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Wikipedia

Greater Boston

January 20, 2023

Greater Boston is the metropolitan region of New England encompassing the municipality of Boston (the capital of the U.S. state of Massachusetts and the most populous city in New England) and its surrounding areas. The region forms the northern arc of the Northeast megalopolis, so Greater Boston means both a metropolitan statistical area (MSA) and a combined statistical area (CSA), which is broader. The MSA consists of most of the eastern third of Massachusetts, excluding the South Coast and Cape Cod; the CSA additionally includes the municipalities of Providence (capital of Rhode Island), Manchester (the largest city in the U.S. state of New Hampshire), Worcester (the second largest city in Massachusetts and in New England), the South Coast region, and Cape Cod. While the city of Boston covers 48.4 square miles (125 km2) and has 675,647 residents as of the 2020 census, the urbanization has extended well into surrounding areas and the CSA has a population of more than 8.4 million people, making it one of the most populous such regions in the U.S. The CSA is one of two in Massachusetts, the other being Greater Springfield. Greater Boston is the only CSA in New England that lies in three states (Massachusetts, New Hampshire, and Rhode Island); some definitions extend it into a fourth (Connecticut).

Boston Combined Statistical Area
Boston–Worcester–Providence
Metropolitan area
Boston
Coordinates: 42°21′18″N 71°03′54″W / 42.35500°N 71.06500°W / 42.35500; -71.06500Coordinates: 42°21′18″N 71°03′54″W / 42.35500°N 71.06500°W / 42.35500; -71.06500
Country United States
State(s)
Principal cities
Population
 (2020)
 • Total8,466,186 (CSA)
4,941,632 (MSA)
 • Rank
Time zoneEST
Area code(s)617, 781, 857, 339, 978, 508, 351, 774, 603, 401

Some of Greater Boston's most well-known contributions involve the region's higher education and medical institutions. Greater Boston has been influential upon American history and industry. The region and the state of Massachusetts are global leaders in biotechnology, engineering, higher education, finance, and maritime trade.[1]

As of 2020, 64% of Massachusetts' population lives in the Greater Boston metropolitan region, and 88% of Massachusetts' population lives in the Boston Combined Statistical Area.[citation needed] Greater Boston is ranked tenth in population among US metropolitan statistical areas, home to 4,941,632 people as of the 2020 United States Census, and sixth among combined statistical areas, with a population of 8,466,186. The area has hosted many people and sites significant to American culture and history, particularly American literature,[2] politics, and the American Revolution.

Plymouth was the site of the first colony in New England, founded in 1620 by the Pilgrims, passengers of the Mayflower. In 1692, the town of Salem and surrounding areas experienced one of America's most infamous cases of mass hysteria, the Salem witch trials.[3] In the late 18th century, Boston became known as the "Cradle of Liberty"[4] for the agitation there that led to the American Revolution.

The Greater Boston region has played a powerful scientific, commercial, and cultural role in the history of the United States. Before the American Civil War, the region was a center for the abolitionist, temperance,[5] and transcendentalist[6] movements.[7] In 2004, Massachusetts became the first U.S. state to legally recognize same-sex marriage as a result of the decision of the Massachusetts Supreme Judicial Court in Boston.[8] Many prominent American political dynasties have hailed from the Boston region, including the Adams and Kennedy families.

Harvard University in Cambridge is the oldest institution of higher learning in the United States,[9] with the largest financial endowment of any university,[10] and whose Law School has spawned a contemporaneous majority of United States Supreme Court Justices.[11] Kendall Square in Cambridge has been called "the most innovative square mile on the planet", in reference to the high concentration of entrepreneurial start-ups and quality of innovation which have emerged in the vicinity of the square since 2010.[12][13] Both Harvard University and the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, also in Cambridge, have been ranked among the most highly regarded academic institutions in the world.[14]

Definitions

 
Light Blue represents the area in Massachusetts known as Greater Boston, while Dark Blue represents the Metro-Boston area[specify][citation needed] and Red represents the City of Boston.

Metropolitan Area Planning Council (MAPC)

The most restrictive definition of the Greater Boston area is the region administered by the Metropolitan Area Planning Council.[15] The MAPC is a regional planning organization created by the Massachusetts legislature to oversee transportation infrastructure and economic development concerns in the Boston area. The MAPC includes 101 cities and towns that are grouped into eight subregions. These include most of the area within the region's outer circumferential highway, I-495. In 2013, the population of the MAPC district was 3.2 million, which was 48% of the total population of Massachusetts,[16] in an area of 1,422 square miles (3,680 km2),[15] of which 39% is forested and an additional 11% is water, wetland, or other open space.[17]

The eight subregions and their principal towns are: Inner Core (Boston), Minuteman (Route 2 corridor), MetroWest (Framingham), North Shore (Lynn), North Suburban (Woburn), South Shore (Route 3 corridor), SouthWest (Franklin), and Three Rivers (Norwood).

Notably excluded from the MAPC and its partner planning body, the Boston Region Metropolitan Planning Organization, are the Merrimack Valley cities of Lowell, Lawrence, and Haverhill, much of Plymouth County, and all of Bristol County; these areas have their own regional planning bodies. Bristol County is part of the Greater Boston CSA, as part of the Providence MSA.

New England City and Town Area (NECTA)

 
Cambridge and Boston; MIT and Kendall Square in the foreground, and Boston's Financial District in the background

Because New England's local governance model is organized around the smaller New England town unit, and has weak or non-existent county governments, the US Census Bureau organizes its urban regions in the New England around clusters of towns known as New England city and town areas (NECTAs) rather than around county borders as it does in the rest of the country. The set of towns containing the core urbanized area, along with surrounding towns with strong social and economic ties to the core area, is defined as the Boston–Cambridge–Nashua, MA–NH Metropolitan NECTA.[18] The Boston NECTA region is further subdivided into several NECTA divisions, which are listed below. The Boston, Framingham, and Peabody NECTA divisions together correspond roughly to the MAPC area. The total population of the Boston NECTA was 4,540,941 (as of 2000).

  • Boston–Cambridge–Newton, MA NECTA Division (92 towns)
  • Framingham, MA NECTA Division (12 towns)
  • Peabody–Salem–Beverly, MA NECTA Division (4 towns)
  • Brockton–Bridgewater–Easton, MA NECTA Division (Old Colony region) (8 towns)
  • Haverhill–Newburyport–Amesbury, MA–NH NECTA Division (Merrimack Valley region) (21 towns)
  • Lawrence–Methuen–Salem, MA–NH NECTA Division (part of Merrimack Valley region) (4 towns)
  • Lowell–Billerica–Chelmsford, MA–NH NECTA Division (Northern Middlesex region) (15 towns)
  • Nashua, NH–MA NECTA Division (21 towns)
  • Taunton–Middleborough–Norton, MA NECTA Division (part of Southeastern region) (9 towns)
  • Lynn–Saugus–Marblehead, MA NECTA Division (5 towns)

Metropolitan Statistical Area (MSA)

Historical population
Census Pop. %±
1850650,357—
1860830,99827.8%
1870978,34617.7%
18801,205,43923.2%
18901,515,68425.7%
19001,890,12224.7%
19102,260,76219.6%
19202,563,12313.4%
19302,866,56711.8%
19402,926,6502.1%
19503,186,9708.9%
19603,516,43510.3%
19703,918,09211.4%
19803,938,5850.5%
19904,133,8955.0%
20004,391,3446.2%
20104,552,4023.7%
20204,941,6328.5%
US Decennial Census

An alternative definition defined by the United States Office of Management and Budget, using counties as building blocks instead of towns, is the Boston–Cambridge–Newton, MA–NH Metropolitan Statistical Area, which is further subdivided into three metropolitan divisions. The metropolitan statistical area had a total population of 4,941,632 as of the 2020 census and is the tenth-largest in the United States. The components of the metropolitan area are listed below.

Combined Statistical Area (CSA)

A wider functional metropolitan area based on commuting patterns is also defined by the Office of Management and Budget as the Boston–Worcester–Providence combined statistical area. This area consists of the metropolitan areas of Manchester, Worcester, Providence, as well as Cape Cod, in addition to greater Boston. The total population for the extended region was estimated at 8,466,186 at the 2020 census. The following areas, along with the above MSA, are included in the combined statistical area:

Principal cities and towns

 
Winthrop, MA
Cities and towns[citation needed]

Plymouth County:

Bristol County:

Norfolk County:

Suffolk County:

Essex County:

Middlesex County:

Worcester County:

Boston metropolitan area

The Census Bureau defines the following as principal cities in the Boston NECTA[18] using criteria developed for what the Office of Management and Budget calls a Core Based Statistical Area:[19]

Largest cities and towns

Cities and towns in the Boston CSA with at least 50,000 residents:

Rank City 2000
population 		2010
population 		2014
population[20]		 % change
(2010 to 2014)
1 Boston 589,141 617,594 655,884 +6.20%
2 Worcester 172,648 181,045 183,016 +1.09%
3 Providence 173,618 178,042 179,154 +0.62%
4 Manchester 107,006 109,565 110,448 +0.81%
5 Lowell 105,167 106,519 109,945 +3.22%
6 Cambridge 101,355 105,162 109,694 +4.31%
7 New Bedford 93,768 95,072 94,845 −0.24%
8 Brockton 94,304 93,810 94,779 +1.03%
9 Quincy 88,025 92,271 93,397 +1.22%
10 Lynn 89,050 90,329 92,137 +2.00%
11 Fall River 91,938 88,857 88,712 −0.16%
12 Newton 83,829 85,146 88,287 +3.69%
13 Nashua 86,605 86,494 87,259 +0.88%
14 Warwick 85,808 82,672 81,963 −0.86%
15 Cranston 79,269 80,387 81,037 +0.81%
16 Somerville 77,478 75,754 78,901 +4.15%
17 Lawrence 72,043 76,377 78,197 +2.38%
18 Pawtucket 72,958 71,148 71,499 +0.49%
19 Framingham 66,910 68,318 70,068 +2.56%
20 Waltham 59,226 60,632 63,014 +3.93%
21 Haverhill 58,969 60,879 62,488 +2.64%
22 Malden 56,340 59,450 60,859 +2.37%
23 Brookline 57,107 58,732 59,115 +0.65%
24 Plymouth 51,701 56,468 57,463 +1.76%
25 Medford 55,765 56,173 57,437 +2.25%
26 Taunton 55,976 55,874 56,544 +1.20%
27 Weymouth 53,988 53,743 55,643 +3.54%
28 Revere 47,283 51,755 54,157 +4.64%
29 Peabody 48,129 51,251 52,376 +2.20%
30 Methuen 43,789 47,255 52,044 +10.13%

Demographics

 
St. Patrick's Day Parade in Scituate, Massachusetts, in Plymouth County, the municipality with the highest percentage identifying Irish ancestry in the United States, at 47.5% in 2010.[21] Irish Americans constitute the largest ethnicity in Greater Boston.
 
Boston's Chinatown, with its paifang gate, is home to many Chinese and also Vietnamese restaurants.
 
