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Indianapolis 500 traditions

April 09, 2024

Due to the longevity of the Indianapolis 500, numerous traditions surrounding the race have developed over the years. Traditions include procedures for the running of the race, scheduling, and pre-race and post-race festivities. For many fans, these traditions are an important aspect of the race, and they have often reacted quite negatively when the traditions are changed or broken.

Jim Nabors performed "Back Home Again in Indiana" before the start of the race nearly every year from 1972 to 2014.
2011 Indianapolis 500 winner Dan Wheldon celebrating with a bottle of milk in victory lane.

As part of the Memorial Day holiday weekend, the pre-race ceremonies of the Indianapolis 500 feature several patriotic songs. Like most other sporting events, the national anthem is performed before the race by a notable vocalist. The most noteworthy and most popular traditions are the annual singing of the chorus of "Back Home Again in Indiana," and the victory lane bottle of milk.

Month of May edit

The two to three weeks of practice and qualifying leading up to the Indianapolis 500 is known in racing circles simply as "the month of May [at Indianapolis]". In early years, the track traditionally opened for practice on May 1 (regardless of the day of the week). This practice dated back to 1911. The policy was typically to make the track available for practice no later than May 1, although in most years, few if any competitors might be on the grounds yet. It was not uncommon for local entries to begin setting up in the garage area in early/mid-April to work on their cars. Out-of-town or overseas entries sometimes arrived in Indianapolis (sometimes after lengthy travels) and set up shop in a local garage before moving into the track. In some years, the track might even be available for practice and testing as early as mid-April. For instance, in 1932, cars began to arrive on April 6, and in 1969, the first day of practice was April 28. In very early years, it was not uncommon for the track to be closed on Sundays during practice, or be open for only competitors with the gates closed to the public. In 1974, due to the energy crisis, the schedule was reduced, and the track opened instead three weeks before race day. The change was well-received, and the new schedule was made permanent, with various tweaks over the years.

In 2014, a second race at Indianapolis was introduced to the IndyCar Series schedule, conducted on the track's road course. The new event is held two weeks before the 500.[1]

Though not part of the month of May, since the mid-2010s, Founders Day has been recognized and celebrated at the Speedway each year on March 20. That coincides with the date in 1909 in which the Speedway was incorporated. Since 2017, Founders Day is used to announce inductees of the Indianapolis Motor Speedway Hall of Fame, with the formal induction taking place during the month of May.

Memorial Day edit

The race has always been scheduled in conjunction with Memorial Day. Through 1970, the race was held on Memorial Day proper (May 30), regardless of the day of the week, unless it fell on Sunday. In those cases it was scheduled for Monday May 31. After the Uniform Monday Holiday Act took effect in 1971, the race was scheduled as part of the three-day Memorial Day weekend - either the Saturday, the Sunday, or the Monday of the holiday weekend. Since 1974, the race has been scheduled for the Sunday of Memorial Day weekend, and has been held on a Sunday with only two exceptions due to rain delays.

Sundays were avoided for scheduling race activity dating all the way back to pre-500 races in 1909 and 1910. In early decades, Sundays were occasionally used for practice and/or qualifying, but were used sparingly in pre-World War II years. In some early years, practice may have been permitted on Sundays, but the gates might not be open to the public. When Tony Hulman bought the Speedway after World War II, Speedway management continued to refuse to schedule the race on a Sunday, a policy that stayed in place through 1973. Qualifying and practice, however, were regularly held on Sundays during those years, with no days closed to spectators.

  • From 1911 to 1970, the race was scheduled for May 30, regardless of the day of the week. If May 30 fell on a Sunday, the race was scheduled for Monday May 31.
    • For the first 500 in 1911, May 30 fell on a Tuesday.
    • In 1915, May 30 fell on a Sunday, and the race was initially scheduled for Saturday May 29. Heavy rains fell in the days leading up to the race flooding the grounds and made some dirt roads leading to the track impassible. A few days before the race was to be held, officials decided to postpone the race until Monday May 31 in order to allow time for the grounds to dry out.
    • In 1919, the race was held Saturday May 31. It was first race after the conclusion of World War I. The race was deliberately moved off Memorial Day (Friday May 30) and pushed to Saturday so as not to detract from the holiday.[2]
    • May 30 fell on Sunday in 1920, 1926, 1937, 1948, 1954, and 1965. In each of those years, the race was held on Monday May 31.
    • The final race under that scheduling format (1970) was on Saturday May 30.
  • In 1971 and 1972, the race was held on the Saturday of Memorial Day weekend.
  • In 1973, the race was scheduled for Memorial Day Monday. The change was made after requests from spectators, many complaining that it was inconvenient to the many people who had to work on Saturdays.[3] In addition, it allowed the popular 500 Festival Parade to run downtown during the daytime, rather than as the night parade it had been forced to be for years. Despite the change, rain and accidents delayed the race until Wednesday.
  • Since 1974, the race has been scheduled for the Sunday of Memorial Day weekend.
  • In case of a rainout on Sunday, the race will be rescheduled for the following day, Monday - the Memorial Day federal holiday. Monday is the prioritized make-up date, however, if it rains again on Monday, the race will be shifted to the next available day.
  • The 1986 race was scheduled for Sunday May 25, but was it rained out on both Sunday, and Monday. It was postponed to the following weekend, and held on Saturday May 31.
  • The 1997 race was scheduled for Sunday May 25, but rain washed out the day. The race began the next day, on Memorial Day (Monday May 26), but rain showers moved back into the area. The race was halted after 15 laps, and could not be restarted. Short of the 101 laps needed for an official race, track officials elected to resume the race on the following day (Tuesday May 27). The race was run to completion, as laps 16–200 were completed on Tuesday.
  • The 2020 race was scheduled for Sunday May 24, but due to the global pandemic, was rescheduled for Sunday August 23 in an attempt to allow spectators (which Marion County refused; spectators were eventually allowed for the third INDYCAR meeting at the Speedway, the Harvest Grand Prix in October 2020).

Armed Forces Day also falls during the month of May, and usually coincides with one of the weekends of time trials. Since 1978 at the Speedway, that weekend is often filled with activities honoring the U.S. military, including an oath of enlistment ceremony.

Days and dates edit

Day Total Years
Sunday 47 1974, 1975, 1976, 1977, 1978, 1979, 1980, 1981, 1982, 1983, 1984, 1985, 1987, 1988, 1989, 1990, 1991, 1992, 1993, 1994, 1995, 1996, 1998, 1999, 2000, 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008, 2009, 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014, 2015, 2016, 2017, 2018, 2019, 2020, 2021, 2022, 2023
Monday 15 1915, 1920, 1921, 1926, 1927, 1932, 1937, 1938, 1948, 1949, 1954, 1955, 1960, 1965, 1966
Tuesday 8 1911, 1916, 1922, 1933, 1939, 1950, 1961, 1997
Wednesday 8 1923, 1934, 1940, 1951, 1956, 1962, 1967, 1973
Thursday 8 1912, 1928, 1929, 1935, 1946, 1957, 1963, 1968
Friday 8 1913, 1924, 1930, 1941, 1947, 1952, 1958, 1969
Saturday 12 1914, 1919, 1925, 1931, 1936, 1953, 1959, 1964, 1970, 1971, 1972, 1986
Date Total Years
May 24 6 1981, 1987, 1992, 1998, 2009, 2015
May 25 5 1975, 1980, 2003, 2008, 2014
May 26 7 1974, 1985, 1991, 1996, 2002, 2013, 2019
May 27 9 1972, 1979, 1984, 1990, 1997, 2001, 2007, 2012, 2018
May 28 7 1978, 1989, 1995, 2000, 2006, 2017, 2023
May 29 8 1971, 1977, 1983, 1988, 1994, 2005, 2011, 2016, 2022
May 30 54 1911, 1912, 1913, 1914, 1916, 1920, 1921, 1922, 1923, 1924, 1925, 1927, 1928, 1929, 1930, 1931, 1932, 1933, 1934, 1935, 1936, 1938, 1939, 1940, 1941, 1946, 1947, 1949, 1950, 1951, 1952, 1953, 1955, 1956, 1957, 1958, 1959, 1960, 1961, 1962, 1963, 1964, 1966, 1968, 1969, 1970, 1973, 1976, 1982, 1993, 1999, 2004, 2010, 2021
May 31 9 1915, 1919, 1926, 1937, 1948, 1954, 1965, 1967, 1986
August 23 1 2020

Practice and qualifying edit

 
Hélio Castroneves makes his pole-winning qualification run in 2007 during "Happy Hour". Note the shadows cast on the racing surface.
  • Opening Day: The first day of practice is traditionally referred to as "Opening Day." From 1911 to 1973, Opening day was traditionally May 1, although oftentimes the track was made available for practice much earlier than that date. The day is usually marked with festivities and for many years was popularly attended. In some years when May 1 fell mid-week, or if weather interfered, the activity would be light and the formal ceremonies would be held on the first Saturday of the month. Since 1974, the "Opening Day" practice session has been scheduled either three weeks or two weeks prior to race day. The battle to be the First Driver on the Track for the month was a spectacle of Opening Day for many years. Teams and drivers would battle to get their cars prepped and cranked up as soon as officials opened the track, hoping to be the first car to leave the pits, and likewise the first car to complete a practice lap for the month. The effort usually attracted the attention of the smaller teams, as it was seen as a way to draw headlines for the day. The race to be first on the track was usually friendly, although in some years it became heated, drawing the ire of the officials. For a time, it became a tradition that the cars of the Bryant Heating & Cooling Team, and later Dick Simon Racing, were usually the first cars on the track. In recent years, Opening Day might include separate sessions for Rookie Orientation and Refresher tests, proceeding or following a full-field, veteran driver practice session. One of the long-standing traditions of Opening Day is the ceremonial handing over of the keys to the pace car from the manufacturer to the track officials.
  • Rookie Orientation Program: Starting in 1936 all rookies were required to take a rookie test prior to being allowed to compete. The test traditionally consists of multiple phases, each increasing in speed, under the close observation of officials, driver coaches, and both current and former IndyCar Series drivers. Rookie drivers are required to exhibit adequate car control and proper driving lines, among other requirements. After several decades of conducting the tests during normal session of practice (usually early in the month), officials decided to organize the sessions. Since 1981, the Rookie Orientation Program (ROP) has been held in April or early May. The program allows newcomers the opportunity to take their first laps at the Speedway and acclimate themselves to the circuit in a relaxed environment. It would be held without the pressure of veteran drivers crowding the track, without the distraction of spectators, and with minimal media coverage. Currently, drivers can complete all phases of their rookie tests during ROP if conditions allow. The ROP has traditionally been held prior to opening day, however, in some years it served as opening day. Drivers with exceptional driving experience at high levels of motorsports can occasionally receive waivers for participation in ROP, but must still pass their rookie test at a later date before they can practice during normal sessions.
  • Refresher Tests: In addition to Rookie Orientation Program, veteran Indy 500 drivers who have not been behind the wheel of a race car for a considerable amount of time, as determined by the officials, may be required to complete a refresher test prior to competing. Currently the "Refresher Test" consists of the final two phases of the aforementioned rookie test, and it is used to re-acclimate drivers to Indy car racing and the Speedway. Refresher test participants usually are drivers that have not driven in an Indy car, particularly on an oval superspeedway, since the previous year's Indy 500 (or longer). This usually applies to part-time drivers and drivers who have been away from the sport for an extended period of time. Full-time drivers in the IndyCar Series (that are not rookies) are almost universally exempt from taking refresher tests. Track time for refresher tests is usually offered during the Rookie Orientation Program, but they can also be completed on regular practice days unless they did not participate at Indianapolis or another superspeeway the previous year.
 
Scoring pylon at the close of pole day qualifications in 2009.
 
Scott Dixon goes up against Sage Karam during the Pit Stop Challenge at the 2019 Carb Day
  • Practice: Since the first Indianapolis 500 in 1911, the track has been opened for practice early in the month for competitors. Through 1973, it was a tradition that the track was made available for practice beginning on May 1. In some years the track opened as early as mid-April. In 1974, the schedule was cut back to three weeks prior to race day. Since 2010, the track typically opens for practice about two weeks before race day. In the early years, practice began each day as early as 9:00 a.m., but in modern times, the track typically opens at 11 a.m. or 12 p.m. Traditionally, the track closes at 6:00 p.m. During the USAC years, the 6 p.m. close was a hard deadline, but more recent years, if weather delays the start of practice on a particular day, IndyCar officials may extend the session beyond 6 p.m., to make up for some lost track time.
  • Happy Hour: The final hour of practice and qualifying each day is referred to as "Happy Hour". Due to the large double-deck grandstands on the frontstretch, large shadows are cast over a good portion of the track, cooling the asphalt surface. A lower ambient air temperature, along with a lower track surface temperature, usually translates into faster speeds. Since Indiana began observing Daylight Saving Time in 2006, this phenomenon has been somewhat diminished.
  • Fast Friday: The final practice session before pole day qualifying is nicknamed "Fast Friday". The fastest speeds of the month are commonly observed on Fast Friday, as teams and drivers make their final preparations and look for final "bragging rights" before the run for the pole position. Since the current engine formula was adopted in 2012, elevated turbocharger "boost" levels have been permitted on Fast Friday, reflecting the increased level allowed during time trials. Drivers who have been "sandbagging" during the week may choose to reveal their speed, in an effort to distance themselves from the competition. Sometimes the speeds turned in on Fast Friday are overachieved by the respective drivers' due to a tow. Though "Fast Friday" has been a fixture since the 1950s–1960s, the nickname was not coined until about 1996.[4] Track records set on Fast Friday (as well as other practice sessions) are considered unofficial. The sanctioning body only recognizes speeds set during the officially competitive sessions of qualifying and the race.
  • Pole Day: The first day of time trials traditionally was referred to as "Pole Day." The fastest qualifier on pole day wins the highly coveted pole position. Over the years, the "race for the pole" was often regarded as a race in itself, a speed contest, and was advertised as the second-largest single day sporting event (second only to race day itself). Though crowds have diminished for pole day as of late, and rules changes have curtailed speeds, the nickname "The Fastest Day in Motorsports" is still sometimes used. Since 2014, a special two-day format has been utilized for time trials, and the pole position is actually not determined until the conclusion of the second day. The term "pole day" is still widely used, however, to reference the second day in particular.
  • Bump Day: The final day of qualifying, when the final starting field is set, is traditionally known as "Bump Day" (or "Bubble Day"). Drivers who are removed from the starting grid of 33 by being out-qualified by faster cars are said to have been "bumped." The driver with the slowest speed in the field of 33, the first in line to be bumped, is said to be "on the bubble."[5] Unqualified drivers attempt to bump their way into the field and "burst the slower driver's bubble." Prior to World War II, the term typically used for drivers being knocked out of the field was "crowded out." Since the early 2000s, smaller entry lists have led to fewer cars, or even zero cars, being bumped from the starting grid. With the adoption of a special two-day qualifying format in 2014, the bumping procedure from 2014 to 2018 actually would occur on the first day (Saturday) of time trials. As such, the term "Bump Day" disappeared from use for a few years. In 2018, the term "Bump Day" was brought back, and was used as the nickname for the first day of time trials. Beginning in 2019, the bumping procedure returns to the second day of time trials (Sunday).
  • Post-qualifying practice: Beginning in 2014, an additional practice session has been scheduled on the Monday after qualifying, and starting in 2019, after Pole Day qualifying, primarily for the cars starting 10-30 (which do not participate in any qualifying sessions during Bump session or the Pole session). After schedule overhauls, as well as a substantial format changes for qualifying, this session is utilized specifically for race practice, particularly multi-car "group" practice. This practice session has proven to be frenzied and aggressive, simulating race conditions. Previously teams would utilize weekdays, and very often, loosely utilize the down times of the final day of time trials for such practice. Due to the format changes of time trials, adequate time is no longer available to practice during down times on the last day of time trials due to the lengthy post-qualifying technical inspection, and the general lateness of the day that the starting grid is finalized. This extra practice period is also sometimes used by teams to reach maximum mileage for engines, as they install a fresh engine for Carb Day and race day. Under current INDYCAR rules, an engine must reach 2,550 miles (or 4,100 km) during the season in order to be eligible for a fresh engine.
  • Freedom 100: The Indy Lights developmental support series (now called Indy NXT) began holding a support race, the Freedom 100, during the month of May in 2003. For the first two years, it was held on the second weekend of time trials. In 2005, it was moved to Carb Day. Practice and qualifying for the Freedom 100 is held at some point during the week (between Indy 500 time trials and Carb Day). The Freedom 100 was taken off the schedule in 2020, and it currently on hiatus.
  • Carb Day: The final practice session before the race, currently held on the Friday before race day, is called "Carburetion Day" (shortened to "Carb Day" since 2000). The name originally came from the fact that it was the final session where teams could tune their carburetors in conditions similar to those that might be encountered on race day. The name has remained despite the fact that no qualified car has used a carburetor since 1963.[6] The day is now similar to most motorsport weekends, as the final practice is accompanied by a pit stop contest, a support race, and a concert.[7] The Pit Stop Challenge debuted in 1977, the Indy Lights Freedom 100 moved to Carb Day in 2005, and the concerts have been held since 1998. In 1969–1972, Carb Day was held the Wednesday before the race. From 1973 to 2004, Carb Day was held the Thursday before the race. It was moved to Friday before the race beginning in 2005, at which time the Indy Lights race was moved to that day. Prior to 1969, Carb Day was not on a fixed day of the week, instead it was simply scheduled for a nondescript day midway between the final day of time trials and race day, and was sometimes closed to the public. Particularly with the advent of the sometimes aggressive Post-Qualifying Monday practice, the Carb Day practice session is typically disciplined and relatively tame. The objectives of the teams might be to conduct basic leak-checks, and/or other minute, last-minute adjustments, but refraining from aggressive driving and avoiding incidents. In case of inclement weather, the Carb Day practice is usually cancelled without being rescheduled.

Radio edit

Coverage of the Indianapolis 500 on radio dates back to 1922.[8][9][10][11] The longtime flagship of the IMS Radio Network is WFNI AM 1070 (formerly 1070 WIBC). The network dates back to 1952, and was initially launched using WIBC talent. Since the late 1960s and early 1970s, the station has featured extensive daily coverage of practice, qualifications, as well as pre-race and post-race coverage on race day.

From 1971 to 2020, the most popular and most traditional daily show during the month of May was Donald Davidson's The Talk of Gasoline Alley.[12]

Concerts edit

 
Jason Aldean

Since the early 1990s, concerts featuring a top act(s) have been held the weekend of the race. Originally the concerts were held downtown the night of Carburetion Day, sponsored by local radio station WFBQ. In 1998, the Carb Day concert was moved to the track. Numerous other local bands, indie bands, garage bands, and smaller musical acts perform at other times during the month on days featuring track activity. Prior to 2005, Carb Day was the Thursday before the race, and since 2005, Carb Day has been the Friday prior to the race. Currently, the Carb Day concert is typically held in the afternoon, following the conclusion of on-track activity. Starting in 2014, a second headlining concert has been held on Legends Day. The Carb Day concert has typically featured rock groups, while Legends Day typically stars country music artists. The performers have been as follows:

Carb Day concerts
Legends Day concerts
July 4 concerts
Big Machine 400 concerts

Last Row Party edit

 
Driver Felipe Giaffone wearing his "Last Row Party" jacket at the 2005 race.

A few days before the race, the "Last Row Party" has been held for charity since 1972. It is a scholarship benefit organized by the Indianapolis Press Club Foundation,[19] and is usually held the Thursday evening or Friday evening before the race. Currently it is held at one of the suites in the Pagoda, and previously it was held at the Speedway Motel. The event is conducted as a roast and cocktail party for the final three qualifiers in the 500, who will be starting on the eleventh and final row (positions 31, 32, and 33). Due to the complex qualifying procedure for the race, these three drivers are usually, but not always, the slowest three cars in the field.[20] Like Mr. Irrelevant, often some of these drivers are obscure, and several have been race rookies. Some are noted for a dramatic last-minute qualifying effort to secure a spot in the lineup, while others may have survived a Bump day scare, or an otherwise tumultuous month of May, to hold on to make the field. Ten former or eventual race winners have participated in the honor at some time during their career (Rutherford, Johncock, Sneva, Cheever, Lazier, Hunter-Reay, Kanaan, Sato, Power, Rossi).

In addition to being on the receiving end of numerous good-natured jokes and jabs, the three drivers are presented with a special jacket, various gifts, and checks for 31¢, 32¢, and 33¢, respectively. The group becomes known as the "11th Row Society", an enjoys a buffet dinner, apéritif, cocktails, and hors d'oeuvre with attendees. Later they may sign autographs and pose for pictures, in what is generally a fun and laid-back environment. The emcee for the event is usually a media figure, and past hosts include Bob Jenkins, Robin Miller, Jack Arute, Dave Wilson, and Laura Steele. The 2015 and 2016 co-emcees were Curt Cavin (Indianapolis Star) and Chris Hagen (WXIN). Lindy Thackston hosted the event for 2017 and 2018. The 2013 reception was not held but a brief ceremony was held on Carb Day to recognize the honorees.

"11th Row Society" honorees
Year Starting position
31st 32nd 33rd
1973   Bob Harkey   Sammy Sessions   Jim McElreath
1974   Bob Harkey   Jan Opperman   Larry Cannon
1975   Mike Hiss   Eldon Rasmussen   Tom Bigelow
1976   David Hobbs   Tom Bigelow   Jan Opperman
1977   John Mahler   Eldon Rasmussen   Bubby Jones
1978   Gary Bettenhausen   Jerry Sneva   Mario Andretti
19791   Spike Gehlhausen   John Mahler   Eldon Rasmussen
1980   Tom Bigelow   Gary Bettenhausen   Tom Sneva
19812   Tom Klausler   Jerry Karl   Mario Andretti
1982   Tom Bigelow   Pete Halsmer   Josele Garza
1983   Steve Krisiloff   Chet Fillip   Dennis Firestone
19843   Johnny Rutherford   George Snider   Dennis Firestone
1985   Derek Daly   Kevin Cogan   Rich Vogler
19864   Gary Bettenhausen   George Snider   Mario Andretti
19875   Ed Pimm   George Snider   Steve Chassey
1988   Ludwig Heimrath   Rich Vogler   Howdy Holmes
1989   Davy Jones   Pancho Carter   Rich Vogler
1990   Bill Vukovich III   John Paul Jr.   Rocky Moran
1991   Randy Lewis   Pancho Carter   Gordon Johncock
19926   Tom Sneva   Gordon Johncock   Ted Prappas
1993   Jim Crawford   Didier Theys   Eddie Cheever
1994   Mike Groff   Marco Greco   Scott Goodyear
19957   Scott Sharp   Stefan Johansson   Davy Jones
1996   Joe Gosek   Scott Harrington   Danny Ongais
19978   Alessandro Zampedri   Claude Bourbonnais   Paul Durant
1998   Stéphan Grégoire   Mike Groff   Billy Roe
1999   Dr. Jack Miller   Robbie Buhl   Raul Boesel
2000   Billy Boat   Lyn St. James   Andy Hillenburg
2001   Cory Witherill   Billy Boat   Felipe Giaffone
2002   Greg Ray   George Mack   Mark Dismore
2003   Robby McGehee   Jimmy Kite   Airton Daré
2004   P. J. Jones   Marty Roth   Robby McGehee
2005   Jeff Ward   Jimmy Kite   Felipe Giaffone
2006   Arie Luyendyk Jr.   P. J. Jones   Thiago Medeiros
2007   Roberto Moreno   Richie Hearn   Phil Giebler
2008   A. J. Foyt IV   Buddy Lazier   Marty Roth
2009   Nelson Philippe   Ryan Hunter-Reay   Alex Tagliani
2010   Takuma Sato   Sebastián Saavedra   Tony Kanaan
2011   Pippa Mann   Ana Beatriz   Ryan Hunter-Reay
2012   Bryan Clauson   Simona de Silvestro   Jean Alesi
2013   Conor Daly   Buddy Lazier   Katherine Legge
2014   Sage Karam   Sebastián Saavedra   Buddy Lazier
2015   Ryan Briscoe   Tristan Vautier   James Davison
2016   Jack Hawksworth   Buddy Lazier   Alex Tagliani
2017   Sebastián Saavedra   Zach Veach   James Davison
2018   Jack Harvey   Alexander Rossi   Conor Daly
2019   Sage Karam   James Hinchcliffe   Kyle Kaiser
20209   Sage Karam   J. R. Hildebrand   Ben Hanley
20219   Sage Karam   Will Power   Simona de Silvestro
2022   Christian Lundgaard   Jack Harvey   Stefan Wilson
202310   Christian Lundgaard   Sting Ray Robb   Jack Harvey
  • 1 The 1979 race had 35 starters. The party was still held in honor of those drivers on the 11th row despite a 12th row existing for the race.
  • 2 Following the Last Row Party in 1981, Tim Richmond purchased the car of George Snider and was moved to 33rd on the grid. As the move occurred after the party occurred, Richmond was not honored as an 11th row society member, while Tom Klausler, who moved up to the 10th row, remained an honoree.
  • 3 Chris Kneifel started in last, but was not an honoree. Kneifel had initially failed to qualify, but was instated into the field after Jacques Villeneuve was forced to withdraw his car after a practice accident.
  • 4 A multi-car accident on Carb Day caused a significant reshuffle on the qualifying grid. Snider was moved behind Andretti, and two other drivers started behind the honorees.
  • 5 Emerson Fittipaldi started the race last after switching to a back-up car due to a practice crash.
  • 6 Scott Goodyear started last, but was not a Last Row Party honoree. Goodyear had failed to qualify but replaced Mike Groff, whose car was then moved to the rear of the field.
  • 7 Bryan Herta started last the race last after switching to a back-up car due to a practice crash.
  • 8 Race had 35 starters. The party was still held in honor of those drivers on the 11th row despite a 12th row existing for the race.
  • 9 Ceremony cancelled due to the COVID-19 pandemic.
  • 10 Graham Rahal started the race last after filling in as an injury replacement for Stefan Wilson. Rahal was also honored as a fourth member of the 11th Row Society along with the drivers that originally qualified on that row.

