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Wikipedia

Salem, Massachusetts

January 01, 1970

Salem (/ˈseɪləm/ SAY-ləm) is a historic coastal city in Essex County, Massachusetts, United States, located on the North Shore of Greater Boston. Continuous settlement by Europeans began in 1626 with English colonists. Salem was one of the most significant seaports trading commodities in early American history. Prior to the dissolution of county governments in Massachusetts in 1999, it served as one of two county seats for Essex County, alongside Lawrence.[3]

Salem
City
Flag
Seal
Nickname(s): 
The Witch City, The City of Witches, Pleasure City
Motto: 
Divitis Indiae usque ad ultimum sinum (Latin: To the farthest port of the rich Indies)
Location in Essex County, Massachusetts
Salem
Location in the United States
Coordinates: 42°31′10″N 70°53′50″W / 42.51944°N 70.89722°W / 42.51944; -70.89722
Country United States
StateMassachusetts
CountyEssex
Settled1626
Incorporated1629
City1836
Founded byRoger Conant
Government
 • TypeMayor-council city
 • MayorDominick Pangallo
Area
[1]
 • Total18.30 sq mi (47.40 km2)
 • Land8.29 sq mi (21.48 km2)
 • Water10.01 sq mi (25.92 km2)
Elevation
26 ft (8 m)
Population
 (2020)
 • Total44,480
 • Density5,362.91/sq mi (2,070.66/km2)
Time zoneUTC−5 (Eastern)
 • Summer (DST)UTC−4 (Eastern)
ZIP Code
01970
Area code(s)351, 978
FIPS code25-59105
GNIS feature ID0614337
Websitewww.salem.com
[2]

Today, Salem is a residential and tourist area that is home to the House of Seven Gables, Salem State University, Pioneer Village, the Salem Maritime National Historic Site, Salem Willows Park, and the Peabody Essex Museum. It features historic residential neighborhoods in the Federal Street District and the Charter Street Historic District.[4][5][6][7] The city's population was 44,480 at the 2020 census.[2]

Salem is widely noted for the infamous Salem witch trials of 1692. Some of Salem's police cars are adorned with witch logos, a public elementary school is known as Witchcraft Heights, and the Salem High School athletic teams are named the Witches. Gallows Hill Park was originally believed to be the site of the executions during the Witch Trials, but in 2016 a site nearby called Proctor's Ledge was identified as the true site of the executions.[8] Gallows Hill Park now serves as a town park, with baseball fields, tennis courts, and other amenities.

History edit

For a chronological guide, see Timeline of Salem, Massachusetts.
 
Statue of Roger Conant, founder of Salem, on North Washington Square.
 
Nathaniel Hawthorne by Bela Pratt
 
Scene along the Salem waterfront, c. 1770–1780

Naumkeag edit

Native Americans lived in northeastern Massachusetts for thousands of years prior to European colonization of the Americas. The peninsula that would become Salem was known as Naumkeag (alternate spellings Naemkeck,[9] Nahumkek,[10] Neumkeage[11]) by the native people who lived there at the time of contact in the early 1600s. Naumkeag was a major settlement for the indigenous group that controlled territory from the Merrimack to the Mystic rivers. The English and other Europeans referred to them as the Naumkeag people. There are probable indigenous settlement sites near the mouths of the North, South, and Forest rivers in Salem.[12]

The contact period was a disastrous time for the Naumkeag. Many Naumkeag died in a war with the Tarrantine and as a result of a smallpox epidemic in 1617–1619, including their powerful sachem Nanepashemet. The disease had probably been contracted by members who came into contact with European fishermen or explorers. Their strength was reduced just prior to the arrival of English settlers in 1626 to what became modern-day Salem. In 1633, a second smallpox epidemic struck, killing two of Nanepashemet's successors, Montowompate and Wonohaquaham, and leaving his remaining heir Wenepoykin scarred. So it was that English settlers met little resistance on their arrival in Salem. Although Wenepoykin would join Metacomet in King Philip's War in 1675, the English settlers at this point had the numerical superiority to defeat Metacomet's indigenous coalition.

It was not until 1686, when the Massachusetts Bay Colony Charter was recalled by the King in the creation of the Dominion of New England that Wenepoykin's heirs pressed their claim to the land of Salem, for which they were paid twenty pounds.[11]

English colonization edit

Colonists settled Naumkeag in 1626 when a company of fishermen[13] arrived from Cape Ann led by Roger Conant. Conant's leadership provided the stability for the settlers to survive the first two years, but John Endecott replaced him by order of the Massachusetts Bay Company. Conant stepped aside and was granted 200 acres (0.81 km2) of land in compensation. These "New Planters" and the "Old Planters"[13][14] agreed to cooperate because of the diplomacy of Conant and Endecott. To recognize this peaceful transition to the new government, the name of the settlement was changed to Salem, the hellenized name of Shalem (שָׁלֵם), the royal city of Melchizedek, which is identified with Jerusalem.[15][16]

In 1628, Endecott ordered that the Great House be moved from Cape Ann, reassembling it on Washington Street north of Church Street.[17] Francis Higginson wrote that "we found a faire house newly built for the Governor" which was remarkable for being two stories high.[18] A year later, the Massachusetts Bay Charter was issued creating the Massachusetts Bay Colony with Matthew Craddock as its governor in London and Endecott as its governor in the colony.[19] John Winthrop was elected Governor in late 1629, and arrived with the Winthrop Fleet in 1630, one of the many events that began the Puritan Great Migration.[20]

In 1639, Endecott, among others, signed the building contract for enlarging the meeting house in Town House Square for the first church in Salem. This document remains part of the town records at City Hall. He was active in the affairs of the town throughout his life. Samuel Skelton was the first pastor of the First Church of Salem, which is the original Puritan church in America.[21][22] Endecott already had a close relationship with Skelton, having been converted by him, and Endecott considered him as his spiritual father.[23][24]

 
Title page of A Modest Enquiry Into the Nature of Witchcraft by John Hale (Boston, 1702)

Salem's harbor was defended by Fort Miller in Marblehead from 1632 to 1865, and by Fort Pickering on Winter Island from 1643 to 1865.[25] During the 17th and 18th centuries, Salem was involved in the Atlantic slave trade, surpassing Boston in terms of the town's engagement with the triangular trade. Beginning in 1701 there was a steady political and social effort in Massachusetts to end slavery and by 1770 the practice was all but eliminated, with many slaves winning their freedom.[26]

In 1768, Samuel Hall established Salem's first print shop and founded The Essex Gazette Salem's first newspaper, and the third to emerge in Massachusetts.[27][28]

Witchcraft Trials edit

One of the most widely known aspects of Salem is its history of witchcraft allegations, which started with Abigail Williams, Betty Parris, and their friends playing "with a Venus glase & an Egg" to learn "what trade their sweet harts should be of."[29] The infamous Salem Witch Trials began in 1692, and 19 people were executed by hanging because of the false accusations; Giles Corey was pressed to death for refusing to plead innocent or guilty, thus avoiding the noose and instead dying an innocent man.[30] Salem is also significant in legal history as the site of the Dorothy Talbye Trial, where a mentally ill woman was hanged for murdering her daughter because Massachusetts made no distinction at the time between insanity and criminal behavior.[31]

William Hathorne was a prosperous entrepreneur in early Salem and became one of its leading citizens. He led troops to victory in King Philip's War, served as a magistrate on the highest court, and was chosen as the first speaker of the House of Deputies. He was a zealous advocate of the personal rights of freemen against royal emissaries and agents.[32][33] His son Judge John Hathorne came to prominence in the late 17th century when witchcraft was a serious felony. Judge Hathorne is the best known of the witch trial judges, and he became known as the "Hanging Judge" for sentencing accused witches to death.[34][35]

American Revolution edit

On February 26, 1775, patriots raised the drawbridge at the North River on North Street, preventing British Colonel Alexander Leslie and his 300 troops of the 64th Regiment of Foot from seizing stores and ammunition hidden in North Salem. Both parties came to an agreement and no blood was shed that day, but war broke out at Lexington and Concord soon after. A group of prominent merchants with ties to Salem published a statement retracting what some interpreted as Loyalist leanings and professing their dedication to the American cause, including Francis Cabot,[36] William Pynchon, Thomas Barnard, E. A. Holyoke, and William Pickman.[37]

 
Salem Harbor, oil on canvas, Fitz Hugh Lane, 1853, Museum of Fine Arts, Boston

During the American Revolutionary War, the town became a center for privateering. The documentation is incomplete, but about 1,700 Letters of Marque were granted during that time, issued on a per-voyage basis. Nearly 800 vessels were commissioned as privateers and are credited with capturing or destroying about 600 British ships.[38] Privateering resumed during the War of 1812.

Trade with the Pacific and Africa edit

Further information: East India Marine Society

Following the American Revolution, many ships used as privateers were too large for short voyages in the coasting trade,[39] and their owners determined to open new avenues of trade to distant countries. The young men of the town, fresh from service on the armed ships of Salem, were eager to embark in such ventures. Captain Nathaniel Silsbee, his first mate Charles Derby, and second mate Richard J. Cleveland were not yet twenty years old when they set sail on a nineteen-month voyage that was perhaps the first from the newly independent America to the East Indies. In 1795, Captain Jonathan Carnes set sail for Sumatra in the Malay Archipelago on his secret voyage for pepper. Nothing was heard from him until eighteen months later, when he entered Salem harbor with a cargo of pepper in bulk, the first to be so imported into the country, and which sold at the extraordinary profit of seven hundred per cent.[40] The Empress of China, formerly a privateer, was refitted as the first American ship to sail from New York to China.

By 1790, Salem had become the sixth-largest city in the country, and a world-famous seaport—particularly in the China Trade. It had a large cod fishing industry, conducted off the Newfoundland Banks. It exported codfish to Europe and the West Indies, imported sugar and molasses from the West Indies, tea from China, and products depicted on the city seal from the East Indies—in particular Sumatran pepper. Salem ships also visited Africa in the slave trade—Zanzibar in particular. They also traveled to Russia, Japan, and Australia.

The sail frigate USS Essex was built at one of Enos Briggs's shipyards on Winter Island in 1799.[41][42]

The neutrality of the United States was tested during the Napoleonic Wars. After the Chesapeake–Leopard affair, Congress passed the Embargo Act of 1807. President Thomas Jefferson closed all ports, an economic blow to the seaport town of Salem. The embargo was the starting point on the path to the War of 1812. Both the United Kingdom and France imposed trade restrictions to weaken each other's economies. This disrupted American trade and tested the United States' neutrality. Royal Navy ships frequently interdicted U.S. merchant ships trading with France and seized their goods, and at times would impress American sailors.[43]

 
Map of Salem, c. 1820

The Federal period (1788–1845) marks the beginning of U.S. international relations.[44] Salem had established trade relations with merchants in distant lands, which were a source of livelihood and prosperity for many. Charles Endicott, master of Salem merchantman Friendship, returned in 1831 to report Sumatran natives had plundered his ship, murdering the first officer and two crewmen. Following public outcry, President Andrew Jackson ordered the Potomac on the First Sumatran Expedition, which departed New York City on August 19, 1831.

In another direction, diplomat Edmund Roberts negotiated a treaty with Said bin Sultan, Sultan of Muscat and Oman on September 21, 1833.[45] In 1837, the sultan moved his main place of residence to Zanzibar and welcomed Richard Waters, a resident of Salem, as a United States consul of the early years.[43]

Legacy of the East Indies and Old China Trade edit

Further information: Peabody Academy of Science

The Old China Trade left a significant mark in two historic districts, Chestnut Street District, part of the Samuel McIntire Historic District containing 407 buildings, and the Salem Maritime National Historic Site, comprising 12 historic structures and about 9 acres (36,000 m2) of land along the waterfront in Salem. Elias Hasket Derby was among the wealthiest and most celebrated of post-Revolutionary merchants in Salem. Derby was also the owner of the Grand Turk, the first New England vessel to trade with China and the second, after the Empress of China, to sail from the United States. Thomas H. Perkins was his supercargo and established strong ties with the Chinese and garnered the Forbes fortune through his illegal opium sales.

Salem was incorporated as a city on March 23, 1836,[46] and adopted a city seal in 1839 with the motto "Divitis Indiae usque ad ultimum sinum", Latin for "To the rich East Indies until the last lap." Nathaniel Hawthorne was overseer of Salem's port from 1846 until 1849. He worked in the U.S. Custom House across the street from the port[47] near Pickering Wharf, his setting for the beginning of The Scarlet Letter. In 1858, an amusement park was established at Juniper Point, a peninsula jutting into the harbor. Prosperity left the city with a wealth of fine architecture, including Federal-style mansions designed by one of America's first architects, Samuel McIntire, for whom the city's largest historic district is named. These homes and mansions now make up the greatest concentrations of notable pre-1900 domestic structures in the United States.

Shipping declined throughout the 19th century. Boston and New York City eclipsed Salem and its silting harbor. Consequently, the city turned to manufacturing. Industries included tanneries, shoe factories, and the Naumkeag Steam Cotton Company. The Great Salem Fire of 1914 destroyed over 400 homes and left 3,500 families homeless but spared the historic concentration of Federal architecture on Chestnut Street. A memorial plaque on a drugstore building marks the former site of the Korn Leather Factory, which burned in the fire.

Air Station and the National Guard edit

 
Coast Guard Air Station patch

Coast Guard Air Station Salem was established on February 15, 1935, when the United States Coast Guard opened a new seaplane facility in Salem because there was no space to expand the Gloucester Air Station at Ten Pound Island. Coast Guard Air Station Salem was located on Winter Island, an extension of Salem Neck which juts out into Salem Harbor. Search and rescue, hunting for derelicts, and medical evacuations were the station's primary areas of responsibility. During its first year of operation, Salem crews performed 26 medical evacuations. They flew in all kinds of weather, and the radio direction capabilities of the aircraft were of significant value in locating vessels in distress.

During World War II (1939–1945), air crews from Salem flew neutrality patrols along the coast, and the Air Station roster grew to 37 aircraft. Anti-submarine patrols flew regularly. In October 1944, Air Station Salem was designated as the first Air-Sea Rescue station on the eastern seaboard. The Martin PBM Mariner, a hold-over from the war, became the primary rescue aircraft. In the mid-1950s, helicopters came, as did Grumman HU-16 Albatross amphibious flying boats (UFs).

The air station's missions included search and rescue, law enforcement, counting migratory waterfowl for the U.S. Biological Survey, and assisting icebound islands by delivering provisions.[48][49]

The station's surviving facilities are part of Salem's Winter Island Marine Park. Salem Harbor was deep enough to host a seadrome with three sea lanes, offering a variety of take-off headings irrespective of wind direction unless there was a strong steady wind from the east. This produced enormous waves that swept into the mouth of the harbor and hampered water operations. When the seadrome was too rough, returning amphibian aircraft used the Naval Auxiliary Air Facility Beverly. Salem Air Station moved to Cape Cod in 1970.