Boston gay pride march, held annually in June

Population density

The most densely populated census tracts in the Boston CSA (2010):[22]

Rank City or neighborhood Census tract Population Population density
/sq mi /km2
1 Fenway–Kenmore 10404 5,817 110,108 285,180
2 Fenway–Kenmore 10403 3,003 87,828 227,470
3 Fenway–Kenmore 10408 1,426 85,137 220,500
4 Beacon Hill 202 3,649 80,851 209,400
5 North End 301 1,954 66,288 171,690
6 North End 302 1,665 64,642 167,420
7 North End 304 2,451 58,435 151,350
8 Cambridge 3539 7,090 56,819 147,160
9 Back Bay 10801 2,783 56,534 146,420
10 East Boston 502 5,231 55,692 144,240

Race and ethnicity

The 40 most diverse Census tracts in the Boston CSA:[22]

The 40 census tracts in the Boston CSA with the highest percentage of residents who identify as Hispanic or Latino:[22]

Census tracts in the Boston CSA with the highest percentage of residents who identify as Black American:[22]

Census tracts in the Boston CSA with the highest percentage of residents who identify as Asian American:[22]

Census tracts in the Boston CSA with the highest percentage of residents who identify as Irish American:[23]

Census tracts in the Boston CSA with the highest percentage of residents who identify as Italian American:[24]

Census tracts in the Boston CSA with the highest percentage of residents who identify as Portuguese American:[25]

Census tracts in the Boston CSA with French or French Canadian listed as first ancestry:[26]

Other

Greater Boston has a sizable Jewish community, estimated at between 210,000 people,[27][28] and 261,000[29] or 5–6% of the Greater Boston metro population, compared with about 2% for the nation as a whole. Contrary to national trends, the number of Jews in Greater Boston has been growing, fueled by the fact that 60% of children in Jewish mixed-faith families are raised Jewish, compared with roughly one in three nationally.[27]

The City of Boston also has one of the largest LGBT populations per capita. It ranks fifth of all major cities in the country (behind San Francisco, and slightly behind Seattle, Atlanta, and Minneapolis respectively), with 12.3% of the city identifying as gay, lesbian, or bisexual.[30]

County 2021 Estimate 2020 Census Change Area Density
Middlesex County, Massachusetts 1,614,742 1,632,002 −1.06% 817.82 sq mi (2,118.1 km2) 1,974/sq mi (762/km2)
Essex County, Massachusetts 807,074 809,829 −0.34% 492.56 sq mi (1,275.7 km2) 1,639/sq mi (633/km2)
Suffolk County, Massachusetts 771,245 797,936 −3.35% 58.15 sq mi (150.6 km2) 13,263/sq mi (5,121/km2)
Norfolk County, Massachusetts 724,505 725,981 −0.20% 396.11 sq mi (1,025.9 km2) 1,829/sq mi (706/km2)
Plymouth County, Massachusetts 533,003 530,819 +0.41% 659.07 sq mi (1,707.0 km2) 809/sq mi (312/km2)
Rockingham County, New Hampshire 316,947 314,176 +0.88% 694.72 sq mi (1,799.3 km2) 456/sq mi (176/km2)
Strafford County, New Hampshire 132,416 130,889 +1.17% 368.97 sq mi (955.6 km2) 359/sq mi (139/km2)
Total 4,899,932 4,941,642 −0.84% 3,487.40 sq mi (9,032.3 km2) 1,405/sq mi (542/km2)

Higher education

See also: Boston, Massachusetts § Education; List of colleges and universities in metropolitan Boston; and List of colleges and universities in Massachusetts
 
Harvard University, a leading global university, is located in Cambridge, MA in Greater Boston

A long established center of higher education, the area includes many community colleges, two-year schools, and internationally prominent undergraduate and graduate institutions. The graduate schools include highly regarded schools of law, medicine, business, technology, international relations, public health, education, and religion. Greater Boston contains seven R1 Research Institutions as per the Carnegie Classification of Institutions of Higher Education. This is, by far, the highest number of such institutions in a single Metropolitan Statistical Area in the United States.

Selected statistics

Changes in house prices for the Greater Boston area are publicly tracked on a regular basis using the Case–Shiller index; the statistic is published by Standard & Poor's and is also a component of S&P's 10-city composite index of the value of the residential real estate market.

Major companies

References:[31][32][33][34]

Companies along, inside or outside I-495, outside Route 128

Companies along or inside I-95 (Route 128), not including Boston

Major companies inside Boston proper

Sports

Main article: Sports in Boston
Club Sport League Stadium Established League titles
Boston Bruins Ice hockey National Hockey League TD Garden (Boston) 1924 6 Stanley Cups
7 Eastern Conference Titles
Boston Cannons Lacrosse Major League Lacrosse Harvard Stadium (Boston) 2001 1 MLL Championship
Boston Celtics Basketball National Basketball Association TD Garden (Boston) 1946 17 NBA Championships
21 Eastern Conference Titles
Boston Pride Ice hockey National Women's Hockey League Bright Hockey Center (Boston) 2015 2 Isobel Cups
Boston Red Sox Baseball Major League Baseball Fenway Park (Boston) 1901 9 MLB World Series Championships
14 American League Pennants
New England Patriots Football National Football League Gillette Stadium (Foxboro) 1960 6 Super Bowl Championships
11 AFC Championships
New England Revolution Soccer Major League Soccer Gillette Stadium (Foxboro) 1995 1 US Open Cup
1 SuperLiga

Annual sporting events include:

Transportation

See also: Transportation in Boston

Interstates

U.S. Routes

State Highways

Bridges and tunnels

Airports

Rail and bus

 
The MBTA district, with Commuter Rail lines in purple

The first railway line in the United States was in Quincy. See Neponset River.

The following Regional Transit Authorities have bus service that connects with MBTA commuter rail stations:

Ocean transportation

 
The Salem Ferry, 92 ft. Catamaran is photographed approaching its dock off Blaney Street at the Salem Maritime National Historic Site in Salem, Massachusetts, United States.

