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Wikipedia

Lance Armstrong

April 27, 2023

For the Australian politician, see Lance Armstrong (politician).

Lance Edward Armstrong (né Gunderson; born September 18, 1971)[4] is an American former professional road racing cyclist. He became globally famous for winning the Tour de France seven consecutive times from 1999 to 2005 after recovering from testicular cancer. He was later stripped of all his titles when an investigation found that he had used performance-enhancing drugs over his career.

Lance Armstrong
Armstrong before the 2009 Tour Down Under
Personal information
Full nameLance Edward Armstrong
NicknameLe Boss[1]
Big Tex[2]
BornLance Edward Gunderson
(1971-09-18) September 18, 1971 (age 51)
Richardson, Texas, U.S.
Height1.77 m (5 ft 9+1⁄2 in)[3]
Weight75 kg (165 lb)[3]
Team information
DisciplineRoad
RoleRider
Rider typeAll-rounder
Amateur teams
1990–1991Subaru–Montgomery
1991US National Team
Professional teams
1992–1996Motorola
1997Cofidis
1998–2005U.S. Postal Service
2009Astana
2010–2011Team RadioShack
Major wins
Grand Tour
Tour de France
2 individual stages (1993, 1995)

Stage races

Tour de Luxembourg (1998)
Tour DuPont (1995, 1996)

One-day races and Classics

World Road Race Championships (1993)
National Road Race Championships (1993)
Clásica de San Sebastián (1995)
La Flèche Wallonne (1996)
Trofeo Laigueglia (1993)
Medal record
Representing  United States
Men's Cycling
World Championships
1993 Oslo Elite Men's Road Race
Olympic Games
Disqualified 2000 Sydney Men's time trial

At age 16, Armstrong began competing as a triathlete and was a national sprint-course triathlon champion in 1989 and 1990. In 1992, he began his career as a professional cyclist with the Motorola team. He had success between 1993 and 1996 with the World Championship in 1993, the Clásica de San Sebastián in 1995, Tour DuPont in 1995 and 1996, and a handful of stage victories in Europe, including stage 8 of the 1993 Tour de France and stage 18 of the 1995 Tour de France. In 1996, he was diagnosed with a potentially fatal metastatic testicular cancer. After his recovery, he founded the Lance Armstrong Foundation (now the Livestrong Foundation) to assist other cancer survivors.

Returning to cycling in 1998, Armstrong was a member of the US Postal/Discovery team between 1998 and 2005 when he won his seven Tour de France titles. Armstrong retired from racing at the end of the 2005 Tour de France, but returned to competitive cycling with the Astana team in January 2009, finishing third in the 2009 Tour de France later that year. Between 2010 and 2011, he raced with Team Radio Shack, and retired for a second time in 2011.

Armstrong became the subject of doping allegations after he won the 1999 Tour de France. For years, he denied involvement in doping. In 2012, a United States Anti-Doping Agency (USADA) investigation concluded that Armstrong had used performance-enhancing drugs over the course of his career[5] and named him as the ringleader of "the most sophisticated, professionalized and successful doping program that sport has ever seen".[6] While maintaining his innocence, Armstrong chose not to contest the charges, citing the potential toll on his family.[7] He received a lifetime ban from all sports that follow the World Anti-Doping Code, ending his competitive cycling career.[8] The International Cycling Union (UCI) upheld USADA's decision[9] and decided that his stripped wins would not be allocated to other riders.[N 1][10] In January 2013, Armstrong publicly admitted his involvement in doping. In April 2018, Armstrong settled a civil lawsuit with the United States Department of Justice and agreed to pay US$5 million to the U.S. government after whistleblower proceedings were commenced by Floyd Landis, a former team member.

Early life

Armstrong was born Lance Edward Gunderson on September 18, 1971, at Methodist Hospital in Richardson, Texas,[12] the son of Linda Gayle (née Mooneyham), a secretary, and Eddie Charles Gunderson (died 2012),[citation needed] a route manager for The Dallas Morning News. He is of Canadian, Dutch, and Norwegian descent.[13] He was named after Lance Rentzel, a Dallas Cowboys wide receiver. His parents divorced in 1973 when Lance was two. He had attended Plano East Senior High School.[14]

Career

Early career

 
Armstrong (center left) during the amateur race at the 1990 UCI Road World Championships

At the age of 12, Armstrong started his sporting career as a swimmer at the City of Plano Swim Club and finished fourth in Texas state 1,500-meter freestyle. He stopped swimming-only races after seeing a poster for a junior triathlon, called the Iron Kids Triathlon, which he won at age 13.[15]

In the 1987–1988 Tri-Fed/Texas ("Tri-Fed" was the former name of USA Triathlon), Armstrong was ranked the number-one triathlete in the 19-and-under group; second place was Chann McRae, who became a US Postal Service cycling teammate and the 2002 USPRO national champion. Armstrong's total points in 1987 as an amateur were better than those of five professionals ranked higher than he was that year. At 16, Lance Armstrong became a professional triathlete and became national sprint-course triathlon champion in 1989 and 1990 at 18 and 19, respectively.[16]

Motorola: 1992–96

In 1992, Armstrong turned professional with the Motorola Cycling Team, the successor of 7-Eleven team. In 1993, Armstrong won 10 one-day events and stage races, but his breakthrough victory was the World Road Race Championship held in Norway. Before his World Championships win, he took his first win at the Tour de France, in the stage from Châlons-sur-Marne to Verdun. He was 97th in the general classification when he retired after stage 12. He collected the Thrift Drug Triple Crown of Cycling: the Thrift Drug Classic in Pittsburgh, the K-Mart West Virginia Classic, and the CoreStates USPRO national championship in Philadelphia. He is alleged by another cyclist competing in the CoreStates Road Race to have bribed that cyclist so that he would not compete with Armstrong for the win.[17]

In 1994, he again won the Thrift Drug Classic and came second in the Tour DuPont in the United States. His successes in Europe occurred when he placed second in Liège–Bastogne–Liège and the Clásica de San Sebastián, where just two years before, he had finished in last place at his first all-pro event in Europe. He finished the year strongly at the World Championships in Agrigento, finishing in 7th place less than a minute behind winner Luc Leblanc.[citation needed]

In a 2016 speech to University of Colorado, Boulder professor Roger A. Pielke Jr.'s Introduction to Sports Governance class, Armstrong stated he began doping in "late Spring of 1995".[18]

He won the Clásica de San Sebastián in 1995, followed by an overall victory in the penultimate Tour DuPont and a handful of stage victories in Europe, including the stage to Limoges in the Tour de France, three days after the death of his teammate Fabio Casartelli, who crashed on the descent of the Col de Portet d'Aspet on the 15th stage.[19] After winning the stage, Armstrong pointed to the sky in honor of Casartelli.[20]

Armstrong's successes were much the same in 1996. He became the first American to win the La Flèche Wallonne and again won the Tour DuPont. However, he was able to compete for only five days in the Tour de France. In the 1996 Olympic Games, he finished 6th in the time trial and 12th in the road race.[21] In August 1996 following the Leeds Classic, Armstrong signed a 2-year, $2 million deal with the French Cofidis Cycling Team.[22] Joining him in signing contracts with the French team were teammates Frankie Andreu and Laurent Madouas. Two months later, in October 1996, he was diagnosed with advanced testicular cancer.[citation needed]

Cancer diagnosis, treatment and recovery

On October 2, 1996, at the age of 25, Armstrong was diagnosed with stage three (advanced) testicular cancer (embryonal carcinoma).[23] The cancer had spread to his lymph nodes, lungs, brain, and abdomen.[24] He visited urologist Jim Reeves in Austin, Texas, for diagnosis of his symptoms, including a headache, blurred vision, coughing up blood and a swollen testicle.[25] On October 3, Armstrong had an orchiectomy to remove the diseased testicle.[26] When Reeves was asked in a later interview what he thought Armstrong's chances of survival were, he said, "Almost none. We told Lance initially 20 to 50% chance, mainly to give him hope. But with the kind of cancer he had, with the x-rays, the blood tests, almost no hope."[25][26]

After receiving a letter from Steven Wolff, an oncologist at Vanderbilt University,[27] Armstrong went to the Indiana University medical center in Indianapolis [28] and decided to receive the rest of his treatment there. The standard treatment for Armstrong's cancer was a "cocktail" of the drugs bleomycin, etoposide, and cisplatin (or Platinol) (BEP). The first chemotherapy cycle that Armstrong underwent included BEP, but for the three remaining cycles, he was given an alternative, vinblastine etoposide, ifosfamide, and cisplatin (VIP), to avoid lung toxicity associated with bleomycin.[29] Armstrong credited this with saving his cycling career.[30] At Indiana University, Lawrence Einhorn had pioneered the use of cisplatin to treat testicular cancer. Armstrong's primary oncologist there was Craig Nichols.[31] On October 25,[32] his brain lesions, which were found to contain extensive necrosis, were surgically removed by Scott A. Shapiro,[33] a professor of neurosurgery at Indiana University.

Armstrong's final chemotherapy treatment took place on December 13, 1996.[34] In January 1997, Armstrong unexpectedly appeared at the first training camp of the Cofidis team at Lille, riding 100 km (62 mi) with his new teammates before returning to the United States.[35][36] In February 1997, he was declared cancer-free. In October, Cofidis announced that his contract would not be extended, after negotiations broke down over a new deal.[22] A former boss at Subaru Montgomery offered him a contract with the US Postal team at a salary of $200,000 a year. By January 1998, Armstrong was engaged in serious training for racing, moving to Europe with the team.[31]

US Postal/Discovery: 1998–2005

Before his cancer treatment, Armstrong had participated in four Tour de France races, winning two stages. In 1993, he won the eighth stage and in 1995; he took stage 18 which he dedicated to teammate Fabio Casartelli who had crashed and died on stage 15. Armstrong dropped out of the 1996 Tour after the fifth stage after becoming ill, a few months before his diagnosis.[citation needed]

 
Armstrong finishing third in Sète, taking over the Yellow Jersey at Grand Prix Midi Libre

Armstrong's cycling comeback began in 1998 and he entered the 1998 edition of Paris–Nice but could not compete at such an elite level and abandoned the race.[37] He then abandoned Europe with his fiancé and returned to Texas where he contemplated retirement. Not long after returning to the United States Armstrong entered seclusion near Beech Mountain and Boone, North Carolina[38] with former Tour de France rider Bob Roll as well as Chris Carmichael and trained in the Appalachian Mountains.[39] In May 1998 Armstrong held his 2nd charity race for cancer research in Austin, Texas: The Race for the Roses. Greg LeMond, Irish cycling legend Sean Kelly and five time Tour champion Miguel Induráin were the most important cyclists at the event. LeMond said it was a good reason to get cyclists together, went on to say that life doesn't always deal the cards out equal and who knows if Armstrong will get back to the highest level, maybe he retires next year. During an interview Armstrong said the rider he admires the most is Laurent Jalabert, saying that when he's riding well, he's the fiercest competitor in the bunch.

He then entered and won the Tour of Luxembourg.[37] During the 1998 Vuelta a España Armstrong shocked the cycling world by finishing in the top 5 during one ITT, the top 10 in another and for the most part staying with the GC contenders in the mountains en route to finishing 4th overall. His credibility as a threat was confirmed when he finished 4th in both the road race and time trial at the World Championships.[40] As a result of these efforts Armstrong finished 3rd in the voting for the Vélo d'Or.[41] In 1999 he won the Tour de France, including four stages. He beat the second place rider, Alex Zülle, by 7 minutes 37 seconds. However, the absence of Jan Ullrich (injury) and Marco Pantani (drug allegations) meant Armstrong had not yet proven himself against the biggest names in the sport. Stage wins included the prologue, stage eight, an individual time trial in Metz, an Alpine stage on stage nine, and the second individual time trial on stage 19.[42]

In 2000, Ullrich and Pantani returned to challenge Armstrong. The race began a six-year rivalry between Ullrich and Armstrong and ended in victory for Armstrong by 6 minutes 2 seconds over Ullrich. Armstrong took one stage in the 2000 Tour, the second individual time trial on stage 19. In 2001, Armstrong again took top honors, beating Ullrich by 6 minutes 44 seconds. In 2002, Ullrich did not participate due to suspension, and Armstrong won by seven minutes over Joseba Beloki.[43] During stage eleven and twelve of this Tour is when the race was won as US Postal had Vuelta champ Roberto Heras lead Armstrong up both climbs, breaking the peloton in the process. Then when Heras' work was done Armstrong took off to claim the stage wins only having to contend with Beloki.

 
Armstrong riding the prologue of the 2004 Tour de France

The pattern returned in 2003, Armstrong taking first place and Ullrich second. Only a minute and a second separated the two at the end of the final day in Paris. U.S. Postal won the team time trial on stage 4 and on stage 9 Armstrong nearly crashed out of the Tour while defending the yellow jersey. He was less than a minute ahead of Beloki and Alexander Vinokourov was on a solo attack threatening to overtake Armstrong in the standings. While traversing the Côte de la Rochette Beloki crashed violently and hard, ending his Tour and sending him to the hospital with serious injuries.[44] Armstrong narrowly avoided the same fate by reacting in time to avoid Beloki, but to do so he went off the road and ended up on a foot trail which led downhill through a field. He survived upright on his bike nearly to the end, at which time he picked it up and carried it the rest of the way to the road at the bottom of the hairpin turn, essentially losing no time as a result. He could have been fined or penalized for taking a shortcut, but it was deemed unintentional.[45] Armstrong maintained a gap of only +0:21 over Vinokourov, but Ullrich was emerging as the most likely rider to overthrow Armstrong. Armstrong then took stage 15—despite having been knocked off on the ascent to Luz Ardiden, the final climb—when a spectator's bag caught his right handlebar. Ullrich waited for him, which brought Ullrich fair-play honors.[46]

In 2004, Armstrong finished first, 6 minutes 19 seconds ahead of German Andreas Klöden. Ullrich was fourth, a further 2 minutes 31 seconds behind. Armstrong won a personal-best five individual stages, plus the team time trial. He became the first biker since Gino Bartali in 1948 to win three consecutive mountain stages; 15, 16, and 17. The individual time trial on stage 16 up Alpe d'Huez was won in style by Armstrong as he passed Ivan Basso on the way despite having set out two minutes after the Italian. He won sprint finishes from Basso in stages 13 and 15 and made up a significant gap in the last 250 m to nip Klöden at the line in stage 17. He won the final individual time trial, stage 19, to complete his personal record of stage wins.[47]

 
Armstrong wearing the yellow jersey at the 2005 Tour de France

In 2005, Armstrong was beaten by American David Zabriskie in the stage 1 time trial by two seconds, despite having passed Ullrich on the road. His Discovery Channel team won the team time trial, while Armstrong won the final individual time trial. In the mountain stages, Armstrong's lead was attacked multiple times mostly by Ivan Basso, but also by T-mobile leaders Jan Ullrich, Andreas Klöden and Alexandre Vinokourov and former teammate Levi Leipheimer. But still, the American champion handled them well, maintained his lead and, on some occasions, increased it. To complete his record-breaking feat, he crossed the line on the Champs-Élysées on July 24 to win his seventh consecutive Tour, finishing 4 m 40s ahead of Basso, with Ullrich third. Another record achieved that year was that Armstrong completed the tour at the highest pace in the race's history: his average speed over the whole tour was 41.7 km/h (26 mph).[48] In 2005, Armstrong announced he would retire after the 2005 Tour de France,[49] citing his desire to spend more time with his family and his foundation.[50] During his retirement, he diverted his attention away from the happenings in professional cycling; however whilst at a conference, in 2008, he saw Carlos Sastre's win on Alpe d'Huez and "felt a pang".[50]

Comeback

Astana Pro Team: 2009

See also: 2009 Astana season

Armstrong announced on September 9, 2008, that he would return to pro cycling with the express goal of participating in the 2009 Tour de France.[51][52] VeloNews reported that Armstrong would race for no salary or bonuses and would post his internally tested blood results online.[52]

 
Armstrong riding for Astana on Stage 17 of the 2009 Tour de France

Australian ABC radio reported on September 24, 2008, that Armstrong would compete in the UCI Tour Down Under through Adelaide and surrounding areas in January 2009. UCI rules say a cyclist has to be in an anti-doping program for six months before an event, but UCI allowed Armstrong to compete.[53] He had to retire from the 2009 Vuelta a Castilla y León during the first stage after crashing in a rider pileup in Baltanás, Spain, and breaking his collarbone.[54] Armstrong flew back to Austin, Texas, for corrective surgery, which was successful, and was back training on a bicycle within four days of his operation.

