Marikina

This article is about the city. For the river, see Marikina River.

Marikina (/mərɪˈkɪnə/), officially the City of Marikina (Filipino: Lungsod ng Marikina), is a 1st class highly urbanized city in the National Capital Region of the Philippines. According to the 2020 census, it has a population of 456,159 people.^[3]

Marikina
Highly urbanized city
Marikina Cityhood Park Our Lady of the Abandoned Parish Kapitan Moy Heritage House Marikina Shoe Museum Teatro Marikina Marikina River Park Marikina Sports Center Riverbanks Center Marquinton
Seal
Nickname:  Shoe Capital of the Philippines
Motto(s):  "Discipline, Good Taste, Excellence"
Anthem: Himno ng Marikina (Marikina Hymn)
Map of Metro Manila with Marikina highlighted
OpenStreetMap
Marikina Location within the Philippines Show map of Philippines Marikina Location within Luzon Show map of Luzon
Coordinates: 14°39′N 121°06′E / 14.65°N 121.1°E / 14.65; 121.1
Country	Philippines
Region	National Capital Region
Province	none
District	1st and 2nd Districts
Founded	April 16, 1630
Cityhood and HUC	December 1, 1996
Barangays	16 (see Barangays)
Government ^[1]
• Type	Sangguniang Panlungsod
• Mayor	Marcelino R. Teodoro (UNA)
• Vice Mayor	Marion S. Andres (UNA)
• Representatives	Marjorie Ann A. Teodoro (1st District) Stella Luz A. Quimbo (2nd District)
• City Council	Members 1st District Samuel S. Ferriol Romina Kate N. de Guzman Carl Eli F. Africa Rommel S. Acuña Manuel E. Sarmiento Serafin Y. Bernardino Cloyd S. Casimiro Joseph B. Banzon 2nd District Donn Carlo B. Favis Angelito R. Nuñez Loreto F. Tolentino Jr. Ronnie S. Acuña Levy D. de Guzman Marife T. Dayao Renato B. Magtubo Hilario A. Punzalan
• Electorate	260,749 voters (2022)
Area ^[2]
• Total	21.52 km^2 (8.31 sq mi)
Elevation	48 m (157 ft)
Population  (2020 census)^[3]
• Total	456,059
• Density	21,000/km^2 (55,000/sq mi)
• Households	104,415
Demonym(s)	Marikeño Marikeña
Economy
• Income class	1st city income class
• Poverty incidence	2.56% (2015)^[4]
• Revenue	₱ 2,940 million (2020)
• Assets	₱ 10,113 million (2020)
• Expenditure	₱ 2,856 million (2020)
• Liabilities	₱ 4,464 million (2020)
Service provider
• Electricity	Manila Electric Company (Meralco)
• Water	Manila Water
Time zone	UTC+8 (PST)
ZIP code	1800–1811, 1820
PSGC	1380700000
IDD : area code	+63 (0)02
Native languages	Tagalog
Catholic diocese	Diocese of Antipolo
Website	www.marikina.gov.ph

Located along the eastern border of Metro Manila, Marikina is the main gateway of Metro Manila to Rizal and Quezon provinces through Marikina–Infanta Highway. It is bordered on the west by Quezon City, to the south by Pasig and Cainta, to the north by San Mateo, and to the east by Antipolo, the capital of Rizal province.

It was founded by the Jesuits on the fertile Marikina Valley in 1630 and the area was called Jesus dela Peña (Jesus of the Rocks) and later on called Mariquina.^[5] Marikina was the provincial capital of the Province of Manila under the First Philippine Republic from 1898 to 1899 during the Philippine Revolution.^[6] Following the onset of American occupation it was then organized as a municipality of Rizal Province, prior to the formation of Metro Manila in 1975. Formerly a rural settlement, Marikina is now primarily residential and industrial and has become increasingly commercial in recent years. The City of Marikina is considered one of the wealthiest local government units in the Philippines.^[7]

Marikina is known as the "Shoe Capital of the Philippines" owing to its famous shoe industry.^[8] It is the biggest manufacturer of shoes in the Philippines, producing almost 70% of shoes made in the country.^[9] Located in the city are the Philippine International Footwear Center and the Shoe Museum, housing the infamous shoe collection of former First Lady Imelda Marcos, wife of the late Filipino president, Ferdinand Marcos.^[10]

The city is under the jurisdiction of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Antipolo. It contains the Our Lady of the Abandoned Church, the oldest in the Marikina Valley, built in 1572.

Etymology

In view of the non-existence of records or documents on how the name Marikina came into being, the following legends were gathered from elder residents of the different barrios in Marikina.^[11]

• One of the builders of the Jesús de la Peña Chapel was a young priest named "Mariquina", who was given the task of baptizing children to Christianity. Because of this very noble job, Mariquina was named in his honor.
• It is said that before the Spaniards came to Mariquina, a beautiful, virtuous, polite, and intelligent lady named Maria Cuina was residing in the town. Because of her expertise in business, she became wealthy, and her fortunes were expended on charity. She eventually became famous in the whole town up to Manila.
• Construction of the chapel of Jesús de la Peña was supervised by a Jesuit priest, and the laborers were Filipinos. As expected, the language barrier resulted in the usual misunderstandings. When the chapel was completed and the priest asked what the structure would be called, one worker answered "Marikit-na-Po", thinking that what was being asked was the condition of the chapel.
• In the province of Viscaya in Spain, there was a beautiful town called Mariquina. The town, located beside the Charmaga River (now known as Artibai River), is the origin of the Jesuit priests who came to the Philippines and established Jesús de la Peña. Because of this, "Mariquina" was used to honor the place where they came from. In 1901, Commissioner de Tavera changed the letter "q" to "k".
• Based on history and documents in the custody of the municipal government of Marikina, the town was called Marikit-na in 1787 and was later changed to Mariquina. According to Dr. Trinidad Pardo de Tavera, the word Mariquina was in recognition of Capt. Berenguer de Marquina who led the town in 1788.

History

Spanish Colonial Era

 

Jesús de la Pena Chapel

According to a local historian named Servando de los Angeles, the first settlers of Marikina are the descendants of Lakan Dula, known as the head of the ruling House of Dula and the pre-hispanic king of the Lakanate of Tondo. It happened when Lakan Dula sent his descendants to far away lands within sea and river routes. The riverbanks of Marikina were then settled by river dwellers or "taga-ilog", these natives were discovered by the Augustinians as they explored along the riverbanks during 1570's. Then during 1630's Jesuits arrived and there is when Christianity spread in Marikina, since the Jesuits have had the ecclesiastical control and supervision over the land.The Augustinians first to arrived at the valley in the late 16th century, at the spot known as Chorillo in Barangka.^[12] In 1572, Our Lady of the Abandoned Parish was established. Next came the Jesuits in 1630, in a place now called Jesús de la Peña (Jesus of the Rocks). Here, the Jesuits established a mission and built a chapel still known today as Jesús de la Pena Chapel. Fray Pedro de Arce, apostolic ruler of the Archbishop of Manila at that time, approved transfer of ecclesiastical control and supervision to the Jesuits, and settled the place as a town.^[13]

In 1665, an intensity 8 earthquake struck the valley and nearby Manila, and it is related to the activity now known as Marikina Valley Fault System. Only a Jesuit church experienced great damage and resulting in 19 deaths in the said earthquake.^[14]

 

Félix Berenguer de Marquina

In 1787, the town was called "Mariquina" after Felix Berenguer de Marquina, who was the governor-general at that time, and the town was declared a pueblo under the Spanish colonial government.^[15]

