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Ilocos Region

December 27, 2022

Ilocos Region (Ilocano: Rehion/Deppaar ti Ilocos; Pangasinan: Sagor na Baybay na Luzon/Rehiyon Uno; Tagalog: Rehiyon ng Ilocos) is an administrative region of the Philippines, designated as Region I, occupying the northwestern section of Luzon and part of Central Luzon plain, primarily by Pangasinan. It is bordered by the Cordillera Administrative Region to the east, the Cagayan Valley to the northeast and southeast, and the Central Luzon to the south. To the west lies the South China Sea.[5]

Ilocos Region
Rehion ti Ilocos
Sagor na Baybay na Luzon/Rehiyon na Sagor Luzon
Region I
Region
Location in the Philippines
OpenStreetMap
Coordinates: 16°37′N 120°19′E / 16.62°N 120.32°E / 16.62; 120.32Coordinates: 16°37′N 120°19′E / 16.62°N 120.32°E / 16.62; 120.32
Country Philippines
Island groupLuzon
Regional centerSan Fernando (La Union)
Largest citySan Carlos (Pangasinan)
Area
 • Total13,013.60 km2 (5,024.58 sq mi)
Highest elevation
(Mount Sicapoo)
2,361 m (7,746 ft)
Population
 (2020 census) [2]
 • Total5,301,139
 • Estimate 
(2020)
5,220,807[1]
 • Density410/km2 (1,100/sq mi)
Time zoneUTC+8 (PST)
ISO 3166 codePH-01
Provinces
4
Independent Cities
1
Component Cities
8
Municipalities116
Barangays3,267
Cong. districts12
Languages
GDP (2021)₱643 billion
$13 billion[3]
Growth rate (4.6%)[3]
HDI 0.743 (High)
HDI rank6th in Philippines (2019)

The region comprises four provinces ( Ilocos Norte, Ilocos Sur, La Union and Pangasinan) and one independent city (Dagupan City). Its regional center is San Fernando, La Union whereas the largest settlement is San Carlos City, Pangasinan. The 2000 Census reported that the major languages spoken in the region are Ilocano at 64% of the total population at that time, Pangasinan with 32.5%, and Tagalog and other languages with 3.21%.[6]

History

Prehistory

The region was first inhabited by the aboriginal Negritos, before they were pushed by successive waves of Austronesian immigrants that penetrated the narrow coast. Tingguians (Igorot) in the interior, Ilocanos in the north, Pangasinenses in the south, and Zambals in the southwesternmost areas settled the region.

Early history

As commercial trading routes became established in Southeast Asia, the pre-Hispanic Luyag na Caboloan (present-day Pangasinan) area in the vicinity of Lingayen gulf became maritime trading centers, as gold mined from the Cordillera Mountain Range came down along the Aringay-Tonglo-Balatok gold trail,[7][8] and was also traded in the neighboring settlement of Agoo, whose coast at the time was shaped in such a way that it was a good harbor for foreign vessels.[9][10]

Evidence of trade between the then-Pangasinense port of Agoo and China has been excavated in the form of porcelain and pottery pieces unearthed at the site of the Catholic church during its renovation, - which are now kept in the Museo de Iloko.[9] Japanese fishermen eventually established their first settlement in the Philippines there, passing on their fishing skills and technologies to the local populace.[9]

Spanish colonial era

The Spanish arrived in the 16th century and established Christian missions and governmental institutions to control the native population and convert them to Catholicism. Present-day Vigan in Ilocos Sur province became the diocesan seat of Nueva Segovia. Ilocanos in the northern parts were less easily swayed, however, and remained an area filled with deep resentments against Spain. These resentments surfaced at various points in the Ilocos provinces' history as insurrections, most notably that of Andres Malong and Palaris of Pangasinan, Diego Silang and his wife Gabriela Silang in 1764, and the Basi Revolt in the 19th century. However, it was the Pangasinans in the south who were the last to stand against the Spaniards.[11][better source needed]

American colonial era and World War II

In 1901, the region came under American colonial rule, and in 1941, under Japanese occupation.

During 1945, the combined American and the Philippine Commonwealth troops including with the Ilocano and Pangasinan guerillas liberated the Ilocos Region from Japanese forces during the Second World War.

Post-independence period

Several presidents of the Republic of the Philippines hailed from the Region: Elpidio Quirino, Ferdinand Marcos, and Fidel V. Ramos. The province of Pangasinan was transferred by Ferdinand Marcos from Region III into Region I in 1973 and afterwards imposed a migration policy for Ilokanos into Pangasinan, to the moderate detriment of the native Pangasinenses. Before the administration of Ferdinand Marcos, Pangasinan was not a part of the region.[12] He also included Abra, Mountain Province, and Benguet in the Ilocos region in a bid to expand Ilokano influence among the ethnic peoples of the Cordilleras.[13]

Martial law era

Various human rights violations were documented in the Ilocos region during the Marcos martial law era, despite public perception that the region was supportive of Marcos' administration.[14] In Ilocos Norte, various farmers from the towns of Vintar, Dumalneg, Solsona, Marcos, and Piddig were documented to have been tortured,[14] and eight farmers in Bangui and three indigenous community members in Vintar were "salvaged" in 1984.[14]

Ilocanos who were critical of Marcos' authoritarian rule included Roman Catholic Archbishop and Agoo, La Union native Antonio L. Mabutas, who spoke actively against the torture and killings of church workers.[15][16] Other La Union natives who fought the dictatorship were student activists student activists Romulo and Armando Palabay of San Fernando, La Union, whose torture and death in a military camp in Pampanga would lead them to being honored as martyrs in the fight against the dictatorship in the Philippines' Bantayog ng mga Bayani memorial.[17]

In Ilocos Norte, one of the prominent victims of the Martial Law era who came from Laoag was Catholic layperson and social worker Purificacion Pedro, who volunteered in organizations protesting the Chico River Dam Project in the nearby Cordillera Central mountains.[18] Wounded while visiting activist friends in Bataan, she was later killed by Marcos administration soldiers while recuperating in the hospital.[19][20] Another prominent opponent of the martial law regime was human rights advocate and Bombo Radyo Laoag program host David Bueno, who worked with the Free Legal Assistance Group in Ilocos Norte during the later part of the Marcos administration and the early part of the succeeding Aquino administration. He would later be assassinated by motorcycle-riding men in fatigue uniforms on October 22, 1987 – part of a wave of assassinations which coincided with the 1986-87 coup d'état which tried to unseat the democratic government set up after the 1986 People Power Revolution.[21] Both Bueno and Pedro were later honored among the first 65 people to have their names inscribed on the wall of remembrance of the Philippines' Bantayog ng mga Bayani, which honors the martyrs and heroes who fought the dictatorship,[22] and Pedro was listed among Filipino Catholics nominated to be named Servant of God.[23]

Transfer of provinces to the Cordillera Administrative Region

When the Cordillera Administrative Region was established under Corazon Aquino, the indigenous provinces of Abra, Mountain Province, and Benguet were transferred into the newly formed region.