On April 10, 2009, a controversy emerged between the French anti-doping agency AFLD and Armstrong and his team manager, Johan Bruyneel, stemming from a March 17, 2009, encounter with an AFLD anti-doping official who visited Armstrong after a training ride in Beaulieu-sur-Mer. When the official arrived, Armstrong claims he asked—and was granted—permission to take a shower while Bruyneel checked the official's credentials. In late April, the AFLD cleared Armstrong of any wrongdoing.[55] Armstrong returned to racing after his collarbone injury at the Tour of the Gila in New Mexico on April 29.[56]

On July 7, in the fourth stage of the 2009 Tour de France, Armstrong narrowly failed to win the yellow jersey after his Astana team won the team time trial. His Astana team won the 39 km lap of Montpellier but Armstrong ended up just over two tenths of a second (0.22) outside Fabian Cancellara's overall lead.[57] Armstrong finished the 2009 Tour de France on the podium in 3rd place. The only riders able to drop him were Andy Schleck who was able to defeat him by +1:13 and his own Astana teammate Alberto Contador, who won the Tour by more than four minutes over Schleck.[citation needed]

Team RadioShack: 2010–11

 
Armstong riding in the 2010 Tour de France in his RadioShack jersey

On July 21, 2009, Armstrong announced that he would return to the Tour de France in 2010.[58] RadioShack was named as the main sponsor for Armstrong's 2010 team, named Team RadioShack.[59] Armstrong made his 2010 season debut at the Tour Down Under where he finished 25th out of the 127 riders who completed the race. He made his European season debut at the 2010 Vuelta a Murcia finishing in seventh place overall. Armstrong was also set to compete in several classics such as the Milan–San Remo, Amstel Gold Race, Liège–Bastogne–Liège, and the Tour of Flanders, but bouts with gastroenteritis forced his withdrawal from three of the four races.[60]

Armstrong returned to the United States in mid-April to compete in the Tour of Gila and May's Tour of California, both as preparation for the Tour de France. However, he crashed outside Visalia early in stage 5 of the Tour of California and had to withdraw from the race.[61] He showed fine shape after recovering from the Tour of California crash, placing second in the Tour of Switzerland and third in the Tour of Luxembourg.

On June 28, Armstrong announced via Twitter that the 2010 edition would be his final Tour de France.[62] Armstrong put in an impressive performance in the Tour's prologue time trial, finishing fourth. Only time trial specialists were able to better Armstrong's time and he was the highest placed of the GC contenders with a young, relatively unknown rider, Geraint Thomas, finishing one second behind him and Contador four seconds slower. In all eight of Armstrong's Tours since his comeback in 1999 he always had the requisite good luck early in the Tour and never got involved in crashes or mechanicals, which could cost him serious time. In 2010 his luck ran out early as he lost serious time due to the aftermath and peloton splits caused by a crash on stage 3,[63] and then another crash on stage 8. He rallied for the brutal Pyrenean stage 16, working as a key player in a successful break that included teammate Chris Horner. He finished his last tour in 23rd place, 39 minutes 20 seconds behind former winner Alberto Contador.[64] He was also a key rider in helping Team RadioShack win the team competition, beating Caisse d'Epargne by 9 minutes, 15 seconds. In October, he announced the end of his international career after the Tour Down Under in January 2011. He stated that after January 2011, he will race only in the U.S. with the Radioshack domestic team.[65]

Armstrong announced his retirement from competitive cycling 'for good' on February 16, 2011, while still facing a US federal investigation into doping allegations.[66][67]

Collaboration of sponsors

Armstrong improved the support behind his well-funded teams, asking sponsors and suppliers to contribute and act as part of the team.[68] For example, rather than having the frame, handlebars, and tires designed and developed by separate companies with little interaction, his teams adopted a Formula One relationship with sponsors and suppliers named "F-One",[69] taking full advantage of the combined resources of several organizations working in close communication. The team, Trek, Nike, AMD, Bontrager (a Trek company), Shimano, Sram, Giro and Oakley, collaborated for an array of products.[citation needed]

Doping allegations, investigation and confession

Main articles: History of Lance Armstrong doping allegations and Lance Armstrong doping case

For much of his career, Armstrong faced persistent allegations of doping.[70] Armstrong denied all such allegations until January 2013, often claiming that he never had any positive test in the drug tests he has taken over his cycling career.[71]

Armstrong has been criticized for his disagreements with outspoken opponents of doping such as Paul Kimmage[72][73] and Christophe Bassons.[74][75] Bassons was a rider for Festina at the time of the Festina affair and was widely reported by teammates as being the only rider on the team not to be taking performance-enhancing drugs. Bassons wrote a number of articles for a French newspaper during the 1999 Tour de France which made references to doping in the peloton. Subsequently, Armstrong had an altercation with Bassons during the 1999 Tour de France where Bassons said Armstrong rode up alongside on the Alpe d'Huez stage to tell him "it was a mistake to speak out the way I (Bassons) do and he (Armstrong) asked why I was doing it. I told him that I'm thinking of the next generation of riders. Then he said 'Why don't you leave, then?'"[76][77]

Armstrong confirmed the story. On the main evening news on TF1, a national television station, Armstrong said: "His accusations aren't good for cycling, for his team, for me, for anybody. If he thinks cycling works like that, he's wrong and he would be better off going home".[78] Kimmage, a professional cyclist in the 1980s who later became a sports journalist, referred to Armstrong as a "cancer in cycling".[75] He also asked Armstrong questions in relation to his "admiration for dopers" at a press conference at the Tour of California in 2009, provoking a scathing reaction from Armstrong.[75] This spat continued and is exemplified by Kimmage's articles in The Irish Independent.[79]

Armstrong continued to deny the use of illegal performance-enhancing drugs for four more years, describing himself as the most tested athlete in the world.[80] From his return to cycling in the fall of 2008 through March 2009, Armstrong claimed to have submitted to 24 unannounced drug tests by various anti-doping authorities.[81][82]

Working with Michele Ferrari

Armstrong was criticized for working with controversial trainer Michele Ferrari. Ferrari claimed that he was introduced to Lance by Eddy Merckx in 1995.[83] Greg LeMond described himself as "devastated" on hearing of them working together, while Tour de France organizer Jean-Marie Leblanc said, "I am not happy the two names are mixed."[84] Following Ferrari's later-overturned conviction for "sporting fraud" and "abuse of the medical profession", Armstrong claimed he suspended his professional relationship with him, saying that he had "zero tolerance for anyone convicted of using or facilitating the use of performance-enhancing drugs" and denying that Ferrari had ever "suggested, prescribed or provided me with any performance-enhancing drugs".[85]

Though Ferrari was banned from practicing medicine with cyclists by the Italian Cycling Federation, according to Italian law enforcement authorities, Armstrong met with Ferrari as late as 2010 in a country outside Italy.[86] According to Cycling News, "USADA reveals an intimate role played by Dr. Michele Ferrari in masterminding Armstrong's Tour de France success". According to the USADA report, Armstrong paid Ferrari over a million dollars from 1996 to 2006, countering Armstrong's claim that he severed his professional relationship with Ferrari in 2004. The report also includes numerous eyewitness accounts of Ferrari injecting Armstrong with EPO on a number of occasions.[87]

L.A. Confidentiel: 2004

Main article: L.A. Confidentiel

In 2004, reporters Pierre Ballester and David Walsh published a book alleging Armstrong had used performance-enhancing drugs (L.A. Confidentiel – Les secrets de Lance Armstrong). Another figure in the book, Steve Swart, claims he and other riders, including Armstrong, began using drugs in 1995 while members of the Motorola team, a claim denied by other team members.[88][89]

Among the allegations in the book were claims by Armstrong's former soigneur Emma O'Reilly that a backdated prescription for cortisone had been produced in 1999 to avoid a positive test. A 1999 urine sample at the Tour de France showed traces of corticosteroid. A medical certificate showed he used an approved cream for saddle sores which contained the substance.[90] O'Reilly said she heard team officials worrying about Armstrong's positive test for steroids during the Tour. She said: "They were in a panic, saying: 'What are we going to do? What are we going to do?'"[91]

According to O'Reilly, the solution was to get one of their compliant doctors to issue a pre-dated prescription for a steroid-based ointment to combat saddle sores. He said she would have known if Armstrong had saddle sores as she would have administered any treatment for it. O'Reilly said that Armstrong told her: "Now, Emma, you know enough to bring me down." O'Reilly said on other occasions she was asked to dispose of used syringes for Armstrong and pick up strange parcels for the team.[92]

Allegations in the book were reprinted in The Sunday Times (UK) by deputy sports editor Alan English in June 2004. Armstrong sued for libel, and the paper settled out of court after a High Court judge in a pre-trial ruling stated that the article "meant accusation of guilt and not simply reasonable grounds to suspect."[93] The newspaper's lawyers issued the statement: "The Sunday Times has confirmed to Mr. Armstrong that it never intended to accuse him of being guilty of taking any performance-enhancing drugs and sincerely apologized for any such impression." The same authors (Pierre Ballester and David Walsh) subsequently published L.A. Official and Le Sale Tour (The Dirty Trick), further pressing their claims that Armstrong used performance-enhancing drugs throughout his career.[citation needed]

On March 31, 2005, Mike Anderson filed a brief[94] in Travis County District Court in Texas, as part of a legal battle following his termination in November 2004 as an employee of Armstrong. Anderson worked for Armstrong for two years as a personal assistant. In the brief, Anderson claimed that he discovered a box of 'androstenin' while cleaning a bathroom in Armstrong's apartment in Girona, Spain.[95] 'Androstenin' is not on the list of banned drugs. Anderson stated in a subsequent deposition that he had no direct knowledge of Armstrong using a banned substance. Armstrong denied the claim and issued a counter-suit.[96] The two men reached an out-of-court settlement in November 2005; the terms of the agreement were not disclosed.[97]

In November 2012, Times Newspapers republished all of Walsh's articles as well as the original "LA Confidential" article by Alan English in Lanced: The shaming of Lance Armstrong.[98] The Times is said to be considering taking action to recoup money from Armstrong in relation to the settlement and court costs.[99]

In December 2012 The Sunday Times filed suit against Armstrong for $1.5 million. In its suit, the paper is seeking a return of the original settlement, plus interest and the cost of defending the original case.[100]

In August 2013, Armstrong and The Sunday Times reached an undisclosed settlement.[101]

Tour de France urine tests: 2005

On August 23, 2005, L'Équipe, a major French daily sports newspaper, reported on its front page under the headline "le mensonge Armstrong" ("The Armstrong Lie") that six urine samples taken from the cyclist during the prologue and five stages of the 1999 Tour de France, frozen and stored since at "Laboratoire national de dépistage du dopage de Châtenay-Malabry" (LNDD), had tested positive for erythropoietin (EPO) in recent retesting conducted as part of a research project into EPO testing methods.[102][103]

Armstrong immediately replied on his website, saying, "Unfortunately, the witch hunt continues and tomorrow's article is nothing short of tabloid journalism. The paper even admits in its own article that the science in question here is faulty and that I have no way to defend myself. They state: 'There will therefore be no counter-exam nor regulatory prosecutions, in a strict sense, since defendant's rights cannot be respected.' I will simply restate what I have said many times: I have never taken performance enhancing drugs."[104]

In October 2005, in response to calls from the International Olympic Committee and the World Anti-Doping Agency (WADA) for an independent investigation, the UCI appointed Dutch lawyer Emile Vrijman to investigate the handling of urine tests by the French national anti-doping laboratory, LNDD. Vrijman was head of the Dutch anti-doping agency for ten years; since then he has worked as a defense attorney defending high-profile athletes against doping charges.[105] Vrijman's report cleared Armstrong because of improper handling and testing.[106][107] The report said tests on urine samples were conducted improperly and fell so short of scientific standards that it was "completely irresponsible" to suggest they "constitute evidence of anything".[108]

The recommendation of the commission's report was no disciplinary action against any rider on the basis of LNDD research. It also called upon the WADA and LNDD to submit themselves to an investigation by an outside independent authority.[109] The IOC Ethics Commission subsequently censured Dick Pound, the President of WADA and a member of the IOC, for his statements in the media that suggested wrongdoing by Armstrong. In April 2009, anti-doping expert[110] Michael Ashenden said "the LNDD absolutely had no way of knowing athlete identity from the sample they're given. They have a number on them, but that's never linked to an athlete's name. The only group that had both the number and the athlete's name is the federation, in this case it was the UCI." He added "There was only two conceivable ways that synthetic EPO could've gotten into those samples. One, is that Lance Armstrong used EPO during the '99 Tour. The other way it could've got in the urine was if, as Lance Armstrong seems to believe, the laboratory spiked those samples. Now, that's an extraordinary claim, and there's never ever been any evidence the laboratory has ever spiked an athlete's sample, even during the Cold War, where you would've thought there was a real political motive to frame an athlete from a different country. There's never been any suggestion that it happened."[111]

SCA Promotions case: 2005–2015

In June 2006, French newspaper Le Monde reported claims by Betsy and Frankie Andreu during a deposition that Armstrong had admitted to using performance-enhancing drugs to his physician just after brain surgery in 1996. The Andreus' testimony was related to litigation between Armstrong and SCA Promotions, a Texas company attempting to withhold a $5 million bonus; this was settled out of court with SCA paying Armstrong and Tailwind Sports $7.5 million, to cover the $5 million bonus plus interest and lawyers' fees. The testimony stated "And so the doctor asked him a few questions, not many, and then one of the questions he asked was ... have you ever used any performance-enhancing drugs? And Lance said yes. And the doctor asked, what were they? And Lance said, growth hormone, cortisone, EPO, steroids and testosterone."[112]

Armstrong suggested Betsy Andreu may have been confused by possible mention of his post-operative treatment which included steroids and EPO that are taken to counteract wasting and red-blood-cell-destroying effects of intensive chemotherapy.[113] The Andreus' allegation was not supported by any of the eight other people present, including Armstrong's doctor Craig Nichols,[114] or his medical history. According to Greg LeMond (who has been embroiled with his own disputes with Armstrong), he (LeMond) had a recorded conversation, the transcript of which was reviewed by National Public Radio (NPR), with Stephanie McIlvain (Armstrong's contact at Oakley Inc.) in which she said of Armstrong's alleged admission 'You know, I was in that room. I heard it.' However, McIlvain has contradicted LeMond's allegations on the issue and denied under oath that the incident in question ever occurred in her sworn testimony.[112]

In July 2006, the Los Angeles Times published a story on the allegations raised in the SCA case.[115] The report cited evidence at the trial, including the results of the LNDD test and an analysis of these results by an expert witness.[116] From the Los Angeles Times article: "The results, Australian researcher Michael Ashenden testified in Dallas, show Armstrong's levels rising and falling, consistent with a series of injections during the Tour. Ashenden, a paid expert retained by SCA Promotions, told arbitrators that the results painted a "compelling picture" that the world's most famous cyclist "used EPO in the '99 Tour."[115]

Ashenden's finding were disputed by the Vrijman report, which pointed to procedural and privacy issues in dismissing the LNDD test results. The Los Angeles Times article also provided information on testimony given by Armstrong's former teammate, Swart, Andreu and his wife Betsy, and instant messaging conversation between Andreu and Jonathan Vaughters regarding blood-doping in the peloton. Vaughters signed a statement disavowing the comments and stating he had: "no personal knowledge that any team in the Tour de France, including Armstrong's Discovery team in 2005, engaged in any prohibited conduct whatsoever." Andreu signed a statement affirming the conversation took place as indicated on the instant messaging logs submitted to the court.[117]

The SCA trial was settled out of court, and the Los Angeles Times reported: "Though no verdict or finding of facts was rendered, Armstrong called the outcome proof that the doping allegations were baseless." The Los Angeles Times article provides a review of the disputed positive EPO test, allegations and sworn testimony against Armstrong, but notes that: "They are filled with conflicting testimony, hearsay and circumstantial evidence admissible in arbitration hearings but questionable in more formal legal proceedings."[117]

In October 2012, following the publication of the USADA reasoned decision, SCA Promotions announced its intention to recoup the monies paid to Armstrong totaling in excess of $7 million. Armstrong's legal representative Tim Herman stated in June: "When SCA decided to settle the case, it settled the entire matter forever. No backs. No re-dos. No do-overs. SCA knowingly and independently waived any right to make further claims to any of the money it paid."[118] SCA's Jeff Dorough stated that on October 30, 2012, Armstrong was sent a formal request for the return of $12 million in bonuses. It is alleged that Armstrong's legal team has offered a settlement of $1 million.[119][120]

