Buttermilk is a fermented dairy drink. Traditionally, it was the liquid left behind after churning butter out of culturedcream. As most modern butter in western countries is not made with cultured cream but uncultured sweet cream, most modern buttermilk in western countries is cultured separately. It is common in warm climates where unrefrigerated milk sours quickly.[1]
Buttermilk
Milk (left) compared to buttermilk (right). Buttermilk is thicker and leaves a more visible residue on the glass.
Originally, buttermilk referred to the liquid left over from churningbutter from cultured or fermented cream. Traditionally, before the advent of homogenization, the milk was left to sit for a period of time to allow the cream and milk to separate. During this time, naturally occurring lactic acid-producing bacteria in the milk fermented it. This facilitates the butter churning process, since fat from cream with a lower pH coalesces more readily than that of fresh cream. The acidic environment also helps prevent potentially harmful microorganisms from growing, increasing shelf life.[2]
Traditional buttermilk is still common in many Arabic, Indian, Nepalese, Pakistani, Finnish, Polish, and Dutch households, but rarely found in other Western countries. It is a common drink in many Indian and Nepalese homes, and often served with roasted maize.[3] In the Arab world, buttermilk is a common beverage to be sold ice cold with other dairy products. It is popular during Ramadan, where it is consumed during iftar and suhur.
Cultured buttermilk
United States
Cultured buttermilk was first commercially introduced in the United States in the 1920s. Commercially available cultured buttermilk is milk that has been pasteurized and homogenized, and then inoculated with a culture of Lactococcus lactis or Lactobacillus bulgaricus plus Leuconostoc citrovorum to simulate the naturally occurring bacteria in the old-fashioned product.[3] The tartness of cultured buttermilk is primarily due to lactic acid produced by lactic acid bacteria while fermentinglactose, the primary sugar in milk. As the bacteria produce lactic acid, the pH of the milk decreases and casein, the primary milk protein, precipitates, causing the curdling or clabbering of milk. This process makes buttermilk thicker than plain milk. While both traditional and cultured buttermilk contain lactic acid, traditional buttermilk tends to be less viscous than cultured buttermilk.[3]
When introduced in America, cultured buttermilk was popular among immigrants, and was viewed as a food that could slow aging. It reached peak annual sales of 517,000,000 kg (1.14 billion lbs.) in 1960. Buttermilk's popularity has declined since then, despite an increasing population, and annual sales in 2012 reached less than half that number.[4]
Acidified buttermilk is a substitute made by adding a food-grade acid such as vinegar or lemon juice to milk.[8] It can be produced by mixing 1 tablespoon (0.5 US fluid ounces, 15 ml) of acid with 1 cup (8 US fluid ounces, 240 ml) of milk and letting it sit until it curdles after about 10 minutes. Any level of fat content for the milk ingredient may be used, but whole milk is usually used for baking.
Nutrition
Commercially produced buttermilk is comparable to regular milk in terms of food energy and fat. One cup (237 mL) of whole milk contains 660 kilojoules (157 kilocalories) and 8.9 grams of fat. One cup of whole buttermilk contains 640 kJ (152 kcal) and 8.1 grams of total fat. Low-fat buttermilk is also available.[9] Buttermilk contains vitamins, potassium, calcium, and traces of phosphorus.[10]
See also
Butterfat, the fatty portion from which butter is made
^Muhlke, Christine (April 22, 2009). "Got Buttermilk?". New York Times.
^Douma (Ed.), Michael (June 14, 2007). "Ripening to Ferment Milk Sugars to Lactic Acid". Webexhibits. Retrieved 2008-12-31.
^ abcFankhause, David B. (June 14, 2007). . University of Cincinnati Clermont College. Archived from the original on August 28, 2007. Retrieved August 21, 2007.
^Anderson, L.V. (2012). "All Churned Around: How buttermilk lost its butter". Slate. Retrieved March 3, 2017.
^Hunziker, O F (January 1, 1923). "Utilization of Buttermilk in the form of Condensed and Dried Buttermilk" (PDF). Journal of Dairy Science. American Dairy Science Association. 6 (1): 1–12. doi:10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(23)94057-9. Retrieved 2010-10-26.
