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American Carpatho-Russian Orthodox Diocese

December 31, 2022

Coordinates: 40°20′59″N 78°56′47″W / 40.34972°N 78.94639°W / 40.34972; -78.94639

The American Carpatho-Russian Orthodox Diocese of North America (ACROD) is a diocese of the Ecumenical Patriarchate with 78 parishes in the United States and Canada. Though the diocese is directly responsible to the Patriarchate, it is under the spiritual supervision of the Primate of the Greek Orthodox Archdiocese of America.

The diocese was led by Metropolitan Nicholas Smisko of Amissos (1936–2011). The current leader is the Metropolitan of Nyssa, Gregory Tatsis, who was consecrated on November 27, 2012.

History

 
The entrance to the Church of St. Nicholas of Myra in the East Village of Manhattan, New York City, designed by James Renwick, Jr. and W. H. Russell in 1883 as a chapel for St. Mark's Church in-the-Bowery but now part of the ACROD.[1]

At the end of the nineteenth century, many East Slavs immigrated to North America. They were Christians, some of them belonging to Eastern Orthodoxy, while others were Eastern Catholics of the Byzantine Rite. In Catholic terminology, East-Slavic form of the Byzantine Rite was known as the Ruthenian Rite, and thus the same Ruthenian designation was applied to East Slavs of that rite.[2][3]

At that time, there were no Eastern Catholic jurisdictions in North America, and thus the first Eastern Catholic parishes were formed under jurisdiction of local Catholic bishops of the Latin Church. The Roman Catholic hierarchs, mostly Irish and Polish, however, did not readily welcome Eastern Catholics of the Ruthenian Rite, fearing the "scandal" that the presence of married priests would have on their own flock.[4]

Oppression of the Eastern Catholics of the Byzantine Rite by the bishops of the predominant Latin Rite Catholics, especially regarding a married priesthood and the form of the Divine Liturgy or Mass, led some of them out of Catholicism and into the Eastern Orthodox Church. A particularly strident opponent of non-Latin practices was John Ireland the Archbishop of St. Paul, Minnesota from 1888–1918, who refused to permit Eastern Catholic clergy to function in his archdiocese.[5]

The diocese was founded in 1938 when a group of 37 Ruthenian Eastern Catholic parishes, under the leadership of Fr. Orestes Chornock, were received into the jurisdiction of the Ecumenical Patriarchate. The year before, this group had officially renounced the Unia with the Holy See, primarily in protest over the Liturgical Latinisation occurring in their church life. A particularly divisive issue was the 1929 papal decree Cum data fuerit issued by Pope Pius XI which mandated that Eastern Rite clergy in the US were to be celibate.[6][7][8]

This move actually marked the second North American group of Ruthenian-Rite Catholic parishes to return to Eastern Orthodoxy. The first had been led by St. Alexis Toth of Wilkes-Barre into the jurisdiction of the Russian Metropolia in the 1890s.[9] Notably, this second large-scale conversion to Eastern Orthodoxy by Ruthenian-Rite Catholics was directed toward Constantinople rather than to the Russian presence in North America.

This was primarily motivated out of concerns for preservation of a specific identity, since many among Ruthenian-Rite Catholics self-identified as Rusyns, and wanted to keep their distinctive identity,[10] thus opposing Russification, which had occurred with the previous move. As such, rather than being absorbed into the body of Russian churches, and so being compelled to adopt Muscovite traditions, the ACROD was permitted by Constantinople to keep its distinctive Rusyn practices. Thus, the hymnography in the typical Ruthenian Prostopinije-chant[11] and liturgical forms, including the particular form of Old Church Slavonic used in the divine services, were preserved, while certain Latin Rite practices, such as the addition of the Filioque clause to the Nicene Creed, were removed.

 
Christ the Saviour Cathedral in Johnstown, Pennsylvania

Organization

In 2006, the ACROD had 14,372 members in 78 parishes and five missions.[12] The bulk of the diocese's parishes are in 13 states in the eastern United States, with two parishes and two missions in Ontario; nearly half of the parishes are located in Pennsylvania.

There used to be two monasteries in the diocese: the Monastery of the Annunciation, in Tuxedo Park, New York which closed in the early 1990s,[citation needed] and the Monastery of the Holy Cross, at Beallsville, Maryland which dissolved in the late 1990s when its abbot converted to Ruthenian (Byzantine Rite) Catholicism.[13]

The diocese is a member of the Assembly of Canonical Orthodox Bishops of the United States of America.