Public drivers' meeting and Legends Day edit

 
2014 Legends Day honoree Mario Andretti
 
2008 drivers' meeting
 
Legends Day in 2012

The day before the race, a ceremonial drivers meeting is held at the track, which is open to the public, and is popularly attended. This tradition dates back many decades. During the meeting, the 33 starting drivers are presented with their starter's ring and various awards and trophies are handed out (such as trophies from the previous year's race, qualifying awards, lifetime achievement awards, etc.) The drivers are usually seated on a platform situated in the eleven rows of three, and numerous other celebrities and special guests may be honored or give remarks. Rules clarifications, instructions for the race, and other pertinent information is also discussed in the open forum. Drivers who can not attend due to scheduling conflicts (e.g., participating in another race) will usually have another team member or family member participate on their behalf.

This drivers meeting is separate from the official drivers meeting, organized by race stewards. That meeting, held the morning of the race, is strictly closed to the public and the media.

Starting in 1998, the days leading up to the race have included ceremonies and activities honoring former drivers. In some years, each day during the week would have a featured Indy legend, and might feature the driver taking ceremonial laps around the track in one of his winning race cars, or in a pace car. Other years utilized Opening Day as an opportunity to honor Indy legends. In addition, the day before the race was expanded to include an autograph session featuring the 33 starting drivers, former drivers, Q&A sessions, car displays, a "fanfest" midway, a memorabilia show, and other festivities. Starting 2011, the events of the day before the race have been officially themed "Legends Day," and features a designated honoree. In addition, Legends Day showcases the classic cars of the 500: fans are able to get close looks and take photos of the machines, with a number of historic race cars also running laps of the circuit.

Legends Day honorees

500 Festival Parade edit

The 500 Festival[24] is a non-profit organization founded in 1957 to organize various civic events in the city of Indianapolis leading up to the race.[25] The festival includes more than 50 events and programs celebrating the Indianapolis 500, including its two largest events, the OneAmerica 500 Festival Mini-Marathon in early-May and the 500 Festival Parade the day before the race.[26] Other events have included "Community Day" at the track, memorial services, luncheons, and the annual Snake Pit Ball, a black tie socialite gathering downtown. The 500 Festival attracts an annual attendance of about 500,000.[26]

In many years, the parade grand marshal has been a celebrity with ties to Indiana or the Indianapolis area, particularly Indianapolis-area sports figures. In many cases, the grand marshal of the parade is also honored during pre-race festivities on race morning. The organizing committee boasts the parade as one of the largest in the nation. In 1997, a fire swept through the storage hangar housing the floats for that year's parade, threatening to cancel the event. Only four floats were spared, and Buddy Lazier's 1996 winning car escaped the fire only because the museum had decided to wait a few extra days before delivering it to the float staging area. The parade went on as scheduled but in a slightly retooled format.[27][28]

The grand marshals for the annual parade have been as follows:

 
Navy Adm. James A. Winnefeld Jr. at the 2012 500 Festival Parade.
 
Former President Gerald Ford was the grand marshal in 1979.
 
Vice-president Dan Quayle was the grand marshal in 1990.
 
The 1955 Crispus Attucks High School State Champion Basketball Team were the grand marshals in 2015.

Track lore edit

 
A ceremonial golden brick was installed at the start/finish line of the track to commemorate the 100th anniversary
 
Gasoline Alley in 1984.
 
The new Gasoline Alley opened in 1986.
 
Gasoline Alley in 2019.

The atmosphere at the track during the month of May and on race day has long been a source of traditions.

The Brickyard edit

The nickname of the Indianapolis Motor Speedway is the "Brickyard." When the track opened in August 1909, the surface was composed of crushed stone and tar. This surface quickly was deemed unsuitable and dangerous after multiple accidents. In the fall of 1909, the track was paved in brick. In just over two months, 3.2 million bricks were hand laid on a bed of sand and the gaps were filled with mortar. Before the work was completed, locals nicknamed the track the "Brickyard".[32] Beginning in the 1930s, portions of the track were paved over in asphalt, beginning with the turns. By the late 1950s, only a portion of the mainstretch remained brick.

Following the 1961 race, the remaining part of the mainstretch was paved over, and the entire track was now covered in asphalt. One yard of bricks was left exposed at the start/finish line. The vast majority of the original 3.2 million bricks remain in place, several inches beneath multiple layers of asphalt. Some bricks have been unearthed from the track over the years, namely in the locations where the infield access tunnels have been constructed. Subsequent repavings of the track in 1976, 1988, 1995, and 2004, have preserved the bricks in place underneath. However, the yard of bricks exposed at the start/finish line has been dug up in those instances by milling operations. Different bricks - ostensibly bricks that were dug up at one point from other parts of the track - were cleanly re-laid in that place, both for safety and aesthetic reasons.

In 2000 when the new Pagoda and Pagoda Plaza were built, the yard of bricks was extended from the track surface across the pit lane and then through to the spectator areas in the new Pagoda Plaza.

Gasoline Alley edit

The garage area at the Indianapolis Motor Speedway is known as "Gasoline Alley." The nickname dates back to the early decades of the race, and for a time, referred specifically to one particular spot in the back where cars would refuel. Though the exact origin of the name is unclear, it may be loosely linked to the eponymous comic strip. Later, the nickname was used for the main corridor of the garage area, and eventually was used colloquially for the entire garage complex. The use of gasoline at the Indy 500 was phased out in favor of methanol beginning in 1965 (and later ethanol in 2006), but the nickname nonetheless remained. Gasoline was not used again at Indy until NASCAR arrived for the Brickyard 400 in 1994.

The first garage area consisted of one double-sided bank of garages running east–west. It was in the same general location as the present day complex. In the very early years, the foreign entries were housed in a second garage complex outside of turn two. In 1929, a second row of garages was constructed alongside the first, creating the soon-to-be familiar Gasoline Alley corridor. The original garages were known for their signature green and white barn doors, and were sometimes visually compared to horse stables, as the complex loosely resembled a horse racing paddock.

One of the fixtures of the garage area in the pre-WWII years was Tom Bealle's diner, an outdoor restaurant and gathering place, popular with drivers, mechanics, officials, and fans. Bealle often allowed drivers to run up a tab during the month of May, allowing them to pay their bill once they received their prize money at the end of the month. Around 1974–1975, since the entry fee was still relatively small, Jim Hurtubise was known for entering three cars (despite perhaps only having one or two cars in running condition) in order to rent three garages. He would convert the third garage stall into a bar & lounge to entertain himself and his team and friends, although officials and track management took a dim view of it.[33] In later years, in order to curtail similar actions, entry fees were substantially increased and entrants were required to show proof of the car(s) existence before their entry was accepted. In addition, by the 1980s, teams began setting up hospitality tents specifically for that purpose, and furthermore, an abundance of permanent hospitality suites - many adjacent to the garage area, were later constructed to supplement.

A fire swept through the garage area on the morning of the 1941 race, and burned down a significant portion of the south bank of garages. They were replaced, and eventually the complex expanded to 88 stalls. As the sport grew, and the cars and teams became larger and more sophisticated, work space was increasingly limited in the garages. Amenities were simple, corridors were heavily congested, and by the 1980s, the cars and teams had outgrown the aging facility. With car counts swelling in the 1970s and early 1980s to sometimes over 100 entries, some smaller teams were left out and forced to work out of tents. Even the formidable teams found themselves needing to store some of their equipment (tools, tires, bodywork, etc.) outside the doors or back at their transporters because there simply was not enough room. A second fire during a private test session in 1964 caused damage, and raised concerns about safety.[34]

Despite their lack of modern amenities, the garages had a nostalgic quaintness admired by participants and fans, and they also served important intrinsic purposes for the teams. For many years, the entry fee for the Indianapolis 500 provided a garage stall to the competitors not just for the month of May, but for the entire offseason as well.[35][36] It was a valuable asset to some teams, especially small-budget teams without a race shop, and it would serve as their year-round headquarters.[37] It was not uncommon for teams to even house other types of race cars there (sprints, midgets, stock cars) as they competed in the Indiana short track circuits during the summer. Even larger, more established teams still might use the garage stall for storage or as a staging location for cross-country trips to other races.

Following the 1985 race, the original Gasoline Alley garage area was torn down and replaced with a state-of-the-art, multimillion-dollar garage complex. The nickname "Gasoline Alley" remained when the new complex opened in 1986. In 2000, an additional row of garages was constructed alongside the pit lane on the main stretch, in preparations for the U.S. Grand Prix. Although the pitside garages are used during the Brickyard 400 for NASCAR inspection and top Cup Series teams (lower teams and the Xfinity Series teams use Gasoline Alley), they are specifically not considered part of Gasoline Alley. Today in total, there are 133 garage stalls. With Gasoline Alley utilizing 3 buildings with 32 stalls each, and the main straight garages areas with 37.

The Snake Pit edit

 
The Turn 4 infield ("Snake Pit II") seen on pole day in 1988.
 
[New] Snake Pit on the left, 2018

The infield of the track in the vicinity of turn one was known as the "Snake Pit."[38][39] (sometimes "Snakepit"[40][41]). Long known for a reputation of rowdiness, heavy alcohol consumption, bikers, streaking, flashing, and an overall Woodstock/Mardi Gras atmosphere, the Snake Pit was a popular location for college-age and counterculture fans to spend time at the track, many of whom had little or no interest in the actual racing activities. Like the infield at the Kentucky Derby, the Snake Pit was often considered a rite of spring, and an excuse to party with abandon. Arrests for public intoxication, disorderly conduct, fights, and drug possession were frequent and common.

The area that eventually became the Snake Pit took shape very early on, prior to World War I. In the early decades of the Speedway, a railroad line connected Union Station in downtown Indianapolis out to the track and beyond. Many fans in the early years (and through 1963) arrived at the race by train. A train depot was located across the road from the Speedway, near the intersection of present-day 16th Street and Georgetown Road. The spectators disembarked the trains and poured directly into the main entrance, strategically placed across from the station at the outside of turn one.[42] Fans that did not have grandstand tickets gathered in the general admission infield, particularly the turn one infield. The area became a popular place for picnicking and race viewing.[43] Sometime in the mid/late-1950s, it started to gain a raucous reputation, which intensified in the 1960s. It reached its zenith of popularity and intensity of revelry during the decade of the 1970s. The nickname "Snake Pit" was coined sometime in the early/mid-1960s, and appeared in print at least as early as 1968.[41]

In periods of rain, the area usually became overwhelmed with mud, and mud wrestling was commonly observed. By the end of the race, the area would be littered with cans, bottles, and inordinate amounts of trash and abandoned belongings. Bonfires and burned cars were also noted. In 1975, management allowed cars to fully park in the area, as an early effort to settle the crowd by reducing available capacity.[44] Occasionally, the rowdiness was reported as less tumultuous, such as 1977 when many infield revelers instead stormed the fountain in front of the Speedway museum to cool off from the hot day.[45]

In 1980, a fatality occurred in the area after a Jeep flipped over.[46] Around that time, track management decided to take deliberate steps to curtail the revelry, and make the infield more "family-friendly."[47] For the 1981 race, bleachers were erected in the turn one infield. In addition, capital improvements that included the new Gasoline Alley, a place for competitors to park motor homes, new support buildings, new restroom buildings, media parking lots, and other changes to the site, gradually and deliberately scaled back the size of the area. As a result, by the late 1980s, the patrons migrated to the infield of turn four,[48][47] and the less-intense Snake Pit II emerged.

By the 1990s, the intensity of the rowdiness had dropped substantially,[49] due largely to third-generation management at the Speedway (Tony George[47]) and beefed up law enforcement. By the end of the 20th century, it almost disappeared completely.

The turn four infield was razed in 1999 to make room for the infield road course. The race day party scene migrated again, this time to its current location, the turn three infield.[50] The Snake Pit eventually became more of a festive party zone. Later, the original turn one location was also razed to make room for road course modifications, a section sometimes referred to as the "Snake Pit" section. In 2010, the turn three infield was officially named the [New] Snake Pit, and began to be organized and officially marketed by management.[51][52][53] On race day, a concert stage is erected, and popular music acts, and DJ's perform to entertain the infield crowd in a controlled and festive environment. While rock music typically headlines the Carb Day concert, and country music headlines the Legends Day concert, EDM is featured at the Snake Pit. In the mid-2010s, the revelry in the Snake Pit has somewhat re-intensified, however, not to the levels witnessed in the 1970s and early 1980s. However, the future of the Snake Pit is in doubt; during the 2019 NASCAR weekend, the track announced that a two-fifths mile (322m) dirt oval in that section used during the NASCAR weekend for the Bryan Clauson Classic will become permanent. In addition, because of the discontinuation of the Indiana State Fairgrounds for motorsport, other races may be moved to the Speedway's dirt track.

Snake Pit concerts (race day)

Coke Lot edit

Similar to the aforementioned "Snake Pit," the Coke Lot which is located outside the track, is the most noteworthy and popular camping location on the grounds of the Speedway. Officially designated as Lot 1C, it has been nicknamed the "Coke Lot" for decades due to the presence of a Coca-Cola bottling plant located on an adjacent property. The lot is an open field situated just to the northwest of the track, outside of turn 4 of the oval, off of Georgetown Road. Long known for intense revelry and all-night partying (particularly on the night before the race), the Coke Lot is a festive area and party scene for RVs and campers, as well as tent campers. The lot typically opens a few days before the race and allows fans to stay through the entire race weekend. It has been observed by many that the outline of the main parcel of the Coke Lot coincidentally resembles the outline of the state of Indiana.

While the Coke Lot is the most notorious camping area, several other camping lots are also situated around the vicinity of the Speedway, some focusing on family-friendly environments, while others are considered premium lot for high-end RV'ers.

In years past, another camping area called the "North 40" (named due to its size of approximately 40 acres) was another scene of intense overnight revelry. In the 1970s, its revelry surpassed that of the Coke Lot. Located directly north of the track off of 30th Street, in close proximity to the Speedway's golf course, and backed up against a neighborhood of homes, it is no longer used for camping. Currently it is only utilized for daytime car parking, and employee parking. During its peak, security had to begin using giant searchlights to keep North 40 campers from illegally wandering onto the golf course property late into the night.

Food edit

 
Pork tenderloin sandwich served at the 2022 Indianapolis 500

A traditional food of choice at the Indianapolis Motor Speedway is the pork tenderloin sandwich.[57][58] The sandwich is a well-known Midwestern creation, and is sold at the track concessions.

Beer (largely domestic) is consumed in considerable amounts at the track. Unlike most sports stadiums and arenas, at Indianapolis (and most speedways), spectators are allowed to bring their own alcoholic beverages into the track for consumption. Beer is also sold at concessions. Glass bottles, however, are strictly prohibited at the track. Broken glass is considered an extreme hazard to the race cars (cut tires) on the track.

Peanuts are considered bad luck. An ambiguous, long-standing superstition against eating peanuts at the racetrack has dominated Indianapolis dating back to at least the 1940s. Legend says, though unconfirmed, that a crashed car was found with peanut shells in the cockpit. As of 2009, however, peanuts are sold at trackside concessions, and the myth has lost a lot of its following.[citation needed]

From the mid-1960s until her death in 1975, Mary Catherine "Mom" Unser (mother of Jerry, Bobby, and Al) was a well-known fixture at the race. She became famous for her spicy chili.[59] Each year, she would treat the participants to a cookout in the garage area.

Several local restaurants, both current and former, have been popular gathering places for participants and fans during the month of May. Establishments include St. Elmo Steak House, Charlie Brown's Pancake and Steak House, Mug-n-Bun, and Long's Bakery. The aforementioned Tom Bealle's diner was a fixture of the garage area for many years. Redevelopment of Speedway's main street has created an area of popular establishments and nightlife, including Sarah Fisher's 1911 Grill (since closed), and A. J. Foyt's Foyt Wine Vault. A White Castle used to stand across the street from the track, as did a Steak 'n Shake, but both have since been demolished. From the 1930s to the 1960s, Mate's White Front Tavern was a popular hangout for drivers and crews. Located just a few blocks east of the speedway, it was sold to new management in the early 1960s and was kept open until the mid-1980s.[60][61] A Taco Bell just east of the Speedway has gained subtle notoriety with fans after IndyCar drivers Scott Dixon and Dario Franchitti were mugged in the parking lot in 2017.[62]

Superstitions edit

 
In the pit area at Indianapolis, there is no pit stall #13. It is substituted with #12A.

Numerous superstitions have developed at the Indianapolis 500 over the years. Most date back many decades, although some have lost a considerable amount of following. Among the prevailing superstitions in the modern day include the ongoing "Andretti curse" and "Curse of the Smiths" (see below).

Older superstitions that have been popular at Indianapolis include some of the following:

  • Number 13: Triskaidekaphobia - fear of the use of the Number 13 - has prevailed at Indianapolis dating back to the first 500 in 1911.[63] In that year, the car assigned 13 did not make the race. Only one driver carried #13 on their car for the remainder of the 20th century. In 1914, George Mason started 13th and finished 23rd. From 1926 to 2002, the use of #13 was officially disallowed by the rules.[64] Most drivers avoided the use of number 13, however after changes in the rules, Greg Ray used the number in 2003. It was only the second time the number 13 had been used over the first 87 editions of the race. Subsequently, only two other drivers have used #13: E. J. Viso (2009) and Danica Patrick (2018). Both Viso and Patrick dropped out of the respective races.
  • Green cars: A long-time superstition at Indianapolis has been against painting cars the color green.[63] Many drivers and team prefer not to allow the color green on their cars, even if just on small decals or pinstriping. Apropos to that, there have been two green winning cars (1920 and 1965). As mentioned above, not only did Patrick use #13, her car also happened to be green. Ed Carpenter (who owned Patrick’s #13 car) drove a green car in the 2017 running with sponsorship from Fuzzy’s Vodka.
  • Peanuts: Peanuts are considered bad luck (see Food above). An ambiguous, long-standing superstition against eating peanuts at the race track has dominated Indianapolis dating back to at least the 1940s.[63]
  • Miscellany: Numerous other and sometimes ambiguous superstitions have been promulgated by a myriad of drivers. However, many have lost much if not all of their following. Some included not allowing women and children near the cars, entering and exiting the cockpit on a particular side, not allowing photographs prior to going out on the track, and carrying good luck charms.

Curse of the Smiths edit

 
Mark Smith failed to qualify.

Among the nearly 800 drivers who have participated in the Indy 500, none have had the last name Smith, the most common surname in the United States. Several Smiths have attempted to make the race, the last being Mark Smith who failed to qualify in 1993 and 1994,[65] despite finishing 5th at the Michigan Superspeedway in a 1994 CART race. By contrast there have been ten different drivers with the last name Jones, and five with the last name Johnson.

Only two drivers with the surname Smith have ever competed in professional races at the Indianapolis Motor Speedway, albeit in different events. Regan Smith drove in the Brickyard 400 from 2008 to 2013 (with a best finish of 3rd in 2011). He also has competed in the Lilly Diabetes 250. Motorcyclist Bradley Smith competed in the Red Bull Indianapolis GP, with best finish of second in 2009.

One driver with a German language translation of Smith has participated, however, with Sam Schmidt making three starts.

Rabbits edit

A longstanding legend at the Indianapolis Motor Speedway involves bunny rabbits.[66] From 1911 to 1993, there was traditionally only one race held annually at the Speedway. Activity outside the month of May was limited to semioccasional tire testing. Thus for eleven months out of the year, the grounds were noticeably quiet, green and lush, particularly after nine holes of a golf course were built in the spacious infield in 1929. The well-manicured grounds naturally became a home for fauna, particularly rabbits and other small vermin. As the race participants would arrive in the spring, they would often be greeted by numerous rabbits roaming the grounds, oftentimes running out on the track. The rabbits were thought to be welcome and some considered them symbols of good luck. However, they were sometimes a nuisance, causing yellows for running out on the track and evading capture. Al Unser, Sr. famously ran over a rabbit during the 1988 race.[67] The well-known presence of rabbits at the Speedway even began a tradition that a rabbit would appear somewhere in the race program each year.

Pre-race ceremonies edit

 
Purdue University Band "World's Largest Drum" at the 2011 Indianapolis 500.
 
500 Festival Queen and Princesses caravan at the 2011 Indianapolis 500.
 
Johnny Rutherford during the former winners parade at the 2016 Indianapolis 500.
 
Military Appreciation Lap at the 2015 Indianapolis 500.
  • At 6 a.m., and in some years as early as 5 a.m., an aerial bomb is set off to signal the opening of the gates.
  • At 8 a.m., the "Parade of Bands" marches a lap around the racing circuit. Numerous marching bands from nearby and neighboring high schools and universities entertain the early arriving fans. This tradition dates back to 1922, and celebrated its 90th anniversary in 2015.[68] Most of the bands in attendance also participate in the 500 Festival Parade downtown the day before. Traditional participants include the Purdue All-American Marching Band (along with the World's Largest Drum which is driven around the track) and Speedway High School. Due to rain showers the morning of the race in 2007, the bands instead paraded around the infield, including parts of the infield road course, as track crews were working to dry the track with trucks and jet dryers.
  • The Purdue University All-American Marching Band plays several pre-race songs, including "On the Banks of the Wabash" and "Stars and Stripes Forever." The former played as the teams begin wheeling their cars to the starting grid. The band is believed to have first appeared at the race in 1919.
  • In the 1960s to the 1990s, early arriving spectators would be entertained by Big band music. Songs by well-known Hoosier band leader George Freije and the Freije All Star Band were played over the public address system from roughly 6 a.m. to 8 a.m.[69]
  • In 1991, and in most years since about 2002, a special military appreciation lap has been held. Military personnel who have recently returned from active service overseas are honored in a parade around the track. In 1991, hundred of troops who had returned from Operation Desert Storm marched around the course on race morning. In the 2000s, troops (namely from Iraq and Afghanistan) have been paraded around in trucks and saluted by fans.
  • About an hour or two before the race, there is a parade around the track (typically in convertible festival cars) of the 500 Festival Queen and her court of 500 Festival Princesses. Likewise, a similar parade of former race winners, celebrities in attendance, and other VIPs is conducted.
  • In many years, a ceremonial lap of vintage race cars and/or vintage pace cars is conducted. In some cases, the original drivers (or surviving relatives) are behind the wheel.
  • Starting in 2016, a new tradition was introduced, the "march to the bricks." The Borg-Warner Trophy is paraded through the infield to the start/finish line.
  • Finally, driver introductions take place. They are usually in reverse starting order with the front row being introduced last. This is followed by the drivers being paraded around the track similar to the Festival Queen, her court, and other VIPs.

The pre-race ceremonies usually go in the following order:

Grand marshal edit

In some years, a grand marshal has been named for the race. The duties of the grand marshal may include greeting drivers and dignitaries during pre-race ceremonies, and riding in the pace car. This person may or may not be the same grand marshal at the 500 Festival Parade. Unlike other races, the grand marshal does not give the starting command. In recent years, the grand marshal has been responsible for delivering the "Drivers to your cars" message.

National anthem edit

The Star-Spangled Banner has been performed before the start of the Indy 500 in most years. Up through the 1970s and early 1980s, the song was typically played by the Purdue All-American Marching Band without a vocalist. However, in some rare occasions, a vocalist was used. In 1976, Tom Sullivan and Up with People were invited to sing, as a gesture to the U.S. Bicentennial.

By the mid-1980s, the Speedway began inviting notable artists to perform the national anthem. In nearly all cases, they would be backed by the Purdue Band. In 1983, James A. Hubert flubbed the lyrics.[70] He omitted the line "O'er the ramparts we watched, were so gallantly streaming?" and instead repeated the second line "What so proudly we hailed at the twilight's last gleaming", stumbling on the word "twilight" the second time around.

After the national anthem is performed, the public address announcer or the grand marshal gives the command "Drivers, to your cars!"

