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Bongbong Marcos

January 26, 2023

In this Philippine name, the middle name or maternal family name is Romualdez and the surname or paternal family name is Marcos.

Ferdinand "Bongbong" Romualdez Marcos Jr.[3][4][5] (UK: /ˈmɑːrkɒs/ MAR-koss, US: /-koʊs, -kɔːs/ -⁠kohss, -⁠kawss,[6][7] Tagalog: [ˈmaɾkɔs]; born September 13, 1957), commonly referred to by the initials PBBM or BBM, is a Filipino politician who is the 17th and current president of the Philippines.[8][9][10] He previously served as a senator from 2010 to 2016. He is the second child and only son of tenth president and dictator Ferdinand Marcos Sr. and former first lady Imelda Romualdez Marcos.[3][11]

His Excellency
Bongbong Marcos
Official portrait, 2022
17th President of the Philippines
Assumed office
June 30, 2022
Vice PresidentSara Duterte
Preceded byRodrigo Duterte
Secretary of Agriculture
Assumed office
June 30, 2022
PresidentHimself
Preceded byWilliam Dar
Senator of the Philippines
In office
June 30, 2010 – June 30, 2016
Member of the
Philippine House of Representatives
from Ilocos Norte's 2nd congressional district
In office
June 30, 2007 – June 30, 2010
Preceded byImee Marcos
Succeeded byImelda Marcos
In office
June 30, 1992 – June 30, 1995
Preceded byMariano Nalupta Jr.
Succeeded bySimeon Valdez
Governor of Ilocos Norte
In office
June 30, 1998 – June 30, 2007
Preceded byRodolfo Fariñas
Succeeded byMichael Marcos Keon
In office
March 23, 1983 – February 25, 1986
Preceded byElizabeth Keon
Succeeded byCastor Raval (OIC)
Vice Governor of Ilocos Norte
In office
June 30, 1980 – March 23, 1983
GovernorElizabeth Keon
National Chairman of the Partido Federal ng Pilipinas
Assumed office
October 5, 2021
Party presidentReynaldo Tamayo Jr.
Preceded byAbubakar Mangelen
Personal details
Born
Ferdinand Romualdez Marcos Jr.

(1957-09-13) September 13, 1957 (age 65)
Santa Mesa, Manila, Philippines[1]
Political partyPFP (since 2021)
Other political
affiliations		Nacionalista (2009–2021)
KBL (1980–2009)
Spouse
​
(m. 1993)​
[2]
Children3, including Sandro
Parent(s)Ferdinand Marcos Sr.
Imelda Marcos
RelativesMarcos family
Residence(s)
Malacañang Palace
(office)
Bahay ng Pagbabago
(residence)
The Mansion
(summer residence)
EducationWorth School
(secondary)
Alma mater
Signature
Websitepbbm.com.ph

In 1980, Marcos became Vice Governor of Ilocos Norte, running unopposed with the Kilusang Bagong Lipunan party of his father, who was ruling the Philippines under martial law at the time.[12] He then became Governor of Ilocos Norte in 1983, holding that office until his family was ousted from power by the People Power Revolution and fled into exile in Hawaii in February 1986.[13] After the death of his father in 1989, President Corazon Aquino eventually allowed his family to return to the Philippines to face various charges.[14] Marcos and his mother, Imelda, are currently facing arrest in the United States for defying a court order to pay US$353 million (₱17,385,249,999.93 in 2023) in restitution to human rights abuse victims during his father's dictatorship.[15]

Marcos was elected as Representative of Ilocos Norte's 2nd congressional district from 1992 to 1995. He was elected Governor of Ilocos Norte again in 1998. After nine years, he returned to his previous position as Representative from 2007 to 2010, then became senator under the Nacionalista Party from 2010 to 2016.[16] In 2015, Marcos ran for vice president in the 2016 election. With a difference of 263,473 votes and a 0.64 percent difference in votes, Marcos lost to Camarines Sur representative Leni Robredo.[17] In response, Marcos filed an electoral protest at the Presidential Electoral Tribunal; his petition was later unanimously dismissed after the pilot recount resulted in Robredo widening her lead by 15,093 additional votes.[18][19]

In 2021, Marcos announced that he would run for President of the Philippines in the 2022 election, under the Partido Federal ng Pilipinas,[20] which he won by a landslide.[8] He received nearly 59% of the votes, becoming the first to be elected by a majority since the establishment of the Fifth Republic in 1986.[21][22] He was officially declared president-elect by Congress on May 25, 2022.[21] His win was also the largest since 1981, when his father won 88% of the votes due to a boycott by the opposition who protested the prior election.[23][24][25] He is the first Philippine candidate to lose a vice presidential campaign but win the presidency.

Marcos's presidential campaign received criticism from fact-checkers and disinformation scholars, who found his campaign to be driven by historical negationism aimed at revamping the Marcos brand and smearing his rivals.[26] His campaign has also been accused of whitewashing the human rights abuses and plunder that took place during his father's presidency.[26] The Washington Post has noted how the historical distortionism of the Marcoses has been underway since the 2000s, while The New York Times cited his convictions of tax fraud, including his refusal to pay his family's estate taxes, and misrepresentation of his education at the University of Oxford.[27][28][29][30]

Early life and education

Bongbong Marcos was born as Ferdinand Romualdez Marcos Jr. on September 13, 1957, at Our Lady of Lourdes Hospital in Santa Mesa, Manila, Philippines, to Ferdinand Marcos and Imelda Marcos. At that time of his birth, his father Ferdinand, Sr. was the representative for the Second District of Ilocos Norte, eventually becoming a senator just two years later. His godfathers included prominent personalities and future Marcos cronies Eduardo "Danding" Cojuangco Jr.[31]: 286  and pharmaceuticals magnate Jose Yao Campos.[32]

Education

Marcos first studied at the Institución Teresiana and La Salle Green Hills in Manila, where he obtained his kindergarten and elementary education, respectively.[33][34]

In 1970, Marcos was sent to England where he lived and studied at Worth School, an all-boys Benedictine institution in West Sussex.[3][35] He was studying there when his father declared martial law throughout the Philippines in 1972.[3][35]

He then enrolled at St Edmund Hall, Oxford, to study philosophy, politics and economics (PPE). However, despite his false claims that he graduated with a bachelor of arts in PPE,[36] he did not obtain such a degree.[37][38][39] Marcos had passed philosophy, but failed economics, and failed politics twice, thus making him ineligible for a degree.[40][41] Instead, he received a special diploma in social studies,[39] which was awarded mainly to non-graduates and is currently no longer offered by the university.[37][42] Marcos still falsely claims that he obtained a degree from the University of Oxford despite Oxford confirming in 2015 that Marcos did not finish his degree.[43]

Marcos enrolled in the Masters in Business Administration program at the Wharton School of Business, University of Pennsylvania, in Philadelphia, United States, which he failed to complete. Marcos asserts that he withdrew from the program for his election as Vice Governor of Ilocos Norte in 1980.[44] The Presidential Commission on Good Government later reported that his tuition, his US$10,000 (₱492,500 in 2023) monthly allowance, and the estate he lived in while studying at Wharton, were paid using funds that could be traced partly to the intelligence funds of the Office of the President, and partly to some of the fifteen bank accounts that the Marcoses had secretly opened in the US under assumed names.[45]

Early public roles

See also: Iginuhit ng Tadhana and The Beatles' 1966 tour of Germany, Japan and the Philippines

Marcos was thrust into the national limelight as early as when he was three years old, and the scrutiny became even more intense when his father first ran for President of the Philippines in 1965,[46] when he was eight years old.[3][35][31]

During his father's 1965 campaign, Marcos played himself in the Sampaguita Pictures film Iginuhit ng Tadhana: The Ferdinand E. Marcos Story, a biopic based on the novel For Every Tear a Victory.[47][46] The young Marcos was portrayed giving a speech towards the end of the film, in which he says that he would like to be a politician when he grows up.[48] The public relations value of the film is credited for having helped the elder Marcos win the 1965 Philippine elections.[49]

A young Bongbong Marcos and his sister Imee played a small role in the controversial "Manila incident" of the Beatles in July 1966, just six months after their father assumed the presidency.[50][51]: 200  Bongbong and Imee were among 400 children whom their mother Imelda brought to Malacañang Palace for a reception in which they expected the Beatles to show up.[50] The four band members claimed not to know about the event, and refused to attend. As the event went on without them, the Marcos children were interviewed. Bongbong, referring to the group's long hair, was quoted saying "I'd like to pounce on the Beatles and cut off their hair! Don't anybody dare me to do anything, because I'll do it, just to see how game the Beatles are."[50] Imee, meantime, was quoted saying "There is only one song I like from the Beatles, and it's Run for Your Life."[50]—a quote which media later associated with the way the Beatles scrambled out of Manila, receiving rough treatment at the Manila International Airport.[50]

Beatles lead guitarist George Harrison later accused the Marcoses of inciting Filipinos to mob the band as they tried to leave the country for not showing up at the reception, saying in a 1986 interview at NBC's Today Show that the Marcoses "tried to kill [them]."[52][53] Harrison further said that their plane was not allowed to leave Manila until their manager, Brian Epstein, refunded the concert ticket money.[52][53]

The Manila Bulletin reported in 2015 that Marcos had once invited Beatles drummer Ringo Starr to return to the Philippines "to bring closure" to the incident.[54]

The incident was brought up in the media again after a 2021 interview between Marcos and Toni Gonzaga, when he was asked about which musicians he idolized, and he casually mentioned that he was friends with Mick Jagger of The Rolling Stones and members of the Beatles.[52]

Marcos was still a minor on the exact year that martial law was declared. Marcos turned 18 in 1975[55][56]—a year after he graduated from Worth School.[57]

Roles in the Marcos regime

Vice governorship and governorship in Ilocos Norte

Marcos's first formal role in a political office came with his election as Vice Governor of Ilocos Norte (1980–1983) at the age of 23. On March 23, 1983, he was installed as the Governor of Ilocos Norte, replacing his aunt, who had resigned from the post due to health reasons.[58] In 1983, he led a group of young Filipino leaders on a 10-day diplomatic mission to China to mark the tenth anniversary of Philippine-Chinese relations.[59] He stayed in office until the People Power Revolution in 1986.

During Marcos's term, at least two extrajudicial killings took place in Ilocos Norte, as documented by the Martial Law Victims Association of Ilocos Norte (MLVAIN).[60][61]

Chairmanship of PHILCOMSAT Board

Marcos was appointed by his father to be chairman of the board of the Philippine Communications Satellite Corporation (PHILCOMSAT) in early 1985.[62] In a prominent example of what Finance Minister Jaime Ongpin later branded "crony capitalism", the Marcos administration had sold its majority shares to Marcos cronies such as Roberto S. Benedicto,[63] Manuel H. Nieto,[63] Jose Yao Campos,[64] and Rolando Gapud[64] in 1982, despite being very profitable because of its role as the sole agent for the Philippines' link to global satellite network Intelsat.[63] President Marcos acquired a 39.9% share in the company through front companies under Campos and Gapud.[64] This allowed President Marcos to appoint his son as the chairman of the Philcomsat board in early 1985, allowing the young Marcos to draw a monthly salary "ranging from US$9,700 to US$97,000"[62][63] (₱477,725 to ₱4,777,250 in 2023) despite rarely visiting the office and having no duties there.[63][62] PHILCOMSAT was one of five telecommunications firms sequestered by the Philippine government in 1986.[63]

Ill-gotten Marcos family wealth

Main article: Unexplained wealth of the Marcos family

After the Marcos family went into exile in 1986, the Presidential Commission on Good Government found that the three Marcos children benefited significantly[62][45][65] from what the Supreme Court of the Philippines defined as "ill-gotten wealth" of the Marcos family.[66][67][68]

Aside from the tuition, US$10,000.00 (₱492,500 in 2023) monthly allowance, and the estates used by Marcos Jr. and Imee Marcos during their respective studies at Wharton and Princeton,[45] each of the Marcos children was assigned a mansion in the Metro Manila area, as well as in Baguio, the Philippines' designated summer capital.[45] Properties specifically said to have been given to Marcos Jr included the Wigwam House compound on Outlook Drive in Baguio[45] and the Seaside Mansion Compound in Parañaque.[45]

In addition, by the time their father was ousted from power in 1986, both Marcos Jr. and Imee held key posts in the Marcos administration.[62] Imee was already thirty when she was appointed as the national head of the Kabataang Barangay in the late 1970s,[62] and Marcos Jr was in his twenties when he took up the vice-gubernatorial post for the province of Ilocos Norte in 1980, and then became governor of that province from 1983 until the Marcos family was ousted from Malacañang in 1986.[62]

EDSA revolution and exile (1986–1991)

Further information: People Power Revolution

During the last days of the 1986 People Power Revolution, Bongbong Marcos, in combat fatigues to project his warlike stance,[69] pushed his father Ferdinand Marcos to give the order to his remaining troops to attack and blow up Camp Crame despite the presence of hundreds of thousands of civilians there. The elder Marcos did not follow his son's urgings.[70]

Fearful of a scenario in which Marcos's presence in the Philippines would lead to a civil war,[71] the Reagan administration withdrew its support for the Marcos government, and flew Marcos and a party of about 80 individuals[13] – the extended Marcos family and a number of close associates[72] – from the Philippines to Hawaii despite Marcos's objections.[71] Bongbong Marcos and his family were on the flight with his parents.[73][74]

