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Anglican Church of Australia

March 02, 2023

The Anglican Church of Australia, formerly known as the Church of England in Australia and Tasmania,[2] is a Christian church in Australia and an autonomous church of the Anglican Communion. It is the second largest church in Australia after the Catholic Church.[3] According to the 2016 census, 3.1 million Australians identify as Anglicans.[4] As of 2016, the Anglican Church of Australia had more than 3 million nominal members and 437,880 active baptised members.[5][6] For much of Australian history since the arrival of the 'First Fleet' in January 1788, the church was the largest religious denomination. It remains today one of the largest providers of social welfare services in Australia.[7]

Anglican Church of Australia
Arms


Flag
ClassificationProtestant
OrientationAnglican
ScriptureHoly Bible
TheologyAnglican doctrine
PolityEpiscopal
PrimateGeoffrey Smith
Archbishop of Adelaide[1]
TerritoryAustralia
Independence1962
Members3,101,200
Official websiteanglican.org.au

On 16 August 2022, the Anglican Church saw a split: with Conservatives forming an Australian breakaway church Diocese of the Southern Cross. Its leader is Bishop Glenn Davies, former Archbishop of Sydney. The split was caused over the position on same sex marriage, among other issues.[8]

History

When the First Fleet was sent to New South Wales in 1787, Richard Johnson of the Church of England was licensed as chaplain to the fleet and the settlement. In 1825 Thomas Scott was appointed Archdeacon of Australia under the jurisdiction of the Bishop of Calcutta, Reginald Heber. William Grant Broughton, who succeeded Scott in 1829, was consecrated the first (and only) "Bishop of Australia" in 1836.

 
Richard Johnson, chaplain to the First Fleet

In early Colonial times, the Church of England clergy worked closely with the governors. Richard Johnson, a chaplain, was charged by the governor, Arthur Phillip, with improving "public morality" in the colony, but he was also heavily involved in health and education.[9] Samuel Marsden (1765–1838) had magisterial duties, and so was equated with the authorities by the convicts. He became known as the "flogging parson" for the severity of his punishments.[10] Some of the Irish convicts had been transported to Australia for political crimes or social rebellion in Ireland, so the authorities were suspicious of Roman Catholicism for the first three decades of settlement and Roman Catholic convicts were compelled to attend Church of England services and their children and orphans were raised by the authorities as Anglicans.[11][12]

The Church of England lost its legal privileges in the Colony of New South Wales by the Church Act of 1836. Drafted by the reformist attorney-general John Plunkett, the act established legal equality for Anglicans, Roman Catholics and Presbyterians and was later extended to Methodists.[13]

A mission to the Aboriginal peoples was established in the Wellington Valley in New South Wales by the Church Missionary Society in 1832, but it ended in failure and indigenous people in the 19th century demonstrated a reluctance to convert to the religion of the colonists who were seizing their lands.[14]

In 1842 the Diocese of Tasmania was created. In 1847 the rest of the Diocese of Australia was divided into the four separate dioceses of Sydney, Adelaide, Newcastle and Melbourne. Over the following 80 years the number of dioceses increased to 25.

 
Major religious affiliations in Australia by census year[15]

Sectarianism in Australia tended to reflect the political inheritance of Britain and Ireland. Until 1945, the vast majority of Roman Catholics in Australia were of Irish descent, causing the Anglo-Protestant majority to question their loyalty to the British Empire.[12] The Australian Constitution of 1901 provided for freedom of religion. Australian society was predominantly Anglo-Celtic, with 40% of the population being Anglican. It remained the largest Christian denomination until the 1986 census. After World War II, the ethnic and cultural mix of Australia diversified and Anglicanism gave way to Roman Catholicism as the largest denomination. The number of Anglicans attending regular worship began to decline in 1959 and figures for occasional services (baptisms, confirmations, weddings and funerals) started to decline after 1966.[14] In recent times, the Anglican and other Christian churches of Australia have been active in ecumenical activity. The Australian Committee for the World Council of Churches was established in 1946 by the Anglican and mainline Protestant churches. The movement evolved and expanded with Eastern and Oriental Orthodox churches later joining and by 1994 the Roman Catholic Church was also a member of the national ecumenical body, the National Council of Churches in Australia.

Since 1 January 1962 the Australian church has been autocephalous and headed by its own primate. On 24 August 1981 the church officially changed its name from the Church of England in Australia and Tasmania to the Anglican Church of Australia.[16]

Although the Book of Common Prayer remains the official standard for Anglican belief and worship in Australia, An Australian Prayer Book (AAPB) was published in 1978 after a prolonged revision of liturgy. Another alternative service book, A Prayer Book for Australia (APBA), was published in 1995.[14]

In 1985 the general synod of the Australian church passed a canon to allow the ordination of women as deacons. In 1992 the general synod approved legislation allowing dioceses to ordain women to the priesthood. Dioceses could choose to adopt the legislation. In 1992, 90 women were ordained in the Anglican Church of Australia and two others who had been ordained overseas were recognised.[17] After decades of debate the issue of women's ordination, particularly as bishops, continues to divide traditionalists and reformers within the church. As of November 2013 five dioceses had not ordained women as priests and two had not ordained women as deacons.[18][19][20] The most recent diocese to vote in favour of ordaining women as priests was the Ballarat diocese in October 2013.[20] In 2008, Kay Goldsworthy was ordained as an assistant bishop for the Diocese of Perth, thus becoming the first woman consecrated as a bishop of the Anglican Church of Australia.[21] Sarah Macneil was elected in 2013 to be the first female diocesan bishop in Australia.[22] In 2014 she was consecrated and installed as the first female diocesan bishop in Australia (for the Diocese of Grafton in New South Wales).[23]

The church remains a major provider of education and welfare services in Australia.[24] It provides chaplains to the Australian Defence Force, hospitals, schools, industry and prisons.[14] Senior clergy such as Peter Jensen, former Archbishop of Sydney, have a high profile in discussions on a diverse range of social issues in contemporary national debates.[25] In recent times the church has encouraged its leaders to talk on such issues as indigenous rights; international security; peace and justice; and poverty and equity.[26] The current primate is Geoffrey Smith, Archbishop of Adelaide, who commenced in the role on 7 April 2020[1] after Philip Freier stepped down on 31 March 2020.[27]

Like other religious groups, the church has come under criticism in light of cases of sexual abuse by clergy and others.[28][29]

2022 split

On 16 August 2022, the church experienced a split when some conservatives formed a breakaway church called the Diocese of the Southern Cross. It is to be led by a former Archbishop of Sydney, Glenn Davies. The split was principally caused over same sex marriage among other issues.[8] In September 2022, the Diocese of Sydney voted to declare the church to be in a state of "deep breach of fellowship" as a result of the division.[30]

Demographics and structure

 
People who identify as Anglican as a percentage of the total population in Australia at the 2011 census, divided geographically by statistical local area

Until the 1986 census, Australia's most populous Christian church was the Anglican Church of Australia. Since then Roman Catholics have outnumbered Anglicans by an increasing margin. One rationale to explain this relates to changes in Australia's immigration patterns. Before the Second World War, the majority of immigrants to Australia had come from the United Kingdom – though most of Australia's Roman Catholic immigrants had come from Ireland. After World War II, Australia's immigration program diversified and more than 6.5 million migrants arrived in Australia in the 60 years after the war, including more than a million Roman Catholics.

Census data shows that as a percentage of population Anglican affiliation peaked in 1921 at 43.7%, and the number of persons indicating Anglican affiliation peaked in 1991 at 4 million. In the 2016 there were 3,101,000 Anglicans, representing 13.3 per cent of the population. (See accompanying graph.)