Geography

 
Political Map of Ilocos Region

The Ilocos Region is divided into two contrasting geographical features. The Ilocos provinces occupy the narrow plain between the Cordillera Central mountain range and the South China Sea, whereas Pangasinan occupies the northwestern portion of the vast Central Luzon plain, having Zambales Mountains as its natural western limit.

Lingayen Gulf is the most notable body of water in Pangasinan and it contains several islands, including the Hundred Islands National Park. To the north of Ilocos is Luzon Strait.

The Agno River runs through Pangasinan from Benguet, flowing into a broad delta at the vicinities of Lingayen and Dagupan before emptying into the Lingayen Gulf.

Administrative divisions

The Ilocos Region comprises 4 provinces, 1 independent component city, 8 component cities, 116 municipalities, and 3,265 barangays.[24]

Provinces

Province Capital Population (2020)[25] Area[26] Density Cities Muni. Barangay
km2 sq mi /km2 /sq mi
Ilocos Norte Laoag 11.5% 609,588 3,418.75 1,319.99 180 470 2 21 559
Ilocos Sur Vigan 13.3% 706,009 2,596.00 1,002.32 270 700 2 32 768
La Union San Fernando 15.5% 822,352 1,499.28 578.88 550 1,400 1 19 576
Pangasinan Lingayen 59.7% 3,163,190 5,450.59 2,104.48 580 1,500 4 44 1,364
Total 5,301,139 12,964.62 5,005.67 410 1,100 9 116 3,267

• Figures for Pangasinan include the independent component city of Dagupan.

Governors and vice governors
Province Image Governor Political Party Vice Governor
Ilocos Norte
   Matthew Marcos Manotoc Nacionalista Cecilia Araneta Marcos
 
Ilocos Sur
   Jeremias C. Singson NPC Ryan Luis Singson
 
La Union
   Raphaelle Veronica Ortega-David PDDS Mario Eduardo Ortega
 
Pangasinan
   Ramon Guico III Nacionalista Mark Ronald DG. Lambino

Cities and municipalities

  •  †  Regional center

Economy

Poverty Incidence of Ilocos Region
Source: Philippine Statistics Authority[29][30]
[31][32][33][34][35]

Although the economy in the southern portion of the region, especially Pangasinan, is anchored on agro-industrial and service industry, the economy in the northern portion of the region is anchored in the agricultural sector. The economy in Pangasinan is driven by agro-industrial businesses , such as milkfish (bangus) cultivation and processing, livestock raising, fish paste processing (bagoong), and others. Income in the Ilocos provinces or northern portion mostly come from cultivating rice, tobacco, corn, sugarcane, and fruits; raising livestock such as pigs, chicken, goats, and carabaos (water buffalos).

The distribution of the economic activity in the region may be seen from the collection of tax revenue of the national government. The bulk of the collections come from Pangasinan, which posted 61% of the total.[36]

The service and light manufacturing industries are concentrated in the cities. Dagupan is mostly driven by its local entrepreneurs, which have started to expand its network up to the national level such as the CSI Group, Magic Group, BHF Group of companies, Guanzon Group, St Joseph Drugs, Siapno-Tada Optical, among others. San Fernando in La Union also has an international shipping port and the upgraded San Fernando Airport. While Laoag in Ilocos Norte has an international airport.

The tourism industry, driven by local airlines and land transportation firms in the area like Pangasinan Solid North Bus, Dagupan Bus Company, Farinas Transit Company and Partas, focuses on the coastal beaches and on eco-tourism. There are fine sands stretching along Lingayen Gulf area notably the historic Tondaligan Beach in Dagupan and the rest of the region.[citation needed]

The region is also rich in crafts, with renowned blanket-weaving and pottery.[citation needed] The Ilocanos' burnay pottery is well known for its dark colored clay.[citation needed][37]

Demographics

Population census of Ilocos Region
YearPop.±% p.a.
1903 948,935—    
1918 1,210,909+1.64%
1939 1,459,294+0.89%
1948 1,685,564+1.61%
1960 2,042,865+1.61%
1970 2,488,391+1.99%
1975 2,726,220+1.85%
1980 2,922,892+1.40%
1990 3,550,642+1.96%
1995 3,803,890+1.30%
2000 4,200,478+2.15%
2007 4,546,789+1.10%
2010 4,748,372+1.59%
2015 5,026,128+1.09%
2020 5,301,139+1.05%
Source: Philippine Statistics Authority[38]

The Ilocos provinces are the historical homeland of the Ilocanos. In the 2000 Census, the Ilocanos comprised 64% of the region, Pangasinan people 32.5%, and the Tagalogs 3%.[6]

Pangasinan is the historical homeland of the Pangasinans. The population of Pangasinan comprises approximately 60% of the total population of the region. The Ilocanos started migrating to Pangasinan in the 19th century.[39] Pangasinan was formerly a province of Region III (Central Luzon) before President Marcos signed Presidential Decree No. 1, 1972, incorporating it into Region I. Minority groups include the Tingguian and Isneg communities that inhabit the foothills of the Cordillera mountains.

The population is predominantly Roman Catholic with strong adherents of Protestantism such as the Aglipayan denomination further north of the country. There are also adherents to other religions, such as Iglesia ni Cristo, Mormons, and the like. There is also an undercurrent of traditional animistic beliefs especially in rural areas. The small mercantile Chinese and Indian communities are primarily Buddhists, Taoists, and Hindus.[citation needed]

Culture and the arts

 
Tampuhan by Juan Luna

The Ilocos region is noted for its distinctive culture, shaped by the austere demands of its geography.[40]: 55 

The region has given birth to numerous artists who have won national acclaim - among the most notable being writer and activist Isabelo de los Reyes of Vigan who helped publish the earliest currently-extant text of Biag ni Lam-Ang; Badoc-born Philippine Revolution era activist and leader Juan Luna; and Binalonan-born Carlos Bulosan, whose novel America is in the Heart has become regarded as "[t]he premier text of the Filipino-American experience."[41]

The region is also home to several National Artists of the Philippines, including National Artist for Theater Severino Montano who was conferred the honor in 2001,[42] and National Artist for Dance Lucrecia Kasilag, who was conferred the honor in 1989.