Soon after arriving in Hawaii, Marcos Jr. participated in an attempt to withdraw US$200 million (₱9,849,999,999.96 in 2023) from a secret family bank account with Credit Suisse in Switzerland,[75] an act which eventually led to the Swiss government freezing the Marcoses' bank accounts in late March that year.[76]

The Marcoses initially stayed at Hickam Air Force Base at the expense of the US Government. A month after arriving in Honolulu, they moved into a pair of residences in Makiki Heights, Honolulu, which were registered to Marcos cronies Antonio Floirendo and Bienvenido and Gliceria Tantoco.[13]

Ferdinand Marcos eventually died in exile three years later, in 1989,[77] with Marcos Jr. being the only family member present at his father's deathbed.[78]

Return to the Philippines and later activities (1991–present)

After his father's death in 1989, President Corazon Aquino permitted the return of the remaining members of the Marcos family to the Philippines to face various charges.[14] Bongbong Marcos was among the first to return to the Philippines. He arrived in the country in 1991 and soon sought political office, beginning in the family's traditional fiefdom in Ilocos Norte.[79]

House of Representatives, first term

Further information: 1992 Philippine House of Representatives elections

After Marcos returned to the Philippines in 1991, Marcos ran for and was elected representative of the second district of Ilocos Norte to the Philippine House of Representatives (1992–1995).[80] When his mother, Imelda Marcos, ran for president in the same election, he decided against supporting her candidacy, and instead expressed support for his godfather Danding Cojuangco.[81] During his term, Marcos was the author of 29 House bills and co-author of 90 more, which includes those that paved the way for the creation of the Department of Energy and the National Youth Commission.[82] He also allocated most of his Countryside Development Fund (CDF) to organizing the cooperatives of teachers and farmers in his home province.[83][84][better source needed] In October 1992, he led a group of ten representatives in attending the first sports summit in the Philippines, held in Baguio.[85] In late 1994, he was made president of the Kilusang Bagong Lipunan party, which is known for its support for the Marcos regime.[86]

In 1995, Marcos ran for the Senate under the NPC-led coalition, but placed only 16th.[87]

Compromise deal attempt

In 1995, Bongbong Marcos pushed a deal to allow the Marcos family to keep a quarter of the estimated US$2 billion to US$10 billion (₱98,499,999,999.61 to ₱492,499,999,998.03 in 2023) that the Philippine government had still not recovered from them, on the condition that all civil cases be dropped – a deal that was eventually struck down by the Philippines' Supreme Court.[75]

Ilocos Norte governor, second term

Having previously served as Ilocos Norte governor from 1983 to 1986, Marcos was again elected as governor of Ilocos Norte in 1998, running against his father's closest friend and ally, Roque Ablan Jr. He served for three consecutive terms ending in 2007.[88]

House of Representatives, second term

In 2007, Marcos ran unopposed for the congressional seat previously held by his older sister Imee.[89] He was then appointed as deputy minority leader of the House of Representatives. During this term, Marcos supported the passage of the Philippine Archipelagic Baselines Law, or Republic Act No. 9522.[90] He also wrote his own version of the law, but the bill only remained in the House Committee on Foreign Affairs.[82][91] He also promoted the Republic Act No. 9502 (Universally Accessible Cheaper and Quality Medicines Act) which was enacted on 2009.[92]

Senate career

 
Senator Marcos during a Kapihan sa Senado forum in June 2014
 
Portrait during his stint as senator
Further information: 2010 Philippine Senate election

Marcos made a second attempt for the Senate in 2010. On November 20, 2009, the KBL forged an alliance with the Nacionalista Party (NP) between Marcos and NP chair Senator Manny Villar at the Laurel House in Mandaluyong. Marcos became a guest senatorial candidate of the NP through this alliance.[93] Marcos was later removed as a member by the KBL National Executive Committee on November 23, 2009.[94] As such, the NP broke its alliance with the KBL due to internal conflicts within the party, however Marcos remained part of the NP senatorial lineup.[93] He was proclaimed as one of the winning senatorial candidates of the 2010 senate elections. He took office on June 30, 2010.

In the 15th Congress (2010–2013), Marcos authored 34 Senate bills. He also co-authored 17 bills of which seven were enacted into law[82] – most notably the Anti-Drunk and Drugged Driving Act whose principal author was Senator Vicente Sotto III; the Cybercrime Prevention Act whose principal author was Senator Edgardo Angara; and the Expanded Anti-Trafficking in Persons and the National Health Insurance Acts, both of which were principally authored by Senator Loren Legarda.

In the 16th Congress (2013–2016), Marcos filed 52 bills, of which 28 were refiled from the 15th Congress. One of them was enacted into law: Senate Bill 1186, which sought the postponement of the 2013 Sangguniang Kabataan (SK) elections, was enacted as Republic Act 10632 on October 3, 2013.[82]

Marcos also co-authored 4 Senate bills in the 16th Congress. One of them, Senate Bill 712 which was principally authored by Ralph Recto, was enacted as Republic Act 10645, the Expanded Senior Citizens Act of 2010.[82][95]

He was the chair of the Senate committees on local government and public works. He also chaired the oversight committee on the Autonomous Region in Muslim Mindanao (ARMM) Organic Act, the congressional oversight panel on the Special Purpose Vehicle Act, and a select oversight committee on barangay affairs.[96][better source needed][dead link]

2014 PDAF Pork Barrel Scam

In 2014, Bongbong Marcos was implicated by Janet Lim Napoles[97] and Benhur Luy[98] in the Priority Development Assistance Fund (PDAF) Pork Barrel scam through agent Catherine Mae "Maya" Santos.[99] He allegedly channeled ₱100 million through 4 fake NGOs linked with Napoles.[100] Marcos claimed that the large amounts of money was released by the budget department without his knowledge and that his signatures were forged.[101] In connection to the PDAF scam, Marcos was also sued for plunder by iBalik ang Bilyones ng Mamamayan (iBBM), an alliance of youth organizations. The group cited Luy's digital files, which showed bogus NGOs with shady or non-existent offices.[102]

2016 Commission on Audit suit

In 2016, Marcos was also sued for plunder for funneling ₱205 million of his PDAF via 9 special allotment release orders (SARO) to the following bogus foundations from October 2011 to January 2013, according to Luy's digital files:[102]

  • Social Development Program for Farmers Foundation (SDPFFI) – ₱15 million
  • Countrywide Agri and Rural Economic Development Foundation (CARED) – ₱35 million
  • People's Organization for Progress and Development Foundation (POPDFI) – ₱40 million
  • Health Education Assistance Resettlement Training Services (HEARTS) – ₱10 million
  • Kaupdanan Para Sa Mangunguma Foundation (KMFI) – ₱20 million
  • National Livelihood Development Corporation (NLDC) – ₱100 million

These NGOs were found by the Commission on Audit (COA) as bogus with shady or non-existent offices.[102]

2016 vice presidential campaign

Further information: 2016 Philippine presidential election
Main article: Miriam Defensor Santiago 2016 presidential campaign
 
Wikiquote has quotations related to Ferdinand Marcos Jr.'s 2016 Vice Presidential campaign.

On October 5, 2015, Marcos announced via his website that he would run for vice president of the Philippines in the 2016 general election, stating "I have decided to run for vice president in the May 2016 elections."[17][103] Marcos ran as an independent candidate.[104] Prior to his announcement, he had declined an invitation by presidential candidate, Vice President Jejomar Binay, to become his running mate.[105] On October 15, 2015, presidential candidate Miriam Defensor Santiago confirmed that Marcos would serve as her running mate.[106]

Marcos placed second in the tightly contested vice presidential race losing to Camarines Sur Representative Leni Robredo, who won by a margin of 263,473 votes,[107][108] one of the closest since Fernando Lopez's victory in the 1965 vice presidential election.

Election results protest

Main article: 2016 Philippine presidential election § Electoral protest

Marcos challenged the results of the election, lodging an electoral protest against Leni Robredo on June 29, 2016, the day before Robredo's oathtaking.[109][110] President Rodrigo Duterte has stated several times that he would resign if Marcos would be his successor instead of Vice President Leni Robredo.[111]

A recount began in April 2018, covering polling precincts in Iloilo and Camarines Sur, which were areas handpicked by Marcos's camp. In October 2019, the tribunal found that Robredo's lead grew by around 15,000 votes – a total of 278,566 votes from Robredo's original lead of 263,473 votes – after a recount of ballots from the 5,415 clustered precincts in Marcos's identified pilot provinces.[112] On February 16, 2021, the PET unanimously dismissed Bongbong Marcos's electoral protest against Leni Robredo.[18][19][113][114]

2022 presidential campaign and election

 
Marcos (center) and his running mate Sara Duterte during a grand caravan in Quezon City in December 2021
Further information: 2022 Philippine presidential election
Main article: Bongbong Marcos 2022 presidential campaign

Marcos officially launched his campaign for president of the Philippines on October 5, 2021, through a video post on Facebook and YouTube.[115][116] An interview with his wife Liza Marcos revealed that he decided to run for president while watching the film Ant-Man,[117][118] though Marcos admitted that he could not recall this moment.[119] He ran under the banner of the Partido Federal ng Pilipinas party, assuming chairmanship of the party on the same day,[120] while also being endorsed by his former party, the Kilusang Bagong Lipunan.[121] Marcos filed his certificate of candidacy before the Commission on Elections the following day.[122] On November 16, Marcos announced his running mate to be Sara Duterte, daughter of President Rodrigo Duterte and mayor of Davao City.[123] Under the campaign theme of unity, Marcos and Duterte's pairing was given the name "UniTeam".[123]

Seven petitions were filed against Marcos's presidential bid.[124][125] Three petitions aimed to cancel Marcos's certificate of candidacy (COC), one petition aimed to declare Marcos a nuisance candidate, and three petitions aim to disqualify him. Most petitions are based on Marcos's 1995 conviction for failing to file tax returns. Three disqualification petitions were consolidated and raffled to the commission's first division, while three other petitions were handed to the second division.[124][126] The final petition was also handed to the first division. Marcos dismissed the petitions as nuisance petitions with no legal basis and propaganda against him.[127]

 
Marcos won in 64 out of 81 provinces in the 2022 presidential election[128]

Marcos regularly maintained a wide lead in presidential surveys throughout the months leading up to the May 2022 election;[129][130] he was the first presidential candidate in the country to attain poll ratings of over 50% from surveys conducted by Pulse Asia since it began polling in 1999.[131] His refrainment from attending all but one of the presidential debates during the campaign season was widely criticized.[132][133][134][135]

In a joint session of the 18th Congress of the Philippines, overseen by Senate President Tito Sotto and House Speaker Lord Allan Velasco and stated by Senate Majority Leader Juan Miguel Zubiri and Majority Floor Leader Martin Romualdez, Marcos was proclaimed the president-elect of the Philippines on May 25, 2022, alongside his running-mate, Vice-President-elect Sara Duterte. Marcos received 31,629,783 votes, or 58.77% of the total votes cast, about 16.5 million votes ahead of his closest rival, Vice President Leni Robredo, who received over 15 million votes.[136] He became the first presidential candidate to be elected by a majority since the establishment of the Fifth Republic in 1986.[21][22][137] According to analysts, Marcos, together with Sara Duterte, "inherited" Rodrigo Duterte's popularity when they both won landslides in the election.[138] Historians noted the significance of his victory as a "full circle" of the Philippines from the People Power Revolution, which deposed his father from the presidency, thus marking the Marcos family's return to national power after 36 years.[8][139][140] His majority was the largest since 1981 (surpassing his father's 18,309,360 votes); as the opposition boycotted that election, it is the largest majority since 1969 for a competitive election, and his 31-percentage point margin over his nearest opponent was the greatest since Ramon Magsaysay scored a 38-point margin over incumbent President Elpidio Quirino in 1953. His vote count was not only the largest ever recorded in a presidential election, but close to the sum total of the two previous records combined.

On June 20, 2022, Marcos announced that he will serve as the Secretary of Agriculture in concurrent capacity.[141]

Presidency (2022–present)

Main article: Presidency of Bongbong Marcos
See also: Presidential transition of Bongbong Marcos and Inauguration of Bongbong Marcos
Presidential styles of
Bongbong Marcos
 
Reference stylePresident Marcos Jr., His Excellency
Spoken styleYour Excellency
Alternative styleMr. President
 
Marcos delivering his inaugural address.
 
Marcos with Singaporean prime minister Lee Hsien Loong in September 2022
 
Marcos with United States president Joe Biden in September 2022

Early actions

Main article: First 100 days of Bongbong Marcos' presidency

On June 30, 2022, at 12:00 noon PST, Marcos Jr. took the oath of office as the 17th President of the Philippines at the National Museum of the Philippines and was administered the oath by Chief Justice Alexander Gesmundo.[142][143] At concurrent capacity, Marcos appointed himself as Secretary of Agriculture, in order to address inflation and personally monitor the food and agricultural sectors, while enacting efforts boost farm outputs through various loan programs, affordable pricing measures, and machinery assistance.[144] Marcos' first executive order as president were abolishing two offices, the Presidential Anti Corruption Commission and the Office of the Cabinet Secretary.[145]

The next day after his inauguration, Marcos signed a memorandum seeking to provide free train rides to students, and extends the free rides of the EDSA Carousel until the end of December 2022.[146] Twelve days later, on July 13, 2022, Marcos announced that the free train rides will only be limited to students using the LRT Line 2, due to the line's access points to the University Belt.[147]

Two days after his inauguration, on July 2, 2022, Marcos vetoed a bill that aimed to create a free economic zone within the New Manila International Airport. The bill was also known to be sponsored by his sister, Senator Imee Marcos. Marcos cited that the bill would cite "substantial fiscal risks", lacked coherences with existing laws, and the proposed economic zone's location near the existing Clark Freeport and Special Economic Zone. Marcos also called for further studies in establishing the planned economic zone.[148] On the same day, Marcos also ordered that the list of Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino Program beneficiaries to be cleansed after receiving reports of unqualified beneficiaries receiving cash assistance grants and downturned calls to surrender their accounts.