Christ the Saviour Seminary

The Christ the Savior Seminary is part of the diocese. It is located in Johnstown, Pennsylvania. The seminary was founded by the first bishop of the diocese, Orestes (Chornock), in 1940. The seminary, at first, not having a permanent home, moved and held classes in a number of northeastern United States cities, including New York City; Nicholson, Pennsylvania; and Bridgeport, Connecticut. In 1951, the diocese acquired the Strayer Mansion in Johnstown, Pennsylvania, that became the home of the seminary. The building has been developed to include class and lecture rooms and dining and recreation facilities, as well as a library and bookstore.[14]

The main purpose of the seminary is to train priests for the ACROD and other Orthodox dioceses in the United States, as well as in foreign countries. The seminary places emphasis on pastorally-oriented training. It was approved in 1960 by the Pennsylvania State Council of Education to grant a Bachelor of Theology degree. The seminary has tailored curricula for five classifications of candidates: a three-year Bachelor of Theology program for students who already have baccalaureate degrees, a Licentiate of Theology diploma late vocations program for those without a previous undergraduate degree, and a special admissions program for individuals who do not intend to be ordained to the Orthodox clergy.[14]

Ruling bishops

References

  1. ^ Dunlap, David W. (2004). From Abyssinian to Zion: A Guide to Manhattan's Houses of Worship. New York: Columbia University Press. ISBN 0-231-12543-7., p.234
  2. ^ Shipman 1912a, p. 276–277.
  3. ^ Shipman 1912b, p. 277–279.
  4. ^ Barringer, Lawrence (1985). Good Victory. Brookline, Massachusetts: Holy Cross Orthodox Press. pp. 22–23. ISBN 0-917651-13-8.
  5. ^ Tarasar, Constance, ed. (1975). Orthodox America: 1794–1976. Syosset, New York: Orthodox Church in America. pp. 50–51.
  6. ^ Barringer. pp. 102–103
  7. ^ Marti 2009, p. 470.
  8. ^ Magocsi 2015, p. 245–246.
  9. ^ Dyrud 1992, p. 65–66.
  10. ^ Magocsi 2015, p. 246–247.
  11. ^ "American Carpatho-Russian Orthodox Diocese of North America | Plain Chant Hymns". www.acrod.org.
  12. ^ Data from the National Council of Churches' 2008 Yearbook of American & Canadian Churches
  13. ^ . omna.malf.net. Archived from the original on 2001-05-16.
  14. ^ a b "American Carpatho-Russian Orthodox Diocese of North America | Seminary". www.acrod.org.

Sources

  • Barriger, Lawrence (2000). Glory to Jesus Christ: A History of the American Carpatho-Russian Orthodox Diocese. Brookline, MA: Holy Cross Orthodox Press. ISBN 1885652445.
  • Dyrud, Keith P. (1992). The Quest for the Rusyn Soul: The Politics of Religion and Culture in Eastern Europe and in America, 1890-World War I. Philadelphia: Balch Institute Press. ISBN 9780944190104.
  • Magocsi, Paul R.; Pop, Ivan I., eds. (2005) [2002]. Encyclopedia of Rusyn History and Culture (2. rev. ed.). Toronto: University of Toronto Press.
  • Magocsi, Paul R. (2015). With Their Backs to the Mountains: A History of Carpathian Rus' and Carpatho-Rusyns. Budapest-New York: Central European University Press. ISBN 9786155053467.
  • Marti, Federico (2009). I rutheni negli Stati Uniti: Santa Sede e mobilità umana tra Ottocento e Novecento. Milano: Giuffrè. ISBN 9788814145902.
  • Shipman, Andrew J. (1912a). "Ruthenian Rite". The Catholic Encyclopedia. Vol. 13. New York: Robert Appleton Company. pp. 276–277.
  • Shipman, Andrew J. (1912b). "Ruthenians". The Catholic Encyclopedia. Vol. 13. New York: Robert Appleton Company. pp. 277–279.