Notable people

 
A view of San Fernando, La Union

See also

References

  1. ^ "POPULATION PROJECTIONS BY REGION, PROVINCE, CITIES AND MUNICIPALITIES, 2020-2025". www.doh.gov.ph. Department of Health. August 27, 2020. Retrieved October 16, 2020.
  2. ^ Census of Population (2015). "Region I (Ilocos Region)". Total Population by Province, City, Municipality and Barangay. PSA. Retrieved June 20, 2016.
  3. ^ a b "Gross Regional Domestic Product". openstat.psa.gov.ph. Philippine Statistics Authority. Retrieved May 20, 2021.
  4. ^ "Sub-national HDI – Area Database – Global Data Lab". hdi.globaldatalab.org. Retrieved March 13, 2020.
  5. ^ "Overview of the Region | DepEd RO1".
  6. ^ a b . Philippine Statistics Authority. January 31, 2003. Archived from the original on April 28, 2003. Retrieved March 29, 2016.
  7. ^ Panela, Shaira (March 19, 2017). "Looking into the past through the eyes of the future". Rappler. from the original on January 3, 2022. Retrieved January 3, 2022.
  8. ^ Scott, William (1974). The Discovery of the Igorots. Quezon City: New Day Publishers. p. 58. ISBN 9711000873.
  9. ^ a b c Sals, Florent Joseph (2005). The History of Agoo: 1578-2005. La Union: Limbagan Printhouse. p. 80.
  10. ^ Mendoza-Cortes, Rosario (1974). Pangasinan, 1572-1800. Quezon City: University of the Philippines Press.
  11. ^ Culture and History by Nick Joaquin
  12. ^ "Presidential Decree No. 1, s. 1972". September 24, 1972. Retrieved May 27, 2019.
  13. ^ "Presidential Decree No. 224, s. 1973". June 22, 1973. Retrieved November 5, 2016.
  14. ^ a b c "Ilocanos remember dark days of martial law, vow to continue fight". October 2, 2012.
  15. ^ a b "Honoring Davao's Contributions to the Struggle for Rights, Freedom". Bantayog ng mga Bayani. February 23, 2018. from the original on February 28, 2018. Retrieved February 8, 2020.
  16. ^ a b Maglana, MAgz (July 10, 2017). . MindaNews. Archived from the original on February 8, 2020. Retrieved February 8, 2020.
  17. ^ a b "PALABAY, Armando D. – Bantayog ng mga Bayani". bantayog.org. January 18, 2017. Retrieved January 22, 2020.
  18. ^ "MARTYRS & HEROES: PEDRO, Purificacion A." July 13, 2016.
  19. ^ Remollino, Alexander Martin (December 14–20, 2003). "Human Rights Martyrs of the Word". www.bulatlat.com. from the original on March 12, 2004.
  20. ^ "No Way to Go But Onwards! Philippine Religious Resist Marcos Repression" (PDF). Christian Conference of Asia: CCA News. Christian Conference of Asia. 18 (3): 4. March 1983.
  21. ^ Clarke, Gerard (2006). The Politics of NGOs in Southeast Asia. Routledge.
  22. ^ "A Tribute to Human Rights Lawyer David Bueno (1988)". August 19, 2015.
  23. ^ "Philippines". newsaints.faithweb.com. from the original on October 9, 2019.
  24. ^ . National Statistical Coordination Board. Archived from the original on October 13, 2008. Retrieved January 9, 2011.
  25. ^ "POPULATION PROJECTIONS BY REGION, PROVINCE, CITIES AND MUNICIPALITIES, 2020-2025". www.doh.gov.ph. Department of Health. August 27, 2020. Retrieved October 16, 2020.
  26. ^ . Philippine Statistics Authority. Archived from the original on January 11, 2013. Retrieved March 30, 2016.
  27. ^ Census of Population (2020). "Region I (Ilocos Region)". Total Population by Province, City, Municipality and Barangay. PSA. Retrieved July 8, 2021.
  28. ^ . Philippine Statistics Authority. Archived from the original on April 29, 2011. Retrieved March 29, 2016.
  29. ^ "Poverty incidence (PI):". Philippine Statistics Authority. Retrieved December 28, 2020.
  30. ^ https://psa.gov.ph/sites/default/files/NSCB_LocalPovertyPhilippines_0.pdf; publication date: 29 November 2005; publisher: Philippine Statistics Authority.
  31. ^ https://psa.gov.ph/sites/default/files/2009%20Poverty%20Statistics.pdf; publication date: 8 February 2011; publisher: Philippine Statistics Authority.
  32. ^ https://psa.gov.ph/sites/default/files/Table%202.%20%20Annual%20Per%20Capita%20Poverty%20Threshold%2C%20Poverty%20Incidence%20and%20Magnitude%20of%20Poor%20Population%2C%20by%20Region%20and%20Province%20%20-%202006%2C%202009%2C%202012%20and%202015.xlsx; publication date: 27 August 2016; publisher: Philippine Statistics Authority.
  33. ^ https://psa.gov.ph/sites/default/files/Table%202.%20%20Annual%20Per%20Capita%20Poverty%20Threshold%2C%20Poverty%20Incidence%20and%20Magnitude%20of%20Poor%20Population%2C%20by%20Region%20and%20Province%20%20-%202006%2C%202009%2C%202012%20and%202015.xlsx; publication date: 27 August 2016; publisher: Philippine Statistics Authority.
  34. ^ https://psa.gov.ph/sites/default/files/Table%202.%20%20Annual%20Per%20Capita%20Poverty%20Threshold%2C%20Poverty%20Incidence%20and%20Magnitude%20of%20Poor%20Population%2C%20by%20Region%20and%20Province%20%20-%202006%2C%202009%2C%202012%20and%202015.xlsx; publication date: 27 August 2016; publisher: Philippine Statistics Authority.
  35. ^ https://psa.gov.ph/sites/default/files/Table%202.%20%20Updated%20Annual%20Per%20Capita%20Poverty%20Threshold%2C%20Poverty%20Incidence%20and%20Magnitude%20of%20Poor%20Population%20with%20Measures%20of%20Precision%2C%20by%20Region%20and%20Province_2015%20and%202018.xlsx; publication date: 4 June 2020; publisher: Philippine Statistics Authority.
  36. ^ . Archived from the original on June 14, 2006. Retrieved July 2, 2006.
  37. ^ www.dti.gov.ph https://www.dti.gov.ph/regions/region-1/profile/. Retrieved November 5, 2021. {{cite web}}: Missing or empty |title= (help)
  38. ^ (PDF). 2010 Census and Housing Population. Philippine Statistics Authority. Archived from the original (PDF) on September 28, 2013. Retrieved August 9, 2013.
  39. ^ Rosario Mendoza Cortes, Pangasinan, 1801–1900: The Beginnings of Modernization
  40. ^ Fernandez, Doreen (2020). Tikim : essays on Philippine food and culture. Leiden ; Boston. ISBN 978-90-04-41479-2. OCLC 1114270889.
  41. ^ "America Is in the Heart: A Personal History" by Carlos Bulosan (Introduction by Carey McWilliams) 2010-08-23 at the Wayback Machine, University of Washington Press, washington.edu
  42. ^ . www.ncca.gov.ph. Archived from the original on September 28, 2007. Retrieved January 11, 2022.
  43. ^ Armando Palabay (YouTube Video). Commission on Human Rights of the Philippines. Archived from the original on December 12, 2021.

