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Wikipedia

Jeopardy!

March 06, 2023

"Jeopardy", "Double Jeopardy!", and "Final Jeopardy!" redirect here. For other uses, see Jeopardy (disambiguation), Double Jeopardy (disambiguation), and Final Jeopardy (disambiguation).

Jeopardy! is an American game show created by Merv Griffin. The show is a quiz competition that reverses the traditional question-and-answer format of many quiz shows. Rather than being given questions, contestants are instead given general knowledge clues in the form of answers and they must identify the person, place, thing, or idea that the clue describes, phrasing each response in the form of a question.

Jeopardy!
GenreGame show
Created byMerv Griffin
Directed by
  • Bob Hultgren
  • Eleanor Tarshis
  • Jeff Goldstein
  • Dick Schneider
  • Kevin McCarthy
  • Clay Jacobsen
  • Russell Norman
Presented by
Narrated by
Theme music composer
  • Julann Griffin
  • Merv Griffin
Ending theme"Think!"
Country of originUnited States
Original languageEnglish
No. of seasons39
No. of episodesover 8,000[2]
Production
Executive producers
Producersee below
Production locationsAlex Trebek Stage (formerly Stage 10)
Sony Pictures Studios, Culver City
Running time22–26 minutes
Production companies
DistributorKing World Productions (1984–2007)
CBS Media Ventures (2007–present)
Release
Original networkNBC (1964–1979)
Syndication (1974–1975, 1984–present)
Original releaseMarch 30, 1964 (1964-03-30) –
present
Chronology
Related

The original daytime version debuted on NBC on March 30, 1964, and aired until January 3, 1975. A nighttime syndicated edition aired weekly from September 1974 to September 1975, and a revival, The All-New Jeopardy!, ran on NBC from October 1978 to March 1979 on weekdays. The syndicated show familiar with modern viewers and produced daily (currently by Sony Pictures Television[a]) premiered on September 10, 1984.

Art Fleming served as host for all versions of the show between 1964 and 1979. Don Pardo served as announcer until 1975, and John Harlan announced for the 1978–1979 season. The daily syndicated version premiered in 1984 with Alex Trebek as host and Johnny Gilbert as announcer. Trebek hosted until his death, with his last episode airing January 8, 2021, after over 35 years in the role. Following his death, a variety of guest hosts completed the season[3] beginning with consulting producer and former contestant Ken Jennings, each hosting for a few weeks before passing the role onto someone else. Since September 2021, after then-executive producer Mike Richards assumed, then relinquished within a week, the position of permanent host,[4] Jennings and Mayim Bialik have served as permanent rotating hosts of the syndicated series. While Bialik was originally arranged to host additional primetime specials on ABC, and spin-offs, the announcement of Jeopardy! Masters in 2023 meant these duties were shared as well.

Currently in its 39th season, Jeopardy! is one of the longest-running game shows of all time. The show has consistently enjoyed a wide viewership and received many accolades from professional television critics. With over 8,000 episodes aired,[2] the daily syndicated version of Jeopardy! has won a record 39 Daytime Emmy Awards as well as a Peabody Award. In 2013, the program was ranked No. 45 on TV Guide's list of the 60 greatest shows in American television history. Jeopardy! has also gained a worldwide following with regional adaptations in many other countries.

Gameplay

Each game of Jeopardy! features three contestants competing in three rounds: the Jeopardy! round, the Double Jeopardy! round, and the Final Jeopardy! round.[5] In each round, contestants are presented trivia clues phrased as answers, to which they must respond in the form of a question that correctly identifies whatever the clue is describing.[5] For example, if a contestant were to select "Presidents for $200", the resulting clue could be "This 'Father of Our Country' didn't really chop down a cherry tree", to which the correct response is "Who is/was George Washington?"

 
The layout of the Jeopardy! game board since November 26, 2001, showing the dollar values used in the first round (in the second round, the values are doubled). Categories at the top of the board vary between each round and episode.

The Jeopardy! and Double Jeopardy! rounds each feature large electronic game boards consisting of six categories with five clues each. The clues are valued by dollar amounts from lowest to highest, ostensibly by difficulty.[5] The values of the clues increased over time, with those in the Double Jeopardy! round always being double the range of the Jeopardy! round.[5] On the original Jeopardy! series, clue values in the first round ranged from $10 to $50 in the Jeopardy! round and $20 to $100 in Double Jeopardy![6] On The All-New Jeopardy!, they ranged from $25 to $125 and $50 to $250. The 1984 series' first round originally ranged from $100 to $500 in Jeopardy! and $200 to $1,000 in Double Jeopardy![5] These ranges were increased to $200–$1,000 and $400–$2,000, respectively, on November 26, 2001.[7]

Gameplay begins when the returning champion (or in Tournament of Champions play, the highest seeded player, or in all tournaments' second or final round play, the player with the highest score in the previous round) selects a clue by indicating its category and dollar value on the game board. The two (or if there is no returning champion, three) challengers, or in non-Tournament of Champions play, first round tournament contestants, participate in a random draw prior to taping to determine contestant order, and if there is no returning champion or in first round play of regular tournaments, the contestant who drew the first lectern starts first. The underlying clue is revealed and read aloud by the host, after which any contestant may ring in using a lock-out device. The first contestant to ring in successfully is prompted to respond to the clue by stating a question containing the correct answer to the clue. Any grammatically coherent question with the correct answer within it counts as a correct response.[8] If the contestant responds correctly, its dollar value is added to the contestant's score, and they may select a new clue from the board. An incorrect response or a failure to respond within five seconds deducts the clue's value from the contestant's score and allows the other contestants the opportunity to ring in and respond. If the response is not technically incorrect but otherwise judged too vague to be correct, the contestant is given additional time to provide a more specific response.[5] Whenever none of the contestants ring in and respond correctly, the host gives the correct response, and the player who selected the previous clue chooses the next clue.[9] Gameplay continues until the board is cleared or the round's time length expires, which is typically indicated by a beeping sound. The contestant who has the lowest score selects the first clue to start the Double Jeopardy! round.[9] If there is a tie for the contestant with the lowest score, the contestant with the last correct question among the tied players will select first in the round, a rule change since season 38 (2021) and made public on an August 2022 show podcast.[10]

A "Daily Double" clue is hidden behind one clue in the Jeopardy! round, and two in Double Jeopardy![5] The name and inspiration were taken from a horse-racing term.[11] Daily Double clues with a sound component are known as "Audio Daily Doubles", and clues with a video component are known as "Video Daily Doubles". Before the clue is revealed, the contestant who has selected the Daily Double must declare a wager, from a minimum of $5 to a maximum of his or her entire score (known as a "true Daily Double") or the highest clue value available in the round, whichever is greater.[9][12] Only the contestant who chooses the Daily Double is allowed to answer the clue and they must provide a response. A correct response adds the value of the wager to the contestant's score while an incorrect response (or failure to provide any response at all) deducts the same value. Whether or not the contestant responds correctly, they choose the next clue.[9]

During the Jeopardy! round, contestants are not penalized for forgetting to phrase their response in the form of a question, although the host will remind them to watch their phrasing in future responses if they do. In the Double Jeopardy! round and in the Daily Double in the Jeopardy! round, the phrasing rule is followed more strictly, with a response only able to be ruled as correct if it is phrased properly in question form. A contestant who initially does not phrase a response in the form of a question must re-phrase it before the host rules against them.[12]

Contestants are encouraged to select the clues in order from lowest to highest value, as the clues are sometimes written in each category to flow from one to the next, as is the case with game shows that ask questions in a linear string. Deviating from this is known as the "Forrest Bounce", a strategy in which contestants randomly pick clues to confuse opponents that was first used in 1985 by Chuck Forrest, who won over $70,000 in his initial run as champion. Trebek expressed that this strategy not only annoyed him but the staffers as well since it also disrupts the rhythm that develops when revealing the clues and increases the potential for error.[13] Another strategy used by some contestants is to play all of the higher-valued clues first and build up a substantial lead, starting at the bottom of the board. James Holzhauer, whose April–June 2019 winning streak included the ten highest single-day game totals, regularly used this strategy, in conjunction with the Forrest Bounce and aggressive Daily Double wagering.[14]

From the premiere of the original Jeopardy! until the end of the 1984–85 syndicated season, contestants were allowed to ring in as soon as the clue was revealed. Since September 1985, contestants have been required to wait until the clue is read before ringing in. To accommodate the rule change, lights were added to the game board (unseen by home viewers) to signify when it is permissible for contestants to signal.[15] Attempting to signal before the light goes on locks the contestant out for half of a second.[16] The change was made to allow the home audience to play along more easily and to keep an extremely fast contestant from potentially dominating the game. In pre-1985 episodes, a sound accompanied a contestant ringing in. According to Trebek, the sound was eliminated because it was "distracting to the viewers" and presented a problem when contestants rang in while Trebek was still reading the clue.[15] Contestants who are visually impaired or blind have been given a card with the category names printed in Braille before each round begins.[17][18]

To ensure fairness in competition and accuracy in scores, the judges double-check their own rulings throughout the production of each episode. If it is determined at any point that a previous response was wrongly ruled correct or incorrect during the taping of an episode, the scores are adjusted at the first available opportunity, almost always either at the start of the round or right before a Daily Double clue is revealed, with the host providing any necessary explanation regarding the changes. If an error that may have affected the result is not discovered until after taping of an episode is completed, the affected contestant(s) are invited back to compete on a future show, complying with federal quiz show regulations.[19] However, this is rare, as most errors are found in the course of an episode's taping itself.

Contestants who finish Double Jeopardy! with $0 or a negative score are automatically eliminated from the game at that point and awarded a consolation prize. On at least one episode hosted by Art Fleming, all three contestants finished Double Jeopardy! with $0 or less, and as a result, no Final Jeopardy! round was played.[20] This rule is still in place for the syndicated version, although staff has suggested that it is not set in stone and they may decide to display the clue for home viewers' play if such a situation were ever to occur.[21]

Final Jeopardy!

The Final Jeopardy! round features a single clue. At the end of the Double Jeopardy! round, the host announces the Final Jeopardy! category and a commercial break follows. Contestants who finish Double Jeopardy! with less than $1 do not participate in this round. During the break, partitions are placed between the contestant lecterns, and each contestant makes a final wager; they may wager any amount of their earnings, but may not wager certain numbers with connotations that are deemed inappropriate.[22] Contestants write their wagers using a light pen on an electronic display on their lectern, and are limited to five minutes (although the limit may be adjusted if production issues delay the resumption of taping). During this time, contestants also phrase the question, which is pre-written during the wager. [23] After the break, the Final Jeopardy! clue is revealed and read by the host. The contestants have 30 seconds to write their responses on the electronic display, while the show's "Think!" music plays. If either the display or the pen malfunctions, contestants can manually write their responses and wagers using an index card and marker, although the index card has the required phrasing pre-printed on each side ("Who/What"). Visually impaired or blind contestants typically type their responses and wagers with a computer keyboard.[17][18]

Contestants' responses are revealed in order of their pre-Final Jeopardy! scores from lowest to highest. Once a correct response is revealed the host confirms it. Otherwise, the host reveals the correct response if all contestants responded incorrectly. A correct response adds the amount of the contestant's wager to his/her score. A miss, failure to respond, insufficiently specific response, misspelling that affects the pronunciation of the answer, or failure to phrase the response as a question (even if correct) deducts it.[9]

The contestant with the highest score at the end of the round is that day's winner. If there is a tie for second place, consolation prizes are awarded based on the scores going into the Final Jeopardy! round. If all three contestants finish with $0, no one returns as champion for the next show, and based on scores going into the Final Jeopardy! round, the two contestants who were first and second receive the second-place prize, and the contestant in third receives the third-place prize.

Various researchers have studied Final Jeopardy! wagering strategies. If the leader's score is more than twice the second place contestant's score (a situation known as a "runaway game"), the leader can guarantee victory by making a sufficiently small wager.[24]: 269  Otherwise, according to Jeopardy! College Champion Keith Williams, the leader usually wagers an amount that would be a dollar greater than twice the second place contestant's score, guaranteeing a win with a correct response.[25] Writing about Jeopardy! wagering in the 1990s, Gilbert and Hatcher said that "most players wager aggressively.”[24]: 269 

Winnings

The top scorer in each game is paid their winnings in cash and returns to play in the next match. Non-winners receive consolation prizes instead of their winnings in the game. As of May 16, 2002, consolation prizes have been $2,000 for the second-place contestant(s) and $1,000 for the third-place contestant.[26] Since travel and lodging are generally not provided for contestants, cash consolation prizes offset these costs. Production covers the cost of travel for returning champions and players invited back because of errors who must make multiple trips to Los Angeles. Production also covers the cost of travel if a tournament travels (does not stay in Los Angeles) on the second week.[27]

During Art Fleming's hosting run, all three contestants received their winnings in cash where applicable. This was changed at the start of Trebek's hosting run to avoid the problem of contestants who stopped participating in the game, or avoided wagering in Final Jeopardy!, rather than risk losing the money they had already won. This also allowed the increase to clue values since only one contestant's score is paid instead of three.[28] From 1984 to 2002, non-winning contestants on the Trebek version received vacation packages and merchandise, which were donated by manufacturers as promotional consideration. Since 2004, a presenting sponsor has provided cash prizes to the losing contestants. As of 2019, GEICO serves as the presenting sponsor of the consolation prizes, except for the Tournaments, which are sponsored by Consumer Cellular.[29]

Returning champions

The winner of each episode returns to compete against two new contestants on the next episode. Originally, a contestant who won five consecutive days retired undefeated and was guaranteed a spot in the Tournament of Champions. The five-day limit was eliminated September 8, 2003.[30]

In rare instances, contestants tie for first place. The rules related to ties have changed over time. Since November 2014,[31] ties for first place following Final Jeopardy! are broken with a tie-breaker clue, resulting in only a single champion being named, keeping their winnings, and returning to compete in the next show. The tied contestants are given the single clue, and the first contestant to buzz-in must give the correct question. A contestant cannot win by default if the opponent gives an incorrect question. The contestant must give a correct question to win the game. If neither player gives the correct question, another clue is given.[32] Previously, if two or all three contestants tied for first place, they were declared "co-champions", and each retained his or her winnings and (unless one was a five-time champion who retired prior to 2003) returned on the following episode. A tie occurred on the January 29, 2014, episode when Arthur Chu, leading at the end of Double Jeopardy!, wagered to tie challenger Carolyn Collins rather than winning. Chu followed Jeopardy! College Champion Keith Williams's advice to wager for the tie to increase the leader's chances of winning.[33][34] A three-way tie for first place has only occurred once on the Trebek version, on March 16, 2007, when Scott Weiss, Jamey Kirby, and Anders Martinson all ended the game with $16,000.[35] Until March 1, 2018,[31][36] no regular game had ended in a tie-breaker.

If no contestant finishes Final Jeopardy! with a positive total, there is no winner and three new contestants compete on the next episode. This has happened on several episodes, including the second episode hosted by Trebek.[37][38][39]

A winner unable to return as champion because of a change in personal circumstances – for example, illness or a job offer – may be allowed to appear as a co-champion in a later episode.[40][41][42]

Variations for tournament play

Throughout each season, Jeopardy! features various special tournaments for particular groups, including among others college students, teenagers, and teachers. Each year at the Tournament of Champions, the players who had won the most games and money in the previous season come back to compete against each other for a large cash prize. Tournaments generally feature 15 contestants and run for 10 consecutive episodes. They generally take place across three rounds: the quarterfinal round (five games), the semifinal round (three games), and the final round (two games).

The first five episodes, the quarterfinals, feature three new contestants each day. Other than in the Tournament of Champions, the quarterfinals are unseeded and contestants participate in a random draw to determine playing order and lectern positions over the course of the five games. The Tournament of Champions is seeded based on total winnings in regular games to determine playing order and lectern positions, with the top five players occupying the champion's lectern for the quarterfinal games. Since the removal of the five-game limit in regular gameplay, in the unlikely case of a tie in total winnings between two Tournament of Champions players, the player who won the most games receives the higher seed. If still tied, seeding is determined by comparing the tied players' aggregate Double Jeopardy! and (if still tied) Jeopardy! round scores.

The winners of the five quarterfinal games and the four highest-scoring non-winners ("wild cards") advance to the semifinals, which run for three days. The semifinals are seeded with the quarterfinal winners being seeded 1–5 based on their quarterfinal scores, and the wild cards being seeded 6–9. The winners of the quarterfinal games with the three highest scores occupy the champion's lectern for the semifinals. The winners of the three semifinal games advance to play in a two-game final match, in which the scores from both games are combined to determine the overall standings. This format has been used since the first Tournament of Champions in 1985 and was devised by Trebek himself.[43]

To prevent later contestants from playing to beat the earlier wild card scores instead of playing to win, contestants are "completely isolated from the studio until it is their time to compete".[44]

If none of the contestants in a quarterfinal end with a positive score, no contestant automatically qualifies from that game, and an additional wild card contestant advances instead.[45] This occurred in the quarterfinals of the 1991 Seniors Tournament and the semifinals of the 2013 Teen Tournament, where the rule was in effect during the semifinals, but after that tournament the rule has changed for semifinals and finals.[45]

As the players are not isolated during the semifinals the way they are during the quarterfinals, show management have since changed the rules in tournament semifinals. Starting with the 2013 Tournament of Champions, semifinal games, like the two-game finals, must have a winner. Players who participate in Final Jeopardy! will participate in the standard tie-breaker, regardless of the score being zero or a positive score. Similarly, if all three players have a zero score at the end of a two-game match, a normal tournament finals format will proceed to a tie-breaker. In a best-of-seven tournament format where a player must win three games to win the tournament, such as the 2020 Greatest of All Time or 2022 Tournament of Champions, the tie-breaker will be used regardless of the score being zero or positive for players to win the game and receive the point.

In the standard tournament finals format, contestants who finish Double Jeopardy! with a $0 or negative score on either day do not play Final Jeopardy! that day. Their score for that leg is recorded as $0.

Conception and development

 
Logo for the original "Jeopardy!" (1964–1975).