Marikina was once the Hacienda Sauza-Berenguer de Marquina (1809–1870), the land and home was formerly owned by Don Santiago Sauza y Delos Rios (1777–1880) and his wife Dona Ysabel Berenguer de Marquina y Sumulong (1790–1900). Moreover, Doña Ysabel Berenguer de Marquina y Sumulong (November 19, 1790, Cagsawa, Daraga, Albay, Philippines – January 30, 1900, Banwa, Batan, Aklan, Philippines) was the only daughter of Doña Demetria Sumulong y Lindo and of Señor Felix Berenguer de Marquina y FitzGerald, the former Governor-General of the Philippines.^[16] By the 19th century, Hacienda Mariquina was eventually owned and administered by the Tuason family and had become the largest in the Philippines. The hacienda was declared a mayorazgo by the Spanish colonial government. Don Juan Gregorio became the first Alcalde Capitan of Mariquina in 1822.^[17]

During the Philippine Revolution in 1896, Andrés Bonifacio arrived in Mariquina before he and his Katipuneros proceeded to the caves of Montalban. Mariquina became the capital of the Province of Manila in 1898, when the Philippine Revolution broke out, a period when Philippine Independence was declared by Emilio Aguinaldo, the first Philippine president. Don Vicente Gomez became the first Alcalde Presidente of Mariquina in 1900.^[18]

American Colonial Era

On June 11, 1901, shortly after the United States took possession of the Philippines, its name officially became "Marikina". The province of Rizal was created by virtue of Act No. 137 by the First Philippine Commission which was acting as the unicameral legislative body in the island of Luzon. Marikina, along with many other towns around Manila, was incorporated into the new province.

 

Marikina Express Daang Bakal Station

In 1906, the Manila Railroad Company completed a 31 km (19 mi) steam train line called "Marikina Line", also known as Rosario-Montalban branch, a branch of Philippine National Railway which is currently existing^[19] (converted into the road which is known today as Daang Bakal, including Shoe Avenue), Marikina Railway Depot (Marikina Elementary School in the present-day) and Marikina Railway Station, connecting Montalban and Rosario (known today as Tramo, in Pasig).^[20] Marikina Bridge, a vital economic link to Manila, was formally opened in 1934. During the construction of the train line, not far from Marikina Railway Depot, Marikina Airfield was completed and used for the civilian airfield.^[21] The runways were subsequently converted into the road known today as E. Rodriguez Avenue and E. Santos Streets, and the airfield stands today as Paliparan Subdivision. In 1936, the Marikina Line was abandoned.^[22]

In 1939, the barrios of Balara, Barranca (Barangka), Jesus de la Peña, Krus na Ligas, Tañong, and the site of the new UP Campus were separated from Marikina to form part of the newly established Quezon City.^[23] In 1941, the barrios of lower Barranca and Jesus de la Peña were returned to Marikina.^[24]

Japanese Occupation Era

In 1942, during the World War II, Japanese Imperial forces occupied Marikina. The town was liberated in 1945 by combined United States and Philippine Commonwealth ground troops, who attacked the Japanese Imperial Army by artillery from Quezon City. Almost all of the large buildings, including the church bell tower, were destroyed. In reality, the Japanese had already left the town and retreated to the north.^{[citation needed]} The town saw over 400 civilians casualties by the end of World War II. Local Filipino troops under the pre-war 4th and 42nd Infantry Division of the Philippine Commonwealth Army entered Marikina and assisted U.S. forces in attacking Japanese troops during the liberation. The general headquarters of the Philippine Commonwealth Army was rebuilt and stationed in Marikina after the war.^{[citation needed]}

 

Kapitan Moy Residence

Philippine Independence

In 1956, Marikina was given the title of "Shoe Capital of the Philippines", has re-emerged as a town of shoemakers after World War II. Honed by years of shoe manufacturing experience, the natives had developed a work ethic that prepared them for the arrival of heavy industries. With the industrial plants came waves of workers who chose to stay, rapidly increasing the population.

In November 1959, Osmundo de Guzman was elected mayor of Marikina.^[25]

In 1968, Kapitan Moy's house (now known as Sentrong Pangkultura ng Marikina) was declared a national shrine by the town council and the National Historical Commission. In 1969, Rodriguez Sports Complex, known today as Marikina Sports Center was completed.

On November 7, 1975, by virtue of Presidential Decree No. 824, four cities and twelve towns of Rizal, including Marikina, along with the town of Valenzuela in Bulacan, were made part of Metropolitan Manila Area.^[26]

Since as early as 1937, Marikina had suffered flooding, which was caused by the swelling of the Marikina River.^[27] In late October 1988, the municipality was among the hardest-hit^[28] by Typhoon Ruby (Unsang);^[29][30][31] heavy rains^[31] caused the river rising to 19 meters,^[27] and with high water level of Laguna Lake as well, these led to massive, then-record^[31] flooding^[30] that stranded several residents^[28][29] and seriously damaged the Marikina Valley, among others, particularly in Provident Subdivision in Santo Niño^[30] where water reportedly reached 2.4 meters (8 ft) high.^[28]

By 1992, Marikina had become an industrialized urban municipality under the leadership of Bayani Fernando. Marikina River was transformed into a waterway, with the Marikina River Park along the riverbanks.

In 1994, less than a month prior to the public release of the movie "Massacre Files" ("Marikina Files" as earlier reported)^[32] by Regal Films,^[33] it was criticized by the local government, citing that it may damage the image of the locality, with mayor Fernando questioning the claim that it was based on police files.^[32] The movie depicted three^[32] of seven highly-publicized rape-murder cases occurred from 1993 until late January 1994; majority were claimed solved by the municipal police.^[34][35][36]

Cityhood

Main article: Cities of the Philippines

Then district representative Romeo Candazo authored the cityhood filed in the Congress which, on November 6, 1996, was signed into law by President Fidel V. Ramos as Republic Act (RA) No. 8223.^[37][38] A plebiscite was held on December 7 in 577 polling precincts.^[38][39]

Low voter turnout was observed as the plebiscite was marred by reports of disenfranchised voters, as well as disinformation campaign which prevented residents to vote, with five individuals apprehended;^[38] barangays of Concepcion, Daang Bakal area, and parts of Barangay Malanday and then-sitio Tumana, Candazo's bailiwicks, held boycotts.^[40] Candazo later denied allegations that he campaigned for a boycott and his camp waged the disinformation.^[41]

Meanwhile, a delay of counting of ballots due to lack of Commission on Elections personnel led to some 200 teachers abandoning their posts, taking with them canvassing sheets and less than 16,000 unvalidated ballots. The counting proceeded with some employees of the local government treasury assisted in validation of votes. Despite the turnout yet the majority ratified the cityhood, the following day, the COMELEC eventually declared the municipality as a highly urbanized city, citing that the unvalidated ballots does not affect those counted already.^[40] Marikina became the ninth city in Metro Manila.^[42]

Marikina cityhood plebiscite

Choice	Votes	%
Yes	18,649	89.86
No	2,105	10.14
Valid votes	20,754	56.85%
Invalid or blank votes	15,750 (estimated)	43.15%
Total votes	36,504	100.00
Registered voters/turnout	223,229	16.35%^[A]
Source: ^[40]