External links

  •   Media related to Ilocos Region at Wikimedia Commons
  •   Ilocos Region travel guide from Wikivoyage
  •   Geographic data related to Ilocos Region at OpenStreetMap  

December 27, 2022
ilocos, region, this, article, needs, additional, citations, verification, please, help, improve, this, article, adding, citations, reliable, sources, unsourced, material, challenged, removed, find, sources, news, newspapers, books, scholar, jstor, january, 20. This article needs additional citations for verification Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources Unsourced material may be challenged and removed Find sources Ilocos Region news newspapers books scholar JSTOR January 2008 Learn how and when to remove this template message Ilocos Region Ilocano Rehion Deppaar ti Ilocos Pangasinan Sagor na Baybay na Luzon Rehiyon Uno Tagalog Rehiyon ng Ilocos is an administrative region of the Philippines designated as Region I occupying the northwestern section of Luzon and part of Central Luzon plain primarily by Pangasinan It is bordered by the Cordillera Administrative Region to the east the Cagayan Valley to the northeast and southeast and the Central Luzon to the south To the west lies the South China Sea 5 Ilocos Region Rehion ti Ilocos Sagor na Baybay na Luzon Rehiyon na Sagor Luzon Region IRegionFrom top Paoay Church Calle Crisologo Bangui Wind FarmMa Cho Temple Hundred Islands National ParkLocation in the PhilippinesOpenStreetMapCoordinates 16 37 N 120 19 E 16 62 N 120 32 E 16 62 120 32 Coordinates 16 37 N 120 19 E 16 62 N 120 32 E 16 62 120 32Country PhilippinesIsland groupLuzonRegional centerSan Fernando La Union Largest citySan Carlos Pangasinan Area Total13 013 60 km2 5 024 58 sq mi Highest elevation Mount Sicapoo 2 361 m 7 746 ft Population 2020 census 2 Total5 301 139 Estimate 2020 5 220 807 1 Density410 km2 1 100 sq mi Time zoneUTC 8 PST ISO 3166 codePH 01Provinces4 Ilocos NorteIlocos SurLa UnionPangasinanIndependent Cities1 Dagupan CityComponent Cities8 AlaminosBatacCandonLaoagSan CarlosSan FernandoUrdanetaViganMunicipalities116Barangays3 267Cong districts12LanguagesIlocano Iloko PangasinanBolinaoKankana eyItnegIsnagIbaloiEnglishFilipinoGDP 2021 643 billion 13 billion 3 Growth rate 4 6 3 HDI0 743 High HDI rank6th in Philippines 2019 The region comprises four provinces Ilocos Norte Ilocos Sur La Union and Pangasinan and one independent city Dagupan City Its regional center is San Fernando La Union whereas the largest settlement is San Carlos City Pangasinan The 2000 Census reported that the major languages spoken in the region are Ilocano at 64 of the total population at that time Pangasinan with 32 5 and Tagalog and other languages with 3 21 6 Contents 1 History 1 1 Prehistory 1 2 Early history 1 3 Spanish colonial era 1 4 American colonial era and World War II 1 5 Post independence period 1 6 Martial law era 1 7 Transfer of provinces to the Cordillera Administrative Region 2 Geography 2 1 Administrative divisions 2 1 1 Provinces 2 1 1 1 Governors and vice governors 2 2 Cities and municipalities 3 Economy 4 Demographics 5 Culture and the arts 6 Notable people 7 See also 8 References 9 External linksHistory EditPrehistory Edit The region was first inhabited by the aboriginal Negritos before they were pushed by successive waves of Austronesian immigrants that penetrated the narrow coast Tingguians Igorot in the interior Ilocanos in the north Pangasinenses in the south and Zambals in the southwesternmost areas settled the region Early history Edit As commercial trading routes became established in Southeast Asia the pre Hispanic Luyag na Caboloan present day Pangasinan area in the vicinity of Lingayen gulf became maritime trading centers as gold mined from the Cordillera Mountain Range came down along the Aringay Tonglo Balatok gold trail 7 8 and was also traded in the neighboring settlement of Agoo whose coast at the time was shaped in such a way that it was a good harbor for foreign vessels 9 10 Evidence of trade between the then Pangasinense port of Agoo and China has been excavated in the form of porcelain and pottery pieces unearthed at the site of the Catholic church during its renovation which are now kept in the Museo de Iloko 9 Japanese fishermen eventually established their first settlement in the Philippines there passing on their fishing skills and technologies to the local populace 9 Spanish colonial era Edit The Spanish arrived in the 16th century and established Christian missions and governmental institutions to control the native population and convert them to Catholicism Present day Vigan in Ilocos Sur province became the diocesan seat of Nueva Segovia Ilocanos in the northern parts were less easily swayed however and remained an area filled with deep resentments against Spain These resentments surfaced at various points in the Ilocos provinces history as insurrections most notably that of Andres Malong and Palaris of Pangasinan Diego Silang and his wife Gabriela Silang in 1764 and the Basi Revolt in the 19th century However it was the Pangasinans in the south who were the last to stand against the Spaniards 11 better source needed American colonial era and World War II Edit In 1901 the region came under American colonial rule and in 1941 under Japanese occupation During 1945 the combined American and the Philippine Commonwealth troops including with the Ilocano and Pangasinan guerillas liberated the Ilocos Region from Japanese forces during the Second World War Post independence period Edit Several presidents of the Republic of the Philippines hailed from the Region Elpidio Quirino Ferdinand Marcos and Fidel V Ramos The province of Pangasinan was transferred by Ferdinand Marcos from Region III into Region I in 1973 and afterwards imposed a migration policy for Ilokanos into Pangasinan to the moderate detriment of the native Pangasinenses Before the administration of Ferdinand Marcos Pangasinan was not a part of the region 12 He also included Abra Mountain Province and Benguet in the Ilocos region in a bid to expand Ilokano influence among the ethnic peoples of the Cordilleras 13 Martial law era Edit Various human rights violations were documented in the Ilocos region during the Marcos martial law era despite public perception that the region was supportive of Marcos administration 14 In Ilocos Norte various