In 2011, the City of Salem completed plans for the 30-acre (12 ha) Winter Island Park[50] and squared off against residents who are against bringing two power-generating windmills to the tip of Winter Island.[51] The Renewable Energy Task Force, along with the Energy and Sustainability Manager, Paul Marquis, have recommended the construction of a 1.5-megawatt power turbine at the tip of Winter Island,[52] which is the furthest point from residences and where the winds are the strongest.[53]

The 30-acre park has been open to the public since the early 1970s. In 2011, a master plan was developed with help from the planning and design firm, Cecil Group of Boston and Bioengineering Group of Salem. The City of Salem paid $45,000 in federal money.[54] In the long term, the projected cost to rehabilitate just the barracks was $1.5 million. But in the short term, there are multiple lower-cost items, like a proposed $15,000 kayak dock or $50,000 to relocate and improve the bathhouse. This is a very important project since Fort Pickering guarded Salem Harbor as far back as the 17th century.[55]

National Guard birthplace and architecture edit

 
First Muster, Spring 1637, Massachusetts Bay Colony.

In 1637, the first muster was held on Salem Common, where for the first time a regiment of militia drilled for the common defense of a multi-community area,[56] thus laying the foundation for what became the Army National Guard. In 1637, the General Court of the Massachusetts Bay Colony ordered the organization of the Colony's militia companies into the North, South and East Regiments. The colonists adopted the English militia system, which obligated men between the ages of 16 and 60 to own arms and take part in the community's defense.[57][58]

Each April, the Second Corps of Cadets gather in front of St. Peter's Episcopal Church, where the body of their founder, Stephen Abbott, is buried. They lay a wreath, play "Taps" and fire a 21-gun salute. In another annual commemoration, soldiers gather at Old Salem Armory to honor soldiers who were killed in the Battles of Lexington and Concord. On April 14, 2012, Salem celebrated the 375th anniversary of the first muster on Salem Common, with more than 1,000 troops taking part in ceremonies and a parade.[59]

Samuel McIntire was one of the first architects in the United States, and his work is a prime example of early Federal-style architecture. The Samuel McIntire Historic District is one of the largest concentrations of 17th and 18th century domestic structures in America.[60] It includes McIntire commissions such as the Peirce-Nichols House and Hamilton Hall. The Witch House or Jonathan Corwin House (c. 1642) is also located in the district. Samuel McIntire's house and workshop were located at 31 Summer Street in what is now the Samuel McIntire Historic District.

Film, literature, and television in Salem edit

  • Historic images of Salem
  •  
    Salem Depot, 1910
  •  
    Peabody House, c. 1905
  •  
    Salem Harbor in 1907
  •  
    Lafayette Street in 1910
  •  
    Naumkeag Mills, c. 1910
  •  
    Roger Williams House (The Witch House) c. 1910
  •  
    Sampler (needlework) made in Salem in 1791. Art Institute of Chicago textile collection.
  •  
    Pickering House, c. 1905
  •  
    Essex Street, c. 1920
  •  
    Town House Square, 1891

Geography edit

 
The Salem Ferry approaching its dock off Blaney Street

Salem is located at 42°31′1″N 70°53′55″W / 42.51694°N 70.89861°W / 42.51694; -70.89861 (42.516845, −70.898503).[71] According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 18.1 square miles (47 km2), of which 8.1 square miles (21 km2) is land and 9.9 square miles (26 km2), or 55.09%, is water. Salem lies on Massachusetts Bay between Salem Harbor, which divides the city from much of neighboring Marblehead to the southeast, and Beverly Harbor, which divides the city from Beverly along with the Danvers River, which feeds into the harbor. Between the two harbors lies Salem Neck and Winter Island, which are divided from each other by Cat Cove, Smith Pool (located between the two land causeways to Winter Island), and Juniper Cove. The city is further divided by Collins Cove and the inlet to the North River. The Forest River flows through the southern end of town, along with Strong Water Brook, which feeds Spring Pond at the town's southwestern corner. The town has several parks, as well as conservation land along the Forest River and Camp Lion, which lies east of Spring Pond.

The city is divided by its natural features into several small neighborhoods. The Salem Neck neighborhood lies northeast of downtown, and North Salem lies to the west of it, on the other side of the North River. South Salem is south of the South River, lying mostly along the banks of Salem Harbor southward. Downtown Salem lies 15 miles (24 km) northeast of Boston, 16 miles (26 km) southwest of Gloucester and Cape Ann, and 19 miles (31 km) southeast of Lawrence, the other county seat of Essex County. Salem is bordered by Beverly to the north, Danvers to the northwest, Peabody to the west, Lynn to the south, Swampscott to the southeast, and Marblehead to the southeast. The town's water rights extend along a channel into Massachusetts Bay between the water rights of Marblehead and Beverly.

Climate edit

According to the Köppen climate classification, Salem has either a hot-summer humid continental climate (abbreviated Dfa), or a hot-summer humid sub-tropical climate (abbreviated Cfa), depending on the isotherm used.

Climate data for Salem, 1991–2020 simulated normals (20 ft elevation)
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Mean daily maximum °F (°C) 36.7
(2.6) 		38.8
(3.8) 		45.0
(7.2) 		54.7
(12.6) 		64.2
(17.9) 		73.6
(23.1) 		79.3
(26.3) 		78.4
(25.8) 		72.3
(22.4) 		61.7
(16.5) 		51.6
(10.9) 		42.1
(5.6) 		58.2
(14.6)
Daily mean °F (°C) 28.6
(−1.9) 		30.4
(−0.9) 		36.9
(2.7) 		46.6
(8.1) 		56.1
(13.4) 		65.7
(18.7) 		71.6
(22.0) 		70.5
(21.4) 		63.9
(17.7) 		53.2
(11.8) 		43.5
(6.4) 		34.3
(1.3) 		50.1
(10.1)
Mean daily minimum °F (°C) 20.5
(−6.4) 		22.1
(−5.5) 		28.8
(−1.8) 		38.3
(3.5) 		48.0
(8.9) 		57.7
(14.3) 		63.7
(17.6) 		62.4
(16.9) 		55.4
(13.0) 		44.6
(7.0) 		35.4
(1.9) 		26.8
(−2.9) 		42.0
(5.5)
Average precipitation inches (mm) 3.62
(91.95) 		3.43
(87.24) 		4.60
(116.88) 		4.12
(104.68) 		3.47
(88.10) 		4.01
(101.76) 		3.52
(89.36) 		3.32
(84.31) 		3.57
(90.57) 		4.75
(120.57) 		3.98
(101.16) 		4.66
(118.46) 		47.05
(1,195.04)
Average dew point °F (°C) 18.5
(−7.5) 		18.9
(−7.3) 		24.4
(−4.2) 		33.6
(0.9) 		45.3
(7.4) 		55.9
(13.3) 		61.9
(16.6) 		61.5
(16.4) 		55.4
(13.0) 		44.2
(6.8) 		33.4
(0.8) 		24.8
(−4.0) 		39.8
(4.4)
Source: PRISM Climate Group[72]

Transportation edit

Roads edit

 
Veterans Memorial Bridge between Salem and Beverly

The connection between Salem and Beverly is made across the Danvers River and Beverly Harbor by three bridges, the Kernwood Bridge to the west, and a railroad bridge and the Essex Bridge, from the land between Collins Cove and the North River, to the east. The Veterans Memorial Bridge carries Massachusetts Route 1A across the river. Route 1A passes through the eastern side of the city, through South Salem towards Swampscott. For much of its length in the city, it is coextensive with Route 114, which goes north from Marblehead before merging with Route 1A, and then heading northwest from downtown towards Lawrence. Route 107 also passes through town, entering from Lynn in the southwest corner of the city before heading towards its intersection with Route 114 and terminating at Route 1A. There is no highway access within the city; the nearest highway access to Route 128 is along Route 114 in neighboring Peabody.

Rail edit

Salem has a station on the Newburyport/Rockport Line of the MBTA Commuter Rail. The railroad lines are also connected to a semi-abandoned portion of freight lines which lead into Peabody, and a former line into Marblehead has been converted into a bike path.

Bus edit

Several MBTA Bus routes pass through the city.

Salem Skipper edit

The City of Salem launched a microtransit network called the Salem Skipper in December 2020.[73][74] The on-demand transit network is operated by Via and allows riders to share the same vehicle for approximately the same price as a MBTA Bus ticket. Passengers can hail a ride on their mobile device with the Salem Skipper app, or by calling a dispatcher.[74]

Airports edit

The nearest general aviation airport is Beverly Municipal Airport, and the nearest commercial airline service for national and international flights is at Boston's Logan International Airport.

The Salem Ferry edit

The Nathaniel Bowditch is a 92-foot (28 m) high-speed catamaran that travels from Salem to Boston in 50 minutes from May to October and had its maiden voyage on June 22, 2006. The Salem Ferry is named after Nathaniel Bowditch, who was from Salem and wrote the American Practical Navigator.[75] Ridership increased every year from 2006 to 2010, when it peaked with 89,000, but in 2011 service was cut back because of the dramatic rise in fuel prices.[76][77] The Salem Ferry is docked at the Derby Waterfront District.[78]

The ferry was purchased by the City of Salem with the use of grant money that covered 90 percent of the $2.1 million purchase price.[79] Because of the cutback in service during the 2011 season, Mayor Kim Driscoll is now seeking a new operator who can run the ferry seven days a week from May to October.[80]

For the 2012 season Boston Harbor Cruises took over the running of the Salem Ferry with seven-day service and a Monday to Friday 7 a.m. commuter ferry to Boston.[81] The Salem Ferry will be running seven days a week for the 2012 season starting the first weekend in June and going through to Halloween.[82]

Boston Harbor Cruises, the contractor that operates the city's commuter ferry to Boston, runs their largest and fastest vessel between Salem and Hingham for the last two weekends in October. The company's high-speed ferry service to Provincetown concludes in October, freeing up its 600-passenger boat for service between Salem and Hingham. The ferry ride between Hingham and Salem takes one hour. With traffic, especially around Halloween, the drive between Salem and Hingham could be three hours or more.[83][84]

For the 2013 season, service was expected to start in the last week of May. The Salem City councilors approved a five-year contract with Boston Harbor Cruises to operate the city's commuter ferry from 2013 to 2017.[85] Also new for the 2013 season, Boston Harbor Cruises will offer a 20 percent discount to Salem residents for non-commuter tickets. The City of Salem has approved a seasonal restaurant with a liquor license at The Salem Ferry dock to be operated by Boston Harbor Cruises. The plan is to build a 600-square-foot (56 m2) building plus patio seating.[86]

The latest data from 2015 point to 61,000 riders, with around 11,000 being commuters,[87] according to Boston Harbor Cruises, which runs the Salem Ferry.[78]

Electric car charge program edit

Salem has eight stations where drivers can charge their electric cars. Four are located at the Museum Place Mall near the Peabody Essex Museum and the other four are in the South Harbor garage across the street from the Salem Waterfront Hotel.[88] The program started in January 2013 and will be free of charge for two years, allowing people to charge their electric cars and other electric vehicles for up to six hours. This program was paid for by a grant from the state of Massachusetts due to Salem's status as a Massachusetts Green Community.[89]

Healthcare edit

North Shore Medical Center (NSMC) edit

North Shore Medical Center (NSMC) is located in Salem and is the second largest community hospital system in Massachusetts. It offers comprehensive medical and surgical services and includes emergency/trauma departments, advanced cardiac surgery, and a birthplace. It includes NSMC Salem Hospital and NSMC Union Hospital, as well as outpatient care and urgent care. NSMC's medical staff includes nearly 600 affiliated physicians representing primary care, family practice and 50 additional sub-specialties.

The Salem NSMC is a general medical and surgical hospital, which has 395 beds. The hospital had 19,467 admissions in the latest year for which data are available. It performed 4,409 annual inpatient and 7,955 outpatient surgeries. Its emergency department had 90,149 visits in 2012. The helipad at North Shore Medical Center is a helicopter transportation hub, with multiple daily flights to hospitals all over Boston.[90][91]

Captain John Bertram (1796–1882) lived in Salem and is the founder of Salem Hospital, which was later renamed North Shore Medical Center (NSMC). In 1873, Captain John Bertram gave a gift of $25,000 in cash, plus a brick mansion on Charter Street to create Salem Hospital. From the original building on Charter Street, Salem Hospital moved to the current location on Highland Avenue in 1917. After John Bertram died in March 1882, his widow donated their home, a mansion built in the High Style Italianate with brick and brownstone for materials at 370 Essex Street,[92] and this became the Salem Public Library.[93] In addition, the John Bertram House is now a home for the elderly.[94]

Waterfront redevelopment edit

 
Map of Salem and Harbor, 1883

The first step in the redevelopment was in 2006, when the State of Massachusetts gave Salem $1,000,000.[95] The lion's share of the money—$750,000—was earmarked for acquisition of the Blaney Street landing, the private, 2-acre (8,100 m2) site off Derby Street used by the ferry, and Salem Harbor. Another $200,000 was approved for the design of the new Salem wharf, a large pier planned for the landing, which officials said could be used by small cruise ships, commercial vessels and fishing boats. In June 2012, the $1.75 million was awarded by the state of Massachusetts and will launch a first phase of dredging and construction of a 100-foot (30 m) extension of the pier; a harborwalk to improve pedestrian access; and other lighting, landscaping and paving improvements. Dredging will allow the city to attract other ferries, excursion vessels and cruise ships of up to 250 feet (76 m).[96]

In October 2010, Mayor Driscoll announced that the city would formally acquire the Blaney Street parcel from Dominion Energy,[97] paving the way for the Salem Wharf project. The City of Salem secured $1.25 million from the Massachusetts Seaport Advisory Council and $2.5 million in federal grant dollars to move forward with the construction of the project. The city acquired the parcel with the help of a $1.7 million grant received from the Seaport Advisory Council.[98]

The City of Salem's plans call for a total build-out of the current Blaney Street pier, known as the Salem Wharf project. When finished, the Blaney Street pier will be home to small to medium-sized cruise ships, commercial vessels and the Salem Ferry. This project is fully engineered and permitted.[99]

In 2010, in early phase work to be finished for the 2011 season, a contractor was running underground utility cables and erecting an interim terminal building that will be used by the Salem Ferry, replacing the current trailer. The building will have an indoor bathroom—a first at the ferry landing—along with a waiting room and possibly an outdoor area with awnings. Also new for 2011 is a paved lot with about 140 parking spaces replacing the existing dirt parking lot.

Also in 2011, construction crews were building a long seawall at the Blaney Street landing, which runs from the edge of the ferry dock back toward Derby Street and along an inner harbor. This is one of the early and key pieces of the Salem Pier, which the city hopes to have completed by 2014 and is the key to eventually bring cruise ships to Salem.[100][101]

At the end of the 2011 season of the Salem Ferry, in the late fall of 2011, after the ferry season ended, contractors were to start building the first section of the T-shaped, 350-foot (110 m) pier. Work on that phase was scheduled to be completed by the fall of 2012. As of April 2011, the City of Salem had secured half of the $20 million and still needed to secure about $10 million in state and federal funds to complete this waterfront pier.[102]

Salem Harbor Power Station edit

 
Original Salem Harbor Station in 2012

In May 2011, after years of legal battles, protests, and one recent fatal accident, the owner of the Salem Harbor Power Station announced it will close down the facility permanently.[103] Salem Harbor Station was a 60-year-old power plant that was owned by Dominion of Virginia. With the approval of ISO New England, the 60-year-old coal and oil-fired plant closed for good in June 2014.