1. The COMELEC officially declared the voter turnout at 9.3%; excluding an estimated 15,750 unvalidated ballots.^[40]

Contemporary

In 2006, under RA No. 9364 signed by President Gloria Macapagal Arroyo, Marikina was divided into two congressional districts, being served by two representatives since 2007.^[43] Fortune and Tumana, two sitios in barangays Parang and Concepcion Uno respectively, were converted into independent barangays, the city's newest (15th and 16th), in 2007.^[44][45]

 

Flooding at Riverbanks Center due to TS Ondoy in 2009

On September 26, 2009, Marikina was severely affected by Tropical Storm Ketsana (Ondoy), which submerged majority of Metro Manila, with Marikina River reaching a record high, more than 21 meters,^[a] and half of its barangays flooded, particularly in Tumana (also the hardest-hit by the 2012 rains);^[27] resulted to 70 deaths and more than ₱27 million worth of damage.^[51] Almost the same scenario occurred in the city upon being hit by Tropical Storm Meari (Falcon) in June and Typhoon Nesat (Pedring) in November 2011; the monsoon rains (habagat) of August 2012;^[27] Tropical Depression Josie in July and Tropical Storm Karding in August of 2018.^[52] On November 12, 2020, the river water level rose to another record high at 22 meters during Typhoon Vamco (Ulysses),^[47][a] which killed 25 people.^[53]

Geography

 

Panorama of Marikina River in Riverbanks Center

Marikina lies on the so-called Marikina Valley, which extends to the south toward Pasig and Cainta, Rizal. Sierra Madre mountains lie to the east and Quezon City hills to the west. Marikina River runs through the mid-west portion of the city, with its tributary including Nangka River. Nangka River runs through the north slicing between Marikina and San Mateo, while the small waterway called Sapang Baho Creek slicing the southeast between Marikina and Cainta and Antipolo.

The total land area of Marikina is approximately 21.5 km² (2,150 ha; 5,300 acres). This represents about 3.42% of the total land area of Metro Manila. At present, the city is composed of 16 barangays. Barangays Fortune, Concepcion Uno, and Marikina Heights are among the largest in terms of land area.^[54]

The south portion of the city comprises numerous commercial, industrial and residential areas, heritage sites and mixed use zones, while the north and northeast portion are primarily residential and industrial zones, and various establishments such as small and medium enterprises. Loyola Grand Villas and Trevi Executive Village, located at the northwest portion of the city, are gated communities with upper-middle class and wealthy residents. Barangay Santa Elena represents a poblacion, or the center of Marikina. At present, it is 38% residential, 19% commercial and industrial, 17% Roads, 8% Mixed-use, 18% for parks and open spaces, development areas, institutional, cemeteries and others.^[55]

 

Marikina River

Located along the eastern border of Metro Manila, it is bordered on the west by Quezon City, to the south by Pasig and Cainta, Rizal, to the north by San Mateo, Rizal and to the east by Antipolo, the capital of Rizal province. It is approximately 21 kilometers (13 mi) away from Manila and lies within 14°38′24″N 121°5′50″E / 14.64000°N 121.09722°E / 14.64000; 121.09722.

From the north, Marikina occupies most of the south bank of Nangka River. The east slices at the foot of the Sierra Madre mountains of Antipolo and sliced by the streets of La Milagrosa Village and Empress 1 Subdivision of Barangay Marikina Heights and Rancho Estate 2 in Barangay Concepcion Dos. A huge hilly lot within streets of Tanguile and Champaca in Marikina Heights proof that the portion is part of Sierra Madre Mountain range. The southeast slices by Sapang Baho River occupies the north-west bank. The south portion is sliced by Marcos Highway and occupies most of the north side of the highway and extends to the west until it occupies the Line 2 Santolan Station depot until it reaches the Marikina River. The east occupies the southernmost of Quezon City hills which lies in Barangay Industrial Valley and sliced by C5 Road occupies the west side until it reaches Ateneo de Manila University campus. The east part of the campus covers the city, extending to the north and sliced by several roads of Loyola Grand Villas, which covers the east part of the village until it reaches Marikina River and its tributary Nangka River to the north.

Marikina River runs to the western part of the city and surrounded by many lush trees in the Marikina River Park on the riverbanks. The south portion of the river is surrounded by structures and concrete walkways. The river covers an area of around 220 hectares (540 acres) and measures about 11 kilometers (6.8 mi) in length and is the principal drainage system for Marikina. Its depth measures from 12 meters up to 18 meters during the heavy downpour. Rehabilitation of the River started in 1992. The river traverses 11 city barangays which have streets and alleys going to the river, making river parks easily accessible. River parks today are popular sports and recreational centers not only in Metro Manila but throughout the Philippines.

Marikina is also prone to various natural disasters, including the major floodings during the onslaught of Typhoon Unsang in 1988, Typhoon Ondoy in 2009, Tropical Storm Falcon and Typhoon Pedring in 2011, seasonal southwest monsoon in 2012 and 2016, and Typhoon Ulysses in 2020. Primarily, flooding within Marikina is caused by the increase of water level in major rivers and its tributaries from the Sierra Madre mountains, followed by overflowing from its riverbanks to low-lying areas throughout the city.

Another major threat is fault lines in Marikina caused by earthquakes. West Valley Fault Line, previously known as Marikina Fault Line, lies at the west Marikina.

Physiography zones in Marikina

City Center zone (Poblacion)

• Calumpang
• San Roque
• Santa Elena
• Santo Niño

Newtown zone (Ibayo)

• Barangka
• Industrial Valley Complex
• Jesús de la Peña
• Tañong

Riverside zone (Tabing-Ilog)

• Concepcion Uno
• Malanday
• Nangka
• Tumana

Foothills zone (Bundok)

• Concepcion Dos
• Fortune
• Marikina Heights
• Parang

Barangays

Main article: Barangays of Marikina

 

Political map of Marikina

 

Freedom Park

Marikina is politically subdivided into 16 barangays.^[56] Its barangays are grouped into two districts for city council representation purposes. The first district encompasses the southern section of the city, while the second district encompasses the northern section. Among these barangays, 11 are traversed by Marikina River mostly on the west section of the city.

Barangays	District	Population^a	Area (ha)	Density (/ha)	Zip Code
Barangka	1st	18,504	117	158	1803
Calumpang	1st	14,857	72	206	1801
Concepcion Uno	2nd	39,204	213	184	1807
Concepcion Dos	2nd	25,637	184	139	1811
Fortune	2nd	36,142	219	165	1810
Industrial Valley	1st	15,995	65	246	1802
Jesus de la Peña	1st	10,175	82	124	1804
Malanday	1st	55,442	87	637	1805
Marikina Heights	2nd	38,795	206	188	1810
Nangka	2nd	43,828	182	241	1808
Parang	2nd	41,661	164	254	1809
San Roque	1st	17,945	109	165	1801
Santa Elena	1st	6,928	44	157	1800
Santo Niño	1st	30,759	146	211	1800
Tañong	1st	8,270	73	113	1803
Tumana	2nd	43,239	182	238	1805
Notes ^a Population as of 2010.

Climate

Marikina features a tropical monsoon climate. Its proximity to the equator means that the temperature range is very small, rarely going lower than 18 °C (64 °F) or higher than 38 °C (100 °F). However, humidity levels are usually very high, which makes it feel much warmer. It has a distinct, relatively short dry season from January through May, and a relatively lengthy wet season, from June through December.

