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New York City Landmarks Preservation Commission

March 30, 2023

Coordinates: 40°42′47″N 74°00′13″W / 40.71306°N 74.00361°W / 40.71306; -74.00361

The New York City Landmarks Preservation Commission (LPC) is the New York City agency charged with administering the city's Landmarks Preservation Law. The LPC is responsible for protecting New York City's architecturally, historically, and culturally significant buildings and sites by granting them landmark or historic district status, and regulating them after designation. It is the largest municipal preservation agency in the nation.[1] As of July 1, 2020, the LPC has designated more than 37,000 landmark properties in all five boroughs. Most of these are concentrated in historic districts, although there are over a thousand individual landmarks, as well as numerous interior and scenic landmarks.

The demolition of Pennsylvania Station was a key moment in the preservationist movement, which led to the creation of the LPC.

Mayor Robert F. Wagner Jr. first organized a preservation committee in 1961, and the following year, created the LPC. The LPC's power was greatly strengthened after the Landmarks Law was passed in April 1965, one and a half years after the destruction of Pennsylvania Station. The LPC has been involved in several prominent preservation decisions, including that of Grand Central Terminal. By 1990, the LPC was cited by David Dinkins as having preserved New York City's municipal identity and enhanced the market perception of a number of neighborhoods.

The LPC is governed by eleven commissioners. The Landmarks Preservation Law stipulates that a building must be at least thirty years old before the LPC can declare it a landmark.

Role

 
Example of a plaque placed on a Landmark designated building, this example in midtown Manhattan

The goal of New York City's landmarks law is to preserve the aesthetically and historically important buildings, structures, and objects that make up the New York City vista. The Landmarks Preservation Commission is responsible for deciding which properties should be subject to landmark status and enacting regulations to protect the aesthetic and historic nature of these properties. The LPC preserves not only architecturally significant buildings, but the overall historical sense of place of neighborhoods that are designated as historic districts.[2] The LPC is responsible for overseeing a range of designated landmarks in all five boroughs ranging from the Fonthill Castle in the North Bronx, built in 1852 for the actor Edwin Forrest, to the 1670s Conference House in Staten Island, where Benjamin Franklin and John Adams attended a conference aimed at ending the Revolutionary War.

The LPC helps preserve the city's landmark properties by regulating changes to their significant features.[3] The role of the LPC has evolved over time, especially with the changing real estate market in New York City.[4]

Potential landmarks are first nominated to the LPC from citizens, property owners, city government staff, or commissioners or other staff of the LPC. Subsequently, the LPC conducts a survey of properties, visiting sites to determine which structures or properties should be researched further. The selected properties will then be discussed at public hearings where support or opposition to a proposed landmark designation are recorded.[5] According to the Landmarks Preservation Law, a building must be at least thirty years old before the LPC can declare it a landmark.[6][7] Approval of a landmark designation requires six commissioners to vote in favor. Approved designations are then sent to the New York City Council, which receives reports from other city agencies including the New York City Planning Commission, and decides whether to confirm, modify, or veto the designation.[8] Before 1990, the New York City Board of Estimate held veto power, rather than the City Council.[9] After the City Council's final approval, a landmark designation may be overturned if an appeal is filed within 90 days.[10]

Staff and departments

Commissioners

The Landmarks Preservation Commission consists of 11 commissioners, who are unpaid and serve three-year terms on a part-time basis. By law, the commissioners must include a minimum of six professionals: three architects, a historian, a city planner or landscape architect, and a realtor. In addition, the commissioners must include at least one resident from each of New York City's five boroughs (who may also be a professional). All of the commissioners are unpaid, except for the chairman.[11][5] The commission also employs a full-time, paid workforce of 80, composed of administrators, legal advisors, architects, historians, restoration experts, and researchers. Students sponsored by the federal government, as well as volunteers, also assist the commission.[5]

Departments

The full-time staff, students, and volunteers are divided into six departments.[12][11][13] The research department performs research of structures and sites that have been deemed potential landmarks. The preservation department reviews and approves permit applications to structures and sites that have been deemed landmarks. The enforcement department reviews reports of alleged violations of the Landmarks Law, which includes alterations to a landmark.[13] In 2016, the preservation commission consolidated its archaeological collection of artifacts and launched a reconstructed archaeology department, known as the NYC Archaeological Repository: The Nan A. Rothschild Research Center.[14] Archaeologists work for the center reviewing the impact of proposed subsurface projects, as well as overseeing any archaeological discoveries.[15] The environmental review department uses data from the research and archaeology departments to collect reports for governmental agencies that require environmental review for their projects.[16] Finally, the Historic Preservation Grant Program distributes grants to owners of landmark properties designated by the LPC or on the National Register of Historic Places (NRHP).[17]

Types

As of February 1, 2022, there are more than 37,000 landmark properties in New York City, most of which are located in 150 historic districts in all five boroughs. The total number of protected sites includes 1,435 individual landmarks, 121 interior landmarks, and 11 scenic landmarks.[1] Some of these are also National Historic Landmark (NHL) sites, and many are on the NRHP.[1][18] As of 2007, the vast majority of interior landmarks are also exterior landmarks or are part of a historic district.[19]

  • Individual landmark: The exteriors of objects or structures; the interior is not included unless designated separately. Individual landmarks must be at least 30 years old and contain "a special character or special historical or aesthetic interest or value as part of the development, heritage, or cultural characteristics of the City, state, or nation".[20]
  • Interior landmark: The interiors of structures, which fit the individual landmark criteria and are "customarily open or accessible to the public".[20]
  • Scenic landmark: Sites owned by the city, which fit the individual landmark criteria and are "parks or other landscape features".[20]
  • Historic districts: Regions with buildings that fit the individual landmark criteria and contain "architectural and historical significance". Landmark districts must also be geographically cohesive with a "coherent streetscape" and a "sense of place".[20]

History

Context

 
Before the LPC was founded, buildings such as the Andrew Carnegie Mansion were preserved largely based on individual or group advocacy.

The preservation movement in New York City dates to at least 1831, when the New York Evening Post expressed its opposition to the demolition of a 17th-century house on Pearl Street in Lower Manhattan.[21][22] Before the LPC's creation, buildings and structures were preserved mainly through advocacy, either from individuals or from groups.[23] Numerous residences were saved this way, including the Andrew Carnegie Mansion, Percy R. Pyne House, and Oliver D. Filley House, all of which ultimately became individual landmarks after the LPC's formation.[23] Other structures such as the Van Cortlandt House, Morris–Jumel Mansion, Edgar Allan Poe Cottage, and Dyckman House were preserved as historic house museums during the late 19th and early 20th centuries.[24] Advocates also led efforts to preserve cultural sites such as Carnegie Hall, which in the late 1950s was slated for replacement with an office tower.[25][26] However, early preservation movements often focused on preserving Colonial-style houses, while paying relatively little attention to other architectural styles or building types.[27]

There was generally little support for the preservation movement until World War II.[22] Structures such as the City Hall Post Office and Courthouse, Madison Square Presbyterian Church (1906), and Madison Square Garden (1890) were demolished if they had fallen out of architectural favor.[28] Others, such as St. John's Chapel, were destroyed in spite of support for preservation.[22][29] By the 1950s, there was growing support for preservation of architecturally significant structures. For example, a 1954 study found approximately two hundred structures that could potentially be preserved.[30][31] At the same time, older structures, especially those constructed before World War I, were being perceived as an impediment to development.[32] The demolition of Pennsylvania Station between 1963 and 1966, in spite of widespread outcry,[33][34] is cited as a catalyst for the architectural preservation movement in the United States, particularly in New York City.[35][36]

Creation

The Mayor's Committee for the Preservation of Structures of Historic and Esthetic Importance was formed in mid-1961 by mayor Robert F. Wagner Jr.[11][37] This committee had dissolved by early 1962.[38] Wagner formed the Landmarks Preservation Commission on April 21, 1962, with twelve unsalaried members.[11][39][40] Soon afterward, the LPC began designating buildings as landmarks.[40] That July, Wagner issued an executive order that compelled municipal agencies to notify the LPC of any "proposed public improvements".[41]

The early version of the LPC initially held little power over enforcement,[11][42] and failed to avert Pennsylvania Station's demolition.[43] As a result, in April 1964, LPC member Geoffrey Platt drafted a New York City Landmarks Law.[44] Outcry over the proposed destruction of the Brokaw Mansion on Manhattan's Upper East Side, identified by the LPC as a possible landmark, inspired Wagner to send the legislation to the New York City Council in mid-1964.[7][44][45] The law, introduced in the City Council that October, would significantly increase the LPC's powers.[46] The City Council cited concerns that "the City has been and is undergoing the loss and destruction of its architectural heritage at an alarming rate, especially so in the last 8-10 years".[11][47] Several changes to the Landmarks Law were made by the City Council committee that was reviewing the legislation; for example, the committee removed a clause mandating a 400 ft (120 m) protective zone around proposed landmarks.[44][48] The bill passed the City Council on April 7, 1965,[49] and was signed into law by Wagner on April 20.[5][50]

 
The Astor Library was discussed during the commission's first public hearing in 1965.

