Listed are the most influential reformers only. They are listed by movement, although some reformers influenced multiple movements and are included in each respective section.
Fictitious dispute between the leading Protestant Reformers (sitting at the left side of the table: Luther, Zwingli, Calvin, Melanchthon, Bugenhagen and Oecolampadius) and the representatives of the Catholic Church
There were also a number of people who initially cooperated with the Radical Reformers, but separated from them to form a "Second Front", principally in objection to sacralism. Among these were:
^F. L. Cross; E. A. Livingstone, eds. (13 March 1997). The Oxford Dictionary of the Christian Church, 3rd edition. USA: Oxford University Press. pp. 359. ISBN0-19-211655-X.
^"Gottschalk Of Orbais | Roman Catholic theologian". Britannica.com. Retrieved 2021-10-27.
^caryslmbrown (2017-07-18). "Reformation parallels: the case of Gottschalk of Orbais". Doing History in Public. Retrieved 2021-10-27.
^Lockridge, Kenneth R. "Gottschalk "Fulgentius" of Orbais".
^Minton, Gretchen E. (2014-01-26). John Bale's 'The Image of Both Churches'. Springer Science & Business Media. ISBN978-94-007-7296-0. Berengar of Tours was an 11th-century theologian who argued that the doctrine of transubstantiation was contrary to reason and unsupported by scripture
^Siebeck, Mohr (11 March 2016). Prophecy, Piety, and the Problem of Historicity: Interpreting the Hebrew. Germany. p. 372. ISBN978-3-16-154270-1. Berengar of Tours (c. 1005-1088), Bernand of Clairvaux, the Waldensians in the twelfth century, the Albigensians in the thirteenth century and John Wycliffe (x. 1330-1385) and Jan Hus (c. 1370-1415) in the fourteenth and fifteenth centuries, are all prefigured in the poetic images of Solomon's Songs. They all become forerunners of Luther and Calvin{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
^Jung, Emma; Franz, Marie-Luise von (1998). The Grail Legend. Princeton University Press. ISBN978-0-691-00237-8. Berengar of Tours (first half og the eleventh century), whose views occasioned the dispute known as the Second Eucharistic Controversy. Berengar aught that the body and the blood of the Lord were no "real" in the Eucharist but a specific image or likeleness ("figuram quandam similitudinem"). He was thus a forerunner of the Reformers.
^"Pierre Valdo (1140-1217) and the Waldenses". Musée protestant. Retrieved 2021-12-31.
^"Philip Schaff: History of the Christian Church, Volume VI: The Middle Ages. A.D. 1294-1517 - Christian Classics Ethereal Library". www.ccel.org. Retrieved 2021-12-23.
^"The forms of communication employed by the Protestant Reformers and especially Luther and Calvin" (PDF). Pharos Journal of Theology. 98. 2016. John of Wessel was one member in the group who attacked indulgences (Reddy 2004:115). The doctrine of justification by faith alone was the teaching of John of Wessel (Kuiper 1982:151). He rejected the doctrine of transubstantiation where it is believed when the priest pronounces the sacraments then the wine and bread in turned into the real body and blood of Christ
^"Philip Schaff: History of the Christian Church, Volume VI: The Middle Ages. A.D. 1294-1517 - Christian Classics Ethereal Library". www.ccel.org. Retrieved 2021-12-23.
^"Lollard | English religious history". Britannica.com. Retrieved 2021-10-27.
^"Jan Hus (1369-1415) and the Hussite wars (1419-1436)". museéprotestant. from the original on Jun 18, 2023.
Further readingedit
George, Timothy. Theology of the Reformers. Nashville, Tenn.: Broadman Press, 1988. ISBN978-0805401950. N.B.: Comparative studies of the various leaders of the Magisterial and Radical movements of the 16th century Protestant Reformation.
February 15, 2024
protestant, reformers, full, detailed, list, known, list, were, theologians, whose, careers, works, actions, brought, about, protestant, reformation, 16th, century, context, reformation, martin, luther, first, reformer, sharing, views, publicly, 1517, followed. For a full and detailed list of all known Protestant Reformers see List of Protestant Reformers Protestant Reformers were theologians whose careers works and actions brought about the Protestant Reformation of the 16th century In the context of the Reformation Martin Luther was the first reformer sharing his views publicly in 1517 followed by Andreas Karlstadt and Philip Melanchthon at Wittenberg who promptly joined the new movement In 1519 Huldrych Zwingli became the first reformer to express a form of the Reformed tradition Listed are the most influential reformers only They are listed by movement although some reformers influenced multiple movements and are included in each respective section Contents 1 Notable precursors 2 Magisterial Reformers 2 1 Lutheran 2 2 Reformed 2 3 Anglican 2 4 Arminian 2 5 Unitarian 3 Radical Reformers 3 1 Anabaptist 3 2 Schwenkfelder 4 Second Front Reformers 4 1 Anabaptist 5 Counter Reformers 5 1 Roman Catholic 6 See also 7 References 8 Further readingNotable precursors editMain article Proto Protestantism Throughout the Middle Ages according to Edmund Hamer Broadbent there were a number of Christian movements that sought a return to what they perceived as the purity of the Apostolic church and whose teachings foreshadowed Protestant ideas 1 Claudius of Turin 2 Gottschalk of Orbais 3 4 5 Berengar of Tours 6 7 8 Peter Waldo 