On February 4, 2015, the arbitration panel decided 2–1 in SCA's favor and ordered Armstrong and Tailwind Sports Corp to pay SCA $10 million. The panel's decision was referred to the Texas 116th Civil District Court in Dallas on February 16, 2015, for confirmation. Panel members Richard Faulkner and Richard Chernick sided with SCA; Ted Lyon sided with Armstrong. Armstrong's attorney Tim Herman stated that the panel's ruling was contrary to Texas law and expected that the court would overturn it. The panel's decision said, in part, about Armstrong that, "Perjury must never be profitable" and "it is almost certainly the most devious sustained deception ever perpetrated in world sporting history."[121][122]

On September 27, 2015, Armstrong and SCA agreed to a settlement. Armstrong issued a formal, public apology and agreed to pay SCA an undisclosed sum.[123]

Federal investigation: 2010–2012

Main article: Lance Armstrong doping case § 2010–2012 federal inquiry

In a series of emails in May 2010, Floyd Landis admitted to doping and accused Armstrong and others of the same.[124] Based on Landis's allegations, U.S. Justice Department federal prosecutors led an investigation into possible crimes conducted by Armstrong and the U.S. Postal Service Cycling Team. The Food and Drug Administration and federal agent Jeff Novitzky were also involved in the investigation.[125][126] In June 2010, Armstrong hired a criminal defense attorney to represent him in the investigation.[127] The hiring was first reported in July when Armstrong was competing in the 2010 Tour de France.[128][129]

On February 3, 2012, federal prosecutors officially dropped their criminal investigation with no charges.[130][131] The closing of the case was announced "without an explanation" by U.S. Attorney André Birotte Jr. When Novitzky was asked to comment on it, he declined.[132]

In February 2013, a month after Armstrong admitted to doping, the Justice Department joined Landis's whistleblower lawsuit to recover government funding given to Armstrong's cycling team.[133]

USADA investigation and limited confession: 2011–2013

Main article: Lance Armstrong doping case § USADA investigation 2011–2012

In June 2012, the United States Anti-Doping Agency (USADA) accused Armstrong of doping and trafficking of drugs, based on blood samples from 2009 and 2010, and testimony from witnesses including former teammates. Further, he was accused of putting pressure on teammates to take unauthorized performance-enhancing drugs as well.[134] In October 2012, USADA formally charged him with running a massive doping ring. It also sought to ban him from participating in sports sanctioned by WADA for life. Armstrong chose not to appeal the findings, saying it would not be worth the toll on his family.[7] As a result, he was stripped of all of his achievements from August 1998 onward, including his seven Tour de France titles. He also received a lifetime ban from all sports that follow the World Anti-Doping Code. As nearly all national and international sporting federations, including UCI, follow the World Anti-Doping Code, this effectively ended his competitive cycling career.[8][135] The International Cycling Union (UCI) upheld USADA's decision[9] and decided that his stripped wins would not be allocated to other riders.[N 2][10]

After years of public denials, in a January 2013 interview with Oprah Winfrey, Armstrong reversed course and made a "limited confession" to doping.[136] While admitting wrongdoing in the interview, he also said it was "absolutely not" true that he was doping in 2009 or 2010, and claimed that the last time he "crossed the line" was in 2005.[137][138] He also denied pressuring team-mates into doping. In September 2013, he was asked by UCI's new president, Brian Cookson, to testify about his doping. Armstrong refused to testify until and unless he received complete amnesty, which Cookson said was most unlikely to happen.[N 3][139]

After USADA's report, all of Armstrong's sponsors dropped him. He reportedly lost $75 million of sponsorship income in a day.[140] On May 28, 2013, Nike announced that it would be cutting all ties to Livestrong.[141] In the aftermath of Armstrong's fall from grace, a CNN article wrote that "The epic downfall of cycling's star, once an idolized icon of millions around the globe, stands out in the history of professional sports."[142] In a 2015 interview with BBC News, Armstrong stated that if it was still 1995, he would "probably do it again".[143][144]

Whistleblower lawsuit: 2010–2018

In 2010, one of Armstrong's former teammates, the American Floyd Landis, whose 2006 Tour de France victory was nullified after a positive doping test, sent a series of emails to cycling officials and sponsors admitting to, and detailing, his systematic use of performance-enhancing drugs during his career. The emails also claimed that other riders and cycling officials participated in doping, including Armstrong.[145]

Landis filed a federal whistleblower lawsuit against Armstrong under the federal False Claims Act.[146] The False Claims Act allows citizens to sue on behalf of the government alleging the government has been defrauded. The existence of the lawsuit, initially filed under seal, was first revealed by The Wall Street Journal in 2010. In the lawsuit, Landis alleged that Armstrong and team managers defrauded the US government when they accepted money from the US Postal Service. In January 2013, US Justice Department officials recommended joining the federal lawsuit aimed at clawing back money from Armstrong.[147]

In February, the US Department of Justice joined the whistleblower lawsuit, which also accused former Postal Service team director Johan Bruyneel and Tailwind Sports, the firm that managed the US Postal Service team, of defrauding the US.[148][149]

In April 2014, documents from the AIC case were filed by lawyers representing Landis in relation to the whistleblower suit. In these documents, Armstrong stated under oath that Jose "Pepi" Marti, Dr Pedro Celaya, Dr Luis Garcia del Moral and Dr Michele Ferrari had all provided him with doping products in the period up until 2005. He also named people who had transported or acted as couriers, as well as people that were aware of his doping practices.[150][151][152] One week later, the USADA banned Bruyneel from cycling for ten years and Celaya and Marti for eight years.[153]

In June 2014, US district judge Robert Wilkins denied Armstrong's request to dismiss the government lawsuit stating "The court denies without prejudice the defendants' motion to dismiss the government's action as time-barred."[154]

In February 2017, the court determined that the federal government's US$100 million civil lawsuit against Armstrong, started by Landis, would proceed to trial.[155] The matter was settled in April 2018 when Armstrong agreed to pay the United States Government US$5 million. During the proceedings it was revealed that the US Postal Service had paid US$31 million in sponsorship to Armstrong and Tailwind Sports between 2001 and 2004. The Department of Justice accused Armstrong of violating his contract with the USPS and committing fraud when he denied using performance-enhancing drugs. It was reported that Landis would receive US$1.1 million as a result of his whistleblower actions.[156]

Other lawsuits: 2010 to present

In November 2013, Armstrong settled a lawsuit with Acceptance Insurance Company (AIC). AIC had sought to recover $3 million it had paid Armstrong as bonuses for winning the Tour de France from 1999 to 2001. The suit was settled for an undisclosed sum one day before Armstrong was scheduled to give a deposition under oath.[157][158]

Personal life

 
Armstrong (center) on the set of College GameDay during the 2006 UT football season

Armstrong owns homes in Austin, Texas, and Aspen, Colorado, as well as a ranch in the Texas Hill Country.[159]

Relationships and children

Armstrong met Kristin Richard in June 1997. They married on May 1, 1998, and had three children: a son (born October 1999) and twin daughters (born November 2001). The pregnancies were made possible through sperm Armstrong banked three years earlier, before chemotherapy and surgery.[160] The couple divorced in 2003.[161] At Armstrong's request, his children flew to Paris for the Tour de France podium ceremony in 2005, where his son Luke helped his father hoist the trophy, while his daughters (in yellow dresses) held the stuffed lion mascot and bouquet of yellow flowers.[citation needed]

Lance and Kristin Armstrong announced their divorce in 2003, the same year that Lance began dating singer-songwriter Sheryl Crow.[162] The couple announced their engagement in September 2005 and their split in February 2006.[163]

In July 2008, Armstrong began dating Anna Hansen after meeting through Armstrong's charity work. In December 2008, Armstrong announced that Hansen was pregnant with the couple's first child. Although it was believed that Armstrong could no longer father children due to having undergone chemotherapy for testicular cancer, the child was conceived naturally.[164] They have a son (born June 2009)[165] and a daughter (born October 2010).[166] They were married on August 9, 2022.[167]

Politics

 
President George W. Bush and Armstrong mountain biking at the president's Prairie Chapel Ranch

In a New York Times article, teammate George Hincapie hinted that Armstrong would run for Governor of Texas after cycling. In the July 2005 issue of Outside magazine, Armstrong hinted at running for governor, although "not in '06".[168] Armstrong and former president George W. Bush, a Republican and fellow Texan, call themselves friends. Bush called Armstrong in France to congratulate him after his 2005 victory. In August 2005, The Times reported the President had invited Armstrong to his Prairie Chapel Ranch to go mountain biking.[169] In a 2003 interview with The Observer, Armstrong said: "He's a personal friend, but we've all got the right not to agree with our friends."[170]

In August 2005, Armstrong hinted he had changed his mind about politics. In an interview with Charlie Rose on PBS on August 1, 2005, Armstrong pointed out that running for governor would require the commitment that led him to retire from cycling. Also, in August 2005, Armstrong said that he was no longer considering politics:

The biggest problem with politics or running for the governor—the governor's race here in Austin or in Texas—is that it would mimic exactly what I've done: a ton of stress and a ton of time away from my kids. Why would I want to go from pro cycling, which is stressful and a lot of time away, straight into politics?[171]

Armstrong created a YouTube video in 2007 with former President George H. W. Bush to successfully pass Proposition 15, a US$3 billion taxpayer bond initiative which created the Cancer Prevention and Research Institute of Texas.[172]

 
Armstrong and Congresswoman Nancy Pelosi

Armstrong was co-chair of a California campaign committee to pass the California Cancer Research Act, a ballot measure defeated by California voters on June 5, 2012.[173] Had it passed, the measure was projected to generate over $500 million annually for cancer research, smoking-cessation programs and tobacco law-enforcement by levying a $1-per-pack tax on tobacco products in California.[174]

Armstrong endorsed Democratic Congressman Beto O'Rourke against Republican incumbent Senator Ted Cruz in the 2018 election.[175]

Outside cycling

In 1997, Armstrong founded the Lance Armstrong Foundation, which supports people affected by cancer. The foundation raises awareness of cancer and has raised[176] more than $325 million from the sale of yellow Livestrong bracelets.[177] During his first retirement beginning after the 2005 season, he also maintained other interests. He was the pace car driver of the Chevrolet Corvette Z06 for the 2006 Indianapolis 500. In 2007, Armstrong with Andre Agassi, Muhammad Ali, Warrick Dunn, Jeff Gordon, Mia Hamm, Tony Hawk, Andrea Jaeger, Jackie Joyner-Kersee, Mario Lemieux, Alonzo Mourning, and Cal Ripken Jr. founded Athletes for Hope, a charity that helps professional athletes become involved in charitable causes and aims to inspire non-athletes to volunteer and support the community.[178]

In August 2009, Armstrong headlined the inaugural charity ride "Pelotonia" in Columbus, Ohio, riding over 100 miles on Saturday with the large group of cyclists. He addressed the riders the Friday evening before the two-day ride and helped the ride raise millions for cancer research.[179] Armstrong ran the 2006 New York City Marathon with two friends. He assembled a pace team of Alberto Salazar, Joan Benoit Samuelson, and Hicham El Guerrouj to help him reach three hours. He finished in 2h 59m 36s, in 856th place. He said the race was extremely difficult compared to the Tour de France.[180] The NYC Marathon had a dedicated camera on Armstrong throughout the event which, according to Armstrong, pushed him to continue through points in which he would have normally "stopped and stretched".[181] He also helped raise $600,000 for his LiveStrong campaign during the run. Armstrong ran the 2007 NYC Marathon in 2h 46m 43s, finishing 232nd.[182] On April 21, 2008, he ran the Boston Marathon in 2h 50m 58s, finishing in the top 500.[183]

Armstrong made a return to triathlon in 2011 by competing in the off-road XTERRA Triathlon race series. At the Championships Armstrong led for a time before crashing out on the bike and finishing in 23rd place.[184][185] The following year, in 2012, Armstrong began pursuing qualification into the 2012 Ironman World Championship.[186] He was scheduled to next participate in Ironman France on June 24. However, the June suspension by USADA and eventual ban by WADA prohibited Armstrong from further racing Ironman branded events due to World Triathlon Corporation anti-doping policies.[187]

In July 2011 and July 2013, Armstrong participated in the non-competitive Register's Annual Great Bicycle Ride Across Iowa.[188][189][190]

Business and investments

"10/2" redirects here. For other uses, see 10/2 (disambiguation).

Armstrong owns a coffee shop in downtown Austin, Texas, called "Juan Pelota Cafe". The name is a joking reference to his testicular cancer, with the name "Juan" being considered by some a homophone for "one" and "Pelota" being the Spanish word for "ball".[191] In the same building, Armstrong owns and operates a bike shop named "Mellow Johnny's", after another nickname of his derived from the Tour term "maillot jaune", which is French for yellow jersey, the jersey given to the leader of the general classification.[192]

In 2001, Armstrong provided funding to launch Wonders & Worries, a non-profit organization in Austin, Texas that provides counseling and support for children who have a parent with a serious or life-threatening disease.[193]

A line of cycling clothing from Nike, 10//2, was named after the date (October 2, 1996) that Armstrong was diagnosed with testicular cancer.[citation needed]

In 2008, Armstrong bought several million dollars of stock in the American bicycle component manufacturer SRAM Corporation, and has served as their technical advisor.[194] SRAM bought those shares back from him in preparation for a public offering. Armstrong owns a small share of Trek Bicycle Corporation.[195]

In 2009, Armstrong invested $100,000 into venture capital firm Lowercase Capital, which subsequently bought an early stake in Uber, among other investments. In 2019, Uber achieved an IPO of $82 billion and earned Armstrong an estimated $20-$30 million.[196] According to CNBC, Armstrong said "it saved our family".[197]

Media

In 2017, Armstrong started a podcast named "The Move", which provided daily coverage of the Tour de France in 2018 and 2019.[198] He also appeared—without compensation—on NBC Sports Network's live Tour de France television broadcasts. The UCI indicated the podcast and NBC appearances did not violate the terms of his ban.[199]

Career achievements

Major results

Road

1990
8th Overall Tour of Sweden
1991
1st   Road race, National Junior Road Championships
1992
1st   Overall Fitchburg Longsjo Classic
1st Stage 2
1st First Union Grand Prix
1st Stage 6 Settimana Bergamasca
1st Stage 4a Vuelta a Galicia
1st Stage 2 Trittico Premondiale
2nd Züri-Metzgete
8th Coppa Bernocchi
1993
1st   Road race, UCI Road World Championships
1st   Road race, National Road Championships
1st   Overall Kmart West Virginia Classic
1st Prologue & Stage 1
1st   Overall Tour of America
1st Trofeo Laigueglia
1st Thrift Drug Classic
1st Stage 8 Tour de France
2nd Overall Tour DuPont
1st Stage 5
3rd Overall Tour of Sweden
1st Stage 3
5th Wincanton Classic
9th Overall Paris–Nice
1994
1st Thrift Drug Classic
2nd Overall Tour DuPont
1st Stage 7
2nd Liège–Bastogne–Liège
2nd Clásica de San Sebastián
7th Overall Tour de Suisse
7th Road race, UCI Road World Championships
9th Trofeo Laigueglia
9th Züri-Metzgete
1995
1st   Overall Tour DuPont
1st   Mountains classification
1st Stages 4, 5 (ITT) & 9
1st   Overall Kmart West Virginia Classic
1st Stage 4
1st Clásica de San Sebastián
1st Stage 18 Tour de France
1st Stage 5 Paris–Nice
5th Road race, National Road Championships
6th Liège–Bastogne–Liège
10th Overall Vuelta a Burgos
10th Züri-Metzgete
1996
1st   Overall Tour DuPont
1st Stages 2, 3b (ITT), 5, 6 & 12 (ITT)
1st La Flèche Wallonne
2nd Overall Paris–Nice
2nd Overall Ronde van Nederland
2nd Liège–Bastogne–Liège
2nd Grand Prix Eddy Merckx
4th Overall Tour de Suisse
4th Wincanton Classic
6th Time trial, Olympic Games
8th E3 Prijs Vlaanderen
9th LuK Challenge Chrono (with Sean Yates
1998
1st   Overall Tour de Luxembourg
1st Stage 1
1st   Overall Rheinland-Pfalz Rundfahrt
1st Cascade Cycling Classic
1st Sprint 56K Criterium
4th Overall Ronde van Nederland
Voided results from August 1998 onward
4th Overall Vuelta a España
4th Road race, UCI Road World Road Championships
1999
1st   Overall Tour de France
1st Prologue, Stages 8 (ITT), 9 & 19 (ITT)
1st Stage 4 Route du Sud
1st Stage 4 (ITT) Circuit de la Sarthe
1st RaboRonde Heerlen
2nd Amstel Gold Race
7th Overall Vuelta a Aragón
8th Overall Critérium du Dauphiné Libéré
1st Prologue
2000
1st   Overall Tour de France
1st Stage 19 (ITT)
1st Grand Prix des Nations
1st Grand Prix Eddy Merckx
2nd Paris–Camembert
3rd Overall Critérium du Dauphiné Libéré
1st Stage 3 (ITT)
3rd   Time trial, Olympic Games
3rd Classique des Alpes
4th Grand Prix Gippingen
5th Züri-Metzgete
7th GP Miguel Induráin
2001
1st   Overall Tour de France
1st Stages 10, 11 (ITT), 13 & 18 (ITT)
1st   Overall Tour de Suisse
1st Stages 1 (ITT) & 8 (ITT)
2nd Amstel Gold Race
2nd Classique des Alpes
2002
1st   Overall Tour de France
1st Prologue, Stages 11, 12 & 19 (ITT)
1st   Overall Critérium du Dauphiné Libéré
1st Stage 6
1st   Overall Grand Prix du Midi Libre
1st Profronde van Stiphout
2nd Overall Critérium International
3rd Züri-Metzgete
4th Amstel Gold Race
5th Grand Prix Eddy Merckx
6th San Francisco Grand Prix
8th LuK Challenge Chrono (with Floyd Landis)
2003
1st   Overall Tour de France
1st Stages 4 (TTT) & 15
1st   Overall Critérium du Dauphiné Libéré
1st Stage 3 (ITT)
6th LuK Challenge Chrono (with Viatcheslav Ekimov)
8th Amstel Gold Race
2004
1st   Overall Tour de France
1st Stages 4 (TTT), 13, 15, 16 (ITT), 17 & 19 (ITT)
1st   Overall Tour de Georgia
1st Stages 3 & 4 (ITT)
1st Profronde van Stiphout
3rd Overall Critérium International
4th LuK Challenge Chrono (with George Hincapie)
5th Overall Volta ao Algarve
1st Stage 4 (ITT)
6th Overall Tour du Languedoc-Roussillon
1st Stage 5
2005
1st   Overall Tour de France
1st Stages 4 (TTT) & 20 (ITT)
4th Overall Critérium du Dauphiné Libéré
1st   Points classification
5th Overall Tour de Georgia
2009
1st Nevada City Classic
2nd Overall Tour of the Gila
3rd Overall Tour de France
1st Stage 4 (TTT)
7th Overall Tour of California
2010
2nd Overall Tour de Suisse
3rd Overall Tour de Luxembourg
7th Overall Vuelta a Murcia
Grand Tour general classification results timeline
Grand Tour 1993 1994 1995 1996 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010
  Giro d'Italia — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — 12 —
  Tour de France DNF DNF 36 DNF — 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 — — —  3  23
 /  Vuelta a España — — — —  4  — — — — — — — — — — — —
Legend
— Did not compete
DNF Did not finish
No. Voided result