Climate data for Marikina, Philippines
Month	Jan	Feb	Mar	Apr	May	Jun	Jul	Aug	Sep	Oct	Nov	Dec	Year
Mean daily maximum °C (°F)	29 (84)	29 (84)	31 (88)	33 (91)	34 (93)	34 (93)	33 (91)	31 (88)	31 (88)	31 (88)	31 (88)	31 (88)	32 (90)
Mean daily minimum °C (°F)	20 (68)	20 (68)	21 (70)	22 (72)	23 (73)	24 (75)	24 (75)	24 (75)	24 (75)	24 (75)	23 (73)	21 (70)	22 (72)
Average precipitation mm (inches)	25.4 (1.00)	25.4 (1.00)	38.1 (1.50)	25.4 (1.00)	38.1 (1.50)	127 (5.0)	254 (10.0)	431.8 (17.00)	406.4 (16.00)	355.6 (14.00)	203.2 (8.00)	152.4 (6.00)	2,082.8 (82.00)
Source: Pagasa DOST

Demographics

Population census of Marikina

Year	Pop.	±% p.a.
1903	8,187	—
1918	9,542	+1.03%
1939	15,166	+2.23%
1948	23,353	+4.91%
1960	40,455	+4.68%
1970	113,400	+10.84%
1975	168,453	+8.26%
1980	211,613	+4.67%
1990	310,227	+3.90%
1995	357,231	+2.68%
2000	391,170	+1.96%
2007	424,610	+1.14%
2010	424,150	−0.04%
2015	450,741	+1.16%
2020	456,059	+0.23%
Source: Philippine Statistics Authority^[57]^[58]^[59]^[60]

The native people in Marikina refer to themselves as "Marikeño" (or Marikenyo, in Filipino). According to the 2015 Census, the population of the city was 450,741. The population of Marikina is near half a million, making it one of the most densely populated areas in the Philippines. Like other places in Metro Manila, the original settlers of Marikina were Tagalog. There has been a constant migration of other ethnic groups in the Philippines. Tagalog is widely spoken and the main language in Marikina, while English is used in education and business.

Religion

 

Our Lady of the Abandoned Parish Church

Marikina was one of the seats of the Spanish colonial government in past centuries and has been used as the base of Roman Catholic missions to the Philippines. Religious orders include the Dominicans, the Franciscans, the Jesuits and the Augustinians, which were the first to arrive in Marikina.

The Our Lady of the Abandoned Church, completed in 1572, is the seat of Nuestra Señora de los Desamparados, the Patron Saint of Marikina. The majority of the city's population is Roman Catholic.

Alternative incarnations of Christianity promoting their version of faith in the Philippines include Iglesia ni Cristo, the Seventh-day Adventist Church, Members Church of God International, The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, the Philippine Independent Church or popularly known as Aglipayan Church, the second-largest catholic denomination in Marikina, among other small Baptist churches and Christian groups. The headquarters of the Pentecostal Missionary Church of Christ (4th Watch) are located in the city. Other small religions in Marikina are Hinduism, Buddhism, Islam, and Sikhism.

Economy

Commercial and industrial

The financial resources of Marikina are scattered all over the city, but the southern part is primarily concentrated which includes business establishments and commercial facilities, while the northern part is factories and warehouses. Riverbanks Center is the city's commercial center situated southwest of the city where shopping malls and recreation areas are located. Real estate, residential condominiums, and commercial establishments along A. Bonifacio Avenue, Marcos Highway, and Sumulong Highway are developing. Restaurants, cafés, diners, and entertainment bars are mostly concentrated along Gil Fernando Avenue, J. P. Rizal Street, Bayanbayanan Avenue, and Lilac Street

Fortune Avenue is home to some of major companies such as Fortune Tobacco, Philip Morris, Armscor and Noritake. Sumulong Highway is the center of business and local trade, and it has mixed establishments such as banking, boutiques, retail shops, electronics, appliances, and other consumer needs. Almost all the major international and local commercial and government banks in the Philippines operate branches in the city.

 

Panorama of southwest portion of Marikina near SM City Marikina. The bridges of Marcos Highway, C5-Diosdado Macapagal and LRT-2 Line crossing over Marikina River at the right

Shopping centers

 

Shoes for sale inside Riverbanks Mall

SM City Marikina is currently the largest shopping mall in the city, while Riverbanks Center, a community shopping and commercial center is one of the most popular outlet stores in the Philippines. Other shopping malls located in the city are Blue Wave Marquinton Mall, Graceland Plaza, C&B Circle Mall, Xeland XentroMall, CitiCentre, and Ayala Malls Marikina while Sienna Towers Residences Shopping Complex is one of the upcoming shopping centers in the city.

Other shopping centers just next to the Marikina boundary are Sta. Lucia East Grand Mall and Robinsons Metro East (near Barangay San Roque), and Ayala Malls Feliz (near Barangay Calumpang), all are located along Marikina-Infanta Highway which of these malls are more closely and accessible to Marikina than to their respective city proper.

Public market

The Marikina Market Mall, a public market in the city is a centralized modern market, converted streets into commercial and market lanes, and is one of the most popular and largest public markets in Metro Manila. The market is divided into two sections: the dry goods and the wet goods. Commerce in this market is active mostly during early mornings and late afternoons. There are also food stalls and eateries located inside the market. Some of Marikina's local products are handicrafts, sweet delicacies, leather, clothing, food processing, bags, accessories, and footwear.

Shoe industry

Marikina is the biggest manufacturer of quality shoes in the Philippines. It is also the Philippines' largest worldwide exporter of leather shoes tagged Marikina as the Shoe Capital of the Philippines. Hundreds of footwear establishments are located throughout the city, generating thousands of jobs and city financial resources that continue to make the shoe and leather industry the top livelihood in the city. By the 2000s, the Marikina shoe industry was affected by competition from Chinese manufacturers.^[61]

Government

Local government

Main article: Sangguniang Panglungsod

 

Marikina Old Municipal Building

 

Marikina City Hall and the busts of former mayors

 

Marikina Legislative Building

Like in other city governments in the Philippines, Marikina is governed by a mayor and a vice mayor elected to three-year terms. The mayor is the executive head and leads the city's departments in executing city ordinances and improving public services, along with city councilors, while the vice mayor heads a legislative council, and these councilors represent the two legislative districts of the city. The council is in charge of formulating and enacting city ordinances.

Marikina, being a part of the Metro Manila region, has its mayor in the Metro Manila Council headed by the Metropolitan Manila Development Authority (MMDA). This council formulates development plans that seek to solve the problems and improve the conditions in the metropolis.

Marikina is made up of 16 barangays that handle governance in a much smaller area. These barangays are grouped into the aforementioned legislative districts. Each district is represented by a congressman, in turn, is represented in the House of Representatives of the Philippines

List of mayors

• Claudio Cruz (1861)
• Vivencio Cruz (1889)
• Remigio Victorino (1893-1894)
• Domingo Victoriano (1895-1896)
• Vicente Gomez (1900-1903)
• Domingo Victoriano (1904-1905)
• Ceferino Legazpi (1908-1909)
• Isabello Mendoza (1910-1911)
• Catalino Cruz (1912–1918)
• Jesus Villalon (1926-1928)
• Wenceslao dela Paz (1929-1937)^[62]
• Juan Chanyungco (1938–1945)
• Enrique dela Paz (1945)
• Gil Estanislao Fernando (1946–1951)
• Juan Chanyungco (1951–1955)
• Gil Estanislao Fernando (1955–1959)
• Osmundo De Guzman (1959–1986)
• Teofisto Santos (1986)
• Rodolfo Valentino (1986–1987; 1988–1992)
• Guillermo S. Flores (1987–1988)^[63]
• Bayani Fernando (1992–2001)
• Maria Lourdes Fernando (2001–2010)
• Del De Guzman (2010–2016)
• Marcelino Teodoro (2016–present)