In a 1963 Associated Press profile released shortly before the original Jeopardy! series premiered, Merv Griffin offered the following account of how he created the quiz show:

My wife Julann just came up with the idea one day when we were in a plane bringing us back to New York City from Duluth. I was mulling over game show ideas, when she noted that there had not been a successful 'question and answer' game on the air since the quiz show scandals. Why not do a switch, and give the answers to the contestant and let them come up with the question? She fired a couple of answers to me: "5,280"—and the question of course was 'How many feet in a mile?'. Another was '79 Wistful Vista'; that was Fibber and Mollie McGee's address. I loved the idea, went straight to NBC with the idea, and they bought it without even looking at a pilot show.[46][47]

Griffin's first conception of the game used a board comprising ten categories with ten clues each, but after finding that this board could not easily be shown on camera, he reduced it to two rounds of thirty clues each, with five clues in each of six categories.[48] He originally intended requiring grammatically correct phrasing (e.g., only accepting "Who is..." for a person), but after finding that grammatical correction slowed the game down, he decided to accept any correct response that was in question form.[49] Griffin discarded his initial title of What's the Question? when skeptical network executive Ed Vane rejected his original concept of the game, claiming, "It doesn't have enough jeopardies."[48][50]

The format of giving contestants the answers and requiring the questions had previously been used by the Gil Fates-hosted program CBS Television Quiz, which aired from July 1941 until May 1942.[51]

Personnel

Hosts

  •  

    Original host Art Fleming, who hosted versions that aired from 1964 to 1979.

  •  

    Alex Trebek hosted the show from 1984 until his death in 2020.

  •  

    Mike Richards was the host of the show for one week in 2021 before resigning the position amid controversy.

  •  

    Mayim Bialik has hosted prime-time versions and split hosting duties on the syndicated version since 2021.

  •  

    Ken Jennings has shared hosting duties on the syndicated version since 2021.

Art Fleming was the original host of the show throughout both NBC runs and its brief weekly syndicated run, between 1964 and 1979. Alex Trebek served as host of the daily syndicated version from its premiere in 1984 until his death in 2020,[52] except when he switched places with Wheel of Fortune host Pat Sajak as an April Fool's joke on April 1, 1997.[53]

On a Fox News program in July 2018, Trebek said the odds of his retirement in 2020 were 50/50 "and a little less". He added that he might continue if he's "not making too many mistakes" but would make an "intelligent decision" as to when he should give up the emcee role.[54] In November 2018, Trebek renewed his contract as host through 2022,[55] stating in January 2019 that the work schedule consisting of 46 taping sessions each year was still manageable for a man of his age.[56] On March 6, 2019, Trebek announced he had been diagnosed with stage IV pancreatic cancer (a disease from which Fleming also died on April 25, 1995). In a prepared video statement announcing his diagnosis, Trebek noted that his prognosis was poor but that he would aggressively fight the cancer in hopes of beating the odds and would continue hosting Jeopardy! for as long as he was able, joking that his contract obligated him to do so for three more years regardless of health.[57]

Trebek was still serving as host when he died on November 8, 2020. His last episodes were taped on October 29, 2020. At the time, producers declined to discuss any plans to introduce his successor while stating that they had enough new episodes with Trebek as host to run through Christmas Day.[58]

On November 9, 2020, the first episode after Trebek's death, executive producer Mike Richards paid tribute to Trebek, after a few seconds of silence where the lights on the Jeopardy! set slowly dimmed.[59] That episode, as well as subsequent episodes that aired after Trebek's death, also included a dedication screen at the end of the credits through the remainder of the season.[60]

To compensate for the delay caused by cancellation of most November production dates and pre-emptions caused by holiday week specials and sports, Sony announced on November 23, 2020, that the air dates of Trebek's final week were postponed, with episodes scheduled for the week of December 21–25 being postponed to January 4–8, 2021. Reruns of episodes in which Trebek recorded clues on location aired from December 21, 2020, to January 1, 2021, before his final episodes aired January 4–8, 2021.[61]

Production resumed on November 30, 2020, with a planned group of guest hosts from the staff, with those episodes commencing January 11, 2021. Sony announced the hosts would come from "within the Jeopardy! family," with Ken Jennings announced as the first interim host.[62][3] Between January and February 2021, additional guest hosts were announced, including executive producer Mike Richards; television news personalities Katie Couric, Bill Whitaker, Savannah Guthrie, Sanjay Gupta, and Anderson Cooper; athlete Aaron Rodgers; talk show host Mehmet Oz; and actress and neuroscientist Mayim Bialik.[63][64] An April 2021 announcement listed the final group of guest hosts, including: television news personalities George Stephanopoulos and Robin Roberts; Reading Rainbow host LeVar Burton; Squawk on the Street co-host David Faber; and Fox Sports broadcaster Joe Buck.[65] In addition, Buzzy Cohen, the 2017 Jeopardy! Tournament of Champions winner, hosted the 2021 Tournament of Champions.[66]

On August 11, 2021, it was announced that Richards would succeed Trebek as host of the daily show and Bialik would host Jeopardy! primetime specials and spin-offs.[67][68] On August 20, 2021, following a report from The Ringer exposing controversial remarks made on his podcast in the past, resurfaced controversies from Richards's time on The Price Is Right, and accusations of self-dealing regarding his executive producer position, Richards stepped down as host after taping the first week of episodes while remaining executive producer, before being dismissed from the latter role on August 31. Richards' five episodes as host aired in September 2021,[69][70] then Bialik and Jennings alternated hosting the show for the rest of season 38, through the end of July 2022. Bialik also hosted the season's various tournaments and primetime specials.[71]

In July 2022, it was announced that Bialik and Jennings would continuing splitting hosting duties for the 39th season of the syndicated version. Jennings would also host the Tournament of Champions and the new Second Chance Tournament, while Bialik would also again host primetime specials and spinoffs, including a new celebrity edition of Jeopardy!, which premiered in September 2022.[72][73] However, in January 2023, ABC announced Jennings would host a Jeopardy! Masters spinoff, indicating a change of arrangement.[74]

Announcers

Don Pardo held the role of announcer on the NBC version and weekly syndicated version,[6] while John Harlan replaced him for The All-New Jeopardy![75] In the daily syndicated version's first pilot, from 1983, Jay Stewart served as the announcer, but Johnny Gilbert took over the role at Trebek's recommendation when that version was picked up as a series.[76]

Clue Crew

The Jeopardy! Clue Crew, introduced on September 24, 2001, was a team of roving correspondents who appeared in videos, recorded around the world, to narrate some clues.[77] Explaining why the Clue Crew was added, executive producer Harry Friedman said, "TV is a visual medium, and the more visual we can make our clues, the more we think it will enhance the experience for the viewer."[78]

Following the initial announcement of auditions for the team, over 5,000 people applied for Clue Crew posts.[78] The original Clue Crew members were Cheryl Farrell, Jimmy McGuire, Sofia Lidskog, and Sarah Whitcomb Foss.[77] Jon Cannon and Kelly Miyahara joined the Clue Crew in 2005.[79] Farrell recorded clues until October 2008,[80] and Cannon until July 2009.[81] Miyahara, who also served as announcer for the Sports Jeopardy! spin-off series, left in 2019.[82][83]

The Clue Crew was eliminated, beginning with the 39th season in September 2022; Foss became a producer for the show and McGuire a stage manager.[82] Foss also serves as in-studio announcer when Johnny Gilbert is unable to attend a taping. In such cases, her voice is replaced with Gilbert's in post-production.[52][84]

The Clue Crew traveled to over 300 cities worldwide, spanning all 50 of the United States and 46 other countries. Occasionally, they visited schools to showcase the educational game Classroom Jeopardy![85]

Production staff

 
Merv Griffin created the show and was executive producer from 1984 to 2000.
 
Harry Friedman was executive producer from 1999 to 2020.

Robert Rubin served as the producer of the original Jeopardy! series for most of its run and later became its executive producer.[86] Following Rubin's promotion, the line producer was Lynette Williams.[86]

Griffin was the daily syndicated version's executive producer until his retirement in 2000.[87] Trebek served as producer as well as host until 1987, when he began hosting NBC's Classic Concentration for the next four years.[87] At that time, he handed producer duties to George Vosburgh, who had formerly produced The All-New Jeopardy! In 1997, Harry Friedman, Lisa Finneran, and Rocky Schmidt succeeded Vosburgh as producers of the show. Beginning in 1999, Friedman became executive producer,[88] and Gary Johnson became the third producer. In 2006, Deb Dittmann and Brett Schneider became producers, while Finneran, Schmidt, and Johnson became supervising producers.[86]

The original Jeopardy! series was directed at different times by Bob Hultgren, Eleanor Tarshis, and Jeff Goldstein.[86] Dick Schneider, who directed episodes of The All-New Jeopardy!, returned as director from 1984 to 1992. From 1992 to 2018, Kevin McCarthy served as director, who had previously served as associate director under Schneider.[87] McCarthy announced his retirement after 26 years on June 26, 2018, and was succeeded as director by Clay Jacobsen.[89]

As of 2012, Jeopardy! employs nine writers and five researchers to create and assemble the categories and clues.[90] Billy Wisse is the editorial producer and Michele Loud is the editorial supervisor[91] Previous writing and editorial supervisors have included Jules Minton, Terrence McDonnell, Harry Eisenberg, and Gary Johnson.[86] Trebek himself also contributed to writing clues and categories.[92]

Naomi Slodki is the production designer for the program.[91] Previous art directors have included Henry Lickel, Dennis Roof,[93] Bob Rang,[86] and Ed Flesh (who also designed sets for other game shows such as The $25,000 Pyramid, Name That Tune, and Wheel of Fortune).[94]

On August 1, 2019, Sony Pictures Television announced that Friedman would retire as executive producer of both Jeopardy! and Wheel of Fortune at the end of the 2019–20 season.[95] On August 29, 2019, it was announced that Mike Richards replaced Friedman in 2020.[96] On August 31, 2021, after Richards had resigned as permanent host earlier in the month, he was fired from his executive producer position at both Jeopardy! and Wheel, with Sony executives citing continued internal turmoil that Richards's resignation as host had failed to quell as they had hoped. Michael Davies from Embassy Row, which also produces Sony game show Who Wants to Be a Millionaire, was selected as interim executive producer[97] through the 2021–22 season.[71] On April 14, 2022, Davies accepted the role on a permanent basis.[98]

Production

The daily syndicated version of Jeopardy! is produced by Sony Pictures Television (previously known as Columbia TriStar Television, the successor company to original producer Merv Griffin Enterprises).[99] The copyright holder is Jeopardy Productions, which, like SPT, operates as a subsidiary of Sony Pictures Entertainment.[100] The rights to distribute the program worldwide are owned by CBS Media Ventures, which absorbed original distributor King World Productions in 2007.[101]

The original Jeopardy! series was taped in Studio 6A at NBC Studios at 30 Rockefeller Plaza in New York City,[102] and The All-New Jeopardy! was taped in Studio 3 at NBC's Burbank Studios at 3000 West Alameda Avenue in Burbank, California.[103] The Trebek version was initially taped at Metromedia Stage 7, KTTV, on Sunset Boulevard in Hollywood,[103] but moved its production facilities to Hollywood Center Studios' Stage 1 in 1985. In 1994 the Jeopardy! production facilities moved to Sony Pictures Studios' Stage 10 on Washington Boulevard in Culver City, California,[103] where production has remained since. Stage 10 was dedicated in Trebek's honor when episodes for the 38th season began taping in August 2021, with the stage being renamed to "The Alex Trebek Stage", with help from the Trebek family (Alex's wife, Jean, son, Matthew, and daughters, Emily and Nicky).[104]

Five episodes are taped each day, with two days of taping every other week.[105]

Set

 
Various sets used by the syndicated version over the years. From top to bottom: 1984–85, 1985–91, 1991–96, 1996–2002, 2002–06, and 2009–13.

Various technological and aesthetic changes have been made to the Jeopardy! set over the years. The original game board was exposed from behind a curtain and featured clues printed on cardboard pull cards which were revealed as contestants selected them.[6] The All-New Jeopardy!'s game board was exposed from behind double-slide panels and featured pull cards with the dollar amount in front and the clue behind it. When the Trebek version premiered in 1984, the game board used individual television monitors for each clue within categories. The original monitors were replaced with larger and sleeker ones in 1991.[106] In 2006, these monitors were discarded in favor of a nearly seamless projection video wall,[107] which was replaced in 2009 with 36 high-definition flat-panel monitors manufactured by Sony Electronics.[108]

From 1985 to 1997, the sets were designed to have a background color of blue for the Jeopardy! round and red for the Double Jeopardy! and Final Jeopardy! rounds. In 1991 a brand new set was introduced that resembled a grid.[106] On the episode aired November 11, 1996, Jeopardy! introduced the first of several sets designed by Naomi Slodki, who intended the set to resemble "the foyer of a very contemporary library, with wood and sandblasted glass and blue granite".[109]

In 2002, another new set was introduced,[110] which was given slight modifications when Jeopardy! and sister show Wheel of Fortune transitioned to high-definition broadcasting in 2006.[107] During this time, virtual tours of the set began to be featured on the official web site.[111] The various HD improvements for Jeopardy! and Wheel represented a combined investment of approximately $4 million, 5,000 hours of labor, and 6 miles (9.7 km) of cable.[107] Both programs had been shot using HD cameras for several years before beginning to broadcast in HD. On standard-definition television broadcasts, episodes continue displaying with an aspect ratio of 4:3.

In 2009, Jeopardy! updated its set once again. The new set debuted with special episodes taped at the 42nd annual International CES technology trade show, hosted at the Las Vegas Convention Center in Winchester (Las Vegas Valley), Nevada, and became the primary set for Jeopardy! when the 2009–2010 season began.[108]

In 2013, Jeopardy! introduced another new set.[112] This set underwent several modifications in 2020, with a wider studio without any studio audience (the last episodes of the 2019–2020 season were also taped without an audience), and new lecterns for contestants and the host. The lecterns are spaced considerably apart to comply with California state regulations imposed when filming resumed after the coronavirus pandemic ended the 2020 season early.[113] Although the modified COVID-era set from the previous two seasons was kept, the live studio audience fully returned for season 39, which began airing on September 12, 2022.[114]

Theme music

Since the debut of Jeopardy! in 1964, several songs and arrangements have been used as the theme music, most of which were composed by Griffin. The main theme for the original Jeopardy! series was "Take Ten",[115] composed by Griffin's wife Julann.[116] The All-New Jeopardy! opened with "January, February, March" and closed with "Frisco Disco", both of which were composed by Griffin himself.[117]

The best-known theme song on Jeopardy! is "Think!", originally composed by Griffin under the title "A Time for Tony", as a lullaby for his son.[118] "Think!" has always been used for the 30-second period in Final Jeopardy! when the contestants write down their responses, and since the syndicated version debuted in 1984, a rendition of that tune has been used as the main theme song.[119] "Think!" has become so popular that it has been used in many different contexts, from sporting events to weddings;[120] "its 30-second countdown has become synonymous with any deadline pressure".[121] Griffin estimated that the use of "Think!" had earned him royalties of over $70 million throughout his lifetime.[122] "Think!" led Griffin to win the Broadcast Music, Inc. (BMI) President's Award in 2003,[123] and during GSN's 2009 Game Show Awards special, it was named "Best Game Show Theme Song".[124] In 1997, the main theme (later rearranged in 2001) and Final Jeopardy! "Think!" cue were rearranged by Steve Kaplan, who served as music director until his December 2003 death.[125] Then in 2008, the Jeopardy! music package was rearranged again, this time by Chris Bell Music & Sound Design.[126] The newest version of the main theme, which draws elements from the 2008 arrangement, was composed by Bleeding Fingers Music and has been used since season 38.[127]

Audition process

Main article: Jeopardy! audition process

For the original Jeopardy! series, prospective contestants contacted the production office in New York to arrange an appointment and to preliminarily determine eligibility. They were briefed and auditioned together in groups of ten to thirty individuals, participating in both a written test and mock games. Individuals who were successful at the audition were invited to appear on the program within approximately six weeks.[128]

Since 1984, prospective contestants begin with a written exam comprising 50 questions.[129] This exam is administered online periodically, as well as being offered at regional contestant search events. Since 1998, a Winnebago recreational vehicle dubbed the "Jeopardy! Brain Bus" travels to conduct regional events throughout the United States and Canada.[130] Participants who correctly answer at least 35 out of 50 questions advance in the audition process and are invited to attend in-person group auditions throughout the country. At these auditions, a second written exam is administered, followed by a mock game and interviews. Those who are approved are notified at a later time and invited to appear as contestants. Eligibility is limited to people who have not previously appeared as contestants, and have not been to an in-person audition for at least 18 months.[131]

Many of the contestants who appear on the series, including a majority of Teen Tournament contestants and nearly half of all College Tournament contestants, participated in quiz bowl competitions during their time in high school. The National Academic Quiz Tournaments has been described by Ken Jennings as a de facto "minor league" for game shows such as Jeopardy![132]

Broadcast history

Main article: Broadcast of Jeopardy!

The original Jeopardy! series premiered on NBC on March 30, 1964,[103] and by the end of the 1960s was the second-highest-rated daytime game show, behind only The Hollywood Squares.[133] The program was successful until 1974, when Lin Bolen, then NBC's Vice President of Daytime Programming, moved the show out of the noontime slot where it had been located for most of its run, as part of her effort to boost ratings among the 18–34 female demographic.[134] After 2,753 episodes, the original Jeopardy! series ended on January 3, 1975. To compensate Griffin for its cancellation, NBC purchased Wheel of Fortune, another show that he had created, and premiered it the following Monday.[135] A syndicated edition of Jeopardy!, distributed by Metromedia and featuring many contestants who were previously champions on the original series, aired in primetime from 1974 to 1975.[136] The NBC daytime series was later revived as The All-New Jeopardy!, which premiered on October 2, 1978,[137] and aired 108 episodes, ending on March 2, 1979.[138] This revival featured significant rule changes, including progressive elimination of contestants over the course of the main game, and a Super Jeopardy! bonus round (based loosely on bingo) instead of Final Jeopardy![5]

The daily syndicated version debuted on September 10, 1984,[139] and was launched in response to the success of the syndicated version of Wheel[140] and the installation of electronic trivia games in pubs and bars.[141] This version of the program has outlived 300 other game shows and has become the second most popular game show in syndication (behind Wheel), averaging 25 million viewers per week. The most recent renewal, in January 2023, extends it through the 2027–28 season.[142]

 
Countries with versions of Jeopardy! listed in yellow (and the common Arabic-language version in bright yellow)

Jeopardy! has spawned versions in many foreign countries throughout the world, including Canada, the United Kingdom, Germany, Sweden, Russia, Denmark, Israel, and Australia.[143] The American syndicated version of Jeopardy! is also broadcast throughout the world, with international distribution rights handled by CBS Studios International.[144]

Three spin-off versions of Jeopardy! have been created. Rock & Roll Jeopardy! debuted on VH1 in 1998[145] and ran until 2001. The format centered around post-1950s popular music trivia and was hosted by Jeff Probst.[5] Jep!, which aired on GSN during the 1998–1999 season, was a special children's version hosted by Bob Bergen and featured various rule changes from the original version.[146] Sports Jeopardy!, a sports-themed version hosted by Dan Patrick, premiered in 2014 on the Crackle digital service and eventually moved to the cable sports network NBCSN in 2016.[147]

In March 2020, taping halted as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic. Originally, the production team taped episodes without an audience, until production was shut down altogether. In May 2020, Sony announced new episodes would air until June 12, 2020, including the Teacher's Tournament.[148][149] In July 2020, Jeopardy! began rerunning a package of 20 classic episodes, including the first two from the syndicated run.[150]

Production resumed in August 2020 with new safety measures in place following government guidelines to protect contestants, staff, crew and talent. New expanded lecterns, designed to allow social distancing during gameplay, are spaced apart from one another.[151] Until the COVID-19 pandemic in the United States is over, only essential staff and crew are allowed on stage. Personal protective equipment is provided for everyone behind the scenes and all staff and crew are tested regularly, while contestants are also tested before they step onto the set. Social distancing measures are also enforced off-stage.[152] Ken Jennings joined production in an on-air role in 2020.[153]

Following Trebek's death, an announcement noted that the pre-taped episodes were to air posthumously until December 25, 2020.[154][155] Owing to concerns after a late start to tapings caused by the pandemic and the cancellation of November tapings, officials added a two-week lineup of classic episodes to avoid NFL, NBA, or local Christmas programming preemptions that moved Trebek's final episode to January 8, 2021. The first episode with an interim host aired January 11, 2021.

