Haplogroup L1 is found most commonly in Central Africa and West Africa. It reaches its highest frequency among the MbengaPygmies. It is likely that it was formerly more widespread, and was constrained to its current area as a result of the Bantu migration (which is largely associated with haplogroup L2).[4] Haplogroup L1 has been observed in specimens from the island cemetery in Kulubnarti, Sudan, which date from the Early Christian period (AD 550–800).[5] An ancient Beaker culture individual at the Camino de las Yeseras in Spain (San Fernando de Henares, Madrid; [I4245 / RISE695] F) has also been found to carry the L1b1a mitochondrial haplogroup.[6]
Phylogenyedit
Interpolation maps for haplogroup L1b and L1c.
L1 has two branches, L1c and L1b (the formerly named haplogroups L1d, L1k, L1a, L1f have been[year needed] re-classified into haplogroup L0, as L0d, L0k, L0a, L0f; L1e as L5).
L1cedit
Haplogroup L1c emerged at about 85 kya. It reaches its highest frequencies in West and Central Africa, notably among the MbengaPygmy peoples. (see map).[7] Among the Mbenga, it is carried by 100% of Ba-Kola, 97% of Ba-Benzélé, and 77% of Biaka.[8] Other populations in which L1c is particularly prevalent include the Bedzan (Tikar) people (100%), Baka people from Gabon (97%) and Cameroon (90%),[9] the Bakoya (97%), and the Ba-Bongo (82%).[7] Common also in São Tomé (20%) and Angola (16–24%).[10]
^Soares, Pedro; Luca Ermini; Noel Thomson; Maru Mormina; Teresa Rito; Arne Röhl; Antonio Salas; Stephen Oppenheimer; Vincent Macaulay; Martin B. Richards (4 Jun 2009). "Supplemental Data Correcting for Purifying Selection: An Improved Human Mitochondrial Molecular Clock". The American Journal of Human Genetics. 84 (6): 82–93. doi:10.1016/j.ajhg.2009.05.001. PMC2694979. PMID 19500773.
^ abcvan Oven, Mannis; Manfred Kayser (13 Oct 2008). "Updated comprehensive phylogenetic tree of global human mitochondrial DNA variation". Human Mutation. 30 (2): E386–E394. doi:10.1002/humu.20921. PMID 18853457. S2CID 27566749.
^(PDF). 2009: 89. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2009-12-29. {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
^Silva, Marina; Alshamali, Farida; Silva, Paula; Carrilho, Carla; Mandlate, Flávio; Jesus Trovoada, Maria; Černý, Viktor; Pereira, Luísa; Soares, Pedro (2015). "60,000 years of interactions between Central and Eastern Africa documented by major African mitochondrial haplogroup L2". Sci. Rep. 5: 12526. Bibcode:2015NatSR...512526S. doi:10.1038/srep12526. PMC4515592. PMID 26211407.
^Sirak, Kendra; Frenandes, Daniel; Novak, Mario; Van Gerven, Dennis; Pinhasi, Ron (2016). "Abstract Book of the IUAES Inter-Congress 2016 - A community divided? Revealing the community genome(s) of Medieval Kulubnarti using next- generation sequencing". Abstract Book of the Iuaes Inter-Congress 2016. IUAES: 115.
^Iñigo Olalde et al. The Beaker Phenomenon And The Genomic Transformation Of Northwest Europe, 2017
^ abQuintana-Murci; et al. (2008). "Maternal traces of deep common ancestry and asymmetric gene flow between Pygmy hunter–gatherers and Bantu-speaking farmers". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 105 (5): 1596–601. Bibcode:2008PNAS..105.1596Q. doi:10.1073/pnas.0711467105. PMC2234190. PMID 18216239.
