fungus can be acquired while petting or grooming an animal. Ringworm can also be acquired from other animals such as horses, pigs, ferrets, and cows. The fungus can also be spread by touching inanimate objects like personal care products, bed linen, combs, athletic gear, or hair brushes contaminated by an affected person.[3]
Individuals at high risk of acquiring ringworm include those who:
Sweat excessively, as sweat can produce a humid wet environment where the pathogenic fungi can thrive. This is most common in the armpits, groin creases and skin folds of the abdomen.
Superficial scrapes of skin examined underneath a microscope may reveal the presence of a fungus. This is done by utilizing a diagnostic method called KOH test,[6] wherein the skin scrapings are placed on a slide and immersed on a dropful of potassium hydroxide solution to dissolve the keratin on the skin scrappings thus leaving fungal elements such as hyphae, septate or yeast cells viewable. If the skin scrapings are negative and a fungus is still suspected, the scrapings are sent for culture. Because the fungus grows slowly, the culture results do take several days to become positive.[7]
Tinea Corporis, right buttock
Prevention
Because fungi prefer warm, moist environments, preventing ringworm involves keeping skin dry and avoiding contact with infectious material. Basic prevention measures include:
Washing hands after handling animals, soil, and plants.
Avoiding touching characteristic lesions on other people.
Wearing loose-fitting clothing.
Practicing good hygiene when participating in sports that involve physical contact with other people.[5]
Treatment
Most cases are treated by application of topical antifungal creams to the skin, but in extensive or difficult to treat cases, systemic treatment with oral medication may be required. The over-the-counter options include tolnaftate, as well as ketoconazole (available as Nizoral shampoo that can be applied topically).
Topical antifungals are applied to the lesion twice a day for at least 3 weeks. The lesion usually resolves within 2 weeks, but therapy should be continued for another week to ensure the fungus is completely eradicated. If there are several ringworm lesions, the lesions are extensive, complications such as secondary infection exist, or the patient is immunocompromised, oral antifungal medications can be used. Oral medications are taken once a day for 7 days and result in higher clinical cure rates. The antifungal medications most commonly used are itraconazole, terbinafine, and ketoconazole.[5][9]
The benefits of the use of topical steroids in addition to an antifungal is unclear.[8] There might be a greater cure rate but no guidelines currently recommend its addition.[8] The effect of Whitfield's ointment is also unclear.[8]
Prognosis
Tinea corporis is moderately contagious and can affect both humans and pets. If a person acquires it, the proper measures must be taken to prevent it from spreading. Young children in particular should be educated about the infection and preventive measures: avoid skin to skin contact with infected persons and animals, wear clothing that allows the skin to breathe, and do not share towels, clothing or combs with others. If pets are kept in the household or premises, the animal should be checked for tinea,[10] especially if hair loss in patches is noticed or the pet is scratching excessively. The majority of people who have acquired tinea know how uncomfortable the infection can be. However, the fungus can easily be treated and prevented in individuals with a healthy immune system.[4][9]
Society and culture
When the dermatophytic infection presents in wrestlers, with skin lesions typically found on the head, neck, and arms it is sometimes called tinea corporis gladiatorum.[11][12]
^ abBolognia, Jean; Jorizzo, Joseph L.; Rapini, Ronald P. (2007). Dermatology (2nd ed.). St. Louis, Mo.: Mosby Elsevier. p. 1135. ISBN978-1-4160-2999-1. OCLC 212399895.
^James, William D.; Berger, Timothy G.; Elston, Dirk M.; Odom, Richard B. (2006). Andrews' Diseases of the Skin: Clinical Dermatology (10th ed.). Philadelphia: Saunders Elsevier. p. 302. ISBN978-0-8089-2351-0. OCLC 62736861.
^ abcLikness, LP (June 2011). "Common dermatologic infections in athletes and return-to-play guidelines". The Journal of the American Osteopathic Association. 111 (6): 373–379. doi:10.7556/jaoa.2011.111.6.373. PMID 21771922.
^ abBerman, Kevin (2008-10-03). "Tinea corporis - All Information". Multi Media Medical Encyclopedia. University of Maryland Medical Center. Retrieved 2011-07-19.
^Khalid, Mohamed (2019). "LABORATORY DIAGNOSIS OF THE CAUSATIVE DERMATOPHYTES OF TINEA CAPITIS". World Journal of Pharmaceutical Research. 8 (6): 85-99. Retrieved 23 March 2021.