Archived episodes

Only a small number of episodes of the first three Jeopardy! versions survive. From the original NBC daytime version, archived episodes mostly consist of black-and-white kinescopes of the original color videotapes.[156] Various episodes from 1967, 1971, 1973, and 1974 are listed among the holdings of the UCLA Film and Television Archive.[157] The 1964 "test episode", Episode No. 2,000 (from February 21, 1972, in color), and a June 1975 episode of the weekly syndicated edition exist at the Paley Center for Media.[158] The test episode, of which only a few limited clips had been released, was released to the public in full on the Jeopardy! YouTube account March 30, 2022, and an audiotape containing approximately five minutes (including introductions and Final Jeopardy!) from the first aired episode was also released to the public; both episodes were released to celebrate the 58th anniversary of the show's debut.[159][160] The 1975 series finale, also in color and containing two short clips from the 1967 "College Scholarship Tournament" and Gene Shalit's appearance on an early version of Celebrity Jeopardy! also exists in its entirety. Incomplete paper records of the NBC-era games exist on microfilm at the Library of Congress. GSN holds The All-New Jeopardy!'s premiere and finale in broadcast quality, and aired the latter on December 31, 1999, as part of its "Y2Play" marathon.[138] The UCLA Archive holds a copy of a pilot taped for CBS in 1977,[157] and the premiere exists among the Paley Center's holdings.[158]

GSN, which, like Jeopardy!, is an affiliate of Sony Pictures Television, has rerun episodes since the channel's launch in 1994. Copies of 43 Trebek-hosted syndicated Jeopardy! episodes aired between 1989 and 2004 have been collected by the UCLA Archive,[157] and the premiere and various other episodes are included in the Paley Center's collection.[158] In July 2022, Vulture reported that vintage episodes of the daily syndicated version would air on a dedicated channel on Pluto TV beginning in August.[161] The channel, named Jeopardy! Hosted by Alex Trebek, launched on August 1.[162]

Reception and legacy

 
Alex Trebek with the Peabody Award, 2012

By 1994, the press called Jeopardy! "an American icon".[163] It has won a record 39 Daytime Emmy Awards.[164] The program holds the record for the Daytime Emmy Award for Outstanding Game/Audience Participation Show, with seventeen awards won in that category.[90] Trebek won seven awards for Outstanding Game Show Host.[90] Twelve other awards were won by the show's directors and writers in the categories of Outstanding Direction for a Game/Audience Participation Show and Outstanding Special Class Writing before these categories were removed in 2006. On June 17, 2011, Trebek shared the Lifetime Achievement Award with Sajak at the 38th Annual Daytime Emmy Awards ceremony.[165] The following year, the program was honored with a Peabody Award for its role in encouraging, celebrating, and rewarding knowledge.[166]

In its April 17–23, 1993, issue, TV Guide named Jeopardy! the best game show of the 1970s as part of a celebration of the magazine's 40th anniversary.[167] In January 2001, the magazine ranked the program number 2 on its "50 Greatest Game Shows" list—second only to The Price Is Right.[168] It later ranked Jeopardy! number 45 on its list of the 60 Best TV Series of All Time, calling it "habit-forming" and saying that the program "always makes [its viewers] feel smarter".[169] Also in 2013, the program ranked number 1 on TV Guide's list of the 60 Greatest Game Shows.[170] In the summer of 2006, the program was ranked number 2 on GSN's list of the 50 Greatest Game Shows of All Time, second only to Match Game.[171]

A hall of fame honoring Jeopardy! was added to the Sony Pictures Studios tour on September 20, 2011. It features the show's Emmy Awards as well as retired set pieces, classic merchandise, video clips, photographs, and other memorabilia related to Jeopardy!'s history.[172]

In 1989, Fleming expressed dissatisfaction with the daily syndicated Jeopardy! series in an essay published in Sports Illustrated. He confessed that he only watched the Trebek version infrequently—only for a handful of questions—and criticized this iteration mainly for its Hollywood setting. Fleming believed that in contrast to New Yorkers who Fleming considered being more intelligent and authentic, moving the show to Hollywood brought both an unrealistic glamour and a dumbing-down of the program that he disdained. He also disliked the decision to not award losing contestants their cash earnings (believing the parting gifts offered instead were cheap) and expressed surprise that what he considered a parlor game had transformed into such a national phenomenon under Trebek.[173] In television interviews, Fleming expressed similar sentiments while also noting that he approved of Trebek's approach to hosting, that Fleming and Trebek were personal friends and that, despite the modern show's flaws, it was still one of the best television shows.[174]

Jeopardy!'s answer-and-question format has become widely entrenched: Fleming observed that other game shows had contestants phrasing their answers in question form, leading hosts to remind them that they are not competing on Jeopardy![175]

Tournaments and other events

Main article: List of Jeopardy! tournaments and events

Regular events

Starting in 1985, the show has held an annual Tournament of Champions featuring the top fifteen champions who have appeared on the show since the last tournament. The top prize awarded to the winner was originally valued at $100,000,[143] and increased to $250,000 in 2003.[176] Other regular tournaments include the Teen Tournament, with a $100,000 top prize;[144] the College Championship, in which undergraduate students from American colleges and universities compete for a $100,000 top prize; and the Teachers Tournament, where educators compete for a $100,000 top prize.[177] Each tournament runs for ten consecutive episodes in a format devised by Trebek himself, consisting of five quarter-final games, three semi-finals, and a final consisting of two games with the scores totaled.[43] Winners of the College Championship and Teachers Tournament are invited to participate in the Tournament of Champions.

Non-tournament events held regularly on the show include Celebrity Jeopardy!, in which celebrities and other notable individuals compete for charitable organizations of their choice,[178] and Kids Week, a special competition for school-age children aged 10 through 12.[179]

Special events

See also: Jeopardy! The Greatest of All Time

Three International Tournaments, held in 1996, 1997, and 2001, featured one-week competitions among champions from each of the international versions of Jeopardy! Each of the countries that aired their own version of the show in those years could nominate a contestant. The format was identical to the semi-finals and finals of other Jeopardy! tournaments.[109][143] In 1996 and 1997, the winner received $25,000. In 2001, the top prize was doubled to $50,000. The 1997 tournament was recorded in Stockholm on the set of the Swedish version of Jeopardy!, and is significant for being the first week of Jeopardy! episodes taped in a foreign country.[109] Magnus Härenstam, the host of the Swedish version of Jeopardy! at the time, introduced the first episode of the 1997 tournament, including Trebek. In addition, prior to Final Jeopardy! each day, a video clip of Härenstam with Trebek in Stockholm was shown.

There have been several special tournaments featuring the greatest contestants in Jeopardy! history. The first of these "all-time best" tournaments, Super Jeopardy!, aired in the summer of 1990 on ABC, and featured 35 top contestants from the previous seasons of the Trebek version and one notable champion from the original Jeopardy! series competing for a top prize of $250,000.[136] In 1993, that year's Tournament of Champions was followed by a Tenth Anniversary Tournament conducted over five episodes.[180] In May 2002, to commemorate the Trebek version's 4,000th episode, the show invited fifteen champions to play for a $1 million prize in the Million Dollar Masters tournament, which took place at Radio City Music Hall in New York City.[181] The Ultimate Tournament of Champions aired in 2005 and pitted 145 former Jeopardy! champions against each other, with two winners moving on to face Ken Jennings in a three-game final for $2,000,000, the largest prize in the show's history.[136] Overall, the tournament spanned 15 weeks and 76 episodes, starting on February 9 and ending on May 25.[182] In 2014, Jeopardy! commemorated the 30th anniversary of the Trebek version with a Battle of the Decades tournament, in which 15 champions apiece from the first, second, and third decades of Jeopardy!'s daily syndicated history competed for a grand prize of $1,000,000.[183] On November 18, 2019, an announcement of Jeopardy! returning to ABC for a primetime "Greatest of All Time" tournament was made beginning January 7, 2020, which was to include Ken Jennings, Brad Rutter, and James Holzhauer. The event used a multi-night format, with each episode featuring a two-game match. The contestant with the higher cumulative point total across both games was declared the winner of the match. The first to win three matches received a $1,000,000 prize.[184] The tournament concluded on January 14, 2020, after four matches, with Ken Jennings winning three matches to Holzhauer's one and Rutter's zero wins.[185] Rutter and Holzhauer each received $250,000 for their participation.

In November 1998, Jeopardy! traveled to Boston to reassemble 12 past Teen Tournament contestants for a special Teen Reunion Tournament.[130] In 2008, fifteen contestants from the first two Kids Weeks competed in a special reunion tournament.[186] During 2009–2010, a special edition of Celebrity Jeopardy!, called the Million Dollar Celebrity Invitational, was played in which twenty-seven contestants from past celebrity episodes competed for a grand prize of $1,000,000 for charity. The grand prize was won by Michael McKean.[187]

The IBM Challenge aired February 14–16, 2011, and featured IBM's Watson computer facing off against Ken Jennings and Brad Rutter in a two-game match played over three shows.[188] This was the first man-vs.-machine competition in Jeopardy!'s history.[189] Watson won both the first game and the overall match to win the grand prize of $1 million, which IBM divided between two charities (World Vision International and World Community Grid).[190] Jennings, who won $300,000 for second place, and Rutter, who won the $200,000 third-place prize, both pledged to donate half of their winnings to charity.[191] The competition brought the show its highest ratings since the Ultimate Tournament of Champions.[192]

In 2019, The All-Star Games had six teams with three former champions each. Each team member played one of the three rounds in each game played. Rutter, David Madden and Larissa Kelly won the tournament.[193]

Record holders

Jeopardy!'s record for the longest winning streak is held by Ken Jennings, who competed on the show from June 2 through November 30, 2004, winning 74 matches before being defeated by Nancy Zerg in his 75th appearance. He amassed $2,522,700 over his 75 episodes, for an average of $33,636 per episode. At the time, he held the record as the highest money-winner ever on American game shows, and his winning streak increased the show's ratings and popularity to the point where it became TV's highest-rated syndicated program.[194] In addition to these winnings on the daily Jeopardy! series, Jennings returned for a number of Jeopardy! special tournaments, taking home the following: the second-place prize of $500,000 in the 2005 Jeopardy! Ultimate Tournament of Champions, the $300,000-second-place prize in the 2011 Jeopardy! IBM Challenge, the $123,600-second-place prize in the 2014 Jeopardy! Battle of the Decades, a $100,000 prize (one-third of the $300,000-second-place prize to his three-player team) in the 2019 Jeopardy! All-Star Games,[195] and the $1,000,000 first-place prize in the 2020 Jeopardy! The Greatest of All Time tournament.

The record holder for lifetime Jeopardy!-related winnings is Brad Rutter, who has won nearly $5.2 million in cash and prizes across five episodes of the regular series (when the rules stipulated that a contestant who won five consecutive days retired undefeated) and seven Jeopardy! tournaments and events (winning five of those specials, along with two third-place finishes).[196] Counting all prizes that he won, he has achieved a cumulative total of $5,129,036 in winnings, which included: the $55,102 prize over five regular episodes in 2000 (also including the value of two cars won, worth $45,000), the $100,000 first-place prize in the 2001 Jeopardy! Tournament of Champions,[197] the $1,000,000 first-place prize in the 2002 Jeopardy! Million Dollar Masters Tournament, the $2,000,000 first-place prize (plus $115,000 in preliminary rounds) in the 2005 Jeopardy! Ultimate Tournament of Champions,[198] the $200,000 third-place prize in the 2011 Jeopardy! IBM Challenge, the $1,030,600 first-place prize in the 2014 Jeopardy! Battle of the Decades, $333,334 (one-third of the $1,000,000 first-place prize, shared with his three-player team) in the 2019 Jeopardy! All-Star Games and a $250,000 prize in the 2020 Jeopardy! The Greatest of All Time tournament.

The holder of the all-time record for single-day winnings on Jeopardy! is James Holzhauer. Holzhauer first surpassed the record of $77,000, held since 2010[199] by Roger Craig, when he earned $110,914 on the episode that aired on April 9, 2019.[200] Holzhauer pushed his own single-day record to $131,127 on the episode that aired April 17, 2019,[201] by amassing $71,114 over the episode's first two rounds, then successfully wagering an additional $60,013 in the Final Jeopardy! round. Holzhauer's total of 32 consecutive games won was second place of all time in regular game play at the time and remains fourth overall after Matt Amodio and Amy Schneider surpassed Holzhauer in 2021 and 2022, respectively.[202] When he departed the show, he held the top 16 spots for highest single-day regular-game winnings and is the only player to win more than $100,000 in a single episode in regular play (achieved six times).[203] On April 15, 2019, Holzhauer moved into second place for regular play Jeopardy! winnings (behind Jennings) and third place for all Jeopardy!-related winnings (behind Rutter and Jennings). On April 23, 2019, Holzhauer joined Rutter and Jennings as the third Jeopardy!-made millionaire (Amodio eventually became the fourth). The next day, Holzhauer moved onto the top ten list for all-time American game show winnings at No. 10, joining Rutter (#1) and Jennings (#2) on that list. Holzhauer was defeated on the June 3, 2019, episode, finishing in second place.[204] His winnings on Jeopardy! totaled $2,464,216,[205] $58,484 behind Jennings' record.[204] Including over $58,000 from a 2014 appearance on The Chase,[206] with Holzhauer's $2.96 million from Jeopardy! (including his Tournament of Champions and The Greatest of All Time prizes), he is #3 on the list of all-time American game show winnings.

The record-holder among women on Jeopardy! for regular series winnings is Amy Schneider,[207] with a total of $1,382,800 earned in 40 episodes between 2021 and 2022.[208][209][202] Schneider is currently ranked second all-time in consecutive games won, behind only Jennings (74).[210][211][202] Mattea Roach, whose winning streak earned $560,983 over 23 games in April and May 2022, has been the most successful Canadian contestant to have competed on the program. Following her run, Roach ranked fifth for both consecutive games won and regular play Jeopardy! winnings.[212][202]

The highest single-day winnings in a Celebrity Jeopardy! tournament was achieved by comedian Andy Richter during a first-round game of the 2009–2010 "Million Dollar Celebrity Invitational", in which he finished with $68,000 for his selected charity, the St. Jude Children's Research Hospital.[213]

Four contestants on the Trebek version share the record for winning a game with the lowest amount possible, at $1. The first was U.S. Air Force Lieutenant Colonel Darryl Scott, on the episode that aired January 19, 1993.[214][215] The second was Benjamin Salisbury, on a Celebrity Jeopardy! episode that aired April 30, 1997.[216] The third was Brandi Chastain, on the Celebrity Jeopardy! episode that aired February 9, 2001.[217] The fourth was U.S. Navy Lieutenant Manny Abell, on the episode that aired October 17, 2017.[215]

Other media

Portrayals and parodies

Jeopardy! has been featured in several films, television shows, and books over the years, mostly with one or more characters participating as contestants, or viewing and interacting with the game show from their own homes. The sitcoms The Golden Girls,[218] Mama's Family,[219] and Cheers are among the shows which have featured primary characters participating in a fictionalized version of the show (the latter in the episode "What Is... Cliff Clavin?").[220] The animated television shows Family Guy, The Simpsons, and Scooby-Doo and Guess Who? have done likewise, all three times with Trebek providing his own voice.[221][222] On the series The Conners, Jackie Harris plays on a fictionalized version of the show during the guest host run of Aaron Rodgers.

From 1996 to 2015, Saturday Night Live featured a recurring Celebrity Jeopardy! sketch in which Trebek, portrayed by Will Ferrell, has to deal with the exasperating ineptitude of the show's celebrity guests and the constant taunts of antagonists Sean Connery (played by Darrell Hammond) and Burt Reynolds (Norm Macdonald).[223] The show has also parodied Jeopardy! by way of the recurring sketch Black Jeopardy!, in which the host and two of the three contestants are stereotypical black Americans and the categories and clues likewise reflect black American culture. The third contestant in Black Jeopardy! provides a contrast to the others.[224]

The 1992 film White Men Can't Jump features a subplot in which Gloria Clemente (played by Rosie Perez) attempts to pass the show's auditions.[225] In the David Foster Wallace short story "Little Expressionless Animals", first published in The Paris Review and later reprinted in Wallace's collection Girl with Curious Hair, the character Julie Smith competes and wins on every Jeopardy! game for three years (a total of 700 episodes)[226] and then uses her winnings to pay for the care of her brother, who has autism.[227] American musician "Weird Al" Yankovic satirized the Art Fleming incarnation of the show with his 1984 single "I Lost on Jeopardy", a parody of Greg Kihn's 1983 hit song "Jeopardy". Released months before the Trebek version of the show, the song's accompanying music video featured a re-creation of the 1960s-era set, along with cameos from Fleming, Pardo and, at the end of the video, Kihn himself.[228]

At the DEF CON hacker conference in Las Vegas, a variant called 'Hacker Jeopardy' has been organized.[229] In 2004, it was won by Kevin Mitnick.[230]

Merchandise

Main article: Merchandise based on Jeopardy!