^Sodini, I.; Morin, P.; Olabi, A.; Jiménez-Flores, R. (February 2006). "Compositional and Functional Properties of Buttermilk: A Comparison Between Sweet, Sour, and Whey Buttermilk" (PDF). Journal of Dairy Science. American Dairy Science Association. 89 (2): 525–536. doi:10.3168/jds.s0022-0302(06)72115-4. PMID 16428621. Retrieved March 16, 2019.
^. U.S. Dept. of Agriculture. Economic Research Service. August 1991. Archived from the original on 2008-12-04. Retrieved 2008-06-28.
^"Title 21 – Food and Drugs: Chapter I, Part 131 Milk and Cream" (PDF). Electronic Code of Federal Regulations (e-CFR). April 1, 2007. Retrieved 2010-10-26.
^Filippone, Peggy Trowbridge. "Buttermilk health benefits". Retrieved October 13, 2013.
^Aparna, Karthikeyan (May 13, 2012). "Buttermilk, the best bet". The Hindu. Chennai, India. Retrieved October 13, 2013.
External links
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Buttermilk.
Wikibooks Cookbook has a recipe/module on
Buttermilk
Making cultured buttermilk
January 10, 2023
buttermilk, other, uses, disambiguation, fermented, dairy, drink, traditionally, liquid, left, behind, after, churning, butter, cultured, cream, most, modern, butter, western, countries, made, with, cultured, cream, uncultured, sweet, cream, most, modern, butt. For other uses see Buttermilk disambiguation Buttermilk is a fermented dairy drink Traditionally it was the liquid left behind after churning butter out of cultured cream As most modern butter in western countries is not made with cultured cream but uncultured sweet cream most modern buttermilk in western countries is cultured separately It is common in warm climates where unrefrigerated milk sours quickly 1 ButtermilkMilk left compared to buttermilk right Buttermilk is thicker and leaves a more visible residue on the glass CourseBeverageServing temperatureChilledMain ingredientsMilkFood energy per serving 40 100 grams kcal Media ButtermilkButtermilkNutritional value per 100 g 3 5 oz Energy169 kJ 40 kcal Carbohydrates4 8 gFat0 9 gProtein3 3 gMineralsQuantity DV Calcium12 116 mgUnits mg micrograms mg milligrams IU International units Percentages are roughly approximated using US recommendations for adults Buttermilk can be drunk straight and it can also be used in cooking In making soda bread the acid in buttermilk reacts with the raising agent sodium bicarbonate to produce carbon dioxide which acts as the leavening agent Buttermilk is also used in marination especially of chicken and pork Contents 1 Traditional buttermilk 2 Cultured buttermilk 2 1 United States 3 Acidified buttermilk 4 Nutrition 5 See also 6 References 7 External linksTraditional buttermilk EditOriginally buttermilk referred to the liquid left over from churning butter from cultured or fermented cream Traditionally before the advent of homogenization the milk was left to sit for a period of time to allow the cream and milk to separate During this time naturally occurring lactic acid producing bacteria in the milk fermented it This facilitates the butter churning process since fat from cream with a lower pH coalesces more readily than that of fresh cream The acidic environment also helps prevent potentially harmful microorganisms from growing increasing shelf life 2 Traditional buttermilk is still common in many Arabic Indian Nepalese Pakistani Finnish Polish and Dutch households but rarely found in other Western countries It is a common drink in many Indian and Nepalese homes and often served with roasted maize 3 In the Arab world buttermilk is a common beverage to be sold ice cold with other dairy products It is popular during Ramadan where it is consumed during iftar and suhur Cultured buttermilk EditUnited States Edit Cultured buttermilk was first commercially introduced in the United States in the 1920s Commercially available cultured buttermilk is milk that has been pasteurized and homogenized and then inoculated with a culture of Lactococcus lactis or Lactobacillus bulgaricus plus Leuconostoc citrovorum to simulate the naturally occurring bacteria in the old