On July 5, 2022, five days after his inauguration, Marcos held his first cabinet meeting, which was delayed during his inauguration, and laid out his first agenda, which primarily focuses on reviving the economy in the midst of the COVID-19 pandemic. During the meeting, Marcos led the discussions with his economic managers, Finance Secretary Benjamin Diokno, National Economic and Development Authority Secretary Arsenio Balisacan, and Bangko Sentral ng Pilipinas Governor Felipe Medalla, to give a briefing about the country's economic status, and to lay out plans to further revive the country's economy, while combating inflation.[149][150][151] Marcos also tackled issues regarding food security, transportation issues, and the reopening of face-to-face classes within the year.[149] On July 23, 2022, Marcos has vetoed a bill which seeks to strengthen the Office of the Government Corporate Counsel (OGCC), as he cited that several provisions of the bill are "inequitable".[152][153]

On July 25, 2022, the same day of his first State of the Nation Address, Marcos allowed Republic Act No. 11900, known as the Vaporized Nicotine and Non-Nicotine Products Regulation Act to lapse into law. The law became controversial, due to the hounding health risks regarding the usage of electronic cigarettes and heated tobacco products.[154] In an effort to boost the country's booster shot campaign, Marcos launched the "PinasLakas" campaign to continue administering COVID-19 booster doses within the public, by targeting a total of at least 39 million Filipinos to get their booster shots.[155]

Two days after his first State of the Nation Address, following a meeting with Solicitor General Menardo Guevarra, Presidential Legal Adviser Juan Ponce Enrile, Executive Secretary Vic Rodriguez, Foreign Affairs Secretary Enrique Manalo, Justice Secretary Jesus Crispin Remulla, and former presidential spokesman and lawyer Harry Roque on July 27, 2022, Marcos expressed that the Philippines has no intention of rejoining the International Criminal Court, as the death cases linked to the country's drug war of his predecessor's administration are already being investigated by the government, and stated that the government is taking the necessary steps regarding the deaths.[156] On July 30, 2022, Marcos vetoed a bill which grants tax exemption on poll workers' honoraria and the creation of a transport safety board, stating that the honoraria "counters the objective of the government’s Comprehensive Tax Reform Program", while mentioning that the proposed creation of a transport safety board "undertakes the functions by the different agencies" within the transport sector.[157][158]

Court cases

Income and estate tax case convictions

On June 27, 1990, a special tax audit team of the Bureau of Internal Revenue (BIR) investigated the tax liabilities and obligations of the late Ferdinand Marcos Sr, who died on September 29, 1989. The investigation disclosed in a 1991 memorandum that the Marcos family had failed to file estate tax returns and several income tax returns covering the years of 1982 to 1986 in violation of the National Internal Revenue Code.[159]

The BIR also issued a deficiency estate tax assessment against the estate of the late Ferdinand Marcos Sr. in 1991 for unpaid estate taxes from 1982 to 1985, and 1985 to 1986, totaling ₱23,293,607,638 (₱97,792,696,739 in 2022). Formal assessment notices were served to Bongbong Marcos at his office at the Batasang Pambansa Complex on October 20, 1992, who was then the representative of the 2nd District of Ilocos Norte. Several notices of levy were also issued by the BIR February 22, 1993, to May 26, 1993, to satisfy the deficiency of estate tax returns, to no avail.[159]

On March 12, 1993, lawyer Loreto Ata, representing Bongbong Marcos, called the attention of the BIR to notify them of any action taken by the BIR against his client. Bongbong Marcos then filed an instant petition on June 25, 1993, for certiorari and prohibition to contest the estate tax deficiency assessment.[159]

On July 27, 1995, Quezon City Regional Trial Court Judge Benedicto Ulep convicted Marcos to seven years in jail and a fine of US$2,812 (₱138,491 in 2023) plus back taxes for tax evasion in his failure to file an income tax return from the period of 1982 to 1985 while sitting as the vice governor of Ilocos Norte (1980–1983) and as governor of Ilocos Norte (1983–1986).[160] Marcos subsequently appealed the decision to the Court of Appeals over his conviction. However, in 1994, the Court of Appeals ruled that the estate tax deficiency assessment had become "final and unappealable", allowing it to be enforced.[161]

On October 31, 1997, the Court of Appeals affirmed its earlier decision with Marcos being convicted for the failure of the filing of an income tax return under Section 45 of the National Internal Revenue Code of 1977 while being acquitted of tax evasion under the charge of violating Section 50 of the same statute. In spite of the removal of the penalty of imprisonment, Marcos was ordered the payment of back income taxes to the Bureau of Internal Revenue (BIR) with interest and the issuance of corresponding fines of ₱2,000 per count of non-filing of income tax returns from 1982 to 1984 and ₱30,000 for 1985, plus the accrued interest.[162] Marcos later filed a petition for certiorari to the Supreme Court of the Philippines over the modified conviction imposed by the Court of Appeals but subsequently withdrew his petition on August 8, 2001, thereby declaring the ruling as final and executory.[163]

In 2021, the Quezon City Regional Trial Court certified that there were no records on file of Marcos settling the corresponding tax dues and fines.[164][165] However, according to Marcos's campaign team, documents issued by the Supreme Court, the BIR, and a receipt issued by the Land Bank of the Philippines state that the tax dues were paid,[166][167] while elections commissioner Rowena Guanzon noted that the documents Marcos submitted to the Commission on Elections were not receipts of taxes paid to the BIR but rather receipts from the Land Bank for lease rentals.[168][169] Nevertheless, the Commission on Elections ruled against the consolidated disqualification cases against Marcos and stated that “Further, to prove the absence of any ill-intention and bad faith on his part,” Marcos submitted a Bureau of Internal Revenue certification and an official receipt from the Landbank, showing his compliance with the CA decision directing him to pay deficiency income taxes amounting to a little over ₱67,000, including fines and surcharges.[170]

The estate tax deficiency assessment issued by the BIR has remained uncollected since the Supreme Court ruling on October 12, 1991. Since the ruling of the Supreme Court in 1997 which had junked the petition of Marcos to contest the estate tax deficiency assessment, under the Ramos, Arroyo, Aquino, and Duterte administrations, the BIR has issued renewed written demands on the Marcos family to pay the estate tax liabilities, which has remained unpaid. As a result, the estate tax deficiency assessment, with penalties, is estimated to have ballooned to ₱203,819,066,829 (₱203.819 billion) as of 2021.[171]

The unpaid estate tax return was used as grounds in one petition to cancel Marcos's certificate of candidacy for president in the 2022 elections. On March 1, 2022, presidential candidate and Manila mayor Isko Moreno said that he would implement the Supreme Court ruling ordering the Marcos family to pay their estate tax debts if elected, vowing to use the proceeds as relief aid (ayuda) for victims of the COVID-19 pandemic.[161] On March 28, 2022, Senator Aquilino Pimentel III filed Senate Resolution No. 998, stating an urgent and pressing need for the Senate to look into why the estate tax has remained uncollected for almost 25 years, which the amount has already been ruled to be due and demandable against the heirs of his father.[172]

2007 Payanig sa Pasig property case motion

On June 19, 2007,[173] Marcos Jr. filed a motion to intervene in, OCLP v. PCGG, Civil Case Number 0093 at the Sandiganbayan, the Philippines' anti-graft court.[173] The case had been filed by Ortigas & Company, Ltd. Partnership (OCLP) against the Presidential Commission on Good Government (PCGG) over the 18-hectare former Payanig sa Pasig property bordering Ortigas Avenue, Julia Vargas Avenue, and Meralco Avenue in Ortigas Center, Pasig City, which had been the site of the 'Payanig sa Pasig' theme park, but is now the location of various businesses, most notably the Metrowalk shopping and recreation complex.[174]

The PCGG considers the property the "crown jewel" among the properties sequestered from the Marcoses' ill-gotten wealth, estimating its minimum value to be about ₱16.5 billion in March 2015.[175] The property had been surrendered to the PCGG in 1986, as part of the settlement deal of Marcos crony Jose Yao Campos, who was holding the property under various companies on Marcos Sr.'s behalf.[176] Ortigas & Company countered that Marcos Sr. had coerced them to sell the property to him in 1968.[174] Marcos Jr.'s motion claimed that his father had bought the property legally, but the Sandiganbayan dismissed his motion on October 18, 2008, saying it had already dismissed a similar motion filed years earlier by his mother Imelda.[177]

2011 Hawaii contempt judgement

In 2011, the Hawaii District Court ruled Bongbong Marcos and his mother Imelda Marcos to be in contempt,[178] fining them US$353.6 million (₱17,414,799,999.93 in 2023) fine for not respecting an injunction from a 1992 judgement in a Human Rights Victims case, which commanded them not to dissipate the assets of Ferdinand Marcos's estate.[179][180] The ruling was upheld by the US Ninth Circuit Court of Appeals on October 24, 2012, and is believed to be "the largest contempt award ever affirmed by an appellate court."[180] While the 1992 case was against Ferdinand Marcos, the 2011 judgment was against Imelda and Bongbong personally.[181] The judgement also effectively barred Imelda and Bongbong from entering any US territory.[178] However, on June 9, 2022, United States Deputy Secretary of State Wendy Sherman[182] clarified in a roundtable discussion with local reporters during a state visit, that as a head of state, Marcos enjoys diplomatic immunity in all circumstances, stating that he is welcome to visit the United States under his official role.[183]

Political views

Marcos has described his political views as "conservative" and "Machiavellian".[184] He has been described in media reports as a populist.[185][186]

In foreign policy, although he has sought closer ties with China,[187] he has been described as more pro-American than his predecessor, Duterte.[188]

Public profile

Historical distortionism

Main article: Historical distortion regarding Ferdinand Marcos § Historical denialism

As with other Marcos family members who have stayed in the public eye since their return to the Philippines,[189][190][191] Marcos has received significant criticism for instances of historical denialism, and his trivialization of the human rights violations and economic plunder that took place during the Marcos administration, and of the role he played in the administration.[192][193][194] Specific criticisms have been leveled at Marcos for being unapologetic for human rights violations[192] and ill-gotten wealth[193] during his father's administration.[195][196][197][194] Of the human rights victims, Marcos Jr. said of them in 1999: "They don't want an apology, they want money."[198] He then proceeded to state that his family would apologize only if they had done something wrong.

When victims of human rights abuses during his father's administration commemorated the 40th year of the proclamation of martial law in 2012, Marcos Jr. dismissed their calls for an apology for the atrocities as "self-serving statements by politicians, self-aggrandizement narratives, pompous declarations, and political posturing and propaganda."[199][200] In the Sydney Morning Herald later that year, Bongbong cited the various court decisions against the Marcos family as a reason not to apologize for Martial Law abuses, saying "we have a judgment against us in the billions. What more would people want?"[3]

During his 2016 vice presidential campaign, Marcos responded to then-President Noynoy Aquino's criticism of the Marcos regime and call to oppose his election run. He dismissed the events, saying Filipinos should "leave history to the professors."[201][202][203] This prompted over 500 faculty, staff and history professors from the Ateneo de Manila University to immediately issue a statement condemning his dismissive retort as part of "an ongoing willful distortion of our history," and a "shameless refusal to acknowledge the crimes of the Martial Law regime."[204][205][206][207][208] More than 1,400 Catholic schools, through the Catholic Educational Association of the Philippines (CEAP), later joined the call of the Ateneo faculty "against the attempt of [Marcos] to canonize the harrowing horrors of martial rule."[209][210] This was also followed by the University of the Philippines Diliman's Department of History, which released a statement of its own, decrying what they called a "dangerous" effort for Marcos to create "myth and deception."[211][212][213]

On September 20, 2018, Marcos Jr. released a YouTube video showing a tête-à-tête between him and former Senate President Juan Ponce Enrile, who had been his father's defense minister before playing a key role in his ouster during the 1986 EDSA revolution.[214] The video made a number of claims, which were quickly refuted and denounced by martial law victims, including former Senate President Aquilino Pimentel Jr., former Social Welfare Secretary Judy Taguiwalo, former Commission on Human Rights chair Etta Rosales, and writer Boni Ilagan, among others. Enrile later backpedaled from some of his claims, attributing them to "unlucid intervals."[215]

Online presence

According to research by Vera Files, Marcos benefited the most from fake news from the Philippines in 2017, along with President Rodrigo Duterte.[216] Most viral news were driven by shares on networks of Facebook pages.[216] Also, most Philippine audience Facebook pages and groups spreading online disinformation bore "Duterte", "Marcos" or "News" in their names and are pro-Duterte.[217]

In July 2020, Brittany Kaiser alleged in an interview that Marcos had approached the controversial firm Cambridge Analytica in order to "rebrand" the Marcos family image on social media.[218] Marcos's spokesperson Vic Rodriguez denied these allegations and stated that Marcos is considering filing libel charges against Rappler, which published Kaiser's interview.[219]