The City of Salem was awarded a $200,000 grant from the Clean Energy Center prior to the closure of the plant. This grant money is being used to plan for the eventual re-use of the property.[104] The City of Salem reached out to state and federal officials to ask for their cooperation and assistance in planning for the future and to provide money, in an effort to clean up the 62-acre site.[105]

 
The original coal plant (at left) being demolished in 2016, as the single smokestack of the new plant rises

Footprint Power,[106] a startup New Jersey-based energy company, announced on June 29, 2012, that it had signed an agreement to acquire Salem Harbor Station from Dominion Energy of Virginia.[107] Footprint Power planned to demolish the 63-acre waterfront site that has towering smokestacks, a coal pile, and oil tanks. A city study estimated cleanup costs at more than $50 million. The final plan was to develop a new state-of-the-art natural gas plant on one-third of the original site, reportedly along the Fort Avenue side near the city's ferry landing. The remainder of the waterfront property eventually will be used for commercial and industrial redevelopment, the company said. "The transition will not only stabilize our property tax base, but also provide cleaner, more efficient and reliable energy." Footprint said its plans are consistent with the recommendations of a city study completed earlier that year on the future use of the power plant site.[108] The City of Salem required Footprint to demolish the existing plant and stacks. "We will restore some 30 to 40 acres of our waterfront to its vibrant and prosperous past." Mayor Kim Driscoll said she had not "detailed" talks yet with Footprint, but is encouraged by discussions so far.[109] Beginning in December 2013, there were many appeals under way from various groups who did not want the plant rebuilt. The main opponent that fought in court was the Conservation Law Foundation,[110] a leading environmental advocacy group intent on blocking the plant from being built.[111]

Demographics edit

See also: List of Massachusetts locations by per capita income
Historical population
YearPop.±%
1635900—    
17654,427+391.9%
17765,337+20.6%
17907,921+48.4%
18009,457+19.4%
181012,613+33.4%
182012,731+0.9%
183013,895+9.1%
184015,082+8.5%
185020,264+34.4%
186022,252+9.8%
187024,117+8.4%
188027,563+14.3%
189030,801+11.7%
190035,956+16.7%
191043,697+21.5%
192042,529−2.7%
193043,353+1.9%
194041,213−4.9%
195041,880+1.6%
196039,211−6.4%
197040,556+3.4%
198038,220−5.8%
199038,091−0.3%
200040,407+6.1%
201041,340+2.3%
202044,480+7.6%
202244,722+0.5%

Source: United States census records and Population Estimates Program data.[112][113][114][115][116][117][118][119][120][121][122][123][124]
Source:
U.S. Decennial Census[125]

Throughout the colonial period and thereafter, Salem was one of the largest municipalities in the United States; as late as the 1820 census, Salem was ranked in the top ten cities in the country by population, and would not drop out of the top 100 until the 20th century.[126]

As of the census[127] of 2010, there were 41,340 people, 19,130 households, and 9,708 families residing in the city. The population density was 4,986.0 inhabitants per square mile (1,925.1/km2). There were 18,175 housing units at an average density of 2,242.7 per square mile (865.9/km2). The racial makeup of the city was 81.5% White, 4.9% African American, 0.2% Native American, 2.6% Asian, 0.1% Pacific Islander, 6.7% from other races, and 2.5% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 15.6% of the population (9.1% Dominican, 2.9% Puerto Rican, 0.5% Mexican, 0.3% Guatemalan).[128] Non-Hispanic Whites were 75.9% of the population in 2010,[128] compared to 95.9% in 1980.[129]

There were 17,492 households, out of which 24.2% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 38.8% were married couples living together, 13.3% had a female householder with no husband present, and 44.5% were non-families. Of all households 34.9% were made up of individuals, and 11.5% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.24 and the average family size was 2.95.

In the city, the population was spread out, with 20.2% under the age of 18, 10.4% from 18 to 24, 33.4% from 25 to 44, 21.9% from 45 to 64, and 14.1% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 36 years. For every 100 females, there were 86.5 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 83.5 males.

The median income for a household in the city was $44,033, and the median income for a family was $55,635. Males had a median income of $38,563 versus $31,374 for females. The per capita income for the city was $23,857. About 6.3% of families and 9.7% of the population were below the poverty line, including 12.2% of those under age 18 and 7.9% of those age 65 or over.

Government edit

Salem is represented in the state legislature by officials elected from the following districts:

Education edit

Salem State University edit

Salem State University[132] is the largest of the nine schools comprising the state university system in Massachusetts (the five University of Massachusetts campuses are a separate system), with 7,500 undergraduates and 2,500 graduate students;[133] its five campuses encompass 115 acres (0.47 km2) and include 33 buildings. The Salem State Foundation hosts an annual lecture series, featuring high-profile speakers from around the world.[134][135] was originally built in the 1950s and in January 2014 a $18,600,000 project was announced with development.[136][137][138]

The university was founded in 1854 as the Salem Normal School (for teacher training) based on the educational principles espoused by Horace Mann, considered to be the "Father of American Public Education."[139]

Salem State University enrolls over 10,000 undergraduate and graduate students representing 27 states and 57 foreign countries and is one of the largest state universities in the Commonwealth of Massachusetts. The university also offers Continuing Education courses for credit or non-credit. Situated on five campuses totaling 115 acres (0.47 km2). Currently, the university houses 2,000 students in its five residence facilities. In 2013 the $74 million, 122,000-square-foot library is going to open on the Salem State University campus.[140] The new library will have more than 150 public computers and 1,000 seats of study space, from tables and desks to lounge chairs scattered throughout the building.[141]

On July 28, 2010 Governor of Massachusetts Deval Patrick signed into law a bill that transforms Salem State College into Salem State University.[142]

Salem State University plans to build a $36 to $42 million dorm for 350 to 400 students. Construction starts in the spring of 2014.[143][144] In April 2014, Salem State University announced a $25,000,000 fund, and at the time of the announcement, there was already $15,000,000 committed from donations and the money will be used for a variety of things from expanding international study programs, more faculty, brand new computers, scholarships and continued support of professional development for the staff.[145]

Primary and secondary education edit

Public elementary schools include the Bates, Carlton, Horace Mann, Saltonstall and Witchcraft Heights schools. Collins Middle School is located on Highland Avenue.[146]

Horace Mann and Salem High School are located on Wilson Street. The Nathaniel Bowditch School closed in 2018 and the Horace Mann School relocated to their previous location. Salem Academy Charter School and Bentley Academy Charter School are also public schools.[146] Private schools are also located in the city, including two independent, alternative schools, The Phoenix School[147] and the Greenhouse School.

In late 2007 and early 2008, the city's public school system garnered regional and even national attention after officials announced a $4.7 million budget shortfall that threatened the jobs of teachers and other staff members. The Massachusetts General Court passed legislation, and residents raised enough money, which averted teacher layoffs. Several dozen support workers were still laid off.[148] Police were investigating what happened to the money in a search for criminal violations of the law.[149]

Salem also once had a very strong Roman Catholic school system. Once home to almost a dozen schools, the last school in the city, St. Joseph School, closed in July 2009 after over 100 years of providing Catholic education. St. James High School, St. Chretienne Academy, St. Chretienne Grammar School and St. Mary's School closed in 1971, St. James Grammar School closed in 1972, St. Thomas the Apostle School closed in 1973, St. Anne School closed in 1976, St. John the Baptist School closed in 1977 and St. Joseph High School closed in 1980.[150]

Tourism edit

See also: Chestnut Street District and Salem Maritime National Historic Site

Historic homes edit

The Pickman House, built c. 1664, abuts the Witch Memorial and Burying Point Cemetery, the second oldest burying ground in the United States.

The Gedney House is a historic house museum built c. 1665 and is the 2nd oldest house in Salem.

One of the most popular houses in Salem is The Witch House, the only structure in Salem with direct ties to the Salem witch trials of 1692. The Witch House is owned and operated by the City of Salem as a historic house museum.[151]

Hamilton Hall is located on Chestnut Street, where many grand mansions can be traced to the roots of the Old China Trade. Hamilton Hall was built in 1805 by Samuel McIntire and is considered one of his best pieces. It was declared a National Historic Landmark by the National Park Service in 1970.

Witch-related tourism edit

In recent years, tourism has been an occasional source of debate in the city, with some residents arguing the city should downplay witch tourism and market itself as a more upscale cultural center. In 2005, the conflict came to a head over plans by the cable television network TV Land to erect a bronze statue of Elizabeth Montgomery, who played the comic witch "Samantha" in the 1960s series Bewitched.[152] A few special episodes of the series were actually filmed in Salem, and TV Land said that the statue commemorated the 35th anniversary of those episodes. The statue was sculpted by StudioEIS under the direction of brothers Elliott and Ivan Schwartz. Many felt the statue was good fun and appropriate to a city that promotes itself as "The Witch City", and contains a street named "Witch Way". Others objected to the use of public property for what was transparently commercial promotion.[153]

There is also a memorial to the victims of the infamous Witch Trials at Proctor's Ledge, the execution site from that time. The memorial is "meant to be a place of reflection" for the city.[154]

Other tourist attractions edit

 
The Friendship of Salem[155] replica docked off of Derby Street

In 2000, the replica tall ship Friendship of Salem was finished and sailed to Salem Harbor, where she sits today. The Friendship of Salem[156] is a reconstruction of a 171-foot (52 m) three-masted East Indiaman trading ship, originally built in 1797, which traveled the world over a dozen times and returned to Salem after each voyage with goods from all over the world. The original was taken by the British during the War of 1812, then stripped and sold in pieces.[157][158][159]

In 2006, with the assistance of a 1.6 million dollar grant and additional funds provided by the City of Salem,[citation needed] Mayor Driscoll launched The Nathaniel Bowditch, a 92-foot catamaran with a top speed of 30 knots which makes the trip between Salem and Boston in just under an hour.[81][82][83][85][86]

Waterfront redevelopment – The first step in the redevelopment was in 2006, when the State of Massachusetts gave Salem $1,000,000.[95] Bowditch, who was born in Salem and had a home on North Street, is considered the founder of modern maritime navigation. His book, Bowditch's American Practical Navigator, first published in 1802, is still carried on board every commissioned U.S. naval vessel.[citation needed]

The original Fame was a fast Chebacco fishing schooner that was reborn as a privateer when war broke out in the summer of 1812. She was arguably the first American privateer to bring home a prize, and she made 20 more captures before being wrecked in the Bay of Fundy in 1814.

The new Fame is a full-scale replica of this famous schooner. Framed and planked of white oak and trunnel-fastened in the traditional manner, the replica of Fame was launched in 2003. She is now based at Salem's Pickering Wharf Marina, where she takes the paying public for cruises on Salem Sound.[160]

Salem Harborwalk opened in July 2010 to celebrate the rebirth of the Salem waterfront as a source of recreation for visitors as well as the local community. The 1,100-foot (340 m) walkway extends from the area of the Salem Fire Station to the Salem Waterfront Hotel.[161][162]

 
The Peabody Essex Museum

The Peabody Essex Museum is a leading museum of Asian art and culture and early American maritime trade and whaling; its collections of Indian, Japanese, Korean, and Chinese art, and in particular Chinese export porcelain, are among the finest in the country. Founded in 1799, it is one of the oldest continuously operating museums in the United States.[163] The museum owns and exhibits a number of historic houses in downtown Salem. In 2003, it completed a massive $100 million renovation and expansion, designed by architect Moshe Safdie, and moved a 200-year-old 16-room Chinese home from Xiuning County in southeastern China to the grounds of the museum.[164]

In 2011, the Peabody Essex Museum announced it had raised $550 million with plans to raise an additional $100 million by 2016.[4] The Boston Globe reported this was the largest capital campaign in the museum's history vaulting the Peabody Essex into the top tier of major art museums.[5] The Peabody Essex Museum trustees co-chairs Sam Byrne and Sean Healey with board president Robert Shapiro led the campaign.[6]$200 to $250 million will fund the museum's 175,000-square-foot expansion bringing the total square footage to 425,000 square feet.[165]

The Misery Islands is a nature reserve located in Salem Sound that was established in 1935. It is managed by the Trustees of Reservations. The islands' name come from shipbuilder Robert Moulton who was stranded on the islands during a winter storm in the 1620s. The islands, in the past, have been home to a club with a golf course and about two dozen cottages. The islands are now uninhabited.[166]

The Pioneer Village, created in 1930, was America's first living-history museum. The site features a three-acre re-creation of a Puritan village and allows visitors the opportunity to participate in activities from the lives of Salem's earliest English settlers.[167]

 
Old Salem Jail after renovations

The Old Salem Jail, an active correctional facility until 1991, once housed captured British soldiers from the War of 1812. It contains the main jail building (built in 1813, renovated in 1884), the jail keeper's house (1813) and a barn (also about 1813). The jail was shuttered in 1991 when Essex County opened its new facility in Middleton. In 2010, a $12 million renovation was completed.[168] One feature of the reconstruction is the jail keeper's house, a three-story brick, Federal-period building originally built in 1813. The project went into a long phase of stagnation when in 1999 the county government was dissolved, resulting in the sale of Salem Jail by the Commonwealth of Massachusetts to the City of Salem for $1.[169] The Old Salem Jail complex was renamed 50 Saint Peter Street and is now private property, with private residences.[170]

 
Salem Willows

Salem Willows is an oceanfront neighborhood and amusement park. It is named for the European white willow trees planted there in 1801 to form a shaded walk for patients convalescing at a nearby smallpox hospital. The area became a public park in 1858, and in the twentieth century became a summer destination for residents of Boston's North Shore, many of whom escaped the heat of the city on newly popular streetcars. The beaches are also a common place to watch the 4th of July fireworks since you can see three sets of fireworks; Salem, Beverly, and Marblehead. The Willows also has a famous popcorn stand, Hobbs, which is known around the North Shore as one of the best places to get popcorn and ice cream.

In 1855, located on 210 Essex Street, was founded the Salem Five Cents Bank, one of the oldest still functioning American banks. [171]

Points of interest edit

 
Naturalization ceremony on the stairs of the Custom House, Salem Maritime National Historic Site
See also: National Register of Historic Places listings in Salem, Massachusetts

Salem points of interest edit

Notable people edit

Sister cities edit

See also edit

Notes edit

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  5. ^ a b Peabody Essex vaults into top tier by raising $550 million 2012-07-09 at the Wayback Machine, Boston Globe, November 6, 2011.
  6. ^ a b PEM announces $650 million advancement 2013-01-26 at the Wayback Machine, Peabody Essex Museum press release, November 7, 2011.
  7. ^ Peabody Essex Museum Collections. Peabody Essex Museum. 1999. ISBN 978-0-88389-111-7.
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Citations edit

  • Perley, Sidney. . Full images at University of Virginia eText Center and the Salem Witch Trial Documentary Archive and Transcription Project.
  • .
  • Saunders, Jonathan P. .
  • Beer, D. G. 1872 Atlas of Essex County .
  • Walker, George H. 1884 Atlas of Essex County .
  • Various .
  • Hopkins, C. M. . Published in 1874.
  • Sanborn Map Co. Map of Salem Showing Area Destroyed by Fire June 25, 1914.
  • Atlas of Salem for 1890–1903 . .
  • 1897 Atlas of Salem Massachusetts .
  • Walker. .
  • .
  • . Published 1916, 1918, 1924, 1925. Transcribed and put online by John Slaugher.