Over the years, the Jeopardy! brand has been licensed for various products. From 1964 through 1976, with one release in 1982, Milton Bradley issued annual board games based on the original Fleming version. The Trebek version has been adapted into board games released by Pressman Toy Corporation, Tyco Toys, and Parker Brothers.[231] In addition, Jeopardy! has been adapted into a number of video games released on various consoles and handhelds spanning multiple hardware generations, starting with a Nintendo Entertainment System game released in 1987.[232] The show has also been adapted for personal computers (starting in 1987 with Apple II, Commodore 64, and DOS versions[233]), Facebook,[234] Twitter, Android, and the Roku Channel Store.[235]

A DVD titled Jeopardy!: An Inside Look at America's Favorite Quiz Show, released by Sony Pictures Home Entertainment on November 8, 2005, features five curated episodes of the Trebek version (the 1984 premiere, Jennings' final game, and the three-game finals of the Ultimate Tournament of Champions)[236] and three featurettes discussing the show's history and question selection process.[237] Other products featuring the Jeopardy! brand include a collectible watch, a series of daily desktop calendars, and various slot machine games for casinos and the Internet.

Internet

Jeopardy!'s official website, active as early as 1998,[238] receives over 400,000 monthly visitors.[239] The website features videos, photographs, and other information related to each week's contestants, as well as mini-sites promoting remote tapings and special tournaments. The Jeopardy! website is regularly updated to align with producers' priorities for the show.[240] In its 2012 "Readers Choice Awards", About.com praised the official Jeopardy! website for featuring "everything [visitors] need to know about the show, as well as some fun interactive elements", and for having a humorous error page.[241]

In November 2009, Jeopardy! launched a viewer loyalty program called the "Jeopardy! Premier Club", which allowed home viewers to identify Final Jeopardy! categories from episodes for a chance to earn points, and play a weekly Jeopardy! game featuring categories and clues from the previous week's episodes. Every three months, contestants were selected randomly to advance to one of three quarterly online tournaments; after these tournaments were played, the three highest-scoring contestants would play one final online tournament for the chance to win $5,000 and a trip to Los Angeles to attend a taping of Jeopardy![242] The Premier Club was discontinued by July 2011.[243]

See also

Notes

  1. ^ a b As Sony Pictures Television Studios since 2020

References

Citations

  1. ^ Tony Maglio; Tim Baysinger (August 20, 2021). "Jeopardy! Will Air New Episodes Already Shot With Short-Lived Host Mike Richards". TheWrap. Retrieved August 20, 2021.
  2. ^ a b "'Jeopardy!' James Holzhauer reaches new winnings milestone". ABC 7 Chicago. May 24, 2019. from the original on May 25, 2019. Retrieved May 25, 2019.
  3. ^ a b "Ken Jennings to host first 'Jeopardy!' episodes airing in January". WUSA-TV. November 23, 2020. Retrieved November 23, 2020.
  4. ^ Grynbaum, Michael; Sperling, Nicole; Jacobs, Julia (August 20, 2021). "Abrupt Exit of New Jeopardy! Host, Mike Richards, Rattles a TV Institution". The New York Times. Archived from the original on December 28, 2021. Retrieved August 22, 2021.
  5. ^ a b c d e f g h i Newcomb 2004, pp. 1222–1224.
  6. ^ a b c Harris 2006, p. 13.
  7. ^ "Show No. 3966 (Harold Skinner vs. Geoffrey Zimmermann vs. Kristin Lawhead)". Jeopardy!. November 26, 2001. Syndicated.
  8. ^ Elber, Lynn (August 13, 2021). "'Jeopardy!' champ Matt Amodio's analytic style is a winner". Associated Press. Retrieved August 13, 2021.
  9. ^ a b c d e Jeopardy! DVD Home Game System Instruction Booklet. MGA Entertainment. 2007.
  10. ^ Davies, Michael, Foss, Sarah. "What is the Tournament of Champions?". Inside Jeopardy!. Sony Pictures Television. Retrieved August 23, 2022.
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Further reading

  • McNear, Claire (2020). Answers in the Form of Questions: A Definitive History and Insider's Guide to Jeopardy!. New York: Twelve. ISBN 9781538702321. OCLC 1256030917.