Impostor urban legend

Between the late 70s and early 80s, an urban legend became popular claiming that Marcos Jr. was stabbed and died during a scuffle while studying abroad. The Marcos family allegedly looked for Bongbong’s look-alike to replace him. This was later debunked by Marcos in one of his vlogs. The origins of this urban legend remain unknown.[220]

Tallano gold myth

See also: Tallano gold

In 1990, during a coverage of Imelda Marcos's trial in New York, Inquirer journalist Kristina Luz interviewed then-33-year-old exiled Bongbong Marcos and asked where the Marcos wealth come from. Marcos responded "only I know where the gold is and how to get it". This was corroborated in a 1992 report by the Associated Press that quoted Imelda Marcos saying that her husband’s wealth came "from the Japanese and other gold he found after World War II, and not from the Philippine coffers." In 2007, Marcos informed the anti-graft court Sandiganbayan that his father's wealth came from trading "precious metals more specifically gold from the years 1946 to 1954" when he tried to win back the Ortigas Payanig property in Pasig from the national government.[221]

The myth surrounding the gold allegedly owned by the Marcos family has been the subject of various misinformation, as in 2011, a Facebook post claimed that a certain "Tallano clan" had paid Ferdinand Marcos Sr. in gold for his legal services. Several years later, supporters of the Marcos family in a Facebook page called "Marcos Cyber Warriors" also claimed that Marcos Sr.’s wealth came from his former law client, the "Maharlikan Tallano family".[222]

This has resulted in a long-running belief that should Bongbong Marcos win as president, he will give Filipinos a share of this gold. However during his Philippine presidential election campaign in the 2022 elections, when asked over One News to verify the mythical "Tallano gold" or the long-believed tale that they got a share of the Japanese Yamashita gold, Marcos denied knowledge of it, even joking that "people should let him know if they see any of that gold". The urban myth had allegedly been suggested or carried by various social media pages being run by Marcos supporters in order to engage more people to support his presidential bid.[222]

Personal life

Marcos is married to lawyer Louise "Liza" Cacho Araneta, a member of the prominent Araneta family. Marcos and Araneta were married in Fiesole, Italy, on April 17, 1993. They have three sons: Ferdinand Alexander III "Sandro" (born 1994), Joseph Simon (born 1995) and William Vincent "Vinny" (born 1997).[223][224][225] Although he is Ilocano by ethnic ancestry, he was brought up in a Manileño household and does not speak the Ilocano language.[226][227] The Marcos family maintains a residence in Forbes Park, Makati.[228]

Aside from his common nickname "Bongbong", Marcos is known by his peers as "Bonggets".[48] Marcos is an avid listener of rock and roll, rhythm and blues, and jazz music. He once held a record collection in Malacañang Palace that he described as "the best record collection in the Philippines" but left it when his family was exiled from the country in 1986. He is a fan of the Beatles, citing Sgt. Pepper's Lonely Hearts Club Band as his favorite album of theirs, and often collects the band's memorabilia. Marcos can also play the saxophone.[229]

Marcos exercises regularly and claims to abstain from consuming confections and soft drinks.[48] Marcos is also an avid reader, a cinephile, and a gun enthusiast, where he holds a competition under his name.[48][54][230] He follows Formula One racing as a supporter of Scuderia Ferrari; during his presidency, he attended the 2022 Singapore Grand Prix with Prime Minister Lee Hsien Loong and other foreign dignitaries.[231][232]

On March 31, 2020, Marcos's spokesperson confirmed that Marcos had tested positive for COVID-19.[233] Prior to getting tested, Marcos was reportedly experiencing chest pains after coming home from a trip to Spain. He has since recovered from the disease after testing negative on a RT-PCR test on May 5, 2020, a month after testing positive for COVID-19.[234] On July 8, 2022, Marcos's press secretary confirmed that Marcos had tested positive again for COVID-19 after experiencing slight fever.[235]

Alleged cocaine usage

On November 18, 2021, President Rodrigo Duterte claimed in a televised speech that a certain candidate for the 2022 Philippine presidential election is allegedly using cocaine, hinting at the candidate using male pronouns on several instances. Furthermore, Duterte alleged that the candidate eluded law enforcement authorities by doing drugs on a private yacht and a plane.[236] Although he did not name the candidate, it was alluded that Duterte was referring to Marcos after he continued on his speech that the male candidate is a "weak leader" and has been "capitalizing on his father's accomplishments".[237] Prior to that, Duterte previously named Marcos a "weak leader who had done nothing" and a "spoiled child for being an only son".[238]

Days after Duterte's allegation, Marcos took a cocaine drug test through a urine sample at St. Luke's Medical Center and submitted the negative result to law enforcement authorities with a follow up online memo by the medical institution confirming the legitimacy of the test.[239]

Marcos responded that he did not feel that he was the one alluded to by President Duterte. According to health care provider American Addiction Centers, after the last use, cocaine or its metabolites can show up on a blood or saliva test for up to two days, a urine test for up to three days, and a hair test for months to years.[240] In an interview with CNN Philippines in April 2022, Marcos responded to Duterte's remarks on him being a "spoiled" and "weak leader", saying that the president was "playing politics" and was "always making sure everybody's thinking hard about what they're doing".[241]

In an interview with ANC in May 2022, former senator Nikki Coseteng, who claimed to personally know Marcos, alleged that Marcos was a "lazy individual" who frequented discos and got high on illegal substances along with his socialite friends during his youth.[242] Marcos has neither denied nor confirmed Coseteng's allegations.[243]

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External links

  • Official website
  • Senate biography
Marcos Family
  • The Marcos Regime Research (MRR) program by the University of the Philippines Third World Studies Center
  • The Martial Law Memorial Museum
  • The Martial Law Chronicles Project