Sources edit

  • Buckingham, Joseph Tinker (1850). Specimens of newspaper literature: with personal memoirs, anecdotes, and reminiscences. Vol. I. Boston : Charles C. Little and James Brown.
  • Dilworth, Richardson (September 13, 2011). Cities in American Political History. SAGE Publications. ISBN 978-0-8728-9911-7. from the original on April 18, 2022.
  • Thomas, Isaiah (1874). The history of printing in America, with a biography of printers. Vol. I. New York, B. Franklin.

Further reading edit

See also: Bibliography of the history of Salem, Massachusetts
  • Booth, Robert (2011). Death of an empire: the rise and murderous fall of Salem, America's richest city. New York: Thomas Dunne Books. ISBN 978-0-312-54038-8.
  • Goff, John, , Salem Gazette, GateHouse News Service story, December 29, 2007
  • Hoffer, Peter Charles (1996). The Devil's Disciples: Makers of the Salem Witchcraft Trials. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press. ISBN 978-0-8018-5200-8.
  • Morris, Richard J. (December 2000). "Redefining the Economic Elite in Salem, Massachusetts, 1759–1799: A Tale of Evolution, Not Revolution". The New England Quarterly. 73 (4): 603–624. doi:10.2307/366584. JSTOR 366584.
  • National Park Service, "Salem Maritime Salem Maritime National Historic Site: Official Map and Guide" 2016-01-13 at the Wayback Machine, United States Department of the Interior
  • Nevins, Winfield S. (1994). The Witches of Salem. Stamford: Longmeadow Press. ISBN 978-0-6810-0603-4. (originally published in 1892)
  • Norton, Mary Beth (2002). In the Devil's Snare: The Salem Witchcraft Crisis of 1692. New York: Alfred A. Knopf. ISBN 0-375-40709-X.
  • Saville, Susanne (2010). Hidden History of Salem. Charleston, SC: The History Press. ISBN 978-1-59629-062-4.[permanent dead link]
  • Schwartz, George H. Collecting the Globe: The Salem East India Marine Society Museum (Amherst: University of Massachusetts Press, 2020) online review
  • Smith, Bonnie Hurd (2000). . Salem, MA: Salem Chamber of Commerce. Archived from the original on June 23, 2013.
  • Smith-Dalton, Maggi (2012). A history of spiritualism and the occult in Salem: the rise of witch city. Charleston, SC: History Press. ISBN 978-1-60949-551-0. OCLC 808684425.
  • Smith-Dalton, Maggi (Salem History Society) "Stories & shadows from Salem's past : Naumkeag notations", American Chronicles Series, Charleston, SC : History Press, 2010.https://www.worldcat.org/title/stories-shadows-from-salems-past-naumkeag-notations/oclc/642511300&referer=brief_results
  • Vickers, Daniel, and Vince Walsh. "Young men and the sea: The sociology of seafaring in eighteenth‐century Salem, Massachusetts", Social history (1999) 24#1 pp: 17–38.
  • Wagner, E.J., "A Murder in Salem" 2011-12-17 at the Wayback Machine, Smithsonian magazine, November 2010

External links edit

 
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Salem, Massachusetts.
 
Wikisource has the text of an 1879 American Cyclopædia article about Salem, Massachusetts.
 
Wikivoyage has a travel guide for Salem (Massachusetts).
  • Official website
  • salem.org
  • salemweb.com
  • The Cabot Family 2019-04-08 at the Wayback Machine
  • "Salem, a city and one of the county-seats (Lawrence is the other) of Essex county, Massachusetts" . Encyclopædia Britannica (11th ed.). 1911.