City seal

 

City seal

The official seal of the City of Marikina bears the inscriptions "Lungsod ng Marikina", "Pilipinas", "1630" (the founding year of the municipality), and "1996", the year of approval of the city charter. The two mountains represent the majestic twin ranges of the Cordillera and Sierra Madre, between which the Marikina Valley is nestled, traversed by the Marikina River. The rising sun points to the eastern location of the city, with each ray representing the city's barangays. The machinery gear symbolizes its industries and the shoe last represents the traditional manufacturing in the city. The torch focuses on the lofty and noble ideals for human development and a better quality of life and is symbolic of its Hispanic culture and tradition. The bamboo underscores a mixture of the people's natural humility and strength of character and also emphasizes the city's transition from an agricultural past to the urbanized, industrial present; the leaves and branches symbolize order and serenity. The bamboo and the wheel represent Marikina and its people's respect for and protection of the environment so as to remain in harmony with progress.^[64]

Culture

Main article: List of landmarks and attractions of Marikina

 

Shoe Museum

Local cuisines such as Everlasting, a popular dish in Marikina similar to Embutido but it is cooked in "lyanera", while Waknatoy, a unique dish is simply a variant of Menudo with the addition of pickles which gives Waknatoy a sweet-tangy flavor, and Laoya, a dish similar to Nilaga with the addition of pounded garlic, sweet potato and saba banana.

Marikina's festivities are rich in culture, tradition, and the people themselves. Several ancestral houses can be found along J. P. Rizal Street in Barangay Santa Elena. Teatro Marikina is the center of the performing arts in Marikina. The traditional dance in Marikina is Lerion, the official folk dance of Marikina.^[65]

Some of the local festivities in Marikina include: Ilognayan Festival, a cultural event that is about letting the people know about the Marikina River's significance which is held in February along the Marikina River; Ka-Angkan Festival is a feast that coincides with the founding anniversary of Marikina on April 16. It is an event that honors the large native clans of the city that have unique monikers; Marikina Christmas Festival/Shopalooza/ChristmaSaya, is a long holiday festival filled with stalls selling a wide variety of goods at affordable prices. The festival starts as early as October, and runs until February of the following year, mostly concentrated in Marikina River Park and Riverbanks Center; Rehiyon-Rehiyon Festival, a festival that showcases the various ethnic groups that make up the people of Marikina. It serves as a tribute to the active community who came from other regions of the country and chose to settle in Marikina. It proves that unity can be achieved despite diverse backgrounds and different dialects. The festival celebrates every year on December 8, when Marikina was established as a city; and lastly, the Sapatos Festival, since Marikina was tagged as the Shoe Capital, the city celebrates the Sapatos Festival every year, from mid-September until the year ends. This is a celebration of the ingenuity and craftsmanship of shoemakers in Marikina. It gives due recognition to their hardship and the local shoe industry itself.

Sports

Teams

 

Marikina Sports Center

Marikina's professional basketball team is the Marikina Shoemasters of the Maharlika Pilipinas Basketball League (MPBL), which joined the league in the 2018–19 season. Its volleyball counterpart, the Marikina Lady Shoemasters are one of the founding members of the grassroots Maharlika Pilipinas Volleyball Association (MPVA). Marikina also used to be home to JPV Marikina F.C., which last played in the Philippines Football League (PFL) in 2018.

Marikina Sports Center

Main article: Marikina Sports Center

Marikina Sports Center is located at the corner of Sumulong Highway and Shoe Avenue, is a prominent structure located in Marikina and a notable sports complex in the Philippines.

It features the football field and athletics stadium consisting of an athletics oval track, a 64-meter (210 ft) wide natural grass pitch, bicycle track, and two grandstands; the West and East Stands. The grandstands have a total seating capacity of 15,000 people. Between the West Stand and the athletics track, the basketball, volleyball, badminton, and tennis courts are located. The West Stand is situated along Shoe Avenue while the East Stand is connected to Marikina Sports Center indoor facilities such as an Olympic-size swimming pool inside an aquatics center that can accommodate 2,000 spectators, an 8-story sports building, an indoor gymnasium with a capacity of 7,000 seats, and other establishments such as sports and souvenir shops, food stalls and convenience stores.

The area has been host to several sports competitions both regional, national, and international as well as entertainment such as grand concerts, finals night, live television shows, and other purposes.

Transportation

Public transport and road networks

Public transportation within the city, like in most of the urban areas in the Philippines, is facilitated mostly using jeepneys and buses. Tricycles and pedicabs give access to more secluded areas, while taxicabs and a carpooling transport system are available throughout the city. FX taxis have begun to compete directly with jeepneys on major roads while UV Express transport services are also available in selected terminals. BFCT East Metro Transport Terminal located in Marikina–Infanta Highway-C5 Interchange near SM Marikina is a major public transport terminal east of Metro Manila. It is a part of decongesting the traffic in Metro Manila and other neighboring areas that offer interisland bus service destinations.^[66]

In the early 2000s, Marikina became one of the pioneers in promoting a "bicycle-friendly" city by building bike lanes along major roads and city streets. The local government constructed a 66-kilometer network of bikeways to help reduce air pollution, greenhouse gas emissions, fuel consumption, and traffic congestion in the city.^[67] The bikeways project provides an estimated annual savings of 250 tons/km of carbon dioxide, 0.02 tons of particulate matter, and 0.13 tons of NOx.^[67] The World Health Organization awarded the project in 2008 in the category of climate change and health.^[67] In 2012, the longest bike lane during that time was opened along the stretch of the Marikina–Infanta Highway.^[68]

In January 2016, the city government of Marikina invented the "AMV" or "Adaptive Mobile Vehicle" for PWDs or Persons with Disabilities and Senior Citizens. The "AMV" is a wheelchair vehicle or can put a wheelchair inside. The local government of Marikina wants to be a "friendly city" for the Senior Citizens.

Marikina River is the main waterway in Marikina and is used by local fisherfolk as a mode of river transport. River ferry terminals are still not operational in the city due to the threat of overflowing water in the river during heavy downpours or typhoon season.

 

Marcos Highway and LRT-2 Line

 

Marikina Bridge

 

LRT-2 Line Bridge (in front) and Marcos Bridge (behind)

Road network

See also: List of roads in Metro Manila § Marikina

Marikina is accessed by the following major roads and thoroughfares:

•   N59/R-6: Marikina–Infanta Highway (known as Marilaque Highway and Marcos Highway)
•   N11: FVR (Fidel V. Ramos) Road (known as C5 Access Road)
• Sumulong Highway
• A. Bonifacio Avenue
• J. P. Rizal Street
• Mayor Gil Fernando Avenue
• Shoe Avenue
• Bayan-Bayanan Avenue
• General Ordoñez Avenue
• Bagong Farmers Avenue 1
• Lilac Street
• Katipunan Street
• Liwasan Kalayaan Street
• Eraño G. Manalo Street
• Major Dizon Street
• Fortune Avenue
• Champaca Street

Bridges and overpass

Marikina is accessed by the following major bridges:

• Marikina Bridge (spans Marikina River)
• Marcos Bridge (spans Marikina River)
• President Diosdado Macapagal Bridge (spans Marikina River)
• SM Marikina Access Bridge (spans Marikina River; outer bridge of Marcos Bridge, access to SM City Marikina)
• Gil Fernando Bridge (spans Marikina River; known as Tumana Bridge)
• LRT Line 2 Bridge (spans Marikina River)
• Nangka Bridge (spans Nangka River, boundary bridge between Marikina and San Mateo, Rizal)
• Barangka Flyover (boundary overpass between Marikina and Quezon City)