January 26, 2023
bongbong, marcos, this, philippine, name, middle, name, maternal, family, name, romualdez, surname, paternal, family, name, marcos, ferdinand, bongbong, romualdez, marcos, ɑːr, koss, ɔː, kohss, kawss, tagalog, ˈmaɾkɔs, born, september, 1957, commonly, referred. In this Philippine name the middle name or maternal family name is Romualdez and the surname or paternal family name is Marcos Ferdinand Bongbong Romualdez Marcos Jr 3 4 5 UK ˈ m ɑːr k ɒ s MAR koss US k oʊ s k ɔː s kohss kawss 6 7 Tagalog ˈmaɾkɔs born September 13 1957 commonly referred to by the initials PBBM or BBM is a Filipino politician who is the 17th and current president of the Philippines 8 9 10 He previously served as a senator from 2010 to 2016 He is the second child and only son of tenth president and dictator Ferdinand Marcos Sr and former first lady Imelda Romualdez Marcos 3 11 His ExcellencyBongbong MarcosOfficial portrait 202217th President of the PhilippinesIncumbentAssumed office June 30 2022Vice PresidentSara DutertePreceded byRodrigo DuterteSecretary of AgricultureIncumbentAssumed office June 30 2022PresidentHimselfPreceded byWilliam DarSenator of the PhilippinesIn office June 30 2010 June 30 2016Member of thePhilippine House of Representativesfrom Ilocos Norte s 2nd congressional districtIn office June 30 2007 June 30 2010Preceded byImee MarcosSucceeded byImelda MarcosIn office June 30 1992 June 30 1995Preceded byMariano Nalupta Jr Succeeded bySimeon ValdezGovernor of Ilocos NorteIn office June 30 1998 June 30 2007Preceded byRodolfo FarinasSucceeded byMichael Marcos KeonIn office March 23 1983 February 25 1986Preceded byElizabeth KeonSucceeded byCastor Raval OIC Vice Governor of Ilocos NorteIn office June 30 1980 March 23 1983GovernorElizabeth KeonNational Chairman of the Partido Federal ng PilipinasIncumbentAssumed office October 5 2021Party presidentReynaldo Tamayo Jr Preceded byAbubakar MangelenPersonal detailsBornFerdinand Romualdez Marcos Jr 1957 09 13 September 13 1957 age 65 Santa Mesa Manila Philippines 1 Political partyPFP since 2021 Other politicalaffiliationsNacionalista 2009 2021 KBL 1980 2009 SpouseLouise Araneta m 1993 wbr 2 Children3 including SandroParent s Ferdinand Marcos Sr Imelda MarcosRelativesMarcos familyResidence s Malacanang Palace office Bahay ng Pagbabago residence The Mansion summer residence EducationWorth School secondary Alma materSt Edmund Hall Oxford special diploma Wharton School of the University of Pennsylvania no degree SignatureWebsitepbbm wbr com wbr phIn 1980 Marcos became Vice Governor of Ilocos Norte running unopposed with the Kilusang Bagong Lipunan party of his father who was ruling the Philippines under martial law at the time 12 He then became Governor of Ilocos Norte in 1983 holding that office until his family was ousted from power by the People Power Revolution and fled into exile in Hawaii in February 1986 13 After the death of his father in 1989 President Corazon Aquino eventually allowed his family to return to the Philippines to face various charges 14 Marcos and his mother Imelda are currently facing arrest in the United States for defying a court order to pay US 353 million 17 385 249 999 93 in 2023 in restitution to human rights abuse victims during his father s dictatorship 15 Marcos was elected as Representative of Ilocos Norte s 2nd congressional district from 1992 to 1995 He was elected Governor of Ilocos Norte again in 1998 After nine years he returned to his previous position as Representative from 2007 to 2010 then became senator under the Nacionalista Party from 2010 to 2016 16 In 2015 Marcos ran for vice president in the 2016 election With a difference of 263 473 votes and a 0 64 percent difference in votes Marcos lost to Camarines Sur representative Leni Robredo 17 In response Marcos filed an electoral protest at the Presidential Electoral Tribunal his petition was later unanimously dismissed after the pilot recount resulted in Robredo widening her lead by 15 093 additional votes 18 19 In 2021 Marcos announced that he would run for President of the Philippines in the 2022 election under the Partido Federal ng Pilipinas 20 which he won by a landslide 8 He received nearly 59 of the votes becoming the first to be elected by a majority since the establishment of the Fifth Republic in 1986 21 22 He was officially declared president elect by Congress on May 25 2022 21 His win was also the largest since 1981 when his father won 88 of the votes due to a boycott by the opposition who protested the prior election 23 24 25 He is the first Philippine candidate to lose a vice presidential campaign but win the presidency Marcos s presidential campaign received criticism from fact checkers and disinformation scholars who found his campaign to be driven by historical negationism aimed at revamping the Marcos brand and smearing his rivals 26 His campaign has also been accused of whitewashing the human rights abuses and plunder that took place during his father s presidency 26 The Washington Post has noted how the historical distortionism of the Marcoses has been underway since the 2000s while The New York Times cited his convictions of tax fraud including his refusal to pay his family s estate taxes and misrepresentation of his education at the University of Oxford 27 28 29 30 Contents 1 Early life and education 1 1 Education 1 2 Early public roles 2 Roles in the Marcos regime 2 1 Vice governorship and governorship in Ilocos Norte 2 2 Chairmanship of PHILCOMSAT Board 2 3 Ill gotten Marcos family wealth 3 EDSA revolution and exile 1986 1991 4 Return to the Philippines and later activities 1991 present 4 1 House of Representatives first term 4 1 1 Compromise deal attempt 4 2 Ilocos Norte governor second term 4 3 House of Representatives second term 4 4 Senate career 4 4 1 2014 PDAF Pork Barrel Scam 4 4 2 2016 Commission on Audit suit 4 5 2016 vice presidential campaign 4 5 1 Election results protest 4 6 2022 presidential campaign and election 5 Presidency 2022 present 5 1 Early actions 6 Court cases 6 1 Income and estate tax case convictions 6 2 2007 Payanig sa Pasig property case motion 6 3 2011 Hawaii contempt judgement 7 Political views 8 Public profile 8 1 Historical distortionism 8 2 Online presence 8 3 Impostor urban legend 8 4 Tallano gold myth 9 Personal life 9 1 Alleged cocaine usage 10 References 11 External linksEarly life and educationBongbong Marcos was born as Ferdinand Romualdez Marcos Jr on September 13 1957 at Our Lady of Lourdes Hospital in Santa Mesa Manila Philippines to Ferdinand Marcos and Imelda Marcos At that time of his birth his father Ferdinand Sr was the representative for the Second District of Ilocos Norte eventually becoming a senator just two years later His godfathers included prominent personalities and future Marcos cronies Eduardo Danding Cojuangco Jr 31 286 and pharmaceuticals magnate Jose Yao Campos 32 Education Marcos first studied at the Institucion Teresiana and La Salle Green Hills in Manila where he obtained his kindergarten and elementary education respectively 33 34 In 1970 Marcos was sent to England where he lived and studied at Worth School an all boys Benedictine institution in West Sussex 3 35 He was studying there when his father declared martial law throughout the Philippines in 1972 3 35 He then enrolled at St Edmund Hall Oxford to study philosophy politics and economics PPE However despite his false claims that he graduated with a bachelor of arts in PPE 36 he did not obtain such a degree 37 38 39 Marcos had passed philosophy but failed economics and failed politics twice thus making him ineligible for a degree 40 41 Instead he received a special diploma in social studies 39 which was awarded mainly to non graduates and is currently no longer offered by the university 37 42 Marcos still falsely claims that he obtained a degree from the University of Oxford despite Oxford confirming in 2015 that Marcos did not finish his degree 43 Marcos enrolled in the Masters in Business Administration program at the Wharton School of Business University of Pennsylvania in Philadelphia United States which he failed to complete Marcos asserts that he withdrew from the program for his election as Vice Governor of Ilocos Norte in 1980 44 The Presidential Commission on Good Government later reported that his tuition his US 10 000 492 500 in 2023 monthly allowance and the estate he lived in while studying at Wharton were paid using funds that could be traced partly to the intelligence funds of the Office of the President and partly to some of the fifteen bank accounts that the Marcoses had secretly opened in the US under assumed names 45 Early public roles See also Iginuhit ng Tadhana and The Beatles 1966 tour of Germany Japan and the Philippines Marcos was thrust into the national limelight as early as when he was three years old and the scrutiny became even more intense when his father first ran for President of the Philippines in 1965 46 when he was eight years old 3 35 31 During his father s 1965 campaign Marcos played himself in the Sampaguita Pictures film Iginuhit ng Tadhana The Ferdinand E Marcos Story a biopic based on the novel For Every Tear a Victory 47 46 The young Marcos was portrayed giving a speech towards the end of the film in which he says that he would like to be a politician when he grows up 48 The public relations value of the film is credited for having helped the elder Marcos win the 1965 Philippine elections 49 A young Bongbong Marcos and his sister Imee played a small role in the controversial Manila incident of the Beatles in July 1966 just six months after their father assumed the presidency 50 51 200 Bongbong and Imee were among 400 children whom their mother Imelda brought to Malacanang Palace for a reception in which they expected the Beatles to show up 50 The four band members claimed not to know about the event and refused to attend As the event went on without them the Marcos children were interviewed Bongbong referring to the group s long hair was quoted saying I d like to pounce on the Beatles and cut off their hair Don t anybody dare me to do anything because I ll do it just to see how game the Beatles are 50 Imee meantime was quoted saying There is only one song I like from the Beatles and it s Run for Your Life 50 a quote which media later associated with the way the Beatles scrambled out of Manila receiving rough treatment at the Manila International Airport 50 Beatles lead guitarist George Harrison later accused the Marcoses of inciting Filipinos to mob the band as they tried to leave the country for not showing up at the reception saying in a 1986 interview at NBC s Today Show that the Marcoses tried to kill them 52 53 Harrison further said that their plane was not allowed to leave Manila until their manager Brian Epstein refunded the concert ticket money 52 53 The Manila Bulletin reported in 2015 that Marcos had once invited Beatles drummer Ringo Starr to return to the Philippines to bring closure to the incident 54 The incident was brought up in the media again after a 2021 interview between Marcos and Toni Gonzaga when he was asked about which musicians he idolized and he casually mentioned that he was friends with Mick Jagger of The Rolling Stones and members of the Beatles 52 Marcos was still a minor on the exact year that martial law was declared Marcos turned 18 in 1975 55 56 a year after he graduated from Worth School 57 Roles in the Marcos regimeVice governorship and governorship in Ilocos Norte Marcos s first formal role in a political office came with his election as Vice Governor of Ilocos Norte 1980 1983 at the age of 23 On March 23 1983 he was installed as the Governor of Ilocos Norte replacing his aunt who had resigned from the post due to health reasons 58 In 1983 he led a group of young Filipino leaders on a 10 day diplomatic mission to China to mark the tenth anniversary of Philippine Chinese relations 59 He stayed in office until the People Power Revolution in 1986 During Marcos s term at least two extrajudicial killings took place in Ilocos Norte as documented by the Martial Law Victims Association of Ilocos Norte MLVAIN 60 61 Chairmanship of PHILCOMSAT Board Marcos was appointed by his father to be chairman of the board of the Philippine Communications Satellite Corporation PHILCOMSAT in early 1985 62 In a prominent example of what Finance Minister Jaime Ongpin later branded crony capitalism the Marcos administration had sold its majority shares to Marcos cronies such as Roberto S Benedicto 63 Manuel H Nieto 63 Jose Yao Campos 64 and Rolando Gapud 64 in 1982 despite being very profitable because of its role as the sole agent for the Philippines link to global satellite network Intelsat 63 President Marcos acquired a 39 9 share in the company through front companies under Campos and Gapud 64 This allowed President Marcos to appoint his son as the chairman of the Philcomsat board in early 1985 allowing the young Marcos to draw a monthly salary ranging from US 9 700 to US 97 000 62 63 477 725 to 4 777 250 in 2023 despite rarely visiting the office and having no duties there 63 62 PHILCOMSAT was one of five telecommunications firms sequestered by the Philippine government in 1986 63 Ill gotten Marcos family wealth Main article Unexplained wealth of the Marcos family After the Marcos family went into exile in 1986 the Presidential Commission on Good Government found that the three Marcos children benefited significantly 62 45 65 from what the Supreme Court of the Philippines defined as ill gotten wealth of the Marcos family 66 67 68 Aside from the tuition US 10 000 00 492 500 in 2023 monthly allowance and the estates used by Marcos Jr and Imee Marcos during their respective studies at Wharton and Princeton 45 each of the Marcos children was assigned a mansion in the Metro Manila area as well as in Baguio the Philippines designated summer capital 45 Properties specifically said to have been given to Marcos Jr included the Wigwam House compound on Outlook Drive in Baguio 45 and the Seaside Mansion Compound in Paranaque 45 In addition by the time their father was ousted from power in 1986 both Marcos Jr and Imee held key posts in the Marcos administration 62 Imee was already thirty when she was appointed as the national head of the Kabataang Barangay in the late 1970s 62 and Marcos Jr was in his twenties when he took up the vice gubernatorial post for the province of Ilocos Norte in 1980 and then became governor of that province from 1983 until the Marcos family was ousted from Malacanang in 1986 62 EDSA revolution and exile 1986 1991 Further information People Power Revolution During the last days of the 1986 People Power Revolution Bongbong Marcos in combat fatigues to project his warlike stance 69 pushed his father Ferdinand Marcos to give the order to his remaining troops to attack and blow up Camp Crame despite the presence of hundreds of thousands of civilians there The elder Marcos did not follow his son s urgings 70 Fearful of a scenario in which Marcos s presence in the Philippines would lead to a civil war 71 the Reagan administration withdrew its support for the Marcos government and flew Marcos and a party of about 80 individuals 13 the extended Marcos family and a number of close associates 72 from the Philippines to Hawaii despite Marcos s objections 71 Bongbong Marcos and his family were on the flight with his parents 73 74 Soon after arriving in Hawaii Marcos Jr participated in an attempt to withdraw US 200 million 9 849 999 999 96 in 2023 from a secret family bank account with Credit Suisse in Switzerland 75 an act which eventually led to the Swiss government freezing the Marcoses bank accounts in late March that year 76 The Marcoses initially stayed at Hickam Air Force Base at the expense of the US Government A month after arriving in Honolulu they moved into a pair of residences in Makiki Heights Honolulu which were registered to Marcos cronies Antonio Floirendo and Bienvenido and Gliceria Tantoco 13 Ferdinand Marcos eventually died in exile three years later in 1989 77 with Marcos Jr being the only family member present at his father s deathbed 78 Return to the Philippines and later activities 1991 present After his father s death in 1989 President Corazon Aquino permitted the return of the remaining members of the Marcos family to the Philippines to face various charges 14 Bongbong Marcos was among the first to return to the Philippines He arrived in the country in 1991 and soon sought political office beginning in the family s traditional fiefdom in Ilocos Norte 79 House of Representatives first term Further information 1992 Philippine House of Representatives elections After Marcos returned to the Philippines in 1991 Marcos ran for and was elected representative of the second district of Ilocos Norte to the Philippine House of Representatives 1992 1995 80 When his mother Imelda Marcos ran for president in the same election he decided against supporting her candidacy and instead expressed support for his godfather Danding Cojuangco 81 During his term Marcos was the author of 29 