Geography

Climate

Climate data for Concord Municipal Airport, New Hampshire (1991−2020 normals,[a] extremes 1868–present)[b]
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Record high °F (°C) 72
(22) 		74
(23) 		89
(32) 		95
(35) 		98
(37) 		101
(38) 		102
(39) 		101
(38) 		98
(37) 		92
(33) 		80
(27) 		73
(23) 		102
(39)
Mean maximum °F (°C) 52
(11) 		54
(12) 		66
(19) 		82
(28) 		90
(32) 		93
(34) 		94
(34) 		92
(33) 		89
(32) 		79
(26) 		69
(21) 		57
(14) 		96
(36)
Average high °F (°C) 31.6
(−0.2) 		34.8
(1.6) 		43.6
(6.4) 		57.5
(14.2) 		69.3
(20.7) 		77.8
(25.4) 		83.0
(28.3) 		81.7
(27.6) 		73.7
(23.2) 		60.9
(16.1) 		48.4
(9.1) 		37.1
(2.8) 		58.3
(14.6)
Daily mean °F (°C) 22.3
(−5.4) 		24.7
(−4.1) 		33.4
(0.8) 		45.4
(7.4) 		56.7
(13.7) 		65.8
(18.8) 		71.1
(21.7) 		69.5
(20.8) 		61.4
(16.3) 		49.3
(9.6) 		38.6
(3.7) 		28.3
(−2.1) 		47.2
(8.4)
Average low °F (°C) 12.9
(−10.6) 		14.7
(−9.6) 		23.3
(−4.8) 		33.3
(0.7) 		44.1
(6.7) 		53.7
(12.1) 		59.2
(15.1) 		57.2
(14.0) 		49.0
(9.4) 		37.8
(3.2) 		28.7
(−1.8) 		19.5
(−6.9) 		36.1
(2.3)
Mean minimum °F (°C) −9
(−23) 		−7
(−22) 		2
(−17) 		19
(−7) 		29
(−2) 		39
(4) 		47
(8) 		44
(7) 		32
(0) 		22
(−6) 		12
(−11) 		−1
(−18) 		−12
(−24)
Record low °F (°C) −35
(−37) 		−37
(−38) 		−20
(−29) 		4
(−16) 		21
(−6) 		30
(−1) 		35
(2) 		29
(−2) 		20
(−7) 		10
(−12) 		−17
(−27) 		−24
(−31) 		−37
(−38)
Average precipitation inches (mm) 2.80
(71) 		2.75
(70) 		3.28
(83) 		3.43
(87) 		3.47
(88) 		3.77
(96) 		3.62
(92) 		3.63
(92) 		3.63
(92) 		4.43
(113) 		3.44
(87) 		3.70
(94) 		41.95
(1,066)
Average snowfall inches (cm) 17.1
(43) 		16.9
(43) 		13.6
(35) 		2.5
(6.4) 		0.0
(0.0) 		0.0
(0.0) 		0.0
(0.0) 		0.0
(0.0) 		0.0
(0.0) 		0.8
(2.0) 		2.5
(6.4) 		14.3
(36) 		67.7
(172)
Average precipitation days (≥ 0.01 in) 11.2 10.0 11.5 11.4 12.4 12.8 10.9 9.9 9.3 10.6 10.8 12.0 132.8
Average snowy days (≥ 0.1 in) 8.1 7.6 5.2 1.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.2 1.6 6.3 30.3
Average relative humidity (%) 67.9 66.0 64.8 62.0 65.0 70.9 71.8 74.5 76.3 72.8 73.3 72.3 69.8
Mean monthly sunshine hours 162.8 171.8 210.5 223.2 258.4 274.3 295.8 261.9 214.7 183.4 127.8 134.8 2,519.4
Percent possible sunshine 56 58 57 56 57 60 64 61 57 54 44 48 56
Average ultraviolet index 1 2 4 5 7 8 8 7 6 3 2 1 5
Source 1: NOAA (relative humidity and sun 1961–1990)[37][38][39]
Source 2: Weather Atlas (UV)[40]
Climate data for Boston, Massachusetts (Logan Airport), 1991−2020 normals,[c] extremes 1872−present[d]
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Record high °F (°C) 74
(23) 		73
(23) 		89
(32) 		94
(34) 		97
(36) 		100
(38) 		104
(40) 		102
(39) 		102
(39) 		90
(32) 		83
(28) 		76
(24) 		104
(40)
Mean maximum °F (°C) 58.3
(14.6) 		57.9
(14.4) 		67.0
(19.4) 		79.9
(26.6) 		88.1
(31.2) 		92.2
(33.4) 		95.0
(35.0) 		93.7
(34.3) 		88.9
(31.6) 		79.6
(26.4) 		70.2
(21.2) 		61.2
(16.2) 		96.4
(35.8)
Average high °F (°C) 36.8
(2.7) 		39.0
(3.9) 		45.5
(7.5) 		56.4
(13.6) 		66.5
(19.2) 		76.2
(24.6) 		82.1
(27.8) 		80.4
(26.9) 		73.1
(22.8) 		62.1
(16.7) 		51.6
(10.9) 		42.2
(5.7) 		59.3
(15.2)
Daily mean °F (°C) 29.9
(−1.2) 		31.8
(−0.1) 		38.3
(3.5) 		48.6
(9.2) 		58.4
(14.7) 		68.0
(20.0) 		74.1
(23.4) 		72.7
(22.6) 		65.6
(18.7) 		54.8
(12.7) 		44.7
(7.1) 		35.7
(2.1) 		51.9
(11.1)
Average low °F (°C) 23.1
(−4.9) 		24.6
(−4.1) 		31.1
(−0.5) 		40.8
(4.9) 		50.3
(10.2) 		59.7
(15.4) 		66.0
(18.9) 		65.1
(18.4) 		58.2
(14.6) 		47.5
(8.6) 		37.9
(3.3) 		29.2
(−1.6) 		44.5
(6.9)
Mean minimum °F (°C) 4.8
(−15.1) 		8.3
(−13.2) 		15.6
(−9.1) 		31.0
(−0.6) 		41.2
(5.1) 		49.7
(9.8) 		58.6
(14.8) 		57.7
(14.3) 		46.7
(8.2) 		35.1
(1.7) 		24.4
(−4.2) 		13.1
(−10.5) 		2.6
(−16.3)
Record low °F (°C) −13
(−25) 		−18
(−28) 		−8
(−22) 		11
(−12) 		31
(−1) 		41
(5) 		50
(10) 		46
(8) 		34
(1) 		25
(−4) 		−2
(−19) 		−17
(−27) 		−18
(−28)
Average precipitation inches (mm) 3.39
(86) 		3.21
(82) 		4.17
(106) 		3.63
(92) 		3.25
(83) 		3.89
(99) 		3.27
(83) 		3.23
(82) 		3.56
(90) 		4.03
(102) 		3.66
(93) 		4.30
(109) 		43.59
(1,107)
Average snowfall inches (cm) 14.3
(36) 		14.4
(37) 		9.0
(23) 		1.6
(4.1) 		0.0
(0.0) 		0.0
(0.0) 		0.0
(0.0) 		0.0
(0.0) 		0.0
(0.0) 		0.2
(0.51) 		0.7
(1.8) 		9.0
(23) 		49.2
(125)
Average precipitation days (≥ 0.01 in) 11.8 10.6 11.6 11.6 11.8 10.9 9.4 9.0 9.0 10.5 10.3 11.9 128.4
Average snowy days (≥ 0.1 in) 6.6 6.2 4.4 0.8 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.2 0.6 4.2 23.0
Average relative humidity (%) 62.3 62.0 63.1 63.0 66.7 68.5 68.4 70.8 71.8 68.5 67.5 65.4 66.5
Average dew point °F (°C) 16.5
(−8.6) 		17.6
(−8.0) 		25.2
(−3.8) 		33.6
(0.9) 		45.0
(7.2) 		55.2
(12.9) 		61.0
(16.1) 		60.4
(15.8) 		53.8
(12.1) 		42.8
(6.0) 		33.4
(0.8) 		22.1
(−5.5) 		38.9
(3.8)
Mean monthly sunshine hours 163.4 168.4 213.7 227.2 267.3 286.5 300.9 277.3 237.1 206.3 143.2 142.3 2,633.6
Percent possible sunshine 56 57 58 57 59 63 65 64 63 60 49 50 59
Average ultraviolet index 1 2 4 5 7 8 8 8 6 4 2 1 5
Source 1: NOAA (relative humidity, dew point and sun 1961−1990)[42][43][44]
Source 2: Weather Atlas (UV)[45]
Climate data for Boston, Massachusetts
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Average sea temperature °F (°C) 41.3
(5.2) 		38.1
(3.4) 		38.4
(3.5) 		43.1
(6.2) 		49.2
(9.5) 		58.4
(14.7) 		65.7
(18.7) 		67.9
(20.0) 		64.8
(18.2) 		59.4
(15.3) 		52.3
(11.3) 		46.6
(8.2) 		52.1
(11.2)
Source: Weather Atlas[45]
Climate data for Providence, Rhode Island (T. F. Green Airport), 1991–2020 normals,[e] extremes 1904–present[f]
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Record high °F (°C) 70
(21) 		72
(22) 		90
(32) 		98
(37) 		96
(36) 		98
(37) 		102
(39) 		104
(40) 		100
(38) 		88
(31) 		81
(27) 		77
(25) 		104
(40)
Mean maximum °F (°C) 59
(15) 		58
(14) 		67
(19) 		79
(26) 		87
(31) 		92
(33) 		95
(35) 		93
(34) 		88
(31) 		79
(26) 		70
(21) 		62
(17) 		97
(36)
Average high °F (°C) 38.3
(3.5) 		40.5
(4.7) 		47.7
(8.7) 		58.9
(14.9) 		68.9
(20.5) 		77.7
(25.4) 		83.6
(28.7) 		82.2
(27.9) 		74.8
(23.8) 		63.8
(17.7) 		53.2
(11.8) 		43.4
(6.3) 		61.1
(16.2)
Daily mean °F (°C) 30.2
(−1.0) 		32.0
(0.0) 		38.9
(3.8) 		49.3
(9.6) 		59.1
(15.1) 		68.2
(20.1) 		74.4
(23.6) 		73.0
(22.8) 		65.6
(18.7) 		54.4
(12.4) 		44.5
(6.9) 		35.5
(1.9) 		52.1
(11.2)
Average low °F (°C) 22.1
(−5.5) 		23.5
(−4.7) 		30.2
(−1.0) 		39.6
(4.2) 		49.2
(9.6) 		58.8
(14.9) 		65.2
(18.4) 		63.9
(17.7) 		56.5
(13.6) 		45.1
(7.3) 		35.8
(2.1) 		27.6
(−2.4) 		43.1
(6.2)
Mean minimum °F (°C) 4
(−16) 		7
(−14) 		15
(−9) 		29
(−2) 		38
(3) 		47
(8) 		56
(13) 		54
(12) 		43
(6) 		32
(0) 		22
(−6) 		12
(−11) 		2
(−17)
Record low °F (°C) −13
(−25) 		−17
(−27) 		1
(−17) 		11
(−12) 		29
(−2) 		39
(4) 		48
(9) 		40
(4) 		32
(0) 		20
(−7) 		6
(−14) 		−12
(−24) 		−17
(−27)
Average precipitation inches (mm) 3.96
(101) 		3.44
(87) 		4.90
(124) 		4.29
(109) 		3.37
(86) 		3.81
(97) 		2.91
(74) 		3.59
(91) 		4.17
(106) 		4.18
(106) 		4.27
(108) 		4.65
(118) 		47.54
(1,208)
Average snowfall inches (cm) 10.3
(26) 		10.5
(27) 		6.4
(16) 		0.6
(1.5) 		0.0
(0.0) 		0.0
(0.0) 		0.0
(0.0) 		0.0
(0.0) 		0.0
(0.0) 		0.2
(0.51) 		1.0
(2.5) 		7.6
(19) 		36.6
(93)
Average precipitation days (≥ 0.01 in) 11.2 10.3 11.6 11.7 12.2 10.8 9.3 9.1 9.1 10.2 9.6 11.9 127.0
Average snowy days (≥ 0.1 in) 5.7 5.4 3.7 0.4 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.6 3.4 19.3
Average relative humidity (%) 63.9 63.0 62.9 61.4 66.6 70.1 71.0 72.5 73.0 70.2 68.9 67.0 67.5
Average dew point °F (°C) 16.3
(−8.7) 		17.4
(−8.1) 		25.0
(−3.9) 		33.1
(0.6) 		45.0
(7.2) 		55.6
(13.1) 		61.5
(16.4) 		61.0
(16.1) 		53.8
(12.1) 		42.6
(5.9) 		33.3
(0.7) 		22.1
(−5.5) 		38.9
(3.8)
Mean monthly sunshine hours 171.7 172.6 215.6 225.1 254.9 274.1 290.6 262.8 233.0 208.7 148.0 148.6 2,605.7