External links

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March 06, 2023
jeopardy, jeopardy, double, final, redirect, here, other, uses, jeopardy, disambiguation, double, jeopardy, disambiguation, final, jeopardy, disambiguation, american, game, show, created, merv, griffin, show, quiz, competition, that, reverses, traditional, que. Jeopardy Double Jeopardy and Final Jeopardy redirect here For other uses see Jeopardy disambiguation Double Jeopardy disambiguation and Final Jeopardy disambiguation Jeopardy is an American game show created by Merv Griffin The show is a quiz competition that reverses the traditional question and answer format of many quiz shows Rather than being given questions contestants are instead given general knowledge clues in the form of answers and they must identify the person place thing or idea that the clue describes phrasing each response in the form of a question Jeopardy GenreGame showCreated byMerv GriffinDirected byBob Hultgren Eleanor Tarshis Jeff Goldstein Dick Schneider Kevin McCarthy Clay Jacobsen Russell NormanPresented byArt Fleming Alex Trebek Mike Richards 1 Mayim Bialik Ken JenningsNarrated byDon Pardo John Harlan Johnny GilbertTheme music composerJulann Griffin Merv GriffinEnding theme Think Country of originUnited StatesOriginal languageEnglishNo of seasons39No of episodesover 8 000 2 ProductionExecutive producersRobert RubinMerv GriffinHarry FriedmanMike RichardsMichael DaviesProducersee belowProduction locationsAlex Trebek Stage formerly Stage 10 Sony Pictures Studios Culver CityRunning time22 26 minutesProduction companiesJeopardy Productions Inc Merv Griffin Productions Enterprises 1964 1994 Columbia TriStar Domestic Television 1994 2002 Sony Pictures Television a 2002 present DistributorKing World Productions 1984 2007 CBS Media Ventures 2007 present ReleaseOriginal networkNBC 1964 1979 Syndication 1974 1975 1984 present Original releaseMarch 30 1964 1964 03 30 presentChronologyRelatedJep Rock amp Roll Jeopardy Sports Jeopardy Jeopardy The Greatest of All TimeThe original daytime version debuted on NBC on March 30 1964 and aired until January 3 1975 A nighttime syndicated edition aired weekly from September 1974 to September 1975 and a revival The All New Jeopardy ran on NBC from October 1978 to March 1979 on weekdays The syndicated show familiar with modern viewers and produced daily currently by Sony Pictures Television a premiered on September 10 1984 Art Fleming served as host for all versions of the show between 1964 and 1979 Don Pardo served as announcer until 1975 and John Harlan announced for the 1978 1979 season The daily syndicated version premiered in 1984 with Alex Trebek as host and Johnny Gilbert as announcer Trebek hosted until his death with his last episode airing January 8 2021 after over 35 years in the role Following his death a variety of guest hosts completed the season 3 beginning with consulting producer and former contestant Ken Jennings each hosting for a few weeks before passing the role onto someone else Since September 2021 after then executive producer Mike Richards assumed then relinquished within a week the position of permanent host 4 Jennings and Mayim Bialik have served as permanent rotating hosts of the syndicated series While Bialik was originally arranged to host additional primetime specials on ABC and spin offs the announcement of Jeopardy Masters in 2023 meant these duties were shared as well Currently in its 39th season Jeopardy is one of the longest running game shows of all time The show has consistently enjoyed a wide viewership and received many accolades from professional television critics With over 8 000 episodes aired 2 the daily syndicated version of Jeopardy has won a record 39 Daytime Emmy Awards as well as a Peabody Award In 2013 the program was ranked No 45 on TV Guide s list of the 60 greatest shows in American television history Jeopardy has also gained a worldwide following with regional adaptations in many other countries Contents 1 Gameplay 1 1 Final Jeopardy 1 2 Winnings 1 3 Returning champions 1 4 Variations for tournament play 2 Conception and development 3 Personnel 3 1 Hosts 3 2 Announcers 3 3 Clue Crew 3 4 Production staff 4 Production 4 1 Set 4 2 Theme music 4 3 Audition process 5 Broadcast history 5 1 Archived episodes 6 Reception and legacy 7 Tournaments and other events 7 1 Regular events 7 2 Special events 8 Record holders 9 Other media 9 1 Portrayals and parodies 9 2 Merchandise 9 3 Internet 10 See also 11 Notes 12 References 13 External linksGameplay EditEach game of Jeopardy features three contestants competing in three rounds the Jeopardy round the Double Jeopardy round and the Final Jeopardy round 5 In each round contestants are presented trivia clues phrased as answers to which they must respond in the form of a question that correctly identifies whatever the clue is describing 5 For example if a contestant were to select Presidents for 200 the resulting clue could be This Father of Our Country didn t really chop down a cherry tree to which the correct response is Who is was George Washington The layout of the Jeopardy game board since November 26 2001 showing the dollar values used in the first round in the second round the values are doubled Categories at the top of the board vary between each round and episode The Jeopardy and Double Jeopardy rounds each feature large electronic game boards consisting of six categories with five clues each The clues are valued by dollar amounts from lowest to highest ostensibly by difficulty 5 The values of the clues increased over time with those in the Double Jeopardy round always being double the range of the Jeopardy round 5 On the original Jeopardy series clue values in the first round ranged from 10 to 50 in the Jeopardy round and 20 to 100 in Double Jeopardy 6 On The All New Jeopardy they ranged from 25 to 125 and 50 to 250 The 1984 series first round originally ranged from 100 to 500 in Jeopardy and 200 to 1 000 in Double Jeopardy 5 These ranges were increased to 200 1 000 and 400 2 000 respectively on November 26 2001 7 Gameplay begins when the returning champion or in Tournament of Champions play the highest seeded player or in all tournaments second or final round play the player with the highest score in the previous round selects a clue by indicating its category and dollar value on the game board The two or if there is no returning champion three challengers or in non Tournament of Champions play first round tournament contestants participate in a random draw prior to taping to determine contestant order and if there is no returning champion or in first round play of regular tournaments the contestant who drew the first lectern starts first The underlying clue is revealed and read aloud by the host after which any contestant may ring in using a lock out device The first contestant to ring in successfully is prompted to respond to the clue by stating a question containing the correct answer to the clue Any grammatically coherent question with the correct answer within it counts as a correct response 8 If the contestant responds correctly its dollar value is added to the contestant s score and they may select a new clue from the board An incorrect response or a failure to respond within five seconds deducts the clue s value from the contestant s score and allows the other contestants the opportunity to ring in and respond If the response is not technically incorrect but otherwise judged too vague to be correct the contestant is given additional time to provide a more specific response 5 Whenever none of the contestants ring in and respond correctly the host gives the correct response and the player who selected the previous clue chooses the next clue 9 Gameplay continues until the board is cleared or the round s time length expires which is typically indicated by a beeping sound The contestant who has the lowest score selects the first clue to start the Double Jeopardy round 9 If there is a tie for the contestant with the lowest score the contestant with the last correct question among the tied players will select first in the round a rule change since season 38 2021 and made public on an August 2022 show podcast 10 A Daily Double clue is hidden behind one clue in the Jeopardy round and two in Double Jeopardy 5 The name and inspiration were taken from a horse racing term 11 Daily Double clues with a sound component are known as Audio Daily Doubles and clues with a video component are known as Video Daily Doubles Before the clue is revealed the contestant who has selected the Daily Double must declare a wager from a minimum of 5 to a maximum of his or her entire score known as a true Daily Double or the highest clue value available in the round whichever is greater 9 12 Only the contestant who chooses the Daily Double is allowed to answer the clue and they must provide a response A correct response adds the value of the wager to the contestant s score while an incorrect response or failure to provide any response at all deducts the same value Whether or not the contestant responds correctly they choose the next clue 9 During the Jeopardy round contestants are not penalized for forgetting to phrase their response in the form of a question although the host will remind them to watch their phrasing in future responses if they do In the Double Jeopardy round and in the Daily Double in the Jeopardy round the phrasing rule is followed more strictly with a response only able to be ruled as correct if it is phrased properly in question form A contestant who initially does not phrase a response in the form of a question must re phrase it before the host rules against them 12 Contestants are encouraged to select the clues in order from lowest to highest value as the clues are sometimes written in each category to flow from one to the next as is the case with game shows that ask questions in a linear string Deviating from this is known as the Forrest Bounce a strategy in which contestants randomly pick clues to confuse opponents that was first used in 1985 by Chuck Forrest who won over 70 000 in his initial run as champion Trebek expressed that this strategy not only annoyed him but the staffers as well since it also disrupts the rhythm that develops when revealing the clues and increases the potential for error 13 Another strategy used by some contestants is to play all of the higher valued clues first and build up a substantial lead starting at the bottom of the board James Holzhauer whose April June 2019 winning streak included the ten highest single day game totals regularly used this strategy in conjunction with the Forrest Bounce and aggressive Daily Double wagering 14 From the premiere of the original Jeopardy until the end of the 1984 85 syndicated season contestants were allowed to ring in as soon as the clue was revealed Since September 1985 contestants have been required to wait until the clue is read before ringing in To accommodate the rule change lights were added to the game board unseen by home viewers to signify when it is permissible for contestants to signal 15 Attempting to signal before the light goes on locks the contestant out for half of a second 16 The change was made to allow the home audience to play along more easily and to keep an extremely fast contestant from potentially dominating the game In pre 1985 episodes a sound accompanied a contestant ringing in According to Trebek the sound was eliminated because it was distracting to the viewers and presented a problem when contestants rang in while Trebek was still reading the clue 15 Contestants who are visually impaired or blind have been given a card with the category names printed in Braille before each round begins 17 18 To ensure fairness in competition and accuracy in scores the judges double check their own rulings throughout the production of each episode If it is determined at any point that a previous response was wrongly ruled correct or incorrect during the taping of an episode the scores are adjusted at the first available opportunity almost always either at the start of the round or right before a Daily Double clue is revealed with the host providing any necessary explanation regarding the changes If an error that may have affected the result is not discovered until after taping of an episode is completed the affected contestant s are invited back to compete on a future show complying with federal quiz show regulations 19 However this is rare as most errors are found in the course of an episode s taping itself Contestants who finish Double Jeopardy with 0 or a negative score are automatically eliminated from the game at that point and awarded a consolation prize On at least one episode hosted by Art Fleming all three contestants finished Double Jeopardy with 0 or less and as a result no Final Jeopardy round was played 20 This rule is still in place for the syndicated version although staff has suggested that it is not set in stone and they may decide to display the clue for home viewers play if such a situation were ever to occur 21 Final Jeopardy Edit The Final Jeopardy round features a single clue At the end of the Double Jeopardy round the host announces the Final Jeopardy category and a commercial break follows Contestants who finish Double Jeopardy with less than 1 do not participate in this round During the break partitions are placed between the contestant lecterns and each contestant makes a final wager they may wager any amount of their earnings but may not wager certain numbers with connotations that are deemed inappropriate 22 Contestants write their wagers using a light pen on an electronic display on their lectern and are limited to five minutes although the limit may be adjusted if production issues delay the resumption of taping During this time contestants also phrase the question which is pre written during the wager 23 After the break the Final Jeopardy clue is revealed and read by the host The contestants have 30 seconds to write their responses on the electronic display while the show s Think music plays If either the display or the pen malfunctions contestants can manually write their responses and wagers using an index card and marker although the index card has the required phrasing pre printed on each side Who What Visually impaired or blind contestants typically type their responses and wagers with a computer keyboard 17 18 Contestants responses are revealed in order of their pre Final Jeopardy scores from lowest to highest Once a correct response is revealed the host confirms it Otherwise the host reveals the correct response if all contestants responded incorrectly A correct response adds the amount of the contestant s wager to his her score A miss failure to respond insufficiently specific response misspelling that affects the pronunciation of the answer or failure to phrase the response as a question even if correct deducts it 9 The contestant with the highest score at the end of the round is that day s winner If there is a tie for second place consolation prizes are awarded based on the scores going into the Final Jeopardy round If all three contestants finish with 0 no one returns as champion for the next show and based on scores going into the Final Jeopardy round the two contestants who were first and second receive the second place prize and the contestant in third receives the third place prize Various researchers have studied Final Jeopardy wagering strategies If the leader s score is more than twice the second place contestant s score a situation known as a runaway game the leader can guarantee victory by making a sufficiently small wager 24 269 Otherwise according to Jeopardy College Champion Keith Williams the leader usually wagers an amount that would be a dollar greater than twice the second place contestant s score guaranteeing a win with a correct response 25 Writing about Jeopardy wagering in the 1990s Gilbert and Hatcher said that most players wager aggressively 24 269 Winnings Edit The top scorer in each game is paid their winnings in cash and returns to play in the next match Non winners receive consolation prizes instead of their winnings in the game As of May 16 2002 consolation prizes have been 2 000 for the second place contestant s and 1 000 for the third place contestant 26 Since travel and lodging are generally not provided for contestants cash consolation prizes offset these costs Production covers the cost of travel for returning champions and players invited back because of errors who must make multiple trips to Los Angeles Production also covers the cost of travel if a tournament travels does not stay in Los Angeles on the second week 27 During Art Fleming s hosting run all three contestants received their winnings in cash where applicable This was changed at the start of Trebek s hosting run to avoid the problem of contestants who stopped participating in the game or avoided wagering in Final Jeopardy rather than risk losing the money they had already won This also allowed the increase to clue values since only one contestant s score is paid instead of three 28 From 1984 to 2002 non winning contestants on the Trebek version received vacation packages and merchandise which were donated by manufacturers as promotional consideration Since 2004 a presenting sponsor has provided cash prizes to the losing contestants As of 2019 update GEICO serves as the presenting sponsor of the consolation prizes except for the Tournaments which are sponsored by Consumer Cellular 29 Returning champions Edit The winner of each episode returns to compete against two new contestants on the next episode Originally a contestant who won five consecutive days retired undefeated and was guaranteed a spot in the Tournament of Champions The five day limit was eliminated September 8 2003 30 In rare instances contestants tie for first place The rules related to ties have changed over time Since November 2014 31 ties for first place following Final Jeopardy are broken with a tie breaker clue resulting in only a single champion being named keeping their winnings and returning to compete in the next show The tied contestants are given the single clue and the first contestant to buzz in must give the correct question A contestant cannot win by default if the opponent gives an incorrect question The contestant must give a correct question to win the game If neither player gives the correct question another clue is given 32 Previously if two or all three contestants tied for first place they were declared co champions and each retained his or her winnings and unless one was a five time champion who retired prior to 2003 returned on the following episode A tie occurred on the January 29 2014 episode when Arthur Chu leading at the end of Double Jeopardy wagered to tie challenger Carolyn Collins rather than winning Chu followed Jeopardy College Champion Keith Williams s advice to wager for the tie to increase the leader s chances of winning 33 34 A three way tie for first place has only occurred once on the Trebek version on March 16 2007 when Scott Weiss Jamey Kirby and Anders Martinson all ended the game with 16 000 35 Until March 1 2018 31 36 no regular game had ended in a tie breaker If no contestant finishes Final Jeopardy with a positive total there is no winner and three new contestants compete on the next episode This has happened on several episodes including the second episode hosted by Trebek 37 38 39 A winner unable to return as champion because of a change in personal circumstances for example illness or a job offer may be allowed to appear as a co champion in a later episode 40 41 42 Variations for tournament play Edit Throughout each season Jeopardy features various special tournaments for particular groups including among others college students teenagers and teachers Each year at the Tournament of Champions the players who had won the most games and money in the previous season come back to compete against each other for a large cash prize Tournaments generally feature 15 contestants and run for 10 consecutive episodes They generally take place across three rounds the quarterfinal round five games the semifinal round three games and the final round two games The first five episodes the quarterfinals feature three new contestants each day Other than in the Tournament of Champions the quarterfinals are unseeded and contestants participate in a random draw to determine playing order and lectern positions over the course of the five games The Tournament of Champions is seeded based on total winnings in regular games to determine playing order and lectern positions with the top five players occupying the champion s lectern for the quarterfinal games Since the removal of the five game limit in regular gameplay in the unlikely case of a tie in total winnings between two Tournament of Champions players the player who won the most games receives the higher seed If still tied seeding is determined by comparing the tied players aggregate Double Jeopardy and if still tied Jeopardy round scores The winners of the five quarterfinal games and the four highest scoring non winners wild cards advance to the semifinals which run for three days The semifinals are seeded with the quarterfinal winners being seeded 1 5 based on their quarterfinal scores and the wild cards being seeded 6 9 The winners of the quarterfinal games with the three highest scores occupy the champion s lectern for the semifinals The winners of the three semifinal games advance to play in a two game final match in which the scores from both games are combined to determine the overall standings This format has been used since the first Tournament of Champions in 1985 and was devised by Trebek himself 43 To prevent later contestants from playing to beat the earlier wild card scores instead of playing to win contestants are completely isolated from the studio until it is their time to compete 44 If none of the contestants in a quarterfinal end with a positive score no contestant automatically qualifies from that game and an additional wild card contestant advances instead 45 This occurred in the quarterfinals of the 1991 Seniors Tournament and the semifinals of the 2013 Teen Tournament where the rule was in effect during the semifinals but after that tournament the rule has changed for semifinals and finals 45 As the players are not isolated during the semifinals the way they are during the quarterfinals show management have since changed the rules in tournament semifinals Starting with the 2013 Tournament of Champions semifinal games like the two game finals must have a winner Players who participate in Final Jeopardy will participate in the standard tie breaker regardless of the score being zero or a positive score Similarly if all three players have a zero score at the end of a two game match a normal tournament finals format will proceed to a tie breaker In a best of seven tournament format where a player must win three games to win the tournament such as the 2020 Greatest of All Time or 2022 Tournament of Champions the tie breaker will be used regardless of the score being zero or positive for players to win the game and receive the point In the standard tournament finals format contestants who finish Double Jeopardy with a 0 or negative score on either day do not play Final Jeopardy that day Their score for that leg is recorded as 0 Conception and development Edit Logo for the original Jeopardy 1964 1975 In a 1963 Associated Press profile released shortly before the original Jeopardy series premiered Merv Griffin offered the following account of how he created the quiz show My wife Julann just came up with the idea one day when we were in a plane bringing us back to New York City from Duluth I was mulling over game show ideas when she noted that there had not been a successful question and answer game on the air since the quiz show scandals Why not do a switch and give the answers to the contestant and let them come up with the question She fired a couple of answers to me 5 280 and the question of course was How many feet in a mile Another was 79 Wistful Vista that was Fibber and Mollie McGee s address I loved the idea went straight to NBC with the idea and they bought it without even looking at a pilot show 46 47 Griffin s first conception of the game used a board comprising ten categories with ten clues each but after finding that this board could not easily be shown on camera he reduced it to two rounds of thirty clues each with five clues in each of six categories 48 He originally intended requiring grammatically correct phrasing e g only accepting Who is for a person but after finding that grammatical correction slowed the game down he decided to accept any correct response that was in question form 49 Griffin discarded his initial title of What s the Question when skeptical network executive Ed Vane rejected his original