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Wikipedia

List of Christian denominations

April 16, 2024

A Christian denomination is a distinct religious body within Christianity, identified by traits such as a name, organization and doctrine. Individual bodies, however, may use alternative terms to describe themselves, such as church, convention, communion, assembly, house, union, network, or sometimes fellowship. Divisions between one denomination and another are primarily defined by authority and doctrine. Issues regarding the nature of Jesus, Trinitarianism, salvation, the authority of apostolic succession, eschatology, conciliarity, papal supremacy and papal primacy among others may separate one denomination from another. Groups of denominations, often sharing broadly similar beliefs, practices, and historical ties—can be known as "branches of Christianity" or "denominational families" (e.g. Eastern or Western Christianity and their sub-branches).[1] These "denominational families" are often imprecisely also called denominations.

Christian denominations since the 20th century have often involved themselves in ecumenism. Ecumenism refers to efforts among Christian bodies to develop better understandings and closer relationships.[2][3] It also refers to efforts toward visible unity in the Christian Church, though the terms of visible unity vary for each denomination of Christianity; the Roman Catholic Church and Eastern Orthodox Church each teach visible unity may only be achieved by converting to their denominational beliefs and structure, citing claims of being the one true church.[4][5] The largest ecumenical organization in Christianity is the World Council of Churches.[6][3]

The following is not a complete list, but aims to provide a comprehensible overview of the diversity among denominations of Christianity, ecumenical organizations, and Christian ideologies not necessarily represented by specific denominations. Only those Christian denominations, ideologies and organizations with Wikipedia articles will be listed in order to ensure that all entries on this list are notable and verifiable. The denominations and ecumenical organizations listed are generally ordered from ancient to contemporary Christianity.

Terminology and qualification edit

See also: List of Christian denominations by number of members
 
Church of the Holy Sepulchre, a center for Christian unity in Jerusalem

Christianity can be taxonomically divided into six main groups: the Church of the East, Oriental Orthodoxy, Eastern Orthodoxy, Roman Catholicism, Protestantism, and Restorationism.[7][8] Within these six main traditions are various Christian denominations (for example, the Coptic Orthodox Church is an Oriental Orthodox denomination). Protestantism includes many groups which do not share any ecclesiastical governance and have widely diverging beliefs and practices.[9] Major Protestant branches include Adventism, Anabaptism, Anglicanism, Baptists, Lutheranism, Methodism, Moravianism, Quakerism, Pentecostalism, Plymouth Brethren, Reformed Christianity, and Waldensianism.[9] Reformed Christianity itself includes the Continental Reformed, Presbyterian, Evangelical Anglican, Congregationalist, and Reformed Baptist traditions.[10] Anabaptist Christianity itself includes the Amish, Apostolic, Bruderhof, Hutterite, Mennonite, River Brethren, and Schwarzenau Brethren traditions.[11]

Within the Restorationist branch of Christianity, denominations include the Irvingians, Swedenborgians, Christadelphians, Latter Day Saints, Jehovah's Witnesses, La Luz del Mundo, and Iglesia ni Cristo.[12][13][14][15] Among those listed, some bodies included do not consider themselves denominations, though for the purpose of academic study of religion, they are categorized as a denomination, that is, "an organized body of Christians."[16]

 
St. George's Cathedral in Istanbul

For example, the Catholic Church considers itself the one true church and the Holy See as pre-denominational.[17] The Eastern Orthodox Church also considers itself the original Christian church and pre-denominational.[18][19] To express further the complexity involved, the Roman Catholic and Eastern Orthodox churches were historically one and the same, as evidenced by the fact that they are the only two modern churches in existence to accept all of the first seven ecumenical councils, until differences arose, such as papal authority and dominance, the rise of the Ecumenical Patriarchate of Constantinople, the fall of the Western Roman Empire, the continuance of emperors in the Eastern Roman Empire, and the final and permanent split that occurred during the Crusades with the siege of Constantinople.[20] This also illustrates that denominations can arise not only from religious or theological issues, but political and generational divisions as well.

Other churches that are viewed by non-adherents as denominational are highly decentralized and do not have any formal denominational structure, authority, or record-keeping beyond the local congregation; several groups within the Restoration movement and congregational churches fall into this category.

 
Saint Peter's Basilica in Vatican City

Some Christian bodies are large (e.g. Catholics, Orthodox, Pentecostals and nondenominationals, Anglicans or Baptists), while others are just a few small churches, and in most cases the relative size is not evident in this list except for the denominational group or movement as a whole (e.g. Church of the East, Oriental Orthodox Churches, or Lutheranism). The largest denomination is the Catholic Church with more than 1.3 billion members.[21] The smallest of these groups may have only a few dozen adherents or an unspecified number of participants in independent churches as described below. As such, specific numbers and a certain size may not define a group as a denomination. However, as a general rule, the larger a group becomes, the more acceptance and legitimacy it gains.

Modern movements such as Christian fundamentalism, Radical Pietism, Evangelicalism, the Holiness movement and Charismatic Christianity sometimes cross denominational lines, or in some cases create new denominations out of two or more continuing groups (as is the case for many united and uniting churches, for example; e.g. the United Church of Christ).[22][23] Such subtleties and complexities are not clearly depicted here.

Between denominations, theologians, and comparative religionists there are considerable disagreements about which groups can be properly called Christian or a Christian denomination as disagreements arise primarily from doctrinal differences between each other. As an example, this list contains groups also known as "rites" which many, such as the Roman Catholic Church, would say are not denominations as they are in full papal communion, and thus part of the Catholic Church.[24] For the purpose of simplicity, this list is intended to reflect the self-understanding of each denomination. Explanations of different opinions concerning their status as Christian denominations can be found at their respective articles.

There is no official recognition in most parts of the world for religious bodies, and there is no official clearinghouse which could determine the status or respectability of religious bodies. Often there is considerable disagreement between various groups about whether others should be labeled with pejorative terms such as "cult", or about whether this or that group enjoys some measure of respectability. Such considerations often vary from place to place, or culture to culture, where one denomination may enjoy majority status in one region, but be widely regarded as a "dangerous cult" in another part of the world. Inclusion on this list does not indicate any judgment about the size, importance, or character of a group or its members.

Early Christian edit

Main articles: Early Christianity, Christianity in the 1st century, and List of Gnostic sects

Early Christianity is often divided into three different branches that differ in theology and traditions, which all appeared in the 1st century AD/CE. They include Jewish Christianity, Pauline Christianity and Gnostic Christianity.[25] All modern Christian denominations are said to have descended from the Jewish and Pauline Christianities, with Gnostic Christianity dying, or being hunted out of existence after the early Christian era and being largely forgotten until discoveries made in the late 19th and early twentieth centuries.[26] There are also other theories on the origin of Christianity.[27]

The following Christian groups appeared between the beginning of the Christian religion and the First Council of Nicaea in 325.

Unlike the previously mentioned groups, the following are all considered to be related to Christian Gnosticism.

Late ancient and Medieval Christian edit

Main articles: History of late ancient Christianity, History of Christianity during the Middle Ages, and State church of the Roman Empire

The following are groups of Christians appearing between the First Council of Nicaea, the East-West Schism and proto-Protestantism. Among these late ancient and Medieval Christian denominations, the most prominent and continuously operating have been the Church of the East and its successors in Assyrian Christianity; and the Oriental Orthodox Churches. Both the Church of the East and Oriental Orthodox separated from the imperial Roman church during the 5th century.[28]

Church of the East edit

Further information: Church of the East, Nestorianism, and Schism of 1552

The Church of the East split from the Roman-recognized state church of Rome during the Sasanian Period. It is also called the Nestorian Church or the Church of Persia.[29] Declaring itself separate from the state church in 424–427, liturgically, it adhered to the East Syriac Rite.[28] Theologically, it adopted the dyophysite doctrine of Nestorianism, which emphasizes the separateness of the divine and human natures of Jesus, and addresses Mary as Christotokos instead of Theotokos; the Church of the East also largely practiced aniconism.[30][31] Adhered to by groups such as the Keraites and Naimans (see Christianity among the Mongols), the Church of the East had a prominent presence in Inner Asia between the 11th and 14th centuries, but by the 15th century was largely confined to the Eastern Aramaic-speaking Assyrian communities of northern Mesopotamia, in and around the rough triangle formed by Mosul and Lakes Van and Urmia—the same general region where the Church of the East had first emerged between the 1st and 3rd centuries.[32]

Its patriarchal lines divided in a tumultuous period from the 16th-19th century, finally consolidated into the Eastern Catholic Chaldean Church (in full communion with the Pope of Rome), and the Assyrian Church of the East.[33][34] Other minor, modern related splinter groups include the Ancient Church of the East (split 1968 due of rejecting some changes made by Patriarch Shimun XXI Eshai) and the Chaldean Syrian Church. In 1995 the Chaldean Syrian Church reunified with the Assyrian Church of the East as an archbishopric. The Chaldean Syrian Church is headquartered in Thrissur, India. Together, the Assyrian, Ancient, Chaldean Syrian and Chaldean Catholic Church comprised over 1.6 million in 2018.[35][36][37][38]

Assyrian (Syriac) Christian edit

Further information: Syriac Christianity

Assyrian Christianity comprises those Eastern churches who kept the traditional Nestorian christology and ecclesiology of the historical Church of the East after the original church reunited with the Catholic Church in Rome, forming the Chaldean Catholic Church in 1552. Assyrian Christianity forms part of the Syriac Christian tradition. The Assyrian Church of the East and the Ancient Church of the East together had over 0.6 million members as of 2018.[39][36]

Oriental Orthodox edit

Further information: Oriental Orthodox Churches

The Oriental Orthodox Churches are the Christian churches adhering to Miaphysite christology and theology, with a combined global membership of 62 million as of 2019.[40][41][42] These churches reject the Council of Chalcedon in 451 and those after it. They departed from the state church of the Roman Empire after the Chalcedonian Council.[43][42] Other denominations, such as the Eastern Orthodox Church and bodies in Old and True Orthodoxy, often label the Oriental Orthodox Churches as "Monophysite". As the Oriental Orthodox do not adhere to the teachings of Eutyches, they themselves reject this label, preferring the term "Miaphysite".

Historically, the Oriental Orthodox Churches considered themselves collectively to be the one, holy, catholic and apostolic Church that Jesus founded. Some Christian denominations have recently considered the body of Oriental Orthodoxy to be a part of the one, holy, catholic and apostolic Church—a view which is gaining increasing acceptance in the wake of ecumenical dialogues between groups such as Eastern Orthodoxy, Roman and Eastern Catholicism, and Protestant Christianity.[44][45]

All canonical or mainstream Oriental Orthodox Churches are part of the World Council of Churches,[42] though only five form the Standing Conference of Oriental Orthodox Churches.[46] Throughout Oriental Orthodoxy, non-mainstream or non-canonical churches have passed in and out of recognition with the mainstream churches (e.g., British Orthodox Church).[47]

Canonical Oriental Orthodox edit

Independent Oriental Orthodox edit

Eastern Orthodox edit

Main article: Eastern Orthodoxy

Eastern Orthodoxy is one of the main Chalcedonian Christian branches, alongside Roman Catholicism and Protestantism.[48][49] Each Eastern Orthodox church considers itself part of the one true church, and pre-denominational. Though they consider themselves pre-denominational, being the original Church of Christ before 1054,[50][18] some scholars suggest the Eastern Orthodox and Catholic churches began after the East–West Schism.[51][52]

Canonical Eastern Orthodox edit

Main articles: Eastern Orthodox Church, Eastern Orthodox Church organization, Eastern Orthodox theology, and Western Rite Orthodoxy

The Eastern Orthodox Church, officially the Orthodox Catholic Church, claims continuity (based upon apostolic succession) with the early Church as part of the state church of Rome. The Eastern Orthodox Church had about 230 million members as of 2019, making it the second largest single denomination behind the Catholic Church.[53][54][55] Some of them have a disputed administrative status (i.e. their autonomy or autocephaly is not recognized universally). Eastern Orthodox churches by and large remain in communion with one another, although this has broken at times throughout its history. Two examples of impaired communion between the Orthodox churches include the Moscow–Constantinople schisms of 1996 and 2018.[56][57][58][59] There are also independent churches subscribing to the Eastern Orthodox traditions.

Independent Eastern Orthodox edit

Main article: Eastern Orthodox Church organization § Unrecognized churches

These Eastern Orthodox churches are not in communion with the mainstream or canonical Eastern Orthodox Church. Some of these denominations consider themselves as part of True Orthodoxy or the Old Believers. True Orthodoxy, or Genuine Orthodoxy, separated from the mainstream church over issues of ecumenism and calendar reform since the 1920s;[60] and the Russian Old Believers refused to accept the liturgical and ritual changes made by Patriarch Nikon of Moscow between 1652 and 1666. Several Old Believer denominations have reunified with the Russian Orthodox Church and subsequent wider Eastern Orthodox communion.

True Orthodoxy and Old Believers edit

Catholic edit

Main articles: Catholic Church and Catholic particular churches and liturgical rites
Further information: List of heresies in the Catholic Church

The Catholic Church, or Roman Catholic Church, is composed of 24 autonomous sui iuris particular churches: the Latin Church and the 23 Eastern Catholic Churches. It considers itself the one, holy, catholic and apostolic Church that Christ founded,[61] and which Saint Peter initiated along with the missionary work of Saint Paul and others. As such, the Catholic Church does not consider itself a denomination, but rather considers itself pre-denominational, the original Church of Christ. Continuity is claimed based upon apostolic succession with the early Church.[62] The Catholic population exceeds 1.3 billion as of 2016,[21] making up the majority of Western Christianity. Stemming from the one Roman Catholic institution, there exists several Independent Catholic churches which have expanded the Catholic denominational family, becoming Old and Old Roman Catholicism, and Liberal Catholics.