Water transport

The Marikina River ferry service was to begin operation with the opening of the Riverbanks and Sta. Elena ferry stations in 2008, but due to the onslaught of Tropical Storm Ketsana in 2009 and heavy rainfalls and storms the following years that caused the river to overflowed, the ferry service was canceled and ceased operation. Recently, the Metropolitan Manila Development Authority is looking into plans of extending the Pasig River Ferry Service route to reach Marikina River and give commuters on the eastern side of Metro Manila an alternative and faster mode of transportation but it still undergoing vehicular planning.^[69]

Rail transport

 

Marikina–Pasig LRT station in the scope of Barangay San Roque

See also: LRT Line 2 (Metro Manila) § East Extension

The LRT Line 2 runs through the city, operated by the Light Rail Transit Authority. The current elevated light rail metro stations in use are Santolan station between the border of Barangay Calumpang in Marikina and Barangay Santolan in Pasig, and Marikina–Pasig station in Barangay San Roque, both are located on the stretch of Marikina–Infanta Highway. These stations connect to the west-end, Recto station in the City of Manila, and connect to the east-end terminus, Antipolo station in Antipolo, Rizal.

The following light rail metro stations in the city:

Line 2 (with 2 stations)

•   Santolan
•   Marikina–Pasig

MRT Line 7 Katipunan Spur Line

See also: MRT Line 7 (Metro Manila) § Phase 5 (Katipunan spur)

Plans were also laid out for a 13.9-kilometer (8.6 mi) additional spur line, known as the MRT Line 7 Katipunan Spur Line, that aims to connect the line from MRT-7 Tandang Sora station to the east of Metro Manila.^[70] The proposed spur line will traverse in Marikina through Andres Bonifacio Avenue, Sumulong Highway, and Mayor Gil Fernando Avenue.

Line 7 (with 3 proposed stations)

•   Riverbanks
•   Sumulong
•   Emerald–Marikina (connected to Line 2)

Old Marikina Line (Rosario-Montalban branch)

See also: List of Philippine National Railways stations § Rosario-Montalban branch

The Manila Railroad Company (now Philippine National Railways) beforehand a line to Montalban (now Rodriguez, Rizal) traversing Marikina with the main station and three flag stations in Santo Niño, Bayan-Bayanan, and Nangka, started its operation in 1906. Currently, there is a road named "Daangbakal", also called by the present names of "Shoe Avenue Extension", "Munding Avenue" and "Bagong Silang", these roads are formerly the old tracks of Marikina Line from Tramo (now Rosario, Pasig) traversing Marikina connected up to San Mateo and ended in Montalban. In 1936, passenger operations ceased and after World War II, the line and its stations totally abandoned.

Proposed cable car system

The Manila Urban Cable Car project plans to pilot a 4.5-kilometer (2.8 mi) alignment following the Marikina River profile. The proposed line will connect the Santolan station and the planned MRT-4 along Ortigas Avenue Extension in Pasig. In Marikina, from LRT-2 Santolan Station, the cable line passes through Barangay Calumpang, and Barangay Industrial Valley between FVR Road and Marikina River before heading to Eastwood City area and Pasig City. The planned cable car system would have a detachable gondola lift with enclosed 10-seater cabins. Based on the project briefer, there will be around 180 cabins. End-to-end travel time is estimated to be around 16 minutes.^[71]

Manila Urban Cable Car System (with 1 proposed station):

• LRT-2 Santolan-Marikina

Public services and utilities

 

Amang Rodriguez Memorial Medical Center

 

Emergency Operation Center

 

Marikina Police Memorial

Health facilities

See also: List of hospitals in Metro Manila § Marikina

Marikina Health Office is a center of health services in the city and responsible for providing healthcare services as well as planning and implementing the healthcare programs provided by the city government. It operates health centers and lying-in clinics in each barangay to provide basic medical services in the community.

Amang Rodriguez Memorial Medical Center is a major public hospital in Marikina and one of the largest medical facilities in the east of Metro Manila and Rizal Province, while Marikina Valley Medical Center is a private hospital that provides the best services and state-of-the-art facilities. Other major private hospitals include Garcia General Hospital, Marikina Doctors Hospital and Medical Center, SDS Medical Center, St. Anthony Medical Center, and St. Vincent General Hospital.

Safety and security

Marikina Rescue 161 is a 24-hour emergency service that responds to all calls within the city for assistance during emergency situations in 5 minutes. The office also conducts seminars and training on first-aid among its staff to upgrade skills especially Marikina is vulnerable to calamities like floods, fire, and earthquakes.

Marikina Police Station is responsible for law enforcement, under the Eastern Police District (EPD) of National Capital Region Police Office (NCRPO) of the Philippine National Police (PNP).

Marikina Fire Department provides fire and emergency services, under Fire District IV (FD4) known as the Eastern District Fire of Bureau of Fire Protection National Capital Region (BFPNCR) of Department of the Interior and Local Government (DILG).

Education

 

OLOPSC Quadrangle

 

Marikina Polytechnic College

 

Marikina Science High School

Pamantasan ng Lungsod ng Marikina (PLMar) is the first city government-funded university to offer different courses while Marikina Polytechnic College (MPC) is a city-state technical college that offers mostly technical courses, both are government-owned institutions. Another is FEU Roosevelt Marikina, a prominent college institution, is a private non-sectarian college named in honor of the American president Franklin D. Roosevelt and it is considered as the oldest academic institution in eastern Metro Manila.^[72]

Sectarian schools also offer college courses such as Mother of Divine Providence School, National Christian Life College and Our Lady of Perpetual Succor College (OLOPSC). Numerous campuses of information technology and computer colleges are also growing in the city. Technical Education and Skills Development Authority (TESDA) located near the city hall, is responsible for managing and supervising technical education and skills development in the city.

Marikina Science High School (MSHS), is the first city public science high school in Marikina. Marikina Catholic School is a private sectarian institution and it is considered as the city's center of Catholic educational institution located in Our Lady of the Abandoned Parish complex. Manila Boystown Complex, is a Manila city government-owned institution, the facility is exclusively for abandoned, forgotten, and voluntarily surrendered children, teenagers, and senior citizens.

Preschools, daycare centers, and numerous private schools for elementary and high school are scattered all over the city including Ingenium School and Charis School. Exclusive schools such as Marist School and St. Scholastica's Academy are also found in the city.

Each barangay in Marikina has at least one public primary or one public secondary school. A total of 17 primary public schools and 13 secondary public schools in the city is under the supervision of Department of Education's Division of City Schools Marikina.^[73]

Media

Marikina has its own radio station, Radyo Marikina, a community station owned and operated by the city government. It is considered the first local government radio station in the Philippines. Its frequency is 1674 kHz in Metro Manila. The studio is located at the Public Information Office on the second floor of Marikina City Hall.

The PMCC 4th Watch, a religious group with headquarters at this city, owns and supervises Life TV and Life Radio. Their studios are located at NCLC Building in Barangay Santo Niño. Life TV broadcasts through BEAM TV nationwide digital television broadcast, in UHF Channel 50 and SkyCable channel 44.

Sister cities

Marikina has sister cities and friendship agreements with foreign and local cities.