concept of the game claiming It doesn t have enough jeopardies 48 50 The format of giving contestants the answers and requiring the questions had previously been used by the Gil Fates hosted program CBS Television Quiz which aired from July 1941 until May 1942 51 Personnel EditHosts Edit Original host Art Fleming who hosted versions that aired from 1964 to 1979 Alex Trebek hosted the show from 1984 until his death in 2020 Mike Richards was the host of the show for one week in 2021 before resigning the position amid controversy Mayim Bialik has hosted prime time versions and split hosting duties on the syndicated version since 2021 Ken Jennings has shared hosting duties on the syndicated version since 2021 Art Fleming was the original host of the show throughout both NBC runs and its brief weekly syndicated run between 1964 and 1979 Alex Trebek served as host of the daily syndicated version from its premiere in 1984 until his death in 2020 52 except when he switched places with Wheel of Fortune host Pat Sajak as an April Fool s joke on April 1 1997 53 On a Fox News program in July 2018 Trebek said the odds of his retirement in 2020 were 50 50 and a little less He added that he might continue if he s not making too many mistakes but would make an intelligent decision as to when he should give up the emcee role 54 In November 2018 Trebek renewed his contract as host through 2022 55 stating in January 2019 that the work schedule consisting of 46 taping sessions each year was still manageable for a man of his age 56 On March 6 2019 Trebek announced he had been diagnosed with stage IV pancreatic cancer a disease from which Fleming also died on April 25 1995 In a prepared video statement announcing his diagnosis Trebek noted that his prognosis was poor but that he would aggressively fight the cancer in hopes of beating the odds and would continue hosting Jeopardy for as long as he was able joking that his contract obligated him to do so for three more years regardless of health 57 Trebek was still serving as host when he died on November 8 2020 His last episodes were taped on October 29 2020 At the time producers declined to discuss any plans to introduce his successor while stating that they had enough new episodes with Trebek as host to run through Christmas Day 58 On November 9 2020 the first episode after Trebek s death executive producer Mike Richards paid tribute to Trebek after a few seconds of silence where the lights on the Jeopardy set slowly dimmed 59 That episode as well as subsequent episodes that aired after Trebek s death also included a dedication screen at the end of the credits through the remainder of the season 60 To compensate for the delay caused by cancellation of most November production dates and pre emptions caused by holiday week specials and sports Sony announced on November 23 2020 that the air dates of Trebek s final week were postponed with episodes scheduled for the week of December 21 25 being postponed to January 4 8 2021 Reruns of episodes in which Trebek recorded clues on location aired from December 21 2020 to January 1 2021 before his final episodes aired January 4 8 2021 61 Production resumed on November 30 2020 with a planned group of guest hosts from the staff with those episodes commencing January 11 2021 Sony announced the hosts would come from within the Jeopardy family with Ken Jennings announced as the first interim host 62 3 Between January and February 2021 additional guest hosts were announced including executive producer Mike Richards television news personalities Katie Couric Bill Whitaker Savannah Guthrie Sanjay Gupta and Anderson Cooper athlete Aaron Rodgers talk show host Mehmet Oz and actress and neuroscientist Mayim Bialik 63 64 An April 2021 announcement listed the final group of guest hosts including television news personalities George Stephanopoulos and Robin Roberts Reading Rainbow host LeVar Burton Squawk on the Street co host David Faber and Fox Sports broadcaster Joe Buck 65 In addition Buzzy Cohen the 2017 Jeopardy Tournament of Champions winner hosted the 2021 Tournament of Champions 66 On August 11 2021 it was announced that Richards would succeed Trebek as host of the daily show and Bialik would host Jeopardy primetime specials and spin offs 67 68 On August 20 2021 following a report from The Ringer exposing controversial remarks made on his podcast in the past resurfaced controversies from Richards s time on The Price Is Right and accusations of self dealing regarding his executive producer position Richards stepped down as host after taping the first week of episodes while remaining executive producer before being dismissed from the latter role on August 31 Richards five episodes as host aired in September 2021 69 70 then Bialik and Jennings alternated hosting the show for the rest of season 38 through the end of July 2022 Bialik also hosted the season s various tournaments and primetime specials 71 In July 2022 it was announced that Bialik and Jennings would continuing splitting hosting duties for the 39th season of the syndicated version Jennings would also host the Tournament of Champions and the new Second Chance Tournament while Bialik would also again host primetime specials and spinoffs including a new celebrity edition of Jeopardy which premiered in September 2022 72 73 However in January 2023 ABC announced Jennings would host a Jeopardy Masters spinoff indicating a change of arrangement 74 Announcers Edit Don Pardo held the role of announcer on the NBC version and weekly syndicated version 6 while John Harlan replaced him for The All New Jeopardy 75 In the daily syndicated version s first pilot from 1983 Jay Stewart served as the announcer but Johnny Gilbert took over the role at Trebek s recommendation when that version was picked up as a series 76 Clue Crew Edit The Jeopardy Clue Crew introduced on September 24 2001 was a team of roving correspondents who appeared in videos recorded around the world to narrate some clues 77 Explaining why the Clue Crew was added executive producer Harry Friedman said TV is a visual medium and the more visual we can make our clues the more we think it will enhance the experience for the viewer 78 Following the initial announcement of auditions for the team over 5 000 people applied for Clue Crew posts 78 The original Clue Crew members were Cheryl Farrell Jimmy McGuire Sofia Lidskog and Sarah Whitcomb Foss 77 Jon Cannon and Kelly Miyahara joined the Clue Crew in 2005 79 Farrell recorded clues until October 2008 80 and Cannon until July 2009 81 Miyahara who also served as announcer for the Sports Jeopardy spin off series left in 2019 82 83 The Clue Crew was eliminated beginning with the 39th season in September 2022 Foss became a producer for the show and McGuire a stage manager 82 Foss also serves as in studio announcer when Johnny Gilbert is unable to attend a taping In such cases her voice is replaced with Gilbert s in post production 52 84 The Clue Crew traveled to over 300 cities worldwide spanning all 50 of the United States and 46 other countries Occasionally they visited schools to showcase the educational game Classroom Jeopardy 85 Production staff Edit Merv Griffin created the show and was executive producer from 1984 to 2000 Harry Friedman was executive producer from 1999 to 2020 Robert Rubin served as the producer of the original Jeopardy series for most of its run and later became its executive producer 86 Following Rubin s promotion the line producer was Lynette Williams 86 Griffin was the daily syndicated version s executive producer until his retirement in 2000 87 Trebek served as producer as well as host until 1987 when he began hosting NBC s Classic Concentration for the next four years 87 At that time he handed producer duties to George Vosburgh who had formerly produced The All New Jeopardy In 1997 Harry Friedman Lisa Finneran and Rocky Schmidt succeeded Vosburgh as producers of the show Beginning in 1999 Friedman became executive producer 88 and Gary Johnson became the third producer In 2006 Deb Dittmann and Brett Schneider became producers while Finneran Schmidt and Johnson became supervising producers 86 The original Jeopardy series was directed at different times by Bob Hultgren Eleanor Tarshis and Jeff Goldstein 86 Dick Schneider who directed episodes of The All New Jeopardy returned as director from 1984 to 1992 From 1992 to 2018 Kevin McCarthy served as director who had previously served as associate director under Schneider 87 McCarthy announced his retirement after 26 years on June 26 2018 and was succeeded as director by Clay Jacobsen 89 As of 2012 Jeopardy employs nine writers and five researchers to create and assemble the categories and clues 90 Billy Wisse is the editorial producer and Michele Loud is the editorial supervisor 91 Previous writing and editorial supervisors have included Jules Minton Terrence McDonnell Harry Eisenberg and Gary Johnson 86 Trebek himself also contributed to writing clues and categories 92 Naomi Slodki is the production designer for the program 91 Previous art directors have included Henry Lickel Dennis Roof 93 Bob Rang 86 and Ed Flesh who also designed sets for other game shows such as The 25 000 Pyramid Name That Tune and Wheel of Fortune 94 On August 1 2019 Sony Pictures Television announced that Friedman would retire as executive producer of both Jeopardy and Wheel of Fortune at the end of the 2019 20 season 95 On August 29 2019 it was announced that Mike Richards replaced Friedman in 2020 96 On August 31 2021 after Richards had resigned as permanent host earlier in the month he was fired from his executive producer position at both Jeopardy and Wheel with Sony executives citing continued internal turmoil that Richards s resignation as host had failed to quell as they had hoped Michael Davies from Embassy Row which also produces Sony game show Who Wants to Be a Millionaire was selected as interim executive producer 97 through the 2021 22 season 71 On April 14 2022 Davies accepted the role on a permanent basis 98 Production EditThe daily syndicated version of Jeopardy is produced by Sony Pictures Television previously known as Columbia TriStar Television the successor company to original producer Merv Griffin Enterprises 99 The copyright holder is Jeopardy Productions which like SPT operates as a subsidiary of Sony Pictures Entertainment 100 The rights to distribute the program worldwide are owned by CBS Media Ventures which absorbed original distributor King World Productions in 2007 101 The original Jeopardy series was taped in Studio 6A at NBC Studios at 30 Rockefeller Plaza in New York City 102 and The All New Jeopardy was taped in Studio 3 at NBC s Burbank Studios at 3000 West Alameda Avenue in Burbank California 103 The Trebek version was initially taped at Metromedia Stage 7 KTTV on Sunset Boulevard in Hollywood 103 but moved its production facilities to Hollywood Center Studios Stage 1 in 1985 In 1994 the Jeopardy production facilities moved to Sony Pictures Studios Stage 10 on Washington Boulevard in Culver City California 103 where production has remained since Stage 10 was dedicated in Trebek s honor when episodes for the 38th season began taping in August 2021 with the stage being renamed to The Alex Trebek Stage with help from the Trebek family Alex s wife Jean son Matthew and daughters Emily and Nicky 104 Five episodes are taped each day with two days of taping every other week 105 Set Edit Various sets used by the syndicated version over the years From top to bottom 1984 85 1985 91 1991 96 1996 2002 2002 06 and 2009 13 Various technological and aesthetic changes have been made to the Jeopardy set over the years The original game board was exposed from behind a curtain and featured clues printed on cardboard pull cards which were revealed as contestants selected them 6 The All New Jeopardy s game board was exposed from behind double slide panels and featured pull cards with the dollar amount in front and the clue behind it When the Trebek version premiered in 1984 the game board used individual television monitors for each clue within categories The original monitors were replaced with larger and sleeker ones in 1991 106 In 2006 these monitors were discarded in favor of a nearly seamless projection video wall 107 which was replaced in 2009 with 36 high definition flat panel monitors manufactured by Sony Electronics 108 From 1985 to 1997 the sets were designed to have a background color of blue for the Jeopardy round and red for the Double Jeopardy and Final Jeopardy rounds In 1991 a brand new set was introduced that resembled a grid 106 On the episode aired November 11 1996 Jeopardy introduced the first of several sets designed by Naomi Slodki who intended the set to resemble the foyer of a very contemporary library with wood and sandblasted glass and blue granite 109 In 2002 another new set was introduced 110 which was given slight modifications when Jeopardy and sister show Wheel of Fortune transitioned to high definition broadcasting in 2006 107 During this time virtual tours of the set began to be featured on the official web site 111 The various HD improvements for Jeopardy and Wheel represented a combined investment of approximately 4 million 5 000 hours of labor and 6 miles 9 7 km of cable 107 Both programs had been shot using HD cameras for several years before beginning to broadcast in HD On standard definition television broadcasts episodes continue displaying with an aspect ratio of 4 3 In 2009 Jeopardy updated its set once again The new set debuted with special episodes taped at the 42nd annual International CES technology trade show hosted at the Las Vegas Convention Center in Winchester Las Vegas Valley Nevada and became the primary set for Jeopardy when the 2009 2010 season began 108 In 2013 Jeopardy introduced another new set 112 This set underwent several modifications in 2020 with a wider studio without any studio audience the last episodes of the 2019 2020 season were also taped without an audience and new lecterns for contestants and the host The lecterns are spaced considerably apart to comply with California state regulations imposed when filming resumed after the coronavirus pandemic ended the 2020 season early 113 Although the modified COVID era set from the previous two seasons was kept the live studio audience fully returned for season 39 which began airing on September 12 2022 114 Theme music Edit Since the debut of Jeopardy in 1964 several songs and arrangements have been used as the theme music most of which were composed by Griffin The main theme for the original Jeopardy series was Take Ten 115 composed by Griffin s wife Julann 116 The All New Jeopardy opened with January February March and closed with Frisco Disco both of which were composed by Griffin himself 117 The best known theme song on Jeopardy is Think originally composed by Griffin under the title A Time for Tony as a lullaby for his son 118 Think has always been used for the 30 second period in Final Jeopardy when the contestants write down their responses and since the syndicated version debuted in 1984 a rendition of that tune has been used as the main theme song 119 Think has become so popular that it has been used in many different contexts from sporting events to weddings 120 its 30 second countdown has become synonymous with any deadline pressure 121 Griffin estimated that the use of Think had earned him royalties of over 70 million throughout his lifetime 122 Think led Griffin to win the Broadcast Music Inc BMI President s Award in 2003 123 and during GSN s 2009 Game Show Awards special it was named Best Game Show Theme Song 124 In 1997 the main theme later rearranged in 2001 and Final Jeopardy Think cue were rearranged by Steve Kaplan who served as music director until his December 2003 death 125 Then in 2008 the Jeopardy music package was rearranged again this time by Chris Bell Music amp Sound Design 126 The newest version of the main theme which draws elements from the 2008 arrangement was composed by Bleeding Fingers Music and has been used since season 38 127 Audition process Edit Main article Jeopardy audition process For the original Jeopardy series prospective contestants contacted the production office in New York to arrange an appointment and to preliminarily determine eligibility They were briefed and auditioned together in groups of ten to thirty individuals participating in both a written test and mock games Individuals who were successful at the audition were invited to appear on the program within approximately six weeks 128 Since 1984 prospective contestants begin with a written exam comprising 50 questions 129 This exam is administered online periodically as well as being offered at regional contestant search events Since 1998 a Winnebago recreational vehicle dubbed the Jeopardy Brain Bus travels to conduct regional events throughout the United States and Canada 130 Participants who correctly answer at least 35 out of 50 questions advance in the audition process and are invited to attend in person group auditions throughout the country At these auditions a second written exam is administered followed by a mock game and interviews Those who are approved are notified at a later time and invited to appear as contestants Eligibility is limited to people who have not previously appeared as contestants and have not been to an in person audition for at least 18 months 131 Many of the contestants who appear on the series including a majority of Teen Tournament contestants and nearly half of all College Tournament contestants participated in quiz bowl competitions during their time in high school The National Academic Quiz Tournaments has been described by Ken Jennings as a de facto minor league for game shows such as Jeopardy 132 Broadcast history EditMain article Broadcast of Jeopardy The original Jeopardy series premiered on NBC on March 30 1964 103 and by the end of the 1960s was the second highest rated daytime game show behind only The Hollywood Squares 133 The program was successful until 1974 when Lin Bolen then NBC s Vice President of Daytime Programming moved the show out of the noontime slot where it had been located for most of its run as part of her effort to boost ratings among the 18 34 female demographic 134 After 2 753 episodes the original Jeopardy series ended on January 3 1975 To compensate Griffin for its cancellation NBC purchased Wheel of Fortune another show that he had created and premiered it the following Monday 135 A syndicated edition of Jeopardy distributed by Metromedia and featuring many contestants who were previously champions on the original series aired in primetime from 1974 to 1975 136 The NBC daytime series was later revived as The All New Jeopardy which premiered on October 2 1978 137 and aired 108 episodes ending on March 2 1979 138 This revival featured significant rule changes including progressive elimination of contestants over the course of the main game and a Super Jeopardy bonus round based loosely on bingo instead of Final Jeopardy 5 The daily syndicated version debuted on September 10 1984 139 and was launched in response to the success of the syndicated version of Wheel 140 and the installation of electronic trivia games in pubs and bars 141 This version of the program has outlived 300 other game shows and has become the second most popular game show in syndication behind Wheel averaging 25 million viewers per week The most recent renewal in January 2023 extends it through the 2027 28 season 142 Countries with versions of Jeopardy listed in yellow and the common Arabic language version in bright yellow Jeopardy has spawned versions in many foreign countries throughout the world including Canada the United Kingdom Germany Sweden Russia Denmark Israel and Australia 143 The American syndicated version of Jeopardy is also broadcast throughout the world with international distribution rights handled by CBS Studios International 144 Three spin off versions of Jeopardy have been created Rock amp Roll Jeopardy debuted on VH1 in 1998 145 and ran until 2001 The format centered around post 1950s popular music trivia and was hosted by Jeff Probst 5 Jep which aired on GSN during the 1998 1999 season was a special children s version hosted by Bob Bergen and featured various rule changes from the original version 146 Sports Jeopardy a sports themed version hosted by Dan Patrick premiered in 2014 on the Crackle digital service and eventually moved to the cable sports network NBCSN in 2016 147 In March 2020 taping halted as a result of the COVID 19 pandemic Originally the production team taped episodes without an audience until production was shut down altogether In May 2020 Sony announced new episodes would air until June 12 2020 including the Teacher s Tournament 148 149 In July 2020 Jeopardy began rerunning a package of 20 classic episodes including the first two from the syndicated run 150 Production resumed in August 2020 with new safety measures in place following government guidelines to protect contestants staff crew and talent New expanded lecterns designed to allow social distancing during gameplay are spaced apart from one another 151 Until the COVID 19 pandemic in the United States is over only essential staff and crew are allowed on stage Personal protective equipment is provided for everyone behind the scenes and all staff and crew are tested regularly while contestants are also tested before they step onto the set Social distancing measures are also enforced off stage 152 Ken Jennings joined production in an on air role in 2020 153 Following Trebek s death an announcement noted that the pre taped episodes were to air posthumously until December 25 2020 154 155 Owing to concerns after a late start to tapings caused by the pandemic and the cancellation of November tapings officials added a two week lineup of classic episodes to avoid NFL NBA or local Christmas programming preemptions that moved Trebek s final episode to January 8 2021 The first episode with an interim host aired January 11 2021 Archived episodes Edit Only a small number of episodes of the first three Jeopardy versions survive From the original NBC daytime version archived episodes mostly consist of black and white kinescopes of the original color videotapes 156 Various episodes from 1967 1971 1973 and 1974 are listed among the holdings of the UCLA Film and Television Archive 157 The 1964 test episode Episode No 2 000 from February 21 1972 in color and a June 1975 episode of the weekly syndicated edition exist at the Paley Center for Media 158 The test episode of which only a few limited clips had been released was released to the public in full on the Jeopardy YouTube account March 30 2022 and an audiotape containing approximately five minutes including introductions and Final Jeopardy from the first aired episode was also released to the public both episodes were released to celebrate the 58th anniversary of the show s debut 159 160 The 1975 series finale also in color and containing two short clips from the 1967 College Scholarship Tournament and Gene Shalit s appearance on an early version of Celebrity Jeopardy also exists in its entirety Incomplete paper records of the NBC era games exist on microfilm at the Library of Congress GSN holds The All New Jeopardy s premiere and finale in broadcast quality and aired the latter on December 31 1999 as part of its Y2Play marathon 138 The UCLA Archive holds a copy of a pilot taped for CBS in 1977 157 and the premiere exists among the Paley Center s holdings 158 GSN which like Jeopardy is an affiliate of Sony Pictures Television has rerun episodes since the channel s launch in 1994 Copies of 43 Trebek hosted syndicated Jeopardy episodes aired between 1989 and 2004 have been collected by the UCLA Archive 157 and the premiere and various other episodes are included in the Paley Center s collection 158 In July 2022 Vulture reported that vintage episodes of the daily syndicated version would air on a dedicated channel on Pluto TV beginning in August 161 The channel named Jeopardy Hosted by Alex Trebek launched on August 1 162 Reception and legacy Edit Alex Trebek with the Peabody Award 2012 By 1994 the press called Jeopardy an American icon 163 It has won a record 39 Daytime Emmy Awards 164 The program holds the record for the Daytime Emmy Award for Outstanding Game Audience Participation Show with seventeen awards won in that category 90 Trebek won seven awards for Outstanding Game Show Host 90 Twelve other awards were won by the show s directors and writers in the categories of Outstanding Direction for a Game Audience Participation Show and Outstanding Special Class Writing before these categories were removed in 2006 On June 17 2011 Trebek shared the Lifetime Achievement Award with Sajak at the 38th Annual Daytime Emmy Awards ceremony 165 The following year the program was honored with a Peabody Award for its role in encouraging