In 2001, Steven Tyler of Aerosmith caused a controversy[71] after he changed the lyrics of the song. Recent performers include:

 
David Hasselhoff
 
Sandi Patty
 
Steven Tyler

Other songs edit

In most years since 1991, the songs "America the Beautiful" and/or "God Bless America" have been performed. Florence Henderson, a native Hoosier, was a friend of the Hulman-George family that owned the Speedway at the time. Henderson performed one of the two songs numerous times, book-ending years when she performed the national anthem instead. Her performances were usually not televised.

The performance of "America the Beautiful" was introduced for the race's 75th anniversary running in 1991, in part due to Operation Desert Storm. Henderson switched to the national anthem for 1993–1997, then resumed "America the Beautiful" in 1999. In 2003, her performance was switched to "God Bless America," which became more popular in the post-9/11 era. She continued through 2015, then served as grand marshal for her final race in 2016. Henderson died six months after the 2016 race. Henderson routinely sang the entire song, including the prologue, and in some years sang the chorus a second time.

By 2009, "America the Beautiful" was re-added to the ceremonies, with a different artist each year except 2016 and 2020. In 1999, Lee Greenwood did a special performance of "God Bless the USA", and in 2003, Darryl Worley performed "Have You Forgotten?". In 2005, 3 Doors Down did a special performance of "Kryptonite" from the Pagoda, as part of the driver introductions.

"America the Beautiful" edit

 
Florence Henderson

"God Bless America" edit

"God Bless The USA" edit

Invocation edit

Starting in 1974, the Indy 500 was moved to the Sunday of Memorial Day weekend. As a gesture, the Speedway added an invocation to the pre-race ceremonies. In most years since 1980, the Speedway has invited a representative of the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Indianapolis. In selected years, others have been invited including nationally famous clergymen Oral Roberts[84] and Billy Graham.[85]

The Most Reverend Archbishop Edward T. O'Meara participated several times until his death in early 1992. Archbishop Daniel M. Buechlein then took over as the traditional clergy starting in 1993. Buechlein customarily ended his invocation with the word "Godspeed" in the languages of all of the participating drivers. Buechlein's final year at the race was 2009, and he died in 2018 after a lengthy illness.

Taps edit

In remembrance of Memorial Day, "Taps" is played, and a U.S. military aircraft does a flyover In some years, multiple aircraft participate, executing the missing man formation. Traditionally, a member of the public address announcing team recited a preamble honoring those who have died in combat, and those who have perished in automobile racing. The preamble dated back to at least 1965. Jim Philippe recited the preamble until he died in 2003. Since then, it has been reprised three times: Dave Calabro (2006), Jerry Baker (2012), and Bob Jenkins (2019). Since 2000, a notable military or government official has also offered a tribute or remarks.

The traditional preamble goes as follows:

"On this Memorial Day weekend, we pause in a moment of silence, to pay homage to those individuals who have given their lives—unselfishly, and unafraid—so that we may witness as free men and women, the world's greatest sporting event. We also pay homage to those individuals, who have given their lives—unselfishly, and without fear—to make racing, the world's most spectacular spectator sport."

In the 1960s and 1970s, "Taps" was typically performed by a combined U.S. Armed Forces color guard. Then from the about 1980 through 2005, it was usually played by the full Purdue Band. In 1986 and 1997, due to rain delays, the Purdue Band was unable to stay for the pre-race ceremonies. In those years, a substitute performer(s) was used. Since 2006, "Taps" has been rendered as a trumpet solo. In 2016, the trumpeter moved from the trackside victory podium near the pits to the starter's stand outside the main stretch. Since 2006 "Taps" has been rendered by a trumpeter from the 38th Division, Indiana Army National Guard Band.

Rendering of "Taps"

  • 1960: U.S. Armed Forces color guard[72]
  • 1961: U.S. Armed Forces color guard[87]
  • 1962: U.S. Armed Forces color guard[74]
  • 1963: U.S. Armed Forces color guard[75]
  • 1964: U.S. Armed Forces color guard[76]
  • 1965: U.S. Armed Forces color guard
  • 1966: U.S. Armed Forces color guard
  • 1967: U.S. Armed Forces color guard
  • 1968: U.S. Armed Forces color guard[77]
  • 1969: U.S. Armed Forces color guard
  • 1970: U.S. Armed Forces color guard
  • 1971: U.S. Armed Forces color guard
  • 1972: U.S. Armed Forces color guard
  • 1973: U.S. Armed Forces color guard
  • 1974: U.S. Armed Forces color guard[69]
  • 1975: U.S. Armed Forces color guard
  • 1976: U.S. Armed Forces color guard
  • 1977: U.S. Armed Forces color guard
  • 1978: U.S. Armed Forces color guard
  • 1979:
  • 1980: Purdue Brass Quartet
  • 1981:
  • 1982:
  • 1983: Purdue Band
  • 1984: Purdue Band
  • 1985: Combined U.S. Armed Forces color guard
  • 1986: Ron Blomberg & Robert A. Nixon (74th Army Band of Fort Benjamin Harrison)
  • 1987: Purdue Band
  • 1988: Purdue Band
  • 1989: Purdue Band
  • 1990: Purdue Band
  • 1991: Purdue Band
  • 1992: Purdue Band
  • 1993: Purdue Band
  • 1994: Purdue Band
  • 1995: Purdue Band
  • 1996: Purdue Band
  • 1997: Larry Wiseman
  • 1998: Purdue Band
  • 1999: Purdue Band
  • 2000: Purdue Band
  • 2001: Purdue Band
  • 2002: Purdue Band
  • 2003: Purdue Band
  • 2004: Purdue Band
  • 2005: Purdue Band
  • 2006–2008: SGT Byron Bartosh (38th Infantry Division, Indiana Army National Guard Band)
  • 2009–2010: SGT Joseph Young (38th Infantry Division, Indiana Army National Guard Band)
  • 2011–2021: SFC Ron Duncan (38th Infantry Division, Indiana Army National Guard Band)[88]
  • 2022: SGT Trevor Ewigleben (38th Infantry Division, Indiana Army National Guard Band)

Remarks

 
Colin Powell

Fly-bys edit

 
Stealth Bomber flyover at the 2005 Indianapolis 500

"Back Home Again in Indiana" edit

 
Jim Nabors at the 2000 Indianapolis 500

The most traditional performance is the singing of the chorus of "Back Home Again in Indiana".[90] This tradition has accompanied the race since 1946. Jim Nabors, accompanied by the Purdue Marching Band, notably performed the song in most years from 1972 to 2014. The song has long been the last event in the order of the day, immediately preceding the command to start engines.

During the song, thousands of multicolored balloons are released from an infield tent. The balloon release dates back to 1947, and has coincided with the song since about 1950. The song, which was first published in 1917, is reported to have been first played at the race in 1919. A track side brass band played the song as Indiana-born Howdy Wilcox was finishing the final laps to victory.[91]

In 1955, Dinah Shore became the only woman to perform this song during the race.[92] In 1986, the race was rained out on Sunday and Monday, and subsequently postponed until the following Saturday. Robert McFarland of the Metropolitan Opera, who had performed the national anthem in two previous years,[79] was scheduled to sing the song. However, due to the rain delay he was unable to return.[93][94] John S. Davies, the Artist-in-residence of the Indianapolis Opera was brought in as a replacement.[95][96]

In 1997, the race was rained out on Sunday, and the start was rescheduled for Monday. Nabors (as well as the Purdue band), had left the grounds by Monday morning. Rather than find a last-minute replacement, Nabors suggested that the Speedway utilize a recording of one of his previous performances. The Speedway replayed his 1993 rendition, and it was well received by the fans. Two days before the 2007 race, Nabors canceled his appearance due to an illness. On race morning, Nabors recorded a special video greeting to the fans from his Hawaii home, which was streamed over the Internet. Fans were invited to sing along with the Purdue band,[6] and a "get well soon" message was displayed for Nabors. In 2008, Nabors made a well-received return, and received a standing ovation at the public driver meeting.

Nabors again missed the race in 2012 due to an illness. This time, the Speedway sent a film crew to his home in Hawaii, and recorded a performance on video that was played on the video boards on race morning. In March 2014, Nabors announced that the 2014 race would be his final performance.[97] In 2017, Jim Cornelison was invited to sing, and his performance was critically praised. He has repeated his performance every year since then.[98]

Starting command edit

The call for the engines to start has been traditionally made by stating "Gentlemen, start your engines!" When female drivers have competed, the call has been amended to "Lady and gentlemen..." or "Ladies and gentlemen, start your engines." In 2017, 2018 and 2020, the command was recited as "Drivers, start your engines." In 2019 it returned to "Lady and gentlemen..." The starting command is customarily recited by a ranking member of the Indianapolis Motor Speedway board of directors, who also is a member of the Hulman-George family. Unlike other races, the starting command was not recited by the grand marshal.

The exact origin of the phrase is unclear, and there have been several conflicting accounts of who was the first to recite it, and what the exact wording of it was.[102] Prior to World War II, it was commonplace for an aerial bomb to signal the start of the engines.[102] Seth Kline was the official starter of the "500" in 1925–1926 & 1934–1953. Kline is thought to have made an informal "Gentlemen, start your motors!" command as early as 1948 to accompany the bomb.[102] The first documented case was in 1950, and that was recited by prolific public address announcer John Francis "Irish" Horan.[102][103] Kline was again reported as saying it in 1951,[104] (though some report it was Horan[103]) Either Kline[102] or Horan said it again in 1952.[103] It was around that time the command was changed from "...motors!" to "...engines!" The participants and officials alike, preferred the more technical term "engines" to describe their machines. Sid Collins stated that chief steward Harlan Fengler explained to him "there are no motors in the race, just engines."[104]

Wilbur Shaw, president of the Speedway in 1946–1954, was once believed to be the person who coined the phrase, and it was erroneously claimed in his autobiography that he recited it in all the post-World War II years until his death.[105] Speedway historian Donald Davidson, however, believes Shaw only recited it twice, in 1953 and 1954.

After Shaw's death, Tony Hulman started reciting the command, and made it popular and famous. The normally soft-spoken and shy Hulman had a proud and vociferous version of the command annually. Hulman would rehearse the line, perfecting it for show, and was even known to work with radio broadcaster Luke Walton to draft cue cards to know when to stress certain words and syllables. After Hulman's death in 1977, his widow Mary F. Hulman took over the honor, followed by their daughter Mari George.

In 1977, Janet Guthrie became the first female driver to qualify for the Indy 500. Controversy surrounded the command, because the Speedway management did not want to alter the traditional phrase.[106] During the week before the race, the management announced that they would not change the wording of the command. Looking for an excuse, they insisted that the cars were actually started by male crew members with an electric hand-held starter from behind the car. Guthrie and her crew were quite displeased by the stubbornness of the Speedway management, considering her unprecedented accomplishment. The crew reacted by assigning Kay Bignotti[106] (wife of George Bignotti) as the crew member to operate the inertial starter at the back of Guthrie's car. The Speedway's argument fell apart, and they decided upon a special amended command for that year. They did not announce beforehand what the special command would be,[106] and Hulman's highly anticipated phrase was the following:

In company with the first lady ever to qualify at Indianapolis, gentlemen, start your engines.

In 1978–1979, when Guthrie again qualified for the race, the command was simply amended to "Lady and gentlemen, start your engines." In 1992, Lyn St. James became the second female to qualify for the race. She publicly requested, albeit not contentiously, that the command be changed to "Drivers, start your engines."[107] The request was dismissed, and the command used was the now customary "Lady and gentlemen..." variation. That variation, along with "Ladies and gentlemen..." were used many times over the next two decades. In 2017, Pippa Mann was the lone female driver in the field, and Tony George gave the command as "Drivers, start your engines." This was the first time that this variation of the command was used for the race.

For many years, the traditional location for giving the command was at the pace car in the front of the starting grid. Public address announcer Jim Philippe normally introduced the command, describing it as the "traditional command" or the "famous four words." Phillippe's final 500 was 2003. Likewise, for many years through 1989, Luke Walton traditionally introduced the command on the radio network broadcast. Since 2004, current public address announcer Dave Calabro introduces the command normally by calling it the "most famous words in motorsports."

In most cases, Tony Hulman would give the command, then ride in the pace car during the pace laps. Mary F. Hulman would give the command near the pace car, but rarely rode in the pace car due to her age and declining health. Eventually, the location was moved to near the start/finish line, and in 2001, it was moved to the new Victory Podium stage adjacent to the Pagoda. In 2011 only, Mari George moved back to the front of the starting grid to give the command, and then she rode in the pace car with A. J. Foyt. In 2014, as a special gesture to Jim Nabors's final performance at Indy, the starting command was given in unison by both Mari George and Nabors, marking the first time a non-member of the Hulman-George family had given the command for the 500 since 1954. In 2016 for the 100th Indianapolis 500, now-matriarch Mari was joined by three subsequent generations of the Hulman-George family, who gave the command together. Due to her advanced age, the 2016 race would be Mari's final turn giving the command. Later that same year, Tony George gave the starting command for the Brickyard 400, his first time giving a command since a restart command in 1986. For the 2017 Indianapolis 500, the duty was permanently assigned to Tony George. In that year, Tony George began using the phrase "Drivers, start your engines" instead of the more familiar "Lady and gentlemen..." variation. However, for the 2019 race, George recited that latter variation.

Roger Penske, who purchased the Speedway from the Hulman-George family in November 2019, gave the starting command for the 2020 Indianapolis 500.[108]

Years Starting command Notes
1948–1952 Seth Klein or John Francis "Irish" Horan (unconfirmed)
1953–1954 Wilbur Shaw  
1955–1977 Tony Hulman Restart commands by Tony Hulman in 1967, 1973
1978–1980 Mary F. Hulman  
1981 Mari Hulman George  
1982–1996 Mary F. Hulman Restart command by Tom Carnegie in 1982
Restart command by Tony George in 1986
1997-2013 Mari Hulman George Restart command by Mari Hulman George in 1997
Restart command by Tom Carnegie in 2004
2014 Mari Hulman George & Jim Nabors  
2015 Mari Hulman George  
2016 Four generations of the Hulman-George family[109] (including Mari George and Tony George)
2017-2019 Tony George  
2020-2022 Roger Penske  

On occasions when an accident or rain has halted the race, a second command has typically been given. Years include: 1967, 1973, 1982, 1986, 1997, 2004, 2007. The amended command, "gentlemen, re-start your engines," has usually been used. In 1986, this restart command was given by Tony George. In 1997, it was given by Mari Hulman George. In 1982 and 2004 the command was given by public address announcer Tom Carnegie.

In 1981, Mary F. Hulman was unable to recite the starting command due to an illness. In that year, Mari George recited, her first time performing the honor.[110]

Over the years, the starting command has been adopted to start all sorts of auto racing in the United States, including but not limited to NASCAR. However, in many venues outside of Indy, the phrase "Drivers, start your engines" appears to be the preferred version.

Honorary starter edit

 
Reggie Miller in the starter's stand in 2005

A recently added tradition is the use of an honorary starter. A special guest has been invited in recent years to wave the green flag to start the race. Starting in 2013, the tradition was expanded where another celebrity or special guest(s) arrives on race morning by helicopter to ceremoniously deliver the green flag or the checkered flag. The official starter (or "flagman"), however, is a trained race official, and handles the remainder of the flagging duties during the race. In 2010, due to two early caution periods, honorary starter Jack Nicholson elected to stay in the starter's perch for an additional few minutes, and was able to drop the green for the two subsequent restarts as well.

Celebrity guests edit

Since the early years of the race, celebrities from all walks of fame have been invited to the race, some have returned for many years or even decades. Television and movie stars, recording artists, sports figures, politicians, and military, are among the many dignitaries invited.[119] During the pre-race, a parade of stars is conducted around the track, usually in convertibles. In numerous years, celebrities have been invited to drive the pace car at the start of the race.

 
Linda Vaughn at the 1997 Indianapolis 500

Clark Gable is seen in a famous photograph of the 1947 race. Among the many celebrities who attended or have attended multiple Indy 500s include Jim Nabors, James Garner (who drove the pace car in 1975, 1977 and 1985), David Letterman, Tim Allen, Florence Henderson, Linda Vaughn, and many others. Paul Newman, who starred in the Indy-related film Winning, attended the race many times, and in 1983–1995, and then again in 2008, was at the race as co-owner of Newman/Haas Racing. Joyce DeWitt, who grew up in the Town of Speedway, and graduated from Speedway Senior High School, once worked at the Indianapolis Motor Speedway ticket office.[120]

At least three former U.S. Presidents (and one future President) has attended the Indianapolis 500. Following his presidency, Gerald Ford attended the 1979 race, serving also as the grand marshal of the 500 Festival Parade.[121] After their presidencies, both George H. W. Bush and Bill Clinton attended the 2003 race, the first time in Indy history that two former presidents were at the same race.[122] It was the elder Bush's second visit to the Speedway; he previously presided over the opening ceremonies of the 1987 Pan American Games, which was held at the track. Future President Donald Trump attended the race in 2002.[123] Trump was selected to drive the pace car for the 2011 race, but withdrew the duty after drawing controversy from fans. In 1971, tentative plans were made for sitting president Richard Nixon to attend the race, as part of the NATO Conference on Urban Affairs that was being held in the city. Nixon was even rumored to be giving the starting command.[124] Nixon would have been the first, and only to-date, sitting president to attend the race. However, the visit was later cancelled.

At least two presidential candidates have visited the Speedway during their respective election campaigns, owning much to the fact that the Indiana primary is usually held in May. Ronald Reagan visited the track during the month of May 1976, while he was in town campaigning for the 1976 Indiana Republican primary.[125][126] Likewise, Hillary Clinton visited the track while campaigning for the 2008 Indiana primary and met with driver Sarah Fisher.

At least four former vice presidents have attended the race. The aforementioned Gerald Ford, George H. W. Bush, and Indiana natives Dan Quayle and Mike Pence. Quayle has attended the race numerous times, including three times as sitting Vice President (1989–1991). Pence has reportedly attended the race over thirty times, most recently in 2016, while he was the sitting Governor of Indiana and again in 2017 while he was sitting vice president. In 2018, Pence visited the track during practice, but not on race day.[127]

David Letterman worked as a reporter for ABC Sports during the 1971 race, and attended the race many times as a spectator. Since 2002, he has attended the race as co-owner of Rahal Letterman Racing. The team won the race in 2004 and 2020. At the 2015 race, Letterman was honored on the famous scoring pylon during the pre-race; just four days after he retired from the Late Show.

During the 1960s and early 1970s, several NASA astronauts from the Mercury and Apollo programs were among invited guests.

Race edit

 
Indianapolis 500, 1994
  • For the entire history of the 500 mile race, the official winner of the race has been defined as the driver who completes the 500 mile distance first, sans penalties. A winner is declared with a finishing time in hours, minutes, and seconds. Finishers behind the winner were given additional time – upwards of an hour in early years – to complete the 500 mile distance. In very early years, completing the full 500 miles was a requirement to receive prize money. In 1912, Ralph Mulford famously took nearly nine hours (over 21⁄2 hours after the winner) to complete the race and earn the 10th place prize money. Later, it was because completing the 500 mile distance at an average speed of over 100 mph earned a driver a spot in the prestigious Champion Spark Plug 100 mph Club. In 1964 as live television arrived, this "extra time" was reduced to about five minutes, and after 1974, when raucous fans ran out on the track at the checkered flag, extra time was eliminated. 1975 was the first year in which the lap the winner finishes the race is the final lap for all competitors.[128] In 1966, Gordon Johncock was said to have completed the 500 miles in lesser elapsed time than winner Graham Hill. However, Johncock had suffered minor damage during the first lap accident, and restarted the race in the pit lane due to the crew changing the nose cone. USAC officials did not score his first lap out of the pit lane, and he effectively ran all day carrying a one lap penalty to the field.[129]
  • The cars begin the race in a rolling start, traditionally in eleven rows of three, for a field of 33 total cars. Most other automobile races have two cars per row. The 33-car field derives from a 1919 AAA mandate of one car for every 400 feet (120 m) of track. Early races, however, saw varying numbers of starters, from as low as 21, to as high as 42. The number of cars in each row also varied, with as many as five abreast. Since 1933 there have only been the following exceptions to having a field of 33 racers:
    • In 1941, 33 cars initially qualified for the field during time trials. Sam Hanks was injured in a practice crash the day before the race and withdrew. Then on the morning of the race, George Barringer's car was destroyed in a fire that swept through the garage area, thus only 31 cars lined up to start the race.
    • In 1947, only 30 cars qualified. A boycott over the purse led to the smaller field.
    • In 1979, after a rules dispute over turbocharger inlets, and after controversy regarding the refusal of some entries from members of the CART series, a special fifth day of qualifying was added. However, only two cars ran sufficient speeds to be added to the field, and 35 cars lined up to start the race. Heavy attrition early on saw one car fail to complete a lap, and 7 cars out by lap 22.
    • In 1997, which used an "all exempt tour" concept similar to the PGA Tour since 1983, the top 25 teams headed in Indy Racing League team entry points standings earned exemptions into the field, with the top nine non-exempt cars making the race on speed. Some exempt teams bumped out other non-exempt cars that had actually qualified with faster speeds, but their teams were not in the top 25 of League points. Two bumped cars were restored to the field to ensure that the "33 fastest entries" were part of the field, for a total of 35 starters. Ironically on the pace lap, three cars crashed out together, while two suffered mechanical problems, and only 30 cars took the green flag. (A similar rule was used at the Crown Royal presents the Your Hero's Name Here 400 from 2005 to 2012 and the Lilly Diabetes 250 from 2012 to 2014. Both were NASCAR races which guaranteed a position for the top 35 drivers in the owners standings in the Sprint Cup Series and top 30 drivers for the Xfinity Series.)

"I always get a happy moment if I see the sunshine on race day, you know I think that's the happiest kind of a moment I ever have. Then I think when it's overcast I'm not quite so happy. Then when it rains, why I would just assume crawl under the bed and stay there."[130]

Tony Hulman, discussing his preferences for weather on race day.

  • Tom Carnegie announced on June 9, 2006, that the previous month's race, would be his last as official chief track announcer. Having called the race since 1946 on the public address system, he is best known for his lines, "He's/She's on it!" (signaling the start of a qualifying attempt), "It's a new track record!" (when a driver surpasses either a one- or four-lap track record in qualifications), and "He's slowing down on the backstretch!" or "Andretti is slowing down!" (The latter for the Andretti family's historical misfortune at Indianapolis.).[131] Carnegie was also known for opening each day in May when the track was open to the public with the words, "Good morning, race fans!" After Carnegie's retirement, Dave Calabro, sports director of Indianapolis' NBC affiliate WTHR, became the second chief PA announcer in the Hulman-George era for the 2007 race and ever since.
  • With the race scheduled for the month of May, the on-track activities are often at the mercy of midwestern springtime rain showers. Numerous practice days, qualifying days, and race days, over the years have been halted, delayed or washed out due to inclement weather. Since the cars can not race on a wet or damp course, rainy weather (and even rainy forecasts) are often despised by fans and competitors. Track owner Tony Hulman was said to have loathed rainy weather at the track, quipping that if he woke up on race day to rainy weather he "would just assume crawl under the bed and stay there". Days at the track that feature plentiful sunshine, warm, pleasant temperatures, and no precipitation, are said to be experiencing "Tony Hulman weather".

Post-race edit

Victory Lane edit

 
Victory Lane at the Indianapolis Motor Speedway.
 
Victory lane platform used from 1986 to 1993.
 
2017 Indy 500 winner Takuma Sato celebrates his victory.

Immediately after taking the checkered flag, the race winner drives to Victory Lane. The celebration to honor the winner begins with the car being wheeled onto a black and white checkered periphery. The driver is presented with the Borg-Warner Trophy, which is situated behind the car in a prominent location. A floral wreath (containing 33 lilies to commemorate the 33 drivers of the field) is placed around the winners neck, and the winner is presented with the traditional bottle of milk for refreshment. Interviews are taken for television, radio, and over the public address system. The driver's crew and team owner(s) also are invited to celebrate in victory lane, and are joined by numerous dignitaries, including the 500 Festival Queen and Princesses court, track and series personalities, celebrities, and various sponsor representatives. The Indianapolis 500 notably does not utilize a podium for the top-three finishers as is customary in other forms of racing, as well as at most other IndyCar events. Only the winning driver and team participate in victory lane celebrations, believed to be an homage to horse racing's Winner's Circle.

In the early years, victory lane was located at the far south end of the pit area, near the entrance to Turn One. For many years, it was identified by a large black and white checkered carpet. This location was used through 1970. In 1971, victory lane was moved to the horseshoe area located in front of the Master Control Tower. The car would be rolled up two checkered ramps, to a raised platform a few feet above the ground. In 1986, a new victory lane was constructed, which was a hydraulic lift in the pit lane. In 1994, after the pit lane was reconstructed, victory lane was moved back to the horseshoe area, this time on a large cylindrical platform.