farmers from the towns of Vintar Dumalneg Solsona Marcos and Piddig were documented to have been tortured 14 and eight farmers in Bangui and three indigenous community members in Vintar were salvaged in 1984 14 Ilocanos who were critical of Marcos authoritarian rule included Roman Catholic Archbishop and Agoo La Union native Antonio L Mabutas who spoke actively against the torture and killings of church workers 15 16 Other La Union natives who fought the dictatorship were student activists student activists Romulo and Armando Palabay of San Fernando La Union whose torture and death in a military camp in Pampanga would lead them to being honored as martyrs in the fight against the dictatorship in the Philippines Bantayog ng mga Bayani memorial 17 In Ilocos Norte one of the prominent victims of the Martial Law era who came from Laoag was Catholic layperson and social worker Purificacion Pedro who volunteered in organizations protesting the Chico River Dam Project in the nearby Cordillera Central mountains 18 Wounded while visiting activist friends in Bataan she was later killed by Marcos administration soldiers while recuperating in the hospital 19 20 Another prominent opponent of the martial law regime was human rights advocate and Bombo Radyo Laoag program host David Bueno who worked with the Free Legal Assistance Group in Ilocos Norte during the later part of the Marcos administration and the early part of the succeeding Aquino administration He would later be assassinated by motorcycle riding men in fatigue uniforms on October 22 1987 part of a wave of assassinations which coincided with the 1986 87 coup d etat which tried to unseat the democratic government set up after the 1986 People Power Revolution 21 Both Bueno and Pedro were later honored among the first 65 people to have their names inscribed on the wall of remembrance of the Philippines Bantayog ng mga Bayani which honors the martyrs and heroes who fought the dictatorship 22 and Pedro was listed among Filipino Catholics nominated to be named Servant of God 23 Transfer of provinces to the Cordillera Administrative Region Edit When the Cordillera Administrative Region was established under Corazon Aquino the indigenous provinces of Abra Mountain Province and Benguet were transferred into the newly formed region Geography Edit Political Map of Ilocos Region The Ilocos Region is divided into two contrasting geographical features The Ilocos provinces occupy the narrow plain between the Cordillera Central mountain range and the South China Sea whereas Pangasinan occupies the northwestern portion of the vast Central Luzon plain having Zambales Mountains as its natural western limit Lingayen Gulf is the most notable body of water in Pangasinan and it contains several islands including the Hundred Islands National Park To the north of Ilocos is Luzon Strait The Agno River runs through Pangasinan from Benguet flowing into a broad delta at the vicinities of Lingayen and Dagupan before emptying into the Lingayen Gulf Administrative divisions Edit The Ilocos Region comprises 4 provinces 1 independent component city 8 component cities 116 municipalities and 3 265 barangays 24 Provinces Edit Province Capital Population 2020 25 Area 26 Density Cities Muni Barangaykm2 sq mi km2 sq miIlocos Norte Laoag 11 5 609 588 3 418 75 1 319 99 180 470 2 21 559Ilocos Sur Vigan 13 3 706 009 2 596 00 1 002 32 270 700 2 32 768La Union San Fernando 15 5 822 352 1 499 28 578 88 550 1 400 1 19 576Pangasinan Lingayen 59 7 3 163 190 5 450 59 2 104 48 580 1 500 4 44 1 364Total 5 301 139 12 964 62 5 005 67 410 1 100 9 116 3 267 Figures for Pangasinan include the independent component city of Dagupan Governors and vice governors Edit Province Image Governor Political Party Vice GovernorIlocos Norte Matthew Marcos Manotoc Nacionalista Cecilia Araneta Marcos Ilocos Sur Jeremias C Singson NPC Ryan Luis Singson La Union Raphaelle Veronica Ortega David PDDS Mario Eduardo Ortega Pangasinan Ramon Guico III Nacionalista Mark Ronald DG LambinoCities and municipalities Edit Regional center City Municipality Population 2020 27 Area 28 Density Class Income class Provincekm2 sq mi km2 sq miAdams 2 189 159 31 61 51 14 36 Municipality 5th Ilocos NorteAgno 29 947 169 75 65 54 180 470 Municipality 3rd PangasinanAgoo 66 028 52 84 20 40 1 200 3 100 Municipality 1st La UnionAguilar 45 100 195 07 75 32 230 600 Municipality 3rd PangasinanAlaminos 99 397 164 26 63 42 610 1 600 Component City 4th PangasinanAlcala 48 908 45 71 17 65 1 100 2 800 Municipality 3rd PangasinanAlilem 7 361 119 33 46 07 62 160 Municipality 4th Ilocos SurAnda 41 548 74 55 28 78 560 1 500 Municipality 3rd PangasinanAringay 50 380 84 54 32 64 600 1 600 Municipality 2nd La UnionAsingan 57 811 66 64 25 73 870 2 300 Municipality 2nd PangasinanBacarra 33 496 65 32 25 22 510 1 300 Municipality 3rd Ilocos NorteBacnotan 44 388 76 60 29 58 580 1 500 Municipality 1st La UnionBadoc 32 530 76 68 29 61 420 1 100 Municipality 2nd Ilocos NorteBagulin 14 428 107 33 41 44 130 340 Municipality 5th La UnionBalaoan 40 339 68 70 26 53 590 1 500 Municipality 1st La UnionBalungao 30 004 73 25 28 28 410 1 100 Municipality 4th PangasinanBanayoyo 7 931 24 63 9 51 320 830 Municipality 4th Ilocos SurBangar 38 041 37 36 14 42 1 000 2 600 Municipality 3rd La UnionBangui 15 019 112 98 43 62 130 340 Municipality 4th Ilocos NorteBani 52 603 179 65 69 36 290 750 Municipality 2nd PangasinanBanna 19 297 92 73 35 80 210 540 Municipality 4th Ilocos NorteBantay 37 118 76 60 29 58 480 1 200 Municipality 1st Ilocos SurBasista 37 679 24 00 9 27 1 600 4 100 Municipality 4th PangasinanBatac City 55 484 161 06 62 19 340 880 Component City 5th Ilocos NorteBauang 78 449 73 15 28 24 1 100 2 800 Municipality 1st La UnionBautista 35 398 46 33 17 89 760 2 000 Municipality 4th PangasinanBayambang 129 011 143 94 55 58 900 2 300 Municipality 1st PangasinanBinalonan 56 382 47 57 18 37 1 200 3 100 Municipality 1st PangasinanBinmaley 86 881 118 50 45 75 730 1 900 Municipality 1st PangasinanBolinao 83 979 197 22 76 15 430 1 100 Municipality 1st PangasinanBugallon 74 962 189 64 73 22 400 1 000 Municipality 2nd PangasinanBurgos 10 759 128 90 49 77 83 210 Municipality 5th Ilocos NorteBurgos 12 793 44 38 17 14 290 750 Municipality 4th Ilocos SurBurgos 9 006 70 80 27 34 130 340 Municipality 5th La UnionBurgos 23 749 131 32 50 70 180 470 Municipality 