The first eleven commissioners to take office under the Landmarks Law were sworn in during June 1965.[51] Platt was the first chairman, serving until 1968.[52] The LPC's first public hearing occurred in September 1965, and the first twenty landmarks were designated the next month.[53] The Wyckoff House in Brooklyn was the first landmark numerically,[11][54] and was designated simultaneously with structures such as the Astor Library,[55] the Brooklyn Navy Yard's Commandant's House, the Bowling Green U.S. Custom House, and six buildings at Sailors' Snug Harbor.[53] The first landmark district, the Brooklyn Heights Historic District, was designated in November 1965.[11] Within its first year, the LPC designated 37 landmarks in addition to the Brooklyn Heights Historic District. The LPC's earliest landmarks were mainly selected based on their architecture, and were largely either government buildings, institutions, or structures whose preservation was unlikely to be controversial.[8] As a result, several prominent buildings were destroyed in the first several years of the LPC's existence, such as the Singer Building and the New York Tribune Building. Other structures, such as the Villard Houses and Squadron A Armory, were saved only partially.[56]

Changes

The LPC was headquartered in the Mutual Reserve Building from 1967 to 1980,[57] and in the Old New York Evening Post Building from 1980 to 1987.[58] The original legislation enabled the LPC to designate landmarks for eighteen months after the law became effective, followed by alternating cycles of three-year hiatuses and six-month "designating periods".[5][44][59] In 1973, mayor John Lindsay signed legislation that allowed the LPC to consider landmarks on a rolling basis. The bill also introduced new scenic and interior landmark designations.[44][60][61] The first scenic landmark was Bryant Park, while the first interior landmark was part of the neighboring New York Public Library Main Branch; both were designated in November 1974.[62]

In its first twenty-five years, the LPC designated 856 individual landmarks, 79 interior landmarks, and 9 scenic landmarks, while declaring 52 neighborhoods with more than 15,000 buildings as historic districts.[63] In 1989, when the LPC and its process was under review following a panel created by mayor Edward Koch in 1985,[64] a decision was made to change the process by which buildings are declared to be landmarks[65] due to some perceived issues with the manner by which the LPC operates[63] as well as the realization that the destruction feared when the LPC was formed was no longer imminent.[64] By 1990, the LPC was cited by David Dinkins as having preserved New York City's municipal identity and enhanced the market perception of a number of neighborhoods. This success is believed to be due, in part, to the general acceptance of the LPC by the city's developers.[2] By 2016, the LPC had designated 1,355 individual landmarks, 117 interior landmarks, 138 historic districts, and 10 scenic landmarks.[11]

Prominent landmarking decisions

One of the most prominent decisions in which the LPC was involved was the preservation of the Grand Central Terminal with the assistance of Jacqueline Kennedy Onassis.[66] In 1978, the United States Supreme Court upheld the law in Penn Central Transportation Co., et al. v. New York City, et al., stopping the Penn Central Railroad from altering the structure and placing a large office tower above it.[67] This success is often cited as significant due to the LPC's origins following the destruction of Pennsylvania Station, referred to by some as architectural vandalism.[63]

In 1989, the LPC designated the Ladies' Mile Historic District.[68] The next year marked the first time in the LPC's history that a proposed landmark, the Guggenheim Museum (one of the youngest declared landmarks), received a unanimous vote by the LPC members.[6] The vast majority of the LPC's actions are not unanimously supported by the LPC members or the community; a number of cases including St. Bartholomew's Episcopal Church, Bryant Park, and Broadway theatres have been challenged.[69] One of the most controversial properties was 2 Columbus Circle, which remained at the center of a discussion over its future for a number of years.[70]

Cultural landmarks, such as Greenwich Village's Stonewall Inn, are recognized as well not for their architecture, but rather for their location in a designated historic district.[71]

In a heatedly discussed decision on August 3, 2010, the LPC unanimously declined to grant landmark status to a building on Park Place in Manhattan, and thus did not block the construction of Cordoba House.[72]

Theater District landmarks

A major dispute arose over the preservation of theaters in the Theater District during the 1980s. The LPC considered protecting close to 50 legitimate theaters as individual city landmarks in 1982, following the destruction of the Helen Hayes and Morosco theaters.[73] An advisory panel under mayor Koch voted to allow the LPC consider theaters not only on their historical significance but also on their architectural merits.[74] In response to objections from some of the major theatrical operators, several dozen scenic and lighting designers offered to work on the LPC for creating guidelines for potential landmarks.[75] Theaters were landmarked in alphabetical order; the first theaters to be designated under the 1982 plan were the Neil Simon, Ambassador, and Virginia (now August Wilson) in August 1985.[76][77][a] The landmark plan was then deferred temporarily until some landmark guidelines were enacted;[78] the guidelines, implemented in December 1985, allowed operators to modify theaters for productions without having to consult the LPC.[79][80]

Landmark designations of theaters increased significantly in 1987,[81] starting with the Palace in mid-1987.[82] Ultimately, 28 additional theaters were designated as landmarks, of which 27 were Broadway theaters. The New York City Board of Estimate ratified these designations in March 1988.[83] Of these, both the interior and exterior of 19 theaters were protected, while only the interiors of seven theaters (including the Lyceum, whose exterior was already protected) and the exteriors of two theaters were approved.[84] Several theater owners argued that the landmark designations impacted them negatively, despite Koch's outreach to theater owners.[85] The Shubert Organization, the Nederlander Organization, and Jujamcyn Theaters collectively sued the LPC in June 1988 to overturn the landmark designations of 22 theaters on the merit that the designations severely limited the extent to which the theaters could be modified.[86] The New York Supreme Court upheld the LPC's designations of these theaters the next year.[87][88] The three theatrical operators challenged the ruling with the U.S. Supreme Court, which refused to hear the lawsuit in 1992, thus upholding the designations.[89]

South Street Seaport and "New Market Building"

See also: Fulton Fish Market

An LPC-designated historic district for the South Street Seaport has been active since 1977 and was extended on July 11, 1989.[90] After the Fulton Fish Market relocated to the Bronx in 2005, community members, with leadership from organizer Robert Lavalva,[91] developed the "New Amsterdam Market", a regular gathering with vendors selling regional and "sustainable" foodstuffs outside the old Fish Market buildings. The group's chartered organization planned eventually to attempt to reconstitute the "New Market Building", a 1939 structure with an Art Deco façade[92] and that was owned by the city, into a permanent food market. However, a real estate company, the Howard Hughes Corporation, possessed a lease for large parts of the Seaport area and desired to redevelop it, generating fears among locals that the New Market Building would be altered or destroyed.[92] The corporation has offered to provide a more modest food market (at 10,000 sq ft (930 m2)) into their development plans, but market organizers have not been satisfied as they believe this proposal is not guaranteed or large enough, and would still not ensure the protection of the historic building.[93]

A group of community activists formed the "Save Our Seaport Coalition" to advocate that the New Market Building be incorporated into the historic district set by the Landmarks Preservation Commission, in addition to calling for the protection of public space in the neighborhood and for support for the seaport's museum. This group included the Historic Districts Council, the "Save Our Seaport" community group, the New Amsterdam Market, and the Metropolitan Waterfront Alliance.[94] The "Save Our Seaport" group specifically argued that New Market Building was culturally important for its maintenance of the historic fish market for 66 years, and that it offers a "fine example of WPA Moderne municipal architecture (an increasingly rare form throughout the nation)."[95] They had encouraged others to write letters to the LPC to support formal designation or district protection.[95] However, in 2013, the LPC declined to hold a hearing to consider this landmark designation or to expand the district.[92] Community Board 1 supports protecting and repurposing the New Market Building,[92] and the Municipal Art Society argued in a report that "[it] has both architectural and cultural significance as the last functioning site of the important commercial and shipping hub at South Street Seaport."[96]

Little Syria and Washington Street

See also: Downtown Community House, 109 Washington Street, and St. George's Syrian Catholic Church

After the September 11 attacks in 2001, New York City tour guide Joseph Svehlak and other local historians became concerned that government-encouraged development in Downtown Manhattan would lead to the disappearance of the last physical heritage of the once "low-rise" Lower West Side of Manhattan.[97] Also known as "Little Syria" in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, the area between Battery Park and the World Trade Center site, east of West Street and west of Broadway,[98] had been a residential area for the shipping elite of New York in the early 19th century, and turned into a substantial neighborhood of ethnic immigration in the mid-19th century. In the late 19th and early 20th centuries, centered on Washington Street, the area became well known as Little Syria, hosting immigrants from today's Lebanon, Syria, and Palestine, as well those of many other ethnic groups including Greeks, Armenians, Irish, Slovaks, and Czechs. Due to eminent domain actions associated with the construction of the Brooklyn–Battery Tunnel and the World Trade Center,[99] in addition to significant highrise construction in the 1920s and 30s, only a small number of low-rise historic buildings from the earlier eras remain.