The Australian church consists of twenty-three dioceses arranged into five provinces (except for Tasmania) with the metropolitical sees in the states' capital cities. Broughton Publishing is the church's national publishing arm.[31]

State/Territory[32][33] % 2021 % 2016 % 2011 % 2006 % 2001
Australian Capital Territory 8.2 10.8 14.7 16.7 18.5
New South Wales 11.9 15.5 20.0 21.8 23.8
Northern Territory 6.0 8.4 11.4 12.3 14.7
Queensland 11.3 15.3 18.9 20.4 22.5
South Australia 7.2 10.0 12.6 13.7 15.2
Tasmania 14.4 20.4 26.0 29.3 32.4
Total 9.8 13.3 17.1 18.7 20.7
Victoria 6.5 9.0 12.3 13.6 15.3
Western Australia 10.1 14.3 18.8 20.4 22.6

Indigenous ministry

The National Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Anglican Council (NATSIAC) appoints two Indigenous bishops for national work with indigenous people: the National Aboriginal Bishop (currently Chris McLeod) is based in South Australia (as an assistant bishop of the Anglican Diocese of Adelaide); while the National Torres Strait Islander Bishop (currently vacant) is based at Thursday Island, Queensland (as an assistant bishop of the Anglican Diocese of North Queensland).

Society, arts and culture

Welfare and education

Main article: Anglican education in Australia

Anglicans have played a prominent role in welfare and education since Colonial times, when First Fleet chaplain Richard Johnson was credited by one convict as "the physician both of soul and body" during the famine of 1790 and was charged with general supervision of schools.[9] Today the church remains a significant provider of social welfare with organisations working in education, health, missionary work, social welfare and communications. Welfare organisations include Anglicare and Samaritans.[24] The Anglicare network comprises 9000 volunteers beyond paid staff, who assisted some 940,000 Australians in 2016 in areas such as emergency relief, aged care, family support and assistance for the homeless.[34]

There are around 145 Anglican schools in Australia, providing for more than 105,000 children.[24] Church schools range from low-fee, regional and special needs schools to high-fee leading independent schools such as Geelong Grammar (whose alumni include Charles III and Rupert Murdoch) and The Kings School in Sydney. Anglican Schools Australia is the national schools network of the general synod.

Architecture

 
St John the Baptist Church, Reid, built in the 1840s, is the oldest building within Canberra's city precinct

The first Church of England edifice was built in the colony of New South Wales in 1793.[35] Today, most towns in Australia have at least one Christian church. One of Australia's oldest Anglican churches is St James' Church in Sydney, built between 1819 and 1824. The historic church was designed by Governor Macquarie's architect, Francis Greenway – a former convict – and built with convict labour. The church is set on a sandstone base and built of face brick with the walls articulated by brick piers.[36] Sydney's Anglican cathedral, St Andrew's, was consecrated in 1868 from foundations laid in the 1830s. Largely designed by Edmund Thomas Blacket in the Perpendicular Gothic style reminiscent of English cathedrals. Blacket also designed St Saviour's Cathedral in Goulburn, based on the Decorated Gothic style of a large English parish church and built between 1874 and 1884.[37]

St Paul's Cathedral, Melbourne, from a foundation stone laid in 1880, is a Melbourne landmark. It was designed by the distinguished English architect William Butterfield in Gothic Transitional.[38]

Tasmania is home to a number of significant colonial Anglican buildings including those located at Australia's best preserved convict era settlement, Port Arthur. According to 19th century notions of prisoner reform, the Model Prison incorporates a grim chapel, into which prisoners in solitary confinement were shepherded to listen (in individual enclosures) to the preacher's Sunday sermon – their only permitted interaction with another human being.[39] Adelaide, the capital of South Australia has long been known as the City of Churches and its St Peter's Anglican Cathedral is a noted city landmark.[40]

The oldest building in the city of Canberra is the picturesque St John the Baptist Church in Reid, consecrated in 1845. This church long predates the city of Canberra and is not so much representative of urban design as it is of the Bush chapels which dot the Australian landscape and stretch even into the far Outback.

A number of notable Victorian era chapels and edifices were also constructed at church schools across Australia. Along with community attitudes to religion, church architecture changed significantly during the 20th century.

Ordination of women

See also: Ordination of women in the Anglican Communion

Since 1985 the church has permitted the ordination of women on a diocesan basis. The first woman to be ordained was Marion Macfarlane, ordained to the "Female Diaconate" in 1884 in the Diocese of Melbourne.[41] In 1992, the first women were ordained as priests, initially in the Diocese of Perth and then around the country.[42] In 2008, the Diocese of Perth consecrated the first female bishop, the Rt Revd Kay Goldsworthy.[43] Then, in 2014, the Diocese of Grafton consecrated and installed the first female diocesan bishop, the Rt Revd Sarah Macneil. Bishop Kay Goldsworthy became the second female diocesan bishop when she was enthroned as bishop of Gippsland.[44] The dioceses of Sydney, North West Australia and The Murray do not ordain women as priests.[45] In 2017, the Diocese of The Murray ordained its first female deacon, becoming the last diocese to ordain women to the diaconate.[46]

In August 2017, the Anglicans of Western Australia elected the Anglican Church of Australia's first female archbishop, Kay Goldsworthy.[47] In a statement representing a conservative and complementarian view, Bishop Gary Nelson said that Archbishop Goldsworthy "would not be recognised in her new role" as the metropolitan for the province.[48]

Same-sex unions and LGBT clergy

See also: Homosexuality and the Anglican Communion

In the Seventeenth Session of the General Synod of the Anglican Church of Australia in 2017, the Anglican Church passed a motion recognising "that the doctrine of our church, in line with traditional Christian teaching, is that marriage is an exclusive and lifelong union of a man and a woman, and further, recognises that this has been the subject of several General Synod resolutions over the past fifteen years".[49] In 2018, the then-Primate of Australia and Archbishop of Melbourne, Philip Freier, released an ad clerum reiterating the current position that clergy cannot perform a same-sex marriage.[50][51] In 2020, the church's highest court, the Appellate Tribunal, ruled that a diocese may authorise the blessing of persons in same-sex unions.[52][53][54] At the same time, the church does not have an official stance on homosexuality itself.[55]

During a meeting, the House of Bishops stated that they "accept the weight of 1998 Lambeth Resolution 1.10 and the 2004 General Synod resolutions 33, 59 and 61–64 as expressing the mind of this church on issues of human sexuality ... and understand that issues of sexuality are subject to ongoing conversation". A former primate, Peter Carnley, supported the blessing of same-sex relationships and supported "recognition of lifelong friendships between two homosexuals which would give them the same legal status as a heterosexual married couple".[56][57] A spokesman for Phillip Aspinall, the Archbishop of Brisbane, stated that "In effect it is an undertaking not to ordain, license, authorise or appoint persons whom the bishop knows to be in a sexual relationship outside of marriage."[58] At the same time, Archbishop Aspinall stated that he personally does not take an official position.[59] Despite what the spokesman said, however, an Anglican priest came out as gay in 2005 in Melbourne.[60] In the Diocese of Perth, "there are gay and lesbian clergy serving in the priesthood."[61] Archbishop Roger Herft, as a diocesan bishop, "support[ed] blessing gay unions".[62] In 2012, a bishop "appoint[ed] a gay priest in a same-sex partnership to a Gippsland parish."[63] The Anglican Diocese of Sydney, the largest of the country, has expressed its opposition to same-sex unions and has been involved in the Anglican realignment as a member of the Fellowship of Confessing Anglicans.[64]