4th PangasinanCaba 23 119 46 31 17 88 500 1 300 Municipality 4th La UnionCabugao 38 884 95 56 36 90 410 1 100 Municipality 1st Ilocos SurCalasiao 100 471 48 36 18 67 2 100 5 400 Municipality 1st PangasinanCandon City 61 432 103 28 39 88 590 1 500 Component City 4th Ilocos SurCaoayan 19 574 17 42 6 73 1 100 2 800 Municipality 4th Ilocos SurCarasi 1 607 82 97 32 03 19 49 Municipality 5th Ilocos NorteCervantes 19 449 234 70 90 62 83 210 Municipality 4th Ilocos SurCurrimao 12 215 34 08 13 16 360 930 Municipality 4th Ilocos NorteDagupan City 174 302 44 47 17 17 3 900 10 000 Independent Component City 2nd PangasinanDasol 31 355 166 60 64 32 190 490 Municipality 3rd PangasinanDingras 40 127 96 00 37 07 420 1 100 Municipality 2nd Ilocos NorteDumalneg 3 087 88 48 34 16 35 91 Municipality 5th Ilocos NorteGalimuyod 10 244 34 40 13 28 300 780 Municipality 4th Ilocos SurGregorio del Pilar 4 472 41 66 16 09 110 280 Municipality 5th Ilocos SurInfanta 26 242 254 29 98 18 100 260 Municipality 3rd PangasinanLabrador 26 811 90 99 35 13 290 750 Municipality 4th PangasinanLaoac 34 128 40 50 15 64 840 2 200 Municipality 4th PangasinanLaoag City 111 651 116 08 44 82 960 2 500 Component City 3rd Ilocos NorteLidlidda 4 705 33 84 13 07 140 360 Municipality 5th Ilocos SurLingayen 107 728 62 76 24 23 1 700 4 400 Municipality 1st PangasinanLuna 37 318 42 90 16 56 870 2 300 Municipality 3rd La UnionMabini 26 454 291 01 112 36 91 240 Municipality 3rd PangasinanMagsingal 31 308 84 98 32 81 370 960 Municipality 3rd Ilocos SurMalasiqui 143 094 131 37 50 72 1 100 2 800 Municipality 1st PangasinanManaoag 76 045 55 95 21 60 1 400 3 600 Municipality 1st PangasinanMangaldan 113 185 48 47 18 71 2 300 6 000 Municipality 1st PangasinanMangatarem 79 323 317 50 122 59 250 650 Municipality 1st PangasinanMapandan 38 058 30 00 11 58 1 300 3 400 Municipality 3rd PangasinanMarcos 18 010 72 77 28 10 250 650 Municipality 4th Ilocos NorteNagbukel 5 465 43 12 16 65 130 340 Municipality 5th Ilocos SurNaguilian 52 189 104 60 40 39 500 1 300 Municipality 1st La UnionNarvacan 46 234 122 21 47 19 380 980 Municipality 2nd Ilocos SurNatividad 25 771 134 36 51 88 190 490 Municipality 4th PangasinanNueva Era 11 968 515 02 198 85 23 60 Municipality 3rd Ilocos NortePagudpud 25 098 194 90 75 25 130 340 Municipality 4th Ilocos NortePaoay 25 001 76 24 29 44 330 850 Municipality 4th Ilocos NortePasuquin 29 678 210 54 81 29 140 360 Municipality 3rd Ilocos NortePiddig 22 475 216 20 83 48 100 260 Municipality 3rd Ilocos NortePinili 17 626 89 48 34 55 200 520 Municipality 4th Ilocos NortePozorrubio 74 729 134 60 51 97 560 1 500 Municipality 1st PangasinanPugo 19 337 62 84 24 26 310 800 Municipality 5th La UnionQuirino 9 306 240 10 92 70 39 100 Municipality 4th Ilocos SurRosales 66 711 66 39 25 63 1 000 2 600 Municipality 1st PangasinanRosario 60 278 73 98 28 56 810 2 100 Municipality 1st La UnionSalcedo 11 110 103 44 39 94 110 280 Municipality 4th Ilocos SurSan Carlos City 205 424 169 03 65 26 1 200 3 100 Component City 3rd PangasinanSan Emilio 7 206 141 44 54 61 51 130 Municipality 4th Ilocos SurSan Esteban 8 381 19 62 7 58 430 1 100 Municipality 5th Ilocos SurSan Fabian 87 428 81 28 31 38 1 100 2 800 Municipality 1st Pangasinan San Fernando City 125 640 102 72 39 66 1 200 3 100 Component City 3rd La UnionSan Gabriel 18 943 129 87 50 14 150 390 Municipality 4th La UnionSan Ildefonso 8 190 11 35 4 38 720 1 900 Municipality 5th Ilocos SurSan Jacinto 44 351 44 18 17 06 1 000 2 600 Municipality 3rd PangasinanSan Juan 26 674 64 37 24 85 410 1 100 Municipality 3rd Ilocos SurSan Juan 40 507 57 12 22 05 710 1 800 Municipality 2nd La UnionSan Manuel 54 271 129 18 49 88 420 1 100 Municipality 1st PangasinanSan Nicolas 38 895 40 18 15 51 970 2 500 Municipality 2nd Ilocos NorteSan Nicolas 39 778 210 20 81 16 190 490 Municipality 1st PangasinanSan Quintin 33 980 115 90 44 75 290 750 Municipality 3rd PangasinanSan Vicente 13 118 12 60 4 86 1 000 2 600 Municipality 5th Ilocos SurSanta 14 992 109 10 42 12 140 360 Municipality 4th Ilocos SurSanta Barbara 92 187 61 37 23 70 1 500 3 900 Municipality 1st PangasinanSanta Catalina 14 493 9 68 3 74 1 500 3 900 Municipality 5th Ilocos SurSanta Cruz 41 366 88 78 34 28 470 1 200 Municipality 1st Ilocos SurSanta Lucia 25 966 49 72 19 20 520 1 300 Municipality 3rd Ilocos SurSanta Maria 30 006 63 31 24 44 470 1 200 Municipality 3rd Ilocos SurSanta Maria 34 220 69 50 26 83 490 1 300 Municipality 4th PangasinanSantiago 19 471 46 36 17 90 420 1 100 Municipality 4th Ilocos SurSanto Domingo 29 041 55 49 21 42 520 1 300 Municipality 3rd Ilocos SurSanto Tomas 40 846 64 00 24 71 640 1 700 Municipality 4th La UnionSanto Tomas 14 878 12 99 5 02 1 100 2 800 Municipality 5th PangasinanSantol 14 166 93 70 36 18 150 390 Municipality 4th La UnionSarrat 25 186 57 39 22 16 440 1 100 Municipality 1st Ilocos NorteSigay 2 552 81 55 31 49 31 80 Municipality 5th Ilocos SurSinait 25 998 65 56 25 31 400 1 000 Municipality 3rd Ilocos SurSison 52 320 81 88 31 61 640 1 700 Municipality 3rd PangasinanSolsona 24 851 166 23 64 18 150 390 Municipality 3rd Ilocos NorteSual 39 091 130 16 50 26 300 780 Municipality 1st PangasinanSudipen 17 187 97 59 37 68 180 470 Municipality 4th La UnionSugpon 4 930 57 11 22 05 86 220 Municipality 5th Ilocos SurSuyo 10 766 124 00 47 88 87 230 Municipality 4th Ilocos SurTagudin 41 538 151 19 58 37 270 700 Municipality 2nd Ilocos SurTayug 45 241 51 24 19 78 880 2 300 Municipality 3rd PangasinanTubao 31 763 50 75 19 59 630 1 600 Municipality 4th La UnionUmingan 77 074 258 43 99 78 300 780 Municipality 1st PangasinanUrbiztondo 55 557 81 80 31 58 680 1 800 Municipality 3rd PangasinanUrdaneta City 144 577 100 26 38 71 1 400 3 600 Component City 2nd PangasinanVigan City 53 935 25 12 9 70 2 100 5 400 Component City 4th Ilocos SurVillasis 65 047 75 83 29 28 860 2 200 Municipality 1st PangasinanVintar 33 339 614 35 237 20 54 140 Municipality 1st Ilocos NorteEconomy EditPoverty Incidence of Ilocos Region Source Philippine Statistics Authority 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 Although the economy in the southern portion of the region especially Pangasinan is anchored on agro industrial and service industry the economy in the northern portion of the region is anchored in the agricultural sector The economy in Pangasinan is driven by agro industrial businesses such as milkfish bangus cultivation