fashioned product 3 The tartness of cultured buttermilk is primarily due to lactic acid produced by lactic acid bacteria while fermenting lactose the primary sugar in milk As the bacteria produce lactic acid the pH of the milk decreases and casein the primary milk protein precipitates causing the curdling or clabbering of milk This process makes buttermilk thicker than plain milk While both traditional and cultured buttermilk contain lactic acid traditional buttermilk tends to be less viscous than cultured buttermilk 3 When introduced in America cultured buttermilk was popular among immigrants and was viewed as a food that could slow aging It reached peak annual sales of 517 000 000 kg 1 14 billion lbs in 1960 Buttermilk s popularity has declined since then despite an increasing population and annual sales in 2012 reached less than half that number 4 However condensed buttermilk and dried buttermilk remain important in the food industry 5 Liquid buttermilk is used primarily in the commercial preparation of baked goods and cheese 6 Buttermilk solids are used in ice cream manufacturing 7 as well as being added to pancake mixes to make buttermilk pancakes Acidified buttermilk EditAcidified buttermilk is a substitute made by adding a food grade acid such as vinegar or lemon juice to milk 8 It can be produced by mixing 1 tablespoon 0 5 US fluid ounces 15 ml of acid with 1 cup 8 US fluid ounces 240 ml of milk and letting it sit until it curdles after about 10 minutes Any level of fat content for the milk ingredient may be used but whole milk is usually used for baking Nutrition EditCommercially produced buttermilk is comparable to regular milk in terms of food energy and fat One cup 237 mL of whole milk contains 660 kilojoules 157 kilocalories and 8 9 grams of fat One cup of whole buttermilk contains 640 kJ 152 kcal and 8 1 grams of total fat Low fat buttermilk is also available 9 Buttermilk contains vitamins potassium calcium and traces of phosphorus 10 See also EditButterfat the fatty portion from which butter is made List of dairy products Ranch dressing a buttermilk based salad dressing Sarasson a cheese spread made from buttermilk Whey the liquid left over after producing cheese Creole cream cheese traditional Louisiana cheese made from buttermilkReferences Edit Muhlke Christine April 22 2009 Got Buttermilk New York Times Douma Ed Michael June 14 2007 Ripening to Ferment Milk Sugars to Lactic Acid Webexhibits Retrieved 2008 12 31 a b c Fankhause David B June 14 2007 Making Buttermilk University of Cincinnati Clermont College Archived from the original on August 28 2007 Retrieved August 21 2007 Anderson L V 2012 All Churned Around How buttermilk lost its butter Slate Retrieved March 3 2017 Hunziker O F January 1 1923 Utilization of Buttermilk in the form of Condensed and Dried Buttermilk PDF Journal of Dairy Science American Dairy Science Association 6 1 1 12 doi 10 3168 jds S0022 0302 23 94057 9 Retrieved 2010 10 26 Sodini I Morin P Olabi A Jimenez Flores R February 2006 Compositional and Functional Properties of Buttermilk A Comparison Between Sweet Sour and Whey Buttermilk PDF Journal of Dairy Science American Dairy Science Association 89 2 525 536 doi 10 3168 jds s0022 0302 06 72115 4 PMID 16428621 Retrieved March 16 2019 Dry buttermilk and nonfat dry milk price relationship U S Dept of Agriculture Economic Research Service August 1991 Archived from the original on 2008 12 04 Retrieved 2008 06 28 Title 21 Food and Drugs Chapter I Part 131 Milk and Cream PDF Electronic Code of Federal Regulations e CFR April 1 2007 Retrieved 2010 10 26 Filippone Peggy Trowbridge Buttermilk health benefits Retrieved October 13 2013 Aparna Karthikeyan May 13 2012 Buttermilk the best bet The Hindu Chennai India Retrieved October 13 2013 External links Edit Wikimedia Commons has media related to Buttermilk Wikibooks Cookbook has a recipe module on Buttermilk Making cultured buttermilk Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Buttermilk amp oldid 1131595253, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