In 2003, Svehlak wrote a manifesto arguing for the landmark designation of "a trilogy"[100] of three contiguous buildings on Washington Street, the thoroughfare that was most closely associated with "Little Syria." These consisted of the Downtown Community House – which hosted the Bowling Green Association to serve the neighborhood's immigrants – 109 Washington Street (an 1885 tenement), and the terra-cotta St. George's Syrian Catholic Church. After years of advocacy, in January 2009, the LPC held a hearing about the landmark designation of the Melkite church, which did succeed.[101] However, under Chairman Robert Tierney, the LPC had declined to hold hearings on the Downtown Community House or 109 Washington Street.

Community and preservation groups — including the "Friends of the Lower West Side" and the "Save Washington Street" group led by St. Francis College student Carl "Antoun" Houck[102] — have continued, especially, to advocate for a hearing on the Downtown Community House, arguing that its history demonstrates the multi-ethnic heritage of the neighborhood, and that its Colonial Revival architecture intentionally links the immigrants to the foundations of the country,[103] and that preserving the three buildings together would tell a coherent story of an overlooked, but important ethnic neighborhood.[99] In addition to national Arab-American organizations,[104] Manhattan Community Board 1[105] and City Councilperson Margaret Chin[106] have also advocated for the LPC to hold a hearing on the Downtown Community House. According to the Wall Street Journal, however, the LPC argues that "the buildings lack the necessary architectural and historical significance and that better examples of the settlement house movement and tenements exist in other parts of the city."[99] The activists have said they hope that the LPC under the new mayor will be more receptive to preservation in the neighborhood.[105]

Former landmarks

Very rarely, a landmark status granted by the LPC has been revoked. Some have been revoked by vote of the New York City Council or before 1990, the New York City Board of Estimate. Others have been demolished, either through neglect or for development, and revoked by the LPC.[107]

Landmark name Image Date designated Date removed Location Notes
71 Pearl Street May 17, 1966 1968 Manhattan
  • Landmark 0041
  • The building was torn down and its site was later occupied by 85 Broad Street.[108]
135 Bowery June 29, 2011[109] September 16, 2011[110] Manhattan
  • Landmark 2439
  • The building was demolished in 2012.[111]
Austin, Nichols and Company Warehouse   September 20, 2005 November 30, 2005[112] Brooklyn
  • Landmark 2163
  • Landmark status failed a New York City Council vote.
Beth Hamedrash Hagodol   February 28, 1967 Manhattan
  • Landmark 0637
  • The building was destroyed by fire in 2017.[113]
Cathedral of St. John the Divine   June 17, 2003 October 25, 2003[114] Manhattan
  • Landmark 2127
  • Re-designated 2017 as landmark 2585[115]
Coogan (Raquet Court Club) Building October 3, 1989 October 8, 1989 Manhattan
  • Landmark 1709
  • The building was demolished.[116]
Dvorak House, 327 East 17th Street February 1991[117] June 1991 Manhattan
  • Landmark status failed a New York City Council vote.
  • The building was demolished.[118]
First Avenue Estate   April 24, 1990[119] August 16, 1990[9] Manhattan
  • Landmark 1692
  • Re-designated 2006 as landmark 1692A.[120]
Grace Episcopal Memorial Hall   October 26, 2010[121] January 18, 2011[122] Queens
  • Landmark 2394
  • Landmark status failed a New York City Council vote.
Jamaica Savings Bank, 161-02 Jamaica Avenue   May 5, 1992[123] 1992 Queens
  • Landmark 1800
  • Landmark status failed a New York City Council vote.
  • Re-designated 2008 as landmark 2109
Jamaica Savings Bank, 89-01 Queens Boulevard   June 28, 2005[119] October 20, 2005[124] Queens
  • Landmark 2173
  • Landmark status failed a New York City Council vote.
Jerome Mansion   November 21, 1965[108] June 23, 1966[125] Manhattan
Lakeman-Cortelyou-Taylor House December 13, 2016[127] March 2017 Staten Island Landmark 2444
New Brighton Village Hall 1965 December 12, 2006[128] Staten Island
  • Landmark 0028
  • The building was torn down in 2004 due to extreme neglect.[108]
Public School 31 July 15, 1986 December 10, 2019[129] Bronx
  • Landmark 1435
  • The building was demolished in 2014 due to extreme neglect.[130]
Samuel H. & Mary T. Booth House November 28, 2017[131] March 12, 2018[119] Bronx Landmark
Stafford "Osborn" House November 28, 2017[131] March 12, 2018[119] Bronx Landmark
Steinway Historic District November 28, 1974[119] January 23, 1975[132] Queens
Walker Theatre September 11, 1984 January 24, 1985[133] Brooklyn
  • Interior landmark. Landmark 1291
  • The interior spaces were divided into a four-screen cinema, then converted to retail.[134]

See also

References

Explanatory notes

  1. ^ The Neil Simon had been known as the Alvin Theatre; both its interior and exterior were designated. The Ambassador Theatre's interior and exterior were designated, but the exterior status was later overturned. The Virginia/August Wilson was known as the ANTA Theatre; only its exterior was designated.