and processing livestock raising fish paste processing bagoong and others Income in the Ilocos provinces or northern portion mostly come from cultivating rice tobacco corn sugarcane and fruits raising livestock such as pigs chicken goats and carabaos water buffalos The distribution of the economic activity in the region may be seen from the collection of tax revenue of the national government The bulk of the collections come from Pangasinan which posted 61 of the total 36 The service and light manufacturing industries are concentrated in the cities Dagupan is mostly driven by its local entrepreneurs which have started to expand its network up to the national level such as the CSI Group Magic Group BHF Group of companies Guanzon Group St Joseph Drugs Siapno Tada Optical among others San Fernando in La Union also has an international shipping port and the upgraded San Fernando Airport While Laoag in Ilocos Norte has an international airport The tourism industry driven by local airlines and land transportation firms in the area like Pangasinan Solid North Bus Dagupan Bus Company Farinas Transit Company and Partas focuses on the coastal beaches and on eco tourism There are fine sands stretching along Lingayen Gulf area notably the historic Tondaligan Beach in Dagupan and the rest of the region citation needed The region is also rich in crafts with renowned blanket weaving and pottery citation needed The Ilocanos burnay pottery is well known for its dark colored clay citation needed 37 Demographics EditPopulation census of Ilocos RegionYearPop p a 1903948 935 19181 210 909 1 64 19391 459 294 0 89 19481 685 564 1 61 19602 042 865 1 61 19702 488 391 1 99 19752 726 220 1 85 19802 922 892 1 40 19903 550 642 1 96 19953 803 890 1 30 20004 200 478 2 15 20074 546 789 1 10 20104 748 372 1 59 20155 026 128 1 09 20205 301 139 1 05 Source Philippine Statistics Authority 38 The Ilocos provinces are the historical homeland of the Ilocanos In the 2000 Census the Ilocanos comprised 64 of the region Pangasinan people 32 5 and the Tagalogs 3 6 Pangasinan is the historical homeland of the Pangasinans The population of Pangasinan comprises approximately 60 of the total population of the region The Ilocanos started migrating to Pangasinan in the 19th century 39 Pangasinan was formerly a province of Region III Central Luzon before President Marcos signed Presidential Decree No 1 1972 incorporating it into Region I Minority groups include the Tingguian and Isneg communities that inhabit the foothills of the Cordillera mountains The population is predominantly Roman Catholic with strong adherents of Protestantism such as the Aglipayan denomination further north of the country There are also adherents to other religions such as Iglesia ni Cristo Mormons and the like There is also an undercurrent of traditional animistic beliefs especially in rural areas The small mercantile Chinese and Indian communities are primarily Buddhists Taoists and Hindus citation needed Culture and the arts Edit Tampuhan by Juan Luna The Ilocos region is noted for its distinctive culture shaped by the austere demands of its geography 40 55 The region has given birth to numerous artists who have won national acclaim among the most notable being writer and activist Isabelo de los Reyes of Vigan who helped publish the earliest currently extant text of Biag ni Lam Ang Badoc born Philippine Revolution era activist and leader Juan Luna and Binalonan born Carlos Bulosan whose novel America is in the Heart has become regarded as t he premier text of the Filipino American experience 41 The region is also home to several National Artists of the Philippines including National Artist for Theater Severino Montano who was conferred the honor in 2001 42 and National Artist for Dance Lucrecia Kasilag who was conferred the honor in 1989 Notable people Edit A view of San Fernando La Union Elpidio Quirino sixth President of the Philippines Ferdinand Marcos tenth President of the Philippines Fidel V Ramos twelfth President of the Philippines from Pangasinan Bongbong Marcos seventeenth President of the Philippines Gregorio Aglipay founder of the Aglipayan Church he is from Batac Ilocos Norte Manuel Arguilla writer patriot and martyr during the Japanese occupation Salvador Bernal his output included over 300 productions in art film and music and earned him the award of National Artist for Theater and Design in 2003 from Dagupan City Gloria Diaz Philippines first Miss Universe from Aringay La Union Victorio Edades Father of Modern Philippine Painting A National Artist awardee for Visual Arts Painting He hailed from Dagupan City Josefa Llanes Escoda founder of Girl Scouts of the Philippines from Dingras Ilocos Norte Lucrecia Roces Kasilag National Artist of the Philippines for Music from San Ferndando La Union Juan Luna famous Filipino painter of the Spoliarium from Badoc Ilocos Norte Antonio Luna army general who fought in the Philippine American War He is from Badoc Ilocos Norte Antonio Mabutas Agoo born first bishop of Diocese of Laoag and the second Archbishop of the Archdiocese of Davao historically noted as the first Roman Catholic Archbishop to write a pastoral letter to criticize human rights violations under the Marcos dictatorship 15 16 Bienvenido Nebres Bacnotan raised academic National Scientist of the Philippines for Mathematics former Provincial Superior of the Society of Jesus in the Philippines Armando Mandrake Ducusin Palabay Filipino student leader and activist from San Fernando La Union honored at the Philippines Bantayog ng mga Bayani as a martyr of the resistance against the Marcos dictatorship 17 43 Orlando Quevedo cardinal and third Archbishop of the Archdiocese of Cotabato First cardinal from Mindanao he is from sarrat ilocos norte Artemio Ricarte Filipino general during the Philippine Revolution and the Philippine American War Diego Silang male revolutionary leader during the Spanish Occupation Gabriela Silang female revolutionary leader during the Spanish Occupation Teofilo Yldefonso The first Filipino and Southeast Asian to win an Olympic medal and the only male Filipino olympian to win multiple medals He is from Piddig Ilocos Norte See also EditAmburayan Ilocos Solid NorthReferences Edit POPULATION PROJECTIONS BY REGION PROVINCE CITIES AND MUNICIPALITIES 2020 2025 www doh gov ph Department of Health August 