However, many clergy and bishops support same-sex unions. The Wangaratta and Ballarat dioceses have voted to support the blessing of same-sex civil unions.[65][66][67] The Dioceses of Wangaratta and Newcastle have approved of blessing rites for same-sex marriages.[68][69][70] Blessings for same-sex unions are also permitted in the Diocese of Brisbane.[71][72] In 2012, the Diocese of Gippsland appointed an openly partnered gay priest.[73][74] In 2013, the Diocese of Perth voted in favour of recognising same-sex unions.[75] Archbishop Roger Herft vetoed the Perth motion.[76] In 2015, the Bishop of Wangaratta endorsed same-sex marriage legislation and some diocesan clergy offered to perform gay marriages when allowed to do so.[77][78] In the Diocese of Grafton, former bishop Sarah Macneil took an affirming stance.[79] Bishop Greg Thompson of the Diocese of Newcastle had taken a stance in favour of gay rights.[80]

In 2015, an arm of the Anglican Church in Southern Queensland voted in favour of same-sex civil unions.[81][82] Also, Bishop Kay Goldsworthy appointed an openly gay and partnered priest to another post.[83] In response, the Sydney synod passed a resolution stating that the diocese "views the actions of the Bishop of Gippsland as a breach of collegiality and fellowship at a profound level".[84] In 2016, the Bishop of Ballarat declared his support for same-sex marriage.[85] In April 2016, a parish in the Diocese of Perth blessed the union of a same-sex couple.[86] At General Synod in 2017, the synod passed a resolution criticising the Scottish Episcopal Church for its acceptance of same-sex marriage as well as an additional resolution calling for the church in Australia "to have a series of conversations on its understanding of sexuality."[87] Also in 2017, the Diocese of Perth in Western Australia elected Bishop Kay Goldsworthy as its archbishop. Goldsworthy said that she supports an "inclusive" approach to same-sex marriage.[88] "Archbishop Goldsworthy revealed that she had voted Yes in the same-sex marriage survey."[48] In 2022, Goldsworthy ordained an openly gay man in a civil partnership in Perth.[89][90]

Regarding transgender issues, there are dioceses and congregations with serving transgender clergy. In 2017, Archbishop Phillip Aspinall asked for "prayerful support" for the Revd Josephine Inkpin who had transitioned and come out as a transgender woman.[91] "The Archbishop of Brisbane Dr Phillip Aspinall supported Dr Inkpin and passed on her statement to clergy in July 2017, along with his wish that 'unhelpful speculation' might be avoided."[92] Inkpin continues to serve in the Brisbane diocese.[93] She shared that the bishops and leaders of the Diocese of Brisbane "have assisted in arrangements for enabling [her] public recognition of gender." Inkpin, who is married to the Revd Penny Jones, one of the first female priests ordained in Australia, is the first openly transgender priest in Australia.[94] The State Library of Queensland interviewed Inkpin and her wife about the intersection of gender, faith, religion and identity for their "Dangerous Women" podcast.[95]

Controversy over LGBT issues caused a split from the Church in 2022: former Bishop of Sydney Glenn Davies, alongside two congregations, left the Anglican Church of Australia to form the newly-formed Diocese of the Southern Cross, which is affiliated to the conservative Global Fellowship of Confessing Anglicans (GAFCON).[96][97] The split was endorsed by the Anglican Bishop of Tasmania Richard Condie, but was described as "dangerous for the Church" by the Archbishop of Canterbury Justin Welby.[98][99]

Provinces and dioceses

The whole church is led by the primate, Geoffrey Smith, Archbishop of Adelaide. The provinces and dioceses are listed with each diocese's bishop or archbishop:

Map of dioceses

KEY to province colours   New South Wales   Victoria   Queensland   Western Australia   South Australia   Extraprovincial

A number of former dioceses have been merged into the current diocese or have formed other Anglican churches:

  • Carpentaria (formerly part of the Province of Queensland, 1900–1996, and now part of the Diocese of North Queensland)
  • Kalgoorlie (formerly part of the Province of Western Australia, 1914–1973, and now part of the Diocese of Perth)
  • New Guinea (formerly part of the Province of Queensland, 1898–1976, and now the Anglican Church of Papua New Guinea)
  • St Arnaud (formerly part of the Province of Victoria, 1926–1976, and now part of the Diocese of Bendigo)

Ecumenical relations

The church is a member of the Christian Conference of Asia.

Relation with the Anglican realignment

The Anglican Diocese of Sydney has been a leading name in the Anglican realignment, since they first opposed the sexuality policies of the Episcopal Church of the United States and the Anglican Church of Canada. Archbishop Peter Jensen attended the first Global Anglican Future Conference, in June 2008, in Jerusalem, and was the chairman of GAFCON. The Anglican Diocese of Sydney and the Anglican Diocese of North West Australia have declared themselves in full communion with the Anglican Church in North America, started in June 2009, which represents Anglican realignment in United States and Canada.[100][101]

The Fellowship of Confessing Anglicans was launched in Australia on 26 March 2015, in a conference held in Melbourne that reunited 460 members, including 40 from New Zealand, and was attended by Archbishop Eliud Wabukala, from the Anglican Church of Kenya, their international chairman, Archbishop Stanley Ntagali, from the Anglican Church of Uganda, and Archbishop Glenn Davies, from the Anglican Diocese of Sydney. The then archdeacon of the Anglican Diocese of Melbourne, now bishop Richard Condie, of the Anglican Diocese of Tasmania, became chairman of FCA Australia.[102]

The Anglican Church of Australia passed a motion at their General Synod on 7 September 2017, condemning the Scottish Episcopal Church decision to approve same-sex marriage as "contrary to the doctrine of our church and the teaching of Christ", and declaring itself in "impaired communion" with the province. It also expressed "support for those Anglicans who have left or will need to leave (...) because of its redefinition of marriage and those who struggle and remain", and presented their prayers for the return of SEC "to the doctrine of Christ in this matter" and the restoration of the impaired communion.[103]

The Anglican Church of Australia was represented at GAFCON III, held in Jerusalem on 17–22 June 2018, by a 218 members delegation, which included Archbishop Glenn Davies of Sydney and bishops Richard Condie of Tasmania, Gary Nelson of North West Australia and Ian Palmer of Bathurst.[104][105]

In 2022 the Diocese of the Southern Cross became the first Australian Anglican diocese to form outside the Anglican Church of Australia.[106]

See also

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Further reading

  • Blombery, Tricia (1996). The Anglicans in Australia. Canberra: Australian Government Publishing Service. ISBN 978-0-644-45913-6.
  • Breward, Ian. A History of the Australian Churches.
  • Bunting, Ian, ed. (1996). Celebrating the Anglican Way. London: Hodder & Stoughton. ISBN 978-0-340-64268-9.
  • Davis, John (1993). Australian Anglicans and their Constitution. Canberra: Acorn Press. ISBN 978-0-908284-14-6.
  • Elkin, A. P. (1955). The Diocese of Newcastle: A History.
  • Harris, John. One Blood: 200 Years of Aboriginal Encounter with Christianity.
  • Hilliard, David (1986). Godliness and Good Order: A History of the Anglican Church in South Australia. Netley, South Australia: Wakefield Press. ISBN 978-0-949268-45-7.
  • Judd, Stephen; Cable, Kenneth J. Sydney Anglicans: A History of the Diocese. Sydney: Anglican Information Office.
  • Kaye, Bruce Norman (1995). A Church Without Walls: Being Anglican in Australia. North Blackburn, Victoria: Dove. ISBN 978-1-86371-557-7.
  • Porter, Brian, ed. (1997). Melbourne Anglican: The Diocese of Melbourne, 1847–1997. Melbourne: Mitre Books. ISBN 978-1-86407-181-8.
  • Porter, Muriel (1989). Women in the Church: The Great Ordination Debate in Australia. Ringwood, Victoria: Penguin Books. ISBN 978-0-14-013041-6.
  • — (2006). The New Puritans: The Rise of Fundamentalism in the Anglican Church. Carlton, Victoria: Melbourne University Publishing. ISBN 978-0-522-85184-7.