Percent possible sunshine 58 58 58 56 57 60 63 61 62 61 50 52 58
Average ultraviolet index 1 2 4 6 7 8 8 8 6 4 2 1 5
Source 1: NOAA (relative humidity, dew point, and sun 1961–1990)[47][48][49]
Source 2: Weather Atlas [50]
Climate data for Providence
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Average sea temperature °F (°C) 41.4
(5.2) 		38.1
(3.4) 		38.7
(3.8) 		44.1
(6.7) 		50.9
(10.5) 		59.6
(15.3) 		67.0
(19.4) 		69.3
(20.7) 		66.7
(19.3) 		61.6
(16.4) 		54.2
(12.3) 		47.7
(8.8) 		53.3
(11.8)
Source: Weather Atlas [50]


See also

Notes

  1. ^ Mean monthly maxima and minima (i.e. the expected highest and lowest temperature readings at any point during the year or given month) calculated based on data at said location from 1991 to 2020.
  2. ^ Official records for Concord were kept at downtown from September 1868 to April 1941 and at Concord Municipal Airport since May 1941; snow records date from December 1942. For more information, see ThreadEx
  3. ^ Mean monthly maxima and minima (i.e. the expected highest and lowest temperature readings at any point during the year or given month) calculated based on data at said location from 1991 to 2020.
  4. ^ Official records for Boston were kept at downtown from January 1872 to December 1935, and at Logan Airport (KBOS) since January 1936.[41]
  5. ^ Mean monthly maxima and minima (i.e. the expected highest and lowest temperature readings at any point during the year or given month) calculated based on data at said location from 1991 to 2020.
  6. ^ Official records for Providence kept at downtown from November 1904 to May 1932 and at T. F. Green Airport since June 1932.[46]

References

  1. ^ "Housing and Economic Development:Key Industries". mass.gov. Retrieved May 9, 2016.
  2. ^ Will Joyner (9 April 1999). "Where Literary Legends Took Shape Around Boston". The New York Times. Retrieved May 9, 2016.
  3. ^ "The 1692 Salem Witch Trials". SalemWitchTrialsMuseum.com. Retrieved May 9, 2016.
  4. ^ "Faneuil Hall". Celebrateboston.com. Retrieved April 21, 2015.
  5. ^ "The Temperance Issue in the Election of 1840: Massachusetts". Teachushistory.org. Retrieved May 9, 2016.
  6. ^ Packer, Barbara (2007). The Transcendentalists. University of Georgia Press; First edition (April 25, 2007). ISBN 978-0820329581.
  7. ^ "Images of the Antislavery Movement in Massachusetts". Masshist.org. Retrieved May 9, 2016.
  8. ^ "Massachusetts court strikes down ban on same-sex marriage". Reuters. November 18, 2003. Retrieved April 21, 2015.
  9. ^ "History of Harvard University". Harvard University. Retrieved April 21, 2015.
  10. ^ Tamar Lewin (January 28, 2015). "Harvard's Endowment Remains Biggest of All". The New York Times. Retrieved May 9, 2016.
  11. ^ Richard Wolf (March 16, 2016). "Meet Merrick Garland, Obama's Supreme Court nominee". USA Today. Retrieved May 9, 2016.
  12. ^ "Kendall Square Initiative". MIT. Retrieved December 1, 2016.
  13. ^ Lelund Cheung. "When a neighborhood is crowned the most innovative square mile in the world, how do you keep it that way?". Boston Globe Media Partners, LLC. Retrieved December 1, 2016.
  14. ^ "World Reputation Rankings". www.timeshighereducation.com. 21 April 2016. Retrieved May 9, 2016.
  15. ^ a b . Metropolitan Area Planning Council. Archived from the original on 2007-02-21. Retrieved 2007-05-14.
  16. ^ (PDF). Metropolitan Area Planning Council. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2016-10-11. Retrieved 2017-04-22.
  17. ^ . Boston Region Metropolitan Planning Organization. 2009. Archived from the original on August 29, 2008. Retrieved 2009-09-27.
  18. ^ a b "Principal cities of New England city and town areas (NECTAs)" (XLS spreadsheet). U.S. Census Bureau. Retrieved April 26, 2015.
  19. ^ "Standards for Defining Metropolitan and Micropolitan Statistical Areas" (PDF). Office of Management and Budget. December 27, 2000. Retrieved September 14, 2009.
  20. ^ . U.S. Census Bureau. Archived from the original on 2016-01-19. Retrieved September 19, 2014.
  21. ^ Jane Walsh (November 25, 2015). "The most Irish town in America is named using US census data". Irish Central. Retrieved May 8, 2016.
  22. ^ a b c d e "Mapping the 2010 U.S. Census". The New York Times. 13 December 2010.
  23. ^ "Irish as First Ancestry Population Percentage Rank of Census Tract within 100 miles of Zip Code 02176". Usa.com. Retrieved 4 January 2015.
  24. ^ "Italian as First Ancestry Population Percentage Rank of Census Tract within 100 miles of Zip Code 02176". Usa.com. Retrieved 4 January 2015.
  25. ^ "Archived copy". www.usa.com. Archived from the original on 1 October 2014. Retrieved 2 February 2022.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  26. ^ "French as First Ancestry Population Percentage Rank of Census Tract within 100 miles of Zip Code 02176". Usa.com. Retrieved 4 January 2015.
  27. ^ a b Michael Paulson (2006-11-10). "Jewish population in region rises". The Boston Globe. Retrieved 2009-11-29.
  28. ^ . adherents.com. Archived from the original on December 6, 1999. Retrieved 2009-11-29.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unfit URL (link)
  29. ^ "Metro Area Membership Report". The Association of Religion Data Archives. Retrieved 2009-11-29.
  30. ^ "12.9% in Seattle are gay or bisexual, second only to S.F., study says". The Seattle Times. The Seattle Times Company. 2006. Retrieved 2009-05-01.
  31. ^ . The Boston Globe. 2010-01-19. Archived from the original on May 22, 2009.
  32. ^ [1] March 10, 2009, at the Wayback Machine
  33. ^ "Top Companies in Massachusetts on the Inc. 5000 - Inc.com". Inc.com. Retrieved 4 January 2015.
  34. ^ [2] October 10, 2007, at the Wayback Machine
  35. ^ . News.vistaprint.com. Archived from the original on 18 October 2014. Retrieved 4 January 2015.
  36. ^ Goodison, Donna (20 July 2016). "Wolverine strides into Waltham". Boston Herald. Retrieved 17 May 2022.
  37. ^ "NowData - NOAA Online Weather Data". National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Retrieved May 18, 2021.
  38. ^ "Station: CONCORD MUNI AP, NH". U.S. Climate Normals 2020: U.S. Monthly Climate Normals (1991-2020). National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Retrieved May 18, 2021.
  39. ^ "WMO Climate Normals for CONCORD MUNICIPAL AP, NH 1961–1990". National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Retrieved March 11, 2014.
  40. ^ "Concord, New Hampshire, USA - Monthly weather forecast and Climate data". Weather Atlas. Retrieved July 4, 2019.
  41. ^ ThreadEx
  42. ^ "Summary of Monthly Normals 1991–2020". National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Retrieved May 4, 2021.
  43. ^ "NowData - NOAA Online Weather Data". National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Retrieved May 24, 2021.
  44. ^ "WMO Climate Normals for BOSTON/LOGAN INT'L AIRPORT, MA 1961–1990". National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Retrieved July 18, 2020.
  45. ^ a b "Boston, Massachusetts, USA - Monthly weather forecast and Climate data". Weather Atlas. Retrieved July 4, 2019.
  46. ^ ThreadEx
  47. ^ "NowData – NOAA Online Weather Data". National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Retrieved May 30, 2021.
  48. ^ "Station: Providence T F Green AP, RI". U.S. Climate Normals 2020: U.S. Monthly Climate Normals (1991-2020). National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Retrieved May 30, 2021.
  49. ^ "WMO Climate Normals for PROVIDENCE/GREEN STATE, RI 1961–1990". National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Retrieved September 17, 2020.
  50. ^ a b "Providence, Rhode Island, USA - Monthly weather forecast and Climate data". Weather Atlas. Retrieved July 4, 2019.