Citations

  1. ^ a b c "About LPC". New York City Landmarks Preservation Commission; Government of New York City. Retrieved May 28, 2020.
  2. ^ a b Dunlap, David W. (April 29, 1990). "Change on the Horizon for Landmarks". The New York Times. Retrieved March 17, 2008.
  3. ^ "Apply for a Permit". Landmarks Preservation Commission. Retrieved April 23, 2014.
  4. ^ Tarquinio, Alex (October 3, 2007). "New Buildings That Embrace the Old". The New York Times.
  5. ^ a b c d e Stern, Mellins & Fishman 1995, p. 1120.
  6. ^ a b Staff (August 19, 1990). "Guggenheim Museum Is Designated a Landmark". The New York Times. Retrieved March 17, 2008.
  7. ^ a b Wood 2008, p. 352.
  8. ^ a b Stern, Mellins & Fishman 1995, p. 1121.
  9. ^ a b Purdum, Todd S. (August 16, 1990). "On Estimate Board's Agenda, Last Item Is Its Own Demise". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved June 13, 2020.
  10. ^ Dunlap, David W. (November 5, 1987). "5 More Broadway Theaters Classified as Landmarks". The New York Times. Retrieved March 17, 2008.
  11. ^ a b c d e f g h i "New York City Landmarks Preservation Commission". NYPAP. April 19, 1965. Retrieved December 17, 2020.
  12. ^ "About LPC". Landmarks Preservation Commission. City of New York.
  13. ^ a b "Departments". New York City Landmarks Preservation Commission. Retrieved December 17, 2020.
  14. ^ Bindelglass, Evan (October 6, 2016). "Landmarks Preservation Commission Launches NYC Archaeological Repository". New York YIMBY. Retrieved February 12, 2022.
  15. ^ "Archaeology". New York City Landmarks Preservation Commission. Retrieved December 17, 2020.
  16. ^ "Environmental Review". New York City Landmarks Preservation Commission. Retrieved December 17, 2020.
  17. ^ "Historic Preservation Grant Program". New York City Landmarks Preservation Commission. Retrieved December 17, 2020.
  18. ^ "Landmark Designation". New York City Landmarks Preservation Commission; Government of New York City. Retrieved May 28, 2020.
  19. ^ Bernstein, Fred A. (September 2007). "In Memoriam". Interior Design. Vol. 78, no. 11. p. 232. ProQuest 234955108.
  20. ^ a b c d "Landmark Types and Criteria". New York City Landmarks Preservation Commission; Government of New York City. Retrieved December 22, 2019.
  21. ^ Diamonstein-Spielvogel 2011, p. 9.
  22. ^ a b c Stern, Mellins & Fishman 1995, p. 1091.
  23. ^ a b Stern, Mellins & Fishman 1995, p. 1110.
  24. ^ Stern, Mellins & Fishman 1995, p. 1092.
  25. ^ Stern, Mellins & Fishman 1995, pp. 1112–1113.
  26. ^ "How to Deflect a Wrecking Ball with a Violin". WNYC. November 6, 2014. Retrieved December 16, 2020.
  27. ^ Stern, Mellins & Fishman 1995, p. 1093.
  28. ^ Stern, Mellins & Fishman 1995, pp. 1091–1092.
  29. ^ "St. John's Chapel Razed". The New York Times. October 6, 1918. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved December 16, 2020.
  30. ^ Stern, Mellins & Fishman 1995, p. 1094.
  31. ^ "City's Landmarks Subject of Study; Art Societies Find About 200 Pre-world War I Buildings Are Worthy of Preservation". The New York Times. January 24, 1954. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved December 16, 2020.
  32. ^ Stern, Mellins & Fishman 1995, pp. 1094–11109.
  33. ^ Rasmussen, Frederick N. (April 21, 2007). "From the Gilded Age, a monument to transit". The Baltimore Sun. from the original on March 4, 2016. Retrieved July 20, 2013.
  34. ^ Stern, Mellins & Fishman 1995, p. 1115.
  35. ^ Muschamp, Herbert (June 20, 1993). "Architecture View; In This Dream Station Future and Past Collide". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. from the original on September 6, 2018. Retrieved September 6, 2018.
  36. ^ "Laying the Preservation Framework: 1960–1980". Cultural Landscapes (U.S. National Park Service). April 24, 1962. from the original on September 6, 2018. Retrieved September 6, 2018.
  37. ^ "Mayor Appoints 13 To Help Preserve Historic Buildings". The New York Times. July 12, 1961. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved December 17, 2020.
  38. ^ "Whitman Group to Hold Ceremony Honoring Poet". Brooklyn Heights Press. March 8, 1962. p. 8. Retrieved December 17, 2020 – via newspapers.com  .
  39. ^ "12 Will Tag Sites For Preservation". New York Daily News. April 22, 1962. p. 206. Retrieved December 1, 2020 – via newspapers.com  .
  40. ^ a b Wood 2008, p. 326.
  41. ^ Bennett, Charles G. (July 1, 1962). "City Asks to Save Landmarks; Names Scholar to New Agency; Van Derpool of Columbia Is Given Post". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved December 17, 2020.
  42. ^ Wood 2008, p. 333.
  43. ^ Ennis, Thomas W. (November 1, 1963). "2 City Landmarks Feared in Danger; Bank and Oldest House May Go Way of Penn Station Penn Station Loss Regretted Street or Landmark?". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved December 17, 2020.
  44. ^ a b c d e "New York City Landmarks Law". NYPAP. May 7, 1964. Retrieved December 17, 2020.
  45. ^ "Bill Would Save City Landmarks; Commission Would Pass on Alteration Plans". The New York Times. September 23, 1964. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved December 17, 2020.
  46. ^ "City Council Gets Landmarks Bill; Preservation of Historical Places in City Is Aim". The New York Times. October 7, 1964. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved December 16, 2020.
  47. ^ Wood 2008, p. 362.
  48. ^ Ennis, Thomas W. (March 24, 1965). "Landmarks Bill Goes to Council; Protective Zone Is Cut, but Architecture Rules Stay". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved December 17, 2020.
  49. ^ "Bill on Landmarks Approved by Council". The New York Times. April 7, 1965. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved December 17, 2020.
  50. ^ Ennis, Thomas W. (April 20, 1965). "Landmarks Bill Signed by Mayor; Wagner Approves It Despite Protests of Realty Men". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved December 17, 2020.
  51. ^ "Mayor Inducts 11 Members Of Landmark Commission". The New York Times. June 30, 1965. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved December 16, 2020.
  52. ^ Pace, Eric (July 15, 1985). "Geoffrey Platt Is Dead at 79; Led City Preservation Move". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved December 17, 2020.
  53. ^ a b Fowle, Farnsworth (October 18, 1965). "First Official Landmarks of City Designated; 20 Sites Listed -- Each to Get Year's Grace". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved December 17, 2020.
  54. ^ Byles, Jeff (March 19, 2006). "Amid the Facades, Furrowed Brows". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved December 17, 2020.
  55. ^ Gilbert, Frank B. (November 13, 1991). "Papp Proved that Landmarks Law Works (letter to the editor)". The New York Times. Retrieved March 17, 2008.
  56. ^ Stern, Mellins & Fishman 1995, pp. 1121–1129.
  57. ^ Colvin, Jill (December 21, 2011). . DNAinfo. Archived from the original on March 20, 2017. Retrieved March 19, 2017.
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Bibliography

External links

  • Official website
  • Landmarks Preservation Commission in the Rules of the City of New York
  • New York City Landmarks Preservation Commission flickr Group