External links

 
Wikimedia Commons has media related to American Carpatho-Russian Orthodox Diocese.
  • Christ the Saviour Seminary
  • Profile of the ACROD on the Association of Religion Data Archives website
  • Article on ACROD by Ronald Roberson on the CNEWA website
  • OrthodoxWiki:American Carpatho-Russian Orthodox Diocese, an OrthodoxWiki article
  • A Detailed History of the American Carpatho-Russian Orthodox Diocese

December 31, 2022
american, carpatho, russian, orthodox, diocese, coordinates, 34972, 94639, 34972, 94639the, north, america, acrod, diocese, ecumenical, patriarchate, with, parishes, united, states, canada, though, diocese, directly, responsible, patriarchate, under, spiritual. Coordinates 40 20 59 N 78 56 47 W 40 34972 N 78 94639 W 40 34972 78 94639The American Carpatho Russian Orthodox Diocese of North America ACROD is a diocese of the Ecumenical Patriarchate with 78 parishes in the United States and Canada Though the diocese is directly responsible to the Patriarchate it is under the spiritual supervision of the Primate of the Greek Orthodox Archdiocese of America The diocese was led by Metropolitan Nicholas Smisko of Amissos 1936 2011 The current leader is the Metropolitan of Nyssa Gregory Tatsis who was consecrated on November 27 2012 Contents 1 History 2 Organization 3 Christ the Saviour Seminary 4 Ruling bishops 5 References 6 Sources 7 External linksHistory Edit The entrance to the Church of St Nicholas of Myra in the East Village of Manhattan New York City designed by James Renwick Jr and W H Russell in 1883 as a chapel for St Mark s Church in the Bowery but now part of the ACROD 1 At the end of the nineteenth century many East Slavs immigrated to North America They were Christians some of them belonging to Eastern Orthodoxy while others were Eastern Catholics of the Byzantine Rite In Catholic terminology East Slavic form of the Byzantine Rite was known as the Ruthenian Rite and thus the same Ruthenian designation was applied to East Slavs of that rite 2 3 At that time there were no Eastern Catholic jurisdictions in North America and thus the first Eastern Catholic parishes were formed under jurisdiction of local Catholic bishops of the Latin Church The Roman Catholic hierarchs mostly Irish and Polish however did not readily welcome Eastern Catholics of the Ruthenian Rite fearing the scandal that the presence of married priests would have on their own flock 4 Oppression of the Eastern Catholics of the Byzantine Rite by the bishops of the predominant Latin Rite Catholics especially regarding a married priesthood and the form of the Divine Liturgy or Mass led some of them out of Catholicism and into the Eastern Orthodox Church A particularly strident opponent of non Latin practices was John Ireland the Archbishop of St Paul Minnesota from 1888 1918 who refused to permit Eastern Catholic clergy to function in his archdiocese 5 The diocese was founded in 1938 when a group of 37 Ruthenian Eastern Catholic parishes under the leadership of Fr Orestes Chornock were received into the jurisdiction of the Ecumenical Patriarchate The year before this group had officially renounced the Unia with the Holy See primarily in protest over the Liturgical Latinisation occurring in their church life A particularly divisive issue was the 1929 papal decree Cum data fuerit issued by Pope Pius XI which mandated that Eastern Rite clergy in the US were to be celibate 6 7 8 This move actually marked the second North American group of Ruthenian Rite Catholic parishes to return to Eastern Orthodoxy The first had been led by St Alexis Toth of Wilkes Barre into the jurisdiction of the Russian Metropolia in the 1890s 9 Notably this second large scale conversion to Eastern Orthodoxy by Ruthenian Rite Catholics was directed toward Constantinople rather than to the Russian presence in North America This was primarily motivated out of concerns for preservation of a specific identity since many among Ruthenian Rite Catholics self identified as Rusyns and wanted to keep their distinctive identity 10 thus opposing Russification which had occurred with the previous move As such rather than being absorbed into the body of Russian churches and so being compelled to adopt Muscovite traditions the ACROD was permitted by Constantinople to keep its distinctive Rusyn practices Thus the hymnography in the typical Ruthenian Prostopinije chant 11 and liturgical forms including the particular form of Old Church Slavonic used in the divine services were preserved while certain Latin Rite practices such as the addition of the Filioque clause to the Nicene Creed were removed Christ the Saviour Cathedral in Johnstown PennsylvaniaOrganization EditIn 2006 the ACROD had 