Further reading

 
Wikivoyage has a travel guide for Greater Boston.
  • Wilson, Susan (2005). The Literary Trail of Greater Boston: A Tour of Sites in Boston, Cambridge, and Concord, Revised Edition. Commonwealth Editions. ISBN 1-889833-67-3. An informative guidebook, with facts and data about literary figures, publishers, bookstores, libraries, and other historic sites on the newly designated Literary Trail of Greater Boston.
  • Warner, Sam, Jr. (2001). Greater Boston: Adapting Regional Traditions to the Present. University of Pennsylvania Press. ISBN 0-8122-1769-1.

January 20, 2023
greater, boston, metropolitan, region, england, encompassing, municipality, boston, capital, state, massachusetts, most, populous, city, england, surrounding, areas, region, forms, northern, northeast, megalopolis, means, both, metropolitan, statistical, area,. Greater Boston is the metropolitan region of New England encompassing the municipality of Boston the capital of the U S state of Massachusetts and the most populous city in New England and its surrounding areas The region forms the northern arc of the Northeast megalopolis so Greater Boston means both a metropolitan statistical area MSA and a combined statistical area CSA which is broader The MSA consists of most of the eastern third of Massachusetts excluding the South Coast and Cape Cod the CSA additionally includes the municipalities of Providence capital of Rhode Island Manchester the largest city in the U S state of New Hampshire Worcester the second largest city in Massachusetts and in New England the South Coast region and Cape Cod While the city of Boston covers 48 4 square miles 125 km2 and has 675 647 residents as of the 2020 census the urbanization has extended well into surrounding areas and the CSA has a population of more than 8 4 million people making it one of the most populous such regions in the U S The CSA is one of two in Massachusetts the other being Greater Springfield Greater Boston is the only CSA in New England that lies in three states Massachusetts New Hampshire and Rhode Island some definitions extend it into a fourth Connecticut Boston Combined Statistical Area Boston Worcester ProvidenceMetropolitan areaBostonCoordinates 42 21 18 N 71 03 54 W 42 35500 N 71 06500 W 42 35500 71 06500 Coordinates 42 21 18 N 71 03 54 W 42 35500 N 71 06500 W 42 35500 71 06500Country United StatesState s Massachusetts MA Rhode Island RI New Hampshire NH Connecticut CT Principal cities Boston Worcester Providence Lowell Cambridge Quincy Manchester ConcordPopulation 2020 Total8 466 186 CSA 4 941 632 MSA RankRanked 6th in the US for Combined Statistical AreasRanked 10th in the US for Metropolitan Statistical AreasTime zoneESTArea code s 617 781 857 339 978 508 351 774 603 401Some of Greater Boston s most well known contributions involve the region s higher education and medical institutions Greater Boston has been influential upon American history and industry The region and the state of Massachusetts are global leaders in biotechnology engineering higher education finance and maritime trade 1 As of 2020 64 of Massachusetts population lives in the Greater Boston metropolitan region and 88 of Massachusetts population lives in the Boston Combined Statistical Area citation needed Greater Boston is ranked tenth in population among US metropolitan statistical areas home to 4 941 632 people as of the 2020 United States Census and sixth among combined statistical areas with a population of 8 466 186 The area has hosted many people and sites significant to American culture and history particularly American literature 2 politics and the American Revolution Plymouth was the site of the first colony in New England founded in 1620 by the Pilgrims passengers of the Mayflower In 1692 the town of Salem and surrounding areas experienced one of America s most infamous cases of mass hysteria the Salem witch trials 3 In the late 18th century Boston became known as the Cradle of Liberty 4 for the agitation there that led to the American Revolution The Greater Boston region has played a powerful scientific commercial and cultural role in the history of the United States Before the American Civil War the region was a center for the abolitionist temperance 5 and transcendentalist 6 movements 7 In 2004 Massachusetts became the first U S state to legally recognize same sex marriage as a result of the decision of the Massachusetts Supreme Judicial Court in Boston 8 Many prominent American political dynasties have hailed from the Boston region including the Adams and Kennedy families Harvard University in Cambridge is the oldest institution of higher learning in the United States 9 with the largest financial endowment of any university 10 and whose Law School has spawned a contemporaneous majority of United States Supreme Court Justices 11 Kendall Square in Cambridge has been called the most innovative square mile on the planet in reference to the high concentration of entrepreneurial start ups and quality of innovation which have emerged in the vicinity of the square since 2010 12 13 Both Harvard University and the Massachusetts Institute of Technology also in Cambridge have been ranked among the most highly regarded academic institutions in the world 14 Contents 1 Definitions 1 1 Metropolitan Area Planning Council MAPC 1 2 New England City and Town Area NECTA 1 3 Metropolitan Statistical Area MSA 1 4 Combined Statistical Area CSA 2 Principal cities and towns 2 1 Boston metropolitan area 2 2 Largest cities and towns 3 Demographics 3 1 Population density 3 2 Race and ethnicity 3 3 Other 4 Higher education 5 Selected statistics 6 Major companies 6 1 Companies along inside or outside I 495 outside Route 128 6 2 Companies along or inside I 95 Route 128 not including Boston 6 3 Major companies inside Boston proper 7 Sports 8 Transportation 8 1 Interstates 8 2 U S Routes 8 3 State Highways 8 4 Bridges and tunnels 8 5 Airports 8 6 Rail and bus 8 7 Ocean transportation 9 Geography 9 1 Climate 10 See also 11 Notes 12 References 13 Further readingDefinitions EditThis section needs to be updated Please help update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information Last update population figures August 2012 Light Blue represents the area in Massachusetts known as Greater Boston while Dark Blue represents the Metro Boston area specify citation needed and Red represents the City of Boston Metropolitan Area Planning Council MAPC Edit The most restrictive definition of the Greater Boston area is the region administered by the Metropolitan Area Planning Council 15 The MAPC is a regional planning organization created by the Massachusetts legislature to oversee transportation infrastructure and economic development concerns in the Boston area The MAPC includes 101 cities and towns that are grouped into eight subregions These include most of the area within the region s outer circumferential highway I 495 In 2013 the population of the MAPC district was 3 2 million which was 48 of the total population of Massachusetts 16 in an area of 1 422 square miles 3 680 km2 15 of which 39 is forested and an additional 11 is water wetland or other open space 17 The eight subregions and their principal towns are Inner Core Boston Minuteman Route 2 corridor MetroWest Framingham North Shore Lynn North Suburban Woburn South Shore Route 3 corridor SouthWest Franklin and Three Rivers Norwood Notably excluded from the MAPC and its partner planning body the Boston Region Metropolitan Planning Organization are the Merrimack Valley cities of Lowell Lawrence and Haverhill much of Plymouth County and all of Bristol County these areas have their own regional planning bodies Bristol County is part of the Greater Boston CSA as part of the Providence MSA New England City and Town Area NECTA Edit Cambridge and Boston MIT and Kendall Square in the foreground and Boston s Financial District in the background Because New England s local governance model is organized around the smaller New England town unit and has weak or non existent county governments the US Census Bureau organizes its urban regions in the New England around clusters of towns known as New England city and town areas NECTAs rather than around county borders as it does in the rest of the country The set of towns containing the core urbanized area along with surrounding towns with strong social and economic ties to the core area is defined as the Boston Cambridge Nashua MA NH Metropolitan NECTA 18 The Boston NECTA region is further subdivided into several NECTA divisions which are listed below The Boston Framingham and Peabody NECTA divisions together correspond roughly to the MAPC area The total population of the Boston NECTA was 4 540 941 as of 2000 update Boston Cambridge Newton MA NECTA Division 92 towns Framingham MA NECTA Division 12 towns Peabody Salem Beverly MA NECTA Division 4 towns Brockton Bridgewater Easton MA NECTA Division Old Colony region 8 towns Haverhill Newburyport Amesbury MA NH NECTA Division Merrimack Valley region 21 towns Lawrence Methuen Salem MA NH NECTA Division part of Merrimack Valley region 4 towns Lowell Billerica Chelmsford MA NH NECTA Division Northern Middlesex region 15 towns Nashua NH MA NECTA Division 21 towns Taunton Middleborough Norton MA NECTA Division part of Southeastern region 9 towns Lynn Saugus Marblehead MA NECTA Division 5 towns Metropolitan Statistical Area MSA Edit Historical populationCensus Pop 1850650 357 1860830 99827 8 1870978 34617 7 18801 205 43923 2 18901 515 68425 7 19001 890 12224 7 19102 260 76219 6 19202 563 12313 4 19302 866 56711 8 19402 926 6502 1 19503 186 9708 9 19603 516 43510 3 19703 918 09211 4 19803 938 5850 5 19904 133 8955 0 20004 391 3446 2 20104 552 4023 7 20204 941 6328 5 US Decennial CensusAn alternative definition defined by the United States Office of Management and Budget using counties as building blocks instead of towns is the Boston Cambridge Newton MA NH Metropolitan Statistical Area which is further subdivided into three metropolitan divisions The metropolitan statistical area had a total population of 4 941 632 as of the 2020 census and is the tenth largest in the United States The components of the metropolitan area are listed below Boston Cambridge Newton MA NH Metropolitan Statistical Area Boston MA Metropolitan Division Norfolk County Massachusetts Plymouth County Massachusetts Suffolk County Massachusetts Cambridge Newton Framingham MA Metropolitan Division Essex County Massachusetts Middlesex County Massachusetts Rockingham County Strafford County NH Metropolitan Division Rockingham County New Hampshire Strafford County New HampshireCombined Statistical Area CSA Edit A wider functional metropolitan area based on commuting patterns is also defined by the Office of Management and Budget as the Boston Worcester Providence combined statistical area This area consists of the metropolitan areas of Manchester Worcester Providence as well as Cape Cod in addition to greater Boston The total population for the extended region was estimated at 8 466 186 at the 2020 census The following areas along with the above MSA are included in the combined statistical area Downtown Providence Rhode Island 2008Providence Warwick RI MA Metropolitan Statistical Area Bristol County Massachusetts Bristol County Rhode Island Kent County Rhode Island Newport County Rhode Island Providence County Rhode Island Washington County Rhode Island Worcester MA CT Metropolitan Statistical Area Worcester County Massachusetts Windham County Connecticut Manchester Nashua NH Metropolitan Statistical Area Hillsborough County New Hampshire Barnstable Town MA Metropolitan Statistical Area Barnstable County Massachusetts Concord NH Micropolitan Statistical Area Merrimack County New Hampshire Laconia NH Micropolitan Statistical Area Belknap County New HampshirePrincipal cities and towns Edit Winthrop MA Cities and towns citation needed Plymouth County Abington Bridgewater Brockton Carver Duxbury East Bridgewater Halifax Hanover Hanson Hingham Hull Kingston Lakeville Marshfield Middleborough Norwell Pembroke Plymouth Plympton Rochester Rockland Scituate West Bridgewater Whitman Bristol County Attleboro Berkley Dighton Easton Freetown Mansfield North Attleborough Norton Raynham Rehoboth Seekonk Taunton Norfolk County Avon Bellingham Braintree Brookline Canton Cohasset Dedham Dover Franklin Foxborough Holbrook Medfield Medway Millis Milton Needham Norfolk Norwood Plainville Quincy Randolph Sharon Stoughton Walpole Wellesley Westwood Weymouth Wrentham Suffolk County Boston Chelsea Revere Winthrop Essex County Amesbury Andover Beverly Boxford Danvers Essex Georgetown Gloucester Groveland Hamilton Haverhill Ipswich Lawrence Lynn Lynnfield