March 30, 2023
york, city, landmarks, preservation, commission, coordinates, 71306, 00361, 71306, 00361, york, city, agency, charged, with, administering, city, landmarks, preservation, responsible, protecting, york, city, architecturally, historically, culturally, significa. Coordinates 40 42 47 N 74 00 13 W 40 71306 N 74 00361 W 40 71306 74 00361 The New York City Landmarks Preservation Commission LPC is the New York City agency charged with administering the city s Landmarks Preservation Law The LPC is responsible for protecting New York City s architecturally historically and culturally significant buildings and sites by granting them landmark or historic district status and regulating them after designation It is the largest municipal preservation agency in the nation 1 As of July 1 2020 update the LPC has designated more than 37 000 landmark properties in all five boroughs Most of these are concentrated in historic districts although there are over a thousand individual landmarks as well as numerous interior and scenic landmarks The demolition of Pennsylvania Station was a key moment in the preservationist movement which led to the creation of the LPC Mayor Robert F Wagner Jr first organized a preservation committee in 1961 and the following year created the LPC The LPC s power was greatly strengthened after the Landmarks Law was passed in April 1965 one and a half years after the destruction of Pennsylvania Station The LPC has been involved in several prominent preservation decisions including that of Grand Central Terminal By 1990 the LPC was cited by David Dinkins as having preserved New York City s municipal identity and enhanced the market perception of a number of neighborhoods The LPC is governed by eleven commissioners The Landmarks Preservation Law stipulates that a building must be at least thirty years old before the LPC can declare it a landmark Contents 1 Role 2 Staff and departments 2 1 Commissioners 2 2 Departments 3 Types 4 History 4 1 Context 4 2 Creation 4 3 Changes 4 4 Prominent landmarking decisions 4 4 1 Theater District landmarks 4 4 2 South Street Seaport and New Market Building 4 4 3 Little Syria and Washington Street 5 Former landmarks 6 See also 7 References 8 External linksRole Edit Example of a plaque placed on a Landmark designated building this example in midtown Manhattan The goal of New York City s landmarks law is to preserve the aesthetically and historically important buildings structures and objects that make up the New York City vista The Landmarks Preservation Commission is responsible for deciding which properties should be subject to landmark status and enacting regulations to protect the aesthetic and historic nature of these properties The LPC preserves not only architecturally significant buildings but the overall historical sense of place of neighborhoods that are designated as historic districts 2 The LPC is responsible for overseeing a range of designated landmarks in all five boroughs ranging from the Fonthill Castle in the North Bronx built in 1852 for the actor Edwin Forrest to the 1670s Conference House in Staten Island where Benjamin Franklin and John Adams attended a conference aimed at ending the Revolutionary War The LPC helps preserve the city s landmark properties by regulating changes to their significant features 3 The role of the LPC has evolved over time especially with the changing real estate market in New York City 4 Potential landmarks are first nominated to the LPC from citizens property owners city government staff or commissioners or other staff of the LPC Subsequently the LPC conducts a survey of properties visiting sites to determine which structures or properties should be researched further The selected properties will then be discussed at public hearings where support or opposition to a proposed landmark designation are recorded 5 According to the Landmarks Preservation Law a building must be at least thirty years old before the LPC can declare it a landmark 6 7 Approval of a landmark designation requires six commissioners to vote in favor Approved designations are then sent to the New York City Council which receives reports from other city agencies including the New York City Planning Commission and decides whether to confirm modify or veto the designation 8 Before 1990 the New York City Board of Estimate held veto power rather than the City Council 9 After the City Council s final approval a landmark designation may be overturned if an appeal is filed within 90 days 10 Staff and departments EditCommissioners Edit The Landmarks Preservation Commission consists of 11 commissioners who are unpaid and serve three year terms on a part time basis By law the commissioners must include a minimum of six professionals three architects a historian a city planner or landscape architect and a realtor In addition the commissioners must include at least one resident from each of New York City s five boroughs who may also be a professional All of the commissioners are unpaid except for the chairman 11 5 The commission also employs a full time paid workforce of 80 composed of administrators legal advisors architects historians restoration experts and researchers Students sponsored by the federal government as well as volunteers also assist the commission 5 Departments Edit The full time staff students and volunteers are divided into six departments 12 11 13 The research department performs research of structures and sites that have been deemed potential landmarks The preservation department reviews and approves permit applications to structures and sites that have been deemed landmarks The enforcement department reviews reports of alleged violations of the Landmarks Law which includes alterations to a landmark 13 In 2016 the preservation commission consolidated its archaeological collection of artifacts and launched a reconstructed archaeology department known as the NYC Archaeological Repository The Nan A Rothschild Research Center 14 Archaeologists work for the center reviewing the impact of proposed subsurface projects as well as overseeing any archaeological discoveries 15 The environmental review department uses data from the research and archaeology departments to collect reports for governmental agencies that require environmental review for their projects 16 Finally the Historic Preservation Grant Program distributes grants to owners of landmark properties designated by the LPC or on the National Register of Historic Places NRHP 17 Types EditAs of February 1 2022 update there are more than 37 000 landmark properties in New York City most of which are located in 150 historic districts in all five boroughs The total number of protected sites includes 1 435 individual landmarks 121 interior landmarks and 11 scenic landmarks 1 Some of these are also National Historic Landmark NHL sites and many are on the NRHP 1 18 As of 2007 update the vast majority of interior landmarks are also exterior landmarks or are part of a historic district 19 Individual landmark The exteriors of objects or structures the interior is not included unless designated separately Individual landmarks must be at least 30 years old and contain a special character or special historical or aesthetic interest or value as part of the development heritage or cultural characteristics of the City state or nation 20 Interior landmark The interiors of structures which fit the individual landmark criteria and are customarily open or accessible to the public 20 Scenic landmark Sites owned by the city which fit the individual landmark criteria and are parks or other landscape features 20 Historic districts Regions with buildings that fit the individual landmark criteria and contain architectural and historical significance Landmark districts must also be geographically cohesive with a coherent streetscape and a sense of place 20 History EditContext Edit Before the LPC was founded buildings such as the Andrew Carnegie Mansion were preserved largely based on individual or group advocacy The preservation movement in New York City dates to at least 1831 when the New York Evening Post expressed its opposition to the demolition of a 17th century house on Pearl Street in Lower Manhattan 21 22 Before the LPC s creation buildings and structures were preserved mainly through advocacy either from individuals or from groups 23 Numerous residences were saved this way including the Andrew Carnegie Mansion Percy R Pyne House and Oliver D Filley House all of which ultimately became individual landmarks after the LPC s formation 23 Other structures such as the Van Cortlandt House Morris Jumel Mansion Edgar Allan Poe Cottage and Dyckman House were preserved as historic house museums during the late 19th and early 20th centuries 24 Advocates also led efforts to preserve cultural sites such as Carnegie Hall which in the late 1950s was slated for replacement with an office tower 25 26 However early preservation movements often focused on preserving Colonial style houses while paying relatively little attention to other architectural styles or building types 27 There was generally little support for the preservation movement until World War II 22 Structures such as the City Hall Post Office and Courthouse Madison Square Presbyterian Church 1906 and Madison Square Garden 1890 were demolished if they had fallen out of architectural favor 28 Others such as St John s Chapel were destroyed in spite of support for preservation 22 29 By the 1950s there was growing support for preservation of architecturally significant structures For example a 1954 study found approximately two hundred structures that could potentially be preserved 30 31 At the same time older structures especially those constructed before World War I were being perceived as an impediment to development 32 The demolition of Pennsylvania Station between 1963 and 1966 in spite of widespread outcry 33 34 is cited as a catalyst for the architectural preservation movement in the United States particularly in New York City 35 36 Creation Edit The Mayor s Committee for the Preservation of Structures of Historic and Esthetic Importance was formed in mid 1961 by mayor Robert F Wagner Jr 11 37 This committee had dissolved by early 1962 38 Wagner formed the Landmarks Preservation Commission on April 21 1962 with twelve unsalaried members 11 39 40 Soon afterward the LPC began designating buildings as landmarks 40 That July Wagner issued an executive order that compelled municipal agencies to notify the LPC of any proposed public improvements 41 The early version of the LPC initially held little power over enforcement 11 42 and failed to avert Pennsylvania Station s demolition 43 As a result in April 1964 LPC member Geoffrey Platt drafted a New York City Landmarks Law 44 Outcry over the proposed destruction of the Brokaw Mansion on Manhattan s Upper East Side identified by the LPC as a possible landmark inspired Wagner to send the legislation to the New York City Council in mid 1964 7 44 45 The