14 372 members in 78 parishes and five missions 12 The bulk of the diocese s parishes are in 13 states in the eastern United States with two parishes and two missions in Ontario nearly half of the parishes are located in Pennsylvania There used to be two monasteries in the diocese the Monastery of the Annunciation in Tuxedo Park New York which closed in the early 1990s citation needed and the Monastery of the Holy Cross at Beallsville Maryland which dissolved in the late 1990s when its abbot converted to Ruthenian Byzantine Rite Catholicism 13 The diocese is a member of the Assembly of Canonical Orthodox Bishops of the United States of America Christ the Saviour Seminary EditThe Christ the Savior Seminary is part of the diocese It is located in Johnstown Pennsylvania The seminary was founded by the first bishop of the diocese Orestes Chornock in 1940 The seminary at first not having a permanent home moved and held classes in a number of northeastern United States cities including New York City Nicholson Pennsylvania and Bridgeport Connecticut In 1951 the diocese acquired the Strayer Mansion in Johnstown Pennsylvania that became the home of the seminary The building has been developed to include class and lecture rooms and dining and recreation facilities as well as a library and bookstore 14 The main purpose of the seminary is to train priests for the ACROD and other Orthodox dioceses in the United States as well as in foreign countries The seminary places emphasis on pastorally oriented training It was approved in 1960 by the Pennsylvania State Council of Education to grant a Bachelor of Theology degree The seminary has tailored curricula for five classifications of candidates a three year Bachelor of Theology program for students who already have baccalaureate degrees a Licentiate of Theology diploma late vocations program for those without a previous undergraduate degree and a special admissions program for individuals who do not intend to be ordained to the Orthodox clergy 14 Ruling bishops EditOrestes Chornock of Agathonikeia 1938 1977 John Martin of Nyssa 1977 1984 Nicholas Smisko of Amissos 1985 2011 Gregory Tatsis of Nyssa 2012 present References Edit Dunlap David W 2004 From Abyssinian to Zion A Guide to Manhattan s Houses of Worship New York Columbia University Press ISBN 0 231 12543 7 p 234 Shipman 1912a p 276 277 Shipman 1912b p 277 279 Barringer Lawrence 1985 Good Victory Brookline Massachusetts Holy Cross Orthodox Press pp 22 23 ISBN 0 917651 13 8 Tarasar Constance ed 1975 Orthodox America 1794 1976 Syosset New York Orthodox Church in America pp 50 51 Barringer pp 102 103 Marti 2009 p 470 Magocsi 2015 p 245 246 Dyrud 1992 p 65 66 Magocsi 2015 p 246 247 American Carpatho Russian Orthodox Diocese of North America Plain Chant Hymns www acrod org Data from the National Council of Churches 2008 Yearbook of American amp Canadian Churches Holy Cross Monastery CR Dissolved omna malf net Archived from the original on 2001 05 16 a b American Carpatho Russian Orthodox Diocese of North America Seminary www acrod org Sources EditBarriger Lawrence 2000 Glory to Jesus Christ A History of the American Carpatho Russian Orthodox Diocese Brookline MA Holy Cross Orthodox Press ISBN 1885652445 Dyrud Keith P 1992 The Quest for the Rusyn Soul The Politics of Religion and Culture in Eastern Europe and in America 1890 World War I Philadelphia Balch Institute Press ISBN 9780944190104 Magocsi Paul R Pop Ivan I eds 2005 2002 Encyclopedia of Rusyn History and Culture 2 rev ed Toronto University of Toronto Press Magocsi Paul R 2015 With Their Backs to the Mountains A History of Carpathian Rus and Carpatho Rusyns Budapest New York Central European University Press ISBN 9786155053467 Marti Federico 2009 I rutheni negli Stati Uniti Santa Sede e mobilita umana tra Ottocento e Novecento Milano Giuffre ISBN 9788814145902 Shipman Andrew J 1912a Ruthenian Rite The Catholic Encyclopedia Vol 13 New York Robert Appleton Company pp 276 277 Shipman Andrew J 1912b Ruthenians The Catholic Encyclopedia Vol 13 New York Robert Appleton Company pp 277 279 External links Edit Wikimedia Commons has media related to American Carpatho Russian Orthodox Diocese Christ the Saviour Seminary Profile of the ACROD on the Association of Religion Data Archives website Article on ACROD by Ronald Roberson on the CNEWA website OrthodoxWiki American Carpatho Russian Orthodox Diocese an OrthodoxWiki article A Detailed History of the American Carpatho Russian Orthodox Diocese Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title American Carpatho Russian Orthodox Diocese amp oldid 1100481574, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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