The current victory lane is located beneath the Victory Podium stage, adjacent to the Pagoda. The podium, which was originally built in 2000 for the U.S. Grand Prix to serve as a 1st-2nd-3rd podium for that event and later MotoGP, SCCA, and USAC events, is not used as a podium for the Indy 500 or for the Brickyard 400. Instead it has been utilized as a stage for pre-race ceremonies. In 2020, as part of capital improvements by the new Penske ownership, the podium was upgraded to include a new hoist to lift the winning car on top of the victory podium platform stage, a throwback to the 1986-98 version of victory lane.

Bottle of milk edit

 
Dan Wheldon in Victory Lane with the bottle of milk

A long-standing tradition of the Indianapolis 500 is for the winner to drink a bottle of milk immediately after the race. This tradition dates back to 1936 after victor Louis Meyer asked for a glass of buttermilk, something his mother had encouraged him to drink on hot days. Meyer also reportedly drank milk after his victory in 1933, as did a few others in the immediate years afterward. The young tradition quickly went away, and for a time after World War II, was replaced by "Water From Wilbur" – a silver jug (resembling an ice bucket) filled with icy-cold water, presented by then-Speedway president, and three-time former winner Wilbur Shaw.

By 1956, the milk returned as a ritual as milk companies became sponsors of the race purse and handed a bottle of milk to the winner to promote their product.[6] A sponsorship of currently $10,000 now paid out by the American Dairy Association if the winner sips the milk in victory lane. In 1993, Emerson Fittipaldi drank orange juice instead of milk after his victory. The snub drew considerable ire from fans. Later he took a sip of milk, at the urging of his car owner Roger Penske. Fittipaldi owned citrus farms in Brazil, and wished to promote his industry. As a result, he was booed in driver's introductions the following week by the crowd in Milwaukee, Wisconsin, in the heart of "America's Dairyland." In 1981, Bobby Unser also did not drink the milk in victory lane.[132] After Unser was tentatively stripped of his victory, Mario Andretti sipped from a bottle of milk the next morning during the traditional photo shoot.

Drivers are allowed to choose what type of milk they want to receive, and the publication of the "milk list" is a popular event amongst fans. For the 2019 running of the 500, 21 drivers (including winner Simon Pagenaud) picked whole milk, 10 opted for 2 percent, Marcus Ericsson selected fat-free and defending champion Will Power did not list a preference.[133] Several modern drivers, most notably Ed Carpenter and James Hinchcliffe, have said they want to drink buttermilk if they were to win out of respect for Louis Meyer's original tradition.

Since the early 2000s, it has become increasingly common for winning drivers to pour some or all of the milk over their heads after drinking (in apparent emulation of champagne-spilling celebrations traditional at other races).

Borg-Warner Trophy edit

Main article: Borg-Warner Trophy

A bas-relief sculpture of the winner's face, along with his name, average speed, and date of victory is added to the Borg-Warner Trophy. The trophy has been in use since 1936.[6] A smaller replica of this trophy has been officially presented to the winner after the race since 1988 and team principal since 1997, usually in a press conference either at the Speedway or in Detroit at the North American International Auto Show at the BorgWarner exhibit, except for the 2011 race because of extenuating circumstances (the winning driver had died in a crash at an aborted INDYCAR race; the winning team principal and the driver's widow were presented with the respective trophies in the ensuing January). Prior to that, winners received a replica mounted on a chestnut plaque.

Other celebrations edit

  • The Gordon Pipers bagpipes marching band has performed traditionally at the Indianapolis 500 since 1962. The band marches and performs during the 500 Festival Parade, during pre-race ceremonies, and plays while the winner is being wheeled into victory lane.[134]
  • Celebratory burnouts or "donuts," while not specifically prohibited by the rules, are generally discouraged and frowned upon at the Indianapolis 500. Burnouts in IndyCar racing in general are often prohibited by the teams themselves, as they potentially inflict damage on the engines, which are subject to strict mileage usage and rebuild intervals.
  • Impromptu celebrations at locations other than the formal victory lane area are also discouraged, and sometimes are considered a breach of tradition. The lone allowable exception in the past many years has been Hélio Castroneves, who made a signature of climbing the catchfence after his victories. In 2016, Alexander Rossi ran out of fuel on his cool down lap, and his car coasted to a halt out on the track. He then sprung from his car to wave to fans in turn four. He was quickly towed to victory lane, and the formal celebrations began as normal. In 2019, winner Simon Pagenaud stopped at the start/finish line and climbed out of his car, which resulted in some mild criticism. Before the impromptu celebration escalated, officials coaxed him back into the car and pushed the car through a gate opening to the traditional victory lane.
  • At some point after the victory lane celebration, the winner is whisked away and rides for a lap around the track in the pace car to salute the fans.
  • The tradition of the winning driver and crew kissing the yard of bricks that mark the start/finish, started by Dale Jarrett at the 1996 Brickyard 400, appears to have carried over to the Indy 500, starting with Gil de Ferran in 2003.[135]

Selected awards edit

  • Pace car: The race winner has been awarded one of the pace cars, or a replica, almost every year since 1936. In 1941, there were only six copies of the special Chrysler Newport Phaeton, and no production models created. The co-winners did not receive it. In 1946, an oil painting and a trip[136] was substituted as the award, but winner George Robson died in a motor sports accident before he received it. In 1971, Al Unser received a Dodge Charger from Palmer Dodge in the Indianapolis area, after the Dodge Challenger pace car was damaged in the start crash. Palmer repaired the car and kept it until selling in 2006 to local car collector Steven Cage.[137] In 1991, the Dodge Viper was still a prototype vehicle, and only two were in existence. Winner Rick Mears was awarded instead a Dodge Stealth, which was to be the original pace car but after protests by the UAW (because the Stealth was a captive import built by Mitsubishi in Japan), they were instead used at the track for festival cars.[6]
  • Rookie of the Year: Since 1952, the Rookie of the Year award has been presented for the most outstanding performance by a rookie (first year) driver. The award is voted on by a panel of experts, and does not necessarily go to the highest finishing rookie.
  • Louis Schwitzer Award: The Louis Schwitzer Award is presented annually to an engineer, or a team of engineers, for excellence in the design, development and implementation of new, innovative motorsports technology concepts for use in the Indianapolis 500.
  • Jigger Award: The Jigger Award is presented by the American Auto Racing Writers & Broadcasters Association (AARWBA) for the "hard-luck" driver during time trials. It is in reference to the infamous qualifying gaffe of Leon Duray "Jigger" Sirois at the 1969 race. Selection criteria is very loose, and sometimes lighthearted, but the recipient is usually one of the last drivers bumped from the field, or a driver who fails to qualify (especially if the driver made several unsuccessful attempts).
  • Quilt: Among the numerous awards presented to the winner is the traditional Winner's Quilt. Beginning in 1976, Jeanetta Holder hand-crafted a special quilt blanket that featured an Indy-related design and presented the quilt to the winning driver the morning after the race, during the traditional winner's photo shoot.[138] Holder died in December 2023.[139]
  • Winner's photo: The morning after the race, the winning driver and team participates in the traditional winner's photo shoot at the start-finish line. The 1981 photo shoot is notable in that race winner Bobby Unser was stripped of the victory when official results were posted. Second place Mario Andretti was elevated to the win, and Andretti took part in the photo shoot. Later in the year, Unser was reinstated the victory, having never sat for a session of official winner photographs. In 2009, heavy rain on Monday morning forced Hélio Castroneves' photo shoot to take place indoors.
  • Victory Banquet: The night after the race, the prizes are distributed at the annual 500 Victory Banquet. The traditional awards banquet dates back many decades. In 1972, the black-tie gala was moved to the Indiana Convention Center, and was held there until the mid-2000s. In more recent years, it has been held at a pavilion on the grounds of the Speedway. The 1973 banquet was cancelled due to the rain delay and tragic circumstances surrounding the event. For a brief time (2000–2001), the banquet was held on Sunday night, a few hours after the conclusion of the race. The 2000 race did not end until nearly 6 p.m. due to a rain delay, and participants had to rush downtown to make the banquet on time. In 2002, the banquet was moved back to Monday night. In 1986, the race was delayed until the following Saturday due to rain, and the banquet was cancelled due to scheduling concerns. A private victory luncheon for the top three finishers was held the day after the race at the Speedway Motel.

Official standings edit

For many years, the results of the race were considered unofficial until the following day. Immediately after the race, the sanctioning body would begin reviewing the scoring serials, as well as examine video tapes and film, in order to confirm the results, correct scoring errors, make judgements on rules infractions, and assess penalties (or rescind penalties) if necessary. It was not unusual for the vetting process to go late into the evening, beyond midnight, and into the early hours of the next morning. Traditionally, USAC would post the official results at 8 a.m. local time the morning after the race. Revisions were not unusual, as assessed penalties and scoring corrections would be announced in the official standings. However, most corrections were relatively minor, and seldom did drivers lose or gain positions in the final standings. A brief protest period would open for the teams to formally submit complaints, and if there were no protests, the official results would stand as published.

This policy was often a source of controversy, as in earlier years, this made officials apt to document rules infractions as they occurred, but not assess penalties until after the race – rather than during the race. Drivers and teams were sometimes not made fully aware of rules infractions until after they were issued a penalty the next morning. This prevented teams from being able to strategize and make up the penalty deficits during the race itself. In some cases, the penalty dropped them one or more positions in the final standings. By the early to mid-1990s, with speed limits being instituted on pit lane after a fatality during a NASCAR race in 1990, penalties that included making a pit stop without any further activities ("stop and go") or driving through pit lane at the prescribed speed limit without stopping ("drive-through penalty"), have replaced most post-race infractions.

Starting in 1990, a new electronic scoring system was implemented, simplifying the scoring process.[140][141] In that year, officials were done compiling the official standings very early Sunday evening, but still withheld the official release until 8 a.m. the next day. By 1993, the rules were amended such that the official standings would be released approximately six hours following the conclusion of the race (rather than the next morning).[142] This was largely because computer and GPS-based scoring systems had automated the process, and barring any equipment malfunctions (as happened at Texas in 1997), serial scoring errors were almost non-existent; and significantly more accurate and reliable than previous hand-scoring methods. Manually-assessed penalties (such as one-lap penalties assessed for violations that occurred very late in the race) are occasionally a focus of post-race analysis and scoring revision, as those penalties are typically unable to be served before the race concludes.

Related events edit

In the days leading up the race, numerous other related and unrelated events are held in and around Indianapolis.

As of 2017, the four racing events are held over four consecutive nights, leading up to the Indy 500 on Sunday. The Hulman Classic is typically Wednesday night, the Hoosier Hundred Thursday night, the Carb Night Classic Friday night, and the Little 500 on Saturday night.