Manchester by the Sea Marblehead Merrimac Methuen Middleton Nahant Newbury Newburyport North Andover Peabody Rockport Rowley Salem Salisbury Saugus Swampscott Topsfield Wenham West Newbury Middlesex County Acton Arlington Ashland Ayer Bedford Belmont Billerica Boxborough Burlington Cambridge Carlisle Chelmsford Concord Dracut Dunstable Everett Framingham Groton Holliston Hopkinton Hudson Lexington Lincoln Littleton Lowell Malden Marlborough Maynard Medford Melrose Natick Newton North Reading Pepperell Reading Sherborn Shirley Somerville Stoneham Stow Sudbury Tewksbury Tyngsborough Wakefield Waltham Watertown Wayland Westford Weston Wilmington Winchester Woburn Worcester County Berlin Blackstone Bolton Boylston Clinton Grafton Harvard Hopedale Lancaster Mendon Milford Millville Northborough Northbridge Shrewsbury Southborough Upton Uxbridge Westborough Worcester Boston metropolitan area Edit The Census Bureau defines the following as principal cities in the Boston NECTA 18 using criteria developed for what the Office of Management and Budget calls a Core Based Statistical Area 19 Kendall Square in Cambridge MABoston Cambridge Lowell Providence Quincy WorcesterLargest cities and towns Edit Cities and towns in the Boston CSA with at least 50 000 residents Rank City 2000population 2010population 2014population 20 change 2010 to 2014 1 Boston 589 141 617 594 655 884 6 20 2 Worcester 172 648 181 045 183 016 1 09 3 Providence 173 618 178 042 179 154 0 62 4 Manchester 107 006 109 565 110 448 0 81 5 Lowell 105 167 106 519 109 945 3 22 6 Cambridge 101 355 105 162 109 694 4 31 7 New Bedford 93 768 95 072 94 845 0 24 8 Brockton 94 304 93 810 94 779 1 03 9 Quincy 88 025 92 271 93 397 1 22 10 Lynn 89 050 90 329 92 137 2 00 11 Fall River 91 938 88 857 88 712 0 16 12 Newton 83 829 85 146 88 287 3 69 13 Nashua 86 605 86 494 87 259 0 88 14 Warwick 85 808 82 672 81 963 0 86 15 Cranston 79 269 80 387 81 037 0 81 16 Somerville 77 478 75 754 78 901 4 15 17 Lawrence 72 043 76 377 78 197 2 38 18 Pawtucket 72 958 71 148 71 499 0 49 19 Framingham 66 910 68 318 70 068 2 56 20 Waltham 59 226 60 632 63 014 3 93 21 Haverhill 58 969 60 879 62 488 2 64 22 Malden 56 340 59 450 60 859 2 37 23 Brookline 57 107 58 732 59 115 0 65 24 Plymouth 51 701 56 468 57 463 1 76 25 Medford 55 765 56 173 57 437 2 25 26 Taunton 55 976 55 874 56 544 1 20 27 Weymouth 53 988 53 743 55 643 3 54 28 Revere 47 283 51 755 54 157 4 64 29 Peabody 48 129 51 251 52 376 2 20 30 Methuen 43 789 47 255 52 044 10 13 Demographics Edit St Patrick s Day Parade in Scituate Massachusetts in Plymouth County the municipality with the highest percentage identifying Irish ancestry in the United States at 47 5 in 2010 21 Irish Americans constitute the largest ethnicity in Greater Boston Boston s Chinatown with its paifang gate is home to many Chinese and also Vietnamese restaurants Boston gay pride march held annually in June Population density Edit The most densely populated census tracts in the Boston CSA 2010 22 Rank City or neighborhood Census tract Population Population density sq mi km21 Fenway Kenmore 10404 5 817 110 108 285 1802 Fenway Kenmore 10403 3 003 87 828 227 4703 Fenway Kenmore 10408 1 426 85 137 220 5004 Beacon Hill 202 3 649 80 851 209 4005 North End 301 1 954 66 288 171 6906 North End 302 1 665 64 642 167 4207 North End 304 2 451 58 435 151 3508 Cambridge 3539 7 090 56 819 147 1609 Back Bay 10801 2 783 56 534 146 42010 East Boston 502 5 231 55 692 144 240Race and ethnicity Edit The 40 most diverse Census tracts in the Boston CSA 22 Rank City or neighborhood Census tract Population White Black Hispanic Asian multiracial or other1 Dorchester 916 3 138 12 32 15 26 142 Pawtucket 161 4 607 28 24 28 1 183 Pawtucket 151 4 472 24 24 29 1 234 Pawtucket 164 4 938 29 26 21 2 205 Dorchester 912 3 234 30 24 22 6 186 Dorchester 92101 6 451 30 22 11 31 67 Brockton 5115 4 308 21 32 13 2 328 Brockton 511 3 040 28 33 15 1 249 New Bedford 6519 1 942 26 11 33 1 2910 Mission Hill 80801 3 885 32 20 35 10 211 Pawtucket 154 2 258 35 20 35 0 1112 Brockton 5114 3 716 24 36 14 2 2313 Brockton 5109 2 531 24 36 16 1 2414 Brockton 5103 3 798 23 38 15 2 2415 Brockton 5104 3 706 19 38 15 2 2516 Dorchester 90901 3 730 38 18 21 20 417 Worcester 733 3 762 38 10 37 12 418 Providence 26 3 098 23 22 39 10 619 Malden 3415 4 780 39 23 14 19 520 Cambridge 3524 2 126 27 39 16 12 521 South End 71202 3 131 39 19 24 15 322 Brockton 511301 5 334 39 31 11 2 1723 Providence 15 2 994 28 13 41 14 424 South Boston 61 3 098 41 15 29 11 425 Lynn 2072 2 939 30 12 42 13 226 Cambridge 3549 6 058 35 30 9 20 527 South Boston 61101 2 232 20 21 42 14 228 Brockton 5116 7 211 42 29 10 2 1629 Roxbury 801 3 350 15 43 28 1 1130 Lowell 3114 5 986 44 11 14 26 531 Brockton 5108 6 339 18 44 12 2 2232 Mission Hill 81001 4 890 45 14 19 19 233 Malden 3418 6 554 46 20 13 16 534 South Boston 607 1 893 19 20 46 10 535 Brockton 5107 5 656 46 31 8 4 1136 Brockton 5112 4 849 47 26 11 1 1337 Somerville 351404 4 289 47 7 22 13 1138 Lynn 2071 3 513 18 11 48 19 339 Framingham 383101 4 923 23 10 48 1 1840 Mission Hill 811 4 091 48 21 15 13 2The 40 census tracts in the Boston CSA with the highest percentage of residents who identify as Hispanic or Latino 22 Rank City or Neighborhood Census Tract Population Hispanic or Latino1 Lawrence 2525 3 810 942 Lawrence 2509 2 193 933 Lawrence 2504 3 858 904 Lawrence 2503 2 101 895 Lawrence 2513 3 721 896 Lawrence 2512 1 356 867 Lawrence 2507 4 756 868 Lawrence 251 1 782 859 Chelsea 1602 4 043 8310 Lawrence 2506 5 599 8311 Lawrence 2514 5 053 7712 Chelsea 160101 7 551 7613 Lawrence 2501 2 329 7514 Lawrence 2516 5 977 7415 Lawrence 2511 2 937 7316 Lawrence 2502 5 524 7217 Chelsea 1604 2 716 7118 Chelsea 160501 5 604 7119 Providence 16 8 540 7020 Lawrence 2515 6 149 7021 Worcester 732001 3 327 6722 East Boston 506 2 063 6723 East Boston 502 5 231 6624 East Boston 507 4 504 6525 East Boston 50901 4 165 6526 Providence 2 6 452 6427 Providence 4 3 761 6428 Providence 14 6 693 6329 Providence 5 3 040 6330 Central Falls 11 5 534 6331 Lawrence 2508 6 932 6332 Chelsea 160502 4 460 6233 Methuen 2524 4 175 6234 Providence 17 3 744 6235 Providence 18 7 114 6136 Central Falls 111 4 176 6137 East Boston 50101 5 115 6138 Lawrence 2517 5 145 6139 Providence 3 7 714 6040 Central Falls 108 4 763 59Census tracts in the Boston CSA with the highest percentage of residents who identify as Black American 22 Rank City or Neighborhood Census Tract Population Black1 Mattapan 101101 3 115 842 Mattapan 101102 4 396 843 Mattapan 101001 5 480 834 Mattapan 1003 3 303 805 Mattapan 1002 2 787 786 Mattapan 101002 4 979 777 Dorchester 923 2 893 778 Roxbury 82 2 815 749 Roxbury 817 3 820 7110 Hyde Park 1404 7 650 7111 Roxbury 901 4 571 7112 Dorchester 919 3 860 7013 Dorchester 1004 4 865 6814 Roxbury 819 3 115 6615 Roxbury 924 5 277 6616 Roxbury 818 2 898 6517 Mattapan 1001 5 510 6418 Roxbury 815 2 134 6219 Roxbury 821 5 025 6220 Roxbury 803 1 769 6021 Roxbury 903 3 179 5822 Dorchester 1009 4 072 5823 Dorchester 1005 5 909 5524 Hyde Park 1403 6 382 5425 Dorchester 92 4 945 5426 Roxbury 902 2 233 5327 Dorchester 918 3 452 5228 Roxbury 904 3 659 5229 Roxbury 814 3 003 5030 Roxbury 80401 2 710 5031 Roslindale 140106 1 901 4932 Dorchester 917 3 069 4733 Dorchester 914 2 741 4634 Brockton 5108 6 339 4435 Roxbury 805 3 096 4436 Roxbury 801 3 350 4337 Randolph 420302 7 703 4238 Roxbury 813 4 760 4239 Dorchester 922 3 349 4240 Randolph 420202 6 303 40Census tracts in the Boston CSA with the highest percentage of residents who identify as Asian American 22 Rank City or Neighborhood Census Tract Population Asian1 South End 70402 1 723 702 Chinatown 702 5 218 583 Lowell 3112 3 267 554 Lowell 3118 3 513 545 Lowell 3117 5 098 476 Quincy 417502 4 639 457 Quincy 4172 8 182 448 Malden 3413 5 439 399 Lowell 3113 4 057 3810 Westborough 742402 3 026 3811 Quincy 417501 5 004 3712 Cambridge 353102 5 040 3613 Quincy 417802 3 150 3514 Lowell 3111 2 410 3415 Lowell 3115 2 974 3316 Dorchester 92101 6 451 3117 Quincy 417601 5 196 3018 Fenway Kenmore 10103 4 569 2919 Quincy 4180002 7 020 2820 Quincy 417602 5 155 2821 Chinatown Leather District Downtown 70101 5 902 2722 Cambridge 3539 7 090 2723 Lowell 3114 5 986 2624 Lowell 3116 5 295 2625 Lowell 3107 4 441 2626 Quincy 4171 4 264 2627 Dorchester 916 3 138 2628 Malden 3412 6 857 2529 Malden 341102 4 564 2530 Malden 341101 3 675 2531 Acton 363102 5 909 2532 Dorchester 911 4 861 2533 Allston Brighton 703 2 791 2434 Lexington 3583 5 526 2435 Quincy 418004 4 280 2336 Brookline 4009 3 865 2237 Cambridge 3532 4 897 2238 Cambridge 352101 1 654 2239 Shrewsbury 7391 9 557 2240 Westborough 7612 5 780 22Census tracts in the Boston CSA with the highest percentage of residents who identify as Irish American 23 City or Neighborhood Census Tract Population IrishSouth Boston 60101 3 106 68Milton 416400 6 069 63Charlestown 040401 2 439 63Dorchester 1007 4 322 63South Boston 608 3 964 62South Boston 604 4 904 61Milton 416101 5 724 58Marshfield 506204 4 886 57Weymouth 422100 5 293 57Quincy 417801 5 443 55Hull 500101 3 702 55Scituate 505101 3 860 55West Roxbury 130402 4 637 54Quincy 417400 2 566 53South Boston 60301 3 076 52Abington 520100 6 458 52Braintree 419200 5 002 52Braintree 419600 6 766 52Abington 520201 3 952 52Pembroke 508200 6 031 52Census tracts in the Boston CSA with the highest percentage of residents who identify as Italian American 24 City or Neighborhood Census Tract Population ItalianJohnston 012402 2 486 63Cranston 014501 5 179 58Johnston 012500 5 490 57Johnston 012200 7 187 57Providence 011902 4 780 55Cranston 014800 5 591 55Saugus 208102 3 343 51Cranston 014300 4 716 49Cranston 014600 6 991 49Cranston 014502 4 096 48Johnston 012300 6 656 48Johnston 012401 6 950 48Stoneham 337102 5 042 45Stoneham 337202 4 849 45Revere 170200 4 564 45Revere 170502 2 818 43Cranston 013900 2 992 43Revere 170300 9 040 43North Providence 012103 2 965 43Census tracts in the Boston CSA with the highest percentage of residents who identify as Portuguese American 25 City or Neighborhood Census Tract Population PortugueseNew Bedford 652800 3 277 72Fall River 640600 4 450 69Dartmouth 653203 5 005 65New Bedford 652400 2 664 64New Bedford 652000 2 676 62Fall River 640500 5 165 60Fall River 641200 2 803 59New Bedford 650500 3 141 58Fall River 640901 5 071 58New Bedford 650400 3 773 57New Bedford 652500 2 589 56East Providence 010400 6 661 55New Bedford 652300 2 870 54Fall River 641000 2 419 54Fall River 640300 3 693 53Westport 646101 7 356 53Fall River 640700 2 900 53Fall River 640400 2 682 53New Bedford 650101 5 753 53Fall River 640100 5 358 52Census tracts in the Boston CSA with French or French Canadian listed as first ancestry 26 City or Neighborhood Census Tract Population FrenchWoonsocket 018500 2 831 66Woonsocket 017700 3 518 61Woonsocket 017500 3 128 59Woonsocket 017800 2 514 58Burrillville 013001 3 479 56North Smithfield 012802 2 391 54North Smithfield 012803 4 776 53Burrillville 013002 7 539 53North Smithfield 012801 4 800 52Manchester 002300 3 758 52Woonsocket 017900 3 049 51Burrillville 012900 4 937 50Manchester 000202 2 297 49Manchester 002100 4 782 49Woonsocket 017600 2 560 49Manchester 002600 5 746 48Manchester 002200 3 232 47Woonsocket 018400 6 527 47Blackstone 747101 5 110 47Woonsocket 018000 2 680 46Other Edit Greater Boston has a sizable Jewish community estimated at between 210 000 people 27 28 and 261 000 29 or 5 6 of the Greater Boston metro population compared with about 2 for the nation as a whole Contrary to national trends the number of Jews in Greater Boston has been growing fueled by the fact that 60 of children in Jewish mixed faith families are raised Jewish compared with roughly one in three nationally 27 The City of Boston also has one of the largest LGBT populations per capita It ranks fifth of all major cities in the country behind San Francisco and slightly behind Seattle Atlanta and Minneapolis respectively with 12 3 of the city identifying as gay lesbian or bisexual 30 County 2021 Estimate 2020 Census Change Area DensityMiddlesex County Massachusetts 1 614 742 1 632 002 1 06 817 82 sq mi 2 118 1 km2 1 974 sq mi 762 km2 Essex County Massachusetts 807 074 809 829 0 34 492 56 sq mi 1 275 7 km2 1 639 sq mi 633 km2 Suffolk County Massachusetts 771 245 797 936 3 35 58 15 sq mi 150 6 km2 13 263 sq mi 5 121 km2 Norfolk County Massachusetts 724 505 725 981 0 20 396 11 sq mi 1 025 9 km2 1 829 sq mi 706 km2 Plymouth County Massachusetts 533 003 530 819 0 41 659 07 sq mi 1 707 0 km2 809 sq mi 312 km2 Rockingham County New Hampshire 316 947 314 176 0 88 694 72 sq mi 1 799 3 km2 456 sq mi 176 km2 Strafford County New Hampshire 132 416 130 889 1 17 368 97 sq mi 955 6 km2 359 sq mi 139 km2 Total 4 899 932 4 941 642 0 84 3 487 40 sq mi 9 032 