Globally, approximately 939 million corresponding to 1 in 8 individuals have ever experienced HEV infection. About 15–110 million individuals have recent or ongoing HEV infection.[3] The virus particle was first seen in 1983,[4] but was only molecularly cloned in 1989.[5]
Orthohepevirus A can be classified into eight different genotypes from different geographical regions: genotype 1 (Asia), genotype 2 (Africa and Mexico), genotype 3 (Europe and North America), genotype 4 (Asia); genotypes 5 and 6 have been detected in Asian wild boar and genotypes 7 and 8 in camels.[2][6]
The viral genome is a single strand of positive-sense RNA that is about 7200 bases in length. The three open-reading frames (ORF1, ORF2 and ORF3) encode for three proteins (O1, O2, O3), two of which are polyproteins, that is, they are cleaved into fragments which carry out the actual functions of the virus (see figure). The O1 protein consists of seven such fragments, namely Met (methyltransferase), Y (Y-domain), Plp (papain-like protease), V (proline-rich variable region), X (X-domain, macro-domain), Hel (helicase), and Rdrp (RNA-dependent RNA polymerase). The Pvx domain is a fusion protein consisting of the Plp, V, and X domains. The O3 protein is encoded by a single open-reading frame (ORF3). The O2 protein encodes the capsid, which is composed of three domains, namely the shell domain (S) and two protruding domains (P1, P2).[7] Numbers in the figure indicate positions in the RNA sequence.
Interactome
The protein-protein interactome among Orthohepevirus A proteins has been mapped by Osterman et al. (2015), who found 25 interactions among the 10 proteins studied. Almost all (24) of these interactions were considered as of "high quality".[8]
Structure
The viral particles are 27 to 34 nanometers in diameter and are not enveloped.[2][4]
The strains of HEV that exist today may have arisen from a shared ancestor virus 536 to 1344 years ago.[9] Another analysis has dated the origin of Hepatitis E to ~6000 years ago, with a suggestion that this was associated with domestication of pigs.[10] At some point, two clades may have diverged — an anthropotropic form and an enzootic form — which subsequently evolved into genotypes 1 and 2 and genotypes 3 and 4, respectively.[11]
Whereas genotype 2 remains less commonly detected than other genotypes, genetic evolutionary analyses suggest that genotypes 1, 3, and 4 have spread substantially during the past 100 years.[12]
^The former species name was Hepatitis E virus.[1]
References
^ abcPurdy, Michael A.; et al. (June 2014). "New Classification Scheme for Hepeviridae" (PDF). International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV). Retrieved 1 May 2019. The species Hepatitis E virus will be renamed Orthohepevirus A, and the species Avian hepatitis E virus will be renamed Orthohepevirus B.
^Li P, Liu J, Li Y, Su J, Ma Z, Bramer WM, Cao W, de Man RA, Peppelenbosch MP, Pan Q (July 2020). "The global epidemiology of hepatitis E virus infection: A systematic review and meta-analysis". Liver International. 40 (7): 1516–1528. doi:10.1111/liv.14468. PMC7384095. PMID 32281721.
^ abBalayan MS, Andjaparidze AG, Savinskaya SS, et al. (1983). "Evidence for a virus in non-A, non-B hepatitis transmitted via the fecal-oral route". Intervirology. 20 (1): 23–31. doi:10.1159/000149370. PMID 6409836.
^Reyes GR, Purdy MA, Kim JP, et al. (1990). "Isolation of a cDNA from the virus responsible for enterically transmitted non-A, non-B hepatitis". Science. 247 (4948): 1335–9. Bibcode:1990Sci...247.1335R. doi:10.1126/science.2107574. PMID 2107574.
^Schlauder, G. G. & Mushahwar, I. K. (2001) Genetic heterogeneity of hepatitis E virus. J Med Virol 65, 282–92
^Ahmad I, Holla RP, Jameel S (2011). "Molecular virology of hepatitis E virus". Virus Res. 161 (1): 47–58. doi:10.1016/j.virusres.2011.02.011. PMC3130092. PMID 21345356.