See also edit

References edit

  1. ^ Cavin, Curt (October 1, 2013). "IndyCar officials provide details for revised 2.434-mile IMS road course". Indianapolis Star. Gannett Company. Retrieved October 1, 2013.
  2. ^ Sturm, William F. (December 16, 1918). "Speedway Race Date is Changed to May 31". The Indianapolis News. p. 17. Retrieved May 4, 2015 – via Newspapers.com. 
  3. ^ "Popular Non-Winner 'Herk' Eyes Title". The Indianapolis News. May 26, 1972. p. 40. Retrieved February 12, 2019 – via Newspapers.com. 
  4. ^ . Motorsport.com. 1996-05-10. Archived from the original on 2011-06-07. Retrieved 2009-10-21.
  5. ^ Mittman, Dick. Indianapolis 500 Qualifying Has Evolved Over The Years 2008-03-06 at the Wayback Machine, Indy500.com, September 22, 2004
  6. ^ a b c d e Indianapolis 500 Traditions 2008-08-03 at the Wayback Machine Indy500.com
  7. ^ Indianapolis 500 Schedule 2008-10-13 at the Wayback Machine, Indy500.com
  8. ^ 1995 Indianapolis 500 Official Program. IMS Corporation. 1995. pp. 121–125.
  9. ^ "Voices From the Speedway: 50 Years of the Indy 500 on Radio" - 1070 WIBC-AM & IMS Radio Network, 2002
  10. ^ The Talk of Gasoline Alley. April 29, 2014. WFNI.
  11. ^ "Voices of the 500: 50 years of the Indy 500 on Radio". Indy 500 DVD Legacy Series. 2002.
  12. ^ . One on One With Mark Montieth. 2009-05-10. WFNI. Archived from the original on July 17, 2011.
  13. ^ "CheckerFest". The Indianapolis Star. May 17, 1992. p. 23. Retrieved March 9, 2022 – via Newspapers.com. 
  14. ^ "What's doin' besides race". The Indianapolis News. May 27, 1993. p. 58. Retrieved March 9, 2022 – via Newspapers.com. 
  15. ^ "Calendar". The Indianapolis Star. May 22, 1994. p. 161. Retrieved March 9, 2022 – via Newspapers.com. 
  16. ^ "Free Time Guide". The Indianapolis News. May 25, 1995. p. 72. Retrieved March 9, 2022 – via Newspapers.com. 
  17. ^ "Race Downtown". The Indianapolis News. May 3, 1996. p. 28. Retrieved March 9, 2022 – via Newspapers.com. 
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April 09, 2024
indianapolis, traditions, longevity, indianapolis, numerous, traditions, surrounding, race, have, developed, over, years, traditions, include, procedures, running, race, scheduling, race, post, race, festivities, many, fans, these, traditions, important, aspec. Due to the longevity of the Indianapolis 500 numerous traditions surrounding the race have developed over the years Traditions include procedures for the running of the race scheduling and pre race and post race festivities For many fans these traditions are an important aspect of the race and they have often reacted quite negatively when the traditions are changed or broken Jim Nabors performed Back Home Again in Indiana before the start of the race nearly every year from 1972 to 2014 2011 Indianapolis 500 winner Dan Wheldon celebrating with a bottle of milk in victory lane As part of the Memorial Day holiday weekend the pre race ceremonies of the Indianapolis 500 feature several patriotic songs Like most other sporting events the national anthem is performed before the race by a notable vocalist The most noteworthy and most popular traditions are the annual singing of the chorus of Back Home Again in Indiana and the victory lane bottle of milk Contents 1 Month of May 1 1 Memorial Day 1 2 Days and dates 1 3 Practice and qualifying 1 4 Radio 1 5 Concerts 1 6 Last Row Party 1 7 Public drivers meeting and Legends Day 1 8 500 Festival Parade 2 Track lore 2 1 The Brickyard 2 2 Gasoline Alley 2 3 The Snake Pit 2 4 Coke Lot 2 5 Food 2 6 Superstitions 2 7 Curse of the Smiths 2 8 Rabbits 3 Pre race ceremonies 3 1 Grand marshal 3 2 National anthem 3 3 Other songs 3 3 1 America the Beautiful 3 3 2 God Bless America 3 3 3 God Bless The USA 3 4 Invocation 3 5 Taps 3 6 Fly bys 3 7 Back Home Again in Indiana 3 8 Starting command 3 9 Honorary starter 3 10 Celebrity guests 4 Race 5 Post race 5 1 Victory Lane 5 2 Bottle of milk 5 3 Borg Warner Trophy 5 4 Other celebrations 5 5 Selected awards 5 6 Official standings 6 Related events 7 See also 8 ReferencesMonth of May editThe two to three weeks of practice and qualifying leading up to the Indianapolis 500 is known in racing circles simply as the month of May at Indianapolis In early years the track traditionally opened for practice on May 1 regardless of the day of the week This practice dated back to 1911 The policy was typically to make the track available for practice no later than May 1 although in most years few if any competitors might be on the grounds yet It was not uncommon for local entries to begin setting up in the garage area in early mid April to work on their cars Out of town or overseas entries sometimes arrived in Indianapolis sometimes after lengthy travels and set up shop in a local garage before moving into the track In some years the track might even be available for practice and testing as early as mid April For instance in 1932 cars began to arrive on April 6 and in 1969 the first day of practice was April 28 In very early years it was not uncommon for the track to be closed on Sundays during practice or be open for only competitors with the gates closed to the public In 1974 due to the energy crisis the schedule was reduced and the track opened instead three weeks before race day The change was well received and the new schedule was made permanent with various tweaks over the years In 2014 a second race at Indianapolis was introduced to the IndyCar Series schedule conducted on the track s road course The new event is held two weeks before the 500 1 Though not part of the month of May since the mid 2010s Founders Day has been recognized and celebrated at the Speedway each year on March 20 That coincides with the date in 1909 in which the Speedway was incorporated Since 2017 Founders Day is used to announce inductees of the Indianapolis Motor Speedway Hall of Fame with the formal induction taking place during the month of May Memorial Day edit The race has always been scheduled in conjunction with Memorial Day Through 1970 the race was held on Memorial Day proper May 30 regardless of the day of the week unless it fell on Sunday In those cases it was scheduled for Monday May 31 After the Uniform Monday Holiday Act took effect in 1971 the race was scheduled as part of the three day Memorial Day weekend either the Saturday the Sunday or the Monday of the holiday weekend Since 1974 the race has been scheduled for the Sunday of Memorial Day weekend and has been held on a Sunday with only two exceptions due to rain delays Sundays were avoided for scheduling race activity dating all the way back to pre 500 races in 1909 and 1910 In early decades Sundays were occasionally used for practice and or qualifying but were used sparingly in pre World War II years In some early years practice may have been permitted on Sundays but the gates might not be open to the public When Tony Hulman bought the Speedway after World War II Speedway management continued to refuse to schedule the race on a Sunday a policy that stayed in place through 1973 Qualifying and practice however were regularly held on Sundays during those years with no days closed to spectators From 1911 to 1970 the race was scheduled for May 30 regardless of the day of the week If May 30 fell on a Sunday the race was scheduled for Monday May 31 For the first 500 in 1911 May 30 fell on a Tuesday In 1915 May 30 fell on a Sunday and the race was initially scheduled for Saturday May 29 Heavy rains fell in the days leading up to the race flooding the grounds and made some dirt roads leading to the track impassible A few days before the race was to be held officials decided to postpone the race until Monday May 31 in order to allow time for the grounds to dry out In 1919 the race was held Saturday May 31 It was first race after the conclusion of World War I The race was deliberately moved off Memorial Day Friday May 30 and pushed to Saturday so as not to detract from the holiday 2 May 30 fell on Sunday in 1920 1926 1937 1948 1954 and 1965 In each of those years the race was held on Monday May 31 The final race under that scheduling format 1970 was on Saturday May 30 In 1971 and 1972 the race was held on the Saturday of Memorial Day weekend In 1973 the race was scheduled for Memorial Day Monday The change was made after requests from spectators many complaining that it was inconvenient to the many people who had to work on Saturdays 3 In addition it allowed the popular 500 Festival Parade to run downtown during the daytime rather than as the night parade it had been forced to be for years Despite the change rain and accidents delayed the race until Wednesday Since 1974 the race has been scheduled for the Sunday of Memorial Day weekend In case of a rainout on Sunday the race will be rescheduled for the following day Monday the Memorial Day federal holiday Monday is the prioritized make up date however if it rains again on Monday the race will be shifted to the next available day The 1986 race was scheduled for Sunday May 25 but was it rained out on both Sunday and Monday It was postponed to the following weekend and held on Saturday May 31 The 1997 race was scheduled for Sunday May 25 but rain washed out the day The race began the next day on Memorial Day Monday May 26 but rain showers moved back into the area The race was halted after 15 laps and could not be restarted Short of the 101 laps needed for an official race track officials elected to resume the race on the following day Tuesday May 27 The race was run to completion as laps 16 200 were completed on Tuesday The 2020 race was scheduled for Sunday May 24 but due to the global pandemic was rescheduled for Sunday August 23 in an attempt to allow spectators which Marion County refused spectators were eventually allowed for the third INDYCAR meeting at the Speedway the Harvest Grand Prix in October 2020 Armed Forces Day also falls during the month of May and usually coincides with one of the weekends of time trials Since 1978 at the Speedway that weekend is often filled with activities honoring the U S military including an oath of enlistment ceremony Days and dates edit Day Total YearsSunday 47 1974 1975 1976 1977 1978 1979 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023Monday 15 1915 1920 1921 1926 1927 1932 1937 1938 1948 1949 1954 1955 1960 1965 1966Tuesday 8 1911 1916 1922 1933 1939 1950 1961 1997Wednesday 8 1923 1934 1940 1951 1956 1962 1967 1973Thursday 8 1912 1928 1929 1935 1946 1957 1963 1968Friday 8 1913 1924 1930 1941 1947 1952 1958 1969Saturday 12 1914 1919 1925 1931 1936 1953 1959 1964 1970 1971 1972 1986Date Total YearsMay 24 6 1981 1987 1992 1998 2009 2015May 25 5 1975 1980 2003 2008 2014May 26 7 1974 1985 1991 1996 2002 2013 2019May 27 9 1972 1979 1984 1990 1997 2001 2007 2012 2018May 28 7 1978 1989 1995 2000 2006 2017 2023May 29 8 1971 1977 1983 1988 1994 2005 2011 2016 2022May 30 54 1911 1912 1913 1914 1916 1920 1921 1922 1923 1924 1925 1927 1928 1929 1930 1931 1932 1933 1934 1935 1936 1938 1939 1940 1941 1946 1947 1949 1950 1951 1952 1953 1955 1956 1957 1958 1959 1960 1961 1962 1963 1964 1966 1968 1969 1970 1973 1976 1982 1993 1999 2004 2010 2021May 31 9 1915 1919 1926 1937 1948 1954 1965 1967 1986August 23 1 2020Practice and qualifying edit nbsp Helio Castroneves makes his pole winning qualification run in 2007 during Happy Hour Note the shadows cast on the racing surface Opening Day The first day of practice is traditionally referred to as Opening Day From 1911 to 1973 Opening day was traditionally May 1 although oftentimes the track was made available for practice much earlier than that date The day is usually marked with festivities and for many years was popularly attended In some years when May 1 fell mid week or if weather interfered the activity would be light and the formal ceremonies would be held on the first Saturday of the month Since 1974 the Opening Day practice session has been scheduled either three weeks or two weeks prior to race day The battle to be the First Driver on the Track for the month was a spectacle of Opening Day for many years Teams and drivers would battle to get their cars prepped and cranked up as soon as officials opened the track hoping to be the first car to leave the pits and likewise the first car to complete a practice lap for the month The effort usually attracted the attention of the smaller teams as it was seen as a way to draw headlines for the day The race to be first on the track was usually friendly although in some years it became heated drawing the ire of the officials For a time it became a tradition that the cars of the Bryant Heating amp Cooling Team and later Dick Simon Racing were usually the first cars on the track In recent years Opening Day might include separate sessions for Rookie Orientation and Refresher tests proceeding or following a full field veteran driver practice session One of the long standing traditions of Opening Day is the ceremonial handing over of the keys to the pace car from the manufacturer to the track officials Rookie Orientation Program Starting in 1936 all rookies were required to take a rookie test prior to being allowed to compete The test traditionally consists of multiple phases each increasing in speed under the close observation of officials driver coaches and both current and former IndyCar Series drivers Rookie drivers are required to exhibit adequate car control and proper driving lines among other requirements After several decades of conducting the tests during normal session of practice usually early in the month officials decided to organize the sessions Since 1981 the Rookie Orientation Program ROP has been held in April or early May The program allows newcomers the opportunity to take their first laps at the Speedway and acclimate themselves to the circuit in a relaxed environment It would be held without the pressure of veteran drivers crowding the track without the distraction of spectators and with minimal media coverage Currently drivers can complete all phases of their rookie tests during ROP if conditions allow The ROP has traditionally been held prior to opening day however in some years it served as opening day Drivers with exceptional driving experience at high levels of motorsports can occasionally receive waivers for participation in ROP but must still pass their rookie test at a later date before they can practice during normal sessions Refresher Tests In addition to Rookie Orientation Program veteran Indy 500 drivers who have not been behind the wheel of a race car for a considerable amount of time as determined by the officials may be required to complete a refresher test prior to competing Currently the Refresher Test consists of the final two phases of the aforementioned rookie test and it is used to re acclimate drivers to Indy car racing and the Speedway Refresher test participants usually are drivers that have not driven in an Indy car particularly on an oval superspeedway since the previous year s Indy 500 or longer This usually applies to part time drivers and drivers who have been away from the sport for an extended period of time Full time drivers in the IndyCar Series that are not rookies are almost universally exempt from taking refresher tests Track time for refresher tests is usually offered during the Rookie Orientation Program but they can also be completed on regular practice days unless they did not participate at Indianapolis or another superspeeway the previous year nbsp Scoring pylon at the close of pole day qualifications in 2009 nbsp Scott Dixon goes up against Sage Karam during the Pit Stop Challenge at the 2019 Carb DayPractice Since the first Indianapolis 500 in 1911 the track has been opened for practice early in the month for competitors Through 1973 it was a tradition that the track was made available for practice beginning on May 1 In some years the track opened as early as mid April In 1974 the schedule was cut back to three weeks prior to race day Since 2010 the track typically opens for practice about two weeks before race day In the early years practice began each day as early as 9 00 a m but in modern times the track typically opens at 11 a m or 12 p m Traditionally the track closes at 6 00 p m During the USAC years the 6 p m close was a hard deadline but more recent years if weather delays the start of practice on a particular day IndyCar officials may extend the session beyond 6 p m to make up for some lost track time Happy Hour The final hour of practice and qualifying each day is referred to as Happy Hour Due to the large double deck grandstands on the frontstretch large shadows are cast over a good portion of the track cooling the asphalt surface A lower ambient air temperature along with a lower track surface temperature usually translates into faster speeds Since Indiana began observing Daylight Saving Time in 2006 this phenomenon has been somewhat diminished Fast Friday The final practice session before pole day qualifying is nicknamed Fast Friday The fastest speeds of the month are commonly observed on Fast Friday as teams and drivers make their final preparations and look for final bragging rights before the run for the pole position Since the current engine formula was adopted in 2012 elevated turbocharger boost levels have been permitted on Fast Friday reflecting the increased level allowed during time trials Drivers who have been sandbagging during the week may choose to reveal their speed in an effort to distance themselves from the competition Sometimes the speeds turned in on Fast Friday are overachieved by the respective drivers due to a tow Though Fast Friday has been a fixture since the 1950s 1960s the nickname was not coined until about 1996 4 Track records set on Fast Friday as well as other practice sessions are considered unofficial The sanctioning body only recognizes speeds set during the officially competitive sessions of qualifying and the race Pole Day The first day of time trials traditionally was referred to as Pole Day The fastest qualifier on pole day wins the highly coveted pole position Over the years the race for the pole was often regarded as a race in itself a speed contest and was advertised as the second largest single day sporting event second only to race day itself Though crowds have diminished for pole day as of late and rules changes have curtailed speeds the nickname The Fastest Day in Motorsports is still sometimes used Since 2014 a special two day format has been utilized for time trials and the pole position is actually not determined until the conclusion of the second day The term pole day is still widely used however to reference the second day in particular Bump Day The final day of qualifying when the final starting field is set is traditionally known as Bump Day or Bubble Day Drivers who are removed from the starting grid of 33 by being out qualified by faster cars are said to have been bumped The driver with the slowest speed in the field of 33 the first in line to be bumped is said to be on the bubble 5 Unqualified drivers attempt to bump their way into the field and burst the slower driver s bubble Prior to World War II the term typically used for drivers being knocked out of the field was crowded out Since the early 2000s smaller entry lists have led to fewer cars or even zero cars being bumped from the starting grid With the adoption of a special two day qualifying format in 2014 the bumping procedure from 2014 to 2018 actually would occur on the first day Saturday of time trials As such the term Bump Day disappeared from use for a few years In 2018 the term Bump Day was brought back and was used as the nickname for the first day of time trials Beginning in 2019 the bumping procedure returns to the second day of time trials Sunday Post qualifying practice Beginning in 2014 an additional practice session has been scheduled on the Monday after qualifying and starting in 2019 after Pole Day qualifying primarily for the cars starting 10 30 which do not participate in any qualifying sessions during Bump session or the Pole session After schedule overhauls as well as a substantial format changes for qualifying this session is utilized specifically for race practice particularly multi car group practice This practice session has proven to be frenzied and aggressive simulating race conditions Previously teams would utilize weekdays and very often loosely utilize the down times of the final day of time trials for such practice Due to the format changes of time trials adequate time is no longer available to practice during down times on the last day of time trials due to the lengthy post qualifying technical inspection and the general lateness of the day that the starting grid is finalized This extra practice period is also sometimes used by teams to reach maximum mileage for engines as they install a fresh engine for Carb Day and race day Under current INDYCAR rules an engine must reach 2 550 miles or 4 100 km during the season in order to be eligible for a fresh engine Freedom 100 The Indy Lights developmental support series now called Indy NXT began holding a support race the Freedom 100 during the month of May in 2003 For the first two years it was held on the second weekend of time trials In 2005 it was moved to Carb Day Practice and qualifying for the Freedom 100 is held at some point during the week between Indy 500 time trials and Carb Day The Freedom 100 was taken off the schedule in 2020 and it currently on hiatus Carb Day The final practice session before the race currently held on the Friday before race day is called Carburetion Day shortened to Carb Day since 2000 The name originally came from the fact that it was the final session where teams could tune their carburetors in conditions similar to those that might be encountered on race day The name has remained despite the fact that no qualified car has used a carburetor since 1963 6 The day is now similar to most motorsport weekends as the final practice is accompanied by a pit stop contest a support race and a concert 7 The Pit Stop Challenge debuted in 1977 the Indy Lights Freedom 100 moved to Carb Day in 2005 and the concerts have been held since 1998 In 1969 1972 Carb Day was held the Wednesday before the race From 1973 to 2004 Carb Day was held the Thursday before the race It was moved to Friday before the race beginning in 2005 at which time the Indy Lights race was moved to that day Prior to 1969 Carb Day was not on a fixed day of the week instead it was simply scheduled for a nondescript day midway between the final day of time trials and race day and was sometimes closed to the public Particularly with the advent of the sometimes aggressive Post Qualifying Monday practice the Carb Day practice session is typically disciplined and relatively tame The objectives of the teams might be to conduct basic leak checks and or other minute last minute adjustments but refraining from aggressive driving and avoiding incidents In case of inclement weather the Carb Day practice is usually cancelled without being rescheduled Radio edit Coverage of the Indianapolis 500 on radio dates back to 1922 8 9 10 11 The longtime flagship of the IMS Radio Network is WFNI AM 1070 formerly 1070 WIBC The network dates back to 1952 and was initially launched using WIBC talent Since the late 1960s and early 1970s the station has featured extensive daily coverage of practice qualifications as well as pre race and post race coverage on race day From 1971 to 2020 the most popular and most traditional daily show during the month of May was Donald Davidson s The Talk of Gasoline Alley 12 Concerts edit nbsp Jason AldeanSince the early 1990s concerts featuring a top act s have been held the weekend of the race Originally the concerts were held downtown the night of Carburetion Day sponsored by local radio station WFBQ In 1998 the Carb Day concert was moved to the track Numerous other local bands indie bands garage bands and smaller musical acts perform at other times during the month on days featuring track activity Prior to 2005 Carb Day was the Thursday before the race and since 2005 Carb Day has been the Friday prior to the race Currently the Carb Day concert is typically held in the afternoon following the conclusion of on track activity Starting in 2014 a second headlining concert has been held on Legends Day The Carb Day concert has typically featured rock groups while Legends Day typically stars country music artists The performers have been as follows Carb Day concerts1992 Doug Lawson and the Middle of the Road Band Wednesday Carl Storie band Friday 13 1993 38 Special concert held downtown at Union Station 14 1994 John Kay and Steppenwolf Carl Storie and the Faith Band reunion Bob amp Tom Band concert held downtown at Union Station 15 1995 Alligator Brothers Bob amp Tom Band The Electric Amish The Marshall Tucker Band concert held downtown at Union Station 16 1996 Charlie Daniels Band concert held downtown at Union Station 17 1997 Bob amp Tom Band The Electric Amish Larry Crane Eddie Money concert held downtown at Union Station 18 1998 Tracy Byrd and Neal McCoy 1999 Lorrie Morgan and Sammy Kershaw 2000 Smash Mouth 2001 Collective Soul 2002 Better Than Ezra Nine Days opened 2003 Cracker Kenny Brack and the Subwoofers opened 2004 Live Kenny Brack and the Subwoofers opened 2005 The Black Crowes 22 20s opened 2006 The B 52 s and Third Eye Blind 2007 Kid Rock 2008 Stone Temple Pilots 2009 3 Doors Down 2010 ZZ Top 2011 Staind and Papa Roach 2012 Lynyrd Skynyrd 2013 Poison 2014 Sammy Hagar and The Wabos Sublime with Rome 2015 38 Special O A R Jane s Addiction 2016 Journey 2017 Steve Miller Band Barenaked Ladies 2018 Train Blues Traveler 2019 Foreigner Kool amp the Gang 2020 Concert cancelled due to COVID 19 pandemic scheduled to be REO Speedwagon and Styx 2021 No concert scheduled due to COVID 19 pandemic 2022 Kings of Chaos Rick Springfield 2023 Bryan Adams Soul Asylum 2024 George Thorogood and the Destroyers Gin Blossoms Kid QuillLegends Day concerts2014 Jason Aldean 2015 Florida Georgia Line Thomas Rhett Frankie Ballard 2016 Corey Cox Chris Janson Blake Shelton 2017 Keith Urban Dustin Lynch Clayton Anderson 2018 Sam Hunt Canaan Smith Filmore 2019 Zac Brown Band Carly Pearce Clayton Anderson 2020 Concert cancelled due to COVID 19 pandemic scheduled to be Luke Bryan and Morgan WallenBreakout Artist Morgan Wallen To Play at Firestone Legends Day Concert May 23 at IMS 2021 No concert scheduled due to COVID 19 pandemic 2022 Dierks Bentley Ashley McBryde and Dillon Carmichael concert held at TCU Amphitheater at White River State Park 2023 Brad Paisley Russell Dickerson Jackson Dean concert held at TCU Amphitheater at White River State Park July 4 concerts2015 The Rolling Stones Zip Code Tour Rascal FlattsBig Machine 400 concerts2017 The Chainsmokers Major Lazer 2018 Not held weather 2019 Florida Georgia Line 2020 Florida Georgia Line Dustin Lynch Riley GreenDustin Lynch Riley Green Added to Exciting FGL Fest LineupLast Row Party edit nbsp Driver Felipe Giaffone wearing his Last Row Party jacket at the 2005 race A few days before the race the Last Row Party has been held for charity since 1972 It is a scholarship benefit organized by the Indianapolis Press Club Foundation 19 and is usually held the Thursday evening or Friday evening before the race Currently it is held at one of the suites in the Pagoda and previously it was held at the Speedway Motel The event is conducted as a roast and cocktail party for the final three qualifiers in the 500 who will be starting on the eleventh and final row positions 31 32 and 33 Due to the complex qualifying procedure for the race these three drivers are usually but not always the slowest three cars in the field 20 Like Mr Irrelevant often some of these drivers are obscure and several have been race rookies Some are noted for a dramatic last minute qualifying effort to secure a spot in the lineup while others may have survived a Bump day scare or an otherwise tumultuous month of May to hold on to make the field Ten former or eventual race winners have participated in the honor at some time during their career Rutherford Johncock Sneva Cheever Lazier Hunter Reay Kanaan Sato Power Rossi In addition to being on the receiving end of numerous good natured jokes and jabs the three drivers are presented with a special jacket various gifts and checks for 31 32 and 33 respectively The group becomes known as the 11th Row Society an enjoys a buffet dinner aperitif cocktails and hors d oeuvre with attendees Later they may sign autographs and pose for pictures in what is generally a fun and laid back environment The emcee for the event is usually a media figure and past hosts include Bob Jenkins Robin Miller Jack Arute Dave Wilson and Laura Steele The 2015 and 2016 co emcees were Curt Cavin Indianapolis Star and Chris Hagen WXIN Lindy Thackston hosted the event for 2017 and 2018 The 2013 reception was not held but a brief ceremony was held on Carb Day to recognize the honorees 11th Row Society honoreesYear Starting position31st 32nd 33rd1973 nbsp Bob Harkey nbsp Sammy Sessions nbsp Jim McElreath1974 nbsp Bob Harkey nbsp Jan Opperman nbsp Larry Cannon1975 nbsp Mike Hiss nbsp Eldon Rasmussen nbsp Tom Bigelow1976 nbsp David Hobbs nbsp Tom Bigelow nbsp Jan Opperman1977 nbsp John Mahler nbsp Eldon Rasmussen nbsp Bubby Jones1978 nbsp Gary Bettenhausen nbsp Jerry Sneva nbsp Mario Andretti19791 nbsp Spike Gehlhausen nbsp John Mahler nbsp Eldon Rasmussen1980 nbsp Tom Bigelow nbsp Gary Bettenhausen nbsp Tom Sneva19812 nbsp Tom Klausler nbsp Jerry Karl nbsp Mario Andretti1982 nbsp Tom Bigelow nbsp Pete Halsmer nbsp Josele Garza1983 nbsp Steve Krisiloff nbsp Chet Fillip nbsp Dennis Firestone19843 nbsp Johnny Rutherford nbsp George Snider nbsp Dennis Firestone1985 nbsp Derek Daly nbsp Kevin Cogan nbsp Rich Vogler19864 nbsp Gary Bettenhausen nbsp George Snider nbsp Mario Andretti19875 nbsp Ed Pimm nbsp George Snider nbsp Steve Chassey1988 nbsp Ludwig Heimrath nbsp Rich Vogler nbsp Howdy Holmes1989 nbsp Davy Jones nbsp Pancho Carter nbsp Rich Vogler1990 nbsp Bill Vukovich III nbsp John Paul Jr nbsp Rocky Moran1991 nbsp Randy Lewis nbsp Pancho Carter nbsp Gordon Johncock19926 nbsp Tom Sneva nbsp Gordon Johncock nbsp Ted Prappas1993 nbsp Jim Crawford nbsp Didier Theys nbsp Eddie Cheever1994 nbsp Mike Groff nbsp Marco Greco nbsp Scott Goodyear19957 nbsp Scott Sharp nbsp Stefan Johansson nbsp Davy Jones1996 nbsp Joe Gosek nbsp Scott Harrington nbsp Danny Ongais19978 nbsp Alessandro Zampedri nbsp Claude Bourbonnais nbsp Paul Durant1998 nbsp Stephan Gregoire nbsp Mike Groff nbsp Billy Roe1999 nbsp Dr Jack Miller nbsp Robbie Buhl nbsp Raul Boesel2000 nbsp Billy Boat nbsp Lyn St James nbsp Andy Hillenburg2001 nbsp Cory Witherill nbsp Billy Boat nbsp Felipe Giaffone2002 nbsp Greg Ray nbsp George Mack nbsp Mark Dismore2003 nbsp Robby McGehee nbsp Jimmy Kite nbsp Airton Dare2004 nbsp P J Jones nbsp Marty Roth nbsp Robby McGehee2005 nbsp Jeff Ward nbsp Jimmy Kite nbsp Felipe Giaffone2006 nbsp Arie Luyendyk Jr nbsp P J Jones nbsp Thiago Medeiros2007 nbsp Roberto Moreno nbsp Richie Hearn nbsp Phil Giebler2008 nbsp A J Foyt IV nbsp Buddy Lazier nbsp Marty Roth2009 nbsp Nelson Philippe nbsp Ryan Hunter Reay nbsp Alex Tagliani2010 nbsp Takuma Sato nbsp Sebastian Saavedra nbsp Tony Kanaan2011 nbsp Pippa Mann nbsp Ana Beatriz nbsp Ryan Hunter Reay2012 nbsp Bryan Clauson nbsp Simona de Silvestro nbsp Jean Alesi2013 nbsp Conor Daly nbsp Buddy Lazier nbsp Katherine Legge2014 nbsp Sage Karam nbsp Sebastian Saavedra nbsp Buddy Lazier2015 nbsp Ryan Briscoe nbsp Tristan Vautier nbsp James Davison2016 nbsp Jack Hawksworth nbsp Buddy Lazier nbsp Alex Tagliani2017 nbsp Sebastian