House bills and co author of 90 more which includes those that paved the way for the creation of the Department of Energy and the National Youth Commission 82 He also allocated most of his Countryside Development Fund CDF to organizing the cooperatives of teachers and farmers in his home province 83 84 better source needed In October 1992 he led a group of ten representatives in attending the first sports summit in the Philippines held in Baguio 85 In late 1994 he was made president of the Kilusang Bagong Lipunan party which is known for its support for the Marcos regime 86 In 1995 Marcos ran for the Senate under the NPC led coalition but placed only 16th 87 Compromise deal attempt In 1995 Bongbong Marcos pushed a deal to allow the Marcos family to keep a quarter of the estimated US 2 billion to US 10 billion 98 499 999 999 61 to 492 499 999 998 03 in 2023 that the Philippine government had still not recovered from them on the condition that all civil cases be dropped a deal that was eventually struck down by the Philippines Supreme Court 75 Ilocos Norte governor second term Having previously served as Ilocos Norte governor from 1983 to 1986 Marcos was again elected as governor of Ilocos Norte in 1998 running against his father s closest friend and ally Roque Ablan Jr He served for three consecutive terms ending in 2007 88 House of Representatives second term In 2007 Marcos ran unopposed for the congressional seat previously held by his older sister Imee 89 He was then appointed as deputy minority leader of the House of Representatives During this term Marcos supported the passage of the Philippine Archipelagic Baselines Law or Republic Act No 9522 90 He also wrote his own version of the law but the bill only remained in the House Committee on Foreign Affairs 82 91 He also promoted the Republic Act No 9502 Universally Accessible Cheaper and Quality Medicines Act which was enacted on 2009 92 Senate career Senator Marcos during a Kapihan sa Senado forum in June 2014 Portrait during his stint as senatorFurther information 2010 Philippine Senate electionMarcos made a second attempt for the Senate in 2010 On November 20 2009 the KBL forged an alliance with the Nacionalista Party NP between Marcos and NP chair Senator Manny Villar at the Laurel House in Mandaluyong Marcos became a guest senatorial candidate of the NP through this alliance 93 Marcos was later removed as a member by the KBL National Executive Committee on November 23 2009 94 As such the NP broke its alliance with the KBL due to internal conflicts within the party however Marcos remained part of the NP senatorial lineup 93 He was proclaimed as one of the winning senatorial candidates of the 2010 senate elections He took office on June 30 2010 In the 15th Congress 2010 2013 Marcos authored 34 Senate bills He also co authored 17 bills of which seven were enacted into law 82 most notably the Anti Drunk and Drugged Driving Act whose principal author was Senator Vicente Sotto III the Cybercrime Prevention Act whose principal author was Senator Edgardo Angara and the Expanded Anti Trafficking in Persons and the National Health Insurance Acts both of which were principally authored by Senator Loren Legarda In the 16th Congress 2013 2016 Marcos filed 52 bills of which 28 were refiled from the 15th Congress One of them was enacted into law Senate Bill 1186 which sought the postponement of the 2013 Sangguniang Kabataan SK elections was enacted as Republic Act 10632 on October 3 2013 82 Marcos also co authored 4 Senate bills in the 16th Congress One of them Senate Bill 712 which was principally authored by Ralph Recto was enacted as Republic Act 10645 the Expanded Senior Citizens Act of 2010 82 95 He was the chair of the Senate committees on local government and public works He also chaired the oversight committee on the Autonomous Region in Muslim Mindanao ARMM Organic Act the congressional oversight panel on the Special Purpose Vehicle Act and a select oversight committee on barangay affairs 96 better source needed dead link 2014 PDAF Pork Barrel Scam In 2014 Bongbong Marcos was implicated by Janet Lim Napoles 97 and Benhur Luy 98 in the Priority Development Assistance Fund PDAF Pork Barrel scam through agent Catherine Mae Maya Santos 99 He allegedly channeled 100 million through 4 fake NGOs linked with Napoles 100 Marcos claimed that the large amounts of money was released by the budget department without his knowledge and that his signatures were forged 101 In connection to the PDAF scam Marcos was also sued for plunder by iBalik ang Bilyones ng Mamamayan iBBM an alliance of youth organizations The group cited Luy s digital files which showed bogus NGOs with shady or non existent offices 102 2016 Commission on Audit suit In 2016 Marcos was also sued for plunder for funneling 205 million of his PDAF via 9 special allotment release orders SARO to the following bogus foundations from October 2011 to January 2013 according to Luy s digital files 102 Social Development Program for Farmers Foundation SDPFFI 15 million Countrywide Agri and Rural Economic Development Foundation CARED 35 million People s Organization for Progress and Development Foundation POPDFI 40 million Health Education Assistance Resettlement Training Services HEARTS 10 million Kaupdanan Para Sa Mangunguma Foundation KMFI 20 million National Livelihood Development Corporation NLDC 100 millionThese NGOs were found by the Commission on Audit COA as bogus with shady or non existent offices 102 2016 vice presidential campaign Further information 2016 Philippine presidential electionMain article Miriam Defensor Santiago 2016 presidential campaign Wikiquote has quotations related to Ferdinand Marcos Jr s 2016 Vice Presidential campaign On October 5 2015 Marcos announced via his website that he would run for vice president of the Philippines in the 2016 general election stating I have decided to run for vice president in the May 2016 elections 17 103 Marcos ran as an independent candidate 104 Prior to his announcement he had declined an invitation by presidential candidate Vice President Jejomar Binay to become his running mate 105 On October 15 2015 presidential candidate Miriam Defensor Santiago confirmed that Marcos would serve as her running mate 106 Marcos placed second in the tightly contested vice presidential race losing to Camarines Sur Representative Leni Robredo who won by a margin of 263 473 votes 107 108 one of the closest since Fernando Lopez s victory in the 1965 vice presidential election Election results protest Main article 2016 Philippine presidential election Electoral protest Marcos challenged the results of the election lodging an electoral protest against Leni Robredo on June 29 2016 the day before Robredo s oathtaking 109 110 President Rodrigo Duterte has stated several times that he would resign if Marcos would be his successor instead of Vice President Leni Robredo 111 A recount began in April 2018 covering polling precincts in Iloilo and Camarines Sur which were areas handpicked by Marcos s camp In October 2019 the tribunal found that Robredo s lead grew by around 15 000 votes a total of 278 566 votes from Robredo s original lead of 263 473 votes after a recount of ballots from the 5 415 clustered precincts in Marcos s identified pilot provinces 112 On February 16 2021 the PET unanimously dismissed Bongbong Marcos s electoral protest against Leni Robredo 18 19 113 114 2022 presidential campaign and election Marcos center and his running mate Sara Duterte during a grand caravan in Quezon City in December 2021 Further information 2022 Philippine presidential election Main article Bongbong Marcos 2022 presidential campaign Marcos officially launched his campaign for president of the Philippines on October 5 2021 through a video post on Facebook and YouTube 115 116 An interview with his wife Liza Marcos revealed that he decided to run for president while watching the film Ant Man 117 118 though Marcos admitted that he could not recall this moment 119 He ran under the banner of the Partido Federal ng Pilipinas party assuming chairmanship of the party on the same day 120 while also being endorsed by his former party the Kilusang Bagong Lipunan 121 Marcos filed his certificate of candidacy before the Commission on Elections the following day 122 On November 16 Marcos announced his running mate to be Sara Duterte daughter of President Rodrigo Duterte and mayor of Davao City 123 Under the campaign theme of unity Marcos and Duterte s pairing was given the name UniTeam 123 Seven petitions were filed against Marcos s presidential bid 124 125 Three petitions aimed to cancel Marcos s certificate of candidacy COC one petition aimed to declare Marcos a nuisance candidate and three petitions aim to disqualify him Most petitions are based on Marcos s 1995 conviction for failing to file tax returns Three disqualification petitions were consolidated and raffled to the commission s first division while three other petitions were handed to the second division 124 126 The final petition was also handed to the first division Marcos dismissed the petitions as nuisance petitions with no legal basis and propaganda against him 127 Marcos won in 64 out of 81 provinces in the 2022 presidential election 128 Marcos regularly maintained a wide lead in presidential surveys throughout the months leading up to the May 2022 election 129 130 he was the first presidential candidate in the country to attain poll ratings of over 50 from surveys conducted by Pulse Asia since it began polling in 1999 131 His refrainment from attending all but one of the presidential debates during the campaign season was widely criticized 132 133 134 135 In a joint session of the 18th Congress of the Philippines overseen by Senate President Tito Sotto and House Speaker Lord Allan Velasco and stated by Senate Majority Leader Juan Miguel Zubiri and Majority Floor Leader Martin Romualdez Marcos was proclaimed the president elect of the Philippines on May 25 2022 alongside his running mate Vice President elect Sara Duterte Marcos received 31 629 783 votes or 58 77 of the total votes cast about 16 5 million votes ahead of his closest rival Vice President Leni Robredo who received over 15 million votes 136 He became the first presidential candidate to be elected by a majority since the establishment of the Fifth Republic in 1986 21 22 137 According to analysts Marcos together with Sara Duterte inherited Rodrigo Duterte s popularity when they both won landslides in the election 138 Historians noted the significance of his victory as a full circle of the Philippines from the People Power Revolution which deposed his father from the presidency thus marking the Marcos family s return to national power after 36 years 8 139 140 His majority was the largest since 1981 surpassing his father s 18 309 360 votes as the opposition boycotted that election it is the largest majority since 1969 for a competitive election and his 31 percentage point margin over his nearest opponent was the greatest since Ramon Magsaysay scored a 38 point margin over incumbent President Elpidio Quirino in 1953 His vote count was not only the largest ever recorded in a presidential election but close to the sum total of the two previous records combined On June 20 2022 Marcos announced that he will serve as the Secretary of Agriculture in concurrent capacity 141 Presidency 2022 present Main article Presidency of Bongbong Marcos See also Presidential transition of Bongbong Marcos and Inauguration of Bongbong Marcos Presidential styles of Bongbong Marcos Reference stylePresident Marcos Jr His ExcellencySpoken styleYour ExcellencyAlternative styleMr President Marcos delivering his inaugural address Marcos with Singaporean prime minister Lee Hsien Loong in September 2022 Marcos with United States president Joe Biden in September 2022 Early actions Main article First 100 days of Bongbong Marcos presidency On June 30 2022 at 12 00 noon PST Marcos Jr took the oath of office as the 17th President of the Philippines at the National Museum of the Philippines and was administered the oath by Chief Justice Alexander Gesmundo 142 143 At concurrent capacity Marcos appointed himself as Secretary of Agriculture in order to address inflation and personally monitor the food and agricultural sectors while enacting efforts boost farm outputs through various loan programs affordable pricing measures and machinery assistance 144 Marcos first executive order as president were abolishing two offices the Presidential Anti Corruption Commission and the Office of the Cabinet Secretary 145 The next day after his inauguration Marcos signed a memorandum seeking to provide free train rides to students and extends the free rides of the EDSA Carousel until the end of December 2022 146 Twelve days later on July 13 2022 Marcos announced that the free train rides will only be limited to students using the LRT Line 2 due to the line s access points to the University Belt 147 Two days after his inauguration on July 2 2022 Marcos vetoed a bill that aimed to create a free economic zone within the New Manila International Airport The bill was also known to be sponsored by his sister Senator Imee Marcos Marcos cited that the bill would cite substantial fiscal risks lacked coherences with existing laws and the proposed economic zone s location near the existing Clark Freeport and Special Economic Zone Marcos also called for further studies in establishing the planned economic zone 148 On the same day Marcos also ordered that the list of Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino Program beneficiaries to be cleansed after receiving reports of unqualified beneficiaries receiving cash assistance grants and downturned calls to surrender their accounts On July 5 2022 five days after his inauguration Marcos held his first cabinet meeting which was delayed during his inauguration and laid out his first agenda which primarily focuses on reviving the economy in the midst of the COVID 19 pandemic During the meeting Marcos led the discussions with his economic managers Finance Secretary Benjamin Diokno National Economic and Development Authority Secretary Arsenio Balisacan and Bangko Sentral ng Pilipinas Governor Felipe Medalla to give a briefing about the country s economic status and to lay out plans to further revive the country s economy while combating inflation 149 150 151 Marcos also tackled issues regarding food security transportation issues and the reopening of face to face classes within the year 149 On July 23 2022 Marcos has vetoed a bill which seeks to strengthen the Office of the Government Corporate Counsel OGCC as he cited that several provisions of the bill are inequitable 152 153 On July 25 2022 the same day of his first State of the Nation Address Marcos allowed Republic Act No 11900 known as the Vaporized Nicotine and Non Nicotine Products Regulation Act to lapse into law The law became controversial due to the hounding health risks regarding the usage of electronic cigarettes and heated tobacco products 154 In an effort to boost the country s booster shot campaign Marcos launched the PinasLakas campaign to continue administering COVID 19 booster doses within the public by targeting a total of at least 39 million Filipinos to get their booster shots 155 Two days after his first State of the Nation Address following a meeting with Solicitor General Menardo Guevarra Presidential Legal Adviser Juan Ponce Enrile Executive Secretary Vic Rodriguez Foreign Affairs Secretary Enrique Manalo Justice Secretary Jesus Crispin Remulla and former presidential spokesman and lawyer Harry Roque on July 27 2022 Marcos expressed that the Philippines has no intention of rejoining the International Criminal Court as the death cases linked to the country s drug war of his predecessor s administration are already being investigated by the government and stated that the government is taking the necessary steps regarding the deaths 156 On July 30 2022 Marcos vetoed a bill which grants tax exemption on poll workers honoraria and the creation of a transport safety board stating that the honoraria counters the objective of the government s Comprehensive Tax Reform Program while mentioning that the proposed creation of a transport safety board undertakes the functions by the different agencies within the transport sector 157 158 Court casesIncome and estate tax case convictions On June 27 1990 a special tax audit team of the Bureau of Internal Revenue BIR investigated the tax liabilities and obligations of the late Ferdinand Marcos Sr who died on September 29 1989 The investigation disclosed in a 1991 memorandum that the Marcos family had failed to file estate tax returns and several income tax returns covering the years of 1982 to 1986 in violation of the National Internal Revenue Code 159 The BIR also issued a deficiency estate tax assessment against the estate of the late Ferdinand Marcos Sr in 1991 for unpaid estate taxes from 1982 to 1985 and 1985 to 1986 totaling 23 293 607 638 97 792 696 739 in 2022 Formal assessment notices were served