January 01, 1970
salem, massachusetts, salem, ləm, historic, coastal, city, essex, county, massachusetts, united, states, located, north, shore, greater, boston, continuous, settlement, europeans, began, 1626, with, english, colonists, salem, most, significant, seaports, tradi. Salem ˈ s eɪ l e m SAY lem is a historic coastal city in Essex County Massachusetts United States located on the North Shore of Greater Boston Continuous settlement by Europeans began in 1626 with English colonists Salem was one of the most significant seaports trading commodities in early American history Prior to the dissolution of county governments in Massachusetts in 1999 it served as one of two county seats for Essex County alongside Lawrence 3 SalemCityLeft right from top Federal Street District House of Seven Gables Custom House Peabody Essex MuseumFlagSealNickname s The Witch City The City of Witches Pleasure CityMotto Divitis Indiae usque ad ultimum sinum Latin To the farthest port of the rich Indies Location in Essex County MassachusettsSalemLocation in the United StatesCoordinates 42 31 10 N 70 53 50 W 42 51944 N 70 89722 W 42 51944 70 89722Country United StatesStateMassachusettsCountyEssexSettled1626Incorporated1629City1836Founded byRoger ConantGovernment TypeMayor council city MayorDominick PangalloArea 1 Total18 30 sq mi 47 40 km2 Land8 29 sq mi 21 48 km2 Water10 01 sq mi 25 92 km2 Elevation26 ft 8 m Population 2020 Total44 480 Density5 362 91 sq mi 2 070 66 km2 Time zoneUTC 5 Eastern Summer DST UTC 4 Eastern ZIP Code01970Area code s 351 978FIPS code25 59105GNIS feature ID0614337Websitewww wbr salem wbr com 2 Today Salem is a residential and tourist area that is home to the House of Seven Gables Salem State University Pioneer Village the Salem Maritime National Historic Site Salem Willows Park and the Peabody Essex Museum It features historic residential neighborhoods in the Federal Street District and the Charter Street Historic District 4 5 6 7 The city s population was 44 480 at the 2020 census 2 Salem is widely noted for the infamous Salem witch trials of 1692 Some of Salem s police cars are adorned with witch logos a public elementary school is known as Witchcraft Heights and the Salem High School athletic teams are named the Witches Gallows Hill Park was originally believed to be the site of the executions during the Witch Trials but in 2016 a site nearby called Proctor s Ledge was identified as the true site of the executions 8 Gallows Hill Park now serves as a town park with baseball fields tennis courts and other amenities Contents 1 History 1 1 Naumkeag 1 2 English colonization 1 3 Witchcraft Trials 1 4 American Revolution 1 5 Trade with the Pacific and Africa 1 6 Legacy of the East Indies and Old China Trade 2 Air Station and the National Guard 2 1 National Guard birthplace and architecture 3 Film literature and television in Salem 4 Geography 4 1 Climate 5 Transportation 5 1 Roads 5 2 Rail 5 3 Bus 5 4 Salem Skipper 5 5 Airports 5 6 The Salem Ferry 5 7 Electric car charge program 6 Healthcare 6 1 North Shore Medical Center NSMC 7 Waterfront redevelopment 8 Salem Harbor Power Station 9 Demographics 10 Government 11 Education 11 1 Salem State University 11 2 Primary and secondary education 12 Tourism 12 1 Historic homes 12 2 Witch related tourism 12 3 Other tourist attractions 13 Points of interest 13 1 Salem points of interest 14 Notable people 15 Sister cities 16 See also 17 Notes 18 Citations 19 Sources 20 Further reading 21 External linksHistory editFor a chronological guide see Timeline of Salem Massachusetts nbsp Statue of Roger Conant founder of Salem on North Washington Square nbsp Nathaniel Hawthorne by Bela Pratt nbsp Scene along the Salem waterfront c 1770 1780 Naumkeag edit Native Americans lived in northeastern Massachusetts for thousands of years prior to European colonization of the Americas The peninsula that would become Salem was known as Naumkeag alternate spellings Naemkeck 9 Nahumkek 10 Neumkeage 11 by the native people who lived there at the time of contact in the early 1600s Naumkeag was a major settlement for the indigenous group that controlled territory from the Merrimack to the Mystic rivers The English and other Europeans referred to them as the Naumkeag people There are probable indigenous settlement sites near the mouths of the North South and Forest rivers in Salem 12 The contact period was a disastrous time for the Naumkeag Many Naumkeag died in a war with the Tarrantine and as a result of a smallpox epidemic in 1617 1619 including their powerful sachem Nanepashemet The disease had probably been contracted by members who came into contact with European fishermen or explorers Their strength was reduced just prior to the arrival of English settlers in 1626 to what became modern day Salem In 1633 a second smallpox epidemic struck killing two of Nanepashemet s successors Montowompate and Wonohaquaham and leaving his remaining heir Wenepoykin scarred So it was that English settlers met little resistance on their arrival in Salem Although Wenepoykin would join Metacomet in King Philip s War in 1675 the English settlers at this point had the numerical superiority to defeat Metacomet s indigenous coalition It was not until 1686 when the Massachusetts Bay Colony Charter was recalled by the King in the creation of the Dominion of New England that Wenepoykin s heirs pressed their claim to the land of Salem for which they were paid twenty pounds 11 English colonization edit Colonists settled Naumkeag in 1626 when a company of fishermen 13 arrived from Cape Ann led by Roger Conant Conant s leadership provided the stability for the settlers to survive the first two years but John Endecott replaced him by order of the Massachusetts Bay Company Conant stepped aside and was granted 200 acres 0 81 km2 of land in compensation These New Planters and the Old Planters 13 14 agreed to cooperate because of the diplomacy of Conant and Endecott To recognize this peaceful transition to the new government the name of the settlement was changed to Salem the hellenized name of Shalem ש ל ם the royal city of Melchizedek which is identified with Jerusalem 15 16 In 1628 Endecott ordered that the Great House be moved from Cape Ann reassembling it on Washington Street north of Church Street 17 Francis Higginson wrote that we found a faire house newly built for the Governor which was remarkable for being two stories high 18 A year later the Massachusetts Bay Charter was issued creating the Massachusetts Bay Colony with Matthew Craddock as its governor in London and Endecott as its governor in the colony 19 John Winthrop was elected Governor in late 1629 and arrived with the Winthrop Fleet in 1630 one of the many events that began the Puritan Great Migration 20 In 1639 Endecott among others signed the building contract for enlarging the meeting house in Town House Square for the first church in Salem This document remains part of the town records at City Hall He was active in the affairs of the town throughout his life Samuel Skelton was the first pastor of the First Church of Salem which is the original Puritan church in America 21 22 Endecott already had a close relationship with Skelton having been converted by him and Endecott considered him as his spiritual father 23 24 nbsp Title page of A Modest Enquiry Into the Nature of Witchcraft by John Hale Boston 1702 Salem s harbor was defended by Fort Miller in Marblehead from 1632 to 1865 and by Fort Pickering on Winter Island from 1643 to 1865 25 During the 17th and 18th centuries Salem was involved in the Atlantic slave trade surpassing Boston in terms of the town s engagement with the triangular trade Beginning in 1701 there was a steady political and social effort in Massachusetts to end slavery and by 1770 the practice was all but eliminated with many slaves winning their freedom 26 In 1768 Samuel Hall established Salem s first print shop and founded The Essex Gazette Salem s first newspaper and the third to emerge in Massachusetts 27 28 Witchcraft Trials edit One of the most widely known aspects of Salem is its history of witchcraft allegations which started with Abigail Williams Betty Parris and their friends playing with a Venus glase amp an Egg to learn what trade their sweet harts should be of 29 The infamous Salem Witch Trials began in 1692 and 19 people were executed by hanging because of the false accusations Giles Corey was pressed to death for refusing to plead innocent or guilty thus avoiding the noose and instead dying an innocent man 30 Salem is also significant in legal history as the site of the Dorothy Talbye Trial where a mentally ill woman was hanged for murdering her daughter because Massachusetts made no distinction at the time between insanity and criminal behavior 31 William Hathorne was a prosperous entrepreneur in early Salem and became one of its leading citizens He led troops to victory in King Philip s War served as a magistrate on the highest court and was chosen as the first speaker of the House of Deputies He was a zealous advocate of the personal rights of freemen against royal emissaries and agents 32 33 His son Judge John Hathorne came to prominence in the late 17th century when witchcraft was a serious felony Judge Hathorne is the best known of the witch trial judges and he became known as the Hanging Judge for sentencing accused witches to death 34 35 American Revolution edit On February 26 1775 patriots raised the drawbridge at the North River on North Street preventing British Colonel Alexander Leslie and his 300 troops of the 64th Regiment of Foot from seizing stores and ammunition hidden in North Salem Both parties came to an agreement and no blood was shed that day but war broke out at Lexington and Concord soon after A group of prominent merchants with ties to Salem published a statement retracting what some interpreted as Loyalist leanings and professing their dedication to the American cause including Francis Cabot 36 William Pynchon Thomas Barnard E A Holyoke and William Pickman 37 nbsp Salem Harbor oil on canvas Fitz Hugh Lane 1853 Museum of Fine Arts Boston During the American Revolutionary War the town became a center for privateering The documentation is incomplete but about 1 700 Letters of Marque were granted during that time issued on a per voyage basis Nearly 800 vessels were commissioned as privateers and are credited with capturing or destroying about 600 British ships 38 Privateering resumed during the War of 1812 Trade with the Pacific and Africa edit Further information East India Marine Society Following the American Revolution many ships used as privateers were too large for short voyages in the coasting trade 39 and their owners determined to open new avenues of trade to distant countries The young men of the town fresh from service on the armed ships of Salem were eager to embark in such ventures Captain Nathaniel Silsbee his first mate Charles Derby and second mate Richard J Cleveland were not yet twenty years old when they set sail on a nineteen month voyage that was perhaps the first from the newly independent America to the East Indies In 1795 Captain Jonathan Carnes set sail for Sumatra in the Malay Archipelago on his secret voyage for pepper Nothing was heard from him until eighteen months later when he entered Salem harbor with a cargo of pepper in bulk the first to be so imported into the country and which sold at the extraordinary profit of seven hundred per cent 40 The Empress of China formerly a privateer was refitted as the first American ship to sail from New York to China By 1790 Salem had become the sixth largest city in the country and a world famous seaport particularly in the China Trade It had a large cod fishing industry conducted off the Newfoundland Banks It exported codfish to Europe and the West Indies imported sugar and molasses from the West Indies tea from China and products depicted on the city seal from the East Indies in particular Sumatran pepper Salem ships also visited Africa in the slave trade Zanzibar in particular They also traveled to Russia Japan and Australia The sail frigate USS Essex was built at one of Enos Briggs s shipyards on Winter Island in 1799 41 42 The neutrality of the United States was tested during the Napoleonic Wars After the Chesapeake Leopard affair Congress passed the Embargo Act of 1807 President Thomas Jefferson closed all ports an economic blow to the seaport town of Salem The embargo was the starting point on the path to the War of 1812 Both the United Kingdom and France imposed trade restrictions to weaken each other s economies This disrupted American trade and tested the United States neutrality Royal Navy ships frequently interdicted U S merchant ships trading with France and seized their goods and at times would impress American sailors 43 nbsp Map of Salem c 1820 The Federal period 1788 1845 marks the beginning of U S international relations 44 Salem had established trade relations with merchants in distant lands which were a source of livelihood and prosperity for many Charles Endicott master of Salem merchantman Friendship returned in 1831 to report Sumatran natives had plundered his ship murdering the first officer and two crewmen Following public outcry President Andrew Jackson ordered the Potomac on the First Sumatran Expedition which departed New York City on August 19 1831 In another direction diplomat Edmund Roberts negotiated a treaty with Said bin Sultan Sultan of Muscat and Oman on September 21 1833 45 In 1837 the sultan moved his main place of residence to Zanzibar and welcomed Richard Waters a resident of Salem as a United States consul of the early years 43 Legacy of the East Indies and Old China Trade edit Further information Peabody Academy of Science The Old China Trade left a significant mark in two historic districts Chestnut Street District part of the Samuel McIntire Historic District containing 407 buildings and the Salem Maritime National Historic Site comprising 12 historic structures and about 9 acres 36 000 m2 of land along the waterfront in Salem Elias Hasket Derby was among the wealthiest and most celebrated of post Revolutionary merchants in Salem Derby was also the owner of the Grand Turk the first New England vessel to trade with China and the second after the Empress of China to sail from the United States Thomas H Perkins was his supercargo and established strong ties with the Chinese and garnered the Forbes fortune through his illegal opium sales Salem was incorporated as a city on March 23 1836 46 and adopted a city seal in 1839 with the motto Divitis Indiae usque ad ultimum sinum Latin for To the rich East Indies until the last lap Nathaniel Hawthorne was overseer of Salem s port from 1846 until 1849 He worked in the U S Custom House across the street from the port 47 near Pickering Wharf his setting for the beginning of The Scarlet Letter In 1858 an amusement park was established at Juniper Point a peninsula jutting into the harbor Prosperity left the city with a wealth of fine architecture including Federal style mansions designed by one of America s first architects Samuel McIntire for whom the city s largest historic district is named These homes and mansions now make up the greatest concentrations of notable pre 1900 domestic structures in the United States Shipping declined throughout the 19th century Boston and New York City eclipsed Salem and its silting harbor Consequently the city turned to manufacturing Industries included tanneries shoe factories and the Naumkeag Steam Cotton Company The Great Salem Fire of 1914 destroyed over 400 homes and left 3 500 families homeless but spared the historic concentration of Federal architecture on Chestnut Street A memorial plaque on a drugstore building marks the former site of the Korn Leather Factory which burned in the fire Air Station and the National Guard edit nbsp Coast Guard Air Station patch Coast Guard Air Station Salem was established on February 15 1935 when the United States Coast Guard opened a new seaplane facility in Salem because there was no space to expand the Gloucester Air Station at Ten Pound Island Coast Guard Air Station Salem was located on Winter Island an extension of Salem Neck which juts out into Salem Harbor Search and rescue hunting for derelicts and medical evacuations were the station s primary areas of responsibility During its first year of operation Salem crews performed 26 medical evacuations They flew in all kinds of weather and the radio direction capabilities of the aircraft were of significant value in locating vessels in distress During World War II 1939 1945 air crews from Salem flew neutrality patrols along the coast and the Air Station roster grew to 37 aircraft Anti submarine patrols flew regularly In October 1944 Air Station Salem was designated as the first Air Sea Rescue station on the eastern seaboard The Martin PBM Mariner a hold over from the war became the primary rescue aircraft In the mid 1950s helicopters came as did Grumman HU 16 Albatross amphibious flying boats UFs The air station s missions included search and rescue law enforcement counting migratory waterfowl for the U S Biological Survey and assisting icebound islands by delivering provisions 48 49 The station s surviving facilities are part of Salem s Winter Island Marine Park Salem Harbor was deep enough to host a seadrome with three sea lanes offering a variety of take off headings irrespective of wind direction unless there was a strong steady wind from the east This produced enormous waves that swept into the mouth of the harbor and hampered water operations When the seadrome was too rough returning amphibian aircraft used the Naval Auxiliary Air Facility Beverly Salem Air Station moved to Cape Cod in 1970 In 2011 the City of Salem completed plans for the 30 acre 12 ha Winter Island Park 50 and squared off against residents who are against bringing two power generating windmills to the tip of Winter Island 51 The Renewable Energy Task Force along with the Energy and Sustainability Manager Paul Marquis have recommended the construction of a 1 5 megawatt power turbine at the tip of Winter Island 52 which is the furthest point from residences and where the winds are the strongest 53 The 30 acre park has been open to the public since the early 1970s In 2011 a master plan was developed with help from the planning and design firm Cecil Group of Boston and Bioengineering Group of Salem The City of Salem paid 45 000 in federal money 54 In the long term the projected cost to rehabilitate just the barracks was 1 5 million But in the short term there are multiple lower cost items like a proposed 15 000 kayak dock or 50 000 to relocate and improve the bathhouse This is a very important project since Fort Pickering guarded Salem Harbor as far back as the 17th century 55 National Guard birthplace and architecture edit nbsp First Muster Spring 1637 Massachusetts Bay Colony In 1637 the first muster was held on Salem Common where for the first time a regiment of militia drilled for the common defense of a multi community area 56 thus laying the foundation for what became the Army National Guard In 1637 the General Court of the Massachusetts Bay Colony ordered the organization of the Colony s militia companies into the North South and East Regiments The colonists adopted the English militia system which obligated men between the ages of 16 and 60 to own arms and take part in the community s defense 57 58 Each April the Second Corps of Cadets