Saavedra nbsp Zach Veach nbsp James Davison2018 nbsp Jack Harvey nbsp Alexander Rossi nbsp Conor Daly2019 nbsp Sage Karam nbsp James Hinchcliffe nbsp Kyle Kaiser20209 nbsp Sage Karam nbsp J R Hildebrand nbsp Ben Hanley20219 nbsp Sage Karam nbsp Will Power nbsp Simona de Silvestro2022 nbsp Christian Lundgaard nbsp Jack Harvey nbsp Stefan Wilson202310 nbsp Christian Lundgaard nbsp Sting Ray Robb nbsp Jack Harvey1 The 1979 race had 35 starters The party was still held in honor of those drivers on the 11th row despite a 12th row existing for the race 2 Following the Last Row Party in 1981 Tim Richmond purchased the car of George Snider and was moved to 33rd on the grid As the move occurred after the party occurred Richmond was not honored as an 11th row society member while Tom Klausler who moved up to the 10th row remained an honoree 3 Chris Kneifel started in last but was not an honoree Kneifel had initially failed to qualify but was instated into the field after Jacques Villeneuve was forced to withdraw his car after a practice accident 4 A multi car accident on Carb Day caused a significant reshuffle on the qualifying grid Snider was moved behind Andretti and two other drivers started behind the honorees 5 Emerson Fittipaldi started the race last after switching to a back up car due to a practice crash 6 Scott Goodyear started last but was not a Last Row Party honoree Goodyear had failed to qualify but replaced Mike Groff whose car was then moved to the rear of the field 7 Bryan Herta started last the race last after switching to a back up car due to a practice crash 8 Race had 35 starters The party was still held in honor of those drivers on the 11th row despite a 12th row existing for the race 9 Ceremony cancelled due to the COVID 19 pandemic 10 Graham Rahal started the race last after filling in as an injury replacement for Stefan Wilson Rahal was also honored as a fourth member of the 11th Row Society along with the drivers that originally qualified on that row Public drivers meeting and Legends Day edit nbsp 2014 Legends Day honoree Mario Andretti nbsp 2008 drivers meeting nbsp Legends Day in 2012The day before the race a ceremonial drivers meeting is held at the track which is open to the public and is popularly attended This tradition dates back many decades During the meeting the 33 starting drivers are presented with their starter s ring and various awards and trophies are handed out such as trophies from the previous year s race qualifying awards lifetime achievement awards etc The drivers are usually seated on a platform situated in the eleven rows of three and numerous other celebrities and special guests may be honored or give remarks Rules clarifications instructions for the race and other pertinent information is also discussed in the open forum Drivers who can not attend due to scheduling conflicts e g participating in another race will usually have another team member or family member participate on their behalf This drivers meeting is separate from the official drivers meeting organized by race stewards That meeting held the morning of the race is strictly closed to the public and the media Starting in 1998 the days leading up to the race have included ceremonies and activities honoring former drivers In some years each day during the week would have a featured Indy legend and might feature the driver taking ceremonial laps around the track in one of his winning race cars or in a pace car Other years utilized Opening Day as an opportunity to honor Indy legends In addition the day before the race was expanded to include an autograph session featuring the 33 starting drivers former drivers Q amp A sessions car displays a fanfest midway a memorabilia show and other festivities Starting 2011 the events of the day before the race have been officially themed Legends Day and features a designated honoree In addition Legends Day showcases the classic cars of the 500 fans are able to get close looks and take photos of the machines with a number of historic race cars also running laps of the circuit Legends Day honorees 1998 Parade of Champions Parnelli Jones Bobby Unser Gordon Johncock Johnny Rutherford Al Unser Tom Sneva 1999 Legends of the Speedway Rodger Ward A J Watson Johnny Rutherford Jim Rathmann Lloyd Ruby 2000 Legends of the Speedway Joe Leonard Duke Nalon Emerson Fittipaldi Rick Mears Mario Andretti Andy Granatelli 2001 Salute to cars Indy 500 winning cars from 1911 1922 1931 1951 1961 and the 1968 Wedge Turbine 2003 Back to Back Winners Wilbur Shaw Mauri Rose Bill Vukovich Al Unser Helio Castroneves 2006 Andretti Opening Day Mario Michael and Marco celebrating three generations of the Andretti family at Indy 2007 A J Foyt Opening Day Celebrating 50th year of A J Foyt participating at Indianapolis 2008 Unser Opening Day Al Sr Al Jr Robby Johnny and Al III celebrating the Unser family at Indy 21 2011 Legends Day with A J Foyt 2012 Legends Day with Roger Penske 2013 Legends Day with Parnelli Jones 22 2014 Legends Day with Mario Andretti 2015 Legends Day with Al Unser Sr 2016 Legends Day Honoring Champions of the 500 2017 Legends Day Honoring Rookie Winners of the 500 2018 Legends Day Honoring the Roadster Era 23 2019 Legends Day celebrating the 1960s 2020 Cancelled due to COVID 19 pandemic was to celebrate milestone events of 1920 1965 1970 1980 2005 IMS To Celebrate Indy 500 History Heroes Leading into Firestone Legends Day 2021 Not scheduled due to COVID 19 protocols500 Festival Parade edit The 500 Festival 24 is a non profit organization founded in 1957 to organize various civic events in the city of Indianapolis leading up to the race 25 The festival includes more than 50 events and programs celebrating the Indianapolis 500 including its two largest events the OneAmerica 500 Festival Mini Marathon in early May and the 500 Festival Parade the day before the race 26 Other events have included Community Day at the track memorial services luncheons and the annual Snake Pit Ball a black tie socialite gathering downtown The 500 Festival attracts an annual attendance of about 500 000 26 In many years the parade grand marshal has been a celebrity with ties to Indiana or the Indianapolis area particularly Indianapolis area sports figures In many cases the grand marshal of the parade is also honored during pre race festivities on race morning The organizing committee boasts the parade as one of the largest in the nation In 1997 a fire swept through the storage hangar housing the floats for that year s parade threatening to cancel the event Only four floats were spared and Buddy Lazier s 1996 winning car escaped the fire only because the museum had decided to wait a few extra days before delivering it to the float staging area The parade went on as scheduled but in a slightly retooled format 27 28 The grand marshals for the annual parade have been as follows nbsp Navy Adm James A Winnefeld Jr at the 2012 500 Festival Parade nbsp Former President Gerald Ford was the grand marshal in 1979 nbsp Vice president Dan Quayle was the grand marshal in 1990 nbsp The 1955 Crispus Attucks High School State Champion Basketball Team were the grand marshals in 2015 1957 Lt Gen G W Arnold 1958 Shirley MacLaine 1959 1960 Gen David M Shoup Indiana native Medal of Honor recipient 22nd USMC Commandant 1961 Lt Gen Joe W Kelly Indiana native DFC recipient 5th MATS Commander 1962 Gen Herbert B Powell 1963 Lt Gen Charles G Dodge Commanding General 5th U S Army Ft Sheridan Illinois 1964 1965 James Stewart 1966 Walter Cronkite 1967 Lorne Greene Dan Blocker Michael Landon 1968 Ambassadors from Peru Bolivia and Ecuador 1969 Manuel Fraga Iribarne 1970 Edie Adams 1971 George W Romney John Arthur Love Carl Stokes 1972 Phil Harris 1973 James H Kasler 1974 Mickey Mouse 1975 Peter DePaolo winner 1925 Indianapolis 500 driver winner 1935 Indianapolis 500 team owner 1976 Tony Hulman amp Bob Hope 1977 William Hanna amp Joseph Barbera 1978 Roy Clark 1979 Gerald Ford occurred after his presidency 1980 Mike Douglas 1981 Joyce DeWitt grew up in Speedway Indiana graduated from Speedway Senior High School 1982 Merlin Olsen 1983 Joseph P Allen Crawfordsville Indiana native 1984 David Hasselhoff 1985 Mickey Mouse 1986 Jerry L Ross 1987 Mario Vazquez Rana 1988 Jim Davis and Garfield Davis is a native and lifelong resident of Indiana 1989 Gene Autry 1990 Dan Quayle then sitting Vice President of the United States an Indiana native 1991 A J Foyt and Mary Fendrich Hulman Foyt was planning to retire after the 1991 race but recanted and actually retired following the 1992 Indianapolis 500 General Norman Schwarzkopf was designated the grand marshal of the race itself 1992 Mickey amp Minnie 1993 Larry Bird Indiana native 1994 Mario Andretti and Bonnie Blair Andretti was retiring at the end of the 1994 PPG Indy Car World Series and 1994 would be his final Indy 500 1995 A J Foyt Rick Mears Al Unser Sr the three four time Indy 500 winners at the time 1996 Jim Davis amp Garfield 1997 Cam Cameron Bob Davie Joe Tiller at the time the head coaches of the state s three Division I A college football programs 1998 David Wolf Indianapolis native 1999 Medal of Honor Recipients 2000 Jim Nabors 2001 Five Public Safety Agencies of Indianapolis 2002 Jim Caviezel 2003 Wynonna Judd 2004 Jane Pauley Indianapolis native 2005 Reggie Miller who before the parade retired from the NBA following a 18 year career spent entirely with the Indiana Pacers days earlier 2006 Lance Armstrong occurred before his 2012 doping scandal 2007 Peyton Manning won Super Bowl XLI MVP with Indianapolis Colts earlier in the year 2008 Patricia Heaton 2009 Dick Vitale 2010 2009 10 Butler Bulldogs men s basketball team finished runner up in NCAA tournament that season 2011 Anderson Cooper 29 2012 Olivia Newton John 30 2013 Indiana Fever Won WNBA championship in 2012 2014 Josh Kaufman and Jim Nabors celebrating Nabors final 500 performance of Back Home Again in Indiana 2015 Members of 1955 Crispus Attucks High School State Champion basketball team and cheerleaders 31 2016 Emma Stumpf 31 2017 Eva Mozes Kor 31 2018 Abby Abel amp Mitch Bonar celebrating Champions Together Special Olympics Unified Sports 2019 Sam Schmidt 2020 Parade cancelled due to COVID 19 pandemic 2021 Parade not held due to COVID 19 pandemic 2022 August A Ebeling longtime Festival volunteer 2023 Frank ShorterTrack lore edit nbsp A ceremonial golden brick was installed at the start finish line of the track to commemorate the 100th anniversary nbsp Gasoline Alley in 1984 nbsp The new Gasoline Alley opened in 1986 nbsp Gasoline Alley in 2019 The atmosphere at the track during the month of May and on race day has long been a source of traditions The Brickyard edit The nickname of the Indianapolis Motor Speedway is the Brickyard When the track opened in August 1909 the surface was composed of crushed stone and tar This surface quickly was deemed unsuitable and dangerous after multiple accidents In the fall of 1909 the track was paved in brick In just over two months 3 2 million bricks were hand laid on a bed of sand and the gaps were filled with mortar Before the work was completed locals nicknamed the track the Brickyard 32 Beginning in the 1930s portions of the track were paved over in asphalt beginning with the turns By the late 1950s only a portion of the mainstretch remained brick Following the 1961 race the remaining part of the mainstretch was paved over and the entire track was now covered in asphalt One yard of bricks was left exposed at the start finish line The vast majority of the original 3 2 million bricks remain in place several inches beneath multiple layers of asphalt Some bricks have been unearthed from the track over the years namely in the locations where the infield access tunnels have been constructed Subsequent repavings of the track in 1976 1988 1995 and 2004 have preserved the bricks in place underneath However the yard of bricks exposed at the start finish line has been dug up in those instances by milling operations Different bricks ostensibly bricks that were dug up at one point from other parts of the track were cleanly re laid in that place both for safety and aesthetic reasons In 2000 when the new Pagoda and Pagoda Plaza were built the yard of bricks was extended from the track surface across the pit lane and then through to the spectator areas in the new Pagoda Plaza Gasoline Alley edit The garage area at the Indianapolis Motor Speedway is known as Gasoline Alley The nickname dates back to the early decades of the race and for a time referred specifically to one particular spot in the back where cars would refuel Though the exact origin of the name is unclear it may be loosely linked to the eponymous comic strip Later the nickname was used for the main corridor of the garage area and eventually was used colloquially for the entire garage complex The use of gasoline at the Indy 500 was phased out in favor of methanol beginning in 1965 and later ethanol in 2006 but the nickname nonetheless remained Gasoline was not used again at Indy until NASCAR arrived for the Brickyard 400 in 1994 The first garage area consisted of one double sided bank of garages running east west It was in the same general location as the present day complex In the very early years the foreign entries were housed in a second garage complex outside of turn two In 1929 a second row of garages was constructed alongside the first creating the soon to be familiar Gasoline Alley corridor The original garages were known for their signature green and white barn doors and were sometimes visually compared to horse stables as the complex loosely resembled a horse racing paddock One of the fixtures of the garage area in the pre WWII years was Tom Bealle s diner an outdoor restaurant and gathering place popular with drivers mechanics officials and fans Bealle often allowed drivers to run up a tab during the month of May allowing them to pay their bill once they received their prize money at the end of the month Around 1974 1975 since the entry fee was still relatively small Jim Hurtubise was known for entering three cars despite perhaps only having one or two cars in running condition in order to rent three garages He would convert the third garage stall into a bar amp lounge to entertain himself and his team and friends although officials and track management took a dim view of it 33 In later years in order to curtail similar actions entry fees were substantially increased and entrants were required to show proof of the car s existence before their entry was accepted In addition by the 1980s teams began setting up hospitality tents specifically for that purpose and furthermore an abundance of permanent hospitality suites many adjacent to the garage area were later constructed to supplement A fire swept through the garage area on the morning of the 1941 race and burned down a significant portion of the south bank of garages They were replaced and eventually the complex expanded to 88 stalls As the sport grew and the cars and teams became larger and more sophisticated work space was increasingly limited in the garages Amenities were simple corridors were heavily congested and by the 1980s the cars and teams had outgrown the aging facility With car counts swelling in the 1970s and early 1980s to sometimes over 100 entries some smaller teams were left out and forced to work out of tents Even the formidable teams found themselves needing to store some of their equipment tools tires bodywork etc outside the doors or back at their transporters because there simply was not enough room A second fire during a private test session in 1964 caused damage and raised concerns about safety 34 Despite their lack of modern amenities the garages had a nostalgic quaintness admired by participants and fans and they also served important intrinsic purposes for the teams For many years the entry fee for the Indianapolis 500 provided a garage stall to the competitors not just for the month of May but for the entire offseason as well 35 36 It was a valuable asset to some teams especially small budget teams without a race shop and it would serve as their year round headquarters 37 It was not uncommon for teams to even house other types of race cars there sprints midgets stock cars as they competed in the Indiana short track circuits during the summer Even larger more established teams still might use the garage stall for storage or as a staging location for cross country trips to other races Following the 1985 race the original Gasoline Alley garage area was torn down and replaced with a state of the art multimillion dollar garage complex The nickname Gasoline Alley remained when the new complex opened in 1986 In 2000 an additional row of garages was constructed alongside the pit lane on the main stretch in preparations for the U S Grand Prix Although the pitside garages are used during the Brickyard 400 for NASCAR inspection and top Cup Series teams lower teams and the Xfinity Series teams use Gasoline Alley they are specifically not considered part of Gasoline Alley Today in total there are 133 garage stalls With Gasoline Alley utilizing 3 buildings with 32 stalls each and the main straight garages areas with 37 The Snake Pit edit nbsp The Turn 4 infield Snake Pit II seen on pole day in 1988 nbsp New Snake Pit on the left 2018The infield of the track in the vicinity of turn one was known as the Snake Pit 38 39 sometimes Snakepit 40 41 Long known for a reputation of rowdiness heavy alcohol consumption bikers streaking flashing and an overall Woodstock Mardi Gras atmosphere the Snake Pit was a popular location for college age and counterculture fans to spend time at the track many of whom had little or no interest in the actual racing activities Like the infield at the Kentucky Derby the Snake Pit was often considered a rite of spring and an excuse to party with abandon Arrests for public intoxication disorderly conduct fights and drug possession were frequent and common The area that eventually became the Snake Pit took shape very early on prior to World War I In the early decades of the Speedway a railroad line connected Union Station in downtown Indianapolis out to the track and beyond Many fans in the early years and through 1963 arrived at the race by train A train depot was located across the road from the Speedway near the intersection of present day 16th Street and Georgetown Road The spectators disembarked the trains and poured directly into the main entrance strategically placed across from the station at the outside of turn one 42 Fans that did not have grandstand tickets gathered in the general admission infield particularly the turn one infield The area became a popular place for picnicking and race viewing 43 Sometime in the mid late 1950s it started to gain a raucous reputation which intensified in the 1960s It reached its zenith of popularity and intensity of revelry during the decade of the 1970s The nickname Snake Pit was coined sometime in the early mid 1960s and appeared in print at least as early as 1968 41 In periods of rain the area usually became overwhelmed with mud and mud wrestling was commonly observed By the end of the race the area would be littered with cans bottles and inordinate amounts of trash and abandoned belongings Bonfires and burned cars were also noted In 1975 management allowed cars to fully park in the area as an early effort to settle the crowd by reducing available capacity 44 Occasionally the rowdiness was reported as less tumultuous such as 1977 when many infield revelers instead stormed the fountain in front of the Speedway museum to cool off from the hot day 45 In 1980 a fatality occurred in the area after a Jeep flipped over 46 Around that time track management decided to take deliberate steps to curtail the revelry and make the infield more family friendly 47 For the 1981 race bleachers were erected in the turn one infield In addition capital improvements that included the new Gasoline Alley a place for competitors to park motor homes new support buildings new restroom buildings media parking lots and other changes to the site gradually and deliberately scaled back the size of the area As a result by the late 1980s the patrons migrated to the infield of turn four 48 47 and the less intense Snake Pit II emerged By the 1990s the intensity of the rowdiness had dropped substantially 49 due largely to third generation management at the Speedway Tony George 47 and beefed up law enforcement By the end of the 20th century it almost disappeared completely The turn four infield was razed in 1999 to make room for the infield road course The race day party scene migrated again this time to its current location the turn three infield 50 The Snake Pit eventually became more of a festive party zone Later the original turn one location was also razed to make room for road course modifications a section sometimes referred to as the Snake Pit section In 2010 the turn three infield was officially named the New Snake Pit and began to be organized and officially marketed by management 51 52 53 On race day a concert stage is erected and popular music acts and DJ s perform to entertain the infield crowd in a controlled and festive environment While rock music typically headlines the Carb Day concert and country music headlines the Legends Day concert EDM is featured at the Snake Pit In the mid 2010s the revelry in the Snake Pit has somewhat re intensified however not to the levels witnessed in the 1970s and early 1980s However the future of the Snake Pit is in doubt during the 2019 NASCAR weekend the track announced that a two fifths mile 322m dirt oval in that section used during the NASCAR weekend for the Bryan Clauson Classic will become permanent In addition because of the discontinuation of the Indiana State Fairgrounds for motorsport other races may be moved to the Speedway s dirt track Snake Pit concerts race day 2011 Action Jackson Andy amp Annie Skinner Andy D 54 2012 EDI DJ Lockstar Krewella Benny Benassi citation needed 2013 Topher Jones Diplo Afrojack citation needed 2014 DJ Lockstar Matt Dash Dillon Francis NERVO Hardwell citation needed 2015 Sinclair Wheeler Caked Up Milk N Cookies A Trak Steve Aoki Kaskade citation needed 2016 BOAT Big Once and Trentino DJ Mustard Zeds Dead Martin Garrix Skrillex citation needed 2017 the Trap House Action Bronson Adventure Club RL Grime Marshmello Zedd with host Ric Flair citation needed 2018 GRiZ Diplo Deadmau5 Axwell L Ingrosso citation needed 2019 Ricky Retro Chris Lake Illenium Alesso Skrillex citation needed 2020 Concert cancelled due to COVID 19 pandemic scheduled to be Martin Garrix Galantis Rezz Steve Aoki and Yellow Claw 55 2021 Concert cancelled due to COVID 19 pandemic 2022 Martin Garrix deadmau5 Galantis Steve Aoki Yellow Claw with grand marshal Titus O Neil citation needed 2023 Kaskade Subtronics John Summit Valentino Khan Jauz 56 Coke Lot edit Similar to the aforementioned Snake Pit the Coke Lot which is located outside the track is the most noteworthy and popular camping location on the grounds of the Speedway Officially designated as Lot 1C it has been nicknamed the Coke Lot for decades due to the presence of a Coca Cola bottling plant located on an adjacent property The lot is an open field situated just to the northwest of the track outside of turn 4 of the oval off of Georgetown Road Long known for intense revelry and all night partying particularly on the night before the race the Coke Lot is a festive area and party scene for RVs and campers as well as tent campers The lot typically opens a few days before the race and allows fans to stay through the entire race weekend It has been observed by many that the outline of the main parcel of the Coke Lot coincidentally resembles the outline of the state of Indiana While the Coke Lot is the most notorious camping area several other camping lots are also situated around the vicinity of the Speedway some focusing on family friendly environments while others are considered premium lot for high end RV ers In years past another camping area called the North 40 named due to its size of approximately 40 acres was another scene of intense overnight revelry In the 1970s its revelry surpassed that of the Coke Lot Located directly north of the track off of 30th Street in close proximity to the Speedway s golf course and backed up against a neighborhood of homes it is no longer used for camping Currently it is only utilized for daytime car parking and employee parking During its peak security had to begin using giant searchlights to keep North 40 campers from illegally wandering onto the golf course property late into the night Food edit nbsp Pork tenderloin sandwich served at the 2022 Indianapolis 500A traditional food of choice at the Indianapolis Motor Speedway is the pork tenderloin sandwich 57 58 The sandwich is a well known Midwestern creation and is sold at the track concessions Beer largely domestic is consumed in considerable amounts at the track Unlike most sports stadiums and arenas at Indianapolis and most speedways spectators are allowed to bring their own alcoholic beverages into the track for consumption Beer is also sold at concessions Glass bottles however are strictly prohibited at the track Broken glass is considered an extreme hazard to the race cars cut tires on the track Peanuts are considered bad luck An ambiguous long standing superstition against eating peanuts at the racetrack has dominated Indianapolis dating back to at least the 1940s Legend says though unconfirmed that a crashed car was found with peanut shells in the cockpit As of 2009 however peanuts are sold at trackside concessions and the myth has lost a lot of its following citation needed From the mid 1960s until her death in 1975 Mary Catherine Mom Unser mother of Jerry Bobby and Al was a well known fixture at the race She became famous for her spicy chili 59 Each year she would treat the participants to a cookout in the garage area Several local restaurants both current and former have been popular gathering places for participants and fans during the month of May Establishments include St Elmo Steak House Charlie Brown s Pancake and Steak House Mug n Bun and Long s Bakery The aforementioned Tom Bealle s diner was a fixture of the garage area for many years Redevelopment of Speedway s main street has created an area of popular establishments and nightlife including Sarah Fisher s 1911 Grill since closed and A J Foyt s Foyt Wine Vault A White Castle used to stand across the street from the track as did a Steak n Shake but both have since been demolished From the 1930s to the 1960s Mate s White Front Tavern was a popular hangout for drivers and crews Located just a few blocks east of the speedway it was sold to new management in the early 1960s and was kept open until the mid 1980s 60 61 A Taco Bell just east of the Speedway has gained subtle notoriety with fans after IndyCar drivers Scott Dixon and Dario Franchitti were mugged in the parking lot in 2017 62 Superstitions edit nbsp In the pit area at Indianapolis there is no pit stall 13 It is substituted with 12A Numerous superstitions have developed at the Indianapolis 500 over the years Most date back many decades although some have lost a considerable amount of following Among the prevailing superstitions in the modern day include the ongoing Andretti curse and Curse of the Smiths see below Older superstitions that have been popular at Indianapolis include some of the following Number 13 Triskaidekaphobia fear of the use of the Number 13 has prevailed at Indianapolis dating back to the first 500 in 1911 63 In that year the car assigned 13 did not make the race Only one driver carried 13 on their car for the remainder of the 20th century In 1914 George Mason started 13th and finished 23rd From 1926 to 2002 the use of 13 was officially disallowed by the rules 64 Most drivers avoided the use of number 13 however after changes in the rules Greg Ray used the number in 2003 It was only the second time the number 13 had been used over the first 87 editions of the race Subsequently only two other drivers have used 13 E J Viso 2009 and Danica Patrick 2018 Both Viso and Patrick dropped out of the respective races Green cars A long time superstition at Indianapolis has been against painting cars the color green 63 Many drivers and team prefer not to allow the color green on their cars even if just on small decals or pinstriping Apropos to that there have been two green winning cars 1920 and 1965 As mentioned above not only did Patrick use 13 her car also happened to be green Ed Carpenter who owned Patrick s 13 car drove a green car in the 2017 running with sponsorship from Fuzzy s Vodka Peanuts Peanuts are considered bad luck see Food above An ambiguous long standing superstition against eating peanuts at the race track has dominated Indianapolis dating back to at least the 1940s 63 Miscellany Numerous other and sometimes ambiguous superstitions have been promulgated by a myriad of drivers However many have lost much if not all of their following Some included not allowing women and children near the cars entering and exiting the cockpit on a particular side not allowing photographs prior to going out on the track and carrying good luck charms Curse of the Smiths edit nbsp Mark Smith failed to qualify Among the nearly 800 drivers who have participated in the Indy 500 none have had the last name Smith the most common surname in the United States Several Smiths have attempted to make the race the last being Mark Smith who failed to qualify in 1993 and 1994 65 despite finishing 5th at the Michigan Superspeedway in a 1994 CART race By contrast there have been ten different drivers with the last name Jones and five with the last name Johnson Only two drivers with the surname Smith have ever competed in professional races at the Indianapolis Motor Speedway albeit in different events Regan Smith drove in the Brickyard 400 from 2008 to 2013 with a best finish of 3rd in 2011 He also has competed in the Lilly Diabetes 250 Motorcyclist Bradley Smith competed in the Red Bull Indianapolis GP with best finish of second in 2009 One driver with a German language translation of Smith has participated however with Sam Schmidt making three starts Rabbits edit A longstanding legend at the Indianapolis Motor Speedway involves bunny rabbits 66 From 1911 to 1993 there was traditionally only one race held annually at the Speedway Activity outside the month of May was limited to semioccasional tire testing Thus for eleven months out of the year the grounds were noticeably quiet green and lush particularly after nine holes of a golf course were built in the spacious infield in 1929 The well manicured grounds naturally became a home for fauna particularly rabbits and other small vermin As the race participants would arrive in the spring they would often be greeted by numerous rabbits roaming the grounds oftentimes running out on the track The rabbits were thought to be welcome and some considered them symbols of good luck However they were sometimes a nuisance causing yellows for running out on the track and evading capture Al Unser Sr famously ran over a rabbit during the 1988 race 67 The well known presence of rabbits at the Speedway even began a tradition that a rabbit would appear somewhere in the race program each year Pre race ceremonies edit nbsp Purdue University Band World s Largest Drum at the 2011 Indianapolis 500 nbsp 500 Festival Queen and Princesses caravan at the 2011 Indianapolis 500 nbsp Johnny Rutherford during the former winners parade at the 2016 Indianapolis 500 nbsp Military Appreciation Lap at the 2015 Indianapolis 500 