law introduced in the City Council that October would significantly increase the LPC s powers 46 The City Council cited concerns that the City has been and is undergoing the loss and destruction of its architectural heritage at an alarming rate especially so in the last 8 10 years 11 47 Several changes to the Landmarks Law were made by the City Council committee that was reviewing the legislation for example the committee removed a clause mandating a 400 ft 120 m protective zone around proposed landmarks 44 48 The bill passed the City Council on April 7 1965 49 and was signed into law by Wagner on April 20 5 50 The Astor Library was discussed during the commission s first public hearing in 1965 The first eleven commissioners to take office under the Landmarks Law were sworn in during June 1965 51 Platt was the first chairman serving until 1968 52 The LPC s first public hearing occurred in September 1965 and the first twenty landmarks were designated the next month 53 The Wyckoff House in Brooklyn was the first landmark numerically 11 54 and was designated simultaneously with structures such as the Astor Library 55 the Brooklyn Navy Yard s Commandant s House the Bowling Green U S Custom House and six buildings at Sailors Snug Harbor 53 The first landmark district the Brooklyn Heights Historic District was designated in November 1965 11 Within its first year the LPC designated 37 landmarks in addition to the Brooklyn Heights Historic District The LPC s earliest landmarks were mainly selected based on their architecture and were largely either government buildings institutions or structures whose preservation was unlikely to be controversial 8 As a result several prominent buildings were destroyed in the first several years of the LPC s existence such as the Singer Building and the New York Tribune Building Other structures such as the Villard Houses and Squadron A Armory were saved only partially 56 Changes Edit The LPC was headquartered in the Mutual Reserve Building from 1967 to 1980 57 and in the Old New York Evening Post Building from 1980 to 1987 58 The original legislation enabled the LPC to designate landmarks for eighteen months after the law became effective followed by alternating cycles of three year hiatuses and six month designating periods 5 44 59 In 1973 mayor John Lindsay signed legislation that allowed the LPC to consider landmarks on a rolling basis The bill also introduced new scenic and interior landmark designations 44 60 61 The first scenic landmark was Bryant Park while the first interior landmark was part of the neighboring New York Public Library Main Branch both were designated in November 1974 62 In its first twenty five years the LPC designated 856 individual landmarks 79 interior landmarks and 9 scenic landmarks while declaring 52 neighborhoods with more than 15 000 buildings as historic districts 63 In 1989 when the LPC and its process was under review following a panel created by mayor Edward Koch in 1985 64 a decision was made to change the process by which buildings are declared to be landmarks 65 due to some perceived issues with the manner by which the LPC operates 63 as well as the realization that the destruction feared when the LPC was formed was no longer imminent 64 By 1990 the LPC was cited by David Dinkins as having preserved New York City s municipal identity and enhanced the market perception of a number of neighborhoods This success is believed to be due in part to the general acceptance of the LPC by the city s developers 2 By 2016 the LPC had designated 1 355 individual landmarks 117 interior landmarks 138 historic districts and 10 scenic landmarks 11 Prominent landmarking decisions Edit One of the most prominent decisions in which the LPC was involved was the preservation of the Grand Central Terminal with the assistance of Jacqueline Kennedy Onassis 66 In 1978 the United States Supreme Court upheld the law in Penn Central Transportation Co et al v New York City et al stopping the Penn Central Railroad from altering the structure and placing a large office tower above it 67 This success is often cited as significant due to the LPC s origins following the destruction of Pennsylvania Station referred to by some as architectural vandalism 63 In 1989 the LPC designated the Ladies Mile Historic District 68 The next year marked the first time in the LPC s history that a proposed landmark the Guggenheim Museum one of the youngest declared landmarks received a unanimous vote by the LPC members 6 The vast majority of the LPC s actions are not unanimously supported by the LPC members or the community a number of cases including St Bartholomew s Episcopal Church Bryant Park and Broadway theatres have been challenged 69 One of the most controversial properties was 2 Columbus Circle which remained at the center of a discussion over its future for a number of years 70 Cultural landmarks such as Greenwich Village s Stonewall Inn are recognized as well not for their architecture but rather for their location in a designated historic district 71 In a heatedly discussed decision on August 3 2010 the LPC unanimously declined to grant landmark status to a building on Park Place in Manhattan and thus did not block the construction of Cordoba House 72 Theater District landmarks Edit A major dispute arose over the preservation of theaters in the Theater District during the 1980s The LPC considered protecting close to 50 legitimate theaters as individual city landmarks in 1982 following the destruction of the Helen Hayes and Morosco theaters 73 An advisory panel under mayor Koch voted to allow the LPC consider theaters not only on their historical significance but also on their architectural merits 74 In response to objections from some of the major theatrical operators several dozen scenic and lighting designers offered to work on the LPC for creating guidelines for potential landmarks 75 Theaters were landmarked in alphabetical order the first theaters to be designated under the 1982 plan were the Neil Simon Ambassador and Virginia now August Wilson in August 1985 76 77 a The landmark plan was then deferred temporarily until some landmark guidelines were enacted 78 the guidelines implemented in December 1985 allowed operators to modify theaters for productions without having to consult the LPC 79 80 Landmark designations of theaters increased significantly in 1987 81 starting with the Palace in mid 1987 82 Ultimately 28 additional theaters were designated as landmarks of which 27 were Broadway theaters The New York City Board of Estimate ratified these designations in March 1988 83 Of these both the interior and exterior of 19 theaters were protected while only the interiors of seven theaters including the Lyceum whose exterior was already protected and the exteriors of two theaters were approved 84 Several theater owners argued that the landmark designations impacted them negatively despite Koch s outreach to theater owners 85 The Shubert Organization the Nederlander Organization and Jujamcyn Theaters collectively sued the LPC in June 1988 to overturn the landmark designations of 22 theaters on the merit that the designations severely limited the extent to which the theaters could be modified 86 The New York Supreme Court upheld the LPC s designations of these theaters the next year 87 88 The three theatrical operators challenged the ruling with the U S Supreme Court which refused to hear the lawsuit in 1992 thus upholding the designations 89 South Street Seaport and New Market Building Edit See also Fulton Fish Market An LPC designated historic district for the South Street Seaport has been active since 1977 and was extended on July 11 1989 90 After the Fulton Fish Market relocated to the Bronx in 2005 community members with leadership from organizer Robert Lavalva 91 developed the New Amsterdam Market a regular gathering with vendors selling regional and sustainable foodstuffs outside the old Fish Market buildings The group s chartered organization planned eventually to attempt to reconstitute the New Market Building a 1939 structure with an Art Deco facade 92 and that was owned by the city into a permanent food market However a real estate company the Howard Hughes Corporation possessed a lease for large parts of the Seaport area and desired to redevelop it generating fears among locals that the New Market Building would be altered or destroyed 92 The corporation has offered to provide a more modest food market at 10 000 sq ft 930 m2 into their development plans but market organizers have not been satisfied as they believe this proposal is not guaranteed or large enough and would still not ensure the protection of the historic building 93 A group of community activists formed the Save Our Seaport Coalition to advocate that the New Market Building be incorporated into the historic district set by the Landmarks Preservation Commission in addition to calling for the protection of public space in the neighborhood and for support for the seaport s museum This group included the Historic Districts Council the Save Our Seaport community group the New Amsterdam Market and the Metropolitan Waterfront Alliance 94 The Save Our Seaport group specifically argued that New Market Building was culturally important for its maintenance of the historic fish market for 66 years and that it offers a fine example of WPA Moderne municipal architecture an increasingly rare form throughout the nation 95 They had encouraged others to write letters to the LPC to support formal designation or district protection 95 However in 2013 the LPC declined to hold a hearing to consider this landmark designation or to expand the district 92 Community Board 1 supports protecting and repurposing the New Market Building 92 and the Municipal Art Society argued in a report that it has both architectural and cultural significance as the last functioning site of the important commercial and shipping hub at South Street Seaport 96 Little Syria and Washington Street Edit See also Downtown Community House 109 Washington Street and St George s Syrian Catholic Church After the September 11 attacks in 2001 New York City tour guide Joseph Svehlak and other local historians became concerned that government encouraged development in Downtown Manhattan would lead to the disappearance of the last physical heritage of the once low rise Lower West Side of Manhattan 97 Also known as Little Syria in the late 19th and early 20th centuries the area between Battery Park and the World Trade Center site east of West Street and west of Broadway 98 had been a residential area for the shipping elite of New York in the early 19th century and turned into a substantial neighborhood of ethnic immigration in the mid 19th century In the late 19th and early 20th centuries centered on Washington Street the area became well known as Little Syria hosting immigrants from today s Lebanon Syria and Palestine as well those of many other ethnic groups including Greeks Armenians Irish Slovaks and