to Bongbong Marcos at his office at the Batasang Pambansa Complex on October 20 1992 who was then the representative of the 2nd District of Ilocos Norte Several notices of levy were also issued by the BIR February 22 1993 to May 26 1993 to satisfy the deficiency of estate tax returns to no avail 159 On March 12 1993 lawyer Loreto Ata representing Bongbong Marcos called the attention of the BIR to notify them of any action taken by the BIR against his client Bongbong Marcos then filed an instant petition on June 25 1993 for certiorari and prohibition to contest the estate tax deficiency assessment 159 On July 27 1995 Quezon City Regional Trial Court Judge Benedicto Ulep convicted Marcos to seven years in jail and a fine of US 2 812 138 491 in 2023 plus back taxes for tax evasion in his failure to file an income tax return from the period of 1982 to 1985 while sitting as the vice governor of Ilocos Norte 1980 1983 and as governor of Ilocos Norte 1983 1986 160 Marcos subsequently appealed the decision to the Court of Appeals over his conviction However in 1994 the Court of Appeals ruled that the estate tax deficiency assessment had become final and unappealable allowing it to be enforced 161 On October 31 1997 the Court of Appeals affirmed its earlier decision with Marcos being convicted for the failure of the filing of an income tax return under Section 45 of the National Internal Revenue Code of 1977 while being acquitted of tax evasion under the charge of violating Section 50 of the same statute In spite of the removal of the penalty of imprisonment Marcos was ordered the payment of back income taxes to the Bureau of Internal Revenue BIR with interest and the issuance of corresponding fines of 2 000 per count of non filing of income tax returns from 1982 to 1984 and 30 000 for 1985 plus the accrued interest 162 Marcos later filed a petition for certiorari to the Supreme Court of the Philippines over the modified conviction imposed by the Court of Appeals but subsequently withdrew his petition on August 8 2001 thereby declaring the ruling as final and executory 163 In 2021 the Quezon City Regional Trial Court certified that there were no records on file of Marcos settling the corresponding tax dues and fines 164 165 However according to Marcos s campaign team documents issued by the Supreme Court the BIR and a receipt issued by the Land Bank of the Philippines state that the tax dues were paid 166 167 while elections commissioner Rowena Guanzon noted that the documents Marcos submitted to the Commission on Elections were not receipts of taxes paid to the BIR but rather receipts from the Land Bank for lease rentals 168 169 Nevertheless the Commission on Elections ruled against the consolidated disqualification cases against Marcos and stated that Further to prove the absence of any ill intention and bad faith on his part Marcos submitted a Bureau of Internal Revenue certification and an official receipt from the Landbank showing his compliance with the CA decision directing him to pay deficiency income taxes amounting to a little over 67 000 including fines and surcharges 170 The estate tax deficiency assessment issued by the BIR has remained uncollected since the Supreme Court ruling on October 12 1991 Since the ruling of the Supreme Court in 1997 which had junked the petition of Marcos to contest the estate tax deficiency assessment under the Ramos Arroyo Aquino and Duterte administrations the BIR has issued renewed written demands on the Marcos family to pay the estate tax liabilities which has remained unpaid As a result the estate tax deficiency assessment with penalties is estimated to have ballooned to 203 819 066 829 203 819 billion as of 2021 171 The unpaid estate tax return was used as grounds in one petition to cancel Marcos s certificate of candidacy for president in the 2022 elections On March 1 2022 presidential candidate and Manila mayor Isko Moreno said that he would implement the Supreme Court ruling ordering the Marcos family to pay their estate tax debts if elected vowing to use the proceeds as relief aid ayuda for victims of the COVID 19 pandemic 161 On March 28 2022 Senator Aquilino Pimentel III filed Senate Resolution No 998 stating an urgent and pressing need for the Senate to look into why the estate tax has remained uncollected for almost 25 years which the amount has already been ruled to be due and demandable against the heirs of his father 172 2007 Payanig sa Pasig property case motion On June 19 2007 173 Marcos Jr filed a motion to intervene in OCLP v PCGG Civil Case Number 0093 at the Sandiganbayan the Philippines anti graft court 173 The case had been filed by Ortigas amp Company Ltd Partnership OCLP against the Presidential Commission on Good Government PCGG over the 18 hectare former Payanig sa Pasig property bordering Ortigas Avenue Julia Vargas Avenue and Meralco Avenue in Ortigas Center Pasig City which had been the site of the Payanig sa Pasig theme park but is now the location of various businesses most notably the Metrowalk shopping and recreation complex 174 The PCGG considers the property the crown jewel among the properties sequestered from the Marcoses ill gotten wealth estimating its minimum value to be about 16 5 billion in March 2015 175 The property had been surrendered to the PCGG in 1986 as part of the settlement deal of Marcos crony Jose Yao Campos who was holding the property under various companies on Marcos Sr s behalf 176 Ortigas amp Company countered that Marcos Sr had coerced them to sell the property to him in 1968 174 Marcos Jr s motion claimed that his father had bought the property legally but the Sandiganbayan dismissed his motion on October 18 2008 saying it had already dismissed a similar motion filed years earlier by his mother Imelda 177 2011 Hawaii contempt judgement In 2011 the Hawaii District Court ruled Bongbong Marcos and his mother Imelda Marcos to be in contempt 178 fining them US 353 6 million 17 414 799 999 93 in 2023 fine for not respecting an injunction from a 1992 judgement in a Human Rights Victims case which commanded them not to dissipate the assets of Ferdinand Marcos s estate 179 180 The ruling was upheld by the US Ninth Circuit Court of Appeals on October 24 2012 and is believed to be the largest contempt award ever affirmed by an appellate court 180 While the 1992 case was against Ferdinand Marcos the 2011 judgment was against Imelda and Bongbong personally 181 The judgement also effectively barred Imelda and Bongbong from entering any US territory 178 However on June 9 2022 United States Deputy Secretary of State Wendy Sherman 182 clarified in a roundtable discussion with local reporters during a state visit that as a head of state Marcos enjoys diplomatic immunity in all circumstances stating that he is welcome to visit the United States under his official role 183 Political viewsMarcos has described his political views as conservative and Machiavellian 184 He has been described in media reports as a populist 185 186 In foreign policy although he has sought closer ties with China 187 he has been described as more pro American than his predecessor Duterte 188 Public profileHistorical distortionism Main article Historical distortion regarding Ferdinand Marcos Historical denialism As with other Marcos family members who have stayed in the public eye since their return to the Philippines 189 190 191 Marcos has received significant criticism for instances of historical denialism and his trivialization of the human rights violations and economic plunder that took place during the Marcos administration and of the role he played in the administration 192 193 194 Specific criticisms have been leveled at Marcos for being unapologetic for human rights violations 192 and ill gotten wealth 193 during his father s administration 195 196 197 194 Of the human rights victims Marcos Jr said of them in 1999 They don t want an apology they want money 198 He then proceeded to state that his family would apologize only if they had done something wrong When victims of human rights abuses during his father s administration commemorated the 40th year of the proclamation of martial law in 2012 Marcos Jr dismissed their calls for an apology for the atrocities as self serving statements by politicians self aggrandizement narratives pompous declarations and political posturing and propaganda 199 200 In the Sydney Morning Herald later that year Bongbong cited the various court decisions against the Marcos family as a reason not to apologize for Martial Law abuses saying we have a judgment against us in the billions What more would people want 3 During his 2016 vice presidential campaign Marcos responded to then President Noynoy Aquino s criticism of the Marcos regime and call to oppose his election run He dismissed the events saying Filipinos should leave history to the professors 201 202 203 This prompted over 500 faculty staff and history professors from the Ateneo de Manila University to immediately issue a statement condemning his dismissive retort as part of an ongoing willful distortion of our history and a shameless refusal to acknowledge the crimes of the Martial Law regime 204 205 206 207 208 More than 1 400 Catholic schools through the Catholic Educational Association of the Philippines CEAP later joined the call of the Ateneo faculty against the attempt of Marcos to canonize the harrowing horrors of martial rule 209 210 This was also followed by the University of the Philippines Diliman s Department of History which released a statement of its own decrying what they called a dangerous effort for Marcos to create myth and deception 211 212 213 On September 20 2018 Marcos Jr released a YouTube video showing a tete a tete between him and former Senate President Juan Ponce Enrile who had been his father s defense minister before playing a key role in his ouster during the 1986 EDSA revolution 214 The video made a number of claims which were quickly refuted and denounced by martial law victims including former Senate President Aquilino Pimentel Jr former Social Welfare Secretary Judy Taguiwalo former Commission on Human Rights chair Etta Rosales and writer Boni Ilagan among others Enrile later backpedaled from some of his claims attributing them to unlucid intervals 215 Online presence According to research by Vera Files Marcos benefited the most from fake news from the Philippines in 2017 along with President Rodrigo Duterte 216 Most viral news were driven by shares on networks of Facebook pages 216 Also most Philippine audience Facebook pages and groups spreading online disinformation bore Duterte Marcos or News in their names and are pro Duterte 217 In July 2020 Brittany Kaiser alleged in an interview that Marcos had approached the controversial firm Cambridge Analytica in order to rebrand the Marcos family image on social media 218 Marcos s spokesperson Vic Rodriguez denied these allegations and stated that Marcos is considering filing libel charges against Rappler which published Kaiser s interview 219 Impostor urban legend Between the late 70s and early 80s an urban legend became popular claiming that Marcos Jr was stabbed and died during a scuffle while studying abroad The Marcos family allegedly looked for Bongbong s look alike to replace him This was later debunked by Marcos in one of his vlogs The origins of this urban legend remain unknown 220 Tallano gold myth See also Tallano gold In 1990 during a coverage of Imelda Marcos s trial in New York Inquirer journalist Kristina Luz interviewed then 33 year old exiled Bongbong Marcos and asked where the Marcos wealth come from Marcos responded only I know where the gold is and how to get it This was corroborated in a 1992 report by the Associated Press that quoted Imelda Marcos saying that her husband s wealth came from the Japanese and other gold he found after World War II and not from the Philippine coffers In 2007 Marcos informed the anti graft court Sandiganbayan that his father s wealth came from trading precious metals more specifically gold from the years 1946 to 1954 when he tried to win back the Ortigas Payanig property in Pasig from the national government 221 The myth surrounding the gold allegedly owned by the Marcos family has been the subject of various misinformation as in 2011 a Facebook post claimed that a certain Tallano clan had paid Ferdinand Marcos Sr in gold for his legal services Several years later supporters of the Marcos family in a Facebook page called Marcos Cyber Warriors also claimed that Marcos Sr s wealth came from his former law client the Maharlikan Tallano family 222 This has resulted in a long running belief that should Bongbong Marcos win as president he will give Filipinos a share of this gold However during his Philippine presidential election campaign in the 2022 elections when asked over One News to verify the mythical Tallano gold or the long believed tale that they got a share of the Japanese Yamashita gold Marcos denied knowledge of it even joking that people should let him know if they see any of that gold The urban myth had allegedly been suggested or carried by various social media pages being run by Marcos supporters in order to engage more people to support his presidential bid 222 Personal lifeMarcos is married to lawyer Louise Liza Cacho Araneta a member of the prominent Araneta family Marcos and Araneta were married in Fiesole Italy on April 17 1993 They have three sons Ferdinand Alexander III Sandro born 1994 Joseph Simon born 1995 and William Vincent Vinny born 1997 223 224 225 Although he is Ilocano by ethnic ancestry he was brought up in a Manileno household and does not speak the Ilocano language 226 227 The Marcos family maintains a residence in Forbes Park Makati 228 Aside from his common nickname Bongbong Marcos is known by his peers as Bonggets 48 Marcos is an avid listener of rock and roll rhythm and blues and jazz music He once held a record collection in Malacanang Palace that he described as the best record collection in the Philippines but left it when his family was exiled from the country in 1986 He is a fan of the Beatles citing Sgt Pepper s Lonely Hearts Club Band as his favorite album of theirs and often collects the band s memorabilia Marcos can also play the saxophone 229 Marcos exercises regularly and claims to abstain from consuming confections and soft drinks 48 Marcos is also an avid reader a cinephile and a gun enthusiast where he holds a competition under his name 48 54 230 He follows Formula One racing as a supporter of Scuderia Ferrari during his presidency he attended the 2022 Singapore Grand Prix with Prime Minister Lee Hsien Loong and other foreign dignitaries 231 232 On March 31 2020 Marcos s spokesperson confirmed that Marcos had tested positive for COVID 19 233 Prior to getting tested Marcos was reportedly experiencing chest pains after coming home from a trip to Spain He has since recovered from the disease after testing negative on a RT PCR test on May 5 2020 a month after testing positive for COVID 19 234 On July 8 2022 Marcos s press secretary confirmed that Marcos had tested positive again for COVID 19 after experiencing slight fever 235 Alleged cocaine usage On November 18 2021 President Rodrigo Duterte claimed in a televised speech that a certain candidate for the 2022 Philippine presidential election is allegedly using cocaine hinting at the candidate using male pronouns on several instances Furthermore Duterte alleged that the candidate eluded law enforcement authorities by doing drugs on a private yacht and a plane 236 Although he did not name the candidate it was alluded that Duterte was referring to Marcos after he continued on his speech that the male candidate is a weak leader and has been capitalizing on his father s accomplishments 237 Prior to that Duterte previously named Marcos a weak leader who had done nothing and a spoiled child for being an only son 238 Days after Duterte s allegation Marcos took a cocaine drug test through a urine sample at St Luke s Medical Center and submitted the negative result to law enforcement authorities with a follow up online memo by the medical institution confirming the legitimacy of the test 239 Marcos responded that he did not feel that he was the one alluded to by President Duterte According to health care provider American Addiction Centers after the last use cocaine or its metabolites can show up on a blood or saliva test for up to two days a urine test for up to three days and a hair test for months to years 240 In an interview with CNN Philippines in April 2022 Marcos responded to Duterte s remarks on him being a spoiled and weak leader saying that the president was playing politics and was always making sure everybody s thinking hard about what they re doing 241 In an interview with ANC in May 2022 former senator Nikki Coseteng who claimed to personally know Marcos alleged that Marcos was a lazy individual who frequented discos and got high on illegal substances along with his socialite friends during his youth 242 Marcos has neither denied nor confirmed Coseteng