External links

  • Official website
  • Anglican Communion: Anglican Church of Australia

March 02, 2023
anglican, church, australia, formerly, known, church, england, australia, tasmania, christian, church, australia, autonomous, church, anglican, communion, second, largest, church, australia, after, catholic, church, according, 2016, census, million, australian. The Anglican Church of Australia formerly known as the Church of England in Australia and Tasmania 2 is a Christian church in Australia and an autonomous church of the Anglican Communion It is the second largest church in Australia after the Catholic Church 3 According to the 2016 census 3 1 million Australians identify as Anglicans 4 As of 2016 update the Anglican Church of Australia had more than 3 million nominal members and 437 880 active baptised members 5 6 For much of Australian history since the arrival of the First Fleet in January 1788 the church was the largest religious denomination It remains today one of the largest providers of social welfare services in Australia 7 Anglican Church of AustraliaArms FlagClassificationProtestantOrientationAnglicanScriptureHoly BibleTheologyAnglican doctrinePolityEpiscopalPrimateGeoffrey Smith Archbishop of Adelaide 1 TerritoryAustraliaIndependence1962Members3 101 200Official websiteanglican org auOn 16 August 2022 the Anglican Church saw a split with Conservatives forming an Australian breakaway church Diocese of the Southern Cross Its leader is Bishop Glenn Davies former Archbishop of Sydney The split was caused over the position on same sex marriage among other issues 8 Contents 1 History 1 1 2022 split 2 Demographics and structure 2 1 Indigenous ministry 3 Society arts and culture 3 1 Welfare and education 3 2 Architecture 4 Ordination of women 5 Same sex unions and LGBT clergy 6 Provinces and dioceses 6 1 Map of dioceses 7 Ecumenical relations 8 Relation with the Anglican realignment 9 See also 10 References 11 Further reading 12 External linksHistory EditWhen the First Fleet was sent to New South Wales in 1787 Richard Johnson of the Church of England was licensed as chaplain to the fleet and the settlement In 1825 Thomas Scott was appointed Archdeacon of Australia under the jurisdiction of the Bishop of Calcutta Reginald Heber William Grant Broughton who succeeded Scott in 1829 was consecrated the first and only Bishop of Australia in 1836 Richard Johnson chaplain to the First Fleet In early Colonial times the Church of England clergy worked closely with the governors Richard Johnson a chaplain was charged by the governor Arthur Phillip with improving public morality in the colony but he was also heavily involved in health and education 9 Samuel Marsden 1765 1838 had magisterial duties and so was equated with the authorities by the convicts He became known as the flogging parson for the severity of his punishments 10 Some of the Irish convicts had been transported to Australia for political crimes or social rebellion in Ireland so the authorities were suspicious of Roman Catholicism for the first three decades of settlement and Roman Catholic convicts were compelled to attend Church of England services and their children and orphans were raised by the authorities as Anglicans 11 12 The Church of England lost its legal privileges in the Colony of New South Wales by the Church Act of 1836 Drafted by the reformist attorney general John Plunkett the act established legal equality for Anglicans Roman Catholics and Presbyterians and was later extended to Methodists 13 A mission to the Aboriginal peoples was established in the Wellington Valley in New South Wales by the Church Missionary Society in 1832 but it ended in failure and indigenous people in the 19th century demonstrated a reluctance to convert to the religion of the colonists who were seizing their lands 14 In 1842 the Diocese of Tasmania was created In 1847 the rest of the Diocese of Australia was divided into the four separate dioceses of Sydney Adelaide Newcastle and Melbourne Over the following 80 years the number of dioceses increased to 25 Major religious affiliations in Australia by census year 15 Sectarianism in Australia tended to reflect the political inheritance of Britain and Ireland Until 1945 the vast majority of Roman Catholics in Australia were of Irish descent causing the Anglo Protestant majority to question their loyalty to the British Empire 12 The Australian Constitution of 1901 provided for freedom of religion Australian society was predominantly Anglo Celtic with 40 of the population being Anglican It remained the largest Christian denomination until the 1986 census After World War II the ethnic and cultural mix of Australia diversified and Anglicanism gave way to Roman Catholicism as the largest denomination The number of Anglicans attending regular worship began to decline in 1959 and figures for occasional services baptisms confirmations weddings and funerals started to decline after 1966 14 In recent times the Anglican and other Christian churches of Australia have been active in ecumenical activity The Australian Committee for the World Council of Churches was established in 1946 by the Anglican and mainline Protestant churches The movement evolved and expanded with Eastern and Oriental Orthodox churches later joining and by 1994 the Roman Catholic Church was also a member of the national ecumenical body the National Council of Churches in Australia Since 1 January 1962 the Australian church has been autocephalous and headed by its own primate On 24 August 1981 the church officially changed its name from the Church of England in Australia and Tasmania to the Anglican Church of Australia 16 Although the Book of Common Prayer remains the official standard for Anglican belief and worship in Australia An Australian Prayer Book AAPB was published in 1978 after a prolonged revision of liturgy Another alternative service book A Prayer Book for Australia APBA was published in 1995 14 In 1985 the general synod of the Australian church passed a canon to allow the ordination of women as deacons In 1992 the general synod approved legislation allowing dioceses to ordain women to the priesthood Dioceses could choose to adopt the legislation In 1992 90 women were ordained in the Anglican Church of Australia and two others who had been ordained overseas were recognised 17 After decades of debate the issue of women s ordination particularly as bishops continues to divide traditionalists and reformers within the church As of November 2013 five dioceses had not ordained women as priests and two had not ordained women as deacons 18 19 20 The most recent diocese to vote in favour of ordaining women as priests was the Ballarat diocese in October 2013 20 In 2008 Kay Goldsworthy was ordained as an assistant bishop for the Diocese of Perth thus becoming the first woman consecrated as a bishop of the Anglican Church of Australia 21 Sarah Macneil was elected in 2013 to be the first female diocesan bishop in Australia 22 In 2014 she was consecrated and installed as the first female diocesan bishop in Australia for the Diocese of Grafton in New South Wales 23 The church remains a major provider of education and welfare services in Australia 24 It provides chaplains to the Australian Defence Force hospitals schools industry and prisons 14 Senior clergy such as Peter Jensen former Archbishop of Sydney have a high profile in discussions on a diverse range of social issues in contemporary national debates 25 In recent times the church has encouraged its leaders to talk on such issues as indigenous rights international security peace and justice and poverty and equity 26 The current primate is Geoffrey Smith Archbishop of Adelaide who commenced in the role on 7 April 2020 1 after Philip Freier stepped down on 31 March 2020 27 Like other religious groups the church has come under criticism in light of cases of sexual abuse by clergy and others 28 29 2022 split Edit On 16 August 2022 the