Czechs Due to eminent domain actions associated with the construction of the Brooklyn Battery Tunnel and the World Trade Center 99 in addition to significant highrise construction in the 1920s and 30s only a small number of low rise historic buildings from the earlier eras remain In 2003 Svehlak wrote a manifesto arguing for the landmark designation of a trilogy 100 of three contiguous buildings on Washington Street the thoroughfare that was most closely associated with Little Syria These consisted of the Downtown Community House which hosted the Bowling Green Association to serve the neighborhood s immigrants 109 Washington Street an 1885 tenement and the terra cotta St George s Syrian Catholic Church After years of advocacy in January 2009 the LPC held a hearing about the landmark designation of the Melkite church which did succeed 101 However under Chairman Robert Tierney the LPC had declined to hold hearings on the Downtown Community House or 109 Washington Street Community and preservation groups including the Friends of the Lower West Side and the Save Washington Street group led by St Francis College student Carl Antoun Houck 102 have continued especially to advocate for a hearing on the Downtown Community House arguing that its history demonstrates the multi ethnic heritage of the neighborhood and that its Colonial Revival architecture intentionally links the immigrants to the foundations of the country 103 and that preserving the three buildings together would tell a coherent story of an overlooked but important ethnic neighborhood 99 In addition to national Arab American organizations 104 Manhattan Community Board 1 105 and City Councilperson Margaret Chin 106 have also advocated for the LPC to hold a hearing on the Downtown Community House According to the Wall Street Journal however the LPC argues that the buildings lack the necessary architectural and historical significance and that better examples of the settlement house movement and tenements exist in other parts of the city 99 The activists have said they hope that the LPC under the new mayor will be more receptive to preservation in the neighborhood 105 Former landmarks EditVery rarely a landmark status granted by the LPC has been revoked Some have been revoked by vote of the New York City Council or before 1990 the New York City Board of Estimate Others have been demolished either through neglect or for development and revoked by the LPC 107 Landmark name Image Date designated Date removed Location Notes71 Pearl Street May 17 1966 1968 Manhattan Landmark 0041 The building was torn down and its site was later occupied by 85 Broad Street 108 135 Bowery June 29 2011 109 September 16 2011 110 Manhattan Landmark 2439 The building was demolished in 2012 111 Austin Nichols and Company Warehouse September 20 2005 November 30 2005 112 Brooklyn Landmark 2163 Landmark status failed a New York City Council vote Beth Hamedrash Hagodol February 28 1967 Manhattan Landmark 0637 The building was destroyed by fire in 2017 113 Cathedral of St John the Divine June 17 2003 October 25 2003 114 Manhattan Landmark 2127 Re designated 2017 as landmark 2585 115 Coogan Raquet Court Club Building October 3 1989 October 8 1989 Manhattan Landmark 1709 The building was demolished 116 Dvorak House 327 East 17th Street February 1991 117 June 1991 Manhattan Landmark status failed a New York City Council vote The building was demolished 118 First Avenue Estate April 24 1990 119 August 16 1990 9 Manhattan Landmark 1692 Re designated 2006 as landmark 1692A 120 Grace Episcopal Memorial Hall October 26 2010 121 January 18 2011 122 Queens Landmark 2394 Landmark status failed a New York City Council vote Jamaica Savings Bank 161 02 Jamaica Avenue May 5 1992 123 1992 Queens Landmark 1800 Landmark status failed a New York City Council vote Re designated 2008 as landmark 2109Jamaica Savings Bank 89 01 Queens Boulevard June 28 2005 119 October 20 2005 124 Queens Landmark 2173 Landmark status failed a New York City Council vote Jerome Mansion November 21 1965 108 June 23 1966 125 Manhattan Landmark 0015 The mansion was torn down in 1967 and replaced by the New York Merchandise Mart 126 Lakeman Cortelyou Taylor House December 13 2016 127 March 2017 Staten Island Landmark 2444New Brighton Village Hall 1965 December 12 2006 128 Staten Island Landmark 0028 The building was torn down in 2004 due to extreme neglect 108 Public School 31 July 15 1986 December 10 2019 129 Bronx Landmark 1435 The building was demolished in 2014 due to extreme neglect 130 Samuel H amp Mary T Booth House November 28 2017 131 March 12 2018 119 Bronx Landmark 2488Stafford Osborn House November 28 2017 131 March 12 2018 119 Bronx Landmark 2479Steinway Historic District November 28 1974 119 January 23 1975 132 QueensWalker Theatre September 11 1984 January 24 1985 133 Brooklyn Interior landmark Landmark 1291 The interior spaces were divided into a four screen cinema then converted to retail 134 See also EditList of New York City Landmarks New York City Office of Administrative Trials and Hearings OATH for hearings conducted on summonses for quality of life violations issued by the LPCReferences EditExplanatory notes The Neil Simon had been known as the Alvin Theatre both its interior and exterior were designated The Ambassador Theatre s interior and exterior were designated but the exterior status was later overturned The Virginia August Wilson was known as the ANTA Theatre only its exterior was designated Citations a b c About LPC New York City Landmarks Preservation Commission Government of New York City Retrieved May 28 2020 a b Dunlap David W April 29 1990 Change on the Horizon for Landmarks The New York Times Retrieved March 17 2008 Apply for a Permit Landmarks Preservation Commission Retrieved April 23 2014 Tarquinio Alex October 3 2007 New Buildings That Embrace the Old The New York Times a b c d e Stern Mellins amp Fishman 1995 p 1120 a b Staff August 19 1990 Guggenheim Museum Is Designated a Landmark The New York Times Retrieved March 17 2008 a b Wood 2008 p 352 a b Stern Mellins amp Fishman 1995 p 1121 a b Purdum Todd S August 16 1990 On Estimate Board s Agenda Last Item Is Its Own Demise The New York Times ISSN 0362 4331 Retrieved June 13 2020 Dunlap David W November 5 1987 5 More Broadway Theaters Classified as Landmarks The New York Times Retrieved March 17 2008 a b c d e f g h i New York City Landmarks Preservation Commission NYPAP April 19 1965 Retrieved December 17 2020 About LPC Landmarks Preservation Commission City of New York a b Departments New York City Landmarks Preservation Commission Retrieved December 17 2020 Bindelglass Evan October 6 2016 Landmarks Preservation Commission Launches NYC Archaeological Repository New York YIMBY Retrieved February 12 2022 Archaeology New York City Landmarks Preservation Commission Retrieved December 17 2020 Environmental Review New York City Landmarks Preservation Commission Retrieved December 17 2020 Historic Preservation Grant Program New York City Landmarks Preservation Commission Retrieved December 17 2020 Landmark Designation New York City Landmarks Preservation Commission Government of New York City Retrieved May 28 2020 Bernstein Fred A September 2007 In Memoriam Interior Design Vol 78 no 11 p 232 ProQuest 234955108 a b c d Landmark Types and Criteria New York City Landmarks Preservation Commission Government of New York City Retrieved December 22 2019 Diamonstein Spielvogel 2011 p 9 a b c Stern Mellins amp Fishman 1995 p 1091 a b Stern Mellins amp Fishman 1995 p 1110 Stern Mellins amp Fishman 1995 p 1092 Stern Mellins amp Fishman 1995 pp 1112 1113 How to Deflect a Wrecking Ball with a Violin WNYC November 6 2014 Retrieved December 16 2020 Stern Mellins amp Fishman 1995 p 1093 Stern Mellins amp Fishman 1995 pp 1091 1092 St John s Chapel Razed The New York Times October 6 1918 ISSN 0362 4331 Retrieved December 16 2020 Stern Mellins amp Fishman 1995 p 1094 City s Landmarks Subject of Study Art Societies Find About 200 Pre world War I Buildings Are Worthy of Preservation The New York Times January 24 1954 ISSN 0362 4331 Retrieved December 16 2020 Stern Mellins amp Fishman 1995 pp 1094 11109 Rasmussen Frederick N April 21 2007 From the Gilded Age a monument to transit The Baltimore Sun Archived from the original on March 4 2016 Retrieved July 20 2013 Stern Mellins amp Fishman 1995 p 1115 Muschamp Herbert June 20 1993 Architecture View In This Dream Station Future and Past Collide The New York Times ISSN 0362 4331 Archived from the original on September 6 2018 Retrieved September 6 2018 Laying the Preservation Framework 1960 1980 Cultural Landscapes U S National Park Service April 24 1962 Archived from the original on September 6 2018 Retrieved September 6 2018 Mayor Appoints 13 To Help Preserve Historic Buildings The New York Times July 12 1961 ISSN 0362 4331 Retrieved December 17 2020 Whitman Group to Hold Ceremony Honoring Poet Brooklyn Heights Press March 8 1962 p 8 Retrieved December 17 2020 via newspapers com 12 Will Tag Sites For Preservation New York Daily News April 22 1962 p 206 Retrieved December 1 2020 via newspapers com a b Wood 2008 p 326 Bennett Charles G July 1 1962 City Asks to Save Landmarks Names Scholar to New Agency Van Derpool of Columbia Is Given Post The New York Times ISSN 0362 4331 Retrieved December 17 2020 Wood 2008 p 333 Ennis Thomas W November 1 1963 2 City Landmarks Feared in Danger Bank and Oldest House May Go Way of Penn Station Penn Station Loss Regretted Street or Landmark The New York Times ISSN 0362 4331 Retrieved December 17 2020 a b c d e New York City Landmarks Law NYPAP May 7 1964 Retrieved December 17 2020 Bill Would Save City Landmarks Commission Would Pass on Alteration Plans The New York Times September 23 1964 ISSN 0362 4331 Retrieved December 17 2020 City Council Gets Landmarks Bill Preservation of Historical Places in City Is Aim The New York Times October 7 1964 ISSN 0362 4331 Retrieved December 16 2020 Wood 2008 p 362 Ennis Thomas W March 24 1965 Landmarks Bill Goes to Council Protective Zone Is Cut but Architecture Rules Stay The New York Times ISSN 0362 4331 Retrieved December 17 2020 Bill on Landmarks Approved by Council The New York Times April 7 1965 ISSN 0362 4331 Retrieved December 17 2020 Ennis Thomas W April 20 1965 Landmarks Bill Signed by Mayor Wagner Approves It Despite Protests of Realty Men The New York Times ISSN 0362 4331 Retrieved December 17 2020 Mayor Inducts 11 Members Of Landmark Commission The New York Times June 30 1965 ISSN 0362 4331 Retrieved December 16 2020 Pace Eric July 15 1985 Geoffrey Platt Is Dead at 79 Led City Preservation Move The New York Times ISSN 0362 4331 Retrieved December 17 2020 a b Fowle Farnsworth October 18 1965 First Official Landmarks of City Designated 20 Sites Listed Each to Get Year s Grace The New York Times ISSN 0362 4331 Retrieved December 17 2020 Byles Jeff March 19 2006 Amid the Facades Furrowed Brows The New York Times ISSN 0362 4331 Retrieved December 17 2020 Gilbert Frank B November 13 