gather in front of St Peter s Episcopal Church where the body of their founder Stephen Abbott is buried They lay a wreath play Taps and fire a 21 gun salute In another annual commemoration soldiers gather at Old Salem Armory to honor soldiers who were killed in the Battles of Lexington and Concord On April 14 2012 Salem celebrated the 375th anniversary of the first muster on Salem Common with more than 1 000 troops taking part in ceremonies and a parade 59 Samuel McIntire was one of the first architects in the United States and his work is a prime example of early Federal style architecture The Samuel McIntire Historic District is one of the largest concentrations of 17th and 18th century domestic structures in America 60 It includes McIntire commissions such as the Peirce Nichols House and Hamilton Hall The Witch House or Jonathan Corwin House c 1642 is also located in the district Samuel McIntire s house and workshop were located at 31 Summer Street in what is now the Samuel McIntire Historic District Film literature and television in Salem editThe silent movie Java Head was filmed on location in Salem in 1922 61 In June 1970 episode 205 of Bewitched was filmed in Salem Hocus Pocus was filmed in Salem which is also the setting of both the movie and its sequel Hocus Pocus 2 Sabrina The Teenage Witch filmed an episode in Salem and her black cat familiar was also named Salem In 2008 scenes from the film Bride Wars were filmed here 62 The 2012 Rob Zombie movie The Lords of Salem was set and filmed in Salem 63 64 Some interior and street scenes for 2013 s American Hustle were filmed on Federal St in Salem outside the Essex Superior Court House and Old Granite Courthouse 65 66 67 The comedy film Hubie Halloween starring Adam Sandler was filmed in Salem in 2019 68 69 70 The television series Motherland Fort Salem is based in this place but in an alternate reality or history Historic images of Salem nbsp Salem Depot 1910 nbsp Peabody House c 1905 nbsp Salem Harbor in 1907 nbsp Lafayette Street in 1910 nbsp Naumkeag Mills c 1910 nbsp Roger Williams House The Witch House c 1910 nbsp Sampler needlework made in Salem in 1791 Art Institute of Chicago textile collection nbsp Pickering House c 1905 nbsp Essex Street c 1920 nbsp Town House Square 1891Geography edit nbsp The Salem Ferry approaching its dock off Blaney Street Salem is located at 42 31 1 N 70 53 55 W 42 51694 N 70 89861 W 42 51694 70 89861 42 516845 70 898503 71 According to the United States Census Bureau the city has a total area of 18 1 square miles 47 km2 of which 8 1 square miles 21 km2 is land and 9 9 square miles 26 km2 or 55 09 is water Salem lies on Massachusetts Bay between Salem Harbor which divides the city from much of neighboring Marblehead to the southeast and Beverly Harbor which divides the city from Beverly along with the Danvers River which feeds into the harbor Between the two harbors lies Salem Neck and Winter Island which are divided from each other by Cat Cove Smith Pool located between the two land causeways to Winter Island and Juniper Cove The city is further divided by Collins Cove and the inlet to the North River The Forest River flows through the southern end of town along with Strong Water Brook which feeds Spring Pond at the town s southwestern corner The town has several parks as well as conservation land along the Forest River and Camp Lion which lies east of Spring Pond The city is divided by its natural features into several small neighborhoods The Salem Neck neighborhood lies northeast of downtown and North Salem lies to the west of it on the other side of the North River South Salem is south of the South River lying mostly along the banks of Salem Harbor southward Downtown Salem lies 15 miles 24 km northeast of Boston 16 miles 26 km southwest of Gloucester and Cape Ann and 19 miles 31 km southeast of Lawrence the other county seat of Essex County Salem is bordered by Beverly to the north Danvers to the northwest Peabody to the west Lynn to the south Swampscott to the southeast and Marblehead to the southeast The town s water rights extend along a channel into Massachusetts Bay between the water rights of Marblehead and Beverly Climate edit According to the Koppen climate classification Salem has either a hot summer humid continental climate abbreviated Dfa or a hot summer humid sub tropical climate abbreviated Cfa depending on the isotherm used Climate data for Salem 1991 2020 simulated normals 20 ft elevation Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year Mean daily maximum F C 36 7 2 6 38 8 3 8 45 0 7 2 54 7 12 6 64 2 17 9 73 6 23 1 79 3 26 3 78 4 25 8 72 3 22 4 61 7 16 5 51 6 10 9 42 1 5 6 58 2 14 6 Daily mean F C 28 6 1 9 30 4 0 9 36 9 2 7 46 6 8 1 56 1 13 4 65 7 18 7 71 6 22 0 70 5 21 4 63 9 17 7 53 2 11 8 43 5 6 4 34 3 1 3 50 1 10 1 Mean daily minimum F C 20 5 6 4 22 1 5 5 28 8 1 8 38 3 3 5 48 0 8 9 57 7 14 3 63 7 17 6 62 4 16 9 55 4 13 0 44 6 7 0 35 4 1 9 26 8 2 9 42 0 5 5 Average precipitation inches mm 3 62 91 95 3 43 87 24 4 60 116 88 4 12 104 68 3 47 88 10 4 01 101 76 3 52 89 36 3 32 84 31 3 57 90 57 4 75 120 57 3 98 101 16 4 66 118 46 47 05 1 195 04 Average dew point F C 18 5 7 5 18 9 7 3 24 4 4 2 33 6 0 9 45 3 7 4 55 9 13 3 61 9 16 6 61 5 16 4 55 4 13 0 44 2 6 8 33 4 0 8 24 8 4 0 39 8 4 4 Source PRISM Climate Group 72 Transportation editRoads edit nbsp Veterans Memorial Bridge between Salem and Beverly The connection between Salem and Beverly is made across the Danvers River and Beverly Harbor by three bridges the Kernwood Bridge to the west and a railroad bridge and the Essex Bridge from the land between Collins Cove and the North River to the east The Veterans Memorial Bridge carries Massachusetts Route 1A across the river Route 1A passes through the eastern side of the city through South Salem towards Swampscott For much of its length in the city it is coextensive with Route 114 which goes north from Marblehead before merging with Route 1A and then heading northwest from downtown towards Lawrence Route 107 also passes through town entering from Lynn in the southwest corner of the city before heading towards its intersection with Route 114 and terminating at Route 1A There is no highway access within the city the nearest highway access to Route 128 is along Route 114 in neighboring Peabody Rail edit Salem has a station on the Newburyport Rockport Line of the MBTA Commuter Rail The railroad lines are also connected to a semi abandoned portion of freight lines which lead into Peabody and a former line into Marblehead has been converted into a bike path Bus edit Several MBTA Bus routes pass through the city Salem Skipper edit The City of Salem launched a microtransit network called the Salem Skipper in December 2020 73 74 The on demand transit network is operated by Via and allows riders to share the same vehicle for approximately the same price as a MBTA Bus ticket Passengers can hail a ride on their mobile device with the Salem Skipper app or by calling a dispatcher 74 Airports edit The nearest general aviation airport is Beverly Municipal Airport and the nearest commercial airline service for national and international flights is at Boston s Logan International Airport The Salem Ferry edit The Nathaniel Bowditch is a 92 foot 28 m high speed catamaran that travels from Salem to Boston in 50 minutes from May to October and had its maiden voyage on June 22 2006 The Salem Ferry is named after Nathaniel Bowditch who was from Salem and wrote the American Practical Navigator 75 Ridership increased every year from 2006 to 2010 when it peaked with 89 000 but in 2011 service was cut back because of the dramatic rise in fuel prices 76 77 The Salem Ferry is docked at the Derby Waterfront District 78 The ferry was purchased by the City of Salem with the use of grant money that covered 90 percent of the 2 1 million purchase price 79 Because of the cutback in service during the 2011 season Mayor Kim Driscoll is now seeking a new operator who can run the ferry seven days a week from May to October 80 For the 2012 season Boston Harbor Cruises took over the running of the Salem Ferry with seven day service and a Monday to Friday 7 a m commuter ferry to Boston 81 The Salem Ferry will be running seven days a week for the 2012 season starting the first weekend in June and going through to Halloween 82 Boston Harbor Cruises the contractor that operates the city s commuter ferry to Boston runs their largest and fastest vessel between Salem and Hingham for the last two weekends in October The company s high speed ferry service to Provincetown concludes in October freeing up its 600 passenger boat for service between Salem and Hingham The ferry ride between Hingham and Salem takes one hour With traffic especially around Halloween the drive between Salem and Hingham could be three hours or more 83 84 For the 2013 season service was expected to start in the last week of May The Salem City councilors approved a five year contract with Boston Harbor Cruises to operate the city s commuter ferry from 2013 to 2017 85 Also new for the 2013 season Boston Harbor Cruises will offer a 20 percent discount to Salem residents for non commuter tickets The City of Salem has approved a seasonal restaurant with a liquor license at The Salem Ferry dock to be operated by Boston Harbor Cruises The plan is to build a 600 square foot 56 m2 building plus patio seating 86 The latest data from 2015 point to 61 000 riders with around 11 000 being commuters 87 according to Boston Harbor Cruises which runs the Salem Ferry 78 Electric car charge program edit Salem has eight stations where drivers can charge their electric cars Four are located at the Museum Place Mall near the Peabody Essex Museum and the other four are in the South Harbor garage across the street from the Salem Waterfront Hotel 88 The program started in January 2013 and will be free of charge for two years allowing people to charge their electric cars and other electric vehicles for up to six hours This program was paid for by a grant from the state of Massachusetts due to Salem s status as a Massachusetts Green Community 89 Healthcare editNorth Shore Medical Center NSMC edit North Shore Medical Center NSMC is located in Salem and is the second largest community hospital system in Massachusetts It offers comprehensive medical and surgical services and includes emergency trauma departments advanced cardiac surgery and a birthplace It includes NSMC Salem Hospital and NSMC Union Hospital as well as outpatient care and urgent care NSMC s medical staff includes nearly 600 affiliated physicians representing primary care family practice and 50 additional sub specialties The Salem NSMC is a general medical and surgical hospital which has 395 beds The hospital had 19 467 admissions in the latest year for which data are available It performed 4 409 annual inpatient and 7 955 outpatient surgeries Its emergency department had 90 149 visits in 2012 The helipad at North Shore Medical Center is a helicopter transportation hub with multiple daily flights to hospitals all over Boston 90 91 Captain John Bertram 1796 1882 lived in Salem and is the founder of Salem Hospital which was later renamed North Shore Medical Center NSMC In 1873 Captain John Bertram gave a gift of 25 000 in cash plus a brick mansion on Charter Street to create Salem Hospital From the original building on Charter Street Salem Hospital moved to the current location on Highland Avenue in 1917 After John Bertram died in March 1882 his widow donated their home a mansion built in the High Style Italianate with brick and brownstone for materials at 370 Essex Street 92 and this became the Salem Public Library 93 In addition the John Bertram House is now a home for the elderly 94 Waterfront redevelopment edit nbsp Map of Salem and Harbor 1883 The first step in the redevelopment was in 2006 when the State of Massachusetts gave Salem 1 000 000 95 The lion s share of the money 750 000 was earmarked for acquisition of the Blaney Street landing the private 2 acre 8 100 m2 site off Derby Street used by the ferry and Salem Harbor Another 200 000 was approved for the design of the new Salem wharf a large pier planned for the landing which officials said could be used by small cruise ships commercial vessels and fishing boats In June 2012 the 1 75 million was awarded by the state of Massachusetts and will launch a first phase of dredging and construction of a 100 foot 30 m extension of the pier a harborwalk to improve pedestrian access and other lighting landscaping and paving improvements Dredging will allow the city to attract other ferries excursion vessels and cruise ships of up to 250 feet 76 m 96 In October 2010 Mayor Driscoll announced that the city would formally acquire the Blaney Street parcel from Dominion Energy 97 paving the way for the Salem Wharf project The City of Salem secured 1 25 million from the Massachusetts Seaport Advisory Council and 2 5 million in federal grant dollars to move forward with the construction of the project The city acquired the parcel with the help of a 1 7 million grant received from the Seaport Advisory Council 98 The City of Salem s plans call for a total build out of the current Blaney Street pier known as the Salem Wharf project When finished the Blaney Street pier will be home to small to medium sized cruise ships commercial vessels and the Salem Ferry This project is fully engineered and permitted 99 In 2010 in early phase work to be finished for the 2011 season a contractor was running underground utility cables and erecting an interim terminal building that will be used by the Salem Ferry replacing the current trailer The building will have an indoor bathroom a first at the ferry landing along with a waiting room and possibly an outdoor area with awnings Also new for 2011 is a paved lot with about 140 parking spaces replacing the existing dirt parking lot Also in 2011 construction crews were building a long seawall at the Blaney Street landing which runs from the edge of the ferry dock back toward Derby Street and along an inner harbor This is one of the early and key pieces of the Salem Pier which the city hopes to have completed by 2014 and is the key to eventually bring cruise ships to Salem 100 101 At the end of the 2011 season of the Salem Ferry in the late fall of 2011 after the ferry season ended contractors were to start building the first section of the T shaped 350 foot 110 m pier Work on that phase was scheduled to be completed by the fall of 2012 As of April 2011 the City of Salem had secured half of the 20 million and still needed to secure about 10 million in state and federal funds to complete this waterfront pier 102 Salem Harbor Power Station edit nbsp Original Salem Harbor Station in 2012 In May 2011 after years of legal battles protests and one recent fatal accident the owner of the Salem Harbor Power Station announced it will close down the facility permanently 103 Salem Harbor Station was a 60 year old power plant that was owned by Dominion of Virginia With the approval of ISO New England the 60 year old coal and oil fired plant closed for good in June 2014 The City of Salem was awarded a 200 000 grant from the Clean Energy Center prior to the closure of the plant This grant money is being used to plan for the eventual re use of the property 104 The City of Salem reached out to state and federal officials to ask for their cooperation and assistance in planning for the future and to provide money in an effort to clean up the 62 acre site 105 nbsp The original coal plant at left being demolished in 2016 as the single smokestack of the new plant rises Footprint Power 106 a startup New Jersey based energy company announced on June 29 2012 that it had signed an agreement to acquire Salem Harbor Station from Dominion Energy of Virginia 107 Footprint Power planned to demolish the 63 acre waterfront site that has towering smokestacks a coal pile and oil tanks A city study estimated cleanup costs at more than 50 million The final plan was to develop a new state of the art natural gas plant on one third of the original site reportedly along the Fort Avenue side near the city s ferry landing The remainder of the waterfront property eventually will be used for commercial and industrial redevelopment the company said The transition will not only stabilize our property tax base but also provide cleaner more efficient and reliable energy Footprint said its plans are consistent with the recommendations of a city study completed earlier that year on the future use of the power plant site 108 The City of Salem required Footprint to demolish the existing plant and stacks We will restore some 30 to 40 acres of our waterfront to its vibrant and prosperous past Mayor Kim Driscoll said she had not detailed talks yet with Footprint but is encouraged by discussions so far 109 Beginning in December 2013 there were many appeals under way from various groups who did not want the plant rebuilt The main opponent that fought in court was the Conservation Law Foundation 110 a leading environmental advocacy group intent on blocking the plant from being built 111 Demographics editSee also List of Massachusetts locations by per capita income Historical populationYearPop 1635900 17654 427 391 9 17765 337 20 6 17907 921 48 4 18009 457 19 4 181012 613 33 4 182012 731 0 9 183013 895 9 1 184015 082 8 5 185020 264 34 4 186022 252 9 8 187024 117 8 4 188027 563 14 3 189030 801 11 7 190035 956 16 7 191043 697 21 5 192042 529 2 7 193043 353 1 9 194041 213 4 9 195041 880 1 6 196039 211 6 4 197040 556 3 4 198038 220 5 8 199038 091 0 3 200040 407 6 1 201041 340 2 3 202044 480 7 6 202244 722 0 5 Source United States census records and Population Estimates Program data 112 113 114 115 116 117 118 119 120 121 122 123 124 Source U S Decennial Census 125 Throughout the colonial period and thereafter Salem was one of the largest municipalities in the United States as late as the 1820 census Salem was ranked in the top ten cities in the country by population and would not drop out of the top 100 until the 20th century 126 As of the census 127 of 2010 there were 41 340 people 19 130 households and 9 708 families residing in the city The population density was 4 986 0 inhabitants per square mile 1 925 1 km2 There were 18 175 housing units at an average density of 2 242 7 per square mile 865 9 km2 The racial makeup of the city was 81 5 White 4 9 African American 0 2 Native American 2 6 Asian 0 1 Pacific Islander 6 7 from other races and 2 5 from two or more races Hispanic or Latino of any race were 15 6 of the population 9 1 Dominican 2 9 Puerto Rican 0 5 Mexican 0 3 Guatemalan 128 Non Hispanic Whites were 75 9 of the population in 2010 128 compared to 95 9 in 1980 129 There were 17 492 households out of which 24 2 had children under the age of 18 living with them 38 8 were married couples living together 13 3 had a female householder with no husband present and 44 5 were non families Of all households 34 9 were made up of individuals and 11 5 had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older The average household size was 2 24 and the average family size was 2 95 In the city the population was spread out with 20 2 under the age of 18 10 4 from 18 to 24 33 4 from 25 to 44 21 9 from 45 to 64 and 14 1 who were 65 years of age or older The median age was 36 years For every 100 females there were 86 5 males For every 100 females age 18 and over there were 83 5 males The median income for a household in the city was 