At 6 a m and in some years as early as 5 a m an aerial bomb is set off to signal the opening of the gates At 8 a m the Parade of Bands marches a lap around the racing circuit Numerous marching bands from nearby and neighboring high schools and universities entertain the early arriving fans This tradition dates back to 1922 and celebrated its 90th anniversary in 2015 68 Most of the bands in attendance also participate in the 500 Festival Parade downtown the day before Traditional participants include the Purdue All American Marching Band along with the World s Largest Drum which is driven around the track and Speedway High School Due to rain showers the morning of the race in 2007 the bands instead paraded around the infield including parts of the infield road course as track crews were working to dry the track with trucks and jet dryers The Purdue University All American Marching Band plays several pre race songs including On the Banks of the Wabash and Stars and Stripes Forever The former played as the teams begin wheeling their cars to the starting grid The band is believed to have first appeared at the race in 1919 In the 1960s to the 1990s early arriving spectators would be entertained by Big band music Songs by well known Hoosier band leader George Freije and the Freije All Star Band were played over the public address system from roughly 6 a m to 8 a m 69 In 1991 and in most years since about 2002 a special military appreciation lap has been held Military personnel who have recently returned from active service overseas are honored in a parade around the track In 1991 hundred of troops who had returned from Operation Desert Storm marched around the course on race morning In the 2000s troops namely from Iraq and Afghanistan have been paraded around in trucks and saluted by fans About an hour or two before the race there is a parade around the track typically in convertible festival cars of the 500 Festival Queen and her court of 500 Festival Princesses Likewise a similar parade of former race winners celebrities in attendance and other VIPs is conducted In many years a ceremonial lap of vintage race cars and or vintage pace cars is conducted In some cases the original drivers or surviving relatives are behind the wheel Starting in 2016 a new tradition was introduced the march to the bricks The Borg Warner Trophy is paraded through the infield to the start finish line Finally driver introductions take place They are usually in reverse starting order with the front row being introduced last This is followed by the drivers being paraded around the track similar to the Festival Queen her court and other VIPs The pre race ceremonies usually go in the following order Invocation Taps America the Beautiful and God Bless America The Star Spangled Banner accompanied by flyover Back Home Again in Indiana accompanied by a balloon release Starting commandGrand marshal edit In some years a grand marshal has been named for the race The duties of the grand marshal may include greeting drivers and dignitaries during pre race ceremonies and riding in the pace car This person may or may not be the same grand marshal at the 500 Festival Parade Unlike other races the grand marshal does not give the starting command In recent years the grand marshal has been responsible for delivering the Drivers to your cars message 1991 Norman Schwarzkopf 2015 Nastia Liukin 2016 Florence Henderson her final appearance 2018 Nick Goepper 2019 Matt Iseman amp Akbar Gbaja Biamila 2021 Dude Perfect 2022 Blake Shelton 2023 Stephanie BeatrizNational anthem edit The Star Spangled Banner has been performed before the start of the Indy 500 in most years Up through the 1970s and early 1980s the song was typically played by the Purdue All American Marching Band without a vocalist However in some rare occasions a vocalist was used In 1976 Tom Sullivan and Up with People were invited to sing as a gesture to the U S Bicentennial By the mid 1980s the Speedway began inviting notable artists to perform the national anthem In nearly all cases they would be backed by the Purdue Band In 1983 James A Hubert flubbed the lyrics 70 He omitted the line O er the ramparts we watched were so gallantly streaming and instead repeated the second line What so proudly we hailed at the twilight s last gleaming stumbling on the word twilight the second time around After the national anthem is performed the public address announcer or the grand marshal gives the command Drivers to your cars In 2001 Steven Tyler of Aerosmith caused a controversy 71 after he changed the lyrics of the song Recent performers include nbsp David Hasselhoff nbsp Sandi Patty nbsp Steven Tyler1960 Purdue Band 72 1961 Purdue Band 73 1962 Purdue Band 74 1963 Purdue Band 75 1964 Purdue Band 76 1965 Purdue Band 1966 Purdue Band 1967 Purdue Band 1968 Purdue Band 77 1969 Purdue Band 1970 Al Hirt trumpet solo 1971 Purdue Band 1972 Purdue Band 1973 Purdue Band 1974 Purdue Band 69 1975 Purdue Band 1976 Tom Sullivan and Up with People 1977 Purdue Band 1978 Purdue Band 1979 Purdue Band 1980 Purdue Band 1981 Purdue Band 78 1982 Louis Sudler 1983 James A Hubert 1984 Robert McFarland 79 1985 Robert McFarland 1986 David Hasselhoff 1987 Sandi Patty 1988 Sandi Patty 1989 Tom Hudnut brother of Indianapolis mayor Bill Hudnut 1990 Sandi Patty 1991 Sandi Patty 1992 Sandi Patty and the Voices of Liberty 1993 Florence Henderson 1994 Florence Henderson 1995 Florence Henderson 1996 Florence Henderson 1997 Florence Henderson 1998 Elizabeth Burch 1999 CeCe Winans 2000 Jessica Andrews 2001 Steven Tyler 2002 Josephine Holmon West Point cadet 2003 Daniel Rodriguez 2004 Jessica Simpson 2005 Members of U S Armed Forces SrA Edward Justin Allen United States Air Force SSG Mark Roberts United States Army SSG Remayl Shaffer Hardy United States Marine Corps Petty Officer Sharalee Wirt United States Navy 2006 Members of U S Armed Forces SSgt Edward Justin Allen United States Air Force SGT Jennifer Castle Army National Guard MU1 Lisa Taylor United States Coast Guard GySgt Remayl Shaffer Hardy United States Marine Corps Petty Officer MU3 Landon Crissup United States Navy 2007 Members of U S Armed Forces SMSgt Angela Burns United States Air Force Petty Officer Lisa Williamson United States Coast Guard SSG Colin Eaton United States Army Petty Officer J David Sigmon United States Navy SGT Terri Kopetzki United States Marine Corps 2008 Julianne Hough 2009 Major Lisa Kopczynski Indiana National Guard 2010 Jewel 2011 Seal and Kelly Clarkson accompanied by David Foster on piano 2012 Martina McBride 2013 Sandi Patty 2014 LeAnn Rimes 2015 Jordin Sparks 80 2016 Darius Rucker 2017 Bebe Rexha 81 2018 Kelly Clarkson 82 2019 Kelly Clarkson 2020 Dr Elvis Francois amp Dr William Robinson the Singing Surgeons 83 2021 Jimmie Allen 2022 Jordan Fisher 2023 JewelOther songs edit In most years since 1991 the songs America the Beautiful and or God Bless America have been performed Florence Henderson a native Hoosier was a friend of the Hulman George family that owned the Speedway at the time Henderson performed one of the two songs numerous times book ending years when she performed the national anthem instead Her performances were usually not televised The performance of America the Beautiful was introduced for the race s 75th anniversary running in 1991 in part due to Operation Desert Storm Henderson switched to the national anthem for 1993 1997 then resumed America the Beautiful in 1999 In 2003 her performance was switched to God Bless America which became more popular in the post 9 11 era She continued through 2015 then served as grand marshal for her final race in 2016 Henderson died six months after the 2016 race Henderson routinely sang the entire song including the prologue and in some years sang the chorus a second time By 2009 America the Beautiful was re added to the ceremonies with a different artist each year except 2016 and 2020 In 1999 Lee Greenwood did a special performance of God Bless the USA and in 2003 Darryl Worley performed Have You Forgotten In 2005 3 Doors Down did a special performance of Kryptonite from the Pagoda as part of the driver introductions America the Beautiful edit nbsp Florence Henderson1991 Florence Henderson 1992 Florence Henderson 1993 1998 none 1999 Florence Henderson 2000 Florence Henderson 2001 Florence Henderson 2002 Florence Henderson 2003 2008 none 2009 Miss America 2009 Katie Stam 2010 Major Lisa Kopczynski Indiana National Guard 2011 Miss America 2011 Teresa Scanlan 2012 Specialist Ron Walker 2013 Lindsey Kraner Kraner to sing at Indy 500 event 2014 Martina McBride 2015 Danielle Bradbery 2016 none 2017 101st Airborne Division Air Assault Band vocalist Rick Walburn 2018 Indiana National Guard Trio 2019 Indiana National Guard Trio 2020 none 2021 Indiana National Guard Trio 2022 Girl Named Tom 2023 Indiana National Guard Trio God Bless America edit 2003 Florence Henderson 2004 Florence Henderson 2005 Florence Henderson 2006 Florence Henderson 2007 Florence Henderson 2008 Florence Henderson 2009 Florence Henderson 2010 Florence Henderson 2011 Florence Henderson 2012 Florence Henderson 2013 Jon McLaughlin 2014 Florence Henderson 2015 Florence Henderson 2016 Indianapolis Children s Choir 2017 Angela Brown 2018 Jon McLaughlin 2019 Chevel Shepherd 2020 Dr Elvis Francois amp Dr William Robinson NBC Special Back Home Again on May 24 2021 Generald Wilson 2022 none 2023 Angela Brown God Bless The USA edit 1999 Lee Greenwood 2019 Lee GreenwoodInvocation edit Starting in 1974 the Indy 500 was moved to the Sunday of Memorial Day weekend As a gesture the Speedway added an invocation to the pre race ceremonies In most years since 1980 the Speedway has invited a representative of the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Indianapolis In selected years others have been invited including nationally famous clergymen Oral Roberts 84 and Billy Graham 85 The Most Reverend Archbishop Edward T O Meara participated several times until his death in early 1992 Archbishop Daniel M Buechlein then took over as the traditional clergy starting in 1993 Buechlein customarily ended his invocation with the word Godspeed in the languages of all of the participating drivers Buechlein s final year at the race was 2009 and he died in 2018 after a lengthy illness 1974 Rev Ray Montgomery 69 1975 Rev Ray Montgomery 1976 Rev Ray Montgomery 1977 Oral Roberts 1978 Rev James Bonke 86 1979 Rev James Bonke 1980 Archbishop Edward T O Meara 1981 Archbishop Edward T O Meara 78 1982 Rev James Bonke 1983 Archbishop Edward T O Meara 1984 Archbishop Edward T O Meara 1985 Archbishop Edward T O Meara 1986 Archbishop Edward T O Meara 1987 Archbishop Edward T O Meara 1988 Archbishop Edward T O Meara 1989 Archbishop Edward T O Meara 1990 Archbishop Edward T O Meara 1991 Archbishop Edward T O Meara 1992 Father Michael Welch 1993 Archbishop Daniel M Buechlein 1994 Archbishop Daniel M Buechlein 1995 Archbishop Daniel M Buechlein 1996 Archbishop Daniel M Buechlein 1997 Vicar general Joseph F Schaedel 1998 Archbishop Daniel M Buechlein 1999 Billy Graham 2000 Archbishop Daniel M Buechlein 2001 Archbishop Daniel M Buechlein 2002 Archbishop Daniel M Buechlein 2003 Archbishop Daniel M Buechlein 2004 Monsignor Joseph F Schaedel 2005 Archbishop Daniel M Buechlein 2006 Archbishop Daniel M Buechlein 2007 Archbishop Daniel M Buechlein 2008 Archbishop Daniel M Buechlein 2009 Archbishop Daniel M Buechlein 2010 Monsignor Joseph F Schaedel 2011 Auxiliary bishop Christopher J Coyne 2012 Auxiliary bishop Christopher J Coyne 2013 Archbishop Joseph William Tobin 2014 Auxiliary bishop Christopher J Coyne 2015 Archbishop Joseph William Tobin 2016 Archbishop Joseph William Tobin 2017 Father Michael Welch 2018 Archbishop Charles C Thompson 2019 Archbishop Charles C Thompson 2020 Archbishop Charles C Thompson 2021 Archbishop Charles C Thompson Taps edit In remembrance of Memorial Day Taps is played and a U S military aircraft does a flyover In some years multiple aircraft participate executing the missing man formation Traditionally a member of the public address announcing team recited a preamble honoring those who have died in combat and those who have perished in automobile racing The preamble dated back to at least 1965 Jim Philippe recited the preamble until he died in 2003 Since then it has been reprised three times Dave Calabro 2006 Jerry Baker 2012 and Bob Jenkins 2019 Since 2000 a notable military or government official has also offered a tribute or remarks The traditional preamble goes as follows On this Memorial Day weekend we pause in a moment of silence to pay homage to those individuals who have given their lives unselfishly and unafraid so that we may witness as free men and women the world s greatest sporting event We also pay homage to those individuals who have given their lives unselfishly and without fear to make racing the world s most spectacular spectator sport In the 1960s and 1970s Taps was typically performed by a combined U S Armed Forces color guard Then from the about 1980 through 2005 it was usually played by the full Purdue Band In 1986 and 1997 due to rain delays the Purdue Band was unable to stay for the pre race ceremonies In those years a substitute performer s was used Since 2006 Taps has been rendered as a trumpet solo In 2016 the trumpeter moved from the trackside victory podium near the pits to the starter s stand outside the main stretch Since 2006 Taps has been rendered by a trumpeter from the 38th Division Indiana Army National Guard Band Rendering of Taps 1960 U S Armed Forces color guard 72 1961 U S Armed Forces color guard 87 1962 U S Armed Forces color guard 74 1963 U S Armed Forces color guard 75 1964 U S Armed Forces color guard 76 1965 U S Armed Forces color guard 1966 U S Armed Forces color guard 1967 U S Armed Forces color guard 1968 U S Armed Forces color guard 77 1969 U S Armed Forces color guard 1970 U S Armed Forces color guard 1971 U S Armed Forces color guard 1972 U S Armed Forces color guard 1973 U S Armed Forces color guard 1974 U S Armed Forces color guard 69 1975 U S Armed Forces color guard 1976 U S Armed Forces color guard 1977 U S Armed Forces color guard 1978 U S Armed Forces color guard 1979 1980 Purdue Brass Quartet 1981 1982 1983 Purdue Band 1984 Purdue Band 1985 Combined U S Armed Forces color guard 1986 Ron Blomberg amp Robert A Nixon 74th Army Band of Fort Benjamin Harrison 1987 Purdue Band 1988 Purdue Band 1989 Purdue Band 1990 Purdue Band 1991 Purdue Band 1992 Purdue Band 1993 Purdue Band 1994 Purdue Band 1995 Purdue Band 1996 Purdue Band 1997 Larry Wiseman 1998 Purdue Band 1999 Purdue Band 2000 Purdue Band 2001 Purdue Band 2002 Purdue Band 2003 Purdue Band 2004 Purdue Band 2005 Purdue Band 2006 2008 SGT Byron Bartosh 38th Infantry Division Indiana Army National Guard Band 2009 2010 SGT Joseph Young 38th Infantry Division Indiana Army National Guard Band 2011 2021 SFC Ron Duncan 38th Infantry Division Indiana Army National Guard Band 88 2022 SGT Trevor Ewigleben 38th Infantry Division Indiana Army National Guard Band Remarks nbsp Colin Powell2000 U S Secretary of Defense William Cohen 2001 General James L Jones 2003 General Jack Keane 2004 General William J Begert 2005 General Colin Powell former United States Secretary of State 2006 General Colin Powell former United States Secretary of State 2007 General Norman Schwarzkopf Jr 2008 General Victor E Renuart Jr 2009 General Craig R McKinley followed by a 3 volley salute 2010 Rear admiral John W Miller followed by a 3 volley salute 2011 General Peter W Chiarelli followed by a 3 volley salute 2012 Admiral James A Winnefeld Jr followed by a 3 volley salute 2013 Colonel Jack H Jacobs followed by a 3 volley salute 2014 General Frank J Grass followed by a 3 volley salute 2015 General Dennis L Via followed by a 3 volley salute 2016 Lieutenant General Joseph Anderson followed by a 3 volley salute and tribute to Pearl Harbor Survivors 2017 General Robert B Abrams followed by a 3 volley salute 2018 General Joseph L Lengyel followed by a 3 volley salute 2019 General Michael X Garrett 2021 Lieutenant General David A Krumm followed by a 3 volley saluteFly bys edit nbsp Stealth Bomber flyover at the 2005 Indianapolis 5001991 Four A 10s 1992 The Black Aces 1994 Four P 51 Mustangs led by Chuck Yeager 1995 B 17 Flying Fortress led by Chuck Yeager 1996 Four F A 18 Hornets Marine Aircraft Group 31 1997 Stealth Bomber 1999 Stealth Bomber amp four F 14 Tomcats 2000 Two AV 8B Harrier IIs 2001 Four F 16s The Racers 181st Fighter Wing Indiana Air National Guard 2002 Stealth Bomber Spirit of Washington 509th Bomb Wing Whiteman Air Force Base 2003 Stealth Bomber Spirit of Indiana 509th Bomb Wing Whiteman Air Force Base 2004 Four F 16s The Black Snakes 122d Fighter Wing Air National Guard 2005 Stealth Bomber 2006 Historic Aircraft amp four F 16s 2007 Four F 22 Raptors Langley AFB 2008 Two F 16 Vipers amp two F A 18 Hornets Naval Strike and Air Warfare Center 2009 Two World War II B 25 Mitchell bombers 2010 Four F A 18 Hornets Naval Strike and Air Warfare Center 2011 Pre race B 2 Spirit stealth bomber Spirit of Nebraska 509th Bomb Wing Whiteman Air Force Base Post race Four F A 18E Super Hornets 2012 A 10 Thunderbolt Warthog F 16 Fighting Falcon two P 51 Mustangs 2013 One World War II North American B 25 Mitchell Axis Nightmare Tri State Warbird Museum and five North American T 6 Texan trainer aircraft 89 2014 Black Diamond Jet Team 2015 Two A 10s 2016 Douglas SBD 5 Dauntless and a P 51 Mustang both aircraft are from the Commemorative Air Force Also two F A 18E Super Hornets from VFA 81 and two EA 18G Growlers from VAQ 139 2017 B 52 Bomber 69th Bomb Squadron 2018 Stealth Bomber 2019 Four helicopters followed by USAF Heritage Flight F 16 Fighting Falcon A 10 Thunderbolt II P 51 Mustang P 40 Warhawk 2020 United States Air Force Thunderbirds 2021 United States Air Force F 16 fighter jets from the 187th Fighter Wing assigned to Dannelly Field Alabama Back Home Again in Indiana edit nbsp Jim Nabors at the 2000 Indianapolis 500The most traditional performance is the singing of the chorus of Back Home Again in Indiana 90 This tradition has accompanied the race since 1946 Jim Nabors accompanied by the Purdue Marching Band notably performed the song in most years from 1972 to 2014 The song has long been the last event in the order of the day immediately preceding the command to start engines During the song thousands of multicolored balloons are released from an infield tent The balloon release dates back to 1947 and has coincided with the song since about 1950 The song which was first published in 1917 is reported to have been first played at the race in 1919 A track side brass band played the song as Indiana born Howdy Wilcox was finishing the final laps to victory 91 In 1955 Dinah Shore became the only woman to perform this song during the race 92 In 1986 the race was rained out on Sunday and Monday and subsequently postponed until the following Saturday Robert McFarland of the Metropolitan Opera who had performed the national anthem in two previous years 79 was scheduled to sing the song However due to the rain delay he was unable to return 93 94 John S Davies the Artist in residence of the Indianapolis Opera was brought in as a replacement 95 96 In 1997 the race was rained out on Sunday and the start was rescheduled for Monday Nabors as well as the Purdue band had left the grounds by Monday morning Rather than find a last minute replacement Nabors suggested that the Speedway utilize a recording of one of his previous performances The Speedway replayed his 1993 rendition and it was well received by the fans Two days before the 2007 race Nabors canceled his appearance due to an illness On race morning Nabors recorded a special video greeting to the fans from his Hawaii home which was streamed over the Internet Fans were invited to sing along with the Purdue band 6 and a get well soon message was displayed for Nabors In 2008 Nabors made a well received return and received a standing ovation at the public driver meeting Nabors again missed the race in 2012 due to an illness This time the Speedway sent a film crew to his home in Hawaii and recorded a performance on video that was played on the video boards on race morning In March 2014 Nabors announced that the 2014 race would be his final performance 97 In 2017 Jim Cornelison was invited to sing and his performance was critically praised He has repeated his performance every year since then 98 1946 James Melton 1947 James Melton 1948 James Melton 1949 Frank Parish 1950 James Melton 1951 Frank Parish 1952 Morton Downey Sr 1953 Morton Downey Sr 1954 James Melton 1955 Dinah Shore 1956 Brian Sullivan 1957 Jerome Hines amp Purdue Band 99 1958 Brian Sullivan 1959 Purdue University Glee Club 1960 Dennis Morgan 72 1961 Mel Torme 87 1962 C David Cochard Purdue Varsity Glee Club 74 1963 Brian Sullivan 1964 Vic Damone 1965 Johnny Desmond 1966 Ed Ames music and stage actor 1967 Russell J Wunderlich Purdue Varsity Glee Club 1968 Richard O Plothow Purdue Varsity Glee Club 1969 Mack H Shultz Purdue Varsity Glee Club 1970 Saverio Saridis 1971 Peter DePaolo 1972 Jim Nabors 1973 Jim Nabors 1974 Jim Nabors 69 1975 Jim Nabors 1976 Jim Nabors 1977 Jim Nabors 1978 Jim Nabors 1979 Peter Marshall 1980 Dr Richard Smith Purdue Varsity Glee Club 1981 Phil Harris 78 1982 Louis Sudler Chicago Civic Opera 1983 Jim Nabors 1984 Jim Nabors 1985 Walt Disney World Voices of Liberty conducted by Mickey Mouse 1986 John S Davies amp the 74th Army Band of Fort Benjamin Harrison 1987 Jim Nabors 1988 Jim Nabors 1989 Jim Nabors 1990 Jim Nabors 1991 Jim Nabors 1992 Jim Nabors 1993 Jim Nabors 1994 Jim Nabors 1995 Jim Nabors 1996 Jim Nabors 1997 Jim Nabors via recording 1998 Jim Nabors 1999 Jim Nabors 2000 Jim Nabors 2001 Jim Nabors 2002 Jim Nabors 2003 Jim Nabors 2004 Jim Nabors 2005 Jim Nabors 2006 Jim Nabors 2007 300 000 race fans and Purdue Band 2008 Jim Nabors 2009 Jim Nabors 2010 Jim Nabors 2011 Jim Nabors 2012 Jim Nabors via videotape from Hawaii 2013 Jim Nabors 2014 Jim Nabors his final performance 2015 Straight No Chaser 2016 Josh Kaufman 100 amp Indianapolis Children s Choir 2017 Jim Cornelison 101 2018 Jim Cornelison 98 2019 Jim Cornelison 2020 Jim Cornelison 2021 Jim Cornelison 2022 Jim Cornelison 2023 Jim Cornelison Starting command edit The call for the engines to start has been traditionally made by stating Gentlemen start your engines When female drivers have competed the call has been amended to Lady and gentlemen or Ladies and gentlemen start your engines In 2017 2018 and 2020 the command was recited as Drivers start your engines In 2019 it returned to Lady and gentlemen The starting command is customarily recited by a ranking member of the Indianapolis Motor Speedway board of directors who also is a member of the Hulman George family Unlike other races the starting command was not recited by the grand marshal The exact origin of the phrase is unclear and there have been several conflicting accounts of who was the first to recite it and what the exact wording of it was 102 Prior to World War II it was commonplace for an aerial bomb to signal the start of the engines 102 Seth Kline was the official starter of the 500 in 1925 1926 amp 1934 1953 Kline is thought to have made an informal Gentlemen start your motors command as early as 1948 to accompany the bomb 102 The first documented case was in 1950 and that was recited by prolific public address announcer John Francis Irish Horan 102 103 Kline was again reported as saying it in 1951 104 though some report it was Horan 103 Either Kline 102 or Horan said it again in 1952 103 It was around that time the command was changed from motors to engines The participants and officials alike preferred the more technical term engines to describe their machines Sid Collins stated that chief steward Harlan Fengler explained to him there are no motors in the race just engines 104 Wilbur Shaw president of the Speedway in 1946 1954 was once believed to be the person who coined the phrase and it was erroneously claimed in his autobiography that he recited it in all the post World War II years until his death 105 Speedway historian Donald Davidson however believes Shaw only recited it twice in 1953 and 1954 After Shaw s death Tony Hulman started reciting the command and made it popular and famous The normally soft spoken and shy Hulman had a proud and vociferous version of the command annually Hulman would rehearse the line perfecting it for show and was even known to work with radio broadcaster Luke Walton to draft cue cards to know when to stress certain words and syllables After Hulman s death in 1977 his widow Mary F Hulman took over the honor followed by their daughter Mari George In 1977 Janet Guthrie became the first female driver to qualify for the Indy 500 Controversy surrounded the command because the Speedway management did not want to alter the traditional phrase 106 During the week before the race the management announced that they would not change the wording of the command Looking for an excuse they insisted that the cars were actually started by male crew members with an electric hand held starter from behind the car Guthrie and her crew were quite displeased by the stubbornness of the Speedway management considering her unprecedented accomplishment The crew reacted by assigning Kay Bignotti 106 wife of George Bignotti as the crew member to operate the inertial starter at the back of Guthrie s car The Speedway s argument fell apart and they decided upon a special amended command for that year They did not announce beforehand what the special command would be 106 and Hulman s highly anticipated phrase was the following In company with the first lady ever to qualify at Indianapolis gentlemen start your engines In 1978 1979 when Guthrie again qualified for the race the command was simply amended to Lady and gentlemen start your engines In 1992 Lyn St James became the second female to qualify for the race She publicly requested albeit not contentiously that the command be changed to Drivers start your engines 107 The request was dismissed and the command used was the now customary Lady and gentlemen variation That variation along with Ladies and gentlemen were used many times over the next two decades In 2017 Pippa Mann was the lone female driver in the field and Tony George gave the command as Drivers start your engines This was the first time that this variation of the command was used for the race For many years the traditional location for giving the command was at the pace car in the front of the starting grid Public address announcer Jim Philippe normally introduced the command describing it as the traditional command or the famous four words Phillippe s final 500 was 2003 Likewise for many years through 1989 Luke Walton traditionally introduced the command on the radio network broadcast Since 2004 current public address announcer Dave Calabro introduces the command normally by calling it the most famous words in motorsports In most cases Tony Hulman would give the command then ride in the pace car during the pace laps Mary F Hulman would give the command near the pace car but rarely rode in the pace car due to her age and declining health Eventually the location was moved to near the start finish line and in 2001 it was moved to the new Victory Podium stage adjacent to the Pagoda In 2011 only Mari George moved back to the front of the starting grid to give the command and then she rode in the pace car with A J Foyt In 2014 as a special gesture to Jim Nabors s final performance at Indy the starting command was given in unison by both Mari George and Nabors marking the first time a non member of the Hulman George family had given the command for the 500 since 1954 In 2016 for the 100th Indianapolis 500 now matriarch Mari was joined by three subsequent generations of the Hulman George family who gave the command together Due to her advanced age the 2016 race would be Mari s final turn giving the command Later that same year Tony George gave the starting command for the Brickyard 400 his first time giving a command since a restart command in 1986 For the 2017 Indianapolis 500 the duty was permanently assigned to Tony George In that year Tony George began using the phrase Drivers start your engines instead of the more familiar Lady and gentlemen variation However for the 2019 race George recited that latter variation Roger Penske who purchased the Speedway from the Hulman George family in November 2019 gave the starting command for the 2020 Indianapolis 500 108 Years Starting command Notes1948 1952 Seth Klein or John Francis Irish Horan unconfirmed 1953 1954 Wilbur Shaw 1955 1977 Tony Hulman Restart commands by Tony Hulman in 1967 19731978 1980 Mary F Hulman 1981 Mari Hulman George 1982 1996 Mary F Hulman Restart command by Tom Carnegie in 1982Restart command by Tony George in 19861997 2013 Mari Hulman George Restart command by Mari Hulman George in 1997Restart command by Tom Carnegie in 20042014 Mari Hulman George amp Jim Nabors 2015 Mari Hulman George 2016 Four generations of the Hulman George family 109 including Mari George and Tony George 2017 2019 Tony George 2020 2022 Roger Penske On occasions when an accident or rain has halted the race a second command has typically been given Years include 1967 1973 1982 1986 1997 2004 2007 The amended command gentlemen re start your engines has usually been used In 1986 this restart command was given by Tony George In 1997 it was given by Mari Hulman George In 1982 and 2004 the command was given by public address announcer Tom Carnegie In 1981 Mary F Hulman was unable to recite the starting command due to an illness In that year Mari George recited her first time performing the honor 110 Over the years the starting command has been adopted to start all sorts of auto racing in the United States including but not limited to NASCAR However in many venues outside of Indy the phrase Drivers start your engines appears to be the preferred version Honorary starter edit nbsp Reggie Miller in the starter s stand in 2005A recently added tradition is the use of an honorary starter A special guest has been invited in recent years to wave the green flag to start the race Starting in 2013 the tradition was expanded where another celebrity or special guest s arrives on race morning by helicopter to ceremoniously deliver the green flag or the checkered flag The official starter or flagman however is a trained race official and handles the remainder of the flagging duties during the race In 2010 due to two early caution periods honorary starter Jack Nicholson elected to stay in the starter s perch for an additional few minutes and was able to drop the green for the two subsequent restarts as well 1993 Nick Fornoro retired CART starter retired at the end of the 1992 CART season 1996 Robert James Eaton Chairman and CEO of Chrysler Corporation 1997 General Ronald Fogleman Chief of Staff of the United States Air Force 1998 Mark Page Sr VP of Store Operations for Pep Boys IndyCar Series sponsor 1999 Jim Postl President and CEO of Pennzoil 2000 Howard Katz President of ABC Sports 2004 Nick Lachey 2005 Reggie Miller 2006 Sugar Ray Leonard 2007 Peyton Manning 2008 Kristi Yamaguchi 2009 Allen Sirkin COO of Phillips Van Heusen IndyCar Series Sponsor 2010 Jack Nicholson 2011 Bruce P Crandall 111 Medal of Honor recipient 2012 Indiana Governor Mitch Daniels 2013 Michael Pena promoting the film Turbo Green flag delivered by Chuck Pagano and Riley Hospital patient Willie Avila 112 2014 Mark Cuban Green flag delivered by Andrew Luck and Riley Hospital patients MaKenzi Rooksberry and Johliel Austin 113 2015 Patrick Dempsey