^ abcdEl-Gohary, M; van Zuuren, EJ; Fedorowicz, Z; Burgess, H; Doney, L; Stuart, B; Moore, M; Little, P (Aug 4, 2014). "Topical antifungal treatments for tinea cruris and tinea corporis". The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. 8 (8): CD009992. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD009992.pub2. PMID 25090020.
^"Fungus Infections: Tinea". Dermatologic Disease Database. American Osteopathic College of Dermataology. Retrieved 2011-07-19.
^Rapini, Ronald P.; Bolognia, Jean L.; Jorizzo, Joseph L. (2007). Dermatology: 2-Volume Set. St. Louis: Mosby. ISBN978-1-4160-2999-1.
^Adams BB (August 2002). "Tinea corporis gladiatorum". J. Am. Acad. Dermatol. 47 (2): 286–90. doi:10.1067/mjd.2002.120603. PMID 12140477.
External links
January 07, 2023
tinea, corporis, fungal, infection, body, similar, other, forms, tinea, specifically, type, dermatophytosis, ringworm, that, appears, arms, legs, especially, glabrous, skin, however, occur, superficial, part, body, other, namesringworm, tinea, circinata, tinea. Tinea corporis is a fungal infection of the body similar to other forms of tinea Specifically it is a type of dermatophytosis or ringworm that appears on the arms and legs especially on glabrous skin however it may occur on any superficial part of the body Tinea corporisOther namesRingworm 1 tinea circinata 2 tinea glabrosa 1 This patient presented with ringworm on the arm or tinea corporis due to Trichophyton mentagrophytes SpecialtyDermatology Contents 1 Signs and symptoms 2 Causes 3 Diagnosis 4 Prevention 5 Treatment 6 Prognosis 7 Society and culture 8 See also 9 References 10 External linksSigns and symptoms EditIt may have a variety of appearances most easily identifiable are the enlarging raised red rings with a central area of clearing ringworm 3 The same appearances of ringworm may also occur on the scalp tinea capitis beard area tinea barbae or the groin tinea cruris known as jock itch or dhobi itch Other classic features of tinea corporis include Itching occurs on infected area The edge of the rash appears elevated and is scaly to touch Sometimes the skin surrounding the rash may be dry and flaky Almost invariably there will be hair loss in areas of the infection 4 Causes EditTinea corporis is caused by a tiny fungus known as dermatophyte These tiny organisms normally live on the superficial skin surface and when the opportunity is right they can induce a rash or infection 5 The disease can also be acquired by person to person transfer usually via direct skin contact with an infected individual 3 Animal to human transmission is also common Ringworm commonly occurs on pets dogs cats and the fungus can be acquired while petting or grooming an animal Ringworm can also be acquired from other animals such as horses pigs ferrets and cows The fungus can also be spread by touching inanimate objects like personal care products bed linen combs athletic gear or hair brushes contaminated by an affected person 3 Individuals at high risk of acquiring ringworm include those who Live in crowded humid conditions Sweat excessively as sweat can produce a humid wet environment where the pathogenic fungi can thrive This is most common in the armpits groin creases and skin folds of the abdomen Participate in close contact sports like soccer rugby or wrestling Wear tight constrictive clothing with poor aeration Have a weakened immune system e g those infected with HIV or taking immunosuppressive drugs Diagnosis EditSuperficial scrapes of skin examined underneath a microscope may reveal the presence of a fungus This is done by utilizing a diagnostic method called KOH test 6 wherein the skin scrapings are placed on a slide and immersed on a dropful of potassium hydroxide solution to dissolve the keratin on the skin scrappings thus leaving fungal elements such as hyphae septate or yeast cells viewable If the skin scrapings are negative and a fungus is still suspected the scrapings are sent for culture Because the fungus grows slowly the culture results do take several days to become positive 7 Tinea Corporis right buttockPrevention EditBecause fungi prefer warm moist environments preventing ringworm involves keeping skin dry and avoiding contact with infectious material Basic prevention measures include Washing hands after handling animals soil and plants Avoiding touching characteristic lesions on other people Wearing loose fitting clothing Practicing good hygiene when participating