celebrating and rewarding knowledge 166 In its April 17 23 1993 issue TV Guide named Jeopardy the best game show of the 1970s as part of a celebration of the magazine s 40th anniversary 167 In January 2001 the magazine ranked the program number 2 on its 50 Greatest Game Shows list second only to The Price Is Right 168 It later ranked Jeopardy number 45 on its list of the 60 Best TV Series of All Time calling it habit forming and saying that the program always makes its viewers feel smarter 169 Also in 2013 the program ranked number 1 on TV Guide s list of the 60 Greatest Game Shows 170 In the summer of 2006 the program was ranked number 2 on GSN s list of the 50 Greatest Game Shows of All Time second only to Match Game 171 A hall of fame honoring Jeopardy was added to the Sony Pictures Studios tour on September 20 2011 It features the show s Emmy Awards as well as retired set pieces classic merchandise video clips photographs and other memorabilia related to Jeopardy s history 172 In 1989 Fleming expressed dissatisfaction with the daily syndicated Jeopardy series in an essay published in Sports Illustrated He confessed that he only watched the Trebek version infrequently only for a handful of questions and criticized this iteration mainly for its Hollywood setting Fleming believed that in contrast to New Yorkers who Fleming considered being more intelligent and authentic moving the show to Hollywood brought both an unrealistic glamour and a dumbing down of the program that he disdained He also disliked the decision to not award losing contestants their cash earnings believing the parting gifts offered instead were cheap and expressed surprise that what he considered a parlor game had transformed into such a national phenomenon under Trebek 173 In television interviews Fleming expressed similar sentiments while also noting that he approved of Trebek s approach to hosting that Fleming and Trebek were personal friends and that despite the modern show s flaws it was still one of the best television shows 174 Jeopardy s answer and question format has become widely entrenched Fleming observed that other game shows had contestants phrasing their answers in question form leading hosts to remind them that they are not competing on Jeopardy 175 Tournaments and other events EditMain article List of Jeopardy tournaments and events Regular events Edit Starting in 1985 the show has held an annual Tournament of Champions featuring the top fifteen champions who have appeared on the show since the last tournament The top prize awarded to the winner was originally valued at 100 000 143 and increased to 250 000 in 2003 176 Other regular tournaments include the Teen Tournament with a 100 000 top prize 144 the College Championship in which undergraduate students from American colleges and universities compete for a 100 000 top prize and the Teachers Tournament where educators compete for a 100 000 top prize 177 Each tournament runs for ten consecutive episodes in a format devised by Trebek himself consisting of five quarter final games three semi finals and a final consisting of two games with the scores totaled 43 Winners of the College Championship and Teachers Tournament are invited to participate in the Tournament of Champions Non tournament events held regularly on the show include Celebrity Jeopardy in which celebrities and other notable individuals compete for charitable organizations of their choice 178 and Kids Week a special competition for school age children aged 10 through 12 179 Special events Edit See also Jeopardy The Greatest of All Time Three International Tournaments held in 1996 1997 and 2001 featured one week competitions among champions from each of the international versions of Jeopardy Each of the countries that aired their own version of the show in those years could nominate a contestant The format was identical to the semi finals and finals of other Jeopardy tournaments 109 143 In 1996 and 1997 the winner received 25 000 In 2001 the top prize was doubled to 50 000 The 1997 tournament was recorded in Stockholm on the set of the Swedish version of Jeopardy and is significant for being the first week of Jeopardy episodes taped in a foreign country 109 Magnus Harenstam the host of the Swedish version of Jeopardy at the time introduced the first episode of the 1997 tournament including Trebek In addition prior to Final Jeopardy each day a video clip of Harenstam with Trebek in Stockholm was shown There have been several special tournaments featuring the greatest contestants in Jeopardy history The first of these all time best tournaments Super Jeopardy aired in the summer of 1990 on ABC and featured 35 top contestants from the previous seasons of the Trebek version and one notable champion from the original Jeopardy series competing for a top prize of 250 000 136 In 1993 that year s Tournament of Champions was followed by a Tenth Anniversary Tournament conducted over five episodes 180 In May 2002 to commemorate the Trebek version s 4 000th episode the show invited fifteen champions to play for a 1 million prize in the Million Dollar Masters tournament which took place at Radio City Music Hall in New York City 181 The Ultimate Tournament of Champions aired in 2005 and pitted 145 former Jeopardy champions against each other with two winners moving on to face Ken Jennings in a three game final for 2 000 000 the largest prize in the show s history 136 Overall the tournament spanned 15 weeks and 76 episodes starting on February 9 and ending on May 25 182 In 2014 Jeopardy commemorated the 30th anniversary of the Trebek version with a Battle of the Decades tournament in which 15 champions apiece from the first second and third decades of Jeopardy s daily syndicated history competed for a grand prize of 1 000 000 183 On November 18 2019 an announcement of Jeopardy returning to ABC for a primetime Greatest of All Time tournament was made beginning January 7 2020 which was to include Ken Jennings Brad Rutter and James Holzhauer The event used a multi night format with each episode featuring a two game match The contestant with the higher cumulative point total across both games was declared the winner of the match The first to win three matches received a 1 000 000 prize 184 The tournament concluded on January 14 2020 after four matches with Ken Jennings winning three matches to Holzhauer s one and Rutter s zero wins 185 Rutter and Holzhauer each received 250 000 for their participation In November 1998 Jeopardy traveled to Boston to reassemble 12 past Teen Tournament contestants for a special Teen Reunion Tournament 130 In 2008 fifteen contestants from the first two Kids Weeks competed in a special reunion tournament 186 During 2009 2010 a special edition of Celebrity Jeopardy called the Million Dollar Celebrity Invitational was played in which twenty seven contestants from past celebrity episodes competed for a grand prize of 1 000 000 for charity The grand prize was won by Michael McKean 187 The IBM Challenge aired February 14 16 2011 and featured IBM s Watson computer facing off against Ken Jennings and Brad Rutter in a two game match played over three shows 188 This was the first man vs machine competition in Jeopardy s history 189 Watson won both the first game and the overall match to win the grand prize of 1 million which IBM divided between two charities World Vision International and World Community Grid 190 Jennings who won 300 000 for second place and Rutter who won the 200 000 third place prize both pledged to donate half of their winnings to charity 191 The competition brought the show its highest ratings since the Ultimate Tournament of Champions 192 In 2019 The All Star Games had six teams with three former champions each Each team member played one of the three rounds in each game played Rutter David Madden and Larissa Kelly won the tournament 193 Record holders EditJeopardy s record for the longest winning streak is held by Ken Jennings who competed on the show from June 2 through November 30 2004 winning 74 matches before being defeated by Nancy Zerg in his 75th appearance He amassed 2 522 700 over his 75 episodes for an average of 33 636 per episode At the time he held the record as the highest money winner ever on American game shows and his winning streak increased the show s ratings and popularity to the point where it became TV s highest rated syndicated program 194 In addition to these winnings on the daily Jeopardy series Jennings returned for a number of Jeopardy special tournaments taking home the following the second place prize of 500 000 in the 2005 Jeopardy Ultimate Tournament of Champions the 300 000 second place prize in the 2011 Jeopardy IBM Challenge the 123 600 second place prize in the 2014 Jeopardy Battle of the Decades a 100 000 prize one third of the 300 000 second place prize to his three player team in the 2019 Jeopardy All Star Games 195 and the 1 000 000 first place prize in the 2020 Jeopardy The Greatest of All Time tournament The record holder for lifetime Jeopardy related winnings is Brad Rutter who has won nearly 5 2 million in cash and prizes across five episodes of the regular series when the rules stipulated that a contestant who won five consecutive days retired undefeated and seven Jeopardy tournaments and events winning five of those specials along with two third place finishes 196 Counting all prizes that he won he has achieved a cumulative total of 5 129 036 in winnings which included the 55 102 prize over five regular episodes in 2000 also including the value of two cars won worth 45 000 the 100 000 first place prize in the 2001 Jeopardy Tournament of Champions 197 the 1 000 000 first place prize in the 2002 Jeopardy Million Dollar Masters Tournament the 2 000 000 first place prize plus 115 000 in preliminary rounds in the 2005 Jeopardy Ultimate Tournament of Champions 198 the 200 000 third place prize in the 2011 Jeopardy IBM Challenge the 1 030 600 first place prize in the 2014 Jeopardy Battle of the Decades 333 334 one third of the 1 000 000 first place prize shared with his three player team in the 2019 Jeopardy All Star Games and a 250 000 prize in the 2020 Jeopardy The Greatest of All Time tournament The holder of the all time record for single day winnings on Jeopardy is James Holzhauer Holzhauer first surpassed the record of 77 000 held since 2010 199 by Roger Craig when he earned 110 914 on the episode that aired on April 9 2019 200 Holzhauer pushed his own single day record to 131 127 on the episode that aired April 17 2019 201 by amassing 71 114 over the episode s first two rounds then successfully wagering an additional 60 013 in the Final Jeopardy round Holzhauer s total of 32 consecutive games won was second place of all time in regular game play at the time and remains fourth overall after Matt Amodio and Amy Schneider surpassed Holzhauer in 2021 and 2022 respectively 202 When he departed the show he held the top 16 spots for highest single day regular game winnings and is the only player to win more than 100 000 in a single episode in regular play achieved six times 203 On April 15 2019 Holzhauer moved into second place for regular play Jeopardy winnings behind Jennings and third place for all Jeopardy related winnings behind Rutter and Jennings On April 23 2019 Holzhauer joined Rutter and Jennings as the third Jeopardy made millionaire Amodio eventually became the fourth The next day Holzhauer moved onto the top ten list for all time American game show winnings at No 10 joining Rutter 1 and Jennings 2 on that list Holzhauer was defeated on the June 3 2019 episode finishing in second place 204 His winnings on Jeopardy totaled 2 464 216 205 58 484 behind Jennings record 204 Including over 58 000 from a 2014 appearance on The Chase 206 with Holzhauer s 2 96 million from Jeopardy including his Tournament of Champions and The Greatest of All Time prizes he is 3 on the list of all time American game show winnings The record holder among women on Jeopardy for regular series winnings is Amy Schneider 207 with a total of 1 382 800 earned in 40 episodes between 2021 and 2022 208 209 202 Schneider is currently ranked second all time in consecutive games won behind only Jennings 74 210 211 202 Mattea Roach whose winning streak earned 560 983 over 23 games in April and May 2022 has been the most successful Canadian contestant to have competed on the program Following her run Roach ranked fifth for both consecutive games won and regular play Jeopardy winnings 212 202 The highest single day winnings in a Celebrity Jeopardy tournament was achieved by comedian Andy Richter during a first round game of the 2009 2010 Million Dollar Celebrity Invitational in which he finished with 68 000 for his selected charity the St Jude Children s Research Hospital 213 Four contestants on the Trebek version share the record for winning a game with the lowest amount possible at 1 The first was U S Air Force Lieutenant Colonel Darryl Scott on the episode that aired January 19 1993 214 215 The second was Benjamin Salisbury on a Celebrity Jeopardy episode that aired April 30 1997 216 The third was Brandi Chastain on the Celebrity Jeopardy episode that aired February 9 2001 217 The fourth was U S Navy Lieutenant Manny Abell on the episode that aired October 17 2017 215 Other media EditPortrayals and parodies Edit Jeopardy has been featured in several films television shows and books over the years mostly with one or more characters participating as contestants or viewing and interacting with the game show from their own homes The sitcoms The Golden Girls 218 Mama s Family 219 and Cheers are among the shows which have featured primary characters participating in a fictionalized version of the show the latter in the episode What Is Cliff Clavin 220 The animated television shows Family Guy The Simpsons and Scooby Doo and Guess Who have done likewise all three times with Trebek providing his own voice 221 222 On the series The Conners Jackie Harris plays on a fictionalized version of the show during the guest host run of Aaron Rodgers From 1996 to 2015 Saturday Night Live featured a recurring Celebrity Jeopardy sketch in which Trebek portrayed by Will Ferrell has to deal with the exasperating ineptitude of the show s celebrity guests and the constant taunts of antagonists Sean Connery played by Darrell Hammond and Burt Reynolds Norm Macdonald 223 The show has also parodied Jeopardy by way of the recurring sketch Black Jeopardy in which the host and two of the three contestants are stereotypical black Americans and the categories and clues likewise reflect black American culture The third contestant in Black Jeopardy provides a contrast to the others 224 The 1992 film White Men Can t Jump features a subplot in which Gloria Clemente played by Rosie Perez attempts to pass the show s auditions 225 In the David Foster Wallace short story Little Expressionless Animals first published in The Paris Review and later reprinted in Wallace s collection Girl with Curious Hair the character Julie Smith competes and wins on every Jeopardy game for three years a total of 700 episodes 226 and then uses her winnings to pay for the care of her brother who has autism 227 American musician Weird Al Yankovic satirized the Art Fleming incarnation of the show with his 1984 single I Lost on Jeopardy a parody of Greg Kihn s 1983 hit song Jeopardy Released months before the Trebek version of the show the song s accompanying music video featured a re creation of the 1960s era set along with cameos from Fleming Pardo and at the end of the video Kihn himself 228 At the DEF CON hacker conference in Las Vegas a variant called Hacker Jeopardy has been organized 229 In 2004 it was won by Kevin Mitnick 230 Merchandise Edit Main article Merchandise based on Jeopardy Over the years the Jeopardy brand has been licensed for various products From 1964 through 1976 with one release in 1982 Milton Bradley issued annual board games based on the original Fleming version The Trebek version has been adapted into board games released by Pressman Toy Corporation Tyco Toys and Parker Brothers 231 In addition Jeopardy has been adapted into a number of video games released on various consoles and handhelds spanning multiple hardware generations starting with a Nintendo Entertainment System game released in 1987 232 The show has also been adapted for personal computers starting in 1987 with Apple II Commodore 64 and DOS versions 233 Facebook 234 Twitter Android and the Roku Channel Store 235 A DVD titled Jeopardy An Inside Look at America s Favorite Quiz Show released by Sony Pictures Home Entertainment on November 8 2005 features five curated episodes of the Trebek version the 1984 premiere Jennings final game and the three game finals of the Ultimate Tournament of Champions 236 and three featurettes discussing the show s history and question selection process 237 Other products featuring the Jeopardy brand include a collectible watch a series of daily desktop calendars and various slot machine games for casinos and the Internet Internet Edit Jeopardy s official website active as early as 1998 238 receives over 400 000 monthly visitors 239 The website features videos photographs and other information related to each week s contestants as well as mini sites promoting remote tapings and special tournaments The Jeopardy website is regularly updated to align with producers priorities for the show 240 In its 2012 Readers Choice Awards About com praised the official Jeopardy website for featuring everything visitors need to know about the show as well as some fun interactive elements and for having a humorous error page 241 In November 2009 Jeopardy launched a viewer loyalty program called the Jeopardy Premier Club which allowed home viewers to identify Final Jeopardy categories from episodes for a chance to earn points and play a weekly Jeopardy game featuring categories and clues from the previous week s episodes Every three months contestants were selected randomly to advance to one of three quarterly online tournaments after these tournaments were played the three highest scoring contestants would play one final online tournament for the chance to win 5 000 and a trip to Los Angeles to attend a taping of Jeopardy 242 The Premier Club was discontinued by July 2011 243 See also EditList of notable Jeopardy contestants Strategies and skills of Jeopardy championsNotes Edit a b As Sony Pictures Television Studios since 2020References EditCitations Tony Maglio Tim Baysinger August 20 2021 Jeopardy Will Air New Episodes Already Shot With Short Lived Host Mike Richards TheWrap Retrieved August 20 2021 a b Jeopardy James Holzhauer reaches new winnings milestone ABC 7 Chicago May 24 2019 Archived from the original on May 25 2019 Retrieved May 25 2019 a b Ken Jennings to host first Jeopardy episodes airing in January WUSA TV November 23 2020 Retrieved November 23 2020 Grynbaum Michael Sperling Nicole Jacobs Julia August 20 2021 Abrupt Exit of New Jeopardy Host Mike Richards Rattles a TV Institution The New York Times Archived from the original on December 28 2021 Retrieved August 22 2021 a b c d e f g h i Newcomb 2004 pp 1222 1224 a b c Harris 2006 p 13 Show No 3966 Harold Skinner vs Geoffrey Zimmermann vs Kristin Lawhead Jeopardy November 26 2001 Syndicated Elber Lynn August 13 2021 Jeopardy champ Matt Amodio s analytic style is a winner Associated Press Retrieved August 13 2021 a b c d e Jeopardy DVD Home Game System Instruction Booklet MGA Entertainment 2007 Davies Michael Foss Sarah What is the Tournament of Champions Inside Jeopardy Sony Pictures Television Retrieved August 23 2022 Trebek amp Barsocchini 1990 pp 2 3 a b 5 Rules Every Jeopardy Contestant Should Know Jeopardy Official Site Sony Pictures Digital and Jeopardy Productions October 7 2016 Archived from the original on October 12 2016 Retrieved October 12 2016 Marchese David November 12 2018 In Conversation Alex Trebek Vulture com Archived from the original on November 13 2018 Retrieved November 13 2018 What bothers me is when contestants jump all over the board even after the Daily Doubles have been dealt with Why are they doing that They re doing themselves a disservice When the show s writers construct categories they do it so that there s a flow in terms of difficulty and if you jump to the bottom of the category you may get a clue that would be easier to understand if you d begun at the top of the category and saw how the clues worked Stump Scott April 18 2019 A Las Vegas pro gambler is rewriting the Jeopardy record book here s how Today Archived from the original on April 20 2019 Retrieved April 20 2019 a b Trebek amp Barsocchini 1990 pp 59 60 Richmond 2004 p 41 a b Don Kaplan October 22 1999 No Question He s a Champ Blind Quiz Show Whiz Buzzes His Way to Cool 70G New York Post Retrieved June 18 2022 To accommodate Timanus the show eliminated video Daily Doubles and other clues that were completely video based The show also provided Timanus with a Braille card that listed the categories for each round and a computer keyboard so that he could enter his wagers and responses in Final Jeopardy a b From the Vault 4 Weeks of Jeopardy Milestones Jeopardy official website July 16 2020 Retrieved June 18 2022 Only minor adjustments were made to accommodate Eddie He was given the category names printed in Braille on a card at the start of each round and a keyboard to enter his Final Jeopardy response This was truly an historic event Trebek amp Barsocchini 1990 p 64 Fabe 1979 Breaking Down Four Rare Jeopardy Scenarios Jeopardy official website 6 Sony Pictures Entertainment Inc February 16 2016 Archived from the original on October 7 2016 Retrieved October 10 2016 In the event all three contestants have 0 zero or minus amounts at the end of Double Jeopardy no Final Jeopardy round was played Jeopardy players aren t allowed to make wagers referencing sex Nazis or Satan Archived from the original on May 1 2019 Retrieved May 1 2019 Dutta 1999 p xxix a b Gilbert George T Hatcher Rhonda L October 1 1994 Wagering in Final Jeopardy Mathematics Magazine 67 4 268 doi 10 2307 2690846 JSTOR 2690846 Williams Keith September 1 2015 Keith Williams on Wagering Jeopardy official website Sony Pictures Entertainment Inc Archived from the original on June 25 2017 Retrieved July 16 2017 Show No 4089 Ronnie O Rourke vs Ben Tritle vs Allison Owens Jeopardy May 16 2002 Syndicated Jennings 2006 p 122 Trebek amp Barsocchini 1990 p 57 Mogel 2004 p 148 Jeopardy Premieres Milestone 20th Anniversary Season September 8 2003 America s Favorite Quiz Show Launches Season 20 With Many Exciting and Historic Firsts Press release King World September 4 2003 Archived from the original on September 28 2007 Retrieved November 29 2006 a b Jeopardy contestants tie forcing rare sudden death clue WGN TV March 2 2018 Archived from the original on March 2 2018 Retrieved March 2 2018 Breaking Down Four Rare Jeopardy Scenarios Jeopardy Official Site Sony Pictures Digital and Jeopardy Productions February 16 2016 Archived from the original on March 1 2016 Retrieved February 16 2016 Higgins Chris January 31 2014 6 Elements of Arthur Chu s Jeopardy Strategy Mental Floss Archived from the original on June 14 2016 Retrieved June 9 2016 Kim Susanna February 3 2014 Hero Villain Jeopardy Contestant Returns to Game Show Feb 24 ABC News Archived from the original on May 14 2016 Retrieved June 9 2016 Jeopardy History is Made with First Ever Three Way Tie Jeopardy Official Site Sony Pictures Digital and Jeopardy Productions March 18 2007 Archived from the original on May 9 2008 Retrieved February 1 2012 Jeopardy First a Tiebreaker jeopardy com March 1 2018 Archived from the original on March 2 2018 Retrieved March 2 2018 Show No 2 Greg Hopkins vs Lynne Crawford vs Paul Schaffer Jeopardy September 11 1984 Syndicated Show No 3190 Steve Sosnick vs Robert Levy vs Marion Arkin Jeopardy June 12 1998 Syndicated Show No 7216 Mike Drummond vs Claudia Corriere vs Randi Kristensen Jeopardy January 18 2016 Syndicated Show No 5611 Michele Lee Amundsen vs Lori Karman vs Matt Kohlstedt Jeopardy January 19 2009 Syndicated Show No 5669 Jeff Mangum vs Priscilla Ball vs Rick Robbins Jeopardy April 9 2009 Syndicated Show No 7196 Shoshana Gordon Ginsburg vs Jay O Brien vs Liz Quesnelle Jeopardy December 21 2015 Syndicated a b Eisenberg 1993 p 75 Trebek amp Barsocchini 1990 p 174 a b Teen Tournament Semi final Game 2 Tori Amos vs Joe Vertnik vs Kelton Ellis Jeopardy February 7 2013 Syndicated Lowry Cynthia March 29 1963 Merv Griffin Question and Answer Man Independent Star News Associated Press Lidz Franz May 1 1989 What Is Jeopardy Sports Illustrated Archived from the original on April 23 2016 Retrieved October 10 2016 a b Trebek amp Barsocchini 1990 p 2 Trebek amp Barsocchini 1990 p 4 Griffin amp Bender 2003 p 71 Abelman 1998 p 270 a b Harris 2006 p 14 Jeopardy Hilariously Asks for Help with Wheel of Fortune Themed Categories for