44 033 and the median income for a family was 55 635 Males had a median income of 38 563 versus 31 374 for females The per capita income for the city was 23 857 About 6 3 of families and 9 7 of the population were below the poverty line including 12 2 of those under age 18 and 7 9 of those age 65 or over Government editSalem is represented in the state legislature by officials elected from the following districts Massachusetts Senate s 2nd Essex district 130 Massachusetts House of Representatives 7th Essex district 131 Education editSalem State University edit Salem State University 132 is the largest of the nine schools comprising the state university system in Massachusetts the five University of Massachusetts campuses are a separate system with 7 500 undergraduates and 2 500 graduate students 133 its five campuses encompass 115 acres 0 47 km2 and include 33 buildings The Salem State Foundation hosts an annual lecture series featuring high profile speakers from around the world 134 135 was originally built in the 1950s and in January 2014 a 18 600 000 project was announced with development 136 137 138 The university was founded in 1854 as the Salem Normal School for teacher training based on the educational principles espoused by Horace Mann considered to be the Father of American Public Education 139 Salem State University enrolls over 10 000 undergraduate and graduate students representing 27 states and 57 foreign countries and is one of the largest state universities in the Commonwealth of Massachusetts The university also offers Continuing Education courses for credit or non credit Situated on five campuses totaling 115 acres 0 47 km2 Currently the university houses 2 000 students in its five residence facilities In 2013 the 74 million 122 000 square foot library is going to open on the Salem State University campus 140 The new library will have more than 150 public computers and 1 000 seats of study space from tables and desks to lounge chairs scattered throughout the building 141 On July 28 2010 Governor of Massachusetts Deval Patrick signed into law a bill that transforms Salem State College into Salem State University 142 Salem State University plans to build a 36 to 42 million dorm for 350 to 400 students Construction starts in the spring of 2014 143 144 In April 2014 Salem State University announced a 25 000 000 fund and at the time of the announcement there was already 15 000 000 committed from donations and the money will be used for a variety of things from expanding international study programs more faculty brand new computers scholarships and continued support of professional development for the staff 145 Primary and secondary education edit Public elementary schools include the Bates Carlton Horace Mann Saltonstall and Witchcraft Heights schools Collins Middle School is located on Highland Avenue 146 Horace Mann and Salem High School are located on Wilson Street The Nathaniel Bowditch School closed in 2018 and the Horace Mann School relocated to their previous location Salem Academy Charter School and Bentley Academy Charter School are also public schools 146 Private schools are also located in the city including two independent alternative schools The Phoenix School 147 and the Greenhouse School In late 2007 and early 2008 the city s public school system garnered regional and even national attention after officials announced a 4 7 million budget shortfall that threatened the jobs of teachers and other staff members The Massachusetts General Court passed legislation and residents raised enough money which averted teacher layoffs Several dozen support workers were still laid off 148 Police were investigating what happened to the money in a search for criminal violations of the law 149 Salem also once had a very strong Roman Catholic school system Once home to almost a dozen schools the last school in the city St Joseph School closed in July 2009 after over 100 years of providing Catholic education St James High School St Chretienne Academy St Chretienne Grammar School and St Mary s School closed in 1971 St James Grammar School closed in 1972 St Thomas the Apostle School closed in 1973 St Anne School closed in 1976 St John the Baptist School closed in 1977 and St Joseph High School closed in 1980 150 Tourism editSee also Chestnut Street District and Salem Maritime National Historic Site Historic homes edit The Pickman House built c 1664 abuts the Witch Memorial and Burying Point Cemetery the second oldest burying ground in the United States The Gedney House is a historic house museum built c 1665 and is the 2nd oldest house in Salem One of the most popular houses in Salem is The Witch House the only structure in Salem with direct ties to the Salem witch trials of 1692 The Witch House is owned and operated by the City of Salem as a historic house museum 151 Hamilton Hall is located on Chestnut Street where many grand mansions can be traced to the roots of the Old China Trade Hamilton Hall was built in 1805 by Samuel McIntire and is considered one of his best pieces It was declared a National Historic Landmark by the National Park Service in 1970 Witch related tourism edit In recent years tourism has been an occasional source of debate in the city with some residents arguing the city should downplay witch tourism and market itself as a more upscale cultural center In 2005 the conflict came to a head over plans by the cable television network TV Land to erect a bronze statue of Elizabeth Montgomery who played the comic witch Samantha in the 1960s series Bewitched 152 A few special episodes of the series were actually filmed in Salem and TV Land said that the statue commemorated the 35th anniversary of those episodes The statue was sculpted by StudioEIS under the direction of brothers Elliott and Ivan Schwartz Many felt the statue was good fun and appropriate to a city that promotes itself as The Witch City and contains a street named Witch Way Others objected to the use of public property for what was transparently commercial promotion 153 There is also a memorial to the victims of the infamous Witch Trials at Proctor s Ledge the execution site from that time The memorial is meant to be a place of reflection for the city 154 Other tourist attractions edit nbsp The Friendship of Salem 155 replica docked off of Derby Street In 2000 the replica tall ship Friendship of Salem was finished and sailed to Salem Harbor where she sits today The Friendship of Salem 156 is a reconstruction of a 171 foot 52 m three masted East Indiaman trading ship originally built in 1797 which traveled the world over a dozen times and returned to Salem after each voyage with goods from all over the world The original was taken by the British during the War of 1812 then stripped and sold in pieces 157 158 159 In 2006 with the assistance of a 1 6 million dollar grant and additional funds provided by the City of Salem citation needed Mayor Driscoll launched The Nathaniel Bowditch a 92 foot catamaran with a top speed of 30 knots which makes the trip between Salem and Boston in just under an hour 81 82 83 85 86 Waterfront redevelopment The first step in the redevelopment was in 2006 when the State of Massachusetts gave Salem 1 000 000 95 Bowditch who was born in Salem and had a home on North Street is considered the founder of modern maritime navigation His book Bowditch s American Practical Navigator first published in 1802 is still carried on board every commissioned U S naval vessel citation needed The original Fame was a fast Chebacco fishing schooner that was reborn as a privateer when war broke out in the summer of 1812 She was arguably the first American privateer to bring home a prize and she made 20 more captures before being wrecked in the Bay of Fundy in 1814 The new Fame is a full scale replica of this famous schooner Framed and planked of white oak and trunnel fastened in the traditional manner the replica of Fame was launched in 2003 She is now based at Salem s Pickering Wharf Marina where she takes the paying public for cruises on Salem Sound 160 Salem Harborwalk opened in July 2010 to celebrate the rebirth of the Salem waterfront as a source of recreation for visitors as well as the local community The 1 100 foot 340 m walkway extends from the area of the Salem Fire Station to the Salem Waterfront Hotel 161 162 nbsp The Peabody Essex Museum The Peabody Essex Museum is a leading museum of Asian art and culture and early American maritime trade and whaling its collections of Indian Japanese Korean and Chinese art and in particular Chinese export porcelain are among the finest in the country Founded in 1799 it is one of the oldest continuously operating museums in the United States 163 The museum owns and exhibits a number of historic houses in downtown Salem In 2003 it completed a massive 100 million renovation and expansion designed by architect Moshe Safdie and moved a 200 year old 16 room Chinese home from Xiuning County in southeastern China to the grounds of the museum 164 In 2011 the Peabody Essex Museum announced it had raised 550 million with plans to raise an additional 100 million by 2016 4 The Boston Globe reported this was the largest capital campaign in the museum s history vaulting the Peabody Essex into the top tier of major art museums 5 The Peabody Essex Museum trustees co chairs Sam Byrne and Sean Healey with board president Robert Shapiro led the campaign 6 200 to 250 million will fund the museum s 175 000 square foot expansion bringing the total square footage to 425 000 square feet 165 The Misery Islands is a nature reserve located in Salem Sound that was established in 1935 It is managed by the Trustees of Reservations The islands name come from shipbuilder Robert Moulton who was stranded on the islands during a winter storm in the 1620s The islands in the past have been home to a club with a golf course and about two dozen cottages The islands are now uninhabited 166 The Pioneer Village created in 1930 was America s first living history museum The site features a three acre re creation of a Puritan village and allows visitors the opportunity to participate in activities from the lives of Salem s earliest English settlers 167 nbsp Old Salem Jail after renovations The Old Salem Jail an active correctional facility until 1991 once housed captured British soldiers from the War of 1812 It contains the main jail building built in 1813 renovated in 1884 the jail keeper s house 1813 and a barn also about 1813 The jail was shuttered in 1991 when Essex County opened its new facility in Middleton In 2010 a 12 million renovation was completed 168 One feature of the reconstruction is the jail keeper s house a three story brick Federal period building originally built in 1813 The project went into a long phase of stagnation when in 1999 the county government was dissolved resulting in the sale of Salem Jail by the Commonwealth of Massachusetts to the City of Salem for 1 169 The Old Salem Jail complex was renamed 50 Saint Peter Street and is now private property with private residences 170 nbsp Salem Willows Salem Willows is an oceanfront neighborhood and amusement park It is named for the European white willow trees planted there in 1801 to form a shaded walk for patients convalescing at a nearby smallpox hospital The area became a public park in 1858 and in the twentieth century became a summer destination for residents of Boston s North Shore many of whom escaped the heat of the city on newly popular streetcars The beaches are also a common place to watch the 4th of July fireworks since you can see three sets of fireworks Salem Beverly and Marblehead The Willows also has a famous popcorn stand Hobbs which is known around the North Shore as one of the best places to get popcorn and ice cream In 1855 located on 210 Essex Street was founded the Salem Five Cents Bank one of the oldest still functioning American banks 171 Points of interest edit nbsp Naturalization ceremony on the stairs of the Custom House Salem Maritime National Historic Site See also National Register of Historic Places listings in Salem Massachusetts Crowninshield Bentley House c 1727 1730 Gedney House c 1665 one of the oldest homes in Salem located on High Street and Summer Street House of the Seven Gables 1668 John Tucker Daland House 1851 Joseph Story House 1811 White Lord House 1811 31 Washington Square Gardner Pingree House 1804 Built by Samuel McIntire Owned by Captain Joseph White who was murdered in the home in 1830 by his nephew Stephen White Chestnut Street District also known as the McIntire Historic District 172 greatest concentration of 17th and 18th century domestic structures in the U S First Church in Salem Unitarian Universalist founded in 1629 John Hodges House 1788 Built for the founder of the Salem East India Marine Society who founded what is now the Peabody Essex Museum Derby House 1762 First brick house built in Salem after another man had died of a cold who lived in a brick home Home of America s first millionaire ranked the 10th richest in history Misery Islands Nathaniel Bowditch House c 1805 home of the founder of modern navigation Nathaniel Hawthorne Birthplace c 1730 1745 Peabody Essex Museum 1799 oldest continually operated museum in America Peirce Nichols House home of Jerathmiel Peirce owner of the Friendship of Salem Designed by noted architect Samuel McIntire Phillips Library Pickering House c 1651 Broad Street Pioneer Village c 1930 Forest River Park Ropes Mansion late 1720s Salem Athenaeum Salem Common Salem Maritime National Historic Site the only remaining intact waterfront from the U S age of sail Salem Willows Park 1858 a small oceanfront amusement park Stephen Phillips House 1800 amp 1821 Winter Island park and historic point of the U S Coast Guard in World War II for U boat patrol The Witch House the home of the Salem witch trials investigator Jonathan Corwin and the only building still standing in Salem with direct ties to the witch trials Count Orlok s Nightmare Gallery a horror film museum Salem points of interest edit nbsp The House of the Seven Gables nbsp Gallows Hill Park Formerly believed to be the site of the executions during the Witch Trials nbsp The Pickman House built c 1664 believed to be Salem s oldest surviving building nbsp The Gedney House 1665 on High Street nbsp Salem Common bandshell in 2005 nbsp Hamilton Hall 1805 9 Chestnut Street nbsp Peirce Nichols House 1782 80 Federal Street nbsp Phillips House 1800 34 Chestnut Street nbsp John Ward House 1684 nbsp Pioneer Village a re creation of the first Puritan settlement in 1630Notable people editMary Abbott 1857 1904 writer reviewer golfer mother of the first woman to ever win an Olympic gold medal Margaret Abbott Nehemiah Adams 1806 1878 clergyman and author 173 174 Alexander Graham Bell 1847 1922 inventor of the telephone Frank Weston Benson 1862 1951 impressionist artist 175 176 177 John Prentiss Benson 1865 1947 architect and maritime artist William Bentley 1759 1819 Unitarian minister Salem diarist Nathaniel Bowditch 1773 1838 mathematician and navigator 178 Nathaniel Bowditch School is named in his honor Edward Scott Bozek 1950 2022 Olympic epee fencer Rick Brunson NBA player and coach Sean Stellato NFL agent and author William Mansfield Buffum 1832 1905 member of Arizona Territorial Legislature Timothy Burgess entomologist and zoologist Laurie Cabot Witchcraft high priestess and author Robert Ellis Cahill 1934 2005 sheriff historian and author Spencer Charnas 1985 present musician Joseph Hodges Choate 1832 1917 lawyer and diplomat Lucy Hiller Lambert Cleveland 1780 1866 writer and folk artist Roger Conant c 1592 1679 founder of Salem Crowninshield family Boston Brahmins who later helped settle Salem 179 180 Benjamin Crowninshield 1772 1851 Congressman from Massachusetts Secretary of the Navy Frederick M Davenport 1866 1956 US Congressman Elias Hasket Derby 1739 1799 merchant first millionaire 181 Elias Hasket Derby Jr 1766 1826 General of Second Corp Cadets inventor of first broadcloth loom in America Joseph Dixon 1799 1869 Inventor of the SLR high temperature crucibles the Dixon Ticonderoga Pencil and anti counterfeiting methods Joseph Horace Eaton 1815 1896 artist and military officer Ephraim Emerton 1851 1935 medievalist historian and Harvard chair John Endecott 1588 1665 governor Thomas Gardner c 1592 1674 co founder of Salem Robert B Groat 1888 1959 Printer publisher and politician John Hathorne 1641 1717 the Hanging Judge in Salem witch trials William Hathorne c 1576 1650 early businessman and political leader Nathaniel Hawthorne 1804 1864 iconic author of The Scarlet Letter and The House of the Seven Gables Sophia Amelia Peabody Hawthorne 1809 1871 painter illustrator writer Mary Tileston Hemenway 1820 1894 Sponsor of the Hemenway Southwestern Archaeological Expedition Harriet Lawrence Hemenway 1858 1960 Founder of Massachusetts Audubon Society Jeff Juden Major League Baseball pitcher Frederick W Lander 1821 1862 Civil War general wagon trail and railroad surveyor poet John Larch 1914 2005 actor 182 183 Dudley Leavitt 1720 1762 early Harvard educated Congregational minister 184 185 Leavitt Street named for him 186 Mary Lou Lord singer songwriter grew up in Salem Samuel McIntire 1757 1811 architect and woodcarver 187 188 189 190 Francis W Moore Jr 1808 1864 Mayor of Houston 191 Rob Oppenheim born 1980 professional golfer Charles Grafton Page 1812 1868 electrical inventor George Swinnerton Parker 1866 1952 founder of Parker Brothers Samuel Parris 1653 1720 minister Elizabeth Palmer Peabody 1804 1894 educator writer prominent Transcendentalist advocate for women and Native Americans Benjamin Peirce 1809 1880 mathematician and logician director of United States Coast Survey from 1867 to 1874 Annie Stevens Perkins 1868 1946 writer Thomas Handasyd Perkins Haitian slave trader up to Slave Revolt opium dealer owned Perkins amp Co Samuel Phillips 1690 1771 first pastor of the South Church in Andover 192 Timothy Pickering 1745 1829 secretary of state to Washington and Adams aide de camp to Washington 193 194 195 Benjamin Pickman Jr 1763 1843 early Salem merchant for whom Pickman Street is named 196 197 Dudley Leavitt Pickman 1779 1846 state legislator Ernest R Redmond 1883 1966 Army officer and Chief of National Guard 198 educated in Salem and became real estate agent 199 200 served on Mexican border in 1916 during Pancho Villa Expedition 201 Sarah Parker Remond 1826 1894 abolitionist 202 Aaron Richmond 1895 1965 impresario and artist manager Brian St Pierre quarterback Boston College and NFL Elizabeth Elkins Sanders 1762 1851 American author and social critic Zach Sanford born 1994 professional ice hockey player Samuel Sewall 1652 1730 magistrate Samuel Skelton c 1584 1634 first pastor of First Church in Salem original Puritan church in North America Joseph Story 1779 1845 Associate Superior Court Justice Hannah Swarton 1651 1708 colonial pioneer captured by Abenaki Indians and held captive for five years Steve Thomas former host of PBS s This Old House Lydia Louisa Anna Very 1823 1901 American author and illustrator Bob Vila craftsman Frederick Townsend Ward 1831 1862 sailor and mercenary Thomas A Watson 1854 1934 assistant to Alexander Graham Bell his name was the first phrase ever uttered over a telephone 203 204 Daniel Webster 1782 1852 politician and orator Jack Welch 1935 2020 former chairman and CEO of General Electric grew up in Salem and attended Salem High School Roger Williams 1603 1683 theologian nbsp