1991 Papp Proved that Landmarks Law Works letter to the editor The New York Times Retrieved March 17 2008 Stern Mellins amp Fishman 1995 pp 1121 1129 Colvin Jill December 21 2011 Former Home of Macy s and Mutual Reserve Building Become City Landmarks DNAinfo Archived from the original on March 20 2017 Retrieved March 19 2017 Diamonstein Spielvogel 2011 p 283 Landmarks Get City Protection Right to Save Architectural Heritage Recognized as Government Function The New York Times April 11 1965 p R1 ISSN 0362 4331 Retrieved December 1 2020 via ProQuest Metropolitan Briefs Lindsay Signs Landmarks Bill The New York Times December 18 1973 ISSN 0362 4331 Retrieved December 17 2020 Stern Mellins amp Fishman 1995 pp 1120 1121 Carroll Maurice November 14 1974 3 New Sorts of Landmarks Designated in City The New York Times ISSN 0362 4331 Retrieved February 16 2022 a b c Goldberger Paul April 15 1990 Architecture View A Commission that has Itself Become a Landmark The New York Times Retrieved March 17 2008 a b Dunlap David W December 27 1987 Advisory Group to Determine Future of Landmarks Board The New York Times Retrieved March 17 2008 Dunlap David W February 6 1989 Panel Urges Deadlines for Votes on Landmarks The New York Times Retrieved March 17 2008 Meistersinger Toby von March 7 2008 Some Grand Central Terminal Secrets Revealed Gothamist Archived from the original on March 10 2008 Retrieved March 17 2008 Goldberger Paul June 4 1977 Office Tower Above Grand Central Barred by State Court of Appeals The New York Times Retrieved March 17 2008 Staff May 7 1989 Ladies Mile District Wins Landmark Status The New York Times Dunlap David W November 11 1988 Chairman Plans to Leave Panel on Landmarks The New York Times Retrieved March 17 2008 Weiner Alan S October 13 2003 The Building That Isn t There The New York Times Archived from the original on October 3 2015 Retrieved March 17 2008 Dunlap David W June 26 1999 Stonewall Gay Bar That Made History Is Made a Landmark The New York Times Retrieved March 17 2008 Hernandez Javier C August 3 2010 Mosque Near Ground Zero Clears Key Hurdle The New York Times Retrieved August 7 2011 Goodwin Michael April 16 1982 Midtown Theaters Surveyed for Landmark Designation The New York Times ISSN 0362 4331 Retrieved October 29 2021 THE CITY City Panel Splits On Theater Plan The New York Times October 14 1983 ISSN 0362 4331 Retrieved October 29 2021 Johnston Laurie Anderson Susan Heller June 23 1983 New York Day by Day Doing Justice to Landmakers And to Theater Interiors The New York Times ISSN 0362 4331 Retrieved October 29 2021 Schmalz Jeffrey August 7 1985 Landmarks Panel Listing Broadway Theaters The New York Times ISSN 0362 4331 Retrieved October 29 2021 Polsky Carol August 7 1985 3 Theaters Named Landmarks Newsday p 32 Retrieved October 29 2021 Schmalz Jeffrey August 14 1985 Panel Postpones Landmark Plan for the Theaters The New York Times ISSN 0362 4331 Retrieved October 29 2021 Legitimate Landmarks Panel Issues Guidelines Owners Not Happy Variety Vol 321 no 8 December 18 1985 pp 89 94 ProQuest 1438433105 Shepard Joan December 19 1985 Limit on B way landmarks urged Daily News p 165 Retrieved October 29 2021 Dunlap David W November 22 1987 The Region The City Casts Its Theaters In Stone The New York Times ISSN 0362 4331 Archived from the original on October 16 2021 Retrieved October 16 2021 Dunlap David W June 22 1987 Panel Weighs Designating Theater as Landmark The New York Times ISSN 0362 4331 Retrieved October 29 2021 Purdum Todd S March 12 1988 28 Theaters Are Approved as Landmarks The New York Times ISSN 0362 4331 Archived from the original on October 30 2021 Retrieved November 20 2021 Purdum Todd S March 12 1988 28 Theaters Are Approved As Landmarks The New York Times ISSN 0362 4331 Retrieved October 29 2021 Blau Eleanor January 11 1988 Koch Is to Hold Talks With Theater Council The New York Times ISSN 0362 4331 Retrieved October 29 2021 Dunlap David W June 21 1988 Owners File Suit to Revoke Theaters Landmark Status The New York Times ISSN 0362 4331 Retrieved October 29 2021 Sullivan Ronald December 8 1989 Theaters Landmark Status Upheld The New York Times ISSN 0362 4331 Retrieved October 29 2021 Walsh Thomas December 15 1989 200 Million Landmark Lawsuit Dismissed Designations Are Intact Back Stage Vol 30 no 50 pp 1A 4A ProQuest 962873540 Dunlap David W May 27 1992 High Court Upholds Naming Of 22 Theaters as Landmarks The New York Times ISSN 0362 4331 Retrieved October 29 2021 Historic Districts Council South Street Seaport Retrieved August 11 2014 Hanania Joseph January 24 2014 Duel at the Old Fulton Fish Market The New York Times Retrieved August 12 2014 a b c d Kreuzer Terese Loeb September 12 2013 City says no to landmarking Seaport building leaving door open to demolition Downtown Express Retrieved August 12 2014 Reynolds Aline March 20 2013 Food Market For Seaport In Last Minute Deal Over Pier 17 Tribeca Tribune Retrieved August 12 2014 Garfinkel Molly ndg New Market Building is Place Matters building of the month Historic Districts Council Retrieved August 12 2014 a b Save Our Seaport Support Seaport Landmark Preservation Retrieved August 12 2014 Municipal Art Society 2008 Fulton Fish Market New Market Building Retrieved August 12 2014 Wilensky Lanford Brook June 3 2013 Discovering Little Syria New York s Long Lost Arab Neighborhood Religion Dispatches Retrieved August 10 2014 Chowdhury Sudeshna June 20 2013 Arab Americans Aim at Preserving New York s Little Syria permanent dead link Inter Press Service Retrieved August 10 2014 a b c Weiss Jennifer March 25 2013 In Lower Manhattan Memories of Little Syria The Wall Street Journal p A18 Retrieved August 10 2014 McFarlane Skye H April 27 May 3 2007 Tour guide looks to save remnants of Little Syria Downtown Express Retrieved August 10 2014 Caratzas Michael D July 14 2009 Former St George s Syrian Church Designation Report Archived February 11 2018 at the Wayback Machine New York City Landmarks Preservation Commission Dunlap David W January 2 2012 An Effort to Save the Remnants of a Dwindling Little Syria The New York Times p A18 Retrieved August 10 2014 Eakin Britain August 4 2013 Activists lobby 9 11 Memorial to remember Little Syria Al Arabiya Retrieved August 10 2014 Wallace Bruce January 19 2012 Saving New York s Little Syria PRI s The World Retrieved August 10 2014 a b Malek Alia October 27 2013 Rediscovering Little Syria after the storm passed Aljazeera America Retrieved August 10 2014 Khan Taimur September 21 2013 In New York s Little Syria a fight to preserve the past The National Abu Dhabi p A18 Retrieved August 10 2014 Sternberg Joachim Beno April 2011 New York City s Landmarks Law and the Rescission Process PDF New York University Retrieved June 14 2020 a b c Nevius James April 29 2015 How Some of NYC s First Landmarked Buildings Became Rubble Curbed Retrieved June 14 2020 Perler Elie June 29 2011 135 Bowery is Landmarked Bowery Boogie Archived from the original on July 1 2022 Retrieved June 14 2020 City Council subcommittee turns down Landmarks designation of 135 Bowery The Real Deal New York September 15 2011 Retrieved June 14 2020 Perler Elie September 4 2012 Demolished 135 Bowery Up For Sale Bowery Boogie Archived from the original on July 1 2022 Retrieved June 14 2020 Berkey Gerard Mark City Council Stated Meeting November 30 2005 Gotham Gazette Retrieved October 31 2019 Fire Tears Through Historic Beth Hamedrash Hagodol Synagogue on LES FDNY DNAinfo New York May 14 2017 Archived from the original on June 2 2017 Retrieved June 14 2020 Hu Winnie October 25 2003 No Landmark Status for St John the Divine The New York Times ISSN 0362 4331 Retrieved June 14 2020 Rosenberg Zoe February 21 2017 Cathedral of St John the Divine finally becomes a NYC landmark Curbed NY Retrieved June 14 2020 Dunlap David October 8 1989 Board Drops 1876 Building As Landmark The New York Times ISSN 0362 4331 Retrieved May 17 2021 Prial Frank J February 27 1991 Dvorak House Declared A Manhattan Landmark The New York Times ISSN 0362 4331 Retrieved June 14 2020 Lii Jane H September 21 1997 NEIGHBORHOOD REPORT STUYVESANT SQUARE Dvorak Back Home at Last The New York Times ISSN 0362 4331 Retrieved June 13 2020 a b c d e 9 NYC Buildings that Have Lost Their Landmark Status Untapped New York March 4 2020 Retrieved June 13 2020 City and Suburban Homes Company First Avenue Estate PDF New York City Landmarks Preservation Commission April 24 1990 Retrieved June 13 2020 Grace Episcopal Church Memorial Hall PDF New York City Landmarks Preservation Commission October 26 2010 Retrieved November 5 2020 Council rejects designation of Queens church building CityLand February 16 2011 Retrieved November 5 2020 Former Jamaica Savings Bank PDF New York City Landmarks Preservation Commission February 12 2008 p 9 Retrieved November 2 2020 Steele Lockhart October 28 2005 Elmhurst s Jamaica Savings Bank Landmark Or Not Curbed NY Retrieved June 13 2020 Manhattan Club v Landmarks Comm 51 Misc 2d 556 N Y Sup Ct June 23 1966 Mendelsohn Joyce 1998 Touring the Flatiron Walks in Four Historic Neighborhoods New York New York Landmarks Conservancy p 26 ISBN 0 964 7061 2 1 OCLC 40227695 Sommer Cassy December 13 2016 2 Staten Island buildings named landmarks as backlog initiative ends silive Retrieved June 14 2020 Landmark Site of Former New Brighton Village Hall PDF New York City Landmarks Preservation Commission December 12 2006 Retrieved June 11 2020 Landmarks Rescind Landmarks Designation Status of Former School CityLand December 11 2019 Retrieved June 14 2020 Dunlap David W January 8 2014 Bronx Landmark Under City s Care Is on Brink of Demolition The New York Times ISSN 0362 4331 Retrieved June 14 2020 a b Small Eddie November 28 2017 Two age old homes on City Island are now landmarks The Real Deal New York Retrieved June 14 2020 Fowler Glenn January 24 1975 City Nullifies Designation Of Steinway Historic Area The New York Times ISSN 0362 4331 Retrieved June 13 2020 Brooklyn Cinema Losses Landmark Designation The New York Times January 25 1985 ISSN 0362 4331 Retrieved December 11 2021 Dunlap David W March 30 1988 Fadeout for Movie Palace in Brooklyn The New York Times ISSN 0362 4331 Retrieved December 11 2021 Bibliography Diamonstein Spielvogel Barbaralee 2011 The Landmarks of New York Albany New York State University of New York Press ISBN 978 1 4384 3769 9 Stern Robert A M Mellins Thomas Fishman David 1995 New York 1960 Architecture and Urbanism Between the Second World War and the Bicentennial New York Monacelli Press ISBN 1 885254 02 4 OCLC 32159240 Wood Anthony C 2008 Preserving New York Winning the Right to Protect a City s Landmarks Routledge ISBN 978 0 415 95284 2 External links EditOfficial website Landmarks Preservation Commission in the Rules of the City of New York New York City Landmarks Preservation Commission flickr Group Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title New York City Landmarks Preservation Commission amp oldid 1144620392, 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