Latin (Roman) Catholic edit

Further information: Latin Church

The Latin Church is the largest and most widely known of the 24 sui iuris churches that together make up the Catholic Church.[24] It is headed by the Bishop of Rome—the Pope—with headquarters in Vatican City, enclaved within Rome, Italy. As of 2015, the Latin Church comprised 1.255 billion members.[63]

Eastern (Oriental) Catholic edit

Further information: Eastern Catholic Churches

All of the following are particular churches of the Catholic Church. They are all in communion with the Pope as Bishop of Rome and acknowledge his claim of universal jurisdiction and authority. They have some minor distinct theological emphases and expressions (for instance, in the case of those that are of Greek/Byzantine tradition, concerning some non-doctrinal aspects of the Latin view of Purgatory and clerical celibacy).[64] The Eastern Catholic Churches and the Latin Church (which are united in the worldwide Catholic Church) share the same doctrine and sacraments, and thus the same faith. The total membership of the churches accounted for approximately 18 million members as of 2019.[65]

Alexandrian Rite
Armenian Rite
Byzantine Rite
East Syriac Rite
West Syriac Rite

Independent Catholic edit

Further information: Independent Catholicism, Old Catholic Church, and Independent sacramental movement

Independent Catholics consists of those denominations embodying catholicity, and have initially separated from the Latin Church in 1724 through the consecrations of bishops for the present-day Old Catholic Archdiocese of Utrecht without papal approval.[66][67] Largely distinguished by their rejection of papal infallibility and supremacy, most Independent Catholic churches are unrecognized by the Vatican, although their sacraments have been recognized as valid but illcit.[68]

Protestant edit

Main articles: Protestantism, Reformation, and List of the largest Protestant denominations

Protestantism is a movement within Christianity which owes its name to the 1529 Protestation at Speyer, but originated in 1517 when Martin Luther began his dispute with the Roman Catholic Church. This period of time, known as the Reformation, began a series of events resulting over the next 500 years in several newly denominated churches (listed below). Some denominations were started by intentionally dividing themselves from the Roman Catholic Church, such as in the case of the English Reformation while others, such as with Luther's followers, were excommunicated after attempting reform.[69] New denominations and organizations formed through further divisions within Protestant churches since the Reformation began. A denomination labeled "Protestant" subscribes to the fundamental Protestant principles—though not always—that is scripture alone, justification by faith alone, and the universal priesthood of believers.[70]

The majority of contemporary Protestants are members of Adventism, Anglicanism, the Baptist churches, Calvinism (Reformed Protestantism), Lutheranism, Methodism and Pentecostalism.[71] Nondenominational, Evangelical, charismatic, neo-charismatic, independent, Convergence, and other churches are on the rise, and constitute a significant part of Protestant Christianity.[72]

This list gives only an overview, and certainly does not mention all of the Protestant denominations. The exact number of Protestant denominations, including the members of the denominations, is difficult to calculate and depends on definition. A group that fits the generally accepted definition of "Protestant" might not officially use the term. Therefore, it should be taken with caution. The most accepted figure among various authors and scholars includes around 900 million to a little over 1 billion Protestant Christians.[73][74]

Proto-Protestant edit

Main article: Proto-Protestantism

Proto-Protestantism refers to movements similar to the Protestant Reformation, but before 1517, when Martin Luther (1483–1546) is reputed to have nailed the Ninety-Five-Theses to the church door. Major early Reformers were Peter Waldo (c. 1140–c. 1205), John Wycliffe (1320s–1384), and Jan Hus (c. 1369–1415). It is not completely correct to call these groups Protestant due to the fact that some of them had nothing to do with the 1529 protestation at Speyer which coined the term Protestant. In particular, the Utraquists were eventually accommodated as a separate Catholic rite by the papacy after a military attempt to end their movement failed. On the other hand, the surviving Waldensians ended up joining Reformed Protestantism, so it is not completely inaccurate to refer to their movement as Protestant.

Arnoldists
Berengarians
Friends of God
Hussites
Lollards
Pataria
Petrobrusians
Piagnoni
Strigolniki
Waldensians

Lutheran edit

Main articles: Lutheranism and List of Lutheran denominations
See also: Lutheran church bodies in North America

Lutherans are a major branch of Protestantism, identifying with the theology of Martin Luther, a German friar, ecclesiastical reformer, and theologian. Lutheranism initially began as an attempt to reform the Catholic Church before the excommunication of its members. Today with most Protestants, Lutherans are divided among mainline and evangelical theological lines. The whole of Lutheranism had about 70-90 million members in 2018.[75][76][77][78] The largest non-United Lutheran denomination was the Ethiopian Evangelical Church Mekane Yesus, an Eastern Protestant Christian group.[79]

Radical Pietist edit

Main article: Radical Pietism

Those who separated from established Lutheran churches to form their own denominations are known as Radical Pietists (as opposed to Pietistic Lutherans, who remain in the Lutheran churches (such as the Church of the Lutheran Brethren) and combine its emphasis on Biblical doctrine with the importance of individual piety and living a holy Christian life.[80] Although the Radical Pietists broke with Lutheranism, its influence on Anglicanism, in particular John Wesley, led to the spawning of the Methodist movement.

Reformed edit

Main articles: Calvinism and List of Reformed denominations

Calvinism, also known as the Reformed tradition or Reformed Protestantism is a movement which broke from the Catholic Church in the 16th century. Calvinism follows the theological traditions set down by John Calvin, John Knox and other Reformation-era theologians. Calvinists differ from Lutherans on the real presence of Christ in the Eucharist, theories of worship, and the use of God's law for believers, among other things. There are from 60 to 80 million Christians identifying as Reformed or Calvinist according to statistics gathered in 2018.[81][82][83]

Continental Reformed churches edit

Main article: Continental Reformed church

Presbyterianism edit

Main article: Presbyterianism
See also: List of Presbyterian denominations in North America

Congregationalism edit

Main article: Congregational church

Anglican edit

Main article: Anglicanism

Anglicanism or Episcopalianism has referred to itself as the via media between Lutheranism and Reformed Christianity,[84] as well as between Roman Catholicism and Protestantism.[85][86] The majority of Anglicans consider themselves part of the one, holy, catholic and apostolic Church within the Anglican Communion. Anglicans or Episcopalians also self-identify as both Catholic and Reformed. Although the use of the term "Protestant" to refer to Anglicans was once common, it is controversial today, with some rejecting the label and others accepting it. Anglicans numbered over 85 million in 2018.[87]

Anglican Communion edit

United and Uniting churches

Other Anglican churches and Continuing Anglican movement edit

Main article: Continuing Anglican movement

There are numerous churches following the Anglican tradition that are not in full communion with the Anglican Communion. Some churches split due to changes in the Book of Common Prayer and the ordination of women, forming Anglo-Catholic or Evangelical Anglican communities.[88] A select few of these churches are recognized by certain individual provinces of the Anglican Communion.

Anabaptist edit

Main article: Anabaptists

The Anabaptists trace their origins to the Radical Reformation. Alternative to other early Protestants, Anabaptists were seen as an early offshoot of Protestantism, although the view has been challenged by some[who?] Anabaptists.[89] There were approximately 2.1 million Anabaptists as of 2015.Union of Congregational Churches in Brazil

Amish
Hutterites
Mennonites
River Brethren
Schwarzenau Brethren
Other Anabaptists

Baptist edit

Main article: Baptists
See also: List of Baptist confessions and List of Baptist denominations

Baptists emerged as the English Puritans were influenced by the Anabaptists, and along with Methodism, grew in size and influence after they sailed to the New World (the remaining Puritans who traveled to the New World were Congregationalists). Some Baptists fit strongly with the Reformed tradition theologically but not denominationally. Some Baptists also adopt presbyterian and episcopal forms of governance. In 2018, there were about 75-105 million Baptists.[81][90]

Other Baptists edit

Bapticostals
Holiness Baptists
Seventh Day Baptists
Spiritual Baptist

Methodist edit

Main articles: Methodism and List of Methodist denominations

The Methodist movement emerged out the influence of Pietism within Anglicanism. Unlike Baptists (also emerging from the Church of England), Methodists have retained liturgical worship and other historic Anglican practices including vestments and (in some Methodist denominations such as the United Methodist Church) the episcopacy. Methodists were some of the first Christians to accept women's ordination since the Montanists. Some 60-80 million Christians are Methodists and members of the World Methodist Council.[81][91][92]

Holiness movement edit

Main article: Holiness movement
See also: Conservative holiness movement

The Holiness movement emerged from 19th-century Methodism. As of 2015, churches of the movement had an estimated 12 million adherents.[93]

Keswickian edit

Main article: Higher Life movement

The Higher Life movement emerged in the United Kingdom and emphasized the importance of sanctification, "the deeper and higher life".[94] It became popularized through the Keswick Conventions; W.E. Boardman's Keswickian theology had an influence on A.B. Simpson, who established the Christian and Missionary Alliance.[95]

Campbellite and Millerite edit

Main articles: Adventism, Restorationism, and Restoration movement
See also: Christian primitivism and Second Great Awakening

Adventism was a result from the Restoration movement, which sought to restore Christianity along the lines of what was known about the apostolic early Church which Restorationists saw as the search for a more pure and ancient form of the religion.[96] This idea is also called Christian Primitivism. Following the Stone-Campbell Restoration Movement, William Miller preached the end of the world and the second coming of Christ in 1843/44. Some followers after the failed prediction became the Adventists or Campbellites, while other splinter groups eventually became Apocalyptic Restorationists. Many of the splinter groups did not subscribe to trinitarian theologies. Well known Restorationist groups related in some way to Millerism include the Jehovah's Witnesses, World Mission Society Church of God, the Restored Church of God, and the Kingdom of Jesus Christ. There are a little over 7 million Restorationist Christians.

Stone-Campbell Restoration movement edit

Adventist movement edit

Sunday observing
Saturday observing
Other Adventist

Quaker edit

Main article: Quakers

Quakers, or Friends, are members of various movements united by their belief in the ability of each human being to experientially access the light within, or "that of God in every person".[97]

Shakers edit

Plymouth Brethren edit

Main article: Plymouth Brethren

Plymouth Brethren is a conservative, low church, non-conformist, evangelical Christian movement whose history can be traced to Dublin, Ireland, in the late 1820s, originating from Anglicanism.[98]

Irvingist edit

Main article: Catholic Apostolic Church

The Catholic Apostolic churches were born out of the 1830s revival started in London by the teachings of Edward Irving, and out of the resultant Catholic Apostolic Church movement.[99]

Pentecostal and Charismatic edit

Further information: Pentecostalism and Charismatic Christianity
See also: § Oneness Pentecostalism, and Gay Apostolic Pentecostals

Pentecostalism and Charismatic Christianity began in the 1900s. The two movements emphasize direct personal experience of God through baptism with the Holy Spirit. They represent some of the largest growing movements in Protestant Christianity.[100] As a result of the two movements, the Catholic Charismatic Renewal was established. According to the Pew Research Center, Pentecostals and Charismatics numbered some 280 million people in 2011.[77]

Other Charismatic movements edit

Main article: Charismatic movement

Neo-charismatic movement edit

Main article: Neo-charismatic movement

Uniting and united edit

Main article: United and uniting churches

These united or uniting churches are the result of a merger between distinct denominational churches (e.g., Lutherans, Anglicans, Presbyterians and the Continental Reformed churches). As ecumenism progresses, unions between various Protestants are becoming more and more common, resulting in a growing number of united and uniting churches. Major examples of uniting churches are the United Protestant Church of France (2013) and the Protestant Church in the Netherlands (2004).[101][102] Churches are listed here when their disparate heritage marks them as inappropriately listed in the particular categories above.

Free Evangelical churches edit

Evangelical edit

Main articles: Nondenominational Christianity and Evangelicalism

The term Evangelical appears with the reformation and reblossoms in the 18th century and in the 19th century.[103] Evangelical Protestantism modernly understood is an inter-denominational Protestant movement which maintains the belief that the essence of the Gospel consists of the doctrine of salvation by grace through faith in Jesus Christ's atonement.[104]

African Evangelicalism edit

P'ent'ay edit
Main article: P'ent'ay

P'ent'ay, simply known as Ethiopian-Eritrean Evangelicalism are a group of indigenous Protestant Eastern Baptist, Lutheran, Pentecostal, and Mennonite denominations in full communion with each other and believe that Ethiopian and Eritrean Evangelicalism are the reformation of the current Orthodox Tewahedo churches as well as the restoration of it to original Ethiopian Christianity. They uphold that in order for a person to be saved one has to accept Jesus as their Lord and Savior for the forgiveness of sins; and to receive Christ one must be "born again" (dagem meweled).[105] Its members make up a significant portion of the 2 million Eastern Protestant tradition.

Asian-initiated churches edit

Asian-initiated churches are those arising from Chinese and Japanese regions that were formed during repression in authoritarian eras as responses from government crackdowns of their old Christian denominations which were deemed illegal or unrecognized in their countries' state atheism or religion.

Chinese independent churches edit
Main article: Chinese Independent Churches
Japanese independent churches edit
Main article: Japanese Independent Churches

Malaysian evangelicalism edit

South American evangelicalism edit

Evangelical Free Church denomination (international) edit

Internet churches edit

Main article: Internet church

Eastern Protestant edit

Main article: Eastern Protestant Christianity

These churches resulted from a post–1800s reformation of Eastern Christianity, in line with Protestant beliefs and practices.

Other Protestant churches and movements edit

These are denominations, movements, and organizations deriving from mainstream Protestantism but are not classifiable under historic or current Protestant movements nor as parachurch organizations.

Early modern England edit

Miscellaneous edit

The following are independent and non-mainstream movements, denominations and organizations formed during various times in the history of Christianity by splitting from mainline Catholicism, Eastern or Oriental Orthodoxy, or Protestantism not classified in the previous lists.

Independent Russian edit

Southcottist edit

Main article: Southcottism

Christian Identitist edit

Main article: Christian Identity

Independent/Isolated edit

Nontrinitarian edit

Main article: Nontrinitarianism

These groups or organizations diverge from historic trinitarian theology (usually based on the Council of Nicaea) with different interpretations of Nontrinitarianism.

Oneness Pentecostalism edit

Main article: Oneness Pentecostalism

Unitarian and Universalism edit

Main articles: Unitarianism and Christian Universalism

Nontrinitarian Restorationism edit

Swedenborgianism edit
Main article: The New Church
Latter Day Saint movement edit
Main articles: Latter Day Saint movement and Mormonism
See also: List of denominations in the Latter Day Saint movement and Mormonism and Christianity

Most Latter Day Saint denominations are derived from the Church of Christ established by Joseph Smith in 1830. The largest worldwide denomination of this movement, and the one publicly recognized as Mormonism, is the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints. Some sects, known as the "Prairie Saints", broke away because they did not recognize Brigham Young as the head of the church, and did not follow him West in the mid-1800s. Other sects broke away over the abandonment of practicing plural marriage after the 1890 Manifesto. Other denominations are defined by either a belief in Joseph Smith as a prophet or acceptance of the Book of Mormon as scripture. The Latter Day Saints comprise a little over 16 million members collectively.[106]

"Prairie Saint" Latter Day Saints edit
"Rocky Mountain" Latter Day Saints edit
Fundamentalist Rocky Mountain Latter Day Saints edit
Main article: Mormon fundamentalism
Other Latter Day Saint denominations edit
British Israelism edit
Worldwide Church of God splinter groups edit
Bible Students and splinter groups edit
Main article: Bible Student movement
Other Nontrinitarian restorationists edit

Christian Science edit

Main article: Christian Science

Esoteric Christianity (Gnosticism) edit

Main articles: Esoteric Christianity and Western esotericism

Other Nontrinitarians edit

Judeo-Christian edit

Main articles: Judaizers and Judeo-Christian
See also: Messianic Jewish theology and List of Sabbath-keeping churches

Messianic Judaism edit

Black Hebrew Israelites edit

Main article: Black Hebrew Israelites

Caucasian Albanian Orthodox edit

Other groups edit

Parachurch edit

Main articles: Ecumenism and Parachurch organization

Parachurch organizations are Christian faith-based organizations that work outside and across denominations to engage in social welfare and evangelism. These organizations are not churches but work with churches or represent a coalition of churches.

Ideologies edit

Main article: List of Christian movements

A Christian movement is a theological, political, or philosophical interpretation of Christianity that is not necessarily represented by a specific church, sect, or denomination.