^Osterman A, Stellberger T, Gebhardt A, Kurz M, Friedel CC, Uetz P, Nitschko H, Baiker A, Vizoso-Pinto MG (2015). "The Hepatitis E virus intraviral interactome". Sci Rep. 5: 13872. Bibcode:2015NatSR...513872O. doi:10.1038/srep13872. PMC4604457. PMID 26463011.
^Khudyakov, Yury E.; Purdy, Michael A. (17 December 2010). "Evolutionary History and Population Dynamics of Hepatitis E Virus". PLOS ONE. 5 (12): e14376. Bibcode:2010PLoSO...514376P. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0014376. ISSN 1932-6203. PMC3006657. PMID 21203540.
^Baha, Sarra; Behloul, Nouredine; Liu, Zhenzhen; Wei, Wenjuan; Shi, Ruihua; Meng, Jihong (2019-10-29). "Comprehensive analysis of genetic and evolutionary features of the hepatitis E virus". BMC Genomics. 20 (1): 790. doi:10.1186/s12864-019-6100-8. ISSN 1471-2164. PMC6820953. PMID 31664890.
^Mirazo S, Mir D, Bello G, Ramos N, Musto H, Arbiza J (2016). "New insights into the hepatitis E virus genotype 3 phylodynamics and evolutionary history". Infect Genet Evol. 43: 267–73. doi:10.1016/j.meegid.2016.06.003. PMID 27264728.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
"Virus Pathogen Database and Analysis Resource (ViPR) – Hepeviridae – Genome database with visualization and analysis tools".
January 26, 2023
orthohepevirus, hepatitis, virus, causative, agent, hepatitis, species, micrograph, virionsvirus, classification, unranked, virusrealm, riboviriakingdom, orthornaviraephylum, kitrinoviricotaclass, alsuviricetesorder, hepeliviralesfamily, hepeviridaegenus, orth. The hepatitis E virus HEV is the causative agent of hepatitis E It is of the species Orthohepevirus A a 2 1 Orthohepevirus ATEM micrograph of Orthohepevirus A virionsVirus classification unranked VirusRealm RiboviriaKingdom OrthornaviraePhylum KitrinoviricotaClass AlsuviricetesOrder HepeliviralesFamily HepeviridaeGenus OrthohepevirusSpecies Orthohepevirus ASynonyms 1 Hepatitis E virusGlobally approximately 939 million corresponding to 1 in 8 individuals have ever experienced HEV infection About 15 110 million individuals have recent or ongoing HEV infection 3 The virus particle was first seen in 1983 4 but was only molecularly cloned in 1989 5 Contents 1 Genome and proteome 1 1 Interactome 2 Structure 3 Taxonomy 4 Evolution 5 See also 6 Notes 7 References 8 External linksGenome and proteome EditOrthohepevirus A can be classified into eight different genotypes from different geographical regions genotype 1 Asia genotype 2 Africa and Mexico genotype 3 Europe and North America genotype 4 Asia genotypes 5 and 6 have been detected in Asian wild boar and genotypes 7 and 8 in camels 2 6 The viral genome is a single strand of positive sense RNA that is about 7200 bases in length The three open reading frames ORF1 ORF2 and ORF3 encode for three proteins O1 O2 O3 two of which are polyproteins that is they are cleaved into fragments which carry out the actual functions of the virus see figure The O1 protein consists of seven such fragments namely Met methyltransferase Y Y domain Plp papain like protease V proline rich variable region X X domain macro domain Hel helicase and Rdrp RNA dependent RNA polymerase The Pvx domain is a fusion protein consisting of the Plp V and X domains The O3 protein is encoded by a single open reading frame ORF3 The O2 protein encodes the capsid which is composed of three domains namely the shell domain S and two protruding domains P1 P2 7 Numbers in the figure indicate positions in the RNA sequence Interactome Edit The protein protein interactome among Orthohepevirus A proteins has been mapped by Osterman et al 2015 who found 25 interactions among the 10 proteins studied Almost all 24 of these interactions were considered as of high quality 8 Structure EditThe viral particles are 27 to 34 nanometers in diameter and are not enveloped 2 4 Taxonomy EditIt was previously classified in the family Caliciviridae However