Green flag delivered by Paul George Pat McAfee and Riley Hospital patient Tori Gwyn 114 2016 Chris Pine Green flag delivered by workers from IU Health University Hospital 2017 Jake Gyllenhaal amp Jeff Bauman 115 Green flag delivered by Nathan Kress and workers from IU Health University Hospital Checkered flags delivery by the 101st Airborne Division Screaming Eagles 2018 Chris Hemsworth Green flag delivered by deadmau5 after being transported by Governor Eric Holcomb via non stop flight from Paris 116 2019 Christian Bale amp Matt Damon Green flag delivered by EMS first responder and former Riley Hospital patient Trey Edens 2020 Dan Towriss CEO of Gainbridge 117 2021 Milo Ventimiglia Green flag delivered by workers from IU Health University Hospital 118 2023 Adam DriverCelebrity guests edit Since the early years of the race celebrities from all walks of fame have been invited to the race some have returned for many years or even decades Television and movie stars recording artists sports figures politicians and military are among the many dignitaries invited 119 During the pre race a parade of stars is conducted around the track usually in convertibles In numerous years celebrities have been invited to drive the pace car at the start of the race nbsp Linda Vaughn at the 1997 Indianapolis 500Clark Gable is seen in a famous photograph of the 1947 race Among the many celebrities who attended or have attended multiple Indy 500s include Jim Nabors James Garner who drove the pace car in 1975 1977 and 1985 David Letterman Tim Allen Florence Henderson Linda Vaughn and many others Paul Newman who starred in the Indy related film Winning attended the race many times and in 1983 1995 and then again in 2008 was at the race as co owner of Newman Haas Racing Joyce DeWitt who grew up in the Town of Speedway and graduated from Speedway Senior High School once worked at the Indianapolis Motor Speedway ticket office 120 At least three former U S Presidents and one future President has attended the Indianapolis 500 Following his presidency Gerald Ford attended the 1979 race serving also as the grand marshal of the 500 Festival Parade 121 After their presidencies both George H W Bush and Bill Clinton attended the 2003 race the first time in Indy history that two former presidents were at the same race 122 It was the elder Bush s second visit to the Speedway he previously presided over the opening ceremonies of the 1987 Pan American Games which was held at the track Future President Donald Trump attended the race in 2002 123 Trump was selected to drive the pace car for the 2011 race but withdrew the duty after drawing controversy from fans In 1971 tentative plans were made for sitting president Richard Nixon to attend the race as part of the NATO Conference on Urban Affairs that was being held in the city Nixon was even rumored to be giving the starting command 124 Nixon would have been the first and only to date sitting president to attend the race However the visit was later cancelled At least two presidential candidates have visited the Speedway during their respective election campaigns owning much to the fact that the Indiana primary is usually held in May Ronald Reagan visited the track during the month of May 1976 while he was in town campaigning for the 1976 Indiana Republican primary 125 126 Likewise Hillary Clinton visited the track while campaigning for the 2008 Indiana primary and met with driver Sarah Fisher At least four former vice presidents have attended the race The aforementioned Gerald Ford George H W Bush and Indiana natives Dan Quayle and Mike Pence Quayle has attended the race numerous times including three times as sitting Vice President 1989 1991 Pence has reportedly attended the race over thirty times most recently in 2016 while he was the sitting Governor of Indiana and again in 2017 while he was sitting vice president In 2018 Pence visited the track during practice but not on race day 127 David Letterman worked as a reporter for ABC Sports during the 1971 race and attended the race many times as a spectator Since 2002 he has attended the race as co owner of Rahal Letterman Racing The team won the race in 2004 and 2020 At the 2015 race Letterman was honored on the famous scoring pylon during the pre race just four days after he retired from the Late Show During the 1960s and early 1970s several NASA astronauts from the Mercury and Apollo programs were among invited guests Race edit nbsp Indianapolis 500 1994For the entire history of the 500 mile race the official winner of the race has been defined as the driver who completes the 500 mile distance first sans penalties A winner is declared with a finishing time in hours minutes and seconds Finishers behind the winner were given additional time upwards of an hour in early years to complete the 500 mile distance In very early years completing the full 500 miles was a requirement to receive prize money In 1912 Ralph Mulford famously took nearly nine hours over 21 2 hours after the winner to complete the race and earn the 10th place prize money Later it was because completing the 500 mile distance at an average speed of over 100 mph earned a driver a spot in the prestigious Champion Spark Plug 100 mph Club In 1964 as live television arrived this extra time was reduced to about five minutes and after 1974 when raucous fans ran out on the track at the checkered flag extra time was eliminated 1975 was the first year in which the lap the winner finishes the race is the final lap for all competitors 128 In 1966 Gordon Johncock was said to have completed the 500 miles in lesser elapsed time than winner Graham Hill However Johncock had suffered minor damage during the first lap accident and restarted the race in the pit lane due to the crew changing the nose cone USAC officials did not score his first lap out of the pit lane and he effectively ran all day carrying a one lap penalty to the field 129 The cars begin the race in a rolling start traditionally in eleven rows of three for a field of 33 total cars Most other automobile races have two cars per row The 33 car field derives from a 1919 AAA mandate of one car for every 400 feet 120 m of track Early races however saw varying numbers of starters from as low as 21 to as high as 42 The number of cars in each row also varied with as many as five abreast Since 1933 there have only been the following exceptions to having a field of 33 racers In 1941 33 cars initially qualified for the field during time trials Sam Hanks was injured in a practice crash the day before the race and withdrew Then on the morning of the race George Barringer s car was destroyed in a fire that swept through the garage area thus only 31 cars lined up to start the race In 1947 only 30 cars qualified A boycott over the purse led to the smaller field In 1979 after a rules dispute over turbocharger inlets and after controversy regarding the refusal of some entries from members of the CART series a special fifth day of qualifying was added However only two cars ran sufficient speeds to be added to the field and 35 cars lined up to start the race Heavy attrition early on saw one car fail to complete a lap and 7 cars out by lap 22 In 1997 which used an all exempt tour concept similar to the PGA Tour since 1983 the top 25 teams headed in Indy Racing League team entry points standings earned exemptions into the field with the top nine non exempt cars making the race on speed Some exempt teams bumped out other non exempt cars that had actually qualified with faster speeds but their teams were not in the top 25 of League points Two bumped cars were restored to the field to ensure that the 33 fastest entries were part of the field for a total of 35 starters Ironically on the pace lap three cars crashed out together while two suffered mechanical problems and only 30 cars took the green flag A similar rule was used at the Crown Royal presents the Your Hero s Name Here 400 from 2005 to 2012 and the Lilly Diabetes 250 from 2012 to 2014 Both were NASCAR races which guaranteed a position for the top 35 drivers in the owners standings in the Sprint Cup Series and top 30 drivers for the Xfinity Series I always get a happy moment if I see the sunshine on race day you know I think that s the happiest kind of a moment I ever have Then I think when it s overcast I m not quite so happy Then when it rains why I would just assume crawl under the bed and stay there 130 Tony Hulman discussing his preferences for weather on race day Tom Carnegie announced on June 9 2006 that the previous month s race would be his last as official chief track announcer Having called the race since 1946 on the public address system he is best known for his lines He s She s on it signaling the start of a qualifying attempt It s a new track record when a driver surpasses either a one or four lap track record in qualifications and He s slowing down on the backstretch or Andretti is slowing down The latter for the Andretti family s historical misfortune at Indianapolis 131 Carnegie was also known for opening each day in May when the track was open to the public with the words Good morning race fans After Carnegie s retirement Dave Calabro sports director of Indianapolis NBC affiliate WTHR became the second chief PA announcer in the Hulman George era for the 2007 race and ever since With the race scheduled for the month of May the on track activities are often at the mercy of midwestern springtime rain showers Numerous practice days qualifying days and race days over the years have been halted delayed or washed out due to inclement weather Since the cars can not race on a wet or damp course rainy weather and even rainy forecasts are often despised by fans and competitors Track owner Tony Hulman was said to have loathed rainy weather at the track quipping that if he woke up on race day to rainy weather he would just assume crawl under the bed and stay there Days at the track that feature plentiful sunshine warm pleasant temperatures and no precipitation are said to be experiencing Tony Hulman weather Post race editVictory Lane edit nbsp Victory Lane at the Indianapolis Motor Speedway nbsp Victory lane platform used from 1986 to 1993 nbsp 2017 Indy 500 winner Takuma Sato celebrates his victory Immediately after taking the checkered flag the race winner drives to Victory Lane The celebration to honor the winner begins with the car being wheeled onto a black and white checkered periphery The driver is presented with the Borg Warner Trophy which is situated behind the car in a prominent location A floral wreath containing 33 lilies to commemorate the 33 drivers of the field is placed around the winners neck and the winner is presented with the traditional bottle of milk for refreshment Interviews are taken for television radio and over the public address system The driver s crew and team owner s also are invited to celebrate in victory lane and are joined by numerous dignitaries including the 500 Festival Queen and Princesses court track and series personalities celebrities and various sponsor representatives The Indianapolis 500 notably does not utilize a podium for the top three finishers as is customary in other forms of racing as well as at most other IndyCar events Only the winning driver and team participate in victory lane celebrations believed to be an homage to horse racing s Winner s Circle In the early years victory lane was located at the far south end of the pit area near the entrance to Turn One For many years it was identified by a large black and white checkered carpet This location was used through 1970 In 1971 victory lane was moved to the horseshoe area located in front of the Master Control Tower The car would be rolled up two checkered ramps to a raised platform a few feet above the ground In 1986 a new victory lane was constructed which was a hydraulic lift in the pit lane In 1994 after the pit lane was reconstructed victory lane was moved back to the horseshoe area this time on a large cylindrical platform The current victory lane is located beneath the Victory Podium stage adjacent to the Pagoda The podium which was originally built in 2000 for the U S Grand Prix to serve as a 1st 2nd 3rd podium for that event and later MotoGP SCCA and USAC events is not used as a podium for the Indy 500 or for the Brickyard 400 Instead it has been utilized as a stage for pre race ceremonies In 2020 as part of capital improvements by the new Penske ownership the podium was upgraded to include a new hoist to lift the winning car on top of the victory podium platform stage a throwback to the 1986 98 version of victory lane Bottle of milk edit nbsp Dan Wheldon in Victory Lane with the bottle of milkA long standing tradition of the Indianapolis 500 is for the winner to drink a bottle of milk immediately after the race This tradition dates back to 1936 after victor Louis Meyer asked for a glass of buttermilk something his mother had encouraged him to drink on hot days Meyer also reportedly drank milk after his victory in 1933 as did a few others in the immediate years afterward The young tradition quickly went away and for a time after World War II was replaced by Water From Wilbur a silver jug resembling an ice bucket filled with icy cold water presented by then Speedway president and three time former winner Wilbur Shaw By 1956 the milk returned as a ritual as milk companies became sponsors of the race purse and handed a bottle of milk to the winner to promote their product 6 A sponsorship of currently 10 000 now paid out by the American Dairy Association if the winner sips the milk in victory lane In 1993 Emerson Fittipaldi drank orange juice instead of milk after his victory The snub drew considerable ire from fans Later he took a sip of milk at the urging of his car owner Roger Penske Fittipaldi owned citrus farms in Brazil and wished to promote his industry As a result he was booed in driver s introductions the following week by the crowd in Milwaukee Wisconsin in the heart of America s Dairyland In 1981 Bobby Unser also did not drink the milk in victory lane 132 After Unser was tentatively stripped of his victory Mario Andretti sipped from a bottle of milk the next morning during the traditional photo shoot Drivers are allowed to choose what type of milk they want to receive and the publication of the milk list is a popular event amongst fans For the 2019 running of the 500 21 drivers including winner Simon Pagenaud picked whole milk 10 opted for 2 percent Marcus Ericsson selected fat free and defending champion Will Power did not list a preference 133 Several modern drivers most notably Ed Carpenter and James Hinchcliffe have said they want to drink buttermilk if they were to win out of respect for Louis Meyer s original tradition Since the early 2000s it has become increasingly common for winning drivers to pour some or all of the milk over their heads after drinking in apparent emulation of champagne spilling celebrations traditional at other races Borg Warner Trophy edit Main article Borg Warner Trophy A bas relief sculpture of the winner s face along with his name average speed and date of victory is added to the Borg Warner Trophy The trophy has been in use since 1936 6 A smaller replica of this trophy has been officially presented to the winner after the race since 1988 and team principal since 1997 usually in a press conference either at the Speedway or in Detroit at the North American International Auto Show at the BorgWarner exhibit except for the 2011 race because of extenuating circumstances the winning driver had died in a crash at an aborted INDYCAR race the winning team principal and the driver s widow were presented with the respective trophies in the ensuing January Prior to that winners received a replica mounted on a chestnut plaque Other celebrations edit The Gordon Pipers bagpipes marching band has performed traditionally at the Indianapolis 500 since 1962 The band marches and performs during the 500 Festival Parade during pre race ceremonies and plays while the winner is being wheeled into victory lane 134 Celebratory burnouts or donuts while not specifically prohibited by the rules are generally discouraged and frowned upon at the Indianapolis 500 Burnouts in IndyCar racing in general are often prohibited by the teams themselves as they potentially inflict damage on the engines which are subject to strict mileage usage and rebuild intervals Impromptu celebrations at locations other than the formal victory lane area are also discouraged and sometimes are considered a breach of tradition The lone allowable exception in the past many years has been Helio Castroneves who made a signature of climbing the catchfence after his victories In 2016 Alexander Rossi ran out of fuel on his cool down lap and his car coasted to a halt out on the track He then sprung from his car to wave to fans in turn four He was quickly towed to victory lane and the formal celebrations began as normal In 2019 winner Simon Pagenaud stopped at the start finish line and climbed out of his car which resulted in some mild criticism Before the impromptu celebration escalated officials coaxed him back into the car and pushed the car through a gate opening to the traditional victory lane At some point after the victory lane celebration the winner is whisked away and rides for a lap around the track in the pace car to salute the fans The tradition of the winning driver and crew kissing the yard of bricks that mark the start finish started by Dale Jarrett at the 1996 Brickyard 400 appears to have carried over to the Indy 500 starting with Gil de Ferran in 2003 135 Selected awards edit Pace car The race winner has been awarded one of the pace cars or a replica almost every year since 1936 In 1941 there were only six copies of the special Chrysler Newport Phaeton and no production models created The co winners did not receive it In 1946 an oil painting and a trip 136 was substituted as the award but winner George Robson died in a motor sports accident before he received it In 1971 Al Unser received a Dodge Charger from Palmer Dodge in the Indianapolis area after the Dodge Challenger pace car was damaged in the start crash Palmer repaired the car and kept it until selling in 2006 to local car collector Steven Cage 137 In 1991 the Dodge Viper was still a prototype vehicle and only two were in existence Winner Rick Mears was awarded instead a Dodge Stealth which was to be the original pace car but after protests by the UAW because the Stealth was a captive import built by Mitsubishi in Japan they were instead used at the track for festival cars 6 Rookie of the Year Since 1952 the Rookie of the Year award has been presented for the most outstanding performance by a rookie first year driver The award is voted on by a panel of experts and does not necessarily go to the highest finishing rookie Louis Schwitzer Award The Louis Schwitzer Award is presented annually to an engineer or a team of engineers for excellence in the design development and implementation of new innovative motorsports technology concepts for use in the Indianapolis 500 Jigger Award The Jigger Award is presented by the American Auto Racing Writers amp Broadcasters Association AARWBA for the hard luck driver during time trials It is in reference to the infamous qualifying gaffe of Leon Duray Jigger Sirois at the 1969 race Selection criteria is very loose and sometimes lighthearted but the recipient is usually one of the last drivers bumped from the field or a driver who fails to qualify especially if the driver made several unsuccessful attempts Quilt Among the numerous awards presented to the winner is the traditional Winner s Quilt Beginning in 1976 Jeanetta Holder hand crafted a special quilt blanket that featured an Indy related design and presented the quilt to the winning driver the morning after the race during the traditional winner s photo shoot 138 Holder died in December 2023 139 Winner s photo The morning after the race the winning driver and team participates in the traditional winner s photo shoot at the start finish line The 1981 photo shoot is notable in that race winner Bobby Unser was stripped of the victory when official results were posted Second place Mario Andretti was elevated to the win and Andretti took part in the photo shoot Later in the year Unser was reinstated the victory having never sat for a session of official winner photographs In 2009 heavy rain on Monday morning forced Helio Castroneves photo shoot to take place indoors Victory Banquet The night after the race the prizes are distributed at the annual 500 Victory Banquet The traditional awards banquet dates back many decades In 1972 the black tie gala was moved to the Indiana Convention Center and was held there until the mid 2000s In more recent years it has been held at a pavilion on the grounds of the Speedway The 1973 banquet was cancelled due to the rain delay and tragic circumstances surrounding the event For a brief time 2000 2001 the banquet was held on Sunday night a few hours after the conclusion of the race The 2000 race did not end until nearly 6 p m due to a rain delay and participants had to rush downtown to make the banquet on time In 2002 the banquet was moved back to Monday night In 1986 the race was delayed until the following Saturday due to rain and the banquet was cancelled due to scheduling concerns A private victory luncheon for the top three finishers was held the day after the race at the Speedway Motel Official standings edit For many years the results of the race were considered unofficial until the following day Immediately after the race the sanctioning body would begin reviewing the scoring serials as well as examine video tapes and film in order to confirm the results correct scoring errors make judgements on rules infractions and assess penalties or rescind penalties if necessary It was not unusual for the vetting process to go late into the evening beyond midnight and into the early hours of the next morning Traditionally USAC would post the official results at 8 a m local time the morning after the race Revisions were not unusual as assessed penalties and scoring corrections would be announced in the official standings However most corrections were relatively minor and seldom did drivers lose or gain positions in the final standings A brief protest period would open for the teams to formally submit complaints and if there were no protests the official results would stand as published This policy was often a source of controversy as in earlier years this made officials apt to document rules infractions as they occurred but not assess penalties until after the race rather than during the race Drivers and teams were sometimes not made fully aware of rules infractions until after they were issued a penalty the next morning This prevented teams from being able to strategize and make up the penalty deficits during the race itself In some cases the penalty dropped them one or more positions in the final standings By the early to mid 1990s with speed limits being instituted on pit lane after a fatality during a NASCAR race in 1990 penalties that included making a pit stop without any further activities stop and go or driving through pit lane at the prescribed speed limit without stopping drive through penalty have replaced most post race infractions Starting in 1990 a new electronic scoring system was implemented simplifying the scoring process 140 141 In that year officials were done compiling the official standings very early Sunday evening but still withheld the official release until 8 a m the next day By 1993 the rules were amended such that the official standings would be released approximately six hours following the conclusion of the race rather than the next morning 142 This was largely because computer and GPS based scoring systems had automated the process and barring any equipment malfunctions as happened at Texas in 1997 serial scoring errors were almost non existent and significantly more accurate and reliable than previous hand scoring methods Manually assessed penalties such as one lap penalties assessed for violations that occurred very late in the race are occasionally a focus of post race analysis and scoring revision as those penalties are typically unable to be served before the race concludes Related events editIn the days leading up the race numerous other related and unrelated events are held in and around Indianapolis Tony Hulman Classic Terre Haute Action Track USAC Sprints Hoosier Hundred Indiana State Fairgrounds USAC Silver Crown Series Carb Night Classic formerly the Night Before the 500 Lucas Oil Raceway at Indianapolis The Little 500 Anderson Speedway A 500 lap 33 car sprint car race held the night before the Indianapolis 500 at Anderson Speedway in Anderson Indiana since 1949 Carb Night Burger Bash Since 2008 Curt Cavin formerly of The Indianapolis Star and Kevin Lee WFNI NBCSN host a reception in Indianapolis on the Friday evening before the race Carb Day The reception raises money for charity and is highlighted by guest appearances by drivers from the starting field former drivers and other Indy personalities 143 From 2008 to 2015 the event was held at 96th Street Steakburgers Since 2016 it has been held downtown sponsored by Steak n Shake The Bash will not be held in 2018 but Cavin and Lee have stated that they intend to resume the event in the future As of 2017 the four racing events are held over four consecutive nights leading up to the Indy 500 on Sunday The Hulman Classic is typically Wednesday night the Hoosier Hundred Thursday night the Carb Night Classic Friday night and the Little 500 on Saturday night See also editList of attractions and events in IndianapolisReferences edit Cavin Curt October 1 2013 IndyCar officials provide details for revised 2 434 mile IMS road course Indianapolis Star Gannett Company Retrieved October 1 2013 Sturm William F December 16 1918 Speedway Race Date is Changed to May 31 The Indianapolis News p 17 Retrieved May 4 2015 via Newspapers com nbsp Popular Non Winner Herk Eyes Title The Indianapolis News May 26 1972 p 40 Retrieved February 12 2019 via Newspapers com nbsp Indianapolis practice notes 96 05 10 Motorsport com 1996 05 10 Archived from the original on 2011 06 07 Retrieved 2009 10 21 Mittman Dick Indianapolis 500 Qualifying Has Evolved Over The Years Archived 2008 03 06 at the Wayback Machine Indy500 com September 22 2004 a b c d e Indianapolis 500 Traditions Archived 2008 08 03 at the Wayback Machine Indy500 com Indianapolis 500 Schedule Archived 2008 10 13 at the Wayback Machine Indy500 com 1995 Indianapolis 500 Official Program IMS Corporation 1995 pp 121 125 Voices From the Speedway 50 Years of the Indy 500 on Radio 1070 WIBC AM amp IMS Radio Network 2002 The Talk of Gasoline Alley April 29 2014 WFNI Voices of the 500 50 years of the Indy 500 on Radio Indy 500 DVD Legacy Series 2002 May 10 2009 One on One With Mark Montieth 2009 05 10 WFNI Archived from the original on July 17 2011 CheckerFest The Indianapolis Star May 17 1992 p 23 Retrieved March 9 2022 via Newspapers com nbsp What s doin besides race The Indianapolis News May 27 1993 p 58 Retrieved March 9 2022 via Newspapers com nbsp Calendar The Indianapolis Star May 22 1994 p 161 Retrieved March 9 2022 via Newspapers com nbsp Free Time Guide The Indianapolis News May 25 1995 p 72 Retrieved March 9 2022 via Newspapers com nbsp Race Downtown The Indianapolis News May 3 1996 p 28 Retrieved March 9 2022 via Newspapers com nbsp Calendar The Indianapolis Star May 18 1997 p 154 Retrieved March 9 2022 via Newspapers com nbsp Indianapolis Press Club Foundation Indianapolis Press Club Foundation Powell Eric April 22 2005 Last Row Part Celebrates 33 Years of 11th Row Merriment on May 27 IMS Press Release Motorsport com Archived from the original on May 27 2015 Retrieved May 27 2015 Indianapolis Motor Speedway IndianapolisMotorSpeedway com Retrieved March 11 2017 Indianapolis Motor Speedway IndianapolisMotorSpeedway com Retrieved March 11 2017 Roadster Era To Be Honored On Legends Day At Indy Speed Sport March 27 2018 Retrieved March 27 2018 500 Festival 500Festival com Retrieved March 11 2017 Welcome to The 500 Festivalname 500Festival com Archived from the original on October 29 2007 Retrieved April 27 2009 a b Most Popular Indianapolis Area Attractions Indianapolis Business Journal Retrieved November 11 2020 Challenge at hand saving the parade part 1 The Indianapolis Star May 22 1997 p 1 Retrieved March 8 2017 via Newspapers com nbsp Challenge at hand saving the parade part 2 The Indianapolis Star May 22 1997 p 10 Retrieved March 8 2017 via Newspapers com nbsp Anderson Cooper named as Grand Marshal for 2011 IPL 500 Festival Parade 500 Festival 2011 05 17 Archived from the original on 2011 09 06 Retrieved 2011 05 18 Olivia Newton John named Grand Marshal for Indy 500 Festival 2012 05 11 Retrieved 2012 05 12 permanent dead link a b c King Robert April 13 2017 Eva Kor named grand marshal of 500 Festival parade The Indianapolis Star Retrieved April 15 2017 IMS Milestones 1906 1911 Indianapolis Motor Speedway Indianapolismotorspeedway com March 26 2013 Archived from the original on May 10 2010 The Talk of Gasoline Alley May 22 2000 1070 WIBC AM Fire Sweeps Through Gasoline Alley Highly Publicized Novi Cars Burned The Terra Haute Tribune March 31 1964 p 8 Retrieved August 2 2022 via Newspapers com nbsp Cadou Jr Jep August 9 1985 Speedway s new 96 garages will accent spaciousness Part 1 The Indianapolis Star p 1 Retrieved October 11 2017 via Newspapers com nbsp Cadou Jr Jep August 9 1985 Speedway s new 96 garages will accent spaciousness Part 2 The Indianapolis Star p 8 Retrieved October 11 2017 via Newspapers com nbsp Cavin Curt May 25 1991 Upbeat Simon low keys cost of auto racing The Indianapolis Star p 77 Retrieved February 4 2019 via Newspapers com nbsp Fusion Wayne May 25 1970 Race To Finish Is John s Plan The Indianapolis News p 23 Retrieved January 8 2019 via Newspapers com nbsp State Police Keep Eyes Peeled On Infield Crowd The Indianapolis News May 12 1973 p 1 Retrieved January 8 2019 via Newspapers com nbsp Traffic Tie Up Records Broken Part 1 The Indianapolis Star May 19 1968 p 1 Retrieved January 8 2019 via Newspapers com nbsp a b Traffic Tie Up Records Broken Part 2 The Indianapolis Star May 19 1968 p 12 Retrieved January 8 2019 via Newspapers com nbsp The Talk of Gasoline Alley May 7 2008 Network Indiana The Talk of Gasoline Alley May 17 2019 WFNI Devens Jeff May 26 1975 Infielders Throttle Down Their Mayhem The Indianapolis Star p 10 Retrieved April 8 2019 via Newspapers com nbsp Devens Jeff May 30 1977 The 500 Always Big Splash The Indianapolis Star p 12 Retrieved April 8 2019 via Newspapers com nbsp Spectator killed but Indy driver survives accident Rome News Tribune United Press International May 23 1980 a b c Cavin Curt May 16 1991 Bleacher seats cut down on 500 infield viewing The Indianapolis Star p 44 Retrieved January 8 2019 via Newspapers com nbsp Margolis Jon May 27 1989 Indy snakepit an American institution The Indianapolis Star p 87 Retrieved February 19 2019 via Newspapers com nbsp Hooper Kim L May 10 1992 Wet track engine debris force Speedway fans into waiting game The Indianapolis Star p 47 Retrieved January 8 2019 via Newspapers com nbsp Volunteers jobs aren t ordinary The Indianapolis Star May 16 2010 p B6 Retrieved March 16 2018 via Newspapers com nbsp Checkeye Ryan May 27 2010 Snake s Alive part 1 The Indianapolis Star p I18 Retrieved March 16 2018 via Newspapers com nbsp cite, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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