Triathlon & Ironman

2011
5th XTERRA USA Championships
2012
1st Ironman 70.3 Hawaii
1st Ironman 70.3 Florida
3rd Ironman 70.3 St. Croix
7th Ironman 70.3 Texas
2nd Ironman 70.3 Panama
2nd Power of Four Mountain Bike Race

Mountain Bike

2008
1st 12 Hours of Snowmass
2nd Leadville Trail 100 Mountain Bike Race
2009
1st Colorado Pro Cross-Country Championships
1st Leadville Trail 100 Mountain Bike Race

Filmography

Accolades

Rescinded awards

See also

Notes and references

Notes
  1. ^ Other top riders in the 1999 to 2005 Tours also have been involved in doping scandals. Several riders were banned and some also had their results stripped; some subsequently admitted to doping. Those riders include Jan Ullrich, Marco Pantani, Andreas Klöden, Joseba Beloki, Raimondas Rumšas, Alex Zülle, Ivan Basso, and Alexander Vinokourov. UCI stated that "a cloud of suspicion would remain hanging over that period." And so, while noting that their decision "might appear harsh for those who rode clean", UCI decided "with respect to Lance Armstrong" that those seven Tours would have no official winner, rather than being allocated to other riders.[10][11]
  2. ^ Other top riders in the 1999 to 2005 Tours also have been involved in doping scandals. Several riders were banned and some also had their results stripped; some subsequently admitted to doping. Those riders include Jan Ullrich, Marco Pantani, Andreas Klöden, Joseba Beloki, Raimondas Rumšas, Alex Zülle, Ivan Basso, and Alexander Vinokourov. UCI stated that "a cloud of suspicion would remain hanging over that period." And so, while noting that their decision "might appear harsh for those who rode clean", UCI decided "with respect to Lance Armstrong" that those seven Tours would have no official winner, rather than being allocated to other riders.[10][11]
  3. ^ In return for co-operating with USADA (during its investigation in 2012), Armstrong's teammates were given reduced bans in line with WADA guidelines allowing reduction of ban for "Significant Co-Operation". Armstrong made demands in return for testifying completely. Brian Cookson of the UCI said that it was most unlikely that the USADA would agree to Armstrong's demands. In response to that, Armstrong refused to testify.
References
  1. ^ Fotheringham, William (2011). Cyclopedia: It's All about the Bike. Chicago Review Press. p. 18. ISBN 978-1-56976-948-5.
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  3. ^ a b . Letour.fr. Archived from the original on January 12, 2012. Retrieved November 10, 2012.
  4. ^ "Lance Armstrong Fast Facts". CNN. January 17, 2013.
  5. ^ "Lance Armstrong". BBC Sport. Retrieved June 30, 2012.
  6. ^ "Lance Armstrong: USADA report labels him 'a serial cheat'". BBC News. October 11, 2012. Retrieved November 10, 2012.
  7. ^ a b Macur, Juliet (August 23, 2012). "Armstrong Drops Fight Against Doping Charges". The New York Times. Retrieved August 23, 2012.
  8. ^ a b "Lance Armstrong Receives Lifetime Ban And Disqualification Of Competitive Results For Doping Violations Stemming From His Involvement In The United States Postal Service Pro-Cycling Team Doping Conspiracy, USADA". Usada.org. August 24, 2012. Retrieved November 10, 2012. the UCI recognized a decision from the U.S. Anti-Doping Agency
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  23. ^ Samuel Abt (October 9, 1996). "Armstrong Acknowledges Cancer Battle". The New York Times. Retrieved January 27, 2012.
  24. ^ . Livestrong Foundation. Archived from the original on January 6, 2014. Retrieved January 18, 2014.
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  26. ^ a b "Inside Cycling with John Wilcockson: Armstrong's 25-year journey is over | VeloNews.com". VeloNews.com. February 17, 2011. Retrieved October 6, 2017.
  27. ^ "Barbara and Steven W." Livestrong Foundation. Retrieved January 18, 2014.
  28. ^ Armstrong & Jenkins 2001, pp. 94–95.
  29. ^ Armstrong & Jenkins 2001, pp. 108–109.
  30. ^ "Lance Armstrong & David Agus at TEDMED 2011". YouTube. Archived from the original on October 30, 2021. Retrieved January 18, 2014.
  31. ^ a b Lance Armstrong, Sally Jenkins: It's Not About the Bike: My Journey Back to Life (ISBN 0-425-17961-3), Putnam 2000.
  32. ^ Armstrong & Jenkins 2001, p. 118.
  33. ^ . Societyns.org. Archived from the original on November 28, 2010. Retrieved November 10, 2012.
  34. ^ Armstrong & Jenkins 2001, p. 154.
  35. ^ "Armstrong back in training". cyclingnews.com. January 11, 1997. Retrieved October 23, 2019.
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  39. ^ Philip Hersh (July 25, 1999). "In The End, Armstrong Had Support From Start". Chicago Tribune.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  40. ^ "Rider Lance Armstrong". procyclingstats.com. February 24, 2022.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  41. ^ This 3rd place result in the Vélo d'Or voting was later revoked
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  43. ^ "2002 Tour de France results". bikeraceinfo.com. Retrieved July 17, 2017.
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Bibliography

Further reading

External links

  • Official website  
  • The Lance Armstrong Foundation
  • Lance Armstrong at Cycling Archives  
  • Lance Armstrong at Olympics.com
  • Lance Armstrong at Olympedia  
  • Lance Armstrong at IMDb  
  • USADA – U.S. Postal Service Pro Cycling Team Investigation – Reasoned Decision
  • Kimmage, Paul. "Tour gears up for return of Lance Armstrong", The Sunday Times, July 5, 2009.
  • oprah.com
  • Stop at Nothing – The Lance Armstrong Story at IMDb
Awards and achievements
Preceded by William Hill Sports Book of the Year winner
2000 		Succeeded by
Preceded by USOC Sportsman of the Year
1999
2001–2003 		Succeeded by
Preceded by Prince of Asturias Award for Sports
2000 		Succeeded by