in sports that involve physical contact with other people 5 Treatment EditMost cases are treated by application of topical antifungal creams to the skin but in extensive or difficult to treat cases systemic treatment with oral medication may be required The over the counter options include tolnaftate as well as ketoconazole available as Nizoral shampoo that can be applied topically Among the available prescription drugs the evidence is best for terbinafine and naftifine but other agents may also work 8 Topical antifungals are applied to the lesion twice a day for at least 3 weeks The lesion usually resolves within 2 weeks but therapy should be continued for another week to ensure the fungus is completely eradicated If there are several ringworm lesions the lesions are extensive complications such as secondary infection exist or the patient is immunocompromised oral antifungal medications can be used Oral medications are taken once a day for 7 days and result in higher clinical cure rates The antifungal medications most commonly used are itraconazole terbinafine and ketoconazole 5 9 The benefits of the use of topical steroids in addition to an antifungal is unclear 8 There might be a greater cure rate but no guidelines currently recommend its addition 8 The effect of Whitfield s ointment is also unclear 8 Prognosis EditTinea corporis is moderately contagious and can affect both humans and pets If a person acquires it the proper measures must be taken to prevent it from spreading Young children in particular should be educated about the infection and preventive measures avoid skin to skin contact with infected persons and animals wear clothing that allows the skin to breathe and do not share towels clothing or combs with others If pets are kept in the household or premises the animal should be checked for tinea 10 especially if hair loss in patches is noticed or the pet is scratching excessively The majority of people who have acquired tinea know how uncomfortable the infection can be However the fungus can easily be treated and prevented in individuals with a healthy immune system 4 9 Society and culture EditWhen the dermatophytic infection presents in wrestlers with skin lesions typically found on the head neck and arms it is sometimes called tinea corporis gladiatorum 11 12 See also EditFungal folliculitisReferences Edit a b Bolognia Jean Jorizzo Joseph L Rapini Ronald P 2007 Dermatology 2nd ed St Louis Mo Mosby Elsevier p 1135 ISBN 978 1 4160 2999 1 OCLC 212399895 James William D Berger Timothy G Elston Dirk M Odom Richard B 2006 Andrews Diseases of the Skin Clinical Dermatology 10th ed Philadelphia Saunders Elsevier p 302 ISBN 978 0 8089 2351 0 OCLC 62736861 a b c Likness LP June 2011 Common dermatologic infections in athletes and return to play guidelines The Journal of the American Osteopathic Association 111 6 373 379 doi 10 7556 jaoa 2011 111 6 373 PMID 21771922 a b Berman Kevin 2008 10 03 Tinea corporis All Information Multi Media Medical Encyclopedia University of Maryland Medical Center Retrieved 2011 07 19 a b c Brannon Heather 2010 03 08 Ringworm Tinea Corporis About com Dermatology About com Retrieved 2011 07 19 MedlinePlus Encyclopedia Skin lesion KOH exam Khalid Mohamed 2019 LABORATORY DIAGNOSIS OF THE CAUSATIVE DERMATOPHYTES OF TINEA CAPITIS World Journal of Pharmaceutical Research 8 6 85 99 Retrieved 23 March 2021 a b c d El Gohary M van Zuuren EJ Fedorowicz Z Burgess H Doney L Stuart B Moore M Little P Aug 4 2014 Topical antifungal treatments for tinea cruris and tinea corporis The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 8 8 CD009992 doi 10 1002 14651858 CD009992 pub2 PMID 25090020 a b Gupta Aditya K Chaudhry Maria Elewski Boni July 2003 Tinea corporis tinea cruris tinea nigra and piedra Dermatologic Clinics Philadelphia Elsevier Health Sciences Division 21 3 395 400 doi 10 1016 S0733 8635 03 00031 7 ISSN 0733 8635 OCLC 8649114 PMID 12956194 Fungus Infections Tinea Dermatologic Disease Database American Osteopathic College of Dermataology Retrieved 2011 07 19 Rapini Ronald P Bolognia Jean L Jorizzo Joseph L 2007 Dermatology 2 Volume Set St Louis Mosby ISBN 978 1 4160 2999 1 Adams BB August 2002 Tinea corporis gladiatorum J Am Acad Dermatol 47 2 286 90 doi 10 1067 mjd 2002 120603 PMID 12140477 External links Edit Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Tinea corporis amp oldid 1121904771, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
