This article needs to be updated. Please help update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information.(July 2022)
The Nuclear Terrorism Convention (formally, the International Convention for the Suppression of Acts of Nuclear Terrorism) is a 2005 United Nationstreaty designed to criminalize acts of nuclear terrorism and to promote police and judicial cooperation to prevent, investigate and punish those acts. As of January 2024, the convention has 115 signatories and 124 state parties, including the nuclear powers China, France, India, Russia, the United Kingdom, and the United States.[1] Most recently, Zimbabwe ratified the convention on September 28, 2023.[2]
Nuclear Terrorism Convention
International Convention for the Suppression of Acts of Nuclear Terrorism
Arabic, Chinese, English, French, Russian, and Spanish
The Convention covers a broad range of acts and possible targets, including nuclear power plants and nuclear reactors; covers threats and attempts to commit such crimes or to participate in them, as an accomplice; stipulates that offenders shall be either extradited or prosecuted; encourages States to cooperate in preventing terrorist attacks by sharing information and assisting each other in connection with criminal investigations and extradition proceedings; and, deals with both crisis situations, assisting States to solve the situations and post-crisis situations by rendering nuclear material safe through the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA).
Article 2 of the convention defines the offence of Nuclear terrorism as follows:
1. Any person commits an offence within the meaning of this Convention if that person unlawfully and intentionally:
(a) Possesses radioactive material or makes or possesses a device:
(i) With the intent to cause death or serious bodily injury; or
(ii) With the intent to cause substantial damage to property or to the environment;
(b) Uses in any way radioactive material or a device, or uses or damages a nuclear facility in a manner which releases or risks the release of radioactive material:
(i) With the intent to cause death or serious bodily injury; or
(ii) With the intent to cause substantial damage to property or to the environment; or
(iii) With the intent to compel a natural or legal person, an international organization or a State to do or refrain from doing an act.[3]
At the same time, article 4 expressly excludes the application of the convention to the use of nuclear devices during armed conflicts, without recognizing though the legality of the use of nuclear weapons:
1. Nothing in this Convention shall affect other rights, obligations and responsibilities of States and individuals under international law, in particular the purposes and principles of the Charter of the United Nations and international humanitarian law.
2. The activities of armed forces during an armed conflict, as those terms are understood under international humanitarian law, which are governed by that law are not governed by this Convention, and the activities undertaken by military forces of a State in the exercise of their official duties, inasmuch as they are governed by other rules of international law, are not governed by this Convention.
3. The provisions of paragraph 2 of the present article shall not be interpreted as condoning or making lawful otherwise unlawful acts, or precluding prosecution under other laws.
4. This Convention does not address, nor can it be interpreted as addressing, in any way, the issue of the legality of the use or threat of use of nuclear weapons by States.[4]
States partiesedit
As of October 2022, 120 states are parties to the Convention.[2]
^"International Convention for the Suppression of Acts of Nuclear Terrorism". United Nations Treaty Collection. 16 October 2022. Retrieved 16 October 2022.
Further readingedit
Heather R. Demner, The Nuclear Terrorism Convention: Will Detainees be classified as "enemy combatants" by the United States? 12 ILSA Journal of International & Comparative Law, 641 (2006).
C.F. Diaz-Paniagua, Negotiating terrorism: The negotiation dynamics of four UN counter-terrorism treaties, 1997–2005, City University of New York (2008).
Odette Jankowitsch-Prevor, International Convention for the Suppression of Acts of Nuclear Terrorism, 76 OECD/NEA Nuclear Law Bulletin (2005).
Christopher C. Joyner Countering Nuclear Terrorism: A Conventional Response, 18 European Journal of International Law 225 (2007).
Introductory note by A. Rohan Perera, procedural history note and audiovisual material on the International Convention for the Suppression of Acts of Nuclear Terrorism in the Historic Archives of the United Nations Audiovisual Library of International Law
External linksedit
Text.
Ratifications.