Syncretic edit

Main article: Syncretism
See also: Folk Catholicism and Folk Orthodoxy

The relation of these movements to other Christian ideas can be remote. They are listed here because they include some elements of Christian practice or beliefs, within religious contexts which may be only loosely characterized as Christian.

African diaspora religions edit

African diaspora religions are a number of related religions that developed in the Americas in various nations of the Caribbean, Latin America and the Southern United States. They derive from traditional African religions with some influence from other religious traditions, notably Christianity and Islam. Examples incorporating elements of Christianity include but are not limited to:

New Thought edit

Main article: New Thought

The relation of New Thought to Christianity is not defined as exclusive; some of its adherents see themselves as solely practicing Christianity, while adherents of Religious Science say "yes and no" to the question of whether they consider themselves to be Christian in belief and practice, leaving it up to the individual to define oneself spiritually.

Other syncretists edit

Other Christian or Christian-influenced syncretic traditions and movements include:

Historical movements with strong syncretic influence from Christianity but no active modern membership include

See also edit

References edit

  1. ^ "Eastern Christianity and Western Christianity". courses.lumenlearning.com. Retrieved 3 May 2020.
  2. ^ "Ecumenism". Anglican Communion Website. Retrieved 3 May 2020.
  3. ^ a b "The WCC as a Fellowship of Churches". www.oikoumene.org. Retrieved 3 May 2020.
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  7. ^ Riswold, Caryn D. (1 October 2009). Feminism and Christianity: Questions and Answers in the Third Wave. Wipf and Stock Publishers. ISBN 978-1-62189-053-9.
  8. ^ Gao, Ronnie Chuang-Rang; Sawatsky, Kevin (7 February 2023). "Motivations in Faith-Based Organizations". Houston Christian University. Retrieved 22 November 2023. For example, Christianity comprises six major groups: Church of the East, Oriental Orthodoxy, Eastern Orthodoxy, Roman Catholicism, Protestantism and Restorationism.
  9. ^ a b Encyclopedia of World Religions. Encyclopædia Britannica. 2008. ISBN 978-1-59339-491-2. Amid all this diversity, however, it is possible to define Protestantism formally as non-Roman Western Christianity and to divide most of Protestantism into four major confessions or confessional families – Lutheran, Anglican, Reformed, and Free Church.
  10. ^ The New Encyclopaedia Britannica. Encyclopaedia Britannica. 1987. p. 244. ISBN 978-0-85229-443-7.
  11. ^ Brewer, Brian C. (30 December 2021). T&T Clark Handbook of Anabaptism. Bloomsbury Publishing. p. 564. ISBN 978-0-567-68950-4.
  12. ^ Lewis, Paul W.; Mittelstadt, Martin William (27 April 2016). What's So Liberal about the Liberal Arts?: Integrated Approaches to Christian Formation. Wipf and Stock Publishers. ISBN 978-1-4982-3145-9. The Second Great Awakening (1790-1840) spurred a renewed interest in primitive Christianity. What is known as the Restoration Movement of the nineteenth century gave birth to an array of groups: Mormons (The Latter Day Saint Movement), the Churches of Christ, Adventists, and Jehovah's Witnesses. Though these groups demonstrate a breathtaking diversity on the continuum of Christianity they share an intense restorationist impulse. Picasso and Stravinsky reflect a primitivism that came to the fore around the turn of the twentieth century that more broadly has been characterized as a "retreat from the industrialized world."
  13. ^ Bloesch, Donald G. (2 December 2005). The Holy Spirit: Works Gifts. InterVarsity Press. p. 158. ISBN 978-0-8308-2755-8.
  14. ^ Spinks, Bryan D. (2 March 2017). Reformation and Modern Rituals and Theologies of Baptism: From Luther to Contemporary Practices. Routledge. ISBN 978-1-351-90583-1. However, Swedenborg claimed to receive visions and revelations of heavenly things and a 'New Church', and the new church which was founded upon his writings was a Restorationist Church. The three nineteenth-century churches are all examples of Restorationist Churches, which believed they were refounding the Apostolic Church, and preparing for the Second Coming of Christ.
  15. ^ Lewis, Paul W.; Mittelstadt, Martin William (27 April 2016). What's So Liberal about the Liberal Arts?: Integrated Approaches to Christian Formation. Wipf and Stock Publishers. ISBN 978-1-4982-3145-9. The Second Great Awakening (1790-1840) spurred a renewed interest in primitive Christianity. What is known as the Restoration Movement of the nineteenth century gave birth to an array of groups: Mormons (The Latter Day Saint Movement), the Churches of Christ, Adventists, and Jehovah's Witnesses. Though these groups demonstrate a breathtaking diversity on the continuum of Christianity they share an intense restorationist impulse. Picasso and Stravinsky reflect a primitivism that came to the fore around the turn of the twentieth century that more broadly has been characterized as a "retreat from the industrialized world."
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April 16, 2024
list, christian, denominations, christian, denomination, distinct, religious, body, within, christianity, identified, traits, such, name, organization, doctrine, individual, bodies, however, alternative, terms, describe, themselves, such, church, convention, c. A Christian denomination is a distinct religious body within Christianity identified by traits such as a name organization and doctrine Individual bodies however may use alternative terms to describe themselves such as church convention communion assembly house union network or sometimes fellowship Divisions between one denomination and another are primarily defined by authority and doctrine Issues regarding the nature of Jesus Trinitarianism salvation the authority of apostolic succession eschatology conciliarity papal supremacy and papal primacy among others may separate one denomination from another Groups of denominations often sharing broadly similar beliefs practices and historical ties can be known as branches of Christianity or denominational families e g Eastern or Western Christianity and their sub branches 1 These denominational families are often imprecisely also called denominations Christian denominations since the 20th century have often involved themselves in ecumenism Ecumenism refers to efforts among Christian bodies to develop better understandings and closer relationships 2 3 It also refers to efforts toward visible unity in the Christian Church though the terms of visible unity vary for each denomination of Christianity the Roman Catholic Church and Eastern Orthodox Church each teach visible unity may only be achieved by converting to their denominational beliefs and structure citing claims of being the one true church 4 5 The largest ecumenical organization in Christianity is the World Council of Churches 6 3 The following is not a complete list but aims to provide a comprehensible overview of the diversity among denominations of Christianity ecumenical organizations and Christian ideologies not necessarily represented by specific denominations Only those Christian denominations ideologies and organizations with Wikipedia articles will be listed in order to ensure that all entries on this list are notable and verifiable The denominations and ecumenical organizations listed are generally ordered from ancient to contemporary Christianity Contents 1 Terminology and qualification 2 Early Christian 2 1 Late ancient and Medieval Christian 3 Church of the East 3 1 Assyrian Syriac Christian 4 Oriental Orthodox 4 1 Canonical Oriental Orthodox 4 2 Independent Oriental Orthodox 5 Eastern Orthodox 5 1 Canonical Eastern Orthodox 5 2 Independent Eastern Orthodox 5 2 1 True Orthodoxy and Old Believers 6 Catholic 6 1 Latin Roman Catholic 6 2 Eastern Oriental Catholic 6 3 Independent Catholic 7 Protestant 7 1 Proto Protestant 7 2 Lutheran 7 3 Radical Pietist 7 4 Reformed 7 4 1 Continental Reformed churches 7 4 2 Presbyterianism 7 4 3 Congregationalism 7 5 Anglican 7 5 1 Anglican Communion 7 5 2 Other Anglican churches and Continuing Anglican movement 7 6 Anabaptist 7 7 Baptist 7 7 1 Other Baptists 7 8 Methodist 7 8 1 Holiness movement 7 9 Keswickian 7 10 Campbellite and Millerite 7 10 1 Stone Campbell Restoration movement 7 10 2 Adventist movement 7 11 Quaker 7 11 1 Shakers 7 12 Plymouth Brethren 7 13 Irvingist 7 14 Pentecostal and Charismatic 7 14 1 Other Charismatic movements 7 14 2 Neo charismatic movement 7 15 Uniting and united 7 15 1 Free Evangelical churches 7 16 Evangelical 7 16 1 African Evangelicalism 7 16 1 1 P ent ay 7 16 2 Asian initiated churches 7 16 2 1 Chinese independent churches 7 16 2 2 Japanese independent churches 7 16 3 Malaysian evangelicalism 7 16 4 South American evangelicalism 7 16 5 Evangelical Free Church denomination international 7 16 6 Internet churches 7 17 Eastern Protestant 7 18 Other Protestant churches and movements 7 18 1 Early modern England 8 Miscellaneous 8 1 Independent Russian 8 2 Southcottist 8 3 Christian Identitist 8 4 Independent Isolated 8 5 Nontrinitarian 8 5 1 Oneness Pentecostalism 8 5 2 Unitarian and Universalism 8 5 3 Nontrinitarian Restorationism 8 5 3 1 Swedenborgianism 8 5 3 2 Latter Day Saint movement 8 5 3 2 1 Prairie Saint Latter Day Saints 8 5 3 2 2 Rocky Mountain Latter Day Saints 8 5 3 2 3 Fundamentalist Rocky Mountain Latter Day Saints 8 5 3 2 4 Other Latter Day Saint denominations 8 5 3 3 British Israelism 8 5 3 3 1 Worldwide Church of God splinter groups 8 5 3 4 Bible Students and splinter groups 8 5 3 5 Other Nontrinitarian restorationists 8 5 4 Christian Science 8 5 5 Esoteric Christianity Gnosticism 8 5 6 Other Nontrinitarians 8 6 Judeo Christian 8 6 1 Messianic Judaism 8 6 2 Black Hebrew Israelites 8 6 3 Caucasian Albanian Orthodox 8 6 4 Other groups 9 Parachurch 10 Ideologies 11 Syncretic 11 1 African diaspora religions 11 2 New Thought 11 3 Other syncretists 12 See also 13 ReferencesTerminology and qualification editSee also List of Christian denominations by number of members nbsp Church of the Holy Sepulchre a center for Christian unity in JerusalemChristianity can be taxonomically divided into six main groups the Church of the East Oriental Orthodoxy Eastern Orthodoxy Roman Catholicism Protestantism and Restorationism 7 8 Within these six main traditions are various Christian denominations for example the Coptic Orthodox Church is an Oriental Orthodox denomination Protestantism includes many groups which do not share any ecclesiastical governance and have widely diverging beliefs and practices 9 Major Protestant branches include Adventism Anabaptism Anglicanism Baptists Lutheranism Methodism Moravianism Quakerism Pentecostalism Plymouth Brethren Reformed Christianity and Waldensianism 9 Reformed Christianity itself includes the Continental Reformed Presbyterian Evangelical Anglican Congregationalist and Reformed Baptist traditions 10 Anabaptist Christianity itself includes the Amish Apostolic Bruderhof Hutterite Mennonite River Brethren and Schwarzenau Brethren traditions 11 Within the Restorationist branch of Christianity denominations include the Irvingians Swedenborgians Christadelphians Latter Day Saints Jehovah s Witnesses La Luz del Mundo and Iglesia ni Cristo 12 13 14 15 Among those listed some bodies included do not consider themselves denominations though for the purpose of academic study of religion they are categorized as a denomination that is an organized body of Christians 16 nbsp St George s Cathedral in IstanbulFor example the Catholic Church considers itself the one true church and the Holy See as pre denominational 17 The Eastern Orthodox Church also considers itself the original Christian church and pre denominational 18 19 To express further the complexity involved the Roman Catholic and Eastern Orthodox churches were historically one and the same as evidenced by the fact that they are the only two modern churches in existence to accept all of the first seven ecumenical councils until differences arose such as papal authority and dominance the rise of the Ecumenical Patriarchate of Constantinople the fall of the Western Roman Empire the continuance of emperors in the Eastern Roman Empire and the final and permanent split that occurred during the Crusades with the siege of Constantinople 20 This also illustrates that denominations can arise not only from religious or theological issues but political and generational divisions as well Other churches that are viewed by non adherents as denominational are highly decentralized and do not have any formal denominational structure authority or record keeping beyond the local congregation several groups within the Restoration movement and congregational churches fall into this category nbsp Saint Peter s Basilica in Vatican CitySome Christian bodies are large e g Catholics Orthodox Pentecostals and nondenominationals Anglicans or Baptists while others are just a few small churches and in most cases the relative size is not evident in this list except for the denominational group or movement as a whole e g Church of the East Oriental Orthodox Churches or Lutheranism The largest denomination is the Catholic Church with more than 1 3 billion members 21 The smallest of these groups may have only a few dozen adherents or an unspecified number of participants in independent churches as described below As such specific numbers and a certain size may not define a group as a denomination However as a general rule the larger a group becomes the more acceptance and legitimacy it gains Modern movements such as Christian fundamentalism Radical Pietism Evangelicalism the Holiness movement and Charismatic Christianity sometimes cross denominational lines or in some cases create new denominations out of two or more continuing groups as is the case for many united and uniting churches for example e g the United Church of Christ 22 23 Such subtleties and complexities are not clearly depicted here Between denominations theologians and comparative religionists there are considerable disagreements about which groups can be properly called Christian or a Christian denomination as disagreements arise primarily from doctrinal differences between each other As an example this list contains groups also known as rites which many such as the Roman Catholic Church would say are not denominations as they are in full papal communion and thus part of the Catholic Church 24 For the purpose of simplicity this list is intended to reflect the self understanding of each denomination Explanations of different opinions concerning their status as Christian denominations can be found at their respective articles There is no official recognition in most parts of the world for religious bodies and there is no official clearinghouse which could determine the status or respectability of religious bodies Often there is considerable disagreement between various groups about whether others should be labeled with pejorative terms such as cult or about whether this or that group enjoys some measure of respectability Such considerations often vary from place to place or culture to culture where one denomination may enjoy majority status in one region but be widely regarded as a dangerous cult in another part of the world Inclusion on this list does not indicate any judgment about the size importance or character of a group or its members Early Christian editMain articles Early Christianity Christianity in the 1st century and List of Gnostic sects Early Christianity is often divided into three different branches that differ in theology and traditions which all appeared in the 1st century AD CE They include Jewish Christianity Pauline Christianity and Gnostic Christianity 25 All modern Christian denominations are said to have descended from the Jewish and Pauline Christianities with Gnostic Christianity dying or being hunted out of existence after the early Christian era and being largely forgotten until discoveries made in the late 19th and early twentieth centuries 26 There are also other theories on the origin of Christianity 27 The following Christian groups appeared between the beginning of the Christian religion and the First Council of Nicaea in 325 Adamites Arianism Ebionites Collyridianism Elcesaites Marcionism Montanism Nazarenes Novatianism Unlike the previously mentioned groups the following are all considered to be related to Christian Gnosticism Bardaisanites Basilideans Carpocratianism Nicolaitans Sethianism Simonians sometimes