April 27, 2023
lance, armstrong, australian, politician, politician, lance, edward, armstrong, gunderson, born, september, 1971, american, former, professional, road, racing, cyclist, became, globally, famous, winning, tour, france, seven, consecutive, times, from, 1999, 200. For the Australian politician see Lance Armstrong politician Lance Edward Armstrong ne Gunderson born September 18 1971 4 is an American former professional road racing cyclist He became globally famous for winning the Tour de France seven consecutive times from 1999 to 2005 after recovering from testicular cancer He was later stripped of all his titles when an investigation found that he had used performance enhancing drugs over his career Lance ArmstrongArmstrong before the 2009 Tour Down UnderPersonal informationFull nameLance Edward ArmstrongNicknameLe Boss 1 Big Tex 2 BornLance Edward Gunderson 1971 09 18 September 18 1971 age 51 Richardson Texas U S Height1 77 m 5 ft 9 1 2 in 3 Weight75 kg 165 lb 3 Team informationDisciplineRoadRoleRiderRider typeAll rounderAmateur teams1990 1991Subaru Montgomery1991US National TeamProfessional teams1992 1996Motorola1997Cofidis1998 2005U S Postal Service2009Astana2010 2011Team RadioShackMajor winsGrand Tour Tour de France2 individual stages 1993 1995 dd Stage races Tour de Luxembourg 1998 Tour DuPont 1995 1996 One day races and Classics World Road Race Championships 1993 National Road Race Championships 1993 Clasica de San Sebastian 1995 La Fleche Wallonne 1996 Trofeo Laigueglia 1993 Medal record Representing United StatesMen s CyclingWorld Championships1993 Oslo Elite Men s Road RaceOlympic GamesDisqualified 2000 Sydney Men s time trialAt age 16 Armstrong began competing as a triathlete and was a national sprint course triathlon champion in 1989 and 1990 In 1992 he began his career as a professional cyclist with the Motorola team He had success between 1993 and 1996 with the World Championship in 1993 the Clasica de San Sebastian in 1995 Tour DuPont in 1995 and 1996 and a handful of stage victories in Europe including stage 8 of the 1993 Tour de France and stage 18 of the 1995 Tour de France In 1996 he was diagnosed with a potentially fatal metastatic testicular cancer After his recovery he founded the Lance Armstrong Foundation now the Livestrong Foundation to assist other cancer survivors Returning to cycling in 1998 Armstrong was a member of the US Postal Discovery team between 1998 and 2005 when he won his seven Tour de France titles Armstrong retired from racing at the end of the 2005 Tour de France but returned to competitive cycling with the Astana team in January 2009 finishing third in the 2009 Tour de France later that year Between 2010 and 2011 he raced with Team Radio Shack and retired for a second time in 2011 Armstrong became the subject of doping allegations after he won the 1999 Tour de France For years he denied involvement in doping In 2012 a United States Anti Doping Agency USADA investigation concluded that Armstrong had used performance enhancing drugs over the course of his career 5 and named him as the ringleader of the most sophisticated professionalized and successful doping program that sport has ever seen 6 While maintaining his innocence Armstrong chose not to contest the charges citing the potential toll on his family 7 He received a lifetime ban from all sports that follow the World Anti Doping Code ending his competitive cycling career 8 The International Cycling Union UCI upheld USADA s decision 9 and decided that his stripped wins would not be allocated to other riders N 1 10 In January 2013 Armstrong publicly admitted his involvement in doping In April 2018 Armstrong settled a civil lawsuit with the United States Department of Justice and agreed to pay US 5 million to the U S government after whistleblower proceedings were commenced by Floyd Landis a former team member Contents 1 Early life 2 Career 2 1 Early career 2 2 Motorola 1992 96 2 3 Cancer diagnosis treatment and recovery 2 4 US Postal Discovery 1998 2005 2 5 Comeback 2 5 1 Astana Pro Team 2009 2 5 2 Team RadioShack 2010 11 2 6 Collaboration of sponsors 3 Doping allegations investigation and confession 3 1 Working with Michele Ferrari 3 2 L A Confidentiel 2004 3 3 Tour de France urine tests 2005 3 4 SCA Promotions case 2005 2015 3 5 Federal investigation 2010 2012 3 6 USADA investigation and limited confession 2011 2013 3 7 Whistleblower lawsuit 2010 2018 3 8 Other lawsuits 2010 to present 4 Personal life 4 1 Relationships and children 4 2 Politics 4 3 Outside cycling 4 4 Business and investments 5 Media 6 Career achievements 6 1 Major results 6 1 1 Road 6 1 1 1 Grand Tour general classification results timeline 6 1 2 Triathlon amp Ironman 6 1 3 Mountain Bike 7 Filmography 8 Accolades 9 See also 10 Notes and references 11 Bibliography 12 Further reading 13 External linksEarly lifeArmstrong was born Lance Edward Gunderson on September 18 1971 at Methodist Hospital in Richardson Texas 12 the son of Linda Gayle nee Mooneyham a secretary and Eddie Charles Gunderson died 2012 citation needed a route manager for The Dallas Morning News He is of Canadian Dutch and Norwegian descent 13 He was named after Lance Rentzel a Dallas Cowboys wide receiver His parents divorced in 1973 when Lance was two He had attended Plano East Senior High School 14 CareerEarly career Armstrong center left during the amateur race at the 1990 UCI Road World Championships At the age of 12 Armstrong started his sporting career as a swimmer at the City of Plano Swim Club and finished fourth in Texas state 1 500 meter freestyle He stopped swimming only races after seeing a poster for a junior triathlon called the Iron Kids Triathlon which he won at age 13 15 In the 1987 1988 Tri Fed Texas Tri Fed was the former name of USA Triathlon Armstrong was ranked the number one triathlete in the 19 and under group second place was Chann McRae who became a US Postal Service cycling teammate and the 2002 USPRO national champion Armstrong s total points in 1987 as an amateur were better than those of five professionals ranked higher than he was that year At 16 Lance Armstrong became a professional triathlete and became national sprint course triathlon champion in 1989 and 1990 at 18 and 19 respectively 16 Motorola 1992 96 In 1992 Armstrong turned professional with the Motorola Cycling Team the successor of 7 Eleven team In 1993 Armstrong won 10 one day events and stage races but his breakthrough victory was the World Road Race Championship held in Norway Before his World Championships win he took his first win at the Tour de France in the stage from Chalons sur Marne to Verdun He was 97th in the general classification when he retired after stage 12 He collected the Thrift Drug Triple Crown of Cycling the Thrift Drug Classic in Pittsburgh the K Mart West Virginia Classic and the CoreStates USPRO national championship in Philadelphia He is alleged by another cyclist competing in the CoreStates Road Race to have bribed that cyclist so that he would not compete with Armstrong for the win 17 In 1994 he again won the Thrift Drug Classic and came second in the Tour DuPont in the United States His successes in Europe occurred when he placed second in Liege Bastogne Liege and the Clasica de San Sebastian where just two years before he had finished in last place at his first all pro event in Europe He finished the year strongly at the World Championships in Agrigento finishing in 7th place less than a minute behind winner Luc Leblanc citation needed In a 2016 speech to University of Colorado Boulder professor Roger A Pielke Jr s Introduction to Sports Governance class Armstrong stated he began doping in late Spring of 1995 18 He won the Clasica de San Sebastian in 1995 followed by an overall victory in the penultimate Tour DuPont and a handful of stage victories in Europe including the stage to Limoges in the Tour de France three days after the death of his teammate Fabio Casartelli who crashed on the descent of the Col de Portet d Aspet on the 15th stage 19 After winning the stage Armstrong pointed to the sky in honor of Casartelli 20 Armstrong s successes were much the same in 1996 He became the first American to win the La Fleche Wallonne and again won the Tour DuPont However he was able to compete for only five days in the Tour de France In the 1996 Olympic Games he finished 6th in the time trial and 12th in the road race 21 In August 1996 following the Leeds Classic Armstrong signed a 2 year 2 million deal with the French Cofidis Cycling Team 22 Joining him in signing contracts with the French team were teammates Frankie Andreu and Laurent Madouas Two months later in October 1996 he was diagnosed with advanced testicular cancer citation needed Cancer diagnosis treatment and recovery On October 2 1996 at the age of 25 Armstrong was diagnosed with stage three advanced testicular cancer embryonal carcinoma 23 The cancer had spread to his lymph nodes lungs brain and abdomen 24 He visited urologist Jim Reeves in Austin Texas for diagnosis of his symptoms including a headache blurred vision coughing up blood and a swollen testicle 25 On October 3 Armstrong had an orchiectomy to remove the diseased testicle 26 When Reeves was asked in a later interview what he thought Armstrong s chances of survival were he said Almost none We told Lance initially 20 to 50 chance mainly to give him hope But with the kind of cancer he had with the x rays the blood tests almost no hope 25 26 After receiving a letter from Steven Wolff an oncologist at Vanderbilt University 27 Armstrong went to the Indiana University medical center in Indianapolis 28 and decided to receive the rest of his treatment there The standard treatment for Armstrong s cancer was a cocktail of the drugs bleomycin etoposide and cisplatin or Platinol BEP The first chemotherapy cycle that Armstrong underwent included BEP but for the three remaining cycles he was given an alternative vinblastine etoposide ifosfamide and cisplatin VIP to avoid lung toxicity associated with bleomycin 29 Armstrong credited this with saving his cycling career 30 At Indiana University Lawrence Einhorn had pioneered the use of cisplatin to treat testicular cancer Armstrong s primary oncologist there was Craig Nichols 31 On October 25 32 his brain lesions which were found to contain extensive necrosis were surgically removed by Scott A Shapiro 33 a professor of neurosurgery at Indiana University Armstrong s final chemotherapy treatment took place on December 13 1996 34 In January 1997 Armstrong unexpectedly appeared at the first training camp of the Cofidis team at Lille riding 100 km 62 mi with his new teammates before returning to the United States 35 36 In February 1997 he was declared cancer free In October Cofidis announced that his contract would not be extended after negotiations broke down over a new deal 22 A former boss at Subaru Montgomery offered him a contract with the US Postal team at a salary of 200 000 a year By January 1998 Armstrong was engaged in serious training for racing moving to Europe with the team 31 US Postal Discovery 1998 2005 Before his cancer treatment Armstrong had participated in four Tour de France races winning two stages In 1993 he won the eighth stage and in 1995 he took stage 18 which he dedicated to teammate Fabio Casartelli who had crashed and died on stage 15 Armstrong dropped out of the 1996 Tour after the fifth stage after becoming ill a few months before his diagnosis citation needed Armstrong finishing third in Sete taking over the Yellow Jersey at Grand Prix Midi Libre Armstrong s cycling comeback began in 1998 and he entered the 1998 edition of Paris Nice but could not compete at such an elite level and abandoned the race 37 He then abandoned Europe with his fiance and returned to Texas where he contemplated retirement Not long after returning to the United States Armstrong entered seclusion near Beech Mountain and Boone North Carolina 38 with former Tour de France rider Bob Roll as well as Chris Carmichael and trained in the Appalachian Mountains 39 In May 1998 Armstrong held his 2nd charity race for cancer research in Austin Texas The Race for the Roses Greg LeMond Irish cycling legend Sean Kelly and five time Tour champion Miguel Indurain were the most important cyclists at the event LeMond said it was a good reason to get cyclists together went on to say that life doesn t always deal the cards out equal and who knows if Armstrong will get back to the highest level maybe he retires next year During an interview Armstrong said the rider he admires the most is Laurent Jalabert saying that when he s riding well he s the fiercest competitor in the bunch He then entered and won the Tour of Luxembourg 37 During the 1998 Vuelta a Espana Armstrong shocked the cycling world by finishing in the top 5 during one ITT the top 10 in another and for the most part staying with the GC contenders in the mountains en route to finishing 4th overall His credibility as a threat was confirmed when he finished 4th in both the road race and time trial at the World Championships 40 As a result of these efforts Armstrong finished 3rd in the voting for the Velo d Or 41 In 1999 he won the Tour de France including four stages He beat the second place rider Alex Zulle by 7 minutes 37 seconds However the absence of Jan Ullrich injury and Marco Pantani drug allegations meant Armstrong had not yet proven himself against the biggest names in the sport Stage wins included the prologue stage eight an individual time trial in Metz an Alpine stage on stage nine and the second individual time trial on stage 19 42 In 2000 Ullrich and Pantani returned to challenge Armstrong The race began a six year rivalry between Ullrich and Armstrong and ended in victory for Armstrong by 6 minutes 2 seconds over Ullrich Armstrong took one stage in the 2000 Tour the second individual time trial on stage 19 In 2001 Armstrong again took top honors beating Ullrich by 6 minutes 44 seconds In 2002 Ullrich did not participate due to suspension and Armstrong won by seven minutes over Joseba Beloki 43 During stage eleven and twelve of this Tour is when the race was won as US Postal had Vuelta champ Roberto Heras lead Armstrong up both climbs breaking the peloton in the process Then when Heras work was done Armstrong took off to claim the stage wins only having to contend with Beloki Armstrong riding the prologue of the 2004 Tour de France The pattern returned in 2003 Armstrong taking first place and Ullrich second Only a minute and a second separated the two at the end of the final day in Paris U S Postal won the team time trial on stage 4 and on stage 9 Armstrong nearly crashed out of the Tour while defending the yellow jersey He was less than a minute ahead of Beloki and Alexander Vinokourov was on a solo attack threatening to overtake Armstrong in the standings While traversing the Cote de la Rochette Beloki crashed violently and hard ending his Tour and sending him to the hospital with serious injuries 44 Armstrong narrowly avoided the same fate by reacting in time to avoid Beloki but to do so he went off the road and ended up on a foot trail which led downhill through a field He survived upright on his bike nearly to the end at which time he picked it up and carried it the rest of the way to the road at the bottom of the hairpin turn essentially losing no time as a result He could have been fined or penalized for taking a shortcut but it was deemed unintentional 45 Armstrong maintained a gap of only 0 21 over Vinokourov but Ullrich was emerging as the most likely rider to overthrow Armstrong Armstrong then took stage 15 despite having been knocked off on the ascent to Luz Ardiden the final climb when a spectator s bag caught his right handlebar Ullrich waited for him which brought Ullrich fair play honors 46 In 2004 Armstrong finished first 6 minutes 19 seconds ahead of German Andreas Kloden Ullrich was fourth a further 2 minutes 31 seconds behind Armstrong won a personal best five individual stages plus the team time trial He became the first biker since Gino Bartali in 1948 to win three consecutive mountain stages 15 16 and 17 The individual time trial on stage 16 up Alpe d Huez was won in style by Armstrong as he passed Ivan Basso on the way despite having set out two minutes after the Italian He won sprint finishes from Basso in stages 13 and 15 and made up a significant gap in the last 250 m to nip Kloden at the line in stage 17 He won the final individual time trial stage 19 to complete his personal record of stage wins 47 Armstrong wearing the yellow jersey at the 2005 Tour de France In 2005 Armstrong was beaten by American David Zabriskie in the stage 1 time trial by two seconds despite having passed Ullrich on the road His Discovery Channel team won the team time trial while Armstrong won the final individual time trial In the mountain stages Armstrong s lead was attacked multiple times mostly by Ivan Basso but also by T mobile leaders Jan Ullrich Andreas Kloden and Alexandre Vinokourov and former teammate Levi Leipheimer But still the American champion handled them well maintained his lead and on some occasions increased it To complete his record breaking feat he crossed the line on the Champs Elysees on July 24 to win his seventh consecutive Tour finishing 4 m 40s ahead of Basso with Ullrich third Another record achieved that year was that Armstrong completed the tour at the highest pace in the race s history his average speed over the whole tour was 41 7 km h 26 mph 48 In 2005 Armstrong announced he would retire after the 2005 Tour de France 49 citing his desire to spend more time with his family and his foundation 50 During his retirement he diverted his attention away from the happenings in professional cycling however whilst at a conference in 2008 he saw Carlos Sastre s win on Alpe d Huez and felt a pang 50 Comeback Astana Pro Team 2009 See also 2009 Astana season Armstrong announced on September 9 2008 that he would return to pro cycling with the express goal of participating in the 2009 Tour de France 51 52 VeloNews reported that Armstrong would race for no salary or bonuses and would post his internally tested blood results online 52 Armstrong riding for Astana on Stage 17 of the 2009 Tour de France Australian ABC radio reported on September 24 2008 that Armstrong would compete in the UCI Tour Down Under through Adelaide and surrounding areas in January 2009 UCI rules say a cyclist has to be in an anti doping program for six months before an event but UCI allowed Armstrong to compete 53 He had to retire from the 2009 Vuelta a Castilla y Leon during the first stage after crashing in a rider pileup in Baltanas Spain and breaking his collarbone 54 Armstrong flew back to Austin Texas for corrective surgery which was successful and was back training on a bicycle within four days of his operation On April 10 2009 a controversy emerged between the French anti doping agency AFLD and Armstrong and his team manager Johan Bruyneel stemming from a March 17 2009 encounter with an AFLD anti doping official who visited Armstrong after a training ride in Beaulieu sur Mer When the official arrived Armstrong claims he asked and was granted permission to take a shower while Bruyneel checked the official s credentials In late April the AFLD cleared Armstrong of any wrongdoing 55 Armstrong returned to racing after his collarbone injury at the Tour of the Gila in New Mexico on April 29 56 On July 7 in the fourth stage of the 2009 Tour de France Armstrong narrowly failed to win the yellow jersey after his Astana team won the team time trial His Astana team won the 39 km lap of Montpellier but Armstrong ended up just over two tenths of a second 0 22 outside Fabian Cancellara s overall lead 57 Armstrong finished the 2009 Tour de France on the podium in 3rd place The only riders able to drop him were Andy Schleck who was able to defeat him by 1 13 and his own Astana teammate Alberto Contador who won the Tour by more than four minutes over Schleck citation needed Team RadioShack 2010 11 Armstong riding in the 2010 Tour de France in his RadioShack jersey On July 21 2009 Armstrong announced that he would return to the Tour de France in 2010 58 RadioShack was named as the main sponsor for Armstrong s 2010 team named Team