church experienced a split when some conservatives formed a breakaway church called the Diocese of the Southern Cross It is to be led by a former Archbishop of Sydney Glenn Davies The split was principally caused over same sex marriage among other issues 8 In September 2022 the Diocese of Sydney voted to declare the church to be in a state of deep breach of fellowship as a result of the division 30 Demographics and structure Edit People who identify as Anglican as a percentage of the total population in Australia at the 2011 census divided geographically by statistical local area Until the 1986 census Australia s most populous Christian church was the Anglican Church of Australia Since then Roman Catholics have outnumbered Anglicans by an increasing margin One rationale to explain this relates to changes in Australia s immigration patterns Before the Second World War the majority of immigrants to Australia had come from the United Kingdom though most of Australia s Roman Catholic immigrants had come from Ireland After World War II Australia s immigration program diversified and more than 6 5 million migrants arrived in Australia in the 60 years after the war including more than a million Roman Catholics Census data shows that as a percentage of population Anglican affiliation peaked in 1921 at 43 7 and the number of persons indicating Anglican affiliation peaked in 1991 at 4 million In the 2016 there were 3 101 000 Anglicans representing 13 3 per cent of the population See accompanying graph The Australian church consists of twenty three dioceses arranged into five provinces except for Tasmania with the metropolitical sees in the states capital cities Broughton Publishing is the church s national publishing arm 31 State Territory 32 33 2021 2016 2011 2006 2001Australian Capital Territory 8 2 10 8 14 7 16 7 18 5New South Wales 11 9 15 5 20 0 21 8 23 8Northern Territory 6 0 8 4 11 4 12 3 14 7Queensland 11 3 15 3 18 9 20 4 22 5South Australia 7 2 10 0 12 6 13 7 15 2Tasmania 14 4 20 4 26 0 29 3 32 4Total 9 8 13 3 17 1 18 7 20 7Victoria 6 5 9 0 12 3 13 6 15 3Western Australia 10 1 14 3 18 8 20 4 22 6Indigenous ministry Edit The National Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Anglican Council NATSIAC appoints two Indigenous bishops for national work with indigenous people the National Aboriginal Bishop currently Chris McLeod is based in South Australia as an assistant bishop of the Anglican Diocese of Adelaide while the National Torres Strait Islander Bishop currently vacant is based at Thursday Island Queensland as an assistant bishop of the Anglican Diocese of North Queensland Society arts and culture EditWelfare and education Edit Main article Anglican education in Australia Anglicans have played a prominent role in welfare and education since Colonial times when First Fleet chaplain Richard Johnson was credited by one convict as the physician both of soul and body during the famine of 1790 and was charged with general supervision of schools 9 Today the church remains a significant provider of social welfare with organisations working in education health missionary work social welfare and communications Welfare organisations include Anglicare and Samaritans 24 The Anglicare network comprises 9000 volunteers beyond paid staff who assisted some 940 000 Australians in 2016 in areas such as emergency relief aged care family support and assistance for the homeless 34 There are around 145 Anglican schools in Australia providing for more than 105 000 children 24 Church schools range from low fee regional and special needs schools to high fee leading independent schools such as Geelong Grammar whose alumni include Charles III and Rupert Murdoch and The Kings School in Sydney Anglican Schools Australia is the national schools network of the general synod Architecture Edit St John the Baptist Church Reid built in the 1840s is the oldest building within Canberra s city precinct The first Church of England edifice was built in the colony of New South Wales in 1793 35 Today most towns in Australia have at least one Christian church One of Australia s oldest Anglican churches is St James Church in Sydney built between 1819 and 1824 The historic church was designed by Governor Macquarie s architect Francis Greenway a former convict and built with convict labour The church is set on a sandstone base and built of face brick with the walls articulated by brick piers 36 Sydney s Anglican cathedral St Andrew s was consecrated in 1868 from foundations laid in the 1830s Largely designed by Edmund Thomas Blacket in the Perpendicular Gothic style reminiscent of English cathedrals Blacket also designed St Saviour s Cathedral in Goulburn based on the Decorated Gothic style of a large English parish church and built between 1874 and 1884 37 St Paul s Cathedral Melbourne from a foundation stone laid in 1880 is a Melbourne landmark It was designed by the distinguished English architect William Butterfield in Gothic Transitional 38 Tasmania is home to a number of significant colonial Anglican buildings including those located at Australia s best preserved convict era settlement Port Arthur According to 19th century notions of prisoner reform the Model Prison incorporates a grim chapel into which prisoners in solitary confinement were shepherded to listen in individual enclosures to the preacher s Sunday sermon their only permitted interaction with another human being 39 Adelaide the capital of South Australia has long been known as the City of Churches and its St Peter s Anglican Cathedral is a noted city landmark 40 The oldest building in the city of Canberra is the picturesque St John the Baptist Church in Reid consecrated in 1845 This church long predates the city of Canberra and is not so much representative of urban design as it is of the Bush chapels which dot the Australian landscape and stretch even into the far Outback A number of notable Victorian era chapels and edifices were also constructed at church schools across Australia Along with community attitudes to religion church architecture changed significantly during the 20th century Ordination of women EditSee also Ordination of women in the Anglican Communion Since 1985 the church has permitted the ordination of women on a diocesan basis The first woman to be ordained was Marion Macfarlane ordained to the Female Diaconate in 1884 in the Diocese of Melbourne 41 In 1992 the first women were ordained as priests initially in the Diocese of Perth and then around the country 42 In 2008 the Diocese of Perth consecrated the first female bishop the Rt Revd Kay Goldsworthy 43 Then in 2014 the Diocese of Grafton consecrated and installed the first female diocesan bishop the Rt Revd Sarah Macneil Bishop Kay Goldsworthy became the second female diocesan bishop when she was enthroned as bishop of Gippsland 44 The dioceses of Sydney North West Australia and The Murray do not ordain women as priests 45 In 2017 the Diocese of The Murray ordained its first female deacon becoming the last diocese to ordain women to the diaconate 46 In August 2017 the Anglicans of Western Australia elected the Anglican Church of Australia s first female archbishop Kay Goldsworthy 47 In a statement representing a conservative and complementarian view Bishop Gary Nelson said that Archbishop Goldsworthy would not be recognised in her new role as the metropolitan for the province 48 Same sex unions and LGBT clergy EditSee also Homosexuality and the Anglican Communion In the Seventeenth Session of the General Synod of the Anglican Church of Australia in 2017 the Anglican Church passed a motion recognising that the doctrine of our church in line with traditional Christian teaching is that marriage is an exclusive and lifelong union of a man and a woman and further recognises that this has been the subject of several General Synod resolutions over the past fifteen years 49 In 2018 the then Primate of Australia and Archbishop of Melbourne Philip