considered Proto Gnostic Valentinianism Late ancient and Medieval Christian edit Main articles History of late ancient Christianity History of Christianity during the Middle Ages and State church of the Roman Empire The following are groups of Christians appearing between the First Council of Nicaea the East West Schism and proto Protestantism Among these late ancient and Medieval Christian denominations the most prominent and continuously operating have been the Church of the East and its successors in Assyrian Christianity and the Oriental Orthodox Churches Both the Church of the East and Oriental Orthodox separated from the imperial Roman church during the 5th century 28 Agonoclita Apostolic Brethren Beguines and Beghards Bogomilism Patarines Bosnian Church Brethren of the Free Spirit Catharism Celtic Christianity Donatism Dulcinians Euchites Fraticelli Friends of God Henricans Heresy of the Judaizers Lollardy Neo Adamites Paulicianism Petrobrusians Strigolniki TondrakiansChurch of the East editFurther information Church of the East Nestorianism and Schism of 1552 The Church of the East split from the Roman recognized state church of Rome during the Sasanian Period It is also called the Nestorian Church or the Church of Persia 29 Declaring itself separate from the state church in 424 427 liturgically it adhered to the East Syriac Rite 28 Theologically it adopted the dyophysite doctrine of Nestorianism which emphasizes the separateness of the divine and human natures of Jesus and addresses Mary as Christotokos instead of Theotokos the Church of the East also largely practiced aniconism 30 31 Adhered to by groups such as the Keraites and Naimans see Christianity among the Mongols the Church of the East had a prominent presence in Inner Asia between the 11th and 14th centuries but by the 15th century was largely confined to the Eastern Aramaic speaking Assyrian communities of northern Mesopotamia in and around the rough triangle formed by Mosul and Lakes Van and Urmia the same general region where the Church of the East had first emerged between the 1st and 3rd centuries 32 Its patriarchal lines divided in a tumultuous period from the 16th 19th century finally consolidated into the Eastern Catholic Chaldean Church in full communion with the Pope of Rome and the Assyrian Church of the East 33 34 Other minor modern related splinter groups include the Ancient Church of the East split 1968 due of rejecting some changes made by Patriarch Shimun XXI Eshai and the Chaldean Syrian Church In 1995 the Chaldean Syrian Church reunified with the Assyrian Church of the East as an archbishopric The Chaldean Syrian Church is headquartered in Thrissur India Together the Assyrian Ancient Chaldean Syrian and Chaldean Catholic Church comprised over 1 6 million in 2018 35 36 37 38 Assyrian Syriac Christian edit Further information Syriac Christianity Assyrian Christianity comprises those Eastern churches who kept the traditional Nestorian christology and ecclesiology of the historical Church of the East after the original church reunited with the Catholic Church in Rome forming the Chaldean Catholic Church in 1552 Assyrian Christianity forms part of the Syriac Christian tradition The Assyrian Church of the East and the Ancient Church of the East together had over 0 6 million members as of 2018 update 39 36 Assyrian Church of the East Chaldean Syrian Church Ancient Church of the EastOriental Orthodox editFurther information Oriental Orthodox Churches The Oriental Orthodox Churches are the Christian churches adhering to Miaphysite christology and theology with a combined global membership of 62 million as of 2019 update 40 41 42 These churches reject the Council of Chalcedon in 451 and those after it They departed from the state church of the Roman Empire after the Chalcedonian Council 43 42 Other denominations such as the Eastern Orthodox Church and bodies in Old and True Orthodoxy often label the Oriental Orthodox Churches as Monophysite As the Oriental Orthodox do not adhere to the teachings of Eutyches they themselves reject this label preferring the term Miaphysite Historically the Oriental Orthodox Churches considered themselves collectively to be the one holy catholic and apostolic Church that Jesus founded Some Christian denominations have recently considered the body of Oriental Orthodoxy to be a part of the one holy catholic and apostolic Church a view which is gaining increasing acceptance in the wake of ecumenical dialogues between groups such as Eastern Orthodoxy Roman and Eastern Catholicism and Protestant Christianity 44 45 All canonical or mainstream Oriental Orthodox Churches are part of the World Council of Churches 42 though only five form the Standing Conference of Oriental Orthodox Churches 46 Throughout Oriental Orthodoxy non mainstream or non canonical churches have passed in and out of recognition with the mainstream churches e g British Orthodox Church 47 Canonical Oriental Orthodox edit Coptic Orthodox Church French Coptic Orthodox Church Syriac Orthodox Church of Antioch Jacobite Syrian Christian Church Armenian Apostolic Church Mother See of Holy Etchmiadzin Holy See of Cilicia Armenian Patriarchate of Constantinople Armenian Patriarchate of Jerusalem Ethiopian Orthodox Tewahedo Church Eritrean Orthodox Tewahedo Church Malankara Orthodox Syrian Church Brahmavar Goan Orthodox Church Independent Oriental Orthodox edit British Orthodox Church Celtic Orthodox Church Malabar Independent Syrian Church Orthodox Church of the Gauls Tigrayan Orthodox Tewahedo ChurchEastern Orthodox editMain article Eastern Orthodoxy Eastern Orthodoxy is one of the main Chalcedonian Christian branches alongside Roman Catholicism and Protestantism 48 49 Each Eastern Orthodox church considers itself part of the one true church and pre denominational Though they consider themselves pre denominational being the original Church of Christ before 1054 50 18 some scholars suggest the Eastern Orthodox and Catholic churches began after the East West Schism 51 52 Canonical Eastern Orthodox edit Main articles Eastern Orthodox Church Eastern Orthodox Church organization Eastern Orthodox theology and Western Rite Orthodoxy The Eastern Orthodox Church officially the Orthodox Catholic Church claims continuity based upon apostolic succession with the early Church as part of the state church of Rome The Eastern Orthodox Church had about 230 million members as of 2019 update making it the second largest single denomination behind the Catholic Church 53 54 55 Some of them have a disputed administrative status i e their autonomy or autocephaly is not recognized universally Eastern Orthodox churches by and large remain in communion with one another although this has broken at times throughout its history Two examples of impaired communion between the Orthodox churches include the Moscow Constantinople schisms of 1996 and 2018 56 57 58 59 There are also independent churches subscribing to the Eastern Orthodox traditions Ecumenical Patriarchate of Constantinople Greek Orthodox Archdiocese of Italy and Malta Greek Orthodox Archdiocese of America Albanian Orthodox Diocese of America Greek Orthodox Archdiocese of Canada Greek Orthodox Archdiocese of Great Britain Greek Orthodox Archdiocese of Australia Vicariate for Palestine and Jordan in the USA Finnish Orthodox Church Greek Orthodox Church of Crete Monastic Community of Mount Athos Korean Orthodox Church Estonian Apostolic Orthodox Church Ukrainian Orthodox Church of the USA Ukrainian Orthodox Church of Canada Orthodox Metropolitanate of Hong Kong Exarchate of the Philippines Orthodox Metropolitanate of Singapore American Carpatho Russian Orthodox Diocese Greek Orthodox Church of Alexandria Greek Orthodox Church of Antioch Antiochian Orthodox Archdiocese of North America Antiochian Orthodox Archdiocese of Australia Antiochian Orthodox Archdiocese of Mexico Antiochian Orthodox Mission in the Philippines Antiochian Orthodox Archdiocese of Chile Greek Orthodox Church of Jerusalem Greek Orthodox Church of Sinai Russian Orthodox Church Russian Orthodox Church Outside Russia Russian Orthodox Church in Finland Japanese Orthodox Church Chinese Orthodox Church Estonian Orthodox Church Moscow Patriarchate Moldovan Orthodox Church Belarusian Orthodox Church Philippine Orthodox Church Moscow Patriarchate Patriarchal Exarchate in South East Asia Patriarchal Exarchate in Western Europe Patriarchal Parishes in the USA Patriarchal Parishes in Canada Georgian Orthodox and Apostolic Church Serbian Orthodox Church Serbian Orthodox Ohrid Archbishopric Archdiocese of Belgrade and Karlovci Serbian Metropolitanate of Skopje Serbian Metropolitanate of Dabar Serbian Metropolitanate of Montenegro Serbian Metropolitanate of Zagreb Serbian Metropolitanate of Australia Romanian Orthodox Church Romanian Metropolis of Bessarabia Romanian Metropolia of the Americas Bulgarian Orthodox Church Diocese of North America and Australia Cypriot Orthodox Church Orthodox Church of Greece Albanian Orthodox Church Polish Orthodox Church Czech and Slovak Orthodox Church Orthodox Church in America Archdiocese of Canada Romanian Orthodox Episcopate of America Albanian Orthodox Archdiocese in America Exarchate of Mexico Orthodox Church of Ukraine Macedonian Orthodox Church Independent Eastern Orthodox edit Main article Eastern Orthodox Church organization Unrecognized churches These Eastern Orthodox churches are not in communion with the mainstream or canonical Eastern Orthodox Church Some of these denominations consider themselves as part of True Orthodoxy or the Old Believers True Orthodoxy or Genuine Orthodoxy separated from the mainstream church over issues of ecumenism and calendar reform since the 1920s 60 and the Russian Old Believers refused to accept the liturgical and ritual changes made by Patriarch Nikon of Moscow between 1652 and 1666 Several Old Believer denominations have reunified with the Russian Orthodox Church and subsequent wider Eastern Orthodox communion Abkhazian Orthodox Church American Orthodox Catholic Church Autocephalous Turkish Orthodox Patriarchate Belarusian Autocephalous Orthodox Church Latvian Orthodox Church Lusitanian Catholic Orthodox Church Montenegrin Orthodox Church 1993 Independent Ukrainian Orthodox churches Ukrainian Autocephalous Orthodox Church Canonical Ukrainian Orthodox Church Kyiv Patriarchate True Orthodoxy and Old Believers edit Old Calendar Bulgarian Orthodox Church Old Calendar Romanian Orthodox Church Russian Orthodox Autonomous Church Serbian True Orthodox Church Russian Orthodox Old Rite Church Lipovan Orthodox Old Rite Church Russian Old Orthodox Church Pomorian Old Orthodox ChurchCatholic editMain articles Catholic Church and Catholic particular churches and liturgical rites Further information List of heresies in the Catholic Church The Catholic Church or Roman Catholic Church is composed of 24 autonomous sui iuris particular churches the Latin Church and the 23 Eastern Catholic Churches It considers itself the one holy catholic and apostolic Church that Christ founded 61 and which Saint Peter initiated along with the missionary work of Saint Paul and others As such the Catholic Church does not consider itself a denomination but rather considers itself pre denominational the original Church of Christ Continuity is claimed based upon apostolic succession with the early Church 62 The Catholic population exceeds 1 3 billion as of 2016 update 21 making up the majority of Western Christianity Stemming from the one Roman Catholic institution there exists several Independent Catholic churches which have expanded the Catholic denominational family becoming Old and Old Roman Catholicism and Liberal Catholics Latin Roman Catholic edit Further information Latin Church The Latin Church is the largest and most widely known of the 24 sui iuris churches that together make up the Catholic Church 24 It is headed by the Bishop of Rome the Pope with headquarters in Vatican City enclaved within Rome Italy As of 2015 update the Latin Church comprised 1 255 billion members 63 Eastern Oriental Catholic edit Further information Eastern Catholic Churches All of the following are particular churches of the Catholic Church They are all in communion with the Pope as Bishop of Rome and acknowledge his claim of universal jurisdiction and authority They have some minor distinct theological emphases and expressions for instance in the case of those that are of Greek Byzantine tradition concerning some non doctrinal aspects of the Latin view of Purgatory and clerical celibacy 64 The Eastern Catholic Churches and the Latin Church which are united in the worldwide Catholic Church share the same doctrine and sacraments and thus the same faith The total membership of the churches accounted for approximately 18 million members as of 2019 update 65 Alexandrian RiteCoptic Catholic Church Eritrean Catholic Church Ethiopian Catholic ChurchArmenian RiteArmenian Catholic ChurchByzantine RiteAlbanian Greek Catholic Church Belarusian Greek Catholic Church Bulgarian Greek Catholic Church Greek Catholic Church of Croatia and Serbia Greek Byzantine Catholic Church Hungarian Greek Catholic Church Italo Albanian Catholic Church Macedonian Greek Catholic Church Melkite Greek Catholic Church Romanian Greek Catholic Church Russian Greek Catholic Church Ruthenian Greek Byzantine Catholic Church Slovak Greek Catholic Church Ukrainian Greek Catholic ChurchEast Syriac RiteChaldean Catholic Church Syro Malabar Catholic ChurchWest Syriac RiteMaronite Church Syriac Catholic Church Syro Malankara Catholic Church Independent Catholic edit Further information Independent Catholicism Old Catholic Church and Independent sacramental movement Independent Catholics consists of those denominations embodying catholicity and have initially separated from the Latin Church in 1724 through the consecrations of bishops for the present day Old Catholic Archdiocese of Utrecht without papal approval 66 67 Largely distinguished by their rejection of papal infallibility and supremacy most Independent Catholic churches are unrecognized by the Vatican although their sacraments have been recognized as valid but illcit 68 American Catholic Church in the United States American National Catholic Church Antiochian Catholic Church in America Augustana Catholic Church Argentine Catholic Apostolic Church Apostolic Catholic Church Philippines Brazilian Catholic Apostolic Church Catholic Christian Church Catholic Mariavite Church Chinese Patriotic Catholic Association Christ Catholic Church Community of the Lady of All Nations Congregation of Mary Immaculate Queen Ecumenical Catholic Church Ecumenical Catholic Communion Evangelical Catholic Church Independent Catholic Fraternite Notre Dame Free Catholic Church Imani Temple African American Catholic Congregation Istituto Mater Boni Consilii Liberal Catholic Church Liberal Catholic Church International Liberal Catholic Church Province of the United States of America Old Catholic Apostolic Church The Young Rite Most Holy Family Monastery Union of Utrecht of the Old Catholic Churches Catholic Diocese of the Old Catholics in Germany Christian Catholic Church of Switzerland Old Catholic Church of Austria Old Catholic Church of the Czech Republic Old Catholic Church of the Netherlands Polish Catholic Church in Poland Old Catholic Mariavite Church Old Roman Catholic Church in Great Britain Palmarian Catholic Church Philippine Independent Aglipayan Church Polish National Catholic Church Rabelados Reformed Catholic Church St Stanislaus Kostka Church St Louis Missouri Society of St Pius V Traditionalist Mexican American Catholic Church True Catholic Church Ukrainian Orthodox Greek Catholic Church Venezuelan Catholic Apostolic ChurchProtestant editMain articles Protestantism Reformation and List of the largest Protestant denominations Protestantism is a movement within Christianity which owes its name to the 1529 Protestation at Speyer but originated in 1517 when Martin Luther began his dispute with the Roman Catholic Church This period of time known as the Reformation began a series of events resulting over the next 500 years in several newly denominated churches listed below Some denominations were started by intentionally dividing themselves from the Roman Catholic Church such as in the case of the English Reformation while others such as with Luther s followers were excommunicated after attempting reform 69 New denominations and organizations formed through further divisions within Protestant churches since the Reformation began A denomination labeled Protestant subscribes to the fundamental Protestant principles though not always that is