3 km2 1 405 sq mi 542 km2 Higher education EditSee also Boston Massachusetts Education List of colleges and universities in metropolitan Boston and List of colleges and universities in Massachusetts Harvard University a leading global university is located in Cambridge MA in Greater Boston A long established center of higher education the area includes many community colleges two year schools and internationally prominent undergraduate and graduate institutions The graduate schools include highly regarded schools of law medicine business technology international relations public health education and religion Greater Boston contains seven R1 Research Institutions as per the Carnegie Classification of Institutions of Higher Education This is by far the highest number of such institutions in a single Metropolitan Statistical Area in the United States Selected statistics EditChanges in house prices for the Greater Boston area are publicly tracked on a regular basis using the Case Shiller index the statistic is published by Standard amp Poor s and is also a component of S amp P s 10 city composite index of the value of the residential real estate market Major companies EditReferences 31 32 33 34 Companies along inside or outside I 495 outside Route 128 Edit Abbott Laboratories in Worcester pharmaceutical laboratory Advanced Cell Technology in Worcester research laboratory AMD in Boxborough Analog Devices in Norwood Atlantic Broadband in Quincy Atlantic Tele Network in Beverly Avid Technology Inc in Burlington headquarters Azimuth Systems in Acton Bain amp Company in Boston headquarters Bain Capital in Boston headquarters Bertucci s Corporation in Northborough headquarters BJ s Wholesale Club Inc in Westborough headquarters Bose Corporation in Framingham headquarters Boston Properties Inc in Boston headquarters Boston Scientific Corporation in Marlborough headquarters Charles River Laboratories in Wilmington headquarters Cisco Systems in Boxborough CommunityRoot in Boston headquarters David Clark Company in Worcester manufacturer of space suits Diebold in Marlborough regional headquarters Dell Technologies in Hopkinton headquarters Evergreen Solar in Marlborough headquarters Hewlett Packard in Marlborough regional headquarters Schneider Electric in Andover Massachusetts HourlyNerd in Boston Innerscope Research in Boston headquarters Intel Corporation in Hudson Kronos Incorporated in Chelmsford Massachusetts headquarters Marshalls Inc in Framingham headquarters The MathWorks in Natick MITRE Corporation in Bedford headquarters Morgan Construction Company in Worcester rolling steel mill technology National Amusements in Norwood headquarters Novartis in Cambridge US headquarters Philips Electronics North America in Andover regional headquarters Philips Healthcare in Andover global headquarters and Framingham Red Hat in Westford engineering headquarters Reed amp Barton in Taunton factory and headquarters Saint Gobain in Worcester Sepracor Inc in Marlborough headquarters Staples Inc in Framingham headquarters Stop amp Shop in Quincy headquarters TJX Corporation in Framingham headquarters UniFirst in Wilmington headquarters WB Mason in Brockton headquarters Wyman Gordon in Grafton complex metal components and products Companies along or inside I 95 Route 128 not including Boston Edit Akamai Technologies in Cambridge headquarters Athenahealth in Watertown Massachusetts headquarters AstraZeneca in Waltham R amp D BBN Technologies in Cambridge headquarters Biocell Center in Medford North American headquarters Biogen Idec in Weston North American headquarters Carl Zeiss SMT in Peabody North American headquarters Constant Contact in Waltham Dunkin Brands in Canton headquarters Facebook in Cambridge General Electric Aviation in Lynn Global Partners in Waltham headquarters Google Inc in Cambridge Haemonetics in Braintree IBM in Waltham Cambridge and Littleton InterSystems Corporation in Cambridge headquarters iRobot Corporation in Burlington headquarters Keurig in Burlington headquarters Lionbridge in Waltham US headquarters Meditech in Westwood headquarters Microsoft Corporation in Cambridge Millennium Pharmaceuticals in Cambridge Moderna in Cambridge headquarters National Amusements in Dedham headquarters National Grid in Waltham US headquarters NetApp Inc in Waltham NetBlazr in Watertown Nokia in Burlington Novartis AG Inc in Cambridge research headquarters Novell Inc in Waltham Nuance Communications in Burlington Oracle Corporation in Burlington Osram Sylvania in Danvers headquarters Parametric Technology Corporation in Needham headquarters Philips Lighting in Burlington Progress Software in Bedford headquarters Raytheon in Waltham headquarters Sanofi Genzyme in Cambridge headquarters many locations in the area SharkNinja in Needham headquarters SunSetter Products LP in Malden headquarters Teradyne in North Reading headquarters Thermo Fisher Scientific in Waltham headquarters TripAdvisor LLC in Needham headquarters Twitter in Cambridge Vistaprint in Lexington North American headquarters 35 Wolverine World Wide in Waltham Massachusetts headquarters for Keds Saucony Sperry Top Sider and Stride Rite 36 Major companies inside Boston proper Edit American Tower headquarters Au Bon Pain headquarters Bain amp Company headquarters Blue Cross Blue Shield of Massachusetts headquarters Boston Consulting Group headquarters Converse headquarters Fidelity Investments headquarters General Electric headquarters The Gillette Company now owned by Procter amp Gamble headquarters Houghton Mifflin Harcourt headquarters Iora Health headquarters John Hancock Financial Services Inc now the United States division of Canada s Manulife Financial Liberty Mutual headquarters LogMeIn headquarters LPL Financial headquarters Mendix headquarters New Balance Athletic Shoe Inc headquarters Partners HealthCare moving to Assembly Row Somerville Puma North American headquarters moving to Assembly Row Somerville Putnam Investments headquarters Rapid7 Reebok US headquarters Roku Sapient Corporation headquarters Sonesta International Hotels Corp headquarters State Street Corporation headquarters Steward Health Care System headquarters Toast Inc headquarters Threat Stack headquarters Vertex Pharmaceuticals headquarters Wayfair headquarters Wellington Management Company headquarters Zipcar headquarters Sports EditMain article Sports in Boston Club Sport League Stadium Established League titlesBoston Bruins Ice hockey National Hockey League TD Garden Boston 1924 6 Stanley Cups7 Eastern Conference TitlesBoston Cannons Lacrosse Major League Lacrosse Harvard Stadium Boston 2001 1 MLL ChampionshipBoston Celtics Basketball National Basketball Association TD Garden Boston 1946 17 NBA Championships21 Eastern Conference TitlesBoston Pride Ice hockey National Women s Hockey League Bright Hockey Center Boston 2015 2 Isobel CupsBoston Red Sox Baseball Major League Baseball Fenway Park Boston 1901 9 MLB World Series Championships14 American League PennantsNew England Patriots Football National Football League Gillette Stadium Foxboro 1960 6 Super Bowl Championships11 AFC ChampionshipsNew England Revolution Soccer Major League Soccer Gillette Stadium Foxboro 1995 1 US Open Cup1 SuperLigaAnnual sporting events include The Boston Marathon which follows a course from Hopkinton to Boston The Head of the Charles Regatta The Lenox Industrial Tools 301 Sylvania 300 and New Hampshire Indy 225 auto races at the New Hampshire Motor Speedway oval track Transportation EditSee also Transportation in Boston Interstates Edit I 90 I 93 I 95 I 190 I 195 I 290 I 293 I 295 I 395 I 495U S Routes Edit US 1 US 3 US 6 US 20 US 44State Highways Edit Route 1A Route 2 Route 2A Route 3 Route 3A Route 4 Route 9 Route 16 Route 18 Route 24 Route 25 Route 27 Route 28 Route 30 Route 38 Route 53 Route 58 Route 60 Route 62 Route 97 Route 106 Route 109 Route 110 Route 113 Route 114 Route 115 Route 117 Route 122 Route 123 Route 125 Route 126 Route 128 Route 129 Route 133 Route 135 Route 138 Route 139 Route 140 Route 146 Route 213 Route 225Bridges and tunnels Edit Boston University Bridge carrying Route 2 Callahan Tunnel carrying Route 1A Northbound Charles M Braga Jr Memorial Bridge carrying Interstate 195 Claiborne Pell Newport Bridge carrying Route 138 Fore River Bridge carrying Massachusetts Route 3A Harvard Bridge carrying Route 2A Longfellow Bridge carrying Massachusetts Route 3 US Route 3 and the MBTA Red Line North Washington Street Bridge carrying Route 99 Sumner Tunnel carrying Route 1A Southbound Ted Williams Tunnel carrying I 90 Thomas P O Neill Jr Tunnel carrying I 93 and Routes 1 and 3 concurrently Tobin Bridge carrying Route 1 Zakim Bunker Hill Bridge carrying Interstate 93 Route 1 and Route 3 concurrentlyAirports Edit Logan International Airport in Boston 3 miles 4 8 km northeast of downtown Boston New England s largest transportation center Manchester Boston Regional Airport in Manchester New Hampshire T F Green Airport in Warwick Rhode Island Hanscom Field in Bedford Norwood Memorial Airport Worcester Regional Airport Beverly Regional Airport Lawrence Municipal AirportRail and bus Edit The MBTA district with Commuter Rail lines in purple Massachusetts Bay Transportation Authority MBTA generally known as the T rapid transit lines Red Line heavy rail Cambridge Braintree and Boston Dorchester Orange Line heavy rail Boston Jamaica Plain Malden Blue Line heavy rail Boston Revere Green Line light rail streetcar Medford Brighton and Newton Ashmont Mattapan High Speed Line streetcar Ashmont Milton Mattapan Silver Line bus rapid transit South Station Logan Airport and Downtown Nubian MBTA Commuter Rail Old Colony Lines serving Plymouth County Providence Stoughton Line serving northern Bristol County central Norfolk County Kent County and Washington County connecting to Providence Rhode Island Fairmount Line shuttle service from South Station Franklin Line serving western Norfolk County Greenbush Line serving Boston s South Shore Needham Line serving Boston suburbs and Needham Framingham Worcester Line serving southwestern Middlesex County connecting to Worcester Fitchburg Line serving northwestern Middlesex County connecting to Fitchburg Lowell Line serving northern Middlesex County Haverhill Reading Line and Newburyport Rockport Line serving Essex County amp Boston s North Shore Amtrak service to New York City and Washington D C Amtrak Downeaster service to Maine from North Station Massport Logan Express Plymouth amp Brockton Street Railway Co The first railway line in the United States was in Quincy See Neponset River The following Regional Transit Authorities have bus service that connects with MBTA commuter rail stations Brockton Area Transit Authority Cape Ann Transportation Authority Greater Attleboro Taunton Regional Transit Authority Lowell Regional Transit Authority Merrimack Valley Regional Transit Authority MetroWest Regional Transit Authority Montachusett Regional Transit Authority Rhode Island Public Transit Authority Worcester Regional Transit AuthorityOcean transportation Edit The Salem Ferry 92 ft Catamaran is photographed approaching its dock off Blaney Street at the Salem Maritime National Historic Site in Salem Massachusetts United States Port of Boston Massport Cape Cod CanalGeography EditRivers Blackstone River Charles River Concord River Ipswich River Merrimack River Mystic River Neponset River Sudbury River Taunton River Weymouth Fore River Hills Bellevue Hill Great Blue HillClimate Edit Climate data for Concord Municipal Airport New Hampshire 1991 2020 normals a extremes 1868 present b Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec YearRecord high F C 72 22 74 23 89 32 95 35 98 37 101 38 102 39 101 38 98 37 92 33 80 27 73 23 102 39 Mean maximum F C 52 11 54 12 66 19 82 28 90 32 93 34 94 34 92 33 89 32 79 26 69 21 57 14 96 36 Average high F C 31 6 0 2 34 8 1 6 43 6 6 4 57 5 14 2 69 3 20 7 77 8 25 4 83 0 28 3 81 7 27 6 73 7 23 2 60 9 16 1 48 4 9 1 37 1 2 8 58 3 14 6 Daily mean F C 22 3 5 4 24 7 4 1 33 4 0 8 45 4 7 4 56 7 13 7 65 8 18 8 71 1 21 7 69 5 20 8 61 4 16 3 49 3 9 6 38 6 3 7 28 3 2 1 47 2 8 4 Average low F C 12 9 10 6 14 7 9 6 23 3 4 8 33 3 0 7 44 1 6 7 53 7 12 1 59 2 15 1 57 2 14 0 49 0 9 4 37 8 3 2 28 7 1 8 19 5 6 9 36 1 2 3 Mean minimum F C 9 23 7 22 2 17 19 7 29 2 39 4 47 8 44 7 32 0 22 6 12 11 1 18 12 24 Record low F C 35 37 37 38 20 29 4 16 21 6 30 1 35 2 29 2 20 7 10 12 17 27 24 31 37 38 Average precipitation inches mm 2 80 71 2 75 70 3 28 83 3 43 87 3 47 88 3 77 96 3 62 92 3 63 92 3 63 92 4 43 113 3 44 87 3 70 94 41 95 1 066 Average snowfall inches cm 17 1 43 16 9 43 13 6 35 2 5 6 4 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 8 2 0 2 5 6 4 14 3 36 67 7 172 Average