27 2020 Retrieved October 16 2020 Census of Population 2015 Region I Ilocos Region Total Population by Province City Municipality and Barangay PSA Retrieved June 20 2016 a b Gross Regional Domestic Product openstat psa gov ph Philippine Statistics Authority Retrieved May 20 2021 Sub national HDI Area Database Global Data Lab hdi globaldatalab org Retrieved March 13 2020 Overview of the Region DepEd RO1 a b Ilocos Region To Reach Five Millionth Mark in Nine Years Results from the 2000 Census of Population and Housing NSO Table 8 Language Dialect Generally Spoken in the Households Ilocos Region 2000 Philippine Statistics Authority January 31 2003 Archived from the original on April 28 2003 Retrieved March 29 2016 Panela Shaira March 19 2017 Looking into the past through the eyes of the future Rappler Archived from the original on January 3 2022 Retrieved January 3 2022 Scott William 1974 The Discovery of the Igorots Quezon City New Day Publishers p 58 ISBN 9711000873 a b c Sals Florent Joseph 2005 The History of Agoo 1578 2005 La Union Limbagan Printhouse p 80 Mendoza Cortes Rosario 1974 Pangasinan 1572 1800 Quezon City University of the Philippines Press Culture and History by Nick Joaquin Presidential Decree No 1 s 1972 September 24 1972 Retrieved May 27 2019 Presidential Decree No 224 s 1973 June 22 1973 Retrieved November 5 2016 a b c Ilocanos remember dark days of martial law vow to continue fight October 2 2012 a b Honoring Davao s Contributions to the Struggle for Rights Freedom Bantayog ng mga Bayani February 23 2018 Archived from the original on February 28 2018 Retrieved February 8 2020 a b Maglana MAgz July 10 2017 VOICES FROM MINDANAO Fear is not a good foundation for getting Mindanao out of the rut MindaNews Archived from the original on February 8 2020 Retrieved February 8 2020 a b PALABAY Armando D Bantayog ng mga Bayani bantayog org January 18 2017 Retrieved January 22 2020 MARTYRS amp HEROES PEDRO Purificacion A July 13 2016 Remollino Alexander Martin December 14 20 2003 Human Rights Martyrs of the Word www bulatlat com Archived from the original on March 12 2004 No Way to Go But Onwards Philippine Religious Resist Marcos Repression PDF Christian Conference of Asia CCA News Christian Conference of Asia 18 3 4 March 1983 Clarke Gerard 2006 The Politics of NGOs in Southeast Asia Routledge A Tribute to Human Rights Lawyer David Bueno 1988 August 19 2015 Philippines newsaints faithweb com Archived from the original on October 9 2019 List of Regions National Statistical Coordination Board Archived from the original on October 13 2008 Retrieved January 9 2011 POPULATION PROJECTIONS BY REGION PROVINCE CITIES AND MUNICIPALITIES 2020 2025 www doh gov ph Department of Health August 27 2020 Retrieved October 16 2020 PSGC Interactive List of Provinces Philippine Statistics Authority Archived from the original on January 11 2013 Retrieved March 30 2016 Census of Population 2020 Region I Ilocos Region Total Population by Province City Municipality and Barangay PSA Retrieved July 8 2021 PSGC Interactive List of Cities Philippine Statistics Authority Archived from the original on April 29 2011 Retrieved March 29 2016 Poverty incidence PI Philippine Statistics Authority Retrieved December 28 2020 https psa gov ph sites default files NSCB LocalPovertyPhilippines 0 pdf publication date 29 November 2005 publisher Philippine Statistics Authority https psa gov ph sites default files 2009 20Poverty 20Statistics pdf publication date 8 February 2011 publisher Philippine Statistics Authority https psa gov ph sites default files Table 202 20 20Annual 20Per 20Capita 20Poverty 20Threshold 2C 20Poverty 20Incidence 20and 20Magnitude 20of 20Poor 20Population 2C 20by 20Region 20and 20Province 20 20 202006 2C 202009 2C 202012 20and 202015 xlsx publication date 27 August 2016 publisher Philippine Statistics Authority https psa gov ph sites default files Table 202 20 20Annual 20Per 20Capita 20Poverty 20Threshold 2C 20Poverty 20Incidence 20and 20Magnitude 20of 20Poor 20Population 2C 20by 20Region 20and 20Province 20 20 202006 2C 202009 2C 202012 20and 202015 xlsx publication date 27 August 2016 publisher Philippine Statistics Authority https psa gov ph sites default files Table 202 20 20Annual 20Per 20Capita 20Poverty 20Threshold 2C 20Poverty 20Incidence 20and 20Magnitude 20of 20Poor 20Population 2C 20by 20Region 20and 20Province 20 20 202006 2C 202009 2C 202012 20and 202015 xlsx publication date 27 August 2016 publisher Philippine Statistics Authority https psa gov ph sites default files Table 202 20 20Updated 20Annual 20Per 20Capita 20Poverty 20Threshold 2C 20Poverty 20Incidence 20and 20Magnitude 20of 20Poor 20Population 20with 20Measures 20of 20Precision 2C 20by 20Region 20and 20Province 2015 20and 202018 xlsx publication date 4 June 2020 publisher Philippine Statistics Authority National Statistical Coordination Board Archived from the original on June 14 2006 Retrieved July 2 2006 www dti gov ph https www dti gov ph regions region 1 profile Retrieved November 5 2021 a href Template Cite web html title Template Cite web cite web a Missing or empty title help Population and Annual Growth Rates for The Philippines and Its Regions Provinces and Highly Urbanized Cities PDF 2010 Census and Housing Population Philippine Statistics Authority Archived from the original PDF on September 28 2013 Retrieved August 9 2013 Rosario Mendoza Cortes Pangasinan 1801 1900 The Beginnings of Modernization Fernandez Doreen 2020 Tikim essays on Philippine food and culture Leiden Boston ISBN 978 90 04 41479 2 OCLC 1114270889 America Is in the Heart A Personal History by Carlos Bulosan Introduction by Carey McWilliams Archived 2010 08 23 at the Wayback Machine University of Washington Press washington edu About Culture and Arts www ncca gov ph Archived from the original on September 28 2007 Retrieved January 11 2022 Armando Palabay YouTube Video Commission on Human Rights of the Philippines Archived from the original on December 12 2021 External links Edit Media related to Ilocos Region at Wikimedia Commons Ilocos Region travel guide from Wikivoyage Geographic data related to Ilocos Region at OpenStreetMap Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Ilocos Region amp oldid 1129570195, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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