scripture alone justification by faith alone and the universal priesthood of believers 70 The majority of contemporary Protestants are members of Adventism Anglicanism the Baptist churches Calvinism Reformed Protestantism Lutheranism Methodism and Pentecostalism 71 Nondenominational Evangelical charismatic neo charismatic independent Convergence and other churches are on the rise and constitute a significant part of Protestant Christianity 72 This list gives only an overview and certainly does not mention all of the Protestant denominations The exact number of Protestant denominations including the members of the denominations is difficult to calculate and depends on definition A group that fits the generally accepted definition of Protestant might not officially use the term Therefore it should be taken with caution The most accepted figure among various authors and scholars includes around 900 million to a little over 1 billion Protestant Christians 73 74 Proto Protestant edit Main article Proto Protestantism Proto Protestantism refers to movements similar to the Protestant Reformation but before 1517 when Martin Luther 1483 1546 is reputed to have nailed the Ninety Five Theses to the church door Major early Reformers were Peter Waldo c 1140 c 1205 John Wycliffe 1320s 1384 and Jan Hus c 1369 1415 It is not completely correct to call these groups Protestant due to the fact that some of them had nothing to do with the 1529 protestation at Speyer which coined the term Protestant In particular the Utraquists were eventually accommodated as a separate Catholic rite by the papacy after a military attempt to end their movement failed On the other hand the surviving Waldensians ended up joining Reformed Protestantism so it is not completely inaccurate to refer to their movement as Protestant Arnoldists Berengarians Friends of God HussitesCzechoslovak Hussite Church Moravian Church Orebites Praguers Taborites Unity of the BrethrenLollards Pataria Petrobrusians Piagnoni Strigolniki WaldensiansWaldensian Evangelical Church Lutheran edit Main articles Lutheranism and List of Lutheran denominations See also Lutheran church bodies in North America Lutherans are a major branch of Protestantism identifying with the theology of Martin Luther a German friar ecclesiastical reformer and theologian Lutheranism initially began as an attempt to reform the Catholic Church before the excommunication of its members Today with most Protestants Lutherans are divided among mainline and evangelical theological lines The whole of Lutheranism had about 70 90 million members in 2018 75 76 77 78 The largest non United Lutheran denomination was the Ethiopian Evangelical Church Mekane Yesus an Eastern Protestant Christian group 79 Apostolic Lutheran Church of America Association of Free Lutheran Congregations Church of the Lutheran Brethren of America Church of the Lutheran Confession Concordia Lutheran Conference Confessional Evangelical Lutheran Conference Confessional Evangelical Lutheran Church of Albania Evangelical Lutheran Church Concord Evangelical Lutheran Free Church Germany Evangelical Lutheran Synod Lutheran Church of Central Africa Malawi Conference Lutheran Church of Central Africa Zambia Conference Lutheran Confessional Church Ukrainian Lutheran Church Wisconsin Evangelical Lutheran Synod Evangelical Lutheran Diocese of North America General Lutheran Church International Lutheran Council American Association of Lutheran Churches Evangelical Lutheran Church of Brazil Evangelical Lutheran Church of England Evangelical Lutheran Church Synod of France and Belgium Gutnius Lutheran Church Independent Evangelical Lutheran Church Japan Lutheran Church Lanka Lutheran Church Lutheran Church Canada Lutheran Church Hong Kong Synod Lutheran Church Missouri Synod Lutheran Church of Australia Kosovo Protestant Evangelical Church Laestadian Lutheran Church Latvian Evangelical Lutheran Church in America Lutheran Church International Lutheran Congregations in Mission for Christ Lutheran Evangelical Protestant Church Lutheran Ministerium and Synod USA Lutheran World Federation Andhra Evangelical Lutheran Church Arcot Lutheran Church Batak Christian Protestant Church Church of Denmark Church of the Faroe Islands Church of Iceland Church of Norway Church of Sweden Estonian Evangelical Lutheran Church Evangelical Church of the Augsburg Confession in Slovakia Evangelical Church of the Lutheran Confession in Brazil Evangelical Lutheran Church in America Evangelical Lutheran Church in Canada Evangelical Lutheran Church in Italy Evangelical Lutheran Church in Madhya Pradesh Evangelical Lutheran Church in Southern Africa Evangelical Lutheran Church in Tanzania Evangelical Lutheran Church in the Himalayan States Evangelical Lutheran Church of Finland Evangelical Lutheran Church of Latvia Evangelical Lutheran Church of Papua New Guinea Evangelical Lutheran Free Church of Norway Gossner Evangelical Lutheran Church in Chotanagpur and Assam Indian Evangelical Lutheran Church Jeypore Evangelical Lutheran Church Lutheran Church of Australia Malagasy Lutheran Church Northern Evangelical Lutheran Church Simalungun Protestant Christian Church South Andhra Lutheran Church Tamil Evangelical Lutheran Church North American Lutheran Church Old Apostolic Lutheran Church Radical Pietist edit Main article Radical Pietism Those who separated from established Lutheran churches to form their own denominations are known as Radical Pietists as opposed to Pietistic Lutherans who remain in the Lutheran churches such as the Church of the Lutheran Brethren and combine its emphasis on Biblical doctrine with the importance of individual piety and living a holy Christian life 80 Although the Radical Pietists broke with Lutheranism its influence on Anglicanism in particular John Wesley led to the spawning of the Methodist movement Amana Society Bible Fellowship Church Evangelical Covenant Church Evangelical Free Church Temple Society Templers United Christian Church Reformed edit Main articles Calvinism and List of Reformed denominations Calvinism also known as the Reformed tradition or Reformed Protestantism is a movement which broke from the Catholic Church in the 16th century Calvinism follows the theological traditions set down by John Calvin John Knox and other Reformation era theologians Calvinists differ from Lutherans on the real presence of Christ in the Eucharist theories of worship and the use of God s law for believers among other things There are from 60 to 80 million Christians identifying as Reformed or Calvinist according to statistics gathered in 2018 81 82 83 Continental Reformed churches edit Main article Continental Reformed church Afrikaans Protestant Church Canadian and American Reformed Churches Christian Reformed Church in North America Christian Reformed Church in Sierra Leone Christian Reformed Church in South Africa Christian Reformed Church of Nigeria Christian Reformed Churches Continued Reformed Churches in the Netherlands Christian Reformed Churches of Australia Communion of Reformed Evangelical Churches Dutch Reformed Church joined the Protestant Church in the Netherlands in 2004 Dutch Reformed Church in Botswana Dutch Reformed Church in South Africa NG Church Evangelical and Reformed Church in Honduras Evangelical Reformed Church in Bavaria and Northwestern Germany Evangelical Reformed Church of Christ Federation of Swiss Protestant Churches Free Reformed Churches of Australia Free Reformed Churches of North America Free Reformed Churches of South Africa Heritage Reformed Congregations Huguenot Historical Indonesian Christian Church Lithuanian Evangelical Reformed Church National Union of Independent Reformed Evangelical Churches of France Netherlands Reformed Churches Netherlands Reformed Congregations Nigeria Reformed Church Orthodox Christian Reformed Church Polish Reformed Church Protestant Church in the Netherlands Protestant Church in Western Indonesia Protestant Reformed Christian Church in Croatia Protestant Reformed Church of Luxembourg Protestant Reformed Churches in America Reformed Christian Church in Croatia Reformed Christian Church in Serbia Reformed Church in America Reformed Church in Austria Reformed Church in Hungary Reformed Church in Latvia Reformed Church in Romania Reformed Church in Transcarpathia Reformed Church in the United States Reformed Church of Christ in Nigeria Reformed Church of East Africa Reformed Church of France Reformed Churches in the Netherlands Reformed Churches in the Netherlands Liberated Reformed Churches of New Zealand Reformed Evangelical Church in Myanmar Reformed Synod of Denmark Restored Reformed Church United Church of Christ United Reformed Church United Reformed Church in Congo United Reformed Churches in North America Uniting Reformed Church in Southern Africa Presbyterianism edit Main article Presbyterianism See also List of Presbyterian denominations in North America Africa Evangelical Presbyterian Church Associated Presbyterian Churches Associate Reformed Presbyterian Church Associate Reformed Presbyterian Church of Mexico Bible Presbyterian Church Church of Central Africa Presbyterian Church of Scotland Christian Evangelical Church in Minahasa Communion of Reformed Evangelical Churches Conservative Presbyterian Church in Brazil Costa Rican Evangelical Presbyterian Church Covenant Presbyterian Church Cumberland Presbyterian Church Cumberland Presbyterian Church in America Evangelical Covenant Order of Presbyterians Evangelical Presbyterian Church Australia Evangelical Presbyterian Church in England and Wales Evangelical Presbyterian Church Ghana Evangelical Presbyterian Church of Malawi Evangelical Presbyterian Church of Ukraine Evangelical Presbyterian Church United States Free Church of Scotland Free Church of Scotland Continuing Free Presbyterian Church Australia Free Presbyterian Church of North America Free Presbyterian Church of Scotland Free Presbyterian Church of Ulster Fundamentalist Presbyterian Church in Brazil Grace Presbyterian Church of New Zealand Greek Evangelical Church Independent Presbyterian Church of Brazil International Presbyterian Church National Presbyterian Church in Chile National Presbyterian Church in Mexico National Evangelical Presbyterian Church of Guatemala Orthodox Presbyterian Church Presbyterian Church in America Presbyterian Church in Canada Presbyterian Church in Chile Presbyterian Church in Honduras Presbyterian Church in Ireland Presbyterian Church in Korea HapDong Presbyterian Church in Korea Koshin Presbyterian Church in Korea TongHap Presbyterian Church in Liberia Presbyterian Church in Malaysia Presbyterian Church in Singapore Presbyterian Church in Sudan Presbyterian Church in Taiwan Presbyterian Church in Uganda Presbyterian Church of Africa Presbyterian Church of Aotearoa New Zealand Presbyterian Church of Australia Presbyterian Church of Belize Presbyterian Church of Brazil Presbyterian Church of East Africa Presbyterian Church of Eastern Australia Presbyterian Church of Ghana Presbyterian Church of India Presbyterian Church of Mozambique Presbyterian Church of Nigeria Presbyterian Church of Pakistan Presbyterian Church of the Philippines Presbyterian Church of Wales Presbyterian Church USA Presbyterian Reformed Church Australia Presbyterian Reformed Church North America Reformed Presbyterian Church General Assembly Reformed Presbyterian Church Hanover Presbytery Reformed Presbyterian Church in the United States Reformed Presbyterian Church of Australia Reformed Presbyterian Church of Ireland Reformed Presbyterian Church of Malawi Reformed Presbyterian Church of North America Reformed Presbyterian Church of Scotland Renewed Presbyterian Church in Brazil Southern Presbyterian Church Australia Sudan Evangelical Presbyterian Church United Free Church of Scotland United Presbyterian Church of Brazil United Presbyterian Church of North America United Presbyterian Church of Pakistan Uniting Presbyterian Church in Southern Africa Upper Cumberland Presbyterian Church Westminster Presbyterian Church in the United States Westminster Presbyterian Church of Australia Congregationalism edit Main article Congregational church Church of Niue Church of Tuvalu Congregational Christian Church in American Samoa Congregational Christian Church in Samoa Congregational Christian Churches in Canada Congregational Federation Congregational Federation of Australia Congregational Union of Ireland Congregational Union of New Zealand Conservative Congregational Christian Conference Cook Islands Christian Church English Independents Evangelical Congregational Church in Angola Evangelical Congregational Church in Argentina Evangelical Congregational Church in Brazil Evangelical Fellowship of Congregational Churches Fellowship of Congregational Churches Australia Fellowship of Independent Evangelical Churches Huguenots Kiribati Protestant Church National Association of Congregational Christian Churches Nauru Congregational Church Reformed Congregational Churches Union of Evangelical Congregational Churches in Brazil Union of Evangelical Congregational Churches in Bulgaria United Church in the Solomon Islands United Church of Christ United Church of Christ Congregational in the Marshall Islands United Congregational Church of Southern Africa Anglican edit Main article Anglicanism Anglicanism or Episcopalianism has referred to itself as the via media between Lutheranism and Reformed Christianity 84 as well as between Roman Catholicism and Protestantism 85 86 The majority of Anglicans consider themselves part of the one holy catholic and apostolic Church within the Anglican Communion Anglicans or Episcopalians also self identify as both Catholic and Reformed Although the use of the term Protestant to refer to Anglicans was once common it is controversial today with some rejecting the label and others accepting it Anglicans numbered over 85 million in 2018 87 Anglican Communion edit Anglican Church in Aotearoa New Zealand and Polynesia Anglican Church in Central America Anglican Church in Japan Anglican Church of Australia Anglican Church of Bermuda Anglican Church of Canada Anglican Church of Kenya Anglican Church of Korea Anglican Church of Melanesia Anglican Church of Mexico Anglican Church of Papua New Guinea Anglican Church of South America Anglican Church of Southern Africa Anglican Church of Tanzania Anglican Episcopal Church of Brazil Church in the Province of the West Indies Church in Wales Church of Ceylon Church of England Church of Ireland Church of Nigeria Church of the Province of Central Africa Church of the Province of Myanmar Church of the Province of South East Asia Church of the Province of the Indian Ocean Church of the Province of West Africa Church of Uganda Episcopal Church United States Episcopal Church in Jerusalem and the Middle East Episcopal Church in the Philippines Episcopal Church of Cuba Hong Kong Anglican Church Lusitanian Catholic Apostolic Evangelical Church Parish of the Falkland Islands Province of the Anglican Church of Burundi Province of the Anglican Church of Rwanda Province of the Anglican Church of the Congo Province of the Episcopal Church of South Sudan Province of the Episcopal Church of Sudan Scottish Episcopal Church Spanish Reformed Episcopal ChurchUnited and Uniting churchesChurch of Bangladesh Church of North India Church of Pakistan Church of South India Mar Thoma Syrian Church Protestant Eastern Christian Other Anglican churches and Continuing Anglican movement edit Main article Continuing Anglican movement There are numerous churches following the Anglican tradition that are not in full communion with the Anglican Communion Some churches split due to changes in the Book of Common Prayer and the ordination of women forming Anglo Catholic or Evangelical Anglican communities 88 A select few of these churches are recognized by certain individual provinces of the Anglican Communion African Orthodox Church Anglican Catholic Church Anglican Church in America Anglican Church in Brazil Anglican Church in North America Anglican Church of India Anglican Episcopal Church USA Anglican Mission in the Americas Anglican Orthodox Church Anglican Province of America Anglican Province of Christ the King Christian Episcopal Church Church of England Continuing Church of England in South Africa Communion of Evangelical Episcopal Churches Continuing Evangelical Episcopal Communion Diocese of the Great Lakes Diocese of the Holy Cross Episcopal Missionary Church Evangelical Episcopal Communion Free Church of England Free Protestant Episcopal Church Independent Anglican Church Canada Synod Orthodox Anglican Church Reformed Episcopal Church Southern Episcopal