April 10, 2024
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This article needs to be updated Please help update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information July 2022 The Nuclear Terrorism Convention formally the International Convention for the Suppression of Acts of Nuclear Terrorism is a 2005 United Nations treaty designed to criminalize acts of nuclear terrorism and to promote police and judicial cooperation to prevent investigate and punish those acts As of January 2024 the convention has 115 signatories and 124 state parties including the nuclear powers China France India Russia the United Kingdom and the United States 1 Most recently Zimbabwe ratified the convention on September 28 2023 2 Nuclear Terrorism ConventionInternational Convention for the Suppression of Acts of Nuclear TerrorismTypeAnti terrorism international criminal lawDrafted13 April 2005Signed14 September 2005 2005 09 14 LocationNew York City United StatesEffective7 July 2007Condition22 ratificationsSignatories115Parties120DepositaryUnited Nations Secretary GeneralLanguagesArabic Chinese English French Russian and SpanishThe Convention covers a broad range of acts and possible targets including nuclear power plants and nuclear reactors covers threats and attempts to commit such crimes or to participate in them as an accomplice stipulates that offenders shall be either extradited or prosecuted encourages States to cooperate in preventing terrorist attacks by sharing information and assisting each other in connection with criminal investigations and extradition proceedings and deals with both crisis situations assisting States to solve the situations and post crisis situations by rendering nuclear material safe through the International Atomic Energy Agency IAEA Contents 1 Definition of the crime of nuclear terrorism 2 States parties 2 1 Signatories which are not parties 3 See also 4 Notes 5 References 6 Further reading 7 External linksDefinition of the crime of nuclear terrorism editArticle 2 of the convention defines the offence of Nuclear terrorism as follows 1 Any person commits an offence within the meaning of this Convention if that person unlawfully and intentionally a Possesses radioactive material or makes or possesses a device i With the intent to cause death or serious bodily injury or ii With the intent to cause substantial damage to property or to the environment b Uses in any way radioactive material or a device or uses or damages a nuclear facility in a manner which releases or risks the release of radioactive material i With the intent to cause death or serious bodily injury or ii With the intent to cause substantial damage to property or to the environment or iii With the intent to compel a natural or legal person an international organization or a State to do or refrain from doing an act 3 At the same time article 4 expressly excludes the application of the convention to the use of nuclear devices during armed conflicts without recognizing though the legality of the use of nuclear weapons 1 Nothing in this Convention shall affect other rights obligations and responsibilities of States and individuals under international law in particular the purposes and principles of the Charter of the United Nations and international humanitarian law 2 The activities of armed forces during an armed conflict as those terms are understood under international humanitarian law which are governed by that law are not governed by this Convention and the activities undertaken by military forces of a State in the exercise of their official duties inasmuch as they are governed by other rules of international law are not governed by this Convention 3 The provisions of paragraph 2 of the present article shall not be interpreted as condoning or making lawful otherwise unlawful acts or precluding prosecution under other laws 4 This Convention does not address nor can it be interpreted as addressing in any way the issue of the legality of the use or threat of use of nuclear weapons by States 4 States parties editAs of October 2022 120 states are parties to the Convention 2 State party Signed Accessed Entry into force nbsp Afghanistan 29 December 2005 25 March 2013 24 April 2013 nbsp Algeria 3 March 2011 2 April 2011 nbsp Antigua and Barbuda 1 December 2009 31 December 2009 nbsp Argentina 14 September 2005 8 April 2016 8 May 2016 nbsp Armenia 15 September 2005 22 September 2010 22 October 2010 nbsp Australia 14 September 2005 16 March 2012 15 April 2012 nbsp Austria 15 September 2005 14 September 2006 7 July 2007 nbsp Azerbaijan 15 