 

Wikinews has related news:

• Brampton, Canada and Marikina, Philippines seeing double as cities twin

International
Brampton, Ontario, Canada (2005)^[74]   Pendleton, Oregon, United States (1971)^[75]^[76]   Sakai, Ibaraki, Japan (2017)^[77]   Yeongdo, Busan, South Korea (2012)^[78]
Local
Alaminos, Pangasinan^[79] Bacolod, Negros Occidental (1997)^[80]^[81] Davao City, Davao Region^[82] Iloilo City, Iloilo^[83]

Notable personalities

• Julia Barretto – actress
• Andi Eigenmann – actress
• Marck Espejo – volleyball player
• Elise Estrada – Filipino Canadian singer and composer
• Agot Isidro – singer
• Ara Mina – actress and TV host
• Cristine Reyes – actress
• Rhea Santos – newscasting journalist
• Eva Le Queen – drag performer, Drag Race Philippines (Season 1) contestant
• M1ss Jade So – drag performer, Drag Race Philippines (Season 2) contestant

See also

• Giant shoes of Marikina
• Legislative districts of Marikina
• List of renamed cities and municipalities in the Philippines

Notes

1. There were different reports on Marikina River's peak water level (above sea level) during Tropical Storm Ondoy in 2009:^[46]
   • 21.5 meters, according to the city government in 2020;^[47][48]
   • 22.16 meters, as recorded by the Japan International Cooperation Agency;
   • 22.8 meters, as mentioned in a study;^[27]
   • 23 meters, as stated by then city mayor Maria Lourdes Fernando,^[49] and as per various reports at the time.
   In 2020, during Typhoon Ulysses, the river's water level reached as high as 22 meters. City mayor Marcelino Teodoro said it surpassed the one during Ondoy (21.5 m);^[46][47] at least a news outlet said it was "a meter less than" that during Ondoy.^[50]
   
   Normal water level at the river: 14 meters^[49]