Church United Episcopal Church of North America Anabaptist edit Main article Anabaptists The Anabaptists trace their origins to the Radical Reformation Alternative to other early Protestants Anabaptists were seen as an early offshoot of Protestantism although the view has been challenged by some who Anabaptists 89 There were approximately 2 1 million Anabaptists as of 2015 Union of Congregational Churches in Brazil AmishAmish Mennonite Beachy Amish Kauffman Amish Mennonite Nebraska Amish New Order Amish Old Order Amish Swartzentruber AmishHutteritesDariusleut Lehrerleut SchmiedeleutMennonitesAlliance of Mennonite Evangelical Congregations Biblical Mennonite Alliance Canadian Conference of Mennonite Brethren Churches Chortitzer Mennonite Conference Church of God in Christ Mennonite Holdeman Mennonites Conference of the Mennonite Brethren Churches in India Evangelical Mennonite Church Evangelical Mennonite Conference Evangelical Mennonite Mission Conference Evangelical Missionary Church Fellowship of Evangelical Bible Churches Japan Mennonite Brethren Conference Kleine Gemeinde Markham Waterloo Mennonite Conference Mennonite Brethren Churches Mennonite Church Canada Mennonite Church in the Netherlands Mennonite Church USA Mennonite World Conference Missionary Church Noah Hoover Mennonite Ohio Wisler Mennonite Old Order Mennonites Reformed Mennonite Rosedale Network of Churches Swiss Mennonite Conference US Conference of Mennonite Brethren ChurchesRiver BrethrenBrethren in Christ Church Old Order River Brethren United Zion Church WengeritesSchwarzenau BrethrenThe Brethren Church Ashland Brethren Church of the Brethren Conservative Grace Brethren Churches International Dunkard Brethren Ephrata Cloister Fellowship of Grace Brethren Churches Old Brethren Old Brethren German Baptist Old German Baptist Brethren Old German Baptist Brethren New Conference Old Order German Baptist BrethrenOther AnabaptistsAbecedarians Apostolic Christian Church Bruderhof Charity Christian Fellowship Church of the United Brethren in Christ Schwenkfelders Baptist edit Main article Baptists See also List of Baptist confessions and List of Baptist denominations Baptists emerged as the English Puritans were influenced by the Anabaptists and along with Methodism grew in size and influence after they sailed to the New World the remaining Puritans who traveled to the New World were Congregationalists Some Baptists fit strongly with the Reformed tradition theologically but not denominationally Some Baptists also adopt presbyterian and episcopal forms of governance In 2018 there were about 75 105 million Baptists 81 90 All Ukrainian Union of Churches of Evangelical Christian Baptists Alliance of Baptists American Baptist Association American Baptist Churches USA Association of Baptist Churches in Ireland Association of Reformed Baptist Churches of America Association of Regular Baptist Churches Baptist Bible Fellowship International Baptist Church of Christ Baptist Conference of the Philippines Baptist Convention of Ontario and Quebec Baptist Convention of Western Cuba Baptist Evangelical Christian Union of Italy Baptist General Conference of Canada Baptist General Convention of Texas Baptist General Conference Sweden Baptist Missionary Association of America Baptist Union of Australia Baptist Union of Great Britain Baptist Union of New Zealand Baptist Union of Scotland Baptist Union of Western Canada Brazilian Baptist Convention Canadian Baptist Ministries Canadian Convention of Southern Baptists Central Baptist Association Central Canada Baptist Conference Christian Unity Baptist Association Conservative Baptist Association Conservative Baptist Association of America Continental Baptist Churches Convencion Nacional Bautista de Mexico Convention of Atlantic Baptist Churches Convention of Baptist Churches of Northern Circars Cooperative Baptist Fellowship Council of Baptist Churches in Northeast India European Baptist Federation Evangelical Baptist Mission of South Haiti Fellowship of Evangelical Baptist Churches in Canada Free Will Baptist Church Full Gospel Baptist Church Fellowship Fundamental Baptist Fellowship of America General Association of Baptists General Association of General Baptists General Association of Regular Baptist Churches General Baptists General Conference of the Evangelical Baptist Church Inc General Six Principle Baptists Independent Baptist Independent Baptist Church of America Independent Baptist Fellowship International Independent Baptist Fellowship of North America Interstate amp Foreign Landmark Missionary Baptist Association International Baptist Convention Landmark Baptist Church Liberty Baptist Fellowship Lott Carey Foreign Mission Convention Manipur Baptist Convention Myanmar Baptist Convention Nagaland Baptist Church Council National Association of Free Will Baptists National Baptist Convention of America National Baptist Convention Brazil National Baptist Convention USA National Baptist Evangelical Life and Soul Saving Assembly of the U S A National Missionary Baptist Convention of America National Primitive Baptist Convention of the U S A New England Evangelical Baptist Fellowship New Independent Fundamentalist Baptist Faithful Word Baptist Church Nigerian Baptist Convention North American Baptist Conference North Bank Baptist Christian Association Norwegian Baptist Union Old Baptist Union Old Regular Baptist Old Time Missionary Baptist Primitive Baptist Primitive Baptist Universalism Progressive Baptist Progressive National Baptist Convention Reformed Baptist Regular Baptist Regular Baptist Churches General Association of Russian Union of Evangelical Christians Baptists Samavesam of Telugu Baptist Churches Separate Baptist Separate Baptists in Christ Social Brethren Southeast Conservative Baptist Southern Baptist Convention Southern Baptists of Texas Sovereign Grace Baptists Strict Baptists or Particular Baptists Two Seed in the Spirit Predestinarian Baptists Union d Eglises baptistes francaises au Canada Union of Christian Baptist Churches in Serbia United American Free Will Baptist Church United American Free Will Baptist Conference United Baptist United Baptist Convention of the Atlantic Provinces United Free Will Baptist World Baptist Fellowship Other Baptists edit BapticostalsNazareth Baptist ChurchHoliness BaptistsChristian Baptist Church of God Holiness Baptist AssociationSeventh Day Baptists Spiritual Baptist Methodist edit Main articles Methodism and List of Methodist denominations The Methodist movement emerged out the influence of Pietism within Anglicanism Unlike Baptists also emerging from the Church of England Methodists have retained liturgical worship and other historic Anglican practices including vestments and in some Methodist denominations such as the United Methodist Church the episcopacy Methodists were some of the first Christians to accept women s ordination since the Montanists Some 60 80 million Christians are Methodists and members of the World Methodist Council 81 91 92 African Methodist Episcopal Church African Methodist Episcopal Zion Church British Methodist Episcopal Church Christian Methodist Episcopal Church Congregational Methodist Church Evangelical Church of the Dominican Republic Evangelical Methodist Church First Congregational Methodist Church Free Methodist Church Global Methodist Church Liberation Methodist Connexion Methodist Church in Brazil Methodist Church in India Methodist Church of Fiji and Rotuma Methodist Church of Great Britain Methodist Church of Malaysia Methodist Church of New Zealand Methodist Church of Southern Africa Primitive Methodist Church Southern Methodist Church United Methodist Church Wesleyan Methodist Church Brazil Wesleyan Methodist Church of Australia Holiness movement edit Main article Holiness movement See also Conservative holiness movement The Holiness movement emerged from 19th century Methodism As of 2015 update churches of the movement had an estimated 12 million adherents 93 Free Methodist Church Christ s Sanctified Holy Church Church of Christ Holiness U S A Church of God Anderson Indiana Church of God Holiness Church of God Restoration Church of the Nazarene The Salvation Army Wesleyan Methodist Church Keswickian edit Main article Higher Life movement The Higher Life movement emerged in the United Kingdom and emphasized the importance of sanctification the deeper and higher life 94 It became popularized through the Keswick Conventions W E Boardman s Keswickian theology had an influence on A B Simpson who established the Christian and Missionary Alliance 95 Christian and Missionary AllianceCampbellite and Millerite edit Main articles Adventism Restorationism and Restoration movement See also Christian primitivism and Second Great AwakeningAdventism was a result from the Restoration movement which sought to restore Christianity along the lines of what was known about the apostolic early Church which Restorationists saw as the search for a more pure and ancient form of the religion 96 This idea is also called Christian Primitivism Following the Stone Campbell Restoration Movement William Miller preached the end of the world and the second coming of Christ in 1843 44 Some followers after the failed prediction became the Adventists or Campbellites while other splinter groups eventually became Apocalyptic Restorationists Many of the splinter groups did not subscribe to trinitarian theologies Well known Restorationist groups related in some way to Millerism include the Jehovah s Witnesses World Mission Society Church of God the Restored Church of God and the Kingdom of Jesus Christ There are a little over 7 million Restorationist Christians Stone Campbell Restoration movement edit Christian Church Disciples of Christ Churches of Christ Churches of Christ non institutional Churches of Christ in Australia Evangelical Christian Church in Canada Christian Disciples Independent Christian Churches Churches of Christ International Christian Church International Churches of Christ Adventist movement edit MilleritesSunday observingAdvent Christian Church Church of the Blessed Hope Church of God General ConferenceSaturday observingChurch of God Seventh Day Seventh day Adventist ChurchOther AdventistAdventist Church of Promise Charismatic Adventism Creation Seventh Day Adventist Church Sabbath Rest Advent Church Seventh Day Adventist Reform Movement International Missionary Society of Seventh Day Adventist Church Reform Movement True and Free Seventh day Adventists Shepherd s Rod Branch Davidians United Sabbath Day Adventist Church United Seventh Day Brethren Quaker edit Main article Quakers Quakers or Friends are members of various movements united by their belief in the ability of each human being to experientially access the light within or that of God in every person 97 Conservative Friends Friends United Meeting Evangelical Friends Church International Friends General Conference New Foundation Fellowship Shakers edit ShakersPlymouth Brethren edit Main article Plymouth BrethrenPlymouth Brethren is a conservative low church non conformist evangelical Christian movement whose history can be traced to Dublin Ireland in the late 1820s originating from Anglicanism 98 Exclusive Brethren Indian Brethren Kerala Brethren Assembly Open Brethren Church Assembly Hall one of the Chinese Independent Churches Gospel Hall Brethren or Gospel Hall Assemblies Needed Truth Brethren or The Churches of God Irvingist edit Main article Catholic Apostolic Church The Catholic Apostolic churches were born out of the 1830s revival started in London by the teachings of Edward Irving and out of the resultant Catholic Apostolic Church movement 99 Catholic Apostolic Church New Apostolic Church United Apostolic Church Old Apostolic Church Restored Apostolic Mission Church Pentecostal and Charismatic edit Further information Pentecostalism and Charismatic Christianity See also Oneness Pentecostalism and Gay Apostolic Pentecostals Pentecostalism and Charismatic Christianity began in the 1900s The two movements emphasize direct personal experience of God through baptism with the Holy Spirit They represent some of the largest growing movements in Protestant Christianity 100 As a result of the two movements the Catholic Charismatic Renewal was established According to the Pew Research Center Pentecostals and Charismatics numbered some 280 million people in 2011 77 Alamo Christian Foundation Apostolic Church Apostolic Faith Church Apostolic Faith Mission of South Africa Apostolic Overcoming Holy Church of God Apostolic Pastoral Congress Assemblies of God Associated Brotherhood of Christians Bethany Indonesian Church Brazil for Christ Pentecostal Church C3 Church Global Celestial Church of Christ Charisma Christian Church Christ Gospel Churches International Christian Assemblies International Christian Church of North America Christian Congregation in Brazil Christian Congregation in the United States Christian Open Door Church Church of God by Faith Church of God Charleston Tennessee Church of God Chattanooga Church of God Cleveland Tennessee The Church of God for All Nations Church of God Full Gospel in India Church of God House of Prayer Church of God Huntsville Alabama Church of God in Christ Church of God Jerusalem Acres Church of God Mountain Assembly Church of God of Prophecy Church of God of the Original Mountain Assembly Church of God of the Union Assembly Church of God with Signs Following Congregational Holiness Church CRC Churches International Deeper Life Bible Church Destiny Church Elim Pentecostal Church Evangelical Pentecostal Church of Besancon The Foursquare Church Free Apostolic Church of Pentecost Fire Baptized Holiness Church of God of the Americas God Is Love Pentecostal Church Hillsong Church Igreja Unida Independent Assemblies of God International Indian Pentecostal Church of God Indonesian Bethel Church International Assemblies of God Fellowship International Fellowship of Christian Assemblies International Pentecostal Holiness Church International Pentecostal Church of Christ Jesus Is Lord Church Worldwide Maranatha Christian Church Mount Sinai Holy Church of America New Life Churches Open Bible Standard Churches Pentecostal Assemblies of Canada Pentecostal Assemblies of God of America Pentecostal Church in Indonesia Pentecostal Church of God Pentecostal Free Will Baptist Church The Pentecostal Mission Potter s House Christian Fellowship Redeemed Christian Church of God Revival Centres International The Revival Fellowship Soldiers of the Cross Church United Gospel Tabernacles United Holy Church of America United House of Prayer For All People The Wesleyan Church Other Charismatic movements edit Main article Charismatic movement Calvary Chapel Charismatic Episcopal Church City Harvest Church Every Nation Holy Communion of Churches International Christian Fellowship Jesus Army Ministries Without Borders Sovereign Grace Church Union of Charismatic Orthodox Churches Wesleyan Methodist Church Brazil Neo charismatic movement edit Main article Neo charismatic movement Association of Vineyard Churches Bible Christian Mission Born Again Movement Christ Embassy Church on the Rock International Destiny Church Groningen El Lugar de Su Presencia Fullness of God s Throne Apostolic Church International Grace of God Church New Life Fellowship Association Newfrontiers Reborn in Christ Church Snowball Church Universal Church of the Kingdom of God Worldwide Church of God s Power Uniting and united edit Main article United and uniting churches These united or uniting churches are the result of a merger between distinct denominational churches e g Lutherans Anglicans Presbyterians and the Continental Reformed churches As ecumenism progresses unions between various Protestants are becoming more and more common resulting in a growing number of united and uniting churches Major examples of uniting churches are the United Protestant Church of France 2013 and the Protestant Church in the Netherlands 2004 101 102 Churches are listed here when their disparate heritage marks them as inappropriately listed in the particular categories above China Christian Council Church of Bangladesh Church of North India Church of Pakistan Church of South India Evangelical Association of Reformed and Congregational Christian Churches Evangelical Church of Czech Brethren Federation of Evangelical Churches in Italy Kiribati Uniting Church former Congregationalists Protestant Church in Germany Protestant Church in the Netherlands St Thomas Evangelical Church of India Union of Methodist and Waldensian Churches United Church in Jamaica and the Cayman Islands United Church in Papua New Guinea and the Solomon