RadioShack 59 Armstrong made his 2010 season debut at the Tour Down Under where he finished 25th out of the 127 riders who completed the race He made his European season debut at the 2010 Vuelta a Murcia finishing in seventh place overall Armstrong was also set to compete in several classics such as the Milan San Remo Amstel Gold Race Liege Bastogne Liege and the Tour of Flanders but bouts with gastroenteritis forced his withdrawal from three of the four races 60 Armstrong returned to the United States in mid April to compete in the Tour of Gila and May s Tour of California both as preparation for the Tour de France However he crashed outside Visalia early in stage 5 of the Tour of California and had to withdraw from the race 61 He showed fine shape after recovering from the Tour of California crash placing second in the Tour of Switzerland and third in the Tour of Luxembourg On June 28 Armstrong announced via Twitter that the 2010 edition would be his final Tour de France 62 Armstrong put in an impressive performance in the Tour s prologue time trial finishing fourth Only time trial specialists were able to better Armstrong s time and he was the highest placed of the GC contenders with a young relatively unknown rider Geraint Thomas finishing one second behind him and Contador four seconds slower In all eight of Armstrong s Tours since his comeback in 1999 he always had the requisite good luck early in the Tour and never got involved in crashes or mechanicals which could cost him serious time In 2010 his luck ran out early as he lost serious time due to the aftermath and peloton splits caused by a crash on stage 3 63 and then another crash on stage 8 He rallied for the brutal Pyrenean stage 16 working as a key player in a successful break that included teammate Chris Horner He finished his last tour in 23rd place 39 minutes 20 seconds behind former winner Alberto Contador 64 He was also a key rider in helping Team RadioShack win the team competition beating Caisse d Epargne by 9 minutes 15 seconds In October he announced the end of his international career after the Tour Down Under in January 2011 He stated that after January 2011 he will race only in the U S with the Radioshack domestic team 65 Armstrong announced his retirement from competitive cycling for good on February 16 2011 while still facing a US federal investigation into doping allegations 66 67 Collaboration of sponsors Armstrong improved the support behind his well funded teams asking sponsors and suppliers to contribute and act as part of the team 68 For example rather than having the frame handlebars and tires designed and developed by separate companies with little interaction his teams adopted a Formula One relationship with sponsors and suppliers named F One 69 taking full advantage of the combined resources of several organizations working in close communication The team Trek Nike AMD Bontrager a Trek company Shimano Sram Giro and Oakley collaborated for an array of products citation needed Doping allegations investigation and confessionMain articles History of Lance Armstrong doping allegations and Lance Armstrong doping case For much of his career Armstrong faced persistent allegations of doping 70 Armstrong denied all such allegations until January 2013 often claiming that he never had any positive test in the drug tests he has taken over his cycling career 71 Armstrong has been criticized for his disagreements with outspoken opponents of doping such as Paul Kimmage 72 73 and Christophe Bassons 74 75 Bassons was a rider for Festina at the time of the Festina affair and was widely reported by teammates as being the only rider on the team not to be taking performance enhancing drugs Bassons wrote a number of articles for a French newspaper during the 1999 Tour de France which made references to doping in the peloton Subsequently Armstrong had an altercation with Bassons during the 1999 Tour de France where Bassons said Armstrong rode up alongside on the Alpe d Huez stage to tell him it was a mistake to speak out the way I Bassons do and he Armstrong asked why I was doing it I told him that I m thinking of the next generation of riders Then he said Why don t you leave then 76 77 Armstrong confirmed the story On the main evening news on TF1 a national television station Armstrong said His accusations aren t good for cycling for his team for me for anybody If he thinks cycling works like that he s wrong and he would be better off going home 78 Kimmage a professional cyclist in the 1980s who later became a sports journalist referred to Armstrong as a cancer in cycling 75 He also asked Armstrong questions in relation to his admiration for dopers at a press conference at the Tour of California in 2009 provoking a scathing reaction from Armstrong 75 This spat continued and is exemplified by Kimmage s articles in The Irish Independent 79 Armstrong continued to deny the use of illegal performance enhancing drugs for four more years describing himself as the most tested athlete in the world 80 From his return to cycling in the fall of 2008 through March 2009 Armstrong claimed to have submitted to 24 unannounced drug tests by various anti doping authorities 81 82 Working with Michele Ferrari Armstrong was criticized for working with controversial trainer Michele Ferrari Ferrari claimed that he was introduced to Lance by Eddy Merckx in 1995 83 Greg LeMond described himself as devastated on hearing of them working together while Tour de France organizer Jean Marie Leblanc said I am not happy the two names are mixed 84 Following Ferrari s later overturned conviction for sporting fraud and abuse of the medical profession Armstrong claimed he suspended his professional relationship with him saying that he had zero tolerance for anyone convicted of using or facilitating the use of performance enhancing drugs and denying that Ferrari had ever suggested prescribed or provided me with any performance enhancing drugs 85 Though Ferrari was banned from practicing medicine with cyclists by the Italian Cycling Federation according to Italian law enforcement authorities Armstrong met with Ferrari as late as 2010 in a country outside Italy 86 According to Cycling News USADA reveals an intimate role played by Dr Michele Ferrari in masterminding Armstrong s Tour de France success According to the USADA report Armstrong paid Ferrari over a million dollars from 1996 to 2006 countering Armstrong s claim that he severed his professional relationship with Ferrari in 2004 The report also includes numerous eyewitness accounts of Ferrari injecting Armstrong with EPO on a number of occasions 87 L A Confidentiel 2004 Main article L A Confidentiel In 2004 reporters Pierre Ballester and David Walsh published a book alleging Armstrong had used performance enhancing drugs L A Confidentiel Les secrets de Lance Armstrong Another figure in the book Steve Swart claims he and other riders including Armstrong began using drugs in 1995 while members of the Motorola team a claim denied by other team members 88 89 Among the allegations in the book were claims by Armstrong s former soigneur Emma O Reilly that a backdated prescription for cortisone had been produced in 1999 to avoid a positive test A 1999 urine sample at the Tour de France showed traces of corticosteroid A medical certificate showed he used an approved cream for saddle sores which contained the substance 90 O Reilly said she heard team officials worrying about Armstrong s positive test for steroids during the Tour She said They were in a panic saying What are we going to do What are we going to do 91 According to O Reilly the solution was to get one of their compliant doctors to issue a pre dated prescription for a steroid based ointment to combat saddle sores He said she would have known if Armstrong had saddle sores as she would have administered any treatment for it O Reilly said that Armstrong told her Now Emma you know enough to bring me down O Reilly said on other occasions she was asked to dispose of used syringes for Armstrong and pick up strange parcels for the team 92 Allegations in the book were reprinted in The Sunday Times UK by deputy sports editor Alan English in June 2004 Armstrong sued for libel and the paper settled out of court after a High Court judge in a pre trial ruling stated that the article meant accusation of guilt and not simply reasonable grounds to suspect 93 The newspaper s lawyers issued the statement The Sunday Times has confirmed to Mr Armstrong that it never intended to accuse him of being guilty of taking any performance enhancing drugs and sincerely apologized for any such impression The same authors Pierre Ballester and David Walsh subsequently published L A Official and Le Sale Tour The Dirty Trick further pressing their claims that Armstrong used performance enhancing drugs throughout his career citation needed On March 31 2005 Mike Anderson filed a brief 94 in Travis County District Court in Texas as part of a legal battle following his termination in November 2004 as an employee of Armstrong Anderson worked for Armstrong for two years as a personal assistant In the brief Anderson claimed that he discovered a box of androstenin while cleaning a bathroom in Armstrong s apartment in Girona Spain 95 Androstenin is not on the list of banned drugs Anderson stated in a subsequent deposition that he had no direct knowledge of Armstrong using a banned substance Armstrong denied the claim and issued a counter suit 96 The two men reached an out of court settlement in November 2005 the terms of the agreement were not disclosed 97 In November 2012 Times Newspapers republished all of Walsh s articles as well as the original LA Confidential article by Alan English in Lanced The shaming of Lance Armstrong 98 The Times is said to be considering taking action to recoup money from Armstrong in relation to the settlement and court costs 99 In December 2012 The Sunday Times filed suit against Armstrong for 1 5 million In its suit the paper is seeking a return of the original settlement plus interest and the cost of defending the original case 100 In August 2013 Armstrong and The Sunday Times reached an undisclosed settlement 101 Tour de France urine tests 2005 On August 23 2005 L Equipe a major French daily sports newspaper reported on its front page under the headline le mensonge Armstrong The Armstrong Lie that six urine samples taken from the cyclist during the prologue and five stages of the 1999 Tour de France frozen and stored since at Laboratoire national de depistage du dopage de Chatenay Malabry LNDD had tested positive for erythropoietin EPO in recent retesting conducted as part of a research project into EPO testing methods 102 103 Armstrong immediately replied on his website saying Unfortunately the witch hunt continues and tomorrow s article is nothing short of tabloid journalism The paper even admits in its own article that the science in question here is faulty and that I have no way to defend myself They state There will therefore be no counter exam nor regulatory prosecutions in a strict sense since defendant s rights cannot be respected I will simply restate what I have said many times I have never taken performance enhancing drugs 104 In October 2005 in response to calls from the International Olympic Committee and the World Anti Doping Agency WADA for an independent investigation the UCI appointed Dutch lawyer Emile Vrijman to investigate the handling of urine tests by the French national anti doping laboratory LNDD Vrijman was head of the Dutch anti doping agency for ten years since then he has worked as a defense attorney defending high profile athletes against doping charges 105 Vrijman s report cleared Armstrong because of improper handling and testing 106 107 The report said tests on urine samples were conducted improperly and fell so short of scientific standards that it was completely irresponsible to suggest they constitute evidence of anything 108 The recommendation of the commission s report was no disciplinary action against any rider on the basis of LNDD research It also called upon the WADA and LNDD to submit themselves to an investigation by an outside independent authority 109 The IOC Ethics Commission subsequently censured Dick Pound the President of WADA and a member of the IOC for his statements in the media that suggested wrongdoing by Armstrong In April 2009 anti doping expert 110 Michael Ashenden said the LNDD absolutely had no way of knowing athlete identity from the sample they re given They have a number on them but that s never linked to an athlete s name The only group that had both the number and the athlete s name is the federation in this case it was the UCI He added There was only two conceivable ways that synthetic EPO could ve gotten into those samples One is that Lance Armstrong used EPO during the 99 Tour The other way it could ve got in the urine was if as Lance Armstrong seems to believe the laboratory spiked those samples Now that s an extraordinary claim and there s never ever been any evidence the laboratory has ever spiked an athlete s sample even during the Cold War where you would ve thought there was a real political motive to frame an athlete from a different country There s never been any suggestion that it happened 111 SCA Promotions case 2005 2015 In June 2006 French newspaper Le Monde reported claims by Betsy and Frankie Andreu during a deposition that Armstrong had admitted to using performance enhancing drugs to his physician just after brain surgery in 1996 The Andreus testimony was related to litigation between Armstrong and SCA Promotions a Texas company attempting to withhold a 5 million bonus this was settled out of court with SCA paying Armstrong and Tailwind Sports 7 5 million to cover the 5 million bonus plus interest and lawyers fees The testimony stated And so the doctor asked him a few questions not many and then one of the questions he asked was have you ever used any performance enhancing drugs And Lance said yes And the doctor asked what were they And Lance said growth hormone cortisone EPO steroids and testosterone 112 Armstrong suggested Betsy Andreu may have been confused by possible mention of his post operative treatment which included steroids and EPO that are taken to counteract wasting and red blood cell destroying effects of intensive chemotherapy 113 The Andreus allegation was not supported by any of the eight other people present including Armstrong s doctor Craig Nichols 114 or his medical history According to Greg LeMond who has been embroiled with his own disputes with Armstrong he LeMond had a recorded conversation the transcript of which was reviewed by National Public Radio NPR with Stephanie McIlvain Armstrong s contact at Oakley Inc in which she said of Armstrong s alleged admission You know I was in that room I heard it However McIlvain has contradicted LeMond s allegations on the issue and denied under oath that the incident in question ever occurred in her sworn testimony 112 In July 2006 the Los Angeles Times published a story on the allegations raised in the SCA case 115 The report cited evidence at the trial including the results of the LNDD test and an analysis of these results by an expert witness 116 From the Los Angeles Times article The results Australian researcher Michael Ashenden testified in Dallas show Armstrong s levels rising and falling consistent with a series of injections during the Tour Ashenden a paid expert retained by SCA Promotions told arbitrators that the results painted a compelling picture that the world s most famous cyclist used EPO in the 99 Tour 115 Ashenden s finding were disputed by the Vrijman report which pointed to procedural and privacy issues in dismissing the LNDD test results The Los Angeles Times article also provided information on testimony given by Armstrong s former teammate Swart Andreu and his wife Betsy and instant messaging conversation between Andreu and Jonathan Vaughters regarding blood doping in the peloton Vaughters signed a statement disavowing the comments and stating he had no personal knowledge that any team in the Tour de France including Armstrong s Discovery team in 2005 engaged in any prohibited conduct whatsoever Andreu signed a statement affirming the conversation took place as indicated on the instant messaging logs submitted to the court 117 The SCA trial was settled out of court and the Los Angeles Times reported Though no verdict or finding of facts was rendered Armstrong called the outcome proof that the doping allegations were baseless The Los Angeles Times article provides a review of the disputed positive EPO test allegations and sworn testimony against Armstrong but notes that They are filled with conflicting testimony hearsay and circumstantial evidence admissible in arbitration hearings but questionable in more formal legal proceedings 117 In October 2012 following the publication of the USADA reasoned decision SCA Promotions announced its intention to recoup the monies paid to Armstrong totaling in excess of 7 million Armstrong s legal representative Tim Herman stated in June When SCA decided to settle the case it settled the entire matter forever No backs No re dos No do overs SCA knowingly and independently waived any right to make further claims to any of the money it paid 118 SCA s Jeff Dorough stated that on October 30 2012 Armstrong was sent a formal request for the return of 12 million in bonuses It is alleged that Armstrong s legal team has offered a settlement of 1 million 119 120 On February 4 2015 the arbitration panel decided 2 1 in SCA s favor and ordered Armstrong and Tailwind Sports Corp to pay SCA 10 million The panel s decision was referred to the Texas 116th Civil District Court in Dallas on February 16 2015 for confirmation Panel members Richard Faulkner and Richard Chernick sided with SCA Ted Lyon sided with Armstrong Armstrong s attorney Tim Herman stated that the panel s ruling was contrary to Texas law and expected that the court would overturn it The panel s decision said in part about Armstrong that Perjury must never be profitable and it is almost certainly the most devious sustained deception ever perpetrated in world sporting history 121 122 On September 27 2015 Armstrong and SCA agreed to a settlement Armstrong issued a formal public apology and agreed to pay SCA an undisclosed sum 123 Federal investigation 2010 2012 Main article Lance Armstrong doping case 2010 2012 federal inquiry In a series of emails in May 2010 Floyd Landis admitted to doping and accused Armstrong and others of the same 124 Based on Landis s allegations U S Justice Department federal prosecutors led an investigation into possible crimes conducted by Armstrong and the U S Postal Service Cycling Team The Food and Drug Administration and federal agent Jeff Novitzky were also involved in the investigation 125 126 In June 2010 Armstrong hired a criminal defense attorney to represent him in the investigation 127 The hiring was first reported in July when Armstrong was competing in the 2010 Tour de France 128 129 On February 3 2012 federal prosecutors officially dropped their criminal investigation with no charges 130 131 The closing of the case was announced without an explanation by U S Attorney Andre Birotte Jr When Novitzky was asked to comment on it he declined 132 In February 2013 a month after Armstrong admitted to doping the Justice Department joined Landis s whistleblower lawsuit to recover government funding given to Armstrong s cycling team 133 USADA investigation and limited confession 2011 2013 Main article Lance Armstrong doping case USADA investigation 2011 2012 In June 2012 the United States Anti Doping Agency USADA accused Armstrong of doping and trafficking of drugs based on blood samples from 2009 and 2010 and testimony from witnesses including former teammates Further he was accused of putting pressure on teammates to take unauthorized performance enhancing drugs as well 134 In October 2012 USADA formally charged him with running a massive doping ring It also sought to ban him from participating in sports sanctioned by WADA for life Armstrong chose not to appeal the findings saying it would not be worth the toll on his family 7 As a result he was stripped of all of his