September 2005 28 January 2009 27 February 2009 nbsp Bahrain 4 May 2010 3 June 2010 nbsp Bangladesh 7 June 2007 7 July 2007 nbsp Belarus 15 September 2005 13 March 2007 7 July 2007 nbsp Belgium 14 September 2005 2 October 2009 1 November 2009 nbsp Benin 15 September 2005 2 November 2017 2 December 2017 nbsp Bosnia and Herzegovina 7 December 2005 29 June 2017 29 July 2017 nbsp Botswana 12 July 2021 12 July 2021 nbsp Brazil 16 September 2005 25 September 2009 25 October 2009 nbsp Burundi 29 March 2006 24 September 2008 24 October 2008 nbsp Canada 14 September 2005 21 November 2013 21 December 2013 nbsp Central African Republic 19 February 2008 20 March 2008 nbsp Chile 22 September 2005 27 September 2010 20 March 2008 nbsp China A 14 September 2005 8 November 2010 8 December 2010 nbsp Comoros 12 March 2007 7 July 2007 nbsp Congo Democratic Republic of the 23 September 2010 23 October 2010 nbsp Costa Rica 15 September 2005 21 February 2013 23 March 2013 nbsp Cote d Ivoire 12 March 2012 11 April 2012 nbsp Croatia 16 September 2005 30 May 2007 7 July 2007 nbsp Cuba 17 June 2009 17 July 2009 nbsp Cyprus 15 September 2005 28 January 2008 27 February 2008 nbsp Czech Republic 15 September 2005 25 July 2006 7 July 2007 nbsp Denmark B 14 September 2005 20 March 2007 7 July 2007 nbsp Djibouti 14 June 2006 25 April 2014 25 May 2014 nbsp Dominican Republic 11 June 2008 11 July 2008 nbsp El Salvador 16 September 2005 27 November 2006 7 July 2007 nbsp Fiji 15 May 2008 14 June 2008 nbsp Finland 14 September 2005 13 January 2009 12 February 2009 nbsp France 14 September 2005 11 September 2013 11 October 2013 nbsp Gabon 15 September 2005 1 October 2007 31 October 2007 nbsp Georgia 23 April 2010 23 May 2010 nbsp Germany 15 September 2005 8 February 2008 9 March 2008 nbsp Guatemala 20 September 2005 26 September 2018 25 October 2018 nbsp Guinea Bissau 6 August 2008 5 September 2008 nbsp Hungary 14 September 2005 12 April 2007 7 July 2007 nbsp India 24 July 2006 1 December 2006 7 July 2007 nbsp Indonesia 30 September 2014 30 October 2014 nbsp Iraq 13 May 2013 12 June 2013 nbsp Italy 14 September 2005 21 October 2016 20 November 2016 nbsp Jamaica 5 December 2006 27 December 2013 26 January 2014 nbsp Japan 15 September 2005 3 August 2007 2 September 2007 nbsp Jordan 16 November 2005 29 January 2016 28 February 2016 nbsp Kazakhstan 16 September 2005 31 July 2008 2 September 2007 nbsp Kenya 15 September 2005 13 April 2006 7 July 2007 nbsp Kiribati 15 September 2005 26 September 2008 26 October 2008 nbsp Korea South 16 September 2005 29 May 2014 28 June 2014 nbsp Kuwait 16 September 2005 5 September 2013 5 October 2013 nbsp Kyrgyzstan 5 May 2006 2 October 2007 1 November 2007 nbsp Latvia 16 September 2005 25 July 2006 7 July 2007 nbsp Lebanon 23 September 2005 13 November 2006 7 July 2007 nbsp Lesotho 16 September 2005 22 September 2010 22 October 2010 nbsp Libya 16 September 2005 22 December 2008 21 January 2009 nbsp Liechtenstein 16 September 2005 25 September 2009 21 January 2009 nbsp Lithuania 16 September 2005 19 July 2007 18 August 2007 nbsp Luxembourg 15 September 2005 2 October 2008 1 November 2008 nbsp Madagascar 15 September 2005 15 February 2017 17 March 2017 nbsp Malawi 7 October 2009 6 November 2009 nbsp Mali 5 November 2009 5 December 2009 nbsp Malta 15 September 2005 26 September 2012 26 October 2012 nbsp Mauritania 28 April 2008 28 May 2008 nbsp Mexico 12 January 2006 27 June 2006 7 July 2007 nbsp Moldova 16 September 2005 18 April 2008 18 May 2008 nbsp Mongolia 3 November 2005 6 October 2006 7 July 2007 nbsp Morocco 19 April 2006 31 March 2010 30 April 2010 nbsp Namibia 2 September 2016 2 October 2016 nbsp Nauru 24 August 2010 23 September 2010 nbsp Netherlands 16 September 2005 30 June 2010 30 July 2010 nbsp New Zealand C 14 September 2005 18 March 2016 17 April 2016 nbsp Nicaragua 15 September 2005 25 February 2009 27 March 2009 nbsp Niger 2 July 2008 1 August 2008 nbsp Nigeria 25 September 2012 25 October 2012 nbsp North Macedonia 16 September 2005 19 March 2007 7 July 2007 nbsp Norway 16 September 2005 20 February 2014 22 March 2014 nbsp Oman 21 October 2022 20 November 2022 nbsp Panama 21 February 2006 21 June 2007 21 July 2007 nbsp Paraguay 16 September 2005 29 January 2009 28 February 2009 nbsp Peru 14 September 2005 29 May 2009 28 June 2009 nbsp Poland 14 September 2005 8 April 2010 8 May 2010 nbsp Portugal 21 September 2005 25 September 2014 25 October 2014 nbsp Qatar 16 February 2006 15 January 2014 14 February 2014 nbsp Romania 14 September 2005 24 January 2007 7 July 2007 nbsp Russia 14 September 2005 29 January 2007 7 