June 2 Episode Outsider com June 2 2021 Retrieved August 7 2021 Alex Trebek says there s a 50 50 chance he ll retire from Jeopardy Newsday AP July 31 2018 Archived from the original on August 1 2018 Alex Trebek Will Host Jeopardy through 2022 People Archived from the original on December 6 2018 Retrieved December 5 2018 I m going to fight this Jeopardy host Alex Trebek announces Stage 4 cancer Associated Press March 6 2019 Archived from the original on March 7 2019 Retrieved March 7 2019 Jeopardy host Alex Trebek says he has Stage 4 pancreatic cancer Global News March 6 2019 Archived from the original on March 7 2019 Retrieved March 7 2019 Jeopardy host Alex Trebek dead at 80 WVNS TV November 8 2020 Retrieved November 8 2020 Alexandra Del Rosario November 9 2020 Jeopardy Executive Producer Mike Richards Pays Tribute To Alex Trebek With Speech amp Moment Of Silence Before Monday s Episode Update Deadline Hollywood Retrieved August 5 2021 Mackie Johnni November 10 2020 Jeopardy Honors Alex Trebek With Special Message After the Longtime Host s Death usmagazine com Retrieved November 12 2020 Sippell Margeaux December 17 2020 Jeopardy Celebrates Alex Trebek 2 Weeks of Around the World Episodes Start Monday TheWrap Retrieved December 19 2020 Jeopardy Returns to Studio November 30 with Interim Host Jeopardy com Sony Pictures Television Studios Retrieved November 23 2020 Alexandra Del Rosario January 13 2021 Jeopardy Mayim Bialik amp Bill Whitaker Join Aaron Rodgers Katie Couric To Guest Host Trivia Game Deadline Hollywood Retrieved January 13 2021 Ellise Shafer February 2 2021 Dr Oz Anderson Cooper Savannah Guthrie and Dr Sanjay Gupta to Guest Host Jeopardy Variety Retrieved February 15 2021 Alexandra Del Rosario April 21 2021 Jeopardy Robin Roberts LeVar Burton amp George Stephanopoulos Among Season 37 s Final Guest Hosts Deadline Hollywood Retrieved April 21 2021 Alexandra Del Rosario April 14 2021 Jeopardy Taps Buzzy Cohen As Host For 2021 Tournament Of Champions Deadline Hollywood Retrieved April 15 2021 Nellie Andreeva August 11 2021 Jeopardy Mike Richards To Host Syndicated Show Mayim Bialik To Host Primetime amp Spinoff Series Deadline Hollywood Retrieved August 11 2021 Sony Pictures Television Names Mayim Bialik and Mike Richards as Jeopardy Hosts Press release Sony Pictures Television August 11 2021 Retrieved August 11 2021 via The Futon Critic Brian Stelter August 20 2021 Mike Richards has stepped down as the host of Jeopardy CNN Retrieved August 20 2021 James Hibberd August 20 2021 Mike Richards Out as Jeopardy Host After Podcast Comments The Hollywood Reporter Retrieved August 20 2021 a b Nellie Andreeva December 8 2021 Jeopardy Mayim Bialik amp Ken Jennings To Continue As Hosts Of Syndicated Game Show Through End Of Season Deadline Hollywood Retrieved December 8 2021 Nellie Andreeva July 27 2022 Jeopardy Mayim Bialik amp Ken Jennings Close Deals To Return Season 39 Hosting Schedule Revealed Deadline Hollywood Retrieved July 27 2022 Brian Steinberg July 27 2022 Mayim Bialik Ken Jennings to Host Expanded Jeopardy Franchise Variety Retrieved July 27 2022 Ausiello Michael January 11 2023 Jeopardy Masters Spinoff Picked Up at ABC Which Champs Made the Cut TVLine Retrieved January 11 2023 Terrace 1985 p 214 On Alex Trebek s Final Jeopardy a Last Introduction From a Friend The New York Times January 7 2021 Retrieved January 8 2021 a b Jeopardy Names Clue Crew Members Team of Roving Correspondents Debuts September 24 Press release King World September 24 2001 Archived from the original on August 4 2002 Retrieved March 28 2007 a b Petrozzello Donna June 4 2001 Trebeks in Training Jeopardy Auditions Roving Reps Daily News New York Show 4826 David Madden vs Catie Camille vs Willy Jay Jeopardy September 12 2005 Syndicated Show 5540 Hannah Lynch vs Luciano D Orazio vs Jim Davis Jeopardy October 10 2008 Syndicated Show 5735 Kathleen O Day vs Peter Wiscombe vs Alyssa McRae Jeopardy July 10 2009 Syndicated a b Ryan Nagelhout August 9 2022 The New Jeopardy Season Will Have One Major Missing Feature Uproxx Retrieved August 10 2022 Jeopardy Cast and Crew Bios Jeopardy Official Site Sony Archived from the original on May 17 2015 Retrieved May 18 2015 Podplesky Azaria Nine Mile Falls Staci Huffman to appear on Jeopardy on Friday Spokane WA Spokesman Review Spokesman Review Retrieved January 10 2020 Meet the Jeopardy Clue Crew Sony Pictures Digital and Jeopardy Productions Archived from the original on September 29 2018 Retrieved September 28 2018 a b c d e f Credits from various Jeopardy episodes a b c Richmond 2004 p 239 This is JEOPARDY Show Guide Bios Harry Friedman Sony Pictures Digital and Jeopardy Productions Archived from the original on September 29 2018 Retrieved September 28 2018 Clay Jacobsen named director of JEOPARDY PDF Sony Pictures Television June 26 2018 Archived from the original PDF on August 25 2018 Retrieved August 22 2018 a b c This is JEOPARDY Show Guide About the Show Show History Sony Pictures Digital and Jeopardy Productions Archived from the original on June 16 2013 Retrieved December 20 2012 a b Production Credits Jeopardy Official Site Archived from the original on May 22 2011 Retrieved December 20 2012 Carson Emily March 12 2020 Jeopardy host Alex Trebek did another football category and it went slightly better this time www sportingnews com Retrieved August 16 2021 a href Template Cite web html title Template Cite web cite web a CS1 maint url status link Schwartz Ryan amp Wostbrock 1999 Barnes Mike July 19 2011 Ed Flesh Designer of the Wheel on Wheel of Fortune Dies at 79 The Hollywood Reporter Archived from the original on July 23 2011 Retrieved August 12 2011 Paige Albiniak August 1 2019 Harry Friedman EP of Wheel of Fortune and Jeopardy to Step Down in 2020 Broadcasting amp Cable Retrieved August 8 2021 Denise Petski August 29 2019 Mike Richards To Executive Produce Jeopardy amp Wheel Of Fortune When Harry Friedman Exits Next Year Deadline Hollywood Retrieved October 31 2019 Michael Schneider August 31 2021 Mike Richards Fired as Executive Producer of Jeopardy and Wheel of Fortune Variety Retrieved August 31 2021 Lesley Goldberg April 14 2022 Jeopardy Taps Michael Davies as Permanent Showrunner The Hollywood Reporter Retrieved April 14 2022 Gilbert Tom August 19 2007 Wheel of Fortune Jeopardy Merv Griffin s True TV Legacy TelevisionWeek Archived from the original on July 25 2007 Company Overview of Jeopardy Productions Inc Bloomberg Businessweek Archived from the original on March 6 2016 Retrieved January 27 2016 Pat Vanna and Alex Play On Sony Pictures Television Archived from the original on November 7 2017 Retrieved July 24 2017 NBC daily broadcast log Master Books microfilm Library of Congress Motion Picture and Television Reading Room a b c d Schwartz Ryan amp Wostbrock 1999 pp 112 115 Iervolino Stephen September 13 2021 Jeopardy stage dedicated to Alex Trebek Good Morning America Retrieved September 13 2021 Owen Rob November 15 2018 TV Q amp A Chicago Fire Hallmark Channel Christmas movies Jeopardy Pittsburgh Post Gazette Archived from the original on November 15 2018 Retrieved November 15 2018 a b Richmond 2004 p 100 a b c Jeopardy and Wheel of Fortune go hi def Sony Pictures Television September 7 2006 Archived from the original on October 19 2006 Retrieved August 20 2021 a b This is Jeopardy Show Guide Virtual Set Tour Archived from the original on January 8 2010 Retrieved January 11 2010 a b c Richmond 2004 p 150 Richmond 2004 p 210 2003 Jeopardy set official web page Archived from the original on February 13 2008 Wong Tony July 19 2013 Alex Trebek Talks 30 Seasons of Jeopardy Toronto Star Archived from the original on July 25 2013 Retrieved July 21 2013 Jeopardy Season 37 Premieres with All New Episodes Monday September 14 PDF jeopardy com Sony Archived PDF from the original on September 27 2020 Retrieved September 7 2020 Jeopardy Jeopardy July 11 2022 Welcome back to the Alex Trebek Stage For the first time in two years tickets for our studio audience are now available Tweet Retrieved September 22 2022 via Twitter Classic Game Shows Jeopardy Original Series tv party com Archived from the original on August 14 2013 Retrieved July 1 2013 Barnes Lindsay August 16 2007 NEWS Genesis of Jeopardy Who is Julann Griffin Readthehook com Merv Griffin soundtrack ringostrack com Archived from the original on September 22 2013 Retrieved June 20 2013 Bickelhaupt Susan September 5 1989 Placing himself in Jeopardy tonight Boston Globe p 54 Trebek amp Barsocchini 1990 p 10 Harris 2006 p 17 Seelye Katharine Q November 8 2020 Alex Trebek Longtime Host of Jeopardy Dies at 80 The New York Times Retrieved November 9 2020 Richard Natale August 12 2007 Hollywood legend Merv Griffin dies Media mogul known for game shows talk show Variety Archived from the original on December 25 2014 Retrieved July 16 2014 For Merv Griffin 14 Seconds Can Last a Lifetime bmi com June 17 2003 Archived from the original on October 7 2011 Retrieved October 18 2010 Game Show Awards TV production GSN 2009 Morin Monte December 17 2003 Pilot Killed in Crash Was TV Film Composer Steve Kaplan who died when his plane crashed into a Claremont home had written music for Jeopardy and Wheel of Fortune Los Angeles Times Archived from the original on July 26 2014 Retrieved May 24 2013 Jeopardy Chris Bell Music and Sound Design Archived from the original on July 8 2011 Retrieved January 4 2012 Jeopardy Season 38 Episode 2 September 14 2021 Fleming 1979 pp 14 15 Younger Shannan August 17 2018 I Was on Jeopardy Here s What Actually Happens Behind the Scenes Better Retrieved April 21 2021 a b Richmond 2004 p 170 Jeopardy FAQs jeopardy com Archived from the original on January 25 2019 Retrieved January 24 2019 Jennings Ken April 9 2019 The Jeopardy Minor Leagues Slate Archived from the original on April 9 2019 Retrieved April 9 2019 Fabe 1979 p 95 Griffin amp Bender 2003 p 8 Griffin amp Bender 2003 p 100 a b c Brooks amp Marsh 2009 p 696 Jeopardy with Art Fleming Introduction of Super Jeopardy Board Paley Center for Media a b Hosted By Game Show Great Charles Nelson Reilly Y2PLAY To Air on GSN From 4 00 pm Through Midnight on Dec 31 1999 Business Wire November 22 1999 Richmond 2004 pp 12 15 33 Griffin amp Bender 2003 p 106 Jennings 2006 pp 215 220 White Peter January 11 2023 Wheel Of Fortune amp Jeopardy Renewed For 5 Years With Big Increase At ABC Stations Deadline Retrieved January 11 2023 a b c Harris 2006 p 16 a b CBS Press Express Jeopardy CBS Television Distribution Archived from the original on June 11 2012 Retrieved January 15 2013 Austen 2005 p 210 Schwartz David Ryan Steve Wostbrock Fred 1997 The Encyclopedia of TV Game Shows 3 ed Facts on File Inc p 115 ISBN 0 8160 3846 5 Sony Making a Sports Version of Jeopardy Associated Press April 30 2014 Archived from the original on May 2 2014 Retrieved June 11 2014 New episodes of Jeopardy will return this month Sony Pictures announces pennlive May 12 2020 Ivie Devon May 12 2020 Praise You Trebek Jeopardy Is Returning With New Episodes on May 18 Vulture Vaughn Kelly July 20 2020 Jeopardy Will Re Air Its Most Iconic Episodes Including a Very Special Appearance by Martha Stewart Yahoo Retrieved July 21 2020 Nemetz Dave July 29 2020 Jeopardy Wheel of Fortune to Resume Production With New Precautions TVLine Retrieved August 14 2020 White Peter July 28 2020 Wheel Of Fortune amp Jeopardy Head Back To The Studio With Redesigned Wheel amp Podium Morona Joey November 23 2020 Jeopardy returning to production with Ken Jennings as guest host cleveland com Retrieved August 16 2021 a href Template Cite web html title Template Cite web cite web a CS1 maint url status link Trolio Jen November 8 2020 Alex Trebek s last episode of Jeopardy will air on Christmas Day Vox Alex Trebek s Final Jeopardy Episode to Air on Christmas Day Us Weekly November 9 2020 Eisenberg 1993 p 240 a b c UCLA Library Catalog Jeopardy UCLA Film and Television Archive Archived from the original on November 16 2018 Retrieved January 31 2014 a b c Jeopardy at the Paley Center for Media July 2008 Archived from the original on November 3 2014 Retrieved January 7 2013 Watch the Unaired Pilot of Jeopardy from 1964 Meet the First Ever Jeopardy Champion and Listen to the Audio from the Premiere in 1964 Josef Adalian August 1 2022 You ll Soon Be Able to Get a 24 7 Stream of Jeopardy and Wheel of Fortune Vulture Retrieved August 6 2022 Kelli Boyle August 1 2022 Pluto TV Launches Jeopardy amp Wheel of Fortune Channels With Classic Episodes TV Insider Retrieved August 6 2022 Taking A Peek Computer Gaming World May 1994 pp 174 180 Archived from the original on July 3 2014 Retrieved November 11 2017 Awards Jeopardy Retrieved August 29 2020 The National Academy of Television Arts amp Sciences Announces the 38th Annual Daytime Emmy Award for Lifetime Achievement to Be Presented to Pat Sajak and Alex Trebek Sony Pictures Entertainment June 26 2011 Archived from the original on March 26 2011 Retrieved April 9 2011 Complete List of Recipients of the 71st Annual Peabody Awards The Peabody Awards An International Competition for Electronic Media honoring achievement in Television Radio Cable and the Web administered by the University of Georgia s Grady College of Journalism and Mass Communication April 4 2012 Archived from the original on April 5 2012 Retrieved April 27 2012 TV GuideApril 17 23 1993 1993 p 84 none TV Guide February 2 2001 Fretts Bruce Roush Matt December 23 2013 TV Guide Magazine s 60 Best Series of All Time TV Guide Fretts Bruce June 17 2013 Eyes on the Prize TV Guide pp 14 and 15 The 50 Greatest Game Shows of All Time TV production GSN August 31 2006 Jeopardy Unveils New Hall of Fame Featuring Its Most Historic TV Moments Sony Pictures Television Archived from the original on October 20 2012 Retrieved October 8 2012 What is Jeopardy Archived August 27 2017 at the Wayback Machine 05 01 89 Sports Illustrated Perception with Don Johnson Archived September 8 2019 at the Wayback Machine interview with Art Fleming 1987 Trebek amp Barsocchini 1990 p 188 Show 4320 Brian Weikle vs Eric Floyd vs Mark Dawson Jeopardy May 16 2003 Syndicated Jeopardy to Mark 6 000th Episode Milestone During Season 27 TheFutonCritic com September 10 2010 Retrieved February 21 2011 Richmond 2004 p 110 Jeopardy Hosts Its First Ever Back to School Week for Kids Columbia TriStar Interactive September 6 1999 Archived from the original on December 21 2007 Retrieved January 7 2008 Richmond 2004 p 120 Richmond 2004 p 200 Jeopardy Seeking Tournament of Champions Alumni TVLatest com May 20 2013 Archived from the original on September 22 2013 Retrieved May 26 2013 People and places Let s try 80s champions for 1M Alex Fairfax Times January 31 2014 Archived from the original on January 31 2014 Retrieved January 31 2014 Levin Gary Exclusive Three top Jeopardy champs face off in ABC s Greatest of All Time tournament USA Today Retrieved November 19 2019 Curtis Charles January 14 2020 Here are the results from Day 4 of Jeopardy Greatest of All Time USA Today Archived from the original on January 15 2020 Retrieved January 15 2020 Jeopardy Episode Guide 2008 Kids Week Reunion Day 1 TV Guide Archived from the original on September 22 2013 Retrieved July 8 2013 Actor Michael McKean Wins Jeopardy Million Dollar Celebrity Invitational and Gives 1 Million Grand Prize to Charity International Myeloma Foundation Receives Largest Single Donation Ever Sony Pictures Digital and Jeopardy Productions May 7 2010 Archived from the original on November 15 2010 Retrieved July 9 2013 Smartest Machine on Earth Episode 1 DocumentaryStorm Archived from the original on February 17 2011 Retrieved February 1 2012 IBM s Watson Computing System to Challenge All Time Greatest Jeopardy Champions December 14 2010 Archived from the original on December 17 2010 Retrieved December 15 2010 World Community Grid to benefit from Jeopardy competition World Community Grid February 4 2011 Archived from the original on January 14 2012 Retrieved February 19 2011 Griggs Brandon February 15 2011 So far it s elementary for Watson CNN Archived from the original on November 9 2012 Retrieved February 15 2011 Albiniak Paige February 17 2011 IBM s Watson Jeopardy Champ Ratings Winner Three days of Watson based episodes drives Jeopardy to six year highs Broadcasting amp Cable Archived from the original on June 1 2014 Retrieved February 21 2011 Westcott Jay March 1 2019 Had he said Pulp Fiction a Greensboro man and his All Star team would still be on Jeopardy News and Record Retrieved March 2 2019 Jeopardy Streak Over Ken Jennings Loses in 75th Game Takes Home a Record Setting 2 520 700 Press release King World November 30 2004 Archived from the original on September 28 2007 Retrieved March 7 2007 Swift Andy March 19 2019 Jeopardy Crowns a Winning Team in the First Ever All Star Games TVLine Archived from the original on April 17 2019 Retrieved April 22 2019 Jeopardy Battle of the Decades Tournament winner Brad Rutter wins 1 million grand prize Zap2it Archived from the original on February 4 2016 Retrieved January 27 2016 Stauffer Cindy May 1 2002 Manheim Twp man back in Jeopardy in Million Dollar Masters Tournament Lancaster New Era A He beat the best Q Who is Brad Rutter Pittsburgh Post Gazette May 27 2005 JAMES HOLZHAUER BEATS ROGER CRAIG S 1 DAY RECORD jeopardy com 2Sony Pictures Entertainment Inc Retrieved February 25 2020 Jeopardy Season 35 Episode 7967 April 9 2019 Syndicated Jeopardy Season 35 Episode 7973 April 17 2019 Syndicated a b c d Hall of Fame jeopardy com Retrieved May 7 2022 Jeopardy Season 35 Episode 7991 May 27 2019 Syndication a b Jacobs Julia June 3 2019 James Holzhauer s Jeopardy Streak Ends Just Shy of a Record The New York Times Archived from the original on June 4 2019 Retrieved June 4 2019 32 games and 2 4M later James Holzhauer s Jeopardy winning streak comes to an end KUTV June 3 2019 Archived from the original 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Mattea Roach s Bid For 24th Consecutive Win Comes Down To 1 Deadline Hollywood Retrieved May 7 2022 Million Dollar Celebrity Invitational Game 1 Andy Richter vs Dana Delany vs Wolf Blitzer Jeopardy September 17 2009 Syndicated Show No 1932 Nancy Melucci vs Darryl Scott vs Kate Marciniak Jeopardy January 19 1993 Syndicated a b Jeopardy Archive 1 Winners Jeopardy com Sony Pictures Entertainment Inc October 17 2017 Archived from the original on October 18 2017 Retrieved October 17 2017 Show No 2928 Joey Gordon Levitt vs Kirsten Dunst vs Benjamin Salisbury Jeopardy April 30 1997 Syndicated Show No 3790 Seth Green vs Brandi Chastain vs Steven Page Jeopardy February 9 2001 Syndicated Questions and Answers The Golden Girls February 1992 NBC Mama on Jeopardy Mama s Family Season 4 Episode 23 February 3 1988 Syndication Bjorklund 1997 p 231 MacFarlane Seth 2005 Family Guy season 4 DVD commentary for the episode I Take Thee Quagmire DVD 20th Century Fox Miracle on Evergreen Terrace BBC September 2005 Archived from the original on December 20 2006 Retrieved May 1 2009 Collura Scott Pirrello Phil February 28 2008 Top 15 Will Ferrell Characters IGN Archived from the original on October 14 2008 Respers France Lisa April 9 2018 Black Jeopardy and other shows we wish were real CNN Archived from the original on April 9 2018 Retrieved April 9 2018 Jennings 2006 pp 16 17 Boswell 2003 p 70 Reprinting of Little Expressionless Animals in Girl with Curious Hair pp 3 42 published by W W Norton amp Company 1996 ISBN 978 0 393 31396 3 Weird Al Yankovic The Ultimate Video Collection GuyGordon com Archived from the original on September 22 2013 Retrieved June 7 2013 Hautala Laura Hacker Jeopardy When manhood is the question at Defcon CNET Retrieved July 4 2022 Schell Bernadette H 2006 Webster s new world hacker dictionary Clemens Martin Indianapolis IN Wiley Pub ISBN 0 470 04752 6 OCLC 67840235 Jeopardy board games Board Game Geek Archived from the original on May 20 2012 Retrieved June 11 2013 The Best Educational Video Games of All Time Certification Map July 28 2009 Archived from the original on April 30 2013 Retrieved May 21 2013 Jeopardy 1987 PC IGN IGN Archived from the original on September 21 2016 Retrieved September 8 2016 Jeopardy Facebook Game Now Available from GSN Digital and Sony Pictures Consumer Products Inc The Futon Critic April 25 2011 This is JEOPARDY Games amp Mobile Sony Pictures Digital and Jeopardy Productions Archived from the original on March 20 2013 Retrieved March 19 2013 Synopsis of Jeopardy An Inside Look at America s Favorite Quiz Show Sony Pictures Home Entertainment 2005 Archived from the original on October 17 2007 Retrieved December 10 2006 Special Features Listing for Jeopardy An Inside Look at America s Favorite Quiz Show Sony Pictures Home Entertainment 2005 Archived from the original on October 17 2007 Retrieved December 10 2006 Earliest known archive of Jeopardy com Archived from the original on May 14 1998 Retrieved January 28 2014 Young 2013 p xvi Jeopardy Sony Pictures Interactive Archived from the original on January 8 2014 Retrieved January 28 2014 Grosvenor Carrie 2012 Readers Choice Awards Game Show Winners About com Archived from the original on February 2 2014 Retrieved January 28 2014 Grosvenor Carrie November 1 2009 The New Jeopardy Premier Club About com Archived from the original on February 2 2014 Retrieved January 28 2014 Jeopardy Sony Rewards Sony Corporation of America Archived from the original on July 16 2011 Retrieved January 28 2014 Bibliography Abelman Robert 1998 Reaching a Critical Mass A Critical Analysis of Television Entertainment L Erlbaum Associates ISBN 978 0 8058 2199 4 Austen Jake 2005 TV A Go Go Rock on TV fromAmerican BandstandtoAmerican Idol Chicago Review Press ISBN 978 1 56976 241 7 Bjorklund Dennis A 1997 Toasting Cheers An Episode Guide to the 1982 1993 Comedy Series with Cast Biographies and Character Profiles Praetorian Publishing ISBN 978 0 89950 962 4 Boswell Marshall 2003 Understanding David Foster Wallace University of South Carolina Press ISBN 978 1 57003 517 3 Brooks Tim Marsh Earle 2009 The Complete Directory to Prime Time Network and Cable TV Shows 1946 present Random House ISBN 978 0 307 48320 1 Dutta Prajit K 1999 Strategies and Games Theory and Practice MIT Press ISBN 978 0 262 04169 0 Eisenberg Harry 1993 Inside Jeopardy What Really Goes On at TV s Top Quiz Show first ed Salt Lake City Utah Northwest Publishing ISBN 978 1 56901 177 5 Fabe Maxene 1979 TV Game Shows Garden City New York Doubleday ISBN 978 0 385 13052 3 Fleming Art 1979 Art Fleming s TV Game Show Fact Book Salt Lake City Utah Osmond Publishing Company ISBN 978 0 89888 005 2 Griffin Merv Bender David 2003 Merv Making the Good Life Last Simon amp Schuster ISBN 978 0 7434 5696 8 Harris Bob 2006 Prisoner of Trebekistan A Decade in Jeopardy Random House Digital ISBN 978 0 307 33956 0 Jennings Ken 2006 Brainiac Adventures in the Curious Competitive Compulsive World of Trivia Buffs Random House Digital ISBN 978 1 4000 6445 8 Mogel Leonard 2004 This Business of Broadcasting A Practical Guide to Jobs amp Job Opportunities in the Broadcasting Industry Leonard Mogel ISBN 978 0 8230 7730 4 Newcomb Horace 2004 Encyclopedia of Television 2nd ed CRC Press pp 1222 1224 ISBN 978 1 57958 411 5 Richmond Ray 2004 This is Jeopardy Celebrating America s Favorite Quiz Show Barnes amp Noble Books ISBN 978 0 7607 5374 3 Schwartz David Ryan Steve Wostbrock Fred 1999 The Encyclopedia of TV Game hows 3rd ed Checkmark Books ISBN 978 0 8160 3846 6 Terrace Vincent 1985 The Encyclopedia of Television Series Pilots and Specials 1974 1984 VNR AG ISBN 978 0 918432 61 2 Terrace Vincent 2011 Encyclopedia of Television Shows 1925 Through 2010 McFarland amp Company ISBN 978 0 7864 8641 0 Trebek Alex Barsocchini Peter 1990 The Jeopardy Book The Answers the Questions the Facts and the Stories of the Greatest Game Show in History Harper Perennial ISBN 978 0 06 096511 2 Young Shaun P 2013 Jeopardy and Philosophy What is Knowledge in the Form of a Question Popular Culture and philosophy Vol 72 Open Court Publishing ISBN 978 0 8126 9804 6 Further reading McNear Claire 2020 Answers in the Form of Questions A Definitive History and Insider s Guide to Jeopardy New York Twelve ISBN 9781538702321 OCLC 1256030917 External links EditListen to this article 1 hour and 13 minutes source source This audio file was created from a revision of this article dated 28 December 2021 2021 12 28 and does not reflect subsequent edits Audio help More spoken articles Wikiquote has quotations related to Jeopardy Look up Jeopardy in Wiktionary the free dictionary Wikimedia Commons has media related to Jeopardy Official website Jeopardy original series at IMDb Jeopardy 1984 present series at IMDb The All New Jeopardy at IMDb Jeopardy at The Interviews An Oral History of Television J Archive fan maintained Jeopardy archive site Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Jeopardy amp oldid 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