achievements from August 1998 onward including his seven Tour de France titles He also received a lifetime ban from all sports that follow the World Anti Doping Code As nearly all national and international sporting federations including UCI follow the World Anti Doping Code this effectively ended his competitive cycling career 8 135 The International Cycling Union UCI upheld USADA s decision 9 and decided that his stripped wins would not be allocated to other riders N 2 10 After years of public denials in a January 2013 interview with Oprah Winfrey Armstrong reversed course and made a limited confession to doping 136 While admitting wrongdoing in the interview he also said it was absolutely not true that he was doping in 2009 or 2010 and claimed that the last time he crossed the line was in 2005 137 138 He also denied pressuring team mates into doping In September 2013 he was asked by UCI s new president Brian Cookson to testify about his doping Armstrong refused to testify until and unless he received complete amnesty which Cookson said was most unlikely to happen N 3 139 After USADA s report all of Armstrong s sponsors dropped him He reportedly lost 75 million of sponsorship income in a day 140 On May 28 2013 Nike announced that it would be cutting all ties to Livestrong 141 In the aftermath of Armstrong s fall from grace a CNN article wrote that The epic downfall of cycling s star once an idolized icon of millions around the globe stands out in the history of professional sports 142 In a 2015 interview with BBC News Armstrong stated that if it was still 1995 he would probably do it again 143 144 Whistleblower lawsuit 2010 2018 In 2010 one of Armstrong s former teammates the American Floyd Landis whose 2006 Tour de France victory was nullified after a positive doping test sent a series of emails to cycling officials and sponsors admitting to and detailing his systematic use of performance enhancing drugs during his career The emails also claimed that other riders and cycling officials participated in doping including Armstrong 145 Landis filed a federal whistleblower lawsuit against Armstrong under the federal False Claims Act 146 The False Claims Act allows citizens to sue on behalf of the government alleging the government has been defrauded The existence of the lawsuit initially filed under seal was first revealed by The Wall Street Journal in 2010 In the lawsuit Landis alleged that Armstrong and team managers defrauded the US government when they accepted money from the US Postal Service In January 2013 US Justice Department officials recommended joining the federal lawsuit aimed at clawing back money from Armstrong 147 In February the US Department of Justice joined the whistleblower lawsuit which also accused former Postal Service team director Johan Bruyneel and Tailwind Sports the firm that managed the US Postal Service team of defrauding the US 148 149 In April 2014 documents from the AIC case were filed by lawyers representing Landis in relation to the whistleblower suit In these documents Armstrong stated under oath that Jose Pepi Marti Dr Pedro Celaya Dr Luis Garcia del Moral and Dr Michele Ferrari had all provided him with doping products in the period up until 2005 He also named people who had transported or acted as couriers as well as people that were aware of his doping practices 150 151 152 One week later the USADA banned Bruyneel from cycling for ten years and Celaya and Marti for eight years 153 In June 2014 US district judge Robert Wilkins denied Armstrong s request to dismiss the government lawsuit stating The court denies without prejudice the defendants motion to dismiss the government s action as time barred 154 In February 2017 the court determined that the federal government s US 100 million civil lawsuit against Armstrong started by Landis would proceed to trial 155 The matter was settled in April 2018 when Armstrong agreed to pay the United States Government US 5 million During the proceedings it was revealed that the US Postal Service had paid US 31 million in sponsorship to Armstrong and Tailwind Sports between 2001 and 2004 The Department of Justice accused Armstrong of violating his contract with the USPS and committing fraud when he denied using performance enhancing drugs It was reported that Landis would receive US 1 1 million as a result of his whistleblower actions 156 Other lawsuits 2010 to present In November 2013 Armstrong settled a lawsuit with Acceptance Insurance Company AIC AIC had sought to recover 3 million it had paid Armstrong as bonuses for winning the Tour de France from 1999 to 2001 The suit was settled for an undisclosed sum one day before Armstrong was scheduled to give a deposition under oath 157 158 Personal life Armstrong center on the set of College GameDay during the 2006 UT football season Armstrong owns homes in Austin Texas and Aspen Colorado as well as a ranch in the Texas Hill Country 159 Relationships and children Armstrong met Kristin Richard in June 1997 They married on May 1 1998 and had three children a son born October 1999 and twin daughters born November 2001 The pregnancies were made possible through sperm Armstrong banked three years earlier before chemotherapy and surgery 160 The couple divorced in 2003 161 At Armstrong s request his children flew to Paris for the Tour de France podium ceremony in 2005 where his son Luke helped his father hoist the trophy while his daughters in yellow dresses held the stuffed lion mascot and bouquet of yellow flowers citation needed Lance and Kristin Armstrong announced their divorce in 2003 the same year that Lance began dating singer songwriter Sheryl Crow 162 The couple announced their engagement in September 2005 and their split in February 2006 163 In July 2008 Armstrong began dating Anna Hansen after meeting through Armstrong s charity work In December 2008 Armstrong announced that Hansen was pregnant with the couple s first child Although it was believed that Armstrong could no longer father children due to having undergone chemotherapy for testicular cancer the child was conceived naturally 164 They have a son born June 2009 165 and a daughter born October 2010 166 They were married on August 9 2022 167 Politics President George W Bush and Armstrong mountain biking at the president s Prairie Chapel Ranch In a New York Times article teammate George Hincapie hinted that Armstrong would run for Governor of Texas after cycling In the July 2005 issue of Outside magazine Armstrong hinted at running for governor although not in 06 168 Armstrong and former president George W Bush a Republican and fellow Texan call themselves friends Bush called Armstrong in France to congratulate him after his 2005 victory In August 2005 The Times reported the President had invited Armstrong to his Prairie Chapel Ranch to go mountain biking 169 In a 2003 interview with The Observer Armstrong said He s a personal friend but we ve all got the right not to agree with our friends 170 In August 2005 Armstrong hinted he had changed his mind about politics In an interview with Charlie Rose on PBS on August 1 2005 Armstrong pointed out that running for governor would require the commitment that led him to retire from cycling Also in August 2005 Armstrong said that he was no longer considering politics The biggest problem with politics or running for the governor the governor s race here in Austin or in Texas is that it would mimic exactly what I ve done a ton of stress and a ton of time away from my kids Why would I want to go from pro cycling which is stressful and a lot of time away straight into politics 171 Armstrong created a YouTube video in 2007 with former President George H W Bush to successfully pass Proposition 15 a US 3 billion taxpayer bond initiative which created the Cancer Prevention and Research Institute of Texas 172 Armstrong and Congresswoman Nancy Pelosi Armstrong was co chair of a California campaign committee to pass the California Cancer Research Act a ballot measure defeated by California voters on June 5 2012 173 Had it passed the measure was projected to generate over 500 million annually for cancer research smoking cessation programs and tobacco law enforcement by levying a 1 per pack tax on tobacco products in California 174 Armstrong endorsed Democratic Congressman Beto O Rourke against Republican incumbent Senator Ted Cruz in the 2018 election 175 Outside cycling In 1997 Armstrong founded the Lance Armstrong Foundation which supports people affected by cancer The foundation raises awareness of cancer and has raised 176 more than 325 million from the sale of yellow Livestrong bracelets 177 During his first retirement beginning after the 2005 season he also maintained other interests He was the pace car driver of the Chevrolet Corvette Z06 for the 2006 Indianapolis 500 In 2007 Armstrong with Andre Agassi Muhammad Ali Warrick Dunn Jeff Gordon Mia Hamm Tony Hawk Andrea Jaeger Jackie Joyner Kersee Mario Lemieux Alonzo Mourning and Cal Ripken Jr founded Athletes for Hope a charity that helps professional athletes become involved in charitable causes and aims to inspire non athletes to volunteer and support the community 178 In August 2009 Armstrong headlined the inaugural charity ride Pelotonia in Columbus Ohio riding over 100 miles on Saturday with the large group of cyclists He addressed the riders the Friday evening before the two day ride and helped the ride raise millions for cancer research 179 Armstrong ran the 2006 New York City Marathon with two friends He assembled a pace team of Alberto Salazar Joan Benoit Samuelson and Hicham El Guerrouj to help him reach three hours He finished in 2h 59m 36s in 856th place He said the race was extremely difficult compared to the Tour de France 180 The NYC Marathon had a dedicated camera on Armstrong throughout the event which according to Armstrong pushed him to continue through points in which he would have normally stopped and stretched 181 He also helped raise 600 000 for his LiveStrong campaign during the run Armstrong ran the 2007 NYC Marathon in 2h 46m 43s finishing 232nd 182 On April 21 2008 he ran the Boston Marathon in 2h 50m 58s finishing in the top 500 183 Armstrong made a return to triathlon in 2011 by competing in the off road XTERRA Triathlon race series At the Championships Armstrong led for a time before crashing out on the bike and finishing in 23rd place 184 185 The following year in 2012 Armstrong began pursuing qualification into the 2012 Ironman World Championship 186 He was scheduled to next participate in Ironman France on June 24 However the June suspension by USADA and eventual ban by WADA prohibited Armstrong from further racing Ironman branded events due to World Triathlon Corporation anti doping policies 187 In July 2011 and July 2013 Armstrong participated in the non competitive Register s Annual Great Bicycle Ride Across Iowa 188 189 190 Business and investments 10 2 redirects here For other uses see 10 2 disambiguation Armstrong owns a coffee shop in downtown Austin Texas called Juan Pelota Cafe The name is a joking reference to his testicular cancer with the name Juan being considered by some a homophone for one and Pelota being the Spanish word for ball 191 In the same building Armstrong owns and operates a bike shop named Mellow Johnny s after another nickname of his derived from the Tour term maillot jaune which is French for yellow jersey the jersey given to the leader of the general classification 192 In 2001 Armstrong provided funding to launch Wonders amp Worries a non profit organization in Austin Texas that provides counseling and support for children who have a parent with a serious or life threatening disease 193 A line of cycling clothing from Nike 10 2 was named after the date October 2 1996 that Armstrong was diagnosed with testicular cancer citation needed In 2008 Armstrong bought several million dollars of stock in the American bicycle component manufacturer SRAM Corporation and has served as their technical advisor 194 SRAM bought those shares back from him in preparation for a public offering Armstrong owns a small share of Trek Bicycle Corporation 195 In 2009 Armstrong invested 100 000 into venture capital firm Lowercase Capital which subsequently bought an early stake in Uber among other investments In 2019 Uber achieved an IPO of 82 billion and earned Armstrong an estimated 20 30 million 196 According to CNBC Armstrong said it saved our family 197 MediaIn 2017 Armstrong started a podcast named The Move which provided daily coverage of the Tour de France in 2018 and 2019 198 He also appeared without compensation on NBC Sports Network s live Tour de France television broadcasts The UCI indicated the podcast and NBC appearances did not violate the terms of his ban 199 Career achievementsMajor results Road 1990 8th Overall Tour of Sweden 1991 1st Road race National Junior Road Championships 1992 1st Overall Fitchburg Longsjo Classic1st Stage 2 dd 1st First Union Grand Prix 1st Stage 6 Settimana Bergamasca 1st Stage 4a Vuelta a Galicia 1st Stage 2 Trittico Premondiale 2nd Zuri Metzgete 8th Coppa Bernocchi 1993 1st Road race UCI Road World Championships 1st Road race National Road Championships 1st Overall Kmart West Virginia Classic1st Prologue amp Stage 1 dd 1st Overall Tour of America 1st Trofeo Laigueglia 1st Thrift Drug Classic 1st Stage 8 Tour de France 2nd Overall Tour DuPont1st Stage 5 dd 3rd Overall Tour of Sweden1st Stage 3 dd 5th Wincanton Classic 9th Overall Paris Nice 1994 1st Thrift Drug Classic 2nd Overall Tour DuPont1st Stage 7 dd 2nd Liege Bastogne Liege 2nd Clasica de San Sebastian 7th Overall Tour de Suisse 7th Road race UCI Road World Championships 9th Trofeo Laigueglia 9th Zuri Metzgete 1995 1st Overall Tour DuPont1st Mountains classification 1st Stages 4 5 ITT amp 9 dd 1st Overall Kmart West Virginia Classic1st Stage 4 dd 1st Clasica de San Sebastian 1st Stage 18 Tour de France 1st Stage 5 Paris Nice 5th Road race National Road Championships 6th Liege Bastogne Liege 10th Overall Vuelta a Burgos 10th Zuri Metzgete 1996 1st Overall Tour DuPont1st Stages 2 3b ITT 5 6 amp 12 ITT dd 1st La Fleche Wallonne 2nd Overall Paris Nice 2nd Overall Ronde van Nederland 2nd Liege Bastogne Liege 2nd Grand Prix Eddy Merckx 4th Overall Tour de Suisse 4th Wincanton Classic 6th Time trial Olympic Games 8th E3 Prijs Vlaanderen 9th LuK Challenge Chrono with Sean Yates 1998 1st Overall Tour de Luxembourg1st Stage 1 dd 1st Overall Rheinland Pfalz Rundfahrt 1st Cascade Cycling Classic 1st Sprint 56K Criterium 4th Overall Ronde van NederlandVoided results from August 1998 onward4th Overall Vuelta a Espana 4th Road race UCI Road World Road Championships 1999 1st Overall Tour de France1st Prologue Stages 8 ITT 9 amp 19 ITT dd 1st Stage 4 Route du Sud 1st Stage 4 ITT Circuit de la Sarthe 1st RaboRonde Heerlen 2nd Amstel Gold Race 7th Overall Vuelta a Aragon 8th Overall Criterium du Dauphine Libere1st Prologue dd 2000 1st Overall Tour de France1st Stage 19 ITT dd 1st Grand Prix des Nations 1st Grand Prix Eddy Merckx 2nd Paris Camembert 3rd Overall Criterium du Dauphine Libere1st Stage 3 ITT dd 3rd Time trial Olympic Games 3rd Classique des Alpes 4th Grand Prix Gippingen 5th Zuri Metzgete 7th GP Miguel Indurain 2001 1st Overall Tour de France1st Stages 10 11 ITT 13 amp 18 ITT dd 1st Overall Tour de Suisse1st Stages 1 ITT amp 8 ITT dd 2nd Amstel Gold Race 2nd Classique des Alpes 2002 1st Overall Tour de France1st Prologue Stages 11 12 amp 19 ITT dd 1st Overall Criterium du Dauphine Libere1st Stage 6 dd 1st Overall Grand Prix du Midi Libre 1st Profronde van Stiphout 2nd Overall Criterium International 3rd Zuri Metzgete 4th Amstel Gold Race 5th Grand Prix Eddy Merckx 6th San Francisco Grand Prix 8th LuK Challenge Chrono with Floyd Landis 2003 1st Overall Tour de France1st Stages 4 TTT amp 15 dd 1st Overall Criterium du Dauphine Libere1st Stage 3 ITT dd 6th LuK Challenge Chrono with Viatcheslav Ekimov 8th Amstel Gold Race 2004 1st Overall Tour de France1st Stages 4 TTT 13 15 16 ITT 17 amp 19 ITT dd 1st Overall Tour de Georgia1st Stages 3 amp 4 ITT dd 1st Profronde van Stiphout 3rd Overall Criterium International 4th LuK Challenge Chrono with George Hincapie 5th Overall Volta ao Algarve1st Stage 4 ITT dd 6th Overall Tour du Languedoc Roussillon1st Stage 5 dd 2005 1st Overall Tour de France1st Stages 4 TTT amp 20 ITT dd 4th Overall Criterium du Dauphine Libere1st Points classification dd 5th Overall Tour de Georgia 2009 1st Nevada City Classic 2nd Overall Tour of the Gila 3rd Overall Tour de France1st Stage 4 TTT dd 7th Overall Tour of California 2010 2nd Overall Tour de Suisse 3rd Overall Tour de Luxembourg 7th Overall Vuelta a Murcia Grand Tour general classification results timeline Grand Tour 1993 1994 1995 1996 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 Giro d Italia 12 Tour de France DNF DNF 36 DNF 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 3 23 Vuelta a Espana 4 Legend Did not competeDNF Did not finishNo Voided resultTriathlon amp Ironman 2011 5th XTERRA USA Championships 2012 1st Ironman 70 3 Hawaii 1st Ironman 70 3 Florida 3rd Ironman 70 3 St Croix 7th Ironman 70 3 Texas 2nd Ironman 70 3 Panama 2nd Power of Four Mountain Bike RaceMountain Bike 2008 1st 12 Hours of Snowmass 2nd Leadville Trail 100 Mountain Bike Race 2009 1st Colorado Pro Cross Country Championships 1st Leadville Trail 100 Mountain Bike RaceFilmographyRoad to Paris 2001 documentary DodgeBall A True Underdog Story 2004 cameo appearance You Me and Dupree 2006 cameo appearance The Armstrong Lie 2013 documentary Stop at Nothing The Lance Armstrong Story 2014 documentary The Program 2015 biographical drama film Tour de Pharmacy 2017 appearing as himself acting as parody of an anonymous source Lance 2020 documentaryAccoladesThis section needs additional citations for verification Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources in this section Unsourced material may be challenged and removed Find sources Lance Armstrong news newspapers books scholar JSTOR August 2018 Learn how and when to remove this template message United States Olympic Committee USOC SportsMan of the Year 1999 2001 2002 2003 200 Associated Press Male Athlete of the Year 2002 2003 2004 2005 201 World s Most Outstanding Athlete Award Jesse Owens International Trophy 2000 202 203 Reuters Sportsman of the Year 2003 204 Prince of Asturias Award in Sports 2000 205 Sports Ethics Fellows by the Institute for International Sport 2003 206 Mendrisio d Or Award in Switzerland 1999 importance 207 Premio Coppi Bici d Oro Trophy by the Fausto Coppi foundation in conjunction with La Gazzetta dello Sport 1999 2000 Marca Legend Award by Marca a Spanish sports daily in Madrid 2004 ESPY Award for Best Male Athlete 2003 2004 2005 2006 ESPY Award for GMC Professional Grade Play Award 2005 ESPY Award for Best Comeback Athlete 2000 ESPN Intersport s ARETE Award for Courage in Sport Professional Division 1999 208 ABC s Wide World of Sports Athlete of the Year 1999 Favorite Athlete award at Nickelodeon Kids Choice Awards 2006 209 210 Presidential Delegation to the XIX Olympic Winter Games 2002 211 Sports Illustrated magazine s Sportsman of the Year 2002 212 VeloNews magazine s International Cyclist of the Year 2000 2001 2003 2004 VeloNews magazine s North American Male Cyclist of the Year 1993 1995 1996 1998 1999 2002 2005 William Hill Sports Book of the Year It s Not About the Bike My Journey Back to Life 2000 213 Triathlon magazine s Rookie of the Year 1988 Pace car driver for the Indianapolis 500 2006 214 215 An asteroid 1994 JE9 was named 12373 Lancearmstrong in honor of him 216 Six mile Lance Armstrong Bikeway through downtown Austin Texas built by the city of Austin at a cost of 3 2 million 217 218 Mildred Babe Didrikson Zaharias Courage Award presented by the United States Sports Academy 1999 219 Samuel S Beard Award for Greatest Public Service by an Individual 35 Years or Under an award given out annually by Jefferson Awards 2001 220 Rescinded awards BBC Overseas Sports Personality of the Year Award 2003 221 Honorary Doctorate of Humane Letters Tufts University 2006 222 Key to the city of Adelaide 2012 223 224 Laureus World Sports Award for Sportsman of the Year Winner 2003 225 Laureus World Sports Award for Comeback of the Year Winner 