Islands United Church of Canada United Church of Christ United Church of Christ in Japan United Church of Christ in the Philippines United Protestant Church of France Uniting Church in Australia Free Evangelical churches edit Free Evangelical ChurchesEvangelical edit Main articles Nondenominational Christianity and EvangelicalismThe term Evangelical appears with the reformation and reblossoms in the 18th century and in the 19th century 103 Evangelical Protestantism modernly understood is an inter denominational Protestant movement which maintains the belief that the essence of the Gospel consists of the doctrine of salvation by grace through faith in Jesus Christ s atonement 104 African Evangelicalism edit Evangelical Church of West Africa P ent ay edit Main article P ent ay P ent ay simply known as Ethiopian Eritrean Evangelicalism are a group of indigenous Protestant Eastern Baptist Lutheran Pentecostal and Mennonite denominations in full communion with each other and believe that Ethiopian and Eritrean Evangelicalism are the reformation of the current Orthodox Tewahedo churches as well as the restoration of it to original Ethiopian Christianity They uphold that in order for a person to be saved one has to accept Jesus as their Lord and Savior for the forgiveness of sins and to receive Christ one must be born again dagem meweled 105 Its members make up a significant portion of the 2 million Eastern Protestant tradition Kale Heywet Word of Life Church Ethiopian Evangelical Church Mekane Yesus Place of Jesus Mulu Wongel Full Gospel Believers Church Meserete Kristos Christ Foundation Church Assembly of God Asian initiated churches edit Asian initiated churches are those arising from Chinese and Japanese regions that were formed during repression in authoritarian eras as responses from government crackdowns of their old Christian denominations which were deemed illegal or unrecognized in their countries state atheism or religion Chinese independent churches edit Main article Chinese Independent Churches Local Church movementJapanese independent churches edit Main article Japanese Independent Churches Non church movement Zion Christian Church Japan Malaysian evangelicalism edit Borneo Evangelical Church SIb Malaysia South American evangelicalism edit Evangelical Lutheran Church of Sao Paulo Evangelical Church of the River Plate Evangelical Presbyterian and Reformed Church in PeruEvangelical Free Church denomination international edit Evangelical Free Church of America Evangelical Free Church of Canada Evangelical Free Church of China Hong Kong based Evangelical Free Church of Japan Evangelical Free Church of Malaysia Evangelical Free Church of SingaporeInternet churches edit Main article Internet church LifeChurch tvEastern Protestant edit Main article Eastern Protestant Christianity These churches resulted from a post 1800s reformation of Eastern Christianity in line with Protestant beliefs and practices Evangelical Orthodox Church Mar Thoma Syrian Church St Thomas Evangelical Church of IndiaOther Protestant churches and movements edit These are denominations movements and organizations deriving from mainstream Protestantism but are not classifiable under historic or current Protestant movements nor as parachurch organizations Associated Gospel Churches of Canada AGC Believers Church in India Believers Eastern Church Brunstad Christian Church The Christian Community Church of Christ Instrumental Kelleyites Cooneyites not to be confused with Christian Conventions above Evangelical Covenant Church of America Swedish Evangelical Mission Covenant Evangelical Free Church of America Family International Fellowship of Fundamental Bible Churches Fellowship of Independent Evangelical Churches Global United Fellowship Gloriavale Christian Community Grace Movement Churches Great Commission Association Indian Shakers Inspirationalists Amana Church Society Jesus Movement Local Churches Methernitha Metropolitan Community Churches Remonstrants Shiloh Youth Revival Centers Universal Life Universal Alliance The Way International The African Church Apostles of Johane Maranke Christ Apostolic Church Church of the Lord Aladura Eternal Sacred Order of Cherubim and Seraphim Kimbanguist Church Zion Christian Church Early modern England edit Nonconformist English DissentersMiscellaneous editThe following are independent and non mainstream movements denominations and organizations formed during various times in the history of Christianity by splitting from mainline Catholicism Eastern or Oriental Orthodoxy or Protestantism not classified in the previous lists Independent Russian edit Doukhobors Imiaslavie Onomatodoxy InochentismSouthcottist edit Main article Southcottism Christian Israelite Church House of David commune Panacea SocietyChristian Identitist edit Main article Christian Identity Assembly of Christian Soldiers Church of Israel Schell City Missouri Church of Jesus Christ Christian Aryan Nations The Covenant The Sword and the Arm of the Lord Kingdom Identity Ministries Harrison Arkansas Independent Isolated edit House of Aaron Holy Spirit Association for the Unification of World Christianity HSA UWC Unification Church Unification Movement Sanban Puren Pai The Process Church of The Final Judgment Trinitarian Universalism Brotherhood Church United House of Prayer for All People Lord s Resistance Army Mita Congregation USA Puerto Rico Olive Tree and related South Korean New Religious Movements such as Shincheonji and Victory Altar Taiping Heavenly Kingdom Twelve Tribes communities Nontrinitarian edit Main article Nontrinitarianism These groups or organizations diverge from historic trinitarian theology usually based on the Council of Nicaea with different interpretations of Nontrinitarianism Oneness Pentecostalism edit Main article Oneness Pentecostalism Affirming Pentecostal Church International Apostolic Assemblies of Christ Apostolic Assembly of the Faith in Christ Jesus Apostolic Church of Pentecost Apostolic Gospel Church of Jesus Christ Apostolic Overcoming Holy Church of God Assemblies of the Lord Jesus Christ Bible Way Church of Our Lord Jesus Christ Church of Our Lord Jesus Christ of the Apostolic Faith Church of the Lord Jesus Christ Global Alliance of Affirming Apostolic Pentecostals Jesus Miracle Crusade Jesus Name Apostolic Church of Ecuador Pentecostal Assemblies of Jesus Christ Pentecostal Assemblies of the World Pentecostal Churches of Christ True Jesus Church United Pentecostal Church International Unitarian and Universalism edit Main articles Unitarianism and Christian Universalism American Unitarian Association consolidated with the Universalist Church of America to form the Unitarian Universalist Association and Unitarian Universalism Unitarian Universalist Christian Fellowship International Council of Unitarians and Universalists General Assembly of Unitarian and Free Christian Churches Unitarian Christian Association Unitarian Church of Transylvania Unitarisk Kirkesamfund Polish Brethren Socinianism Unitarian Christian Conference USA Unitarian Christian Emerging Church Universalist Church of America consolidated with the American Unitarian Association to form the Unitarian Universalist Association and Unitarian Universalism Nontrinitarian Restorationism edit Swedenborgianism edit Main article The New Church General Church of the New Jerusalem Lord s New Church Which Is Nova Hierosolyma Swedenborgian Church of North America Latter Day Saint movement edit Main articles Latter Day Saint movement and Mormonism See also List of denominations in the Latter Day Saint movement and Mormonism and Christianity Most Latter Day Saint denominations are derived from the Church of Christ established by Joseph Smith in 1830 The largest worldwide denomination of this movement and the one publicly recognized as Mormonism is the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter day Saints Some sects known as the Prairie Saints broke away because they did not recognize Brigham Young as the head of the church and did not follow him West in the mid 1800s Other sects broke away over the abandonment of practicing plural marriage after the 1890 Manifesto Other denominations are defined by either a belief in Joseph Smith as a prophet or acceptance of the Book of Mormon as scripture The Latter Day Saints comprise a little over 16 million members collectively 106 Church of Christ Latter Day Saints Prairie Saint Latter Day Saints edit Church of Christ Temple Lot Hedrickites Church of Christ with the Elijah Message The Church of Jesus Christ Bickertonite Church of Jesus Christ Cutlerite Church of Jesus Christ of Latter Day Saints Strangite Community of Christ Remnant Church of Jesus Christ of Latter Day Saints Independent RLDS Restoration Branches Restoration Church of Jesus Christ of Latter Day Saints Restored Church of Jesus Christ Eugene O Walton Rocky Mountain Latter Day Saints edit The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter day Saints Fundamentalist Rocky Mountain Latter Day Saints edit Main article Mormon fundamentalism Apostolic United Brethren Fundamentalist Church of Jesus Christ of Latter Day Saints FLDS Latter Day Church of Christ Kingston Clan The True and Living Church of Jesus Christ of Saints of the Last Days Other Latter Day Saint denominations edit Fellowships of the Remnant Restoration Church of Jesus Christ extinct British Israelism edit Armstrongism Worldwide Church of God British Israel World FederationWorldwide Church of God splinter groups edit Church of God International United States Intercontinental Church of God Living Church of God Philadelphia Church of God Restored Church of God United Church of God United Seventh Day Brethren Bible Students and splinter groups edit Main article Bible Student movement Christian Millennial Fellowship Dawn Bible Students Association Friends of Man Jehovah s Witnesses Laymen s Home Missionary Movement Pastoral Bible Institute Other Nontrinitarian restorationists edit Iglesia ni Cristo Church of Christ Kingdom of Jesus Christ Jesus Miracle Crusade La Luz del Mundo Members Church of God InternationalChristian Science edit Main article Christian Science Church of Christ Scientist Eschatology religious movement Esoteric Christianity Gnosticism edit Main articles Esoteric Christianity and Western esotericism Anthroposophical Society Archeosophical Society Behmenism The Christian Community Ecclesia Gnostica Lectorium Rosicrucianum Martinism Metropolitan Spiritual Churches of Christ The Rosicrucian Fellowship Societas Rosicruciana Spiritualist Church Theosophy Universal White Brotherhood Other Nontrinitarians edit Antoinism Christadelphians Church of the Blessed Hope Church of God Seventh Day The Church of Almighty God Family Federation for World Peace and Unification World Peace and Unification Sanctuary Church Spiritual Christians from Russia Tolstoyan movement Two by Twos Christian Conventions United Church of God Universal Alliance World Mission Society Church of God Judeo Christian edit Main articles Judaizers and Judeo Christian See also Messianic Jewish theology and List of Sabbath keeping churches Messianic Judaism edit Chosen People Ministries Hebrew Christian movement International Messianic Jewish Alliance Jews for Jesus Messianic Jewish Alliance of America Union of Messianic Jewish Congregations Black Hebrew Israelites edit Main article Black Hebrew Israelites African Hebrew Israelites of Jerusalem Beth Shalom Church of God and Saints of Christ Church of God and Saints of Christ Orthodox Christianity Commandment Keepers Israelite Church of God in Jesus Christ Israelite School of Universal Practical Knowledge Nation of Yahweh Caucasian Albanian Orthodox edit Albanian Udi Church registered as an official church in Azerbaijan Other groups edit Assemblies of Yahweh Eustathians Hebrew Roots Makuya Sacred Name Movement Stephanites Subbotniks YehowistsParachurch editMain articles Ecumenism and Parachurch organization Parachurch organizations are Christian faith based organizations that work outside and across denominations to engage in social welfare and evangelism These organizations are not churches but work with churches or represent a coalition of churches Action of Churches Together in Scotland Bose Monastic Community Byzantine Discalced Carmelites Campus Crusade for Christ Canadian Council of Churches Christian Churches Together in the USA Churches Together in Britain and Ireland Churches Together in England Churches Uniting in Christ Conference of European Churches Ecumenical Institute for Study and Dialogue Edinburgh Churches Together Fellowship of Saint Alban and Saint Sergius Intervarsity Christian Fellowship Iona Community National Council of the Churches of Christ in the U S A New Independent Fundamentalist Baptist New Monasticism related Communities Pentecostal Charismatic Peace Fellowship Dicastery for Promoting Christian Unity Reasons to Believe Scripture Union Society of Ordained Scientists Stand to Reason Taize Community The Gospel Coalition World Alliance of Reformed Churches World Council of Churches World Evangelical Alliance World Student Christian Federation Young Life Youth for Christ Youth with a MissionIdeologies editMain article List of Christian movements A Christian movement is a theological political or philosophical interpretation of Christianity that is not necessarily represented by a specific church sect or denomination 24 7 Prayer Movement Arianism Semi Arianism Arminianism British Israelism British New Church Movement Calvinism Campbellism Charismatic movement Christian anarchism Christian atheism Christian communism Christian democracy Distributism Social Credit Christian existentialism Christian Family Movement Christian feminism Christian Identity White Supremacist Christian left Christian nationalism Christian naturism Christian pacifism Christian right Christian socialism Christian Torah observance Christian vegetarianism Christian Zionism Confessing Church Confessing Movement Continual Prayer Movement Convergence Movement Countercult Movement Creationism Old Earth Creationism Young Earth Creationism Evolutionary creationism Neo Creationism Intelligent design movement Emerging Church Movement Evangelicalism Gnosticism Green Christianity House church or Simple church Chinese house churches Jesus movement Judaizers LGBT and denominations Liberation theology Black Dalit Latin American Palestinian Lutheranism Marcionism Millerism Neo orthodoxy Neo charismatic Neo Reformed Paleo orthodoxy Pelagianism Semi Pelagianism Positive Christianity Nazi German Christians movement Nazi Postmodern Christianity Progressive Christianity Liberal Christianity Prosperity theology Queer theology Quiverfull Restorationism Shepherding movement WesleyanismSyncretic editMain article Syncretism See also Folk Catholicism and Folk Orthodoxy The relation of these movements to other Christian ideas can be remote They are listed here because they include some elements of Christian practice or beliefs within religious contexts which may be only loosely characterized as Christian African diaspora religions edit African diaspora religions are a number of related religions that developed in the Americas in various nations of the Caribbean Latin America and the Southern United States They derive from traditional African religions with some influence from other religious traditions notably Christianity and Islam Examples incorporating elements of Christianity include but are not limited to Candomble Rastafari Santeria Santo Daime Umbanda Voodoo Brazilian Vodum Tambor de Mina a syncretic religion that developed in northern Brazil Cuban Vodu Dominican Vudu Haitian Vodou Hoodoo Louisiana Voodoo New Thought edit Main article New Thought The relation of New Thought to Christianity is not defined as exclusive some of its adherents see themselves as solely practicing Christianity while adherents of Religious Science say yes and no to the question of whether they consider themselves to be Christian in belief and practice leaving it up to the individual to define oneself spiritually Church of Divine Science Church of the Truth Home of Truth The Infinite Way Psychiana Religious Science Seicho no Ie Unity Church Universal Foundation for Better Living Other syncretists edit Other Christian or Christian influenced syncretic traditions and movements include Alleluia church Bwiti Some sects Burkhanism Cao Đai Chrislam Christopaganism Cults of many folk saints such as Santa Muerte and Maximon Dōkai Ghost Dance Kakure Kirishitans Longhouse Religion Mama Tata Modekngei Native American Church Pai Marire and other syncretic Maori religions Pilgrims of Ares Pomio Kivung Xueta