^Sarah A. Tishkoff et al. 2007, Molecular Biology and Evolution 2007 24(10):2180-2195
^Lluis Quintana-Murci et al. MtDNA diversity in Central Africa: from hunter-gathering to agriculturalism. CNRS-Institut Pasteur, Paris
^Batini, Chiara et al 2006, Phylogeography of the human mitochondrial L1c haplogroup: Genetic signatures of the prehistory of Central Africa
^Rosa, Alexandra; et al. (2004). "MtDNA profile of West Africa Guineans: towards a better understanding of the Senegambia region" (PDF). Annals of Human Genetics. 68 (4): 340–52. doi:10.1046/j.1529-8817.2004.00100.x. hdl:10400.13/3044. PMID 15225159. S2CID 15391342. Retrieved 5 June 2017.
haplogroup, human, mitochondrial, mtdna, haplogroup, most, common, central, africa, west, africa, diverged, from, about, years, emergence, associated, with, early, peopling, africa, anatomically, modern, humans, during, eemian, mostly, found, african, pygmies,. Haplogroup L1 is a human mitochondrial DNA mtDNA haplogroup It is most common in Central Africa and West Africa It diverged from L1 6 at about 140 000 years ago 140 6 33 7 33 0 kya 95 CI 3 Its emergence is associated with the early peopling of Africa by anatomically modern humans during the Eemian and it is now mostly found in African pygmies Haplogroup L1Possible time of origin107 600 174 300 YBP 1 Possible place of originCentral AfricaAncestorL1 6DescendantsL1b L1cDefining mutations3666 7055 7389 13789 14178 14560 2 Projected spatial distribution of haplogroup L1 in Africa Contents 1 Distribution 2 Phylogeny 2 1 L1c 2 2 L1b 3 See also 4 References 5 Notes 6 External linksDistribution editHaplogroup L1 is found most commonly in Central Africa and West Africa It reaches its highest frequency among the Mbenga Pygmies It is likely that it was formerly more widespread and was constrained to its current area as a result of the Bantu migration which is largely associated with haplogroup L2 4 Haplogroup L1 has been observed in specimens from the island cemetery in Kulubnarti Sudan which date from the Early Christian period AD 550 800 5 An ancient Beaker culture individual at the Camino de las Yeseras in Spain San Fernando de Henares Madrid I4245 RISE695 F has also been found to carry the L1b1a mitochondrial haplogroup 6 Phylogeny edit nbsp Interpolation maps for haplogroup L1b and L1c L1 has two branches L1c and L1b the formerly named haplogroups L1d L1k L1a L1f have been year needed re classified into haplogroup L0 as L0d L0k L0a L0f L1e as L5 L1c edit Haplogroup L1c emerged at about 85 kya It reaches its highest frequencies in West and Central Africa notably among the Mbenga Pygmy peoples see map 7 Among the Mbenga it is carried by 100 of Ba Kola 97 of Ba Benzele and 77 of Biaka 8 Other populations in which L1c is particularly prevalent include the Bedzan Tikar people 100 Baka people from Gabon 97 and Cameroon 90 9 the Bakoya 97 and the Ba Bongo 82 7 Common also in Sao Tome 20 and Angola 16 24 10 Phylogeny 2 L1c L1c1 2 4 6 L1c1 L1c1a L1c1a1 L1c1a1a L1c1a1a1 L1c1a1a1a L1c1a1a1b L1c1a1a1b1 L1c1a1a2 L1c1a1b L1c1a2 L1c1a2a L1c1a2a1 L1c1a2a2 L1c1a2b L1c1a2c L1c1b c d L1c1b L1c1c d L1c1c L1c1d L1c2 4 L1c2 L1c2a L1c2a1 L1c2a1a L1c2a1b L1c2a2 L1c2b L1c2b1 L1c2b2 L1c4 L1c4a L1c4b L1c6 L1c3 L1c3a L1c3a1 L1c3a1a L1c3b c L1c3b L1c3b1 L1c3b1a L1c3b1b L1c3b2 L1c3cL1b edit Haplogroup L1b is much more recent dated at about 10 kya It is frequent in West Africa It has also been found in Mozambique 1 Ethiopia 2 Egypt 1 the Nile Valley 4 Kung 1 Cape Verde 8 Senegal 17 20 Niger Nigeria 15 Guinea Bissau 11 Morocco 4 5 and Algeria 1 