Freier released an ad clerum reiterating the current position that clergy cannot perform a same sex marriage 50 51 In 2020 the church s highest court the Appellate Tribunal ruled that a diocese may authorise the blessing of persons in same sex unions 52 53 54 At the same time the church does not have an official stance on homosexuality itself 55 During a meeting the House of Bishops stated that they accept the weight of 1998 Lambeth Resolution 1 10 and the 2004 General Synod resolutions 33 59 and 61 64 as expressing the mind of this church on issues of human sexuality and understand that issues of sexuality are subject to ongoing conversation A former primate Peter Carnley supported the blessing of same sex relationships and supported recognition of lifelong friendships between two homosexuals which would give them the same legal status as a heterosexual married couple 56 57 A spokesman for Phillip Aspinall the Archbishop of Brisbane stated that In effect it is an undertaking not to ordain license authorise or appoint persons whom the bishop knows to be in a sexual relationship outside of marriage 58 At the same time Archbishop Aspinall stated that he personally does not take an official position 59 Despite what the spokesman said however an Anglican priest came out as gay in 2005 in Melbourne 60 In the Diocese of Perth there are gay and lesbian clergy serving in the priesthood 61 Archbishop Roger Herft as a diocesan bishop support ed blessing gay unions 62 In 2012 a bishop appoint ed a gay priest in a same sex partnership to a Gippsland parish 63 The Anglican Diocese of Sydney the largest of the country has expressed its opposition to same sex unions and has been involved in the Anglican realignment as a member of the Fellowship of Confessing Anglicans 64 However many clergy and bishops support same sex unions The Wangaratta and Ballarat dioceses have voted to support the blessing of same sex civil unions 65 66 67 The Dioceses of Wangaratta and Newcastle have approved of blessing rites for same sex marriages 68 69 70 Blessings for same sex unions are also permitted in the Diocese of Brisbane 71 72 In 2012 the Diocese of Gippsland appointed an openly partnered gay priest 73 74 In 2013 the Diocese of Perth voted in favour of recognising same sex unions 75 Archbishop Roger Herft vetoed the Perth motion 76 In 2015 the Bishop of Wangaratta endorsed same sex marriage legislation and some diocesan clergy offered to perform gay marriages when allowed to do so 77 78 In the Diocese of Grafton former bishop Sarah Macneil took an affirming stance 79 Bishop Greg Thompson of the Diocese of Newcastle had taken a stance in favour of gay rights 80 In 2015 an arm of the Anglican Church in Southern Queensland voted in favour of same sex civil unions 81 82 Also Bishop Kay Goldsworthy appointed an openly gay and partnered priest to another post 83 In response the Sydney synod passed a resolution stating that the diocese views the actions of the Bishop of Gippsland as a breach of collegiality and fellowship at a profound level 84 In 2016 the Bishop of Ballarat declared his support for same sex marriage 85 In April 2016 a parish in the Diocese of Perth blessed the union of a same sex couple 86 At General Synod in 2017 the synod passed a resolution criticising the Scottish Episcopal Church for its acceptance of same sex marriage as well as an additional resolution calling for the church in Australia to have a series of conversations on its understanding of sexuality 87 Also in 2017 the Diocese of Perth in Western Australia elected Bishop Kay Goldsworthy as its archbishop Goldsworthy said that she supports an inclusive approach to same sex marriage 88 Archbishop Goldsworthy revealed that she had voted Yes in the same sex marriage survey 48 In 2022 Goldsworthy ordained an openly gay man in a civil partnership in Perth 89 90 Regarding transgender issues there are dioceses and congregations with serving transgender clergy In 2017 Archbishop Phillip Aspinall asked for prayerful support for the Revd Josephine Inkpin who had transitioned and come out as a transgender woman 91 The Archbishop of Brisbane Dr Phillip Aspinall supported Dr Inkpin and passed on her statement to clergy in July 2017 along with his wish that unhelpful speculation might be avoided 92 Inkpin continues to serve in the Brisbane diocese 93 She shared that the bishops and leaders of the Diocese of Brisbane have assisted in arrangements for enabling her public recognition of gender Inkpin who is married to the Revd Penny Jones one of the first female priests ordained in Australia is the first openly transgender priest in Australia 94 The State Library of Queensland interviewed Inkpin and her wife about the intersection of gender faith religion and identity for their Dangerous Women podcast 95 Controversy over LGBT issues caused a split from the Church in 2022 former Bishop of Sydney Glenn Davies alongside two congregations left the Anglican Church of Australia to form the newly formed Diocese of the Southern Cross which is affiliated to the conservative Global Fellowship of Confessing Anglicans GAFCON 96 97 The split was endorsed by the Anglican Bishop of Tasmania Richard Condie but was described as dangerous for the Church by the Archbishop of Canterbury Justin Welby 98 99 Provinces and dioceses Edit St Paul s Cathedral Melbourne seen from Flinders Street station The whole church is led by the primate Geoffrey Smith Archbishop of Adelaide The provinces and dioceses are listed with each diocese s bishop or archbishop Province of South Australia Metropolitan Geoffrey Smith Archbishop of Adelaide Adelaide Archbishop Geoffrey Smith The Murray Keith Dalby Willochra Jeremy James Province of New South Wales Metropolitan Kanishka Raffel Archbishop of Sydney Armidale Rod Chiswell Bathurst Mark Calder Canberra and Goulburn Mark Short Grafton Murray Harvey Newcastle Peter Stuart Riverina Donald Kirk Sydney Archbishop Kanishka Raffel Province of Victoria Metropolitan Philip Freier Archbishop of Melbourne Ballarat Garry Weatherill Bendigo Matthew Brain Gippsland Richard Treloar Melbourne Archbishop Philip Freier Wangaratta Clarence Bester Province of Queensland Metropolitan currently vacant Archbishop of Brisbane Brisbane Archbishop currently vacant North Queensland Keith Joseph Northern Territory Greg Anderson Rockhampton Peter Grice Province of Western Australia Metropolitan Kay Goldsworthy Archbishop of Perth Bunbury Ian Coutts North West Australia Darrell Parker Perth Archbishop Kay Goldsworthy Extraprovincial diocese Tasmania Richard Condie Map of dioceses Edit KEY to province colours New South Wales Victoria Queensland Western Australia South Australia Extraprovincial Tasmania SYDNEY Newcastle Canberra amp Goulburn Grafton Bathurst Riverina Armidale MELBOURNE Ballarat Bendigo Gippsland Wangaratta BRISBANE North Queensland Rockhampton Northern Territory PERTH Bunbury North West Australia ADELAIDE Willochra The Murray A number of former dioceses have been merged into the current diocese or have formed other Anglican churches Carpentaria formerly part of the Province of Queensland 1900 1996 and now part of the Diocese of North Queensland Kalgoorlie formerly part of the Province of Western Australia 1914 1973 and now part of the Diocese of Perth New Guinea formerly part of the Province of Queensland 1898 1976 and now the Anglican Church of Papua New Guinea St Arnaud formerly part of the Province of Victoria 1926 1976 and now part of the Diocese of Bendigo Ecumenical relations EditThe church is a member of the Christian Conference of Asia Relation with the Anglican realignment EditThe Anglican Diocese of Sydney has been a leading name in the Anglican realignment since they first opposed the sexuality policies of the Episcopal Church of the United States and the Anglican Church of Canada Archbishop Peter Jensen attended the first Global Anglican Future Conference in June 2008 in Jerusalem and was the chairman of