Frank Weston Benson nbsp Nathaniel Bowditch nbsp Elias Hasket Derby nbsp John Endecott nbsp Nathaniel Hawthorne nbsp Jones Very nbsp Frederick W Lander nbsp Charles Grafton Page nbsp Timothy Pickering nbsp Sarah Parker Remond nbsp Samuel McIntireSister cities editOroville California United States 2007 205 Ōta Tokyo Japan 1991 206 See also editUSS Salem 3 shipsNotes edit 2020 U S Gazetteer Files United States Census Bureau Retrieved May 21 2022 a b U S Census Bureau QuickFacts United States Census Bureau August 26 2021 Retrieved August 26 2021 Essex Massachusetts Bay Salem Ipswich Britannica a b Peabody Essex announces 650 million campaign WickedLocal com November 14 2011 a b Peabody Essex vaults into top tier by raising 550 million Archived 2012 07 09 at the Wayback Machine Boston Globe November 6 2011 a b PEM announces 650 million advancement Archived 2013 01 26 at the Wayback Machine Peabody Essex Museum press release November 7 2011 Peabody Essex Museum Collections Peabody Essex Museum 1999 ISBN 978 0 88389 111 7 Writer Arianna MacNeill Staff January 11 2016 Proctor s Ledge in Salem confirmed as witch execution site Salem News Retrieved July 15 2023 Smith John 1837 A description of New England or The observations and discoveries of Captain Iohn Smith admirall of that country in the north of America in the year of our Lord 1614 with the successe of sixe ships that went the next yeare 1615 and the accidents befell him among the French men of warre with the proofe of the present benefit this countrey affoords whither this present yeare 1616 eight voluntary ships are gone to make further tryall Washington P Force The south part of New England as it planted this yeare 1634 www digitalcommonwealth org Retrieved November 9 2021 a b Perley Sidney 1912 The Indian land titles of Essex County Massachusetts The Library of Congress Salem Mass Essex Book and Print Club Massachusetts Historical Commission MHC Reconnaissance Survey Town Report Salem PDF Mass Historical Commission a b Phippen George D Old Planters of Salem Hist Coll of the Essex Institute Vol 1 97 et seq The four Old Planters are John Balch Roger Conant Peter Palfrey and John Woodbury Crawford Mary Caroline Famous families of Massachusetts Boston Little Brown and Co 1930 Chap 6 Richard Gildrie Salem Massachusetts 1626 1683 4 Salem TheFreeDictionary com Goff John 2009 Salem s Witch House A Touchstone to Antiquity Arcadia Publishing ISBN 978 1 61423 286 5 Felt J B 1827 Annals of Salem W amp S B Ives Young A 1846 Craddock s letter to Endicott Chronicles of the First Planters of the Colony C C Little amp J Brown FASG Robert Charles Anderson About the Great Migration www greatmigration org Archived from the original on September 2 2020 Retrieved October 10 2017 Barz Snell Rev Jeffrey A Short History of the First Church in Salem First Church in Salem Unitarian Web Site Retrieved 4 February 2011 Archived from the original on July 26 2011 Marsh D W ed 1886 Genealogy of the Marsh Family Outline for Five Generations Amherst MA Press of J R Williams p 1 Upham William Phineas Papers Relating to the Rev Samuel Skelton 1875 Harrison Bruce H 2004 The Family Forest Descendants of Rev Samuel Skelton Kamuela HI Millisecond Publishing p 4 Massachusetts Fort Pickering American Forts Network Retrieved June 3 2020 Dilworth 2011 p 28 Thomas 1874 v 1 p 177 Buckingham 1850 v 1 p 217 Breslaw Elaine G 1997 Tituba Reluctant Witch of Salem Devilish Indians and Puritan Fantasies p 89 Salem Witch Trials Notable Persons salem lib virginia edu Albert Christopher 1912 The Romantic Story of the Puritan Fathers And Their Founding of New Boston L C Page amp Co p 131 Retrieved November 14 2007 Soldiers in King Philip s War Chapter 22 www usgennet org Anderson Robert The Great Migration Begins Immigrants to New England 1620 1633 Entry for William Hathorne New England Historic Genealogical Society Boston MA 1999 Starkey Marion The Devil in Massachusetts Knopf Doubleday 1969 The Paternal Ancestors of Nathaniel Hawthorne Introduction www hawthorneinsalem org Archived from the original on December 5 2020 Retrieved February 10 2011 Crawford Mary Caroline 1930 The Cabot Family PDF Famous Families of Massachusetts Boston Little Brown Archived from the original PDF on April 8 2019 Retrieved July 19 2016 Stark James H 1910 The Loyalists of Massachusetts and the Other Side of the American Revolution The Salem Press Co ISBN 978 0 7222 7679 2 Retrieved November 10 2012 John Fraylor Salem Maritime National Historic Park Nps gov Retrieved September 3 2012 Trow 1905 p xx Trow Charles Edward 1905 Introduction The old shipmasters of Salem New York and London G P Putnam s Sons pp xx xxiii OCLC 4669778 The Salem Frigate salemma www salemma gov Enos Briggs at SalemWeb com a b Gilbert Wesley John April 2011 Our Man in Zanzibar Richard Waters American Consul 1837 1845 B A Thesis Departmental Honors in History Thesis advisor Professor Kirk Swinehart Middletown Connecticut Wesleyan University p 20 Retrieved May 3 2012 Note 23 Of the two hundred registered Salem vessels in 1812 all but fifty seven were destroyed in the war James Duncan Phillips Salem and the Indies the Story of the Great Commercial Era of the City Boston Houghton Mifflin Co 1947 422 Vanita Shastri The Salem India Story 2009 Cotheal Alexander I January 17 2008 Treaty between the United States of America and the Sultan of Masḳaṭ The Arabic Text Journal of the American Oriental Society 4 1854 341 343 JSTOR 592284 Salem history Salempd org May 13 2010 Archived from the original on January 12 2013 Retrieved November 10 2012 Salem Massachusetts Sites and Attractions Tour Salemweb com Retrieved September 3 2012 Manta Rediscover America s Small Business Manta USCG Air Station Cape Cod MA uscg mil Lytle Stewart August 3 2011 Benefits Concerns Discussed at Wind Turbine Hearing Salem MA Patch Salem patch com Retrieved September 3 2012 Goff John December 4 2010 John Goff Salem windmills revisited Salem Massachusetts Salem Gazette Wickedlocal com Archived from the original on November 13 2012 Retrieved September 3 2012 Davis Brendan June 16 2011 Wind turbine project moves forward in Salem Salem Massachusetts Salem Gazette Wickedlocal com Retrieved September 3 2012 City of Salem MA City of Salem MA Winter Island Meteorological Tower Data salem com Archived from the original on December 13 2014 Plan calls for amphitheater other fixes at Winter Island Local News SalemNews com Salem MA Salemnews com August 30 2012 Retrieved September 3 2012 Patrick Murray Administration Creates Ports of Massachusetts Compact Mass gov April 30 2012 Retrieved September 3 2012 The National Guard Guard celebrates 373rd First Muster on Salem Common Ng mil April 10 2010 Archived from the original on June 7 2012 Retrieved September 3 2012 Defense gov News Article Salem Takes Honor as National Guard s Birthplace defense gov Sgt 1st Class Don Veitch August 20 2010 Salem designated as birthplace of the National Guard army mil a href Template Cite web html title Template Cite web cite web a CS1 maint numeric names authors list link Muster s 375th anniversary today Local News SalemNews com Salem MA Salemnews com August 30 2012 Retrieved September 3 2012 McIntire Historic District www salemweb com Retrieved October 11 2017 Frayler John 2006 Java Head is Missing PDF Pickled Fish and Salted Provisions 8 Guerriero Lisa May 20 2008 Bride Wars takes Salem by storm Salem Massachusetts Salem Gazette Wickedlocal com Archived from the original on November 13 2012 Retrieved September 3 2012 A real Zombie visits Salem Local News SalemNews com Salem MA Salemnews com August 30 2012 Retrieved September 3 2012 CASTING call Business SalemNews com Salem MA Salemnews com February 22 2012 Retrieved September 3 2012 Bray Bethany April 30 2013 Christian Bale Amy Adams flick filming in Salem Salemnews com Retrieved July 9 2014 No more American Hustle movie stars in Salem MA May 13 2013 Retrieved July 9 2014 Bord Christine May 1 2013 Wednesday May 1 Filming Locations in NYC L A Boston amp more including American Hustle Dexter Girls amp A Walk Among The Tombstones onlocationvacations com Archived from the original on July 14 2014 Retrieved July 9 2014 Adam Sandler is on the North Shore to film Netflix movie Hubie Halloween Weather Delays Salem Filming for Adam Sandler Movie July 15 2019 Photos Halloween arrived early on the North Shore thanks to Adam Sandler s Hubie Halloween filming US Gazetteer files 2010 2000 and 1990 United States Census Bureau February 12 2011 Retrieved April 23 2011 PRISM Climate Group at Oregon State University Northwest Alliance for Computational Science amp Engineering NACSE based at Oregon State University Retrieved March 16 2023 StackPath www masstransitmag com December 11 2020 Retrieved January 13 2022 a b City of Salem launches the Salem Skipper on demand transit for residents commuters Via Transportation December 9 2020 Retrieved January 13 2022 The Salem Harbor Plan The Salem Partnership June 22 2006 Archived from the original on March 3 2012 Retrieved September 3 2012 Salem ferry cuts back to three days a week Local News SalemNews com Salem MA Salemnews com August 30 2012 Retrieved September 3 2012 Salem may dump ferry operator Salemnews com August 30 2012 Retrieved September 3 2012 a b Salem Ferry Boston Harbor Cruises Archived from the original on February 8 2018 Retrieved November 1 2016 Salem ferry operator It s not working out Local News SalemNews com Salem MA Salemnews com August 30 2012 Retrieved September 3 2012 The Salem Ferry The Salem Ferry Retrieved November 10 2012 a b Commuter trip is in ferry bid Local News SalemNews com Salem MA Salemnews com August 30 2012 Retrieved September 3 2012 a b Salem ferry delayed Local News SalemNews com Salem MA Salemnews com August 30 2012 Retrieved September 3 2012 a b Ferry to run between Salem and South Shore for Halloween Salemnews com August 27 2012 Retrieved November 10 2012 Authority Massachusetts Bay Transportation Ferry Schedules amp Maps www mbta com a b Bray Bethany March 4 2013 Salem ferry to get five year contract Salem News a b Bray Bethany May 8 2013 Ferry operator looks to open wharf side eatery Salem News PHOTOS A ride on the Salem Ferry Salem News August 7 2016 Salem Installs Vehicle Charging Stations Salem Massachusetts Patch December 18 2012 Green Communities Energy and Environmental Affairs City of Salem MA City of Salem MA Approved Minutes May 13 2010 salem com Archived from the original on June 26 2014 City of Salem MA City of Salem MA Approved Minutes February 12 2009 salem com Archived from the original on June 26 2014 History Salem Public Library Salem Public Library Archived from the original on April 3 2018 Retrieved December 24 2018 Brian Duke Who was John Bertram bertramhouse org Archived from the original on July 8 2014 Tolles Bryant Franklin Jr Tolles Carolyn K 2004 1983 Architecture in Salem An Illustrated Guide Lebanon New Hampshire University Press of New England p 16 ISBN 978 1 58465 385 1 a b Salem gets 1M for waterfront SalemNews com Salem MA Salemnews com December 18 2006 Archived from the original on February 2 2013 Retrieved September 3 2012 State awards 1 75M to Blaney Street wharf project Local News SalemNews com Salem MA Salemnews com August 30 2012 Retrieved September 3 2012 Dominion to Sell Blaney Street Property to City of Salem Press release Massachusetts Prnewswire com Retrieved September 3 2012 Salem is focusing its sights on shore Local News SalemNews com Salem MA Salemnews com August 30 2012 Retrieved September 3 2012 City of Salem MA City of Salem MA City to purchase Blaney Street parcel today Salem com Archived from the original on May 17 2012 Retrieved September 3 2012 Salem pier work under way Local News SalemNews com Salem MA Salemnews com August 30 2012 Retrieved September 3 2012 Salem Harbor Power Station To Close In 2014 CBS Boston Boston cbslocal com May 11 2011 Retrieved September 3 2012 Grant of 2 5M to aid wharf makeover Local News SalemNews com Salem MA Salemnews com August 30 2012 Retrieved September 3 2012 Salem Mass power plant to close Necn com May 12 2011 Archived from the original on June 27 2014 Retrieved September 3 2012 Guerriero Lisa Dominion Entire Salem power plant will close June 1 2014 Salem Massachusetts Salem Gazette Wickedlocal com Retrieved September 3 2012 Massachusetts Chapter Sierra Club Sierraclubmass org Archived from the original on December 3 2013 Retrieved September 3 2012 Salem Harbor Footprint Footprint Power Retrieved June 2 2016 Ailworth Erin June 30 2012 Footprint Power of New Jersey to buy Salem Harbor Power Station Boston com Retrieved September 3 2012 Footprint Power buys 60 year old Mass Power Plant CNBC permanent dead link Company inks deal for plant Salemnews com August 30 2012 Retrieved September 3 2012 Salem power plant Archives Conservation Law Foundation Dalton Tom Plant hit with another appeal Salem News Total Population P1 2010 Census Summary File 1 American FactFinder All County Subdivisions within Massachusetts United States Census Bureau 2010 Massachusetts by Place and County Subdivision GCT T1 Population Estimates United States Census Bureau Retrieved July 12 2011 1990 Census of Population General Population Characteristics Massachusetts PDF US Census Bureau December 1990 Table 76 General Characteristics of Persons Households and Families 1990 1990 CP 1 23 Retrieved July 12 2011 1980 Census of the Population Number of Inhabitants Massachusetts PDF US Census Bureau December 1981 Table 4 Populations of County Subdivisions 1960 to 1980 PC80 1 A23 Retrieved July 12 2011 1950 Census of Population PDF Bureau of the Census 1952 Section 6 Pages 21 10 and 21 11 Massachusetts Table 6 Population of Counties by Minor Civil Divisions 1930 to 1950 Retrieved July 12 2011 1920 Census of Population PDF Bureau of the Census Number of Inhabitants by Counties and Minor Civil Divisions Pages 21 5 through 21 7 Massachusetts Table 2 Population of Counties by Minor Civil Divisions 1920 1910 and 1920 Retrieved July 12 2011 1890 Census of the Population PDF Department of the Interior Census Office Pages 179 through 182 Massachusetts Table 5 Population of States and Territories by Minor Civil Divisions 1880 and 1890 Retrieved July 12 2011 1870 Census of the Population PDF Department of the Interior Census Office 1872 Pages 217 through 220 Table IX Population of Minor Civil Divisions amp c Massachusetts Retrieved July 12 2011 1860 Census PDF Department of the Interior Census Office 1864 Pages 220 through 226 State of Massachusetts Table No 3 Populations of Cities Towns amp c Retrieved July 12 2011 1850 Census PDF Department of the Interior Census Office 1854 Pages 338 through 393 Populations of Cities Towns amp c Retrieved July 12 2011 1950 Census of Population PDF Bureau of the Census 1952 Section 6 pp 21 7 through 21 09 Massachusetts Table 4 Population of Urban Places of 10 000 or more from Earliest Census to 1920 Retrieved July 12 2011 United States Census Bureau 1909 Population in the Colonial and Continental Periods PDF A Century of Population Growth p 11 Archived from the original PDF on August 4 2021 Retrieved August 17 2020 City and Town Population Totals 2020 2022 United States Census Bureau Retrieved October 29 2023 Census of Population and Housing Census gov Retrieved June 4 2016 Population of the 100 Largest Cities and Other Urban Places in the United States 1790 to 1990 U S Census Bureau 1998 U S Census website United States Census Bureau Retrieved January 31 2008 a b Salem city QuickFacts from the US Census Bureau census gov Archived from the original on January 12 2016 Massachusetts Race and Hispanic Origin for Selected Cities and Other Places Earliest Census to 1990 U S Census Bureau Archived from the original on August 12 2012 Retrieved April 20 2012 Massachusetts General Court An Act Establishing Executive Councillor and Senatorial Districts Session Laws Acts 2011 retrieved August 23 2020 Massachusetts Representative Districts Sec state ma us Retrieved August 23 2020 Salem State University Construction on New Residence Hall Begins salemstate edu Archived from the original on October 6 2014 Salem State University Facts and Figures Salem Massachusetts Salem State University 2010 Archived from the original on May 22 2011 Retrieved April 28 2011 Salem State University Series Salem Massachusetts Salem State University 2011 Archived from the original on August 5 2011 Retrieved April 28 2011 Boston Events and Things To Do in Boston in Boston Boston com Salem State University Contact Us and Directions salemstate edu Archived from the original on June 27 2014 Salem State College Mainstage Theatre artsboston org Archived from the original on June 24 2014 Retrieved April 21 2014 Salem State University Theatre salemstate edu Archived from the original on March 27 2014 History of Salem State University Salem Massachusetts Salem State University 2011 Archived from the original on June 6 2011 Retrieved April 28 2011 Bray Bethany Coming soon SSU s new library Salem News Leighton Paul March 29 2014 North Shore gets 5M for life sciences Salem News Salem State University Massachusetts legislature accords Salem State university status University designation will benefit region in numerous ways salemstate edu Archived from the original on March 25 2014 New Dorm Coming to Salem State University Salem Massachusetts Patch March 10 2013 Bray Bethany March 8 2013 New dorm on tap at SSU Salem News Dempsey Neil H April 14 2014 SSU unveils 25M fund drive Salem News a b Profiles Search profiles doe mass edu Home The Phoenix School Time line of a crisis Local News SalemNews com Salem MA Salemnews com Archived from the original on September 8 2012 Retrieved November 10 2012 Schools regroup cops probe 4 7M deficit Local News SalemNews com Salem MA Salemnews com January 24 2008 Archived from the original on September 9 2012 Retrieved November 10 2012 St Joseph School in Salem closing Local News SalemNews com Salem MA Salemnews com December 5 2008 Archived from the original on September 11 2012 Retrieved November 10 2012 The Witch House Jonathan Corwin House Salem Massachusetts Salemweb com Retrieved September 3 2012 Brooks Anthony May 5 2005 Salem Residents Oppose Planned Bewitched Statue NPR org National Public Radio Retrieved April 28 2011 Matarazzo Bruno Jr July 20 2006 Controversial Bewitched statue besmirched by red paint The Salem News Community Newspaper Holdings Inc Archived from the original on September 9 2012 Retrieved April 28 2011 Shea Andrea July 19 2017 Salem Mass Dedicates Memorial To Witches Who Died On The Gallows NPR Retrieved February 26 2024 Salem Massachusetts Friendship Overview salemweb com Photos amp Multimedia nps gov Friendship Overview Salem Massachusetts salemweb com Retrieved April 28 2011 Designation of National Park System Units National Park Service Retrieved April 5 2008 The National Park Service Organic Act National Park Service Retrieved April 5 2008 The Schooner Fame The Salem Privateer Harbor Cruises in Salem MA Schoonerfame com June 14 2012 Archived from the original on September 21 2012 Retrieved September 3 2012 Galang Stacie N July 16 2010 Salem Harborwalk opens amid appreciative crowd The Salem News Community Newspaper Holdings Inc Retrieved April 28 2011 Glasset Meaghan November 8 2007 Grants will transform Peabody Street lot into park harbor walk destination Salem Gazette Archived from the original on November 13 2012 Retrieved April 28 2011 About PEM Salem Massachusetts Peabody Essex Museum Retrieved April 28 2011 Yin Yