National Artist of the Philippines
The Order of National Artists of the Philippines (Filipino: Orden ng mga Pambansang Alagad ng Sining ng Pilipinas) is an order bestowed by the Philippines on Filipinos who have made significant contributions to the development of Philippine art. Members of the Order are known as National Artists. Originally instituted as an Award, it was elevated to the status of an order in 2003.[1]
| Order of National Artists of the Philippines Orden ng mga Pambansang Alagad ng Sining ng Pilipinas | |
|---|---|
Emblem of the Order of National Artists, which appears on the collar bestowed on members. | |
| Awarded by Philippines | |
| Type | Order |
| Awarded for | having made significant contributions to the development of Philippine arts |
| Status | Currently constituted |
| Sovereign | President of the Philippines |
| Statistics | |
| First induction | 1972 |
| Precedence | |
| Next (higher) | Order of Gabriela Silang |
| Next (lower) | Gawad Mabini |
| Equivalent | Order of National Scientists, Gawad sa Manlilikha ng Bayan, Order of Lakandula – Special Class of Champion for Life |
Ribbon bar of the Order | |
The Order is administered by the Cultural Center of the Philippines by virtue of President Ferdinand Marcos's Proclamation № 1001 of April 2, 1972 and the National Commission for Culture and the Arts. The first Award was posthumously conferred on Filipino painter Fernando Amorsolo.
Definition
The order of the highest state honor is conferred on individuals deemed as having done much for their artistic field. Deserving individuals must have been recommended by both the Cultural Center and the National Commission for Culture and the Arts prior to receiving the Award. Such people are then titled, by virtue of a Presidential Proclamation, as National Artist (Filipino: Gawad Pambansang Alagad ng Sining), and are inducted into the Order.
Categories
Categories under which National Artists can be recognized originally included:[2]
- Music – singing, composition, direction, and/or performance;
- Dance – choreography, direction and/or performance;
- Theater – direction, performance and/or production design;
- Contemporary Arts – painting, sculpture, printmaking, photography, installation art, mixed media works, illustration, graphic arts, performance art and/or imaging;
- Literature – poetry, fiction, essay, playwriting, journalism and/or literary criticism;
- Film and Broadcasting/Broadcast Arts – direction, writing, production design, cinematography, editing, camera work, and/or performance; and
- Architecture, Design and Allied Arts – architecture design, interior design, industrial arts design, landscape architecture and fashion design.
However, National Artists have since been honored under new categories. The NCCA created the category of National Artist for Fashion Design when it nominated Ramon Valera, but subsumed that category under "Architecture, Design and Allied Arts". President Fidel V. Ramos issued an executive order creating the category of National Artist for Historical Literature before conferring the honor to Carlos Quirino.
Criteria
The National Artist of the Philippines are based on a broad criteria, as set forth by the Cultural Center of the Philippines and the National Commission on Culture and the Arts:[2]
- Living artists who have been Filipino citizens for the last ten years prior to nomination as well as those who have died after the establishment of the Award in 1972 but were Filipino citizens at the time of their death;
- Artists who have helped build a Filipino sense of nationhood through the content and form of their works;
- Artists who have distinguished themselves by pioneering in a mode of creative expression or style, making an impact on succeeding generations of artists;
- Artists who have created a significant body of works and/or have consistently displayed excellence in the practice of their art form, enriching artistic expression or style; and
- Artists who enjoy broad acceptance through prestigious national and/or international recognition, Award in prestigious national and/or international events, critical acclaim and/or reviews of their works, and/or respect and esteem from peers within an artistic discipline.
Nominations are then submitted to the National Artist Secretariat that is created by the National Artist Award Committee; experts from the different art fields then sit on a First Deliberation to prepare the short list of nominees. A Second Deliberation, which is a joint meeting of the Commissioners of the NCCA and the Board of Trustees of the CCP, decides on the final nominees. The list is then forwarded to the President of the Philippines, who, by Presidential Proclamation, proclaims the final nominees as members of the Order of National Artists.[3]
Benefits
- The rank and title of National Artist, as proclaimed by the President of the Philippines;[4]
- A grand collar of the Order of National Artist and a citation;
- A lifetime emolument and material and physical benefits comparable in value to those received by the highest officers of the land such as:
- a cash Award of one hundred thousand pesos (₱100,000.00) net of taxes, for living awardees;
- a cash Award of seventy-five thousand pesos (₱75,000.00) net of taxes, for posthumous awardees, payable to legal heir/s;
- a monthly life pension, medical and hospitalization benefits;
- life insurance coverage for Awardees who are still insurable;
- a state funeral and burial at the Libingan ng mga Bayani;
- a place of honor, in line with protocolar precedence, at national state functions, and recognition at cultural events.
The Roster of National Artists
| President | Year | Picture | Awardee | Province | Category | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ferdinand Marcos | 1972 | Fernando Cueto Amorsolo (1892–1972) | Manila | Visual Arts – Painting | posthumous conferment | |
| 1973 | Francisca Santos Reyes-Aquino (1899–1983) | Bulacan | Dance | |||
| Carlos Modesto "Botong" Villaluz Francisco (1912–1969) | Rizal | Visual Arts – Painting | posthumous conferment | |||
| Amado Vera Hernández (1903–1970) | Manila | Literature | ||||
| Antonio Jesus Naguiat Molina (1894–1980) | Manila | Music | ||||
| Juan Felipe de Jesus Nakpil (1899–1986) | Manila | Architecture | ||||
| Guillermo Estrella Tolentino (1890–1976) | Bulacan | Visual Arts – Sculpture | ||||
| José García Villa (1908–1997) | Manila | Literature | ||||
| 1976 | Napoleón "Billy" Veloso Abueva (1930–2018) | Bohol | Visual Arts – Sculpture | |||
| Leonor Luna Orosa-Goquingco (1917–2005) | Batangas | Dance | ||||
| Lamberto Vera Avellana (1915–1991) | Mountain Province | Film and Theater | ||||
| Nicomedes "Nick" Márquez Joaquín (1917–2004) | Manila | Literature | ||||
| Jovita Flores Fuentes (1895–1978) | Capiz | Music | ||||
| Victorio Cándido Edades (1895–1985) | Pangasinan | Visual Arts – Painting | ||||
| Pablo Sebero Antonio Sr. (1901–1975) | Manila | Architecture | posthumous conferment | |||
| 1981 | Vicente Silva Manansala (1910–1981) | Pampanga | Visual Arts – Painting | |||
| 1982 | Gerardo "Gerry" Ilagan de Leon (1913–1981) | Manila | Film | |||
| Carlos Peña Rómulo (1898–1985) | Tarlac | Literature | ||||
| Corazon Aquino | 1987 | Honorata "Atang" Márquez de la Rama-Hernández (1902–1991) | Manila | Theater and Music | ||
| 1988 | Antonino Ramírez Buenaventura (1904–1996) | Bulacan | Music | |||
| Lucrecia Faustino Reyes-Urtula (1929–1999) | Iloilo | Dance | ||||
| 1989 | Lucrecia Roces Kasilag (1918–2008) | La Union | Music | |||
| 1990 | Zacarias Francisco "Franz" Quino Arcellana (1916–2002) | Manila | Literature | |||
| Cesar Torrente Legaspi (1917–1994) | Manila | Visual Arts – Painting | ||||
| Leandro Valencia Locsín (1928–1994) | Negros Occidental | Architecture | ||||
| 1991 | Hernando Ruiz Ocampo (1911–1978) | Manila | Visual Arts – Painting | posthumous conferment | ||
| Lucio Diestro San Pedro Sr. (1913–2002) | Rizal | Music | ||||
| Fidel V. Ramos | 1997 | Catalino "Lino" Ortiz Brocka (1939–1991) | Sorsogon | Film | posthumous conferment | |
| Felipe Padilla de León (1912–1992) | Nueva Ecija | Music | ||||
| Wilfrido María Barredo Guerrero (1911–1995) | Manila | Theater | ||||
| Rolando Santos Tinio (1937–1997) | Manila | Theater and Literature | ||||
| Néstor Vicente Madali González (1915–1999) | Romblon | Literature | ||||
| Levi Celerio Cruz (1910–2002) | Manila | Music & Literature | ||||
| Arturo Rogerio Luz (1926–2021) | Manila | Visual Arts – Painting | ||||
| José Montserrat Maceda (1917–2004) | Manila | Music | ||||
| Carlos Lozada Quirino (1910–1999) | Manila | Historical Literature | ||||
| Joseph Estrada | 1999 | Jerry Navarro Elizalde (1924–1999) | Antique | Visual Arts – Painting | posthumous conferment | |
| Ernani Joson Cuenco (1936–1988) | Bulacan | Music | ||||
| Andrea Carriaga Ofilada-Veneracion (1928–2013) | Manila | |||||
| Edith Cutaran López-Tiempo (1919–2011) | Nueva Vizcaya | Literature | ||||
| Daisy Pardo Hontiveros-Avellana (1917–2013) | Capiz | Theater | ||||
| Gloria Macapagal Arroyo | 2001 | Ishmael Bernal Ledesma (1938–1996) | Manila | Film | posthumous conferment | |
| Severino Tabat Montano (1915–1980) | Ilocos Norte | Theater | ||||
| Francisco Sionil José (1924–2022) | Pangasinan | Literature | ||||
| Ang Kiukok (1931–2005) | Davao del Sur | Visual Arts – Painting | ||||
| 2003 | José Tanig Joya (1931–1995) | Manila | posthumous conferment | |||
| Virgilio Senadrin Almario (b. 1944) | Bulacan | Literature | ||||
| Alejandro Reyes Roces (1924–2011) | Manila | |||||
| Edgar Sinco Romero (1924–2013) | Negros Oriental | Film and Broadcast Arts | ||||
| Salvador Floro Bernal (1945–2011) | Pangasinan | Theater and Design | ||||
| 2006 | Benedicto Reyes Cabrera (b. 1942) | Manila | Visual Arts – Painting | |||
| Abdulmari Asia Imao (1936–2014) | Sulu | Visual Arts – Sculpture | ||||
| Bienvenido Lumbera (1932–2021) | Batangas | Literature | ||||
| Ramon Arevalo Obusan (1938–2006) | Albay | Dance | ||||
| Ildefonso Paez Santos Sr. (1929–2014) | Manila | Architecture – Landscape | ||||
| Ronald Allan "Fernando" Kelley Poe Jr.1 (1939–2004) | Manila | Film | posthumous conferment | |||
| Ramón Oswald Valera (1912–1972) | Abra | Architecture, Design and Allied Arts – Fashion Design | posthumous conferment | |||
| 20092[5] | Manuel Pabustan Urbano (1915–1985) | Camarines Norte | Film and Broadcast Arts | posthumous conferment | ||
| Lázaro Ángeles Francisco (1898–1980) | Bataan | Literature | ||||
| Federico Aguilar Alcuaz (1932–2011) | Manila | Visual Arts – Painting, Sculpture and Mixed Media | ||||
| Benigno Aquino III | 2014[6] | Alice García Reyes van Doorn (b. 1942) | Manila | Dance | ||
| Francisco Vicente Coching (1919–1998) | Manila | Visual Arts | posthumous conferment | |||
| Cirilo Francisco Bautista (1941–2018) | Manila | Literature | ||||
| Francisco Espíritu Feliciano (1941–2014) | Rizal | Music | posthumous conferment | |||
| Ramón Pagayon Santos (b. 1941) | Manila | Music | ||||
| José María Vélez Zaragoza (1912–1994) | Manila | Architecture | posthumous conferment | |||
| Rodrigo Duterte | 2018 | Raymundo Cipriano "Ryan" Pujante Cayabyab (b. 1954) | Manila | Music | ||
| Francisco "Bobby" Tronqued Mañosa (1931–2019) | Manila | Architecture and Allied Arts | ||||
| Ramón Larupay Muzones (1913–1992) | Iloilo | Literature | posthumous conferment | |||
| Resil Buagas Mojares (b. 1943) | Zamboanga del Norte/Cebu | Literature | ||||
| Lauro "Larry" Zarate Alcala (1926–2002) | Albay | Visual Arts | posthumous conferment | |||
| Amelia Ramolete Lapeña-Bonifacio (1930–2020) | Manila | Theater | ||||
| Erik Oteyza de Guia (Kidlat Tahimik) (b. 1942) | Benguet | Film and Broadcast Arts | ||||
| 2022 | Nora Cabaltera Villamayor "Aunor" (b. 1953) | Camarines Sur | Film and Broadcast Arts | |||
| Salvacion Navera Lim-Higgins (1920–1990) | Albay | Fashion Design | posthumous conferment | |||
| Agnes Dakudao Locsin (b. 1957) | Davao | Dance | ||||
| Fides Belza Cuyugan-Asensio (b. 1931) | Quezon | Music | ||||
| Ricardo "Ricky" Lee (b. 1948) | Camarines Norte | Film and Broadcast Arts | ||||
| Gémino Henson Abad (b. 1939) | Manila | Literature | ||||
| Antonio "Tony" Ocampo Mabesa (1935–2019) | Laguna | Theater | posthumous conferment | |||
| Marilou Correa Diaz-Abaya (1955–2012) | Manila | Film and Broadcast Arts | posthumous conferment |
^1 In May 2006, under the Arroyo administration, the National Commission on Culture and the Arts (NCCA) already conferred the award to Poe but the late actor's wife, Susan Roces refused to acknowledge it. President Aquino has approved and signed Proclamation 435 affirming the previous proclamation of former President Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo declaring the late movie icon Fernando Poe Jr. a National Artist, posthumously. The Poe family finally accepted the conferment on 16 August 2012. .[7]
^2 Aguilar Alcuaz, Francisco, and Conde were all proclaimed in 2009 but the conferment of the order was delayed due to a controversy. The order was finally bestowed in a ceremony at Malacañang Palace in November 2013.[8]
|
|
2009 National Artist of the Philippines controversy
In August 2009, the conferment of the Order of National Artists on seven individuals by President Gloria Macapagal Arroyo[9] became controversial when it was revealed that musician Ramon Santos had been dropped from the list of nominees short-listed in May that year by the selection committee, and that four other individuals had been nominated via "President’s prerogative": Cecilla Guidote-Alvarez (Theater), Carlo J. Caparas (Visual Arts and Film), Francisco Mañosa (Architecture), and Pitoy Moreno (Fashion Design).[4][10]
Members of the Philippine art community–including a number of living members of the Order–protested that the proclamation politicised the title of National Artist, and made it "a way for President Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo to accommodate her allies." Specific protests were raised regarding the nomination of Guidote-Alvarez, who was also Executive Director of the National Commission for Culture and the Arts, because it was purportedly a breach of protocol and delicadeza (propriety), and of Caparas, on the grounds that he was unqualified for nomination under both the Visual Arts and the Film categories.[10][11] On July 16, 2013, the controversy finally ended after the Supreme Court of the Philippines voted 12-1-2 that voided the four proclamations.[12]
On June 20, 2014, five years after he was originally shortlisted in 2009, Ramon Santos was finally conferred National Artist for Music by President Benigno S. Aquino III.[6]
See also
References
- ^ Executive Order No. 236, s. 2003 Official Gazette of the Republic of the Philippines. Retrieved October 24, 2018.
- ^ a b . ncca.gov.ph. National Commission for Culture and the Arts. 2007. Archived from the original on August 28, 2009. Retrieved August 20, 2009.
- ^ mlq3. "Proclaimed a National Artist, not awarded » Manuel L. Quezon III". quezon.ph.
- ^ a b Annie Ruth C. Sabangan (August 1, 2009). "Fury over Arroyo's choice of national artists". GMANews.tv: The Official Website of GMA News and Public Affairs.
- ^ "Aguilar Alcuaz, Francisco, Conde– deceased all–to be finally conferred National Artist awards in November". Retrieved October 20, 2013.
- ^ a b Palace Declares New National Artists. Philippine Daily Inquirer (June 21, 2014)
- ^ "Aquino confers Order of National Artist for Cinema on late Fernando Poe Jr". Retrieved October 20, 2013.
- ^ "Aguilar Alcuaz, Francisco, Conde– deceased all–to be finally conferred National Artist awards in November". Retrieved October 20, 2013.
- ^ TJ Burgonio (July 29, 2009). . Philippine Daily Inquirer. Archived from the original on August 1, 2009.
- ^ a b Kristine L. Alave, Bayani San Diego Jr. (August 1, 2009). . Philippine Daily Inquirer. Archived from the original on August 4, 2009.
- ^ Gerry Alanguilan (2009). . Komikero Comics Journal. Komikero Comics Journal. Archived from the original on August 2, 2009. Retrieved August 4, 2009.
- ^ Mark Merueñas (July 16, 2013). "SC voids National Artist Award on Carlo Caparas, 3 others". GMA News and Public Affairs.
External links
- List of National Artists (NCCA). From the National Commission on Culture and the Arts (NCCA) website.
- The Order of National Artists – from the Official Gazette of the Philippines (Office of the President)
- National Artists in Waiting: Six in a Fix