2000 226 Laureus World Sports Award for Sportsman of the Year Nominated 2002 2004 2005 2006 Laureus World Sports Award for Comeback of the Year Nominated 2010 Grand Prix Serge Kampf de l Academie des sports France 2004 227 Legion d honneur France 2005 228 Velo d Or Award by Velo magazine in France 1999 2000 2001 2003 2004 229 230 See also Sports portalCycling records Doping in sport Doping in the United States List of doping cases in cyclingNotes and referencesNotes Other top riders in the 1999 to 2005 Tours also have been involved in doping scandals Several riders were banned and some also had their results stripped some subsequently admitted to doping Those riders include Jan Ullrich Marco Pantani Andreas Kloden Joseba Beloki Raimondas Rumsas Alex Zulle Ivan Basso and Alexander Vinokourov UCI stated that a cloud of suspicion would remain hanging over that period And so while noting that their decision might appear harsh for those who rode clean UCI decided with respect to Lance Armstrong that those seven Tours would have no official winner rather than being allocated to other riders 10 11 Other top riders in the 1999 to 2005 Tours also have been involved in doping scandals Several riders were banned and some also had their results stripped some subsequently admitted to doping Those riders include Jan Ullrich Marco Pantani Andreas Kloden Joseba Beloki Raimondas Rumsas Alex Zulle Ivan Basso and Alexander Vinokourov UCI stated that a cloud of suspicion would remain hanging over that period And so while noting that their decision might appear harsh for those who rode clean UCI decided with respect to Lance Armstrong that those seven Tours would have no official winner rather than being allocated to other riders 10 11 In return for co operating with USADA during its investigation in 2012 Armstrong s teammates were given reduced bans in line with WADA guidelines allowing reduction of ban for Significant Co Operation Armstrong made demands in return for testifying completely Brian Cookson of the UCI said that it was most unlikely that the USADA would agree to Armstrong s demands In response to that Armstrong refused to testify References Fotheringham William 2011 Cyclopedia It s All about the Bike Chicago Review Press p 18 ISBN 978 1 56976 948 5 Reilly Rick July 5 2010 Armstrong keeps passing tests espn go com Retrieved May 12 2013 a b Tour de France 2009 Rider 22 Lance Armstrong Letour fr Archived from the original on January 12 2012 Retrieved November 10 2012 Lance Armstrong Fast Facts CNN January 17 2013 Lance Armstrong BBC Sport Retrieved June 30 2012 Lance Armstrong USADA report labels him a serial cheat BBC News October 11 2012 Retrieved November 10 2012 a b Macur Juliet August 23 2012 Armstrong Drops Fight Against Doping Charges The New York Times Retrieved August 23 2012 a b Lance Armstrong Receives Lifetime Ban And Disqualification Of Competitive Results For Doping Violations Stemming From His Involvement In The United States Postal Service Pro Cycling Team Doping Conspiracy USADA Usada org August 24 2012 Retrieved November 10 2012 the UCI recognized a decision from the U S Anti Doping Agency a b Lance Armstrong Governing body strips American of Tour wins BBC News October 22 2012 Retrieved October 22 2012 a b c d Press release UCI takes decisive action in wake of Lance Armstrong affair Union Cycliste Internationale October 26 2012 Archived from the original on August 26 2013 Retrieved February 18 2014 a b Lance Armstrong who may get his Tour de France titles The Telegraph London August 24 2012 Retrieved February 24 2014 Bike Friendly Oak Cliff BFOC interviews Lance Armstrong s mom Linda Armstrong Kelly bikefriendlyoc wordpress com July 20 2009 Archived from the original on July 18 2011 Retrieved January 8 2011 Ancestry of Lance Armstrong Wargs com Retrieved July 6 2012 Hurley Meagan May 28 2020 From celebrated cyclist to disgraced athlete Lance Armstrong s career began in North Texas Dallas News Retrieved February 5 2023 LanceArmstrong com LanceArmstrong com located under Bio section Breaking Away Lance Armstrong of the U S is the world cycling champ Now he s going for an even bigger prize Sports Illustrated July 4 1994 Armstrong bought Million Dollar Triple Crown victory claims Gaggioli Cyclingnews com December 13 2013 Retrieved August 4 2014 Lance Armstrong speaks at University of Colorado Boulder on March 1 2016 on YouTube at 5m20sec Abt Samuel July 19 1995 CYCLING Italian Rider Dies After High Speed Crash The New York Times Retrieved July 2 2014 Albergotti Reed O Connell Vanessa 2013 Wheelmen Lance Armstrong the Tour de France and the greatest sports conspiracy ever New York Penguin Group USA Incorporated p 72 ISBN 978 1592408481 Evans Hilary Gjerde Arild Heijmans Jeroen Mallon Bill et al Lance Armstrong Olympic Results Olympics at Sports Reference com Sports Reference LLC Archived from the original on April 18 2020 Retrieved July 24 2016 a b Armstrong dropped by Cofidis Associated Press October 10 1997 Retrieved October 23 2019 Samuel Abt October 9 1996 Armstrong Acknowledges Cancer Battle The New York Times Retrieved January 27 2012 Our Founder Livestrong Foundation Archived from the original on January 6 2014 Retrieved January 18 2014 a b Johanson Paula April 30 2011 Lance Armstrong A Biography ABC CLIO ISBN 9780313386909 a b Inside Cycling with John Wilcockson Armstrong s 25 year journey is over VeloNews com VeloNews com February 17 2011 Retrieved October 6 2017 Barbara and Steven W Livestrong Foundation Retrieved January 18 2014 Armstrong amp Jenkins 2001 pp 94 95 Armstrong amp Jenkins 2001 pp 108 109 Lance Armstrong amp David Agus at TEDMED 2011 YouTube Archived from the original on October 30 2021 Retrieved January 18 2014 a b Lance Armstrong Sally Jenkins It s Not About the Bike My Journey Back to Life ISBN 0 425 17961 3 Putnam 2000 Armstrong amp Jenkins 2001 p 118 The Society of Neurological Surgeons Societyns org Archived from the original on November 28 2010 Retrieved November 10 2012 Armstrong amp Jenkins 2001 p 154 Armstrong back in training cyclingnews com January 11 1997 Retrieved October 23 2019 Armstrong update cyclingnews com January 13 1997 Retrieved October 23 2019 a b Samuel Abt June 16 1998 In Post Cancer Career Armstrong Beats the Odds and Wins the Race New York Times International Herald Tribune a href Template Cite web html title Template Cite web cite web a CS1 maint url status link Randy Johnson July 1 2009 THE BEECH MOUNTAIN RIDE THAT INSPIRED LANCE ARMSTRONG S COMEBACK FROM CANCER WNC Magazine a href Template Cite web html title Template Cite web cite web a CS1 maint url status link Philip Hersh July 25 1999 In The End Armstrong Had Support From Start Chicago Tribune a href Template Cite web html title Template Cite web cite web a CS1 maint url status link Rider Lance Armstrong procyclingstats com February 24 2022 a href Template Cite web html title Template Cite web cite web a CS1 maint url status link This 3rd place result in the Velo d Or voting was later revoked 1999 Tour de France bikeraceinfo com Retrieved July 17 2017 2002 Tour de France results bikeraceinfo com Retrieved July 17 2017 Rob Arnold July 24 2019 Remembering Joseba Beloki s crash on a hot day in Gap Velo News of Outside Magazine a href Template Cite web html title Template Cite web cite web a CS1 maint url status link William Fotheringham July 14 2003 Tour leader Armstrong cuts a corner The Guardian a href Template Cite web html title Template Cite web cite web a CS1 maint url status link In his book Every Second Counts Armstrong casts doubt that Ullrich did in fact wait for him He states that Ullrich only slowed when told to do so by other riders Jan Ullrich wird zum Ritter des Fair Play Ullrich becomes Knight of fairplay Sport Unterricht Retrieved March 5 2007 2004 Tour de France results bikeraceinfo com Retrieved July 17 2017 Tour de France winners and their average speeds Velonews July 24 2011 Retrieved July 6 2012 Farewell Tour For Lance Armstrong Retrieved March 19 2017 a b Armstrong L amp Kreutz E 2009 Comeback 2 0 Up close and 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2015 Armstrong on drugs history and the future Streaming video Interview Interviewed by Dan Roan United Kingdom BBC News Retrieved May 1 2018 Reed Albergotti Vanessa O Connell WSJ Cyclist Floyd Landis Admits Doping Alleges Use by Armstrong and Others PDF Dow Jones Newswires Archived from the original PDF on October 17 2013 Retrieved October 17 2013 U S Mulls Joining Cycling Lawsuit WSJ com September 4 2010 Archived from the original on October 17 2013 Retrieved October 17 2013 Justice Department Poised to Join Armstrong Whistleblower Lawsuit WSJ com January 15 2013 Archived from the original on October 18 2013 Retrieved October 17 2013 Armstrong Asks to Be Deposed for Multiple Suits at Once WSJ com September 23 2013 Archived from the original on October 18 2013 Retrieved October 17 2013 Justice Joins Suit Against Armstrong WSJ com February 22 2013 Archived from the original on October 18 2013 Retrieved October 17 2013 Armstrong names names under oath cyclingnews April 10 2014 Retrieved April 11 2014 Weisel Ross Question Scribd com Retrieved August 4 2014 Name Names Scribd com April 10 2014 Retrieved August 4 2014 Longtime Lance Armstrong coach banned 10 years for doping conspiracy Washington Times Associated Press April 22 2014 Armstrong fails to stop US federal government lawsuit going ahead Cyclingnews com June 20 2014 Retrieved August 4 2014 Lance Armstrong handed defeat by federal judge USA Today February 13 2017 Retrieved March 25 2017 Andone Dakin April 19 2018 Lance Armstrong to pay US government 5 million to settle lawsuit CNN Retrieved May 1 2018 Schrotenboer Brent Lance Armstrong named names under oath USA Today April 10 2014 Lance Armstrong Reveals Names in Lawsuit New York Times April 10 2014 Armstrong attempts to quell dispute over Hill Country swimming hole Associated Press October 25 2006 Archived from the original on September 30 2007 Retrieved October 25 2006 Ruibal Sal May 22 2002 Cancer survivor Armstrong accepts new role USA Today Retrieved August 20 2021 Silverman Stephen M May 9 2006 Lance s Ex Felt Smothered By Marriage people com Retrieved May 12 2013 Mitchell Houston January 22 2013 Sheryl Crow discusses Lance Armstrong s doping admission Los Angeles Times Retrieved May 12 2013 Dennis Alicia February 3 2006 Lance Armstrong and Sheryl Crow Split People Retrieved January 22 2013 Lance Armstrong Girlfriend Expecting Baby in June CNN com December 23 2008 Armstrong Lance June 4 2009 Wassup world My name is Max Armstrong and I just arrived My Mommy is healthy and so am I link Retrieved August 20 2021 via Twitter Armstrong Lance October 18 2010 Olivia Marie Armstrong has arrived Twitter Retrieved August 20 2021 Lance Armstrong and Anna Hansen Are Married After 14 Years Together Plenty of Joyful Tears Us Weekly Breaking Away Outside July 2005 Archived from the original on September 19 2010 Retrieved January 9 2008 Baldwin Tom August 18 2005 Can this bike ride be Bush s tour de force The Times UK Retrieved January 9 2008 Peter Beaumont Paul Webster in Paris July 6 2003 Serena got the message now it s Lance s turn as French cheers become jeers for US stars The Observer London Retrieved July 17 2010 Armstrong rules out political career for now VeloNews via Agence France Presse August 14 2005 Retrieved July 23 2012 Livestrong Foundation Press Release President George H W Bush Endorses Prop 15 October 23 2007 Archived from the original on December 28 2013 Retrieved December 28 2013 CCRA Leadership Team Californiansforacure org Archived from the original on July 28 2012 Retrieved July 6 2012 Prop 29 The California Cancer Research Act Californiansforacure org Archived from the original on June 25 2012 Retrieved July 6 2012 Anapol Avery August 26 2018 Lance Armstrong endorses Beto O Rourke in Texas Senate race The Hill Gifford Bill January 5 2012 It s not about the lab rats Outside Online Archived from the original on January 28 2013 Fredrix Emily Liedtke Michael August 3 2010 Doping scandal may hurt Lance Armstrong foundation msnbc com Associated Press Archived from the original on January 4 2013 Retrieved July 23 2012 Athletes for Hope Athletes for Hope Retrieved July 17 2010 Binkley Collin Cyclists hit the streets for second Pelotonia Tour The Columbus Dispatch Retrieved December 17 2011 Lance Armstrong A Classic Case of Too Much Too Soon TheFinalSprint com January 7 2007 Archived from the original on March 12 2009 Retrieved September 28 2009 Watch the NYC Marathon TheFinalSprint com November 2 2006 Archived from the original on April 29 2008 Retrieved September 28 2009 Jud Santos October 10 2007 Results The ING New York City Marathon Archived from the original on October 10 2007 Retrieved July 17 2010 Vega Michael April 22 2008 No pedals he showed his mettle The Boston Globe Retrieved July 23 2012 Carlson Timothy February 9 2012 Armstrong and Livestrong will partner with WTC Slowttwich com Retrieved July 29 2014 Carlson Timothy October 23 2011 Weiss Paterson take XTERRA Worlds Slowttwich com Retrieved July 29 2014 Carlson Timothy February 9 2012 Armstrong and Livestrong will partner with WTC Slowtwitch com Retrieved July 29 2014 Empfield Dan June 16 2014 It s Official Lance out of Ironman Slowtwitch com Retrieved July 29 2014 DES MOINES Iowa Lance Armstrong finds support in Iowa Sports Wire Miami Herald Archived from the original on July 27 2013 Retrieved February 1 2014 Lance Armstrong Ragbrai Archived from the original on August 8 2014 Retrieved August 4 2014 history 2010s Ragbrai Archived from the original on August 8 2014 Retrieved August 4 2014 Ryan Grenoble October 5 2012 Juan Pelota Lance Armstrong s Austin Coffee Shop More Than Just A Pun Huffington Post Retrieved January 19 2013 Armstrong amp Jenkins 2003 chpt 1 Tereshchuk Julie Melinda Garvey Publisher Austin Woman Magazine Archived from the original on June 27 2013 Retrieved June 12 2013 Lattman Peter Lehman s a Fan of Lance WJS Retrieved January 17 2013 Frothingham Steve Sponsors drop Lance Armstrong bicycleretailer com Retrieved January 17 2013 Here s How Much Lance Armstrong Made on Early Uber Investment Gran Fondo Guide Retrieved April 28 2022 Feiner Lauren December 6 2018 Lance Armstrong says his investment in Uber saved our family CNBC Retrieved July 14 2021 Lance Armstrong brings back Tour de France podcast for third year with new location Retrieved December 8 2020 Tour de France Lance Armstrong s NBC presence spurs debate about his place in cycling Retrieved December 8 2020 USOC Athletes of the Year United States Olympic Committee Archived from the original on August 29 2012 Retrieved August 30 2012 AP Male Athlete of the Year USA Today December 21 2007 Plus Awards Armstrong Wins Owens Trophy The New York Times January 19 2000 Retrieved August 27 2012 Mayor Giuliani Welcomes Stuart Rankin Grandson Of Jesse Owens To City Hall February 9 2000 Retrieved August 27 2012 Jeff Jones December 22 2003 First Edition Cycling News for December 22 2003 Knapp Communications Pty Limited Archived from the original on November 12 2012 Retrieved August 30 2012 Prince Of Asturias Awards Prince Of Asturias Foundation Retrieved August 27 2012 Institute for International Sport 2003 Sports Ethics Fellows Archived from the original on October 21 2013 Retrieved August 27 2012 Laureati del Mendrisio d Oro e d Argento dal 1972 al 2010 Velo Club Mendriso Archived from the original on July 31 2012 Retrieved August 28 2012 Fred Mitchell November 2 1999 Payton Epitomized Courage Chicago Tribune Retrieved August 28 2012 All Winners Kids Choice Awards Nickelodeon Archived from the original on June 14 2012 Retrieved August 27 2012 Kids Choice Awards Nickelodeon Retrieved August 27 2012 President Announces Delegation to Winter Olympics Press release The White House February 8 2002 Retrieved September 22 2007 Rick Reilly December 16 2002 Tour de Lance Sports Illustrated Sports Book Previous Winners William Hill Press Office Archived from the original on October 19 2013 Retrieved August 25 2013 2000 Winner It s Not About The Bike Lance Armstrong Indy 500 Pace Cars IndySpeedway com Archived from the original on October 27 2012 Retrieved August 26 2012 Sources Lance Armstrong To Drive Indy 500 Pace Car The Indy Channel March 15 2006 Archived from the original on October 21 2013 Retrieved August 26 2012 JPL Small Body Database Browser NASA May 11 2009 Retrieved November 30 2012 Parker Richard October 25 2012 Can Austin Keep Itself Weird New York Times The New York Times Austin TX Retrieved November 10 2012 What happens to the Lance Armstrong Bikeway Digitaltexan net August 24 2012 Archived from the original on May 23 2013 Retrieved November 10 2012 Mildred Babe Didrikson Zaharias Courage Award Archived from the original on October 21 2013 Retrieved August 28 2012 National Winners Jefferson Awards Archived from the original on November 24 2010 Retrieved February 7 2014 Armstrong stripped of BBC prize Espnstar Com December 17 2012 Archived from the original on January 22 2013 Retrieved January 19 2013 University Rescinds Honorary Degree Awarded to Lance Armstrong The Weekly Standard November 20 2012 Retrieved January 19 2013 Higgins Alice October 23 2012 Adelaide Lord Mayor Stephen Yarwood says Lance Armstrong can keep keys to the city The Australian Retrieved January 3 2013 Lance Armstrong loses Keys to City of Adelaide News Corporation October 31 2012 Retrieved January 3 2013 Awards 2003 Laureus World Sports Awards Ltd Retrieved August 26 2012 Awards 2000 Laureus World Sports Awards Ltd Retrieved August 26 2012 Academie des Sports Grand Prix De L Academie Des Sports Prix Serge Kampf LMC France Archived from the original on May 6 2012 Retrieved August 27 2012 Legion d honneur retiree a Lance Armstrong Lequipe fr Retrieved August 4 2014 VELO D OR MONDIAL Velo club net Archived from the original on August 16 2012 Retrieved August 26 2012 Armstrong s results have been removed by Velo magazineBibliographyArmstrong Lance Jenkins Sally 2001 It s Not About the Bike My Journey Back to Life Yellow Jersey Press ISBN 0 224 06087 2 Armstrong Lance Jenkins Sally 2003 Every Second Counts Broadway Books ISBN 0 385 50871 9 Further readingAlbergotti Reed O Connell Vanessa 2013 Wheelmen Lance Armstrong the Tour de France and the Greatest Sports Conspiracy Ever Gotham ISBN 978 1 59240 848 1 Armstrong Kelly Linda Rodgers Joni 2002 No Mountain High Enough Raising Lance Raising Me Broadway Books ISBN 0 7679 1855 X Ballester Pierre Walsh David 2004 L A Confidentiel Les secrets de Lance Armstrong in French La Martiniere ISBN 2 84675 130 7 Ballester Pierre Walsh David 2006 L A Officiel in French La Martiniere ISBN 2 84675 204 4 Coyle Daniel 2005 Lance Armstrong s War One Man s Battle Against Fate Fame Love Death Scandal and a Few Other Rivals on the Road to the Tour de France HarperCollins ISBN 0 06 073497 3 Wilcockson John 2004 23 Days in July John Murray ISBN 0 7195 6717 3 Wilcockson John 2005 The 2005 Tour de France The Last Chapter of the Armstrong Era Velo Press ISBN 1 931382 68 9 Wilcockson John 2009 LANCE The Making of the World s Greatest Champion Da Capo Press ISBN 978 0 306 81587 4 External linksLance Armstrong at Wikipedia s sister projects Media from Commons News from Wikinews Quotations from Wikiquote Data from Wikidata Official website The Lance Armstrong Foundation Lance Armstrong at Cycling Archives Lance Armstrong at Olympics com Lance Armstrong at Olympedia Lance Armstrong at IMDb USADA U S Postal Service Pro Cycling Team Investigation Reasoned Decision Kimmage Paul Tour gears up for return of Lance Armstrong The Sunday Times July 5 2009 Lance Armstrong Talks to Oprah oprah com Stop at Nothing The Lance Armstrong Story at IMDbAwards and achievementsPreceded by Derek Birley William Hill Sports Book of the Year winner2000 Succeeded by Laura HillenbrandPreceded byJonny MoseleyRulon Gardner USOC Sportsman of the Year19992001 2003 Succeeded byRulon GardnerMichael PhelpsPreceded by Steffi Graf Prince of Asturias Award for Sports2000 Succeeded by Manuel Estiarte Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Lance Armstrong amp oldid 1151666175, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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