9 Lorenzo Valla 10 Wessel Gansfort 11 Girolamo Savonarola 12 Jacques Lefevre d Etaples 13 John Wycliffe 14 Jan Hus 15 Magisterial Reformers edit nbsp Fictitious dispute between the leading Protestant Reformers sitting at the left side of the table Luther Zwingli Calvin Melanchthon Bugenhagen and Oecolampadius and the representatives of the Catholic ChurchThere were a number of key reformers within the Magisterial Reformation including Lutheran edit Martin Luther Philipp Melanchthon Justus Jonas Martin Chemnitz Georg Spalatin Joachim Westphal Andreas Osiander Johannes Brenz Johannes Bugenhagen Andreas Karlstadt later a Radical Reformer Hans Tausen Mikael Agricola Primoz Trubar Jiri TranovskyReformed edit Huldrych Zwingli Martin Bucer John Calvin Heinrich Bullinger Theodore Beza William Farel John Knox Wolfgang Capito Johannes Oecolampadius Peter Martyr Vermigli Leo JudAnglican edit Thomas Cranmer Thomas Cromwell Matthew Parker William Tyndale Hugh Latimer Richard HookerArminian edit Jacobus ArminiusUnitarian edit Ferenc DavidRadical Reformers editImportant reformers of the Radical Reformation included Anabaptist edit Thomas Muntzer Zwickau prophets John of Leiden Menno Simons Dirk WillemsSchwenkfelder edit Kaspar SchwenkfeldSecond Front Reformers editThere were also a number of people who initially cooperated with the Radical Reformers but separated from them to form a Second Front principally in objection to sacralism Among these were Anabaptist edit Johannes Bunderlin Hans Denck Christian Entfelder Conrad Grebel Balthasar Hubmaier Felix ManzCounter Reformers editRoman Catholics who worked against the Protestant Reformation included Roman Catholic edit Girolamo Aleandro Augustine Alveld Thomas Cajetan Johann Cochlaeus Johann Eck Jerome Emser Pope Leo X John Tetzel Thomas More Ignatius Loyola Francis de Sales Pope Paul III Pope Pius V Charles Borromeo Francis Xavier Peter Faber Diego LaynezSee also editList of Protestant Reformers alphabetical Protestantism in GermanyReferences edit Broadbent E H 1931 The Pilgrim Church Basingstoke Pickering amp Inglis ISBN 0720806771 F L Cross E A Livingstone eds 13 March 1997 The Oxford Dictionary of the Christian Church 3rd edition USA Oxford University Press pp 359 ISBN 0 19 211655 X Gottschalk Of Orbais Roman Catholic theologian Britannica com Retrieved 2021 10 27 caryslmbrown 2017 07 18 Reformation parallels the case of Gottschalk of Orbais Doing History in Public Retrieved 2021 10 27 Lockridge Kenneth R Gottschalk Fulgentius of Orbais Minton Gretchen E 2014 01 26 John Bale s The Image of Both Churches Springer Science amp Business Media ISBN 978 94 007 7296 0 Berengar of Tours was an 11th century theologian who argued that the doctrine of transubstantiation was contrary to reason and unsupported by scripture Siebeck Mohr 11 March 2016 Prophecy Piety and the Problem of Historicity Interpreting the Hebrew Germany p 372 ISBN 978 3 16 154270 1 Berengar of Tours c 1005 1088 Bernand of Clairvaux the Waldensians in the twelfth century the Albigensians in the thirteenth century and John Wycliffe x 1330 1385 and Jan Hus c 1370 1415 in the fourteenth and fifteenth centuries are all prefigured in the poetic images of Solomon s Songs They all become forerunners of Luther and Calvin a href Template Cite book html title Template Cite book cite book a CS1 maint location missing publisher link Jung Emma Franz Marie Luise von 1998 The Grail Legend Princeton University Press ISBN 978 0 691 00237 8 Berengar of Tours first half og the eleventh century whose views occasioned the dispute known as the Second Eucharistic Controversy Berengar aught that the body and the blood of the Lord were no real in the Eucharist but a specific image or likeleness figuram quandam similitudinem He was thus a forerunner of the Reformers Pierre Valdo 1140 1217 and the Waldenses Musee protestant Retrieved 2021 12 31 Philip Schaff History of the Christian Church Volume VI The Middle Ages A D 1294 1517 Christian Classics Ethereal Library www ccel org Retrieved 2021 12 23 The forms of communication employed by the Protestant Reformers and especially Luther and Calvin PDF Pharos Journal of Theology 98 2016 John of Wessel was one member in the group who attacked indulgences Reddy 2004 115 The doctrine of justification by faith alone was the teaching of John of Wessel Kuiper 1982 151 He rejected the doctrine of transubstantiation where it is believed when the priest pronounces the sacraments then the wine and bread in turned into the real body and blood of Christ Chisholm Hugh ed 1911 Savonarola Girolamo Encyclopaedia Britannica 11th ed Cambridge University Press Philip Schaff History of the Christian Church Volume VI The Middle Ages A D 1294 1517 Christian Classics Ethereal Library www ccel org Retrieved 2021 12 23 Lollard English religious history Britannica com Retrieved 2021 10 27 Jan Hus 1369 1415 and the Hussite wars 1419 1436 museeprotestant Archived from the original on Jun 18 2023 Further reading editGeorge Timothy Theology of the Reformers Nashville Tenn Broadman Press 1988 ISBN 978 0805401950 N B Comparative studies of the various leaders of the Magisterial and Radical movements of the 16th century Protestant Reformation Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Protestant Reformers amp oldid 1167625920, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