2 11 Phylogeny 2 L1b L1b1 L1b1a L1b1a1 4 L1b1a1 L1b1a4 L1b1a2 L1b1a2a 189 L1b1a3 L1b1a3a L1b1a3a1 L1b1a5 L1b1a6 L1b1b7See also edit nbsp Wikimedia Commons has media related to Haplogroup L1 mtDNA Genealogical DNA test Genetic genealogy Human mitochondrial genetics Population genetics Human mitochondrial DNA haplogroupsPhylogenetic tree of human mitochondrial DNA mtDNA haplogroups Mitochondrial Eve L L0 L1 6 L1 L2 L3 L4 L5 L6M N CZ D E G Q O A S R I W X YC Z B F R0 pre JT P UHV JT KH V J TReferences edit Soares Pedro Luca Ermini Noel Thomson Maru Mormina Teresa Rito Arne Rohl Antonio Salas Stephen Oppenheimer Vincent Macaulay Martin B Richards 4 Jun 2009 Supplemental Data Correcting for Purifying Selection An Improved Human Mitochondrial Molecular Clock The American Journal of Human Genetics 84 6 82 93 doi 10 1016 j ajhg 2009 05 001 PMC 2694979 PMID 19500773 a b c van Oven Mannis Manfred Kayser 13 Oct 2008 Updated comprehensive phylogenetic tree of global human mitochondrial DNA variation Human Mutation 30 2 E386 E394 doi 10 1002 humu 20921 PMID 18853457 S2CID 27566749 Correcting for Purifying Selection An Improved Human Mitochondrial Molecular Clock Supplementary material p 82 PDF 2009 89 Archived from the original PDF on 2009 12 29 a href Template Cite journal html title Template Cite journal cite journal a Cite journal requires journal help Silva Marina Alshamali Farida Silva Paula Carrilho Carla Mandlate Flavio Jesus Trovoada Maria Cerny Viktor Pereira Luisa Soares Pedro 2015 60 000 years of interactions between Central and Eastern Africa documented by major African mitochondrial haplogroup L2 Sci Rep 5 12526 Bibcode 2015NatSR 512526S doi 10 1038 srep12526 PMC 4515592 PMID 26211407 Sirak Kendra Frenandes Daniel Novak Mario Van Gerven Dennis Pinhasi Ron 2016 Abstract Book of the IUAES Inter Congress 2016 A community divided Revealing the community genome s of Medieval Kulubnarti using next generation sequencing Abstract Book of the Iuaes Inter Congress 2016 IUAES 115 Inigo Olalde et al The Beaker Phenomenon And The Genomic Transformation Of Northwest Europe 2017 a b Quintana Murci et al 2008 Maternal traces of deep common ancestry and asymmetric gene flow between Pygmy hunter gatherers and Bantu speaking farmers Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 105 5 1596 601 Bibcode 2008PNAS 105 1596Q doi 10 1073 pnas 0711467105 PMC 2234190 PMID 18216239 Sarah A Tishkoff et al 2007 History of Click Speaking Populations of Africa Inferred from mtDNA and Y Chromosome Genetic Variation Molecular Biology and Evolution 2007 24 10 2180 2195 Lluis Quintana Murci et al MtDNA diversity in Central Africa from hunter gathering to agriculturalism CNRS Institut Pasteur Paris Batini Chiara et al 2006 Phylogeography of the human mitochondrial L1c haplogroup Genetic signatures of the prehistory of Central Africa Rosa Alexandra et al 2004 MtDNA profile of West Africa Guineans towards a better understanding of the Senegambia region PDF Annals of Human Genetics 68 4 340 52 doi 10 1046 j 1529 8817 2004 00100 x hdl 10400 13 3044 PMID 15225159 S2CID 15391342 Retrieved 5 June 2017 Notes editExternal links editPhyloTree org mtDNA subtree L van Oven amp Kayser M 2009 Spread of Haplogroup L1 from National Geographic African Haplogroup L mtDNA Sequences Show Violations of Clock like Evolution Ian Logan s Haplogroup L1b Ian Logan s Haplogroup L1c L1 YFull MTree 1 02 00 under construction Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Haplogroup L1 amp oldid 1180170171, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