References

1.  City of Marikina | (DILG)
2. "2015 Census of Population, Report No. 3 – Population, Land Area, and Population Density" (PDF). Philippine Statistics Authority. Quezon City, Philippines. August 2016. ISSN 0117-1453. (PDF) from the original on May 25, 2021. Retrieved July 16, 2021.
3. Census of Population (2020). "National Capital Region (NCR)". Total Population by Province, City, Municipality and Barangay. Philippine Statistics Authority. Retrieved July 8, 2021.
4. "PSA releases the 2015 Municipal and City Level Poverty Estimates". Quezon City, Philippines. Retrieved January 1, 2020.
5. "The History of Marikina's Shoe Industry : Philippine Art, Culture and Antiquities". artesdelasfilipinas.com. Retrieved September 8, 2023.
6. . Marikina On The Go, Marikina Science High School. Archived from the original on March 4, 2016. Retrieved February 28, 2015.
7. "Which regions, provinces, cities are Philippines' richest?". ABS-CBN News. ABS-CBN Corporation. November 19, 2015.
8. "Marikina shoemakers and retailers talk about their city and their SM | Sunday Life, Lifestyle Features, The Philippine Star". The Philippine Star. April 17, 2011. Retrieved March 13, 2014.
9. (PDF). Dlsu.edu.ph. Archived from the original (PDF) on January 10, 2015. Retrieved March 13, 2014.
10. "World's Largest Shoes". Atlas Obscura. Retrieved March 13, 2014.
11. . Archived from the original on December 11, 2021. Retrieved April 5, 2022.
12. "Features". Philippine Information Agency.
13. . marikina.gov.ph. Archived from the original on June 18, 2004.
14. "Gutenberg". June 11, 2006.
15. "History of Marikina". December 9, 2013.
16. "Isabel Berenguer de Marquina". Geni. April 28, 2022.
17. "About Marikina City". Lions Club of Marikina. April 24, 2024.
18. "Marikina River". Steemit. January 22, 2018.
19. List of Philippine National Railways stations#Rosario-Montalban branch
20. "Railways of old in Manila and Rizal | Caught (up) in traffic". D0ctrine.com. November 8, 2011. Retrieved March 13, 2014.
21. Com, Pacificwrecks. "Marikina Airfield". Pacific Wrecks. Retrieved March 13, 2014.
22. "Railways of old in Manila and Rizal". November 8, 2011.
23. Pante, Michael D. (February 2017). "Quezon's City: Corruption and contradiction in Manila's prewar suburbia, 1935–1941" (PDF). Cambridge.org. Retrieved May 29, 2022.
24. Commonwealth Act No. 659 (June 21, 1941), An act to amend sections two , three , twelve , nineteen , twenty , twenty - one , twenty - four , and twenty - seven of Commonwealth Act numbered five hundred and two , and inserting new sections therein, to be known as sections thirteen-A, twenty-one-A, twenty-one-B, twenty-one-C, twenty-one-D, twenty-one-E, twenty-one-F, AND twenty-one-G, retrieved August 7, 2021
25. "Guzman elected Marikina mayor". The Manila Times. The Manila Times Publishing Company, Inc. November 13, 1959. De Guzman, a political neophyte who ran as a Grand Alliance candidate, defeated four more seasoned political rivals, including Mayor Gil Fernando.
26. Presidential Decree No. 824 (November 7, 1975), Creating the Metropolitan Manila and the Metropolitan Manila Commission and for other purposes, retrieved October 2, 2023
27. Espina, Nicasio Jr. (2018). "Planning for Climate Resilient Barangays in the Philippines: The Case of Barangay Tumana in Marikina City, Metro Manila". Academic Commons, Columbia University Libraries. Consilience: The Journal of Sustainable Development. doi:10.7916/D8MD0GZ3. Retrieved October 2, 2023.
28. Richburg, Keith (October 26, 1988). "Hundreds feared dead in typhoon in Philippines". The Washington Post. Retrieved October 2, 2023.
29. Haulman, Daniel (1998). The United States Air Force and Humanitarian Airlift Operations, 1947-1994. Washington, D.C.: Air Force History and Museums Program. p. 516. ISBN 0-16-049697-7. Retrieved October 2, 2023 – via Google Books.
30. "(Untitled)" (PDF). Open JICA Report, Japan International Cooperation Agency. n.d. Retrieved October 2, 2023.
31. "Worst typhoons of the Philippines (1947 - 2009)". typhoon2000.com. 2010.
32. Antolin, Arkhon (July 19, 1994). "Marikina council vs. movie on rape-slays". Manila Standard. Manila, Philippines. p. 16. Retrieved October 1, 2023 – via Google Books.
33. "The Nineties # 517". Video48. February 11, 2023. Retrieved October 1, 2023.
34. Antolin, Arkhon (January 14, 1994). "Second victim for 1994, Marikina rapists still on the loose?". Manila Standard. Manila, Philippines. p. 7. Retrieved October 1, 2023 – via Google Books.
35. Antolin, Arkhon (January 31, 1994). "Suspected rapist slain in Marikina". Manila Standard. Manila, Philippines. p. 6. Retrieved October 1, 2023 – via Google Books.
36. de Quiros, Conrado (January 1, 2013). "There's the Rub (column): The villain". Philippine Daily Inquirer. Retrieved October 1, 2023.
37. Republic Act No. 8223 (November 6, 1996), An Act converting the Municipality of Marikina into a highly urbanized city to be known as the City of Marikina, retrieved May 29, 2022
38. Fabella, Ferdinand (December 8, 1996). "Low turnout noted in Marikina cityhood plebiscite". Manila Standard. Manila, Philippines. p. 7. Retrieved October 1, 2023 – via Google News Archive.
39. Fabella, Ferdinand (December 5, 1996). "Marikina votes on cityhood Dec. 7". Manila Standard. Manila, Philippines. p. 6. Retrieved October 2, 2023 – via Google News Archive.
40. Fabella, Ferdinand (December 9, 1996). "Marikina is now a city". Manila Standard. Manila, Philippines. p. 6. Retrieved October 1, 2023 – via Google News Archive.
41. Jacinto, Gerry (December 10, 1996). "Marikina congressman hits smear campaign on cityhood". Manila Standard. Manila, Philippines. p. 8. Retrieved October 1, 2023 – via Google News Archive.
42. Samonte, Severino (February 23, 2023). "Glimpses & Gazes: Novaliches: The 11th Metro Manila city that never was". Philippine News Agency. Retrieved October 1, 2023.
43. (PDF). www.congress.gov.ph. Archived from the original (PDF) on June 29, 2011. Retrieved January 11, 2022.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
44. Republic Act No. 9431 (April 10, 2007), An Act creating a barangay to be known as Barangay Fortune in the City of Marikina, Metro Manila, retrieved October 2, 2023
45. Republic Act No. 9432 (April 10, 2007), An Act creating a barangay to be known as Barangay Tumana in the City of Marikina, Metro Manila, retrieved October 2, 2023
46. . CNN Philippines. November 13, 2020. Archived from the original on October 5, 2023. Retrieved October 2, 2023.
47. "Marikina under state of calamity after Typhoon Ulysses". Rappler. November 13, 2020. Retrieved October 2, 2023.
48. Patag, Kristine Joy (November 12, 2020). "Marikina River water level breaches Ondoy's record". Philstar.com. Retrieved October 2, 2023.
49. Alquitran, Non (October 8, 2009). "P10 billion worth of Marikina property lost to 'Ondoy'". The Philippine Star. Retrieved October 2, 2023.
50. Casinas, Jhon Aldrin (November 13, 2020). "Marikina City under state of calamity". Manila Bulletin. Retrieved October 2, 2023.
51. Effects of tropical cyclone Ondoy in Marikina:
    • Pulumbarit, Veronica (September 1, 2010). "Marikina City to honor Ondoy victims on September 26". GMA News Online. Retrieved October 2, 2023.
    • Tomacruz, Sofia (November 12, 2020). "In Marikina, Typhoon Ulysses brings Ondoy flashbacks". Rappler. Retrieved October 2, 2023.
52. 2018 tropical cyclones affecting Marikina:
    • Enano, Jhesset (July 24, 2018). "State of calamity declared in Marikina; over 5K residents evacuated". Philippine Daily Inquirer. Retrieved October 2, 2023.
    • de Guzman, Chad (August 13, 2018). . CNN Philippines. Archived from the original on October 5, 2023. Retrieved October 2, 2023.
53. Effects of tropical cyclone Ulysses in Marikina:
    • Gregorio, Xave; Los Baños, Mae Anne (November 13, 2020). "Marikina under state of calamity after 'Ulysses' flooding". Philstar.com. Retrieved October 2, 2023.
    • Klippe, Andreas (December 16, 2021). "Typhoon Stories Part 3: Flooding during Typhoon Ulysses — did Marikina River Overflow cause that?". Flood Control Asia. Retrieved October 2, 2023.
54. . marikina.gov.ph. Archived from the original on June 18, 2004.
55. . Marikenya.Com. Archived from the original on January 12, 2014. Retrieved March 13, 2014.
56. NSCB Philippine Standard Geographic Codes – City of Marikina September 4, 2003, at the Wayback Machine
57. Census of Population (2015). "National Capital Region (NCR)". Total Population by Province, City, Municipality and Barangay. Philippine Statistics Authority. Retrieved June 20, 2016.
58. Census of Population and Housing (2010). "National Capital Region (NCR)" (PDF). Total Population by Province, City, Municipality and Barangay. National Statistics Office. Retrieved June 29, 2016.
59. Censuses of Population (1903–2007). "National Capital Region (NCR)". Table 1. Population Enumerated in Various Censuses by Province/Highly Urbanized City: 1903 to 2007. National Statistics Office.{{cite encyclopedia}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
60. "Province of". Municipality Population Data. Local Water Utilities Administration Research Division. Retrieved December 17, 2016.
61. "The Show Industry of Marikina City, Philippines : A Developing-Country Cluster in Crisis". Journals.upd.edu.ph. Retrieved March 13, 2014.
62. Roosevelt College Cainta. Student's Organizer and Reminder: A Guidebook for Students SY2016-SY2017
63. "Palace man is MMC head; 7 OICs named". Manila Standard. Standard Publications, Inc. December 2, 1987. p. 8. Retrieved August 30, 2023.
64. "Marikina City Seal | Inside Marikina". Marikinacity.wordpress.com. April 1, 2009. Retrieved March 13, 2014.
65. . Archived from the original on March 2, 2016. Retrieved November 29, 2015.
66. "BFCT East Transport Terminal".
67. "Promoting Non-Motorized Transport in Asian Cities: Policymakers' Toolbox" (PDF). UN Habitat. December 2013. Retrieved August 7, 2021.
68. Carcamo, Dennis. "MMDA opens 2nd bike lane in Marikina". The Philippine Star. Philstar Global Corp. Retrieved July 1, 2018.
69. "MMDA eyes to extend Pasig ferry service to reach Marikina River | Inquirer News". January 21, 2021.
70. "MRT 7 Katipunan Spur Line Project | PPP Center".
71. "Marikina-Ortigas cable car project up for NEDA body approval". June 4, 2021.
72. . Archived from the original on February 18, 2012. Retrieved June 8, 2021.
73. "Schools Division Office - Marikina City". depedmarikina.ph. Retrieved March 13, 2023.
74. (PDF). Brampton, Canada: Economic Development Office, Brampton City. April 2014. Archived from the original (PDF) on February 15, 2015.
75. Del Rosario, Simeon G. (1974). How Martial Law Saved Democracy in the Philippines. Quezon City: SGR Research & Publishing. p. 28. Retrieved April 19, 2022. Pendelton [sic] is a sister city of Marikina.
76. "Counties/Cities". Oregon Bluebook, 89-90. Barbara Roberts. 1990. p. 369. ISBN 0-924540-00-1. Retrieved April 19, 2022.
77. PIO Department (March 6, 2018). . Marikina. Archived from the original on July 1, 2018. Retrieved July 1, 2018.
78. (PDF). Department of the Interior and Local Government. November 2011. Archived from the original (PDF) on July 22, 2018.
79. . Balita. September 29, 2009. Archived from the original on February 19, 2017. Retrieved February 20, 2015.
80. An ordinance naming 27th Street as "Marikina Street" in honor of Marikina City (PDF) (Ordinance). Bacolod City Council. November 25, 1997. WHEREAS, on April 8, 1997, the Sangguniang Panlungsod of Bacolod passed Resolution No. 313 approving the Sister City Relationship...
81. . SunStar. August 22, 2013. Archived from the original on February 20, 2015. Retrieved February 20, 2015.
82. Leonen, Julius (June 27, 2018). "Marikina inks sister city agreement with Davao". INQUIRER.net. Retrieved July 1, 2018.
83. . Balita. October 1, 2009. Archived from the original on February 19, 2017. Retrieved February 20, 2015.

External links

 

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Marikina.

 

Wikivoyage has a travel guide for Marikina.

• Official website
• Philippine Standard Geographic Code
•   Geographic data related to Marikina at OpenStreetMap

Preceded by Manila

Capital of Manila 1898–1899

Succeeded by Manila