Christianity Some Rizalista religious movements Historical movements with strong syncretic influence from Christianity but no active modern membership include Antonianism God Worshipping Society PulahanSee also edit nbsp Christianity portalDenominationalism East West Schism Eastern Christianity List of Christian denominations by number of members List of current Christian leaders List of the largest Protestant denominations List of religions and spiritual traditions List of religious organizations Timeline of Christianity Western ChristianityReferences edit Eastern Christianity and Western Christianity courses lumenlearning com Retrieved 3 May 2020 Ecumenism Anglican Communion Website Retrieved 3 May 2020 a b The WCC as a Fellowship of Churches www oikoumene org Retrieved 3 May 2020 On Christian Unity and Ecumenism www oca org Retrieved 17 February 2020 Ecumenical www usccb org Retrieved 17 February 2020 History of the World Council of Churches Encyclopedia Britannica Retrieved 15 April 2020 Riswold Caryn D 1 October 2009 Feminism and Christianity Questions and Answers in the Third Wave Wipf and Stock Publishers ISBN 978 1 62189 053 9 Gao Ronnie Chuang Rang Sawatsky Kevin 7 February 2023 Motivations in Faith Based Organizations Houston Christian University Retrieved 22 November 2023 For example Christianity comprises six major groups Church of the East Oriental Orthodoxy Eastern Orthodoxy Roman Catholicism Protestantism and Restorationism a b Encyclopedia of World Religions Encyclopaedia Britannica 2008 ISBN 978 1 59339 491 2 Amid all this diversity however it is possible to define Protestantism formally as non Roman Western Christianity and to divide most of Protestantism into four major confessions or confessional families Lutheran Anglican Reformed and Free Church The New Encyclopaedia Britannica Encyclopaedia Britannica 1987 p 244 ISBN 978 0 85229 443 7 Brewer Brian C 30 December 2021 T amp T Clark Handbook of Anabaptism Bloomsbury Publishing p 564 ISBN 978 0 567 68950 4 Lewis Paul W Mittelstadt Martin William 27 April 2016 What s So Liberal about the Liberal Arts Integrated Approaches to Christian Formation Wipf and Stock Publishers ISBN 978 1 4982 3145 9 The Second Great Awakening 1790 1840 spurred a renewed interest in primitive Christianity What is known as the Restoration Movement of the nineteenth century gave birth to an array of groups Mormons The Latter Day Saint Movement the Churches of Christ Adventists and Jehovah s Witnesses Though these groups demonstrate a breathtaking diversity on the continuum of Christianity they share an intense restorationist impulse Picasso and Stravinsky reflect a primitivism that came to the fore around the turn of the twentieth century that more broadly has been characterized as a retreat from the industrialized world Bloesch Donald G 2 December 2005 The Holy Spirit Works Gifts InterVarsity Press p 158 ISBN 978 0 8308 2755 8 Spinks Bryan D 2 March 2017 Reformation and Modern Rituals and Theologies of Baptism From Luther to Contemporary Practices Routledge ISBN 978 1 351 90583 1 However Swedenborg claimed to receive visions and revelations of heavenly things and a New Church and the new church which was founded upon his writings was a Restorationist Church The three nineteenth century churches are all examples of Restorationist Churches which believed they were refounding the Apostolic Church and preparing for the Second Coming of Christ Lewis Paul W Mittelstadt Martin William 27 April 2016 What s So Liberal about the Liberal Arts Integrated Approaches to Christian Formation Wipf and Stock Publishers ISBN 978 1 4982 3145 9 The Second Great Awakening 1790 1840 spurred a renewed interest in primitive Christianity What is known as the Restoration Movement of the nineteenth century gave birth to an array of groups Mormons The Latter Day Saint Movement the Churches of Christ Adventists and Jehovah s Witnesses Though these groups demonstrate a breathtaking diversity on the continuum of Christianity they share an intense restorationist impulse Picasso and Stravinsky reflect a primitivism that came to the fore around the turn of the twentieth century that more broadly has been characterized as a retreat from the industrialized world Ballantine Jeanne H Roberts Keith A 17 November 2008 Our Social World Introduction to Sociology Pine Forge Press p 400 ISBN 978 1 4129 6818 8 Dominus Iesus Vatican va Retrieved 14 September 2017 a b The Original Christian Church oca org Retrieved 5 September 2018 History of the Orthodox Church www goarch org Retrieved 26 August 2020 The differences between the Catholic and Orthodox churches The Economist Retrieved 5 September 2018 a b Presentazione dell Annuario Pontificio 2018 e dell Annuarium Statisticum Ecclesiae 2016 press vatican va Retrieved 4 September 2018 What is the United Church of Christ United Church of Christ Retrieved 3 May 2020 Gunnemann Louis H Rooks Charles Shelby 1999 The shaping of the United Church of Christ an essay in the history of American Christianity Internet Archive Cleveland Ohio United Church Press ISBN 9780829813456 a b Catholic Rites and Churches www ewtn com Retrieved 5 September 2018 Fragmentation of the primitive Christian movement Religious Tolerance retrieved 14 September 2017 Trafton Jennifer Colossanov Rebecca Gnostics Did You Know Christian History Retrieved 17 September 2020 Early Christian History retrieved 14 September 2017 a b Hill Henry 1988 Light from the East A Symposium on the Oriental Orthodox and Assyrian Churches Anglican Book Centre ISBN 9780919891906 Wilmshurst David 2000 The Ecclesiastical Organisation of the Church of the East 1318 1913 Peeters Publishers ISBN 9789042908765 Silverberg Robert 1972 The realm of Prester John Doubleday Hall Christopher A 16 August 2002 Learning Theology with the Church Fathers InterVarsity Press ISBN 9780830826865 Frazee Charles A 22 June 2006 Catholics and Sultans The Church and the Ottoman Empire 1453 1923 Cambridge University Press ISBN 9780521027007 L Orient syrien in French 1966 The Patriarchs of the Church of the East from the Fifteenth to Eighteenth Centuries PDF The Syriac Institute Archived from the original PDF on 23 September 2015 Retrieved 5 September 2018 Mar Thoma Syrian Church of Malabar www oikoumene org January 1948 Retrieved 5 September 2018 a b Holy Apostolic Catholic Assyrian Church of the East www oikoumene org January 1948 Retrieved 5 September 2018 Baumer Christoph 28 April 2006 The Church of the East An Illustrated History of Assyrian Christianity I B Tauris ISBN 1 84511 115 X The Eastern Catholic Churches 2016 PDF Catholic Near East Welfare Association Archived from the original PDF on 20 October 2016 Retrieved 5 September 2018 Baumer Christoph 2006 The Church of the East An Illustrated History of Assyrian Christianity 1st ed London England United Kingdom I B Tauris p 272 ISBN 1 84511 115 X Lamport Mark A 2018 Encyclopedia of Christianity in the Global South Rowman amp Littlefield p 601 ISBN 978 1 4422 7157 9 Today these churches are also referred to as the Oriental Orthodox Churches and are made up of 50 million Christians Orthodox Christianity in the 21st Century Pew Research Center s Religion amp Public Life Project 8 November 2017 Oriental Orthodoxy has separate self governing jurisdictions in Ethiopia Egypt Eritrea India Armenia and Syria and it accounts for roughly 20 of the worldwide Orthodox population a b c Orthodox churches Oriental www oikoumene org The Popular Encyclopedia of Church History Harvest House Publishers 2013 p 108 ISBN 978 0 7369 4806 7 The Sacraments in the Life of the Church www christianunity va Retrieved 23 February 2024 Jeffrey Gros Harding Meyer William G Rusch eds 2000 Growth in Agreement II Reports and Agreed Statements of Ecumenical Conversations at World Level 1982 1998 Michigan World Council of Churches Standing Conference of Oriental Orthodox Churches Retrieved 23 February 2024 Joint announcement from the Coptic Orthodox Church in the United Kingdom and the British Orthodox Church of the British Isles British Orthodox Church Retrieved 23 February 2024 McAuliffe Garrett 2008 Culturally Alert Counseling A Comprehensive Introduction SAGE Publishing p 532 ISBN 978 1 4129 1006 4 About one third of the world s population is considered Christian and can be divided into three main branches 1 Roman Catholicism the largest coherent group representing over one billion baptized members 2 Orthodox Christianity including Eastern Orthodoxy and Oriental Orthodoxy and 3 Protestantism comprising many denominations and schools of thought including Anglicanism Reformed Presbyterianism Lutheranism Methodism Evangelicalism and Pentecostalism Mirola William Monahan Susanne C 2016 Religion Matters What Sociology Teaches Us About Religion In Our World London and New York City Routledge ISBN 978 1 317 34451 3 Orthodox Churches represent one of the three major branches of Christianity along with Roman Catholicism and Protestantism About the Greek Orthodox Archdiocese of America www goarch org Retrieved 2 June 2018 Eastern and Orthodox by Tom Shoemaker www mesacc edu Retrieved 22 July 2020 Great Schism National Geographic Society 6 April 2020 Retrieved 22 July 2020 Orthodox Christianity in the 21st Century Pew Research Center s Religion amp Public Life Project 8 November 2017 Eastern Orthodoxy is split into 15 jurisdictions heavily centered in Central and Eastern Europe accounting for the remaining 80 of Orthodox Christians Status of Global Christianity 2019 in the Context of 1900 2050 PDF Center for the Study of Global Christianity Who Are Eastern Orthodox Christians and What Do They Believe ThoughtCo Archived from the original on 5 June 2016 Retrieved 4 September 2018 Statement of the Holy Synod of the Russian Orthodox Church 8 November 2000 Russian Orthodox Church archive mospat ru Archived from the original on 12 June 2018 Retrieved 3 May 2020 CNEWA The Estonian Apostolic Orthodox Church cnewa org Retrieved 3 May 2020 Statement by the Holy Synod of the Russian Orthodox Church concerning the encroachment of the Patriarchate of Constantinople on the canonical territory of the Russian Church The Russian Orthodox Church Retrieved 3 May 2020 MacFarquhar Neil 15 October 2018 Russia Takes Further Step Toward Major Schism in Orthodox Church The New York Times ISSN 0362 4331 Retrieved 3 May 2020 Beokovic Jelena 1 May 2010 Ko su ziloti pravoslavni fundamentalisti Who are Zealots Orthodox Fundamentalists Politika Retrieved 5 August 2014 Responses to Some Questions Regarding Certain Aspects of the Doctrine on the Church Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith Catechism of the Catholic Church Vatican City Catholic Church 2002 pp 77 861 The Pontifical Yearbook 2017 and the Annuarium Statisticum Ecclesiae 2015 press vatican va Retrieved 2 June 2018 Anthony Dragani From East to West The beautiful witness of the Eastern Catholic Churches Catholic Herald 7 March 2019 Retrieved 18 September 2020 Dominique Marie Varlet www britishmuseum org Retrieved 6 September 2020 Varlet Dominique Marie 1 January 1986 Domestic Correspondence of Dominique Marie Varlet Bishop of Babylon 1678 1742 in French BRILL ISBN 978 90 04 07671 6 The Validity of Old Catholic Church Sacraments Catholic Answers Retrieved 23 February 2024 Protestant I 2 a Oxford English Dictionary The Solas of the Reformation PDF Lmsusa org Christianity HISTORY Retrieved 26 August 2020 World Council of Churches Evangelical churches Evangelical churches have grown exponentially in the second half of the 20th century and continue to show great vitality especially in the global South This resurgence may in part be explained by the phenomenal growth of Pentecostalism and the emergence of the charismatic movement which are closely associated with evangelicalism However there can be no doubt that the evangelical tradition per se has become one of the major components of world Christianity Evangelicals also constitute sizable minorities in the traditional Protestant and Anglican churches In regions like Africa and Latin America the boundaries between evangelical and mainline are rapidly changing and giving way to new ecclesial realities Pewforum Christianity 2010 PDF Archived from the original PDF on 5 August 2013 Christianity 2015 Religious Diversity and Personal Contact PDF gordonconwell edu Archived from the original PDF on 25 May 2017 Member Churches The Lutheran World Federation 19 May 2013 Retrieved 5 September 2018 About Us Lutheran Church of New Zealand Retrieved 5 September 2018 a b Christian Traditions Pew Research Center s Religion amp Public Life Project 19 December 2011 Retrieved 19 April 2020 Melton J Gordon Baumann Martin 21 September 2010 Religions of the World A Comprehensive Encyclopedia of Beliefs and Practices 2nd Edition 6 volumes ABC CLIO ISBN 978 1 59884 204 3 News and Events eecmy org Archived from the original on 11 February 2017 Retrieved 17 July 2020 Pietism and the Brethren www cob net org Retrieved 17 July 2020 a b c Christian Traditions Protestant Pew Research Center s Religion amp Public Life Project 19 December 2011 Retrieved 4 September 2018 About The World Communion of Reformed Churches WCRC World Communion of Reformed Churches WCRC 27 October 2014 Archived from the original on 27 October 2014 Retrieved 4 September 2018 Brown Andrew 27 May 2009 Chinese Calvinism flourishes Andrew Brown The Guardian Anglican and Episcopal History Historical Society of the Episcopal Church 2003 p 15 Others had made similar observations Patrick McGrath commenting that the Church of England was not a middle way between Roman Catholic and Protestant but between different forms of Protestantism and William Monter describing the Church of England as a unique style of Protestantism a via media between the Reformed and Lutheran traditions MacCulloch has described Cranmer as seeking a middle way between Zurich and Wittenberg but elsewhere remarks that the Church of England was nearer Zurich and Geneva than Wittenberg Bevins Winfield 30 January 2018 Whatever happened to the Anglican Via Media Anglican Compass Retrieved 3 May 2020 Via Media Episcopal Church 22 May 2012 Retrieved 3 May 2020 Member Churches www anglicancommunion org Anglican Communion Office Retrieved 4 September 2018 Fellowship of Concerned Churchmen Directory of Jurisdictions 31 January 2015 Archived from the original on 31 January 2015 Retrieved 17 July 2020 Winckelmann Johann Joachim 1808 Winckelmann s Werke in German Walther McHatton Misti Baptist World Alliance community christianemergencynetwork org Archived from the original on 19 August 2014 Retrieved 4 September 2018 Member Churches World Methodist Council 20 August 2012 Retrieved 4 September 2018 Membership www methodist org uk Retrieved 4 September 2018 Holiness churches World Council of Churches www oikoumene org Retrieved 5 September 2018 Sanner A Elwood Harper Albert Foster 1978 Exploring Christian Education Beacon Hill Press of Kansas City p 101 ISBN 978 0 8341 0494 5 Burgess Stanley M Maas Eduard M van der 3 August 2010 The New International Dictionary of Pentecostal and Charismatic Movements Revised and Expanded Edition Zondervan ISBN 978 0 310 87335 8 A B Simpson founder of the Christian and Missionary Alliance CMA influenced by A J Gordon and W E Boardman adopted a Keswickian understanding of sanctification Mannion Gerard Mudge Lewis Seymour 2008 The Routledge companion to the Christian church Routledge p 634 ISBN 978 0 415 37420 0 Fox George Parker Percy Livingstone Nicoll W Robertson William Robertson 1903 George Fox s Journal University of Michigan London Isbister and company limited Arquivo pt arquivo pt Archived from the original on 18 May 2016 Retrieved 19 April 2020 Catholic Apostolic Church InfoPlease Retrieved 5 September 2018 Spirit and Power A 10 Country Survey of Pentecostals Pew Research Center s Religion amp Public Life Project 5 October 2006 Retrieved 19 April 2020 United Protestant Church of France www oikoumene org Retrieved 17 July 2020 Protestant Church in the Netherlands www oikoumene org January 1948 Retrieved 17 July 2020 Kidd Thomas 20 March 2018 When Did Evangelical Christianity Begin The Gospel Coalition Retrieved 30 January 2020 Glossary Operation World www operationworld org Retrieved 6 September 2018 Evangelical Church Fellowship of Ethiopia www ecfethiopia org Retrieved 19 July 2019 15 Million Member Milestone Announced at LDS Church Conference www mormonnewsroom org 5 October 2013 Retrieved 5 September 2018 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title List of Christian denominations amp oldid 1218717646, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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