Projected spatial frequency distribution for haplogroup L4.Schematic tree of mtDNA haplogroup L4. Ages (in ka) indicated are maximum likelihood estimates obtained for the whole-mtDNA genome.
It has two branches, L4a and L4b. Subgroup L4a was formerly called L7 and considered a separate subclade of L3'4'7. It has been recognized as a subclade of L4, with L3 as its outgroup by Behar et al. (2008).[4] The parent clade L3'4 is to have emerged at 106–66 kya.[5] L4 is not much later than this, estimated at 87 kya by Fernandes et al. (2015).[6]
Phylogenyedit
The following phylogeny is based on van Oven and Kayser (2008).[1]
L4a (formerly known as L7), mutations: 195C, 3357, 5460, 10373, 11253, 11344, 11485, 12414, 13174, 14302, 16260.
L4a1
L4a1a
L4a2
L4b, mutations: 709, 3918.
L4b1
L4b2 (formerly known as L3g or L4g)
L4b2a
L4b2a1
L4b2a2
L4b2a2a
L4b2a2b
L4b2b
Referencesedit
^ abvan Oven, Mannis; Manfred Kayser (13 Oct 2008). "Updated comprehensive phylogenetic tree of global human mitochondrial DNA variation". Human Mutation. 30 (2): E386–E394. doi:10.1002/humu.20921. PMID 18853457. S2CID 27566749.
haplogroup, human, mitochondrial, mtdna, haplogroup, small, maternal, clade, primarily, restricted, africa, possible, time, origin90, kyapossible, place, origineast, africaancestorl3, 4descendantsl4a, l4bdefining, mutations5460, 16362, projected, spatial, freq. Haplogroup L4 is a human mitochondrial DNA mtDNA haplogroup It is a small maternal clade primarily restricted to Africa 2 Haplogroup L4Possible time of origin90 80 kyaPossible place of originEast AfricaAncestorL3 4DescendantsL4a L4bDefining mutations5460 16362 1 Projected spatial frequency distribution for haplogroup L4 Schematic tree of mtDNA haplogroup L4 Ages in ka indicated are maximum likelihood estimates obtained for the whole mtDNA genome L4 is important in East Africa The highest frequencies are in Tanzania among the Hadza at 60 83 and Sandawe at 48 3 It has two branches L4a and L4b Subgroup L4a was formerly called L7 and considered a separate subclade of L3 4 7 It has been recognized as a subclade of L4 with L3 as its outgroup by Behar et al 2008 4 The parent clade L3 4 is to have emerged at 106 66 kya 5 L4 is not much later than this estimated at 87 kya by Fernandes et al 2015 6 Phylogeny editThe following phylogeny is based on van Oven and Kayser 2008 1 L3 4 L4 L4a formerly known as L7 mutations 195C 3357 5460 10373 11253 11344 11485 12414 13174 14302 16260 L4a1 L4a1a L4a2 L4b mutations 709 3918 L4b1 L4b2 formerly known as L3g or L4g L4b2a L4b2a1 L4b2a2 L4b2a2a L4b2a2b L4b2bReferences edit a b van Oven Mannis Manfred Kayser 13 Oct 2008 Updated comprehensive phylogenetic tree of global human mitochondrial DNA variation Human Mutation 30 2 E386 E394 doi 10 1002 humu 20921 PMID 18853457 S2CID 27566749 Haplogroups L4 Tishkoff S et al 2007 History of Click Speaking Populations of Africa Inferred from mtDNA and Y Chromosome Genetic Variation Molecular Biology and Evolution 2007 24 10 2180 2195 Behar M Villems R Soodyall H Blue Smith J Pereira L Metspalu E Scozzari R Makkan H Tzur S Comas D Bertranpetit J Quintana Murci L Tyler Smith C Wells R S Rosset S Genographic C May 2008 The Dawn of Human Matrilineal Diversity American Journal of Human Genetics 82 5 1130 1140 doi 10 1016 j ajhg 2008 04 002 ISSN 0002 9297 PMC 2427203 PMID 18439549 Correcting for Purifying Selection An Improved Human Mitochondrial Molecular Clock Supplementary material p 83 PDF 2009 89 Archived from the original PDF on 2009 12 29 a href Template Cite journal html title Template Cite journal cite journal a Cite journal requires journal help Fernandes V Triska P Pereira JB Alshamali F Rito T Machado A et al 2015 Genetic Stratigraphy of Key Demographic Events in Arabia PLoS ONE 10 3 e0118625 doi 10 1371 journal pone 0118625External links edit nbsp Wikimedia Commons has media related to Haplogroup L4 mtDNA General Mannis van Oven s Phylotree Haplogroup L4 Ian Logan s Haplogroup L4 Ian Logan s Haplogroup L4b YFull MTree s Haplogroup L4 MITOMAP s Haplogroup L4 Phylogenetic tree of human mitochondrial DNA mtDNA haplogroups Mitochondrial Eve L L0 L1 6 L1 L2 L3 L4 L5 L6M N CZ D E G Q O A S R I W X YC Z B F R0 pre JT P UHV JT KH V J T nbsp This genetics article is a stub You can help Wikipedia by expanding it vte Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Haplogroup L4 amp oldid 1197523449, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