its genome more closely resembles rubella virus It is now classified as a member of the genus Orthohepevirus in the family Hepeviridae 2 Evolution EditThe strains of HEV that exist today may have arisen from a shared ancestor virus 536 to 1344 years ago 9 Another analysis has dated the origin of Hepatitis E to 6000 years ago with a suggestion that this was associated with domestication of pigs 10 At some point two clades may have diverged an anthropotropic form and an enzootic form which subsequently evolved into genotypes 1 and 2 and genotypes 3 and 4 respectively 11 Whereas genotype 2 remains less commonly detected than other genotypes genetic evolutionary analyses suggest that genotypes 1 3 and 4 have spread substantially during the past 100 years 12 See also Edit Viruses portalHepatitis A Hepatitis B Hepatitis B virus Hepatitis C Hepatitis C virus Hepatitis D Hepatitis ENotes Edit The former species name was Hepatitis E virus 1 References Edit a b c Purdy Michael A et al June 2014 New Classification Scheme for Hepeviridae PDF International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses ICTV Retrieved 1 May 2019 The species Hepatitis E virus will be renamed Orthohepevirus A and the species Avian hepatitis E virus will be renamed Orthohepevirus B a b c d Hepeviridae Hepeviridae Positive sense RNA Viruses ICTV www ictv global Li P Liu J Li Y Su J Ma Z Bramer WM Cao W de Man RA Peppelenbosch MP Pan Q July 2020 The global epidemiology of hepatitis E virus infection A systematic review and meta analysis Liver International 40 7 1516 1528 doi 10 1111 liv 14468 PMC 7384095 PMID 32281721 a b Balayan MS Andjaparidze AG Savinskaya SS et al 1983 Evidence for a virus in non A non B hepatitis transmitted via the fecal oral route Intervirology 20 1 23 31 doi 10 1159 000149370 PMID 6409836 Reyes GR Purdy MA Kim JP et al 1990 Isolation of a cDNA from the virus responsible for enterically transmitted non A non B hepatitis Science 247 4948 1335 9 Bibcode 1990Sci 247 1335R doi 10 1126 science 2107574 PMID 2107574 Schlauder G G amp Mushahwar I K 2001 Genetic heterogeneity of hepatitis E virus J Med Virol 65 282 92 Ahmad I Holla RP Jameel S 2011 Molecular virology of hepatitis E virus Virus Res 161 1 47 58 doi 10 1016 j virusres 2011 02 011 PMC 3130092 PMID 21345356 Osterman A Stellberger T Gebhardt A Kurz M Friedel CC Uetz P Nitschko H Baiker A Vizoso Pinto MG 2015 The Hepatitis E virus intraviral interactome Sci Rep 5 13872 Bibcode 2015NatSR 513872O doi 10 1038 srep13872 PMC 4604457 PMID 26463011 Khudyakov Yury E Purdy Michael A 17 December 2010 Evolutionary History and Population Dynamics of Hepatitis E Virus PLOS ONE 5 12 e14376 Bibcode 2010PLoSO 514376P doi 10 1371 journal pone 0014376 ISSN 1932 6203 PMC 3006657 PMID 21203540 Baha Sarra Behloul Nouredine Liu Zhenzhen Wei Wenjuan Shi Ruihua Meng Jihong 2019 10 29 Comprehensive analysis of genetic and evolutionary features of the hepatitis E virus BMC Genomics 20 1 790 doi 10 1186 s12864 019 6100 8 ISSN 1471 2164 PMC 6820953 PMID 31664890 Mirazo S Mir D Bello G Ramos N Musto H Arbiza J 2016 New insights into the hepatitis E virus genotype 3 phylodynamics and evolutionary history Infect Genet Evol 43 267 73 doi 10 1016 j meegid 2016 06 003 PMID 27264728 a href Template Cite journal html title Template Cite journal cite journal a CS1 maint multiple names authors list link Izopet J Abravanel F Dalton H Nassim RK 2014 Hepatitis E Virus Infection Clin Micro Reviews 27 1 116 138External links Edit Hepeviridae Hepeviridae Positive sense RNA Viruses Hepatitis E virus at the US National Library of Medicine Medical Subject Headings MeSH Virus Pathogen Database and Analysis Resource ViPR Hepeviridae Genome database with visualization and analysis tools Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Orthohepevirus A amp oldid 1092838707, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