July 2007 nbsp Saint Kitts and Nevis 13 August 2020 11 September 2020 nbsp Saint Lucia 12 November 2012 12 December 2012 nbsp Saint Vincent and the Grenadines 8 July 2010 7 August 2010 nbsp San Marino 16 December 2014 15 January 2015 nbsp Saudi Arabia 26 December 2006 7 December 2007 6 January 2008 nbsp Serbia 15 September 2005 26 September 2006 7 July 2007 nbsp Singapore 1 December 2006 2 August 2017 1 September 2017 nbsp Slovakia 15 September 2005 23 March 2006 7 July 2007 nbsp Slovenia 14 September 2005 17 December 2009 16 January 2010 nbsp Solomon Islands 24 September 2009 24 October 2009 nbsp South Africa 14 September 2005 9 May 2007 7 July 2007 nbsp Spain 14 September 2005 22 February 2007 7 July 2007 nbsp Sri Lanka 14 September 2005 27 September 2007 27 October 2007 nbsp State of Palestine 29 December 2017 nbsp Sweden 14 September 2005 18 August 2014 17 September 2014 nbsp Switzerland 14 September 2005 15 October 2008 14 November 2008 nbsp Tajikistan 14 September 2005 29 June 2022 29 July 2022 nbsp Tunisia 28 September 2010 28 October 2010 nbsp Turkey 14 September 2005 24 September 2012 24 October 2012 nbsp Turkmenistan 28 March 2008 27 April 2008 nbsp Ukraine 14 September 2005 25 September 2007 25 October 2007 nbsp United Arab Emirates 10 January 2008 9 February 2008 nbsp United Kingdom 14 September 2005 24 September 2009 24 October 2009 nbsp United States 14 September 2005 30 September 2015 30 October 2015 nbsp Uruguay 16 September 2005 4 March 2016 3 April 2016 nbsp Uzbekistan 29 April 2008 29 May 2008 nbsp Vietnam 27 September 2016 27 October 2016 nbsp Yemen 13 October 2014 12 November 2014 nbsp Zambia 7 April 2017 7 May 2017 nbsp Zimbabwe 28 September 2023Signatories which are not parties edit The following states have signed but not ratified the Convention 5 State Signed nbsp Albania 23 November 2005 nbsp Andorra 11 May 2006 nbsp Bulgaria 14 September 2005 nbsp Burkina Faso 21 September 2005 nbsp Cambodia 7 December 2006 nbsp Colombia 1 November 2006 nbsp East Timor 16 September 2005 nbsp Ecuador 15 September 2005 nbsp Egypt 20 September 2005 nbsp Estonia 14 September 2005 nbsp Eswatini 15 September 2005 nbsp Ghana 6 November 2006 nbsp Greece 15 September 2005 nbsp Guinea 16 September 2005 nbsp Guyana 15 September 2005 nbsp Iceland 16 September 2005 nbsp Ireland 15 September 2005 nbsp Israel 27 December 2006 nbsp Liberia 16 September 2005 nbsp Malaysia 16 September 2005 nbsp Mauritius 14 September 2005 nbsp Monaco 14 September 2005 nbsp Montenegro 23 October 2006 nbsp Mozambique 1 May 2006 nbsp Palau 15 September 2005 nbsp Philippines 15 September 2005 nbsp Rwanda 6 March 2006 nbsp Sao Tome and Principe 19 December 2005 nbsp Senegal 21 September 2005 nbsp Seychelles 7 October 2005 nbsp Sierra Leone 14 September 2005 nbsp Syria 14 September 2005 nbsp Thailand 14 September 2005 nbsp Togo 15 September 2005See also editNuclear terrorism Definition of terrorism International conventions on terrorismNotes edit The Convention does not apply to Hong Kong The Convention does not apply to the Faroe Islands or Greenland The Convention does not apply to Tokelau References edit Ratifications a b Disarmament Treaties Database International Convention for the Suppression of Acts of Nuclear Terrorism United Nations Office for Disarmament Affairs Retrieved 10 February 2021 Nuclear Terrorism Convention art 1 Nuclear Terrorism Convention art 4 International Convention for the Suppression of Acts of Nuclear Terrorism United Nations Treaty Collection 16 October 2022 Retrieved 16 October 2022 Further reading editHeather R Demner The Nuclear Terrorism Convention Will Detainees be classified as enemy combatants by the United States 12 ILSA Journal of International amp Comparative Law 641 2006 C F Diaz Paniagua Negotiating terrorism The negotiation dynamics of four UN counter terrorism treaties 1997 2005 City University of New York 2008 Odette Jankowitsch Prevor International Convention for the Suppression of Acts of Nuclear Terrorism 76 OECD NEA Nuclear Law Bulletin 2005 Christopher C Joyner Countering Nuclear Terrorism A Conventional Response 18 European Journal of International Law 225 2007 Introductory note by A Rohan Perera procedural history note and audiovisual material on the International Convention for the Suppression of Acts of Nuclear Terrorism in the Historic Archives of the United Nations Audiovisual Library of International LawExternal links editText Ratifications Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Nuclear Terrorism Convention amp oldid 1199644283, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