GAFCON The Anglican Diocese of Sydney and the Anglican Diocese of North West Australia have declared themselves in full communion with the Anglican Church in North America started in June 2009 which represents Anglican realignment in United States and Canada 100 101 The Fellowship of Confessing Anglicans was launched in Australia on 26 March 2015 in a conference held in Melbourne that reunited 460 members including 40 from New Zealand and was attended by Archbishop Eliud Wabukala from the Anglican Church of Kenya their international chairman Archbishop Stanley Ntagali from the Anglican Church of Uganda and Archbishop Glenn Davies from the Anglican Diocese of Sydney The then archdeacon of the Anglican Diocese of Melbourne now bishop Richard Condie of the Anglican Diocese of Tasmania became chairman of FCA Australia 102 The Anglican Church of Australia passed a motion at their General Synod on 7 September 2017 condemning the Scottish Episcopal Church decision to approve same sex marriage as contrary to the doctrine of our church and the teaching of Christ and declaring itself in impaired communion with the province It also expressed support for those Anglicans who have left or will need to leave because of its redefinition of marriage and those who struggle and remain and presented their prayers for the return of SEC to the doctrine of Christ in this matter and the restoration of the impaired communion 103 The Anglican Church of Australia was represented at GAFCON III held in Jerusalem on 17 22 June 2018 by a 218 members delegation which included Archbishop Glenn Davies of Sydney and bishops Richard Condie of Tasmania Gary Nelson of North West Australia and Ian Palmer of Bathurst 104 105 In 2022 the Diocese of the Southern Cross became the first Australian Anglican diocese to form outside the Anglican Church of Australia 106 See also Edit Christianity portal Australia portalChristianity in Australia Anglican Communion sexual abuse casesReferences Edit a b Archbishop Geoffrey Smith elected Primate of the Anglican Church of Australia Anglican Communion News Service Anglican Communion Office 7 April 2020 Retrieved 8 April 2020 The Church of England in Australia and Tasmania www findandconnect gov au Retrieved 17 August 2022 Census vs Attendance 2001 National Church Life Survey Number of Australian Anglicans falls by 580 000 in five years Census 2016 tma melbourneanglican org au Retrieved 11 September 2017 Munoz Daniel May 2016 North to South A Reappraisal of Anglican Communion Membership Figures Journal of Anglican Studies 14 1 71 95 doi 10 1017 S1740355315000212 ISSN 1740 3553 PM Ruth Gledhill 12 November 2015 4 34 Anglican membership figures could be out by millions www christiantoday com Retrieved 27 July 2021 Greg Sheridan God is Good for You Allen amp Unwin 2018 p 25 a b Baker Jordan Anglican church splits conservatives form Australian breakaway Sydney Morning Herald Retrieved 16 August 2022 a b K J Cable Johnson Richard 1753 1827 Biographical Entry Australian Dictionary of Biography Online Adbonline anu edu au Retrieved 10 July 2013 A T Yarwood Marsden Samuel 1765 1838 Biographical Entry Australian Dictionary of Biography Online Adbonline anu edu au Retrieved 10 July 2013 Catholic Encyclopedia Australia Newadvent org Retrieved 10 July 2013 a b The Catholic Community in Australia Catholic Australia Archived from the original on 24 March 2012 Retrieved 10 July 2013 T L Suttor Plunkett John Hubert 1802 1869 Biographical Entry Australian Dictionary of Biography Online Adbonline anu edu au Retrieved 10 July 2013 a b c d 1 Archived 9 March 2010 at the Wayback Machine Cultural diversity 1301 0 Year Book Australia 2008 Australian Bureau of Statistics 7 February 2008 Archived from the original on 13 February 2010 Retrieved 15 February 2010 When did the Church of England become the Anglican Church of Australia Archived 11 March 2011 at the Wayback Machine Anglican Church of Australia website Archived from the original on 14 October 2009 Retrieved 29 May 2010 Anglican Church of Australia World Council of Churches Retrieved 10 November 2016 Bishops ruling shatters stained glass ceiling The Sydney Morning Herald 29 September 2007 a b COWIE TOM 19 October 2013 Ballarat Anglican church approves women priests Retrieved 10 November 2016 Davies Matthew 11 April 2008 Australia appoints first woman bishop Episcopalchurch org Archived from the original on 22 January 2009 Retrieved 19 November 2010 Australia Sarah Macneil appointed first female diocesan bishop 18 November 2013 Retrieved 10 November 2016 Australia s first woman diocesan bishop consecrated Retrieved 10 November 2016 a b c About Australia Religious Freedom Archived 6 August 2010 at the Wayback Machine Anglican Archbishop of Sydney Peter Jensen Sunday Profile Australian Broadcasting Corporation Archived from the original on 18 October 2007 Retrieved 10 July 2013 2 Archived 27 October 2009 at the Wayback Machine Anglican Church of Australia s Board of Electors to hold fresh election for primate Anglican Communion News Service Anglican Communion Office 31 March 2020 Retrieved 2 April 2020 Rowland Croucher God Wants You To Love Me Sexual Abuse in the Anglican Church John Mark Ministries Jmm aaa net au Retrieved 10 July 2013 Amelia Bentley 24 April 2009 Priest admits sex abuse of altar boys Brisbane Times Retrieved 10 July 2013 Sydney diocese declares breach of fellowship with Australian Church www churchtimes co uk Retrieved 27 September 2022 Contact Us Broughton Publishing Archived from the original on 25 October 2014 Retrieved 2 November 2014 Statistics c AU o Commonwealth of Australia ou Australian Bureau of QuickStats Retrieved 10 November 2016 2021 Australia Census All persons QuickStats Australian Bureau of Statistics www abs gov au Retrieved 17 August 2022 Greg Sheridan God is Good for You Allen amp Unwin 2018 p 26 3 Archived 17 March 2010 at the Wayback Machine Heritage Branch Website Online Database Heritage nsw gov au 27 June 2013 Retrieved 10 July 2013 History Goulburncathedral org au Archived from the original on 16 June 2013 Retrieved 10 July 2013 4 Archived 6 March 2010 at the Wayback Machine Australian Convict Site amp Attractions near Hobart Tasmania Port Arthur 13 May 2013 Retrieved 10 July 2013 Welcome St Peter s Cathedral Archived 23 May 2010 at the Wayback Machine NOTES OF THE MONTH Church of England Messenger and Ecclesiastical Gazette for the Diocese of Melbourne and Ballarat Vic 1876 1889 5 March 1884 p 3 Retrieved 13 March 2021 Twenty years of female Anglican priests Australian Broadcasting Corporation Retrieved 28 April 2016 Kay Goldsworthy to become new Anglican Bishop of Gippsland Australian Broadcasting Corporation Retrieved 28 April 2016 www eastgippslanddesign com au Kay Goldsworthy Anglican Diocese of Gippsland www gippsanglican org au Archived from the original on 22 April 2017 Retrieved 15 May 2017 Are women able to be priests in the Anglican Church of Australia Anglican Church of Australia Retrieved 28 April 2016 First woman deacon in The Murray Church Times UK Retrieved 15 May 2017 Anglican Church elects Australia s first female Archbishop ABC News 29 August 2017 Retrieved 11 September 2017 a b God would oppose the new female leader says WA bishop The West Australian 15 February 2018 Retrieved 24 February 2018 MINUTES OF THE FOURTH DAY OF THE SEVENTEENTH GENERAL SYNOD OF THE ANGLICAN CHURCH OF AUSTRALIA HELD IN SYNOD HALL WANDINY ROOM NOVOTEL TWIN WATERS RESORT MAROOCHYDORE ON THURSDAY 7 SEPTEMBER 2017 PDF Anglican Church of Australia Retrieved 16 January 2018 No sanctions against Melbourne gay marriage priests Anglican Ink 2018 c 1 June 2018 Retrieved 4 June 2018 AD Clerum Changes to the Marriage Law Scribd Retrieved 4 June 2018 Australian tribunal clears way for same sex marriage blessings www churchtimes co uk Retrieved 14 November 2020 A sign that God loves you and we welcome you Anglican diocese allows blessings of same sex marriages www abc net au 12 November 2020 