precipitation days 0 01 in 11 2 10 0 11 5 11 4 12 4 12 8 10 9 9 9 9 3 10 6 10 8 12 0 132 8Average snowy days 0 1 in 8 1 7 6 5 2 1 3 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 1 6 6 3 30 3Average relative humidity 67 9 66 0 64 8 62 0 65 0 70 9 71 8 74 5 76 3 72 8 73 3 72 3 69 8Mean monthly sunshine hours 162 8 171 8 210 5 223 2 258 4 274 3 295 8 261 9 214 7 183 4 127 8 134 8 2 519 4Percent possible sunshine 56 58 57 56 57 60 64 61 57 54 44 48 56Average ultraviolet index 1 2 4 5 7 8 8 7 6 3 2 1 5Source 1 NOAA relative humidity and sun 1961 1990 37 38 39 Source 2 Weather Atlas UV 40 vteClimate data for Boston Massachusetts Logan Airport 1991 2020 normals c extremes 1872 present d Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec YearRecord high F C 74 23 73 23 89 32 94 34 97 36 100 38 104 40 102 39 102 39 90 32 83 28 76 24 104 40 Mean maximum F C 58 3 14 6 57 9 14 4 67 0 19 4 79 9 26 6 88 1 31 2 92 2 33 4 95 0 35 0 93 7 34 3 88 9 31 6 79 6 26 4 70 2 21 2 61 2 16 2 96 4 35 8 Average high F C 36 8 2 7 39 0 3 9 45 5 7 5 56 4 13 6 66 5 19 2 76 2 24 6 82 1 27 8 80 4 26 9 73 1 22 8 62 1 16 7 51 6 10 9 42 2 5 7 59 3 15 2 Daily mean F C 29 9 1 2 31 8 0 1 38 3 3 5 48 6 9 2 58 4 14 7 68 0 20 0 74 1 23 4 72 7 22 6 65 6 18 7 54 8 12 7 44 7 7 1 35 7 2 1 51 9 11 1 Average low F C 23 1 4 9 24 6 4 1 31 1 0 5 40 8 4 9 50 3 10 2 59 7 15 4 66 0 18 9 65 1 18 4 58 2 14 6 47 5 8 6 37 9 3 3 29 2 1 6 44 5 6 9 Mean minimum F C 4 8 15 1 8 3 13 2 15 6 9 1 31 0 0 6 41 2 5 1 49 7 9 8 58 6 14 8 57 7 14 3 46 7 8 2 35 1 1 7 24 4 4 2 13 1 10 5 2 6 16 3 Record low F C 13 25 18 28 8 22 11 12 31 1 41 5 50 10 46 8 34 1 25 4 2 19 17 27 18 28 Average precipitation inches mm 3 39 86 3 21 82 4 17 106 3 63 92 3 25 83 3 89 99 3 27 83 3 23 82 3 56 90 4 03 102 3 66 93 4 30 109 43 59 1 107 Average snowfall inches cm 14 3 36 14 4 37 9 0 23 1 6 4 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 0 51 0 7 1 8 9 0 23 49 2 125 Average precipitation days 0 01 in 11 8 10 6 11 6 11 6 11 8 10 9 9 4 9 0 9 0 10 5 10 3 11 9 128 4Average snowy days 0 1 in 6 6 6 2 4 4 0 8 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 0 6 4 2 23 0Average relative humidity 62 3 62 0 63 1 63 0 66 7 68 5 68 4 70 8 71 8 68 5 67 5 65 4 66 5Average dew point F C 16 5 8 6 17 6 8 0 25 2 3 8 33 6 0 9 45 0 7 2 55 2 12 9 61 0 16 1 60 4 15 8 53 8 12 1 42 8 6 0 33 4 0 8 22 1 5 5 38 9 3 8 Mean monthly sunshine hours 163 4 168 4 213 7 227 2 267 3 286 5 300 9 277 3 237 1 206 3 143 2 142 3 2 633 6Percent possible sunshine 56 57 58 57 59 63 65 64 63 60 49 50 59Average ultraviolet index 1 2 4 5 7 8 8 8 6 4 2 1 5Source 1 NOAA relative humidity dew point and sun 1961 1990 42 43 44 Source 2 Weather Atlas UV 45 Climate data for Boston MassachusettsMonth Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec YearAverage sea temperature F C 41 3 5 2 38 1 3 4 38 4 3 5 43 1 6 2 49 2 9 5 58 4 14 7 65 7 18 7 67 9 20 0 64 8 18 2 59 4 15 3 52 3 11 3 46 6 8 2 52 1 11 2 Source Weather Atlas 45 vteClimate data for Providence Rhode Island T F Green Airport 1991 2020 normals e extremes 1904 present f Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec YearRecord high F C 70 21 72 22 90 32 98 37 96 36 98 37 102 39 104 40 100 38 88 31 81 27 77 25 104 40 Mean maximum F C 59 15 58 14 67 19 79 26 87 31 92 33 95 35 93 34 88 31 79 26 70 21 62 17 97 36 Average high F C 38 3 3 5 40 5 4 7 47 7 8 7 58 9 14 9 68 9 20 5 77 7 25 4 83 6 28 7 82 2 27 9 74 8 23 8 63 8 17 7 53 2 11 8 43 4 6 3 61 1 16 2 Daily mean F C 30 2 1 0 32 0 0 0 38 9 3 8 49 3 9 6 59 1 15 1 68 2 20 1 74 4 23 6 73 0 22 8 65 6 18 7 54 4 12 4 44 5 6 9 35 5 1 9 52 1 11 2 Average low F C 22 1 5 5 23 5 4 7 30 2 1 0 39 6 4 2 49 2 9 6 58 8 14 9 65 2 18 4 63 9 17 7 56 5 13 6 45 1 7 3 35 8 2 1 27 6 2 4 43 1 6 2 Mean minimum F C 4 16 7 14 15 9 29 2 38 3 47 8 56 13 54 12 43 6 32 0 22 6 12 11 2 17 Record low F C 13 25 17 27 1 17 11 12 29 2 39 4 48 9 40 4 32 0 20 7 6 14 12 24 17 27 Average precipitation inches mm 3 96 101 3 44 87 4 90 124 4 29 109 3 37 86 3 81 97 2 91 74 3 59 91 4 17 106 4 18 106 4 27 108 4 65 118 47 54 1 208 Average snowfall inches cm 10 3 26 10 5 27 6 4 16 0 6 1 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 0 51 1 0 2 5 7 6 19 36 6 93 Average precipitation days 0 01 in 11 2 10 3 11 6 11 7 12 2 10 8 9 3 9 1 9 1 10 2 9 6 11 9 127 0Average snowy days 0 1 in 5 7 5 4 3 7 0 4 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 6 3 4 19 3Average relative humidity 63 9 63 0 62 9 61 4 66 6 70 1 71 0 72 5 73 0 70 2 68 9 67 0 67 5Average dew point F C 16 3 8 7 17 4 8 1 25 0 3 9 33 1 0 6 45 0 7 2 55 6 13 1 61 5 16 4 61 0 16 1 53 8 12 1 42 6 5 9 33 3 0 7 22 1 5 5 38 9 3 8 Mean monthly sunshine hours 171 7 172 6 215 6 225 1 254 9 274 1 290 6 262 8 233 0 208 7 148 0 148 6 2 605 7Percent possible sunshine 58 58 58 56 57 60 63 61 62 61 50 52 58Average ultraviolet index 1 2 4 6 7 8 8 8 6 4 2 1 5Source 1 NOAA relative humidity dew point and sun 1961 1990 47 48 49 Source 2 Weather Atlas 50 Climate data for ProvidenceMonth Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec YearAverage sea temperature F C 41 4 5 2 38 1 3 4 38 7 3 8 44 1 6 7 50 9 10 5 59 6 15 3 67 0 19 4 69 3 20 7 66 7 19 3 61 6 16 4 54 2 12 3 47 7 8 8 53 3 11 8 Source Weather Atlas 50 See also EditGreater Boston League a high school athletic conference in MassachusettsNotes Edit Mean monthly maxima and minima i e the expected highest and lowest temperature readings at any point during the year or given month calculated based on data at said location from 1991 to 2020 Official records for Concord were kept at downtown from September 1868 to April 1941 and at Concord Municipal Airport since May 1941 snow records date from December 1942 For more information see ThreadEx Mean monthly maxima and minima i e the expected highest and lowest temperature readings at any point during the year or given month calculated based on data at said location from 1991 to 2020 Official records for Boston were kept at downtown from January 1872 to December 1935 and at Logan Airport KBOS since January 1936 41 Mean monthly maxima and minima i e the expected highest and lowest temperature readings at any point during the year or given month calculated based on data at said location from 1991 to 2020 Official records for Providence kept at downtown from November 1904 to May 1932 and at T F Green Airport since June 1932 46 References Edit Housing and Economic Development Key Industries mass gov Retrieved May 9 2016 Will Joyner 9 April 1999 Where Literary Legends Took Shape Around Boston The New York Times Retrieved May 9 2016 The 1692 Salem Witch Trials SalemWitchTrialsMuseum com Retrieved May 9 2016 Faneuil Hall Celebrateboston com Retrieved April 21 2015 The Temperance Issue in the Election of 1840 Massachusetts Teachushistory org Retrieved May 9 2016 Packer Barbara 2007 The Transcendentalists University of Georgia Press First edition April 25 2007 ISBN 978 0820329581 Images of the Antislavery Movement in Massachusetts Masshist org Retrieved May 9 2016 Massachusetts court strikes down ban on same sex marriage Reuters November 18 2003 Retrieved April 21 2015 History of Harvard University Harvard University Retrieved April 21 2015 Tamar Lewin January 28 2015 Harvard s Endowment Remains Biggest of All The New York Times Retrieved May 9 2016 Richard Wolf March 16 2016 Meet Merrick Garland Obama s Supreme Court nominee USA Today Retrieved May 9 2016 Kendall Square Initiative MIT Retrieved December 1 2016 Lelund Cheung When a neighborhood is crowned the most innovative square mile in the world how do you keep it that way Boston Globe Media Partners LLC Retrieved December 1 2016 World Reputation Rankings www timeshighereducation com 21 April 2016 Retrieved May 9 2016 a b About MAPC Metropolitan Area Planning Council Archived from the original on 2007 02 21 Retrieved 2007 05 14 Metropolitan Area Planning Council Strategic Plan 2015 2020 PDF Metropolitan Area Planning Council Archived from the original PDF on 2016 10 11 Retrieved 2017 04 22 Transportation Plan Overview Boston Region Metropolitan Planning Organization 2009 Archived from the original on August 29 2008 Retrieved 2009 09 27 a b Principal cities of New England city and town areas NECTAs XLS spreadsheet U S Census Bureau Retrieved April 26 2015 Standards for Defining Metropolitan and Micropolitan Statistical Areas PDF Office of Management and Budget December 27 2000 Retrieved September 14 2009 City and Town Population for 2013 U S Census Bureau Archived from the original on 2016 01 19 Retrieved September 19 2014 Jane Walsh November 25 2015 The most Irish town in America is named using US census data Irish Central Retrieved May 8 2016 a b c d e Mapping the 2010 U S Census The New York Times 13 December 2010 Irish as First Ancestry Population Percentage Rank of Census Tract within 100 miles of Zip Code 02176 Usa com Retrieved 4 January 2015 Italian as First Ancestry Population Percentage Rank of Census Tract within 100 miles of Zip Code 02176 Usa com Retrieved 4 January 2015 Archived copy www usa com Archived from the original on 1 October 2014 Retrieved 2 February 2022 a href Template Cite web html title Template Cite web cite web a CS1 maint archived copy as title link French as First Ancestry Population Percentage Rank of Census Tract within 100 miles of Zip Code 02176 Usa com Retrieved 4 January 2015 a b Michael Paulson 2006 11 10 Jewish population in region rises The Boston Globe Retrieved 2009 11 29 Cities with the Largest Jewish Population in the Diaspora adherents com Archived from the original on December 6 1999 Retrieved 2009 11 29 a href Template Cite web html title Template Cite web cite web a CS1 maint unfit URL link Metro Area Membership Report The Association of Religion Data Archives Retrieved 2009 11 29 12 9 in Seattle are gay or bisexual second only to S F study says The Seattle Times The Seattle Times Company 2006 Retrieved 2009 05 01 2009 Globe 100 Top Massachusetts based employers The Boston Globe 2010 01 19 Archived from the original on May 22 2009 1 Archived March 10 2009 at the Wayback Machine Top Companies in Massachusetts on the Inc 5000 Inc com Inc com Retrieved 4 January 2015 2 Archived October 10 2007 at the Wayback Machine Who We Are amp About Us Vistaprint News vistaprint com Archived from the original on 18 October 2014 Retrieved 4 January 2015 Goodison Donna 20 July 2016 Wolverine strides into Waltham Boston Herald Retrieved 17 May 2022 NowData NOAA Online Weather Data National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Retrieved May 18 2021 Station CONCORD MUNI AP NH U S Climate Normals 2020 U S Monthly Climate Normals 1991 2020 National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Retrieved May 18 2021 WMO Climate Normals for CONCORD MUNICIPAL AP NH 1961 1990 National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Retrieved March 11 2014 Concord New Hampshire USA Monthly weather forecast and Climate data Weather Atlas Retrieved July 4 2019 ThreadEx Summary of Monthly Normals 1991 2020 National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Retrieved May 4 2021 NowData NOAA Online Weather Data National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Retrieved May 24 2021 WMO Climate Normals for BOSTON LOGAN INT L AIRPORT MA 1961 1990 National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Retrieved July 18 2020 a b Boston Massachusetts USA Monthly weather forecast and Climate data Weather Atlas Retrieved July 4 2019 ThreadEx NowData NOAA Online Weather Data National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Retrieved May 30 2021 Station Providence T F Green AP RI U S Climate Normals 2020 U S Monthly Climate Normals 1991 2020 National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Retrieved May 30 2021 WMO Climate Normals for PROVIDENCE GREEN STATE RI 1961 1990 National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Retrieved September 17 2020 a b Providence Rhode Island USA Monthly weather forecast and Climate data Weather Atlas Retrieved July 4 2019 Further reading Edit Wikivoyage has a travel guide for Greater Boston Wilson Susan 2005 The Literary Trail of Greater Boston A Tour of Sites in Boston Cambridge and Concord Revised Edition Commonwealth Editions ISBN 1 889833 67 3 An informative guidebook with facts and data about literary figures publishers bookstores libraries and other historic sites on the newly designated Literary Trail of Greater Boston Warner Sam Jr 2001 Greater Boston Adapting Regional Traditions to the Present University of Pennsylvania Press ISBN 0 8122 1769 1 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Greater Boston amp oldid 1127707013, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, 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