s allegations 243 References Personal Timeline Bongbong Marcos bongbongmarcos com Bongbong takes a bride Manila Standard Kamahalan Publishing Corp April 19 1993 p 4 Retrieved October 10 2021 Rep Ferdinand Bongbong Marcos II wed his fiancee Louise Lisa Araneta Saturday April 17 at the Church of St Francis in Siesole sic Italy a b c d e f A dynasty on steroids The Sydney Morning Herald November 24 2012 Retrieved February 5 2022 Senator Ferdinand Bongbong R Marcos Jr Senate of the Philippines Retrieved October 15 2015 Who is Ferdinand Marcos Jr President Elect of Philippines The Informant247 May 12 2022 Retrieved May 23 2022 Jones Daniel 2011 Roach Peter Setter Jane Esling John eds Marcos Cambridge English Pronouncing Dictionary 18th ed 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2022 Did Ant Man inspire Bongbong Marcos to run for president Retrieved April 23 2022 I ll tell you the truth I didn t remember that Because my thoughts were far away It wasn t just when we were watching in theaters that I was pondering things Actually when the Boy Abunda interview came out she mentioned Ant Man when we saw each other again I asked her Is that true Sharma Akanksha Westcott Ben October 6 2021 Ferdinand Bongbong Marcos son of late dictator announces Philippines presidential bid CNN Retrieved October 6 2021 Punzalan Jamaine September 24 2021 Kilusang Bagong Lipunan nominates Bongbong Marcos as 2022 presidential bet ABS CBN News Retrieved October 6 2021 Patinio Ferdinand October 6 2021 Bongbong Marcos files candidacy for president Philippine News Agency Retrieved October 6 2021 a b Mercado Neil Arwin November 16 2021 It s official Bongbong Marcos Sara Duterte running in tandem in 2022 elections Inquirer News Manila Philippines INQUIRER net Retrieved April 23 2022 a b LIST Petitions against Bongbong Marcos 2022 presidential bid CNN Philippines Archived from the original on December 9 2021 Retrieved January 13 2022 LIST Petitions seeking to block Bongbong Marcos 2022 presidential bid RAPPLER November 23 2021 Archived from the original on January 2 2022 Retrieved January 17 2022 News G M A Marcos Jr Eleksyon 2022 disqualification case raffled to Comelec First Division GMA News Online Archived from the original on November 30 2021 Retrieved November 30 2021 a href Template Cite web html title Template Cite web cite web a last has generic name help Corrales Nestor November 17 2021 Bongbong Marcos No legal basis to disqualify me INQUIRER net Archived from the original on November 30 2021 Retrieved November 30 2021 Pena Kurt Dela May 17 2022 From 2016 to 2022 Provinces flip key to Marcos win Philippine Daily Inquirer Archived from the original on May 17 2022 Retrieved June 3 2022 Baclig Cristina Eloisa February 18 2022 The complex role of surveys public opinion in PH elections Inquirer News Manila Philippines INQUIRER net Retrieved April 23 2022 Ruiz Ellalyn de Vera April 6 2022 Bongbong Sara still survey frontrunners Pulse Asia Manila Bulletin Manila Bulletin Publishing Corporation Retrieved April 23 2022 Ranada Pia December 22 2021 Marcos outstrips rivals Robredo clear second placer in Pulse Asia survey Rappler Manila Philippines Rappler Inc Retrieved April 23 2022 This is the first time in a Pulse Asia survey that a presidential aspirant got a majority vote equivalent in survey ratings Pulse Asia executive director Ana Tabunda told Rappler Mercado Neil Arwin March 14 2022 Bongbong Marcos shuns Comelec debates cites preferred mode of communication with people Inquirer News Manila Philippines INQUIRER net Retrieved April 23 2022 Galvez Daphne March 20 2022 Bello wants Comelec to penalize Bongbong Marcos Sara Duterte for skipping debates Inquirer News Manila Philippines INQUIRER net Retrieved April 23 2022 Carreon Frencie Cantal 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Westfall Sammy May 10 2022 Marcos family once ousted by uprising wins Philippines vote in landslide The Washington Post Archived from the original on May 10 2022 Retrieved May 12 2022 Mercado Neil Arwin June 20 2022 Bongbong Marcos to head agriculture department in concurrent post Philippine Daily Inquirer Retrieved June 20 2022 Gita Carlos Ruth Abbey June 30 2022 Marcos Jr sworn in as PH s 17th president Philippine News Agency Archived from the original on June 30 2022 Retrieved June 30 2022 Marcos officially declared Philippines next president Nikkei Asia Marcos Names Himself Agriculture Chief to Tackle Food Cost Bloomberg com June 20 2022 Executive Order No 1 s 2022 PDF Official Gazette of the Republic of the Philippines June 30 2022 Retrieved July 7 2022 Mercado Neil Arwin July 1 2022 DOTr Marcos extends free EDSA Carousel bus rides OKs free train rides for students INQUIRER net Cordero Ted DOTr Free train rides for students now only on LRT2 GMA News Online Camus Miguel R July 2 2022 Bongbong Marcos vetoes bill on Bulacan Airport City ecozone INQUIRER net a b President Marcos focuses on PH economy in first Cabinet meeting ptvnews ph Mercado Neil Arwin July 5 2022 Bongbong Marcos holds first Cabinet meeting INQUIRER net Marcos holds first Cabinet meeting focus on PH economy Manila Bulletin July 5 2022 Pinlac Beatrice July 23 2022 Bongbong Marcos vetoes bill strengthening OGCC INQUIRER net Valente Catherine S July 24 2022 BBM vetoes bill for govt lawyers The Manila Times Manahan Job Controversial bill lowering the age for vape access lapses into law Palace PinasLakas administers 3 4M 1st booster dose in 100 days PH has no intention of rejoining ICC Marcos Sarao Zacarian July 30 2022 Bongbong Marcos vetoes transport safety board tax free poll workers honoraria bills INQUIRER net Marcos explains veto on bill making tax exempt teachers poll service pay Manila Bulletin August 1 2022 a b c G R No 120880 lawphil net Retrieved April 8 2022 Marcos Jr sentenced to 7 years in jail United Press International July 31 1995 a b Isko to go after P200 B Marcos estate tax debt if elected president RAPPLER February 28 2022 Retrieved April 8 2022 1995 tax evasion case could send Bongbong Marcos to jail The Manila Times November 6 2004 RECORDS Bongbong Marcos 1997 tax conviction hounds him in 2022 campaign Rappler November 3 2021 Retrieved February 5 2022 Court No record of Marcos complying with tax judgment Rappler December 3 2021 Mendoza John Eric December 3 2021 Court records show Bongbong Marcos did not pay penalty in tax evasion case petitioners INQUIRER net Retrieved December 19 2021 Canlas Jomar December 6 2021 BBM paid taxes documents show The Manila Times Retrieved December 19 2021 Patag Kristine Joy Marcos team answers petitioners court certificate with BIR document of payment in tax case Philstar com Retrieved December 22 2021 FALSE Marcos Jr submitted correct receipt for tax deficiencies payment Rappler February 4 2022 Retrieved February 5 2022 FACT CHECK Guanzon s claim that Marcos Jr submitted a fake receipt of tax payment is accurate News 5 January 28 2022 Retrieved February 5 2022 EXPLAINER Comelec ruling on consolidated disqualification cases vs Marcos news ABS CBN com February 11 2022 Retrieved February 27 2022 Carpio Antonio T September 30 2021 Tax debt of the Marcos estate INQUIRER net Retrieved April 8 2022 Romero Paolo Pimentel seeks probe on failure to collect Marcos estate tax Philstar com Retrieved April 8 2022 a b Araneta Sandy HR victims file claim for Payanig property The Philippine Star Archived from the original on February 4 2022 Retrieved February 4 2022 a b Gov t blocks Marcos appeal in Payanig property dispute ABS CBN News and Public Affairs January 13 2009 Retrieved February 5 2022 Yee Jovic March 26 2015 PCGG to sell P16 5B Payanig sa Pasig land soon The Philippine Daily Inquirer Retrieved February 4 2022 Ronda Rainier Allan November 22 2007 FM heirs want crony s assets returned The Philippine Star Archived from the original on August 9 2018 Retrieved February 5 2022 Marcos son appeals ruling on Payanig property The Philippine Star December 1 2008 Retrieved February 4 2022 a href Template Cite news html title Template Cite news cite news a CS1 maint url status link a b Marcoses lose US appeal Philippine Daily Inquirer October 29 2012 Archived from the original on October 30 2012 Retrieved November 8 2021 Imelda Bongbong Marcos Ordered To Pay 354M Fine Honolulu Civil Beat October 27 2012 Archived from the original on June 19 2016 Retrieved November 8 2021 a b Group wants US order vs Imelda Bongbong enforced ABS CBN News an Public Affairs July 2 2015 Archived from the original on November 8 2021 Retrieved November 8 2021 Inquirer Philippine Daily November 4 2012 Marcoses in contempt Philippine Daily Inquirer Archived from the original on November 7 2012 Retrieved November 8 2021 Deputy Secretary Sherman s Travel to the ROK Philippines Laos and Vietnam US embassy amp consulate in Vietnam June 10 2022 Retrieved June 12 2022 Ramos Christia Marie June 9 2022 Bongbong Marcos welcome to US given his diplomatic immunity top official Inquirer net Retrieved June 12 2022 Marcos says he s an optimist conservative Machiavellian Duterte vs Marcos brand of populism How do they differ CNN June 30 2022 Marcos bids to be man of the Filipino farmer June 27 2022 New Philippine President Seeks Deeper Ties with China Philippines Chased Dictator Marcos Billions for Years Now His Son Could End up in Charge Bloomberg com May 5 2022 EDSA People Power Inadequate Challenge to Marcos Revisionism Center for Media Freedom and Responsibility March 10 2016 Retrieved September 23 2018 Hernando Malipot Merlina September 7 2018 UP faculty vows to fight historical revisionism Manila Bulletin Retrieved September 24 2018 de Ynchausti Nik September 23 2016 Why has Marcos propaganda lived on Esquire Magazine Philippines Archived from the original on September 27 2016 Retrieved September 27 2016 a b Report of an Amnesty International Mission to the Republic of the Philippines 22 November 5 December 1975 PDF Amnesty International Publications September 1976 a b PCGG welcomes Singapore court decision on Marcos Swiss funds Rappler January 4 2015 a b Macaraig Ayee August 26 2015 Marcos on dad s regime What am I to apologize for Rappler Elizabeth Marcelo February 10 2016 Bongbong Marcos unfazed by anti Martial Law critics GMA News Online Ayee Macaraig August 16 2015 Bongbong on 2016 No downside to being a Marcos Rappler com Elizabeth Marcelo February 29 2016 Bongbong Marcos to critics Allow young voters to make own judgment GMA News Online Arzadon Cristina February 24 1999 Bongbong Apology They only want money Philippine Daily Inquirer Tan Kimberly Jane September 21 2012 Martial Law in the eyes of the late strongman Marcos son GMA News Quimpo Susan October 14 2012 Enrile s memoir gives me sleepless nights GMA News Leila B Salaverria February 27 2016 Bongbong Let historians not politicians judge Marcos rule Philippine Daily Inquirer Elizabeth Marcelo February 26 2016 Leave it to Professors Bongbong to PNoy Let history judge Marcos era GMA News Online Bongbong Let historians judge my father s regime ABS CBN News February 27 2016 Ateneo de Manila Community Stands Up Against Historical Revisionism of Martial Law Ateneo de Manila University March 3 2016 Archived from the original on April 5 2016 Retrieved July 3 2016 We are not blind to the darkness and oppression of Marcos years Statement of concerned members of the Ateneo de Manila University on the Martial Law regime and Bongbong Marcos revision of history PDF Ateneo de Manila University March 4 2016 Archived from the original PDF on January 14 2017 Retrieved February 27 2017 Paterno Esmaquel II March 7 2016 Ateneo presidents slam Bongbong Marcos revision of history Heads of Jesuit run universities join nearly 530 other signatories against the darkness and oppression of the Marcos years Rappler Yuji Vincent Gonzales March 2 2016 Ateneo professors slam Bongbong Marcos revision of history Philippine Daily Inquirer Filane Mikee Z Cervantes March 2 2016 Ateneo professors thumb down historical distortion of martial law regime Interaksyon com Archived from the original on March 7 2016 1 400 Catholic schools back call vs Marcos snares Imeldific lies Rappler March 8 2016 1 400 Catholic schools slam Marcos snares Imeldific lies ABS CBN News March 8 2016 University of the Philippines Department of History March 28 2016 Malakas at Maganda Marcos Reign Myth Making and Deception in History Facebook Aries Joseph Hegina March 30 2016 Marcos deception seeks to evade accountability UP Dept of History Philippine Daily Inquirer Rosette Adel March 30 2016 UP history profs slam mythical golden era under martial law The Philippine Star Viray Patricia Lourdes September 21 2018 Fact checking Enrile s tete a tete with Bongbong Marcos The Philippine Star Retrieved October 1 2018 Romero Paolo October 26 2018 Enrile apologizes to Martial Law victims blames unlucid intervals The Philippine Star Archived from the original on October 31 2018 Retrieved October 31 2018 a b VERA Files Yearender Who benefited most from fake news and other questions answered in three charts Vera Files December 22 2017 Samson Celine Isabelle December 30 2018 VERA FILES FACT CHECK YEARENDER Ads reveal links between websites producing fake news Vera Files Retrieved March 4 2022 Rappler Talk Brittany Kaiser on protecting your data Rappler July 15 2020 Retrieved July 16 2020 Bongbong Marcos asked Cambridge Analytica to rebrand family image Rappler July 15 2020 Retrieved July 16 2020 Mendoza John Eric November 25 2021 Is Bongbong really dead Comelec asked to junk COC of Marcos impostor Philippine Daily Inquirer Retrieved November 25 2021 Buan Lian March 7 2022 If Marcos never saw gold why tell court gold was their source of wealth Rappler Retrieved March 7 2022 a b Gonzales Cathrine February 5 2022 Walang ginto Bongbong Marcos seeks closure on Tallano gold myth Philippine Daily Inquirer Retrieved February 5 2022 Bongbong Marcos marks silver anniversary with wife Liza ABS CBN News April 22 2018 Retrieved April 6 2020 Son of Bongbong Marcos earns master s degree from London university cnn Retrieved April 6 2020 Basco Karl Cedrick March 9 2022 Vinny Marcos describes childhood in Ilocos Never influenced by money ABS CBN News Retrieved March 9 2022 WASAK EP 028 BONG BONG MARCOS News5 August 3 2013 Buan Lian November 8 2021 Solid North still a rock for Bongbong Marcos but some students speaking up Rappler Gonzales Iris April 26 2021 Billionaires are selling their sprawling Forbes homes Property Report PH PhilStar Media Group Retrieved July 24 2022 The other side of Bongbong Philstar com Filipino politicians guns and power RAPPLER December 15 2012 Need for speed Ferrari fanatic Bongbong Marcos arrives in time for Singapore Grand Prix final practi Bilyonaryo October 1 2022 Retrieved November 18 2022 Sarne Vernon October 1 2022 President Bongbong Marcos is a Formula 1 fan VISOR Retrieved November 18 2022 Galvez Daphne March 31 2020 Breaking Bongbong Marcos Tests Positive for COVID 19 Inquirer net Retrieved February 14 2022 Former Senator Bongbong Marcos confirms he is now COVID 19 free CNN Philippines May 5 2020 Retrieved May 19 2022 ONE News www facebook com Retrieved July 8 2022 Galvez Daphne November 22 2021 Duterte Cocaine using presidential bet elude cops by doing drugs on yacht plane Philippine Daily Inquirer Retrieved November 22 2021 Philippines Duterte says cocaine user among presidential election candidates CNN Reuters November 19 2021 Retrieved November 19 2021 Mercado Neil Arwin November 19 2021 Duterte takes jab at Bongbong Marcos anew calls him weak leader Philippine Daily Inquirer Retrieved November 19 2021 Cabalza Dexter Aning Jerome Aurelio Julie M November 24 2021 Marcos gets self tested for cocaine submits results to PDEA PNP NBI Philippine Daily Inquirer Retrieved November 24 2021 Atienza Kyle Aristophere T November 23 2021 Marcos takes drug test after Duterte claim on a cocaine user presidential candidate BusinessWorld Retrieved November 23 2021 Quismorio Ellson April 26 2022 Marcos finally responds to Duterte s spoiled brat weak leader tags Manila Bulletin Archived from the original on April 26 2022 Retrieved May 24 2022 Ex Sen Coseteng joins calls to prevent Marcoses from returning to Malacanang www youtube com Archived from the original on May 14 2022 Retrieved May 14 2022 a href Template Cite web html title Template Cite web cite web a CS1 maint bot original URL status unknown link ALWAYS HIGH Former senator joins calls to block Marcos possible return to Malacanang TV5 Network News5 May 6 2022 Retrieved May 6 2022 External linksBongbong Marcos at Wikipedia s sister projects Definitions from Wiktionary Media from Commons Quotations from Wikiquote Official website Senate biographyMarcos FamilyThe Marcos Regime Research MRR program by the University of the Philippines Third World Studies Center The Martial Law Memorial Museum The Martial Law Chronicles Project Portals Philippines Biography Politics Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Bongbong Marcos amp oldid 1135209901, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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