Retrieved 14 November 2020 Wangaratta s same sex wedding blessing valid Australia s highest Church court rules www anglicannews org Retrieved 14 November 2020 Anglican Church around the world 15 July 2008 Retrieved 24 February 2018 Eddington Bill 1 July 2001 In Brief Ordination of Gay Priests Defining Issue for Anglicans in Australia United Church of God Retrieved 29 April 2016 Lateline 25 02 2004 Archbishop Peter Carnley suggests lifelong friendships over gay marriage Australian Broadcasting Corporation Archived from the original on 31 July 2016 Retrieved 31 March 2017 Gay clergy banned in Australia The Church of England Newspaper 22 April 2012 p 7 Geoconger wordpress com Retrieved 10 July 2013 Attard Monica The Primate of the Anglican Church of Australia Dr Phillip Aspinall Australian Broadcasting Corporation Retrieved 11 April 2016 Zwartz Barney Gay priest calls for greater acceptance The Age Retrieved 17 April 2016 Herft Roger 8 October 2013 SYNOD MOTION HUMAN SEXUALITY PDF perth anglican dort Anglican Diocese of Perth Retrieved 10 December 2016 Anglicans look for leader with a healing touch The Sydney Morning Herald Retrieved 31 March 2017 Porter Muriel 16 June 2014 Bishop whose heart lay with the alien and the outsider The Sydney Morning Herald Retrieved 14 May 2017 Porter Muriel Sydney Anglicans and the threat to world Anglicanism Australian Broadcasting Corporation Retrieved 14 April 2016 Morgan Shana 25 June 2018 Church says blessings should be for same sex love too The Border Mail Archived from the original on 28 June 2018 Retrieved 28 June 2018 Ballarat Synod Asks Bishop to Authorise a liturgy for Same Sex Blessings Anglican Ink 2018 c 30 October 2018 Archived from the original on 31 October 2018 Retrieved 30 October 2018 Ford Alex 5 November 2018 Motion to bless gay weddings passed at Anglican synod The Courier Retrieved 7 November 2018 Morgan Shana 31 August 2019 Love vote Gay couple to be the first blessed by church after marriage The Border Mail Retrieved 1 September 2019 Ould David 31 August 2019 Australian diocese approves same sex marriage Anglican Ink c 2019 Retrieved 1 September 2019 Newcastle Anglicans support gay marriage 7NEWS com au 27 October 2019 Retrieved 27 October 2019 The Dean s Weekly Update 30 June 2022 114 retrieved 26 August 2022 The doctrine of marriage in the Anglican Church of Australia has it changed Anglican Ink c 2022 anglican ink Retrieved 26 August 2022 ABC Gippsland Bishop defends gay priest appointment Australian Broadcasting Corporation Retrieved 12 January 2016 Anglican spat over gay priest 23 February 2012 Retrieved 7 June 2016 Perth Anglicans vote to recognise same sex relationships Australian Broadcasting Corporation Retrieved 12 January 2016 Archbishop rejects formal recognition of same sex relationships ABC News 29 October 2013 Retrieved 10 December 2016 Bush bishop supports same sex marriage Australian Broadcasting Corporation Retrieved 12 January 2016 DOW AISHA 19 November 2012 Gays to wed at St Matthew s Retrieved 8 July 2016 Porter Muriel First woman diocesan for Australia consecrated Church Times Retrieved 14 February 2016 Is the Australian Anglican Church in the Throes of Schism Virtueonline The Voice for Global Orthodox Anglicanism Retrieved 10 November 2016 Same sex marriage Arm of Anglican Church supports civil unions in Queensland Courier Mail Couriermail Retrieved 11 April 2016 Anglican leader backs Qld same sex unions bill ABC News 26 October 2011 Retrieved 11 October 2017 MCCARTHY JOANNE 22 February 2016 Gay clergy tensions before Anglican conference Newcastle Herald Retrieved 29 April 2016 Sydney Synod Grieved by actions of Bishops of Gippsland and Wangaratta davidould net 16 October 2015 Retrieved 11 September 2017 Ballarat s Anglican Bishop declares support for same sex marriage 15 September 2016 Retrieved 15 September 2016 Anglican priest running LGBTI parish service in Perth ABC News 8 October 2016 Retrieved 26 October 2016 Australian Anglicans criticises Scottish Church for departing from teachings of Christ Premier Christian Radio 8 September 2017 Retrieved 11 September 2017 Perth s new Anglican archbishop supports gay marriage The West Australian 29 August 2017 Retrieved 11 September 2017 Archbishop of Perth set to proceed with ordination that will split the diocese Anglican Ink c 2022 anglican ink Retrieved 26 August 2022 Same sex relationships to be debated at next Australian General Synod www churchtimes co uk Retrieved 26 August 2022 Archbishop s statement on sex change priest Anglican Ink 2017 24 July 2017 Archived from the original on 30 July 2018 Retrieved 11 October 2017 Meet Australia s First Transgender Priest The Sydney News 23 February 2018 Retrieved 24 February 2018 Statement on gender transformation from Dr Jo Inkpin Anglican Ink 2017 24 July 2017 Archived from the original on 11 October 2017 Retrieved 11 October 2017 Meet Australia s first transgender priest ABC News 23 February 2018 Retrieved 24 February 2018 This Wikipedia article incorporates CC BY 4 0 licensed text from Dangerous Women Podcast Episode 4 State Library of Queensland State Library of Queensland 2 October 2020 Retrieved 27 May 2021 Baker Jordan 16 August 2022 Australian Anglican church splits as conservatives form breakaway The Sydney Morning Herald Porter Muriel 16 August 2022 Gafcon forms new diocese in Australia and is welcomed by the Archbishop of Sydney Church Times Anglican Bishop defends support for anti gay rebel church Herald Sun 17 August 2022 Baker Jordan 6 October 2022 Anglican schism dangerous for the church says Archbishop of Canterbury The Sydney Morning Herald We see them and embrace them 28 October 2009 Diocese of NW Australia recognizes ACNA as a member church of the Anglican Communion Anglican Church League Website 5 October 2014 Russell Powell FCA underway Sydneyanglicans net Retrieved 4 November 2015 Breaking Australian General Synod notes SEC marriage canon contrary to the doctrine of our Church and the teaching of Christ David Ould Net 7 September 2017 GAFCON III largest pan Anglican gathering since Toronto Congress of 1963 Anglican Ink 20 June 2018 Australian Diocesan Bishops speak on the Gafcon 2018 conference statement Anglican Church League 23 June 2018 Porter Muriel 16 August 2022 Gafcon forms new diocese in Australia and is welcomed by the Archbishop of Sydney Church Times Retrieved 16 August 2022 Further reading EditBlombery Tricia 1996 The Anglicans in Australia Canberra Australian Government Publishing Service ISBN 978 0 644 45913 6 Breward Ian A History of the Australian Churches Bunting Ian ed 1996 Celebrating the Anglican Way London Hodder amp Stoughton ISBN 978 0 340 64268 9 Davis John 1993 Australian Anglicans and their Constitution Canberra Acorn Press ISBN 978 0 908284 14 6 Elkin A P 1955 The Diocese of Newcastle A History Harris John One Blood 200 Years of Aboriginal Encounter with Christianity Hilliard David 1986 Godliness and Good Order A History of the Anglican Church in South Australia Netley South Australia Wakefield Press ISBN 978 0 949268 45 7 Judd Stephen Cable Kenneth J Sydney Anglicans A History of the Diocese Sydney Anglican Information Office Kaye Bruce Norman 1995 A Church Without Walls Being Anglican in Australia North Blackburn Victoria Dove ISBN 978 1 86371 557 7 Porter Brian ed 1997 Melbourne Anglican The Diocese of Melbourne 1847 1997 Melbourne Mitre Books ISBN 978 1 86407 181 8 Porter Muriel 1989 Women in the Church The Great Ordination Debate in Australia Ringwood Victoria Penguin Books ISBN 978 0 14 013041 6 2006 The New Puritans The Rise of Fundamentalism in the Anglican Church Carlton Victoria Melbourne University Publishing ISBN 978 0 522 85184 7 External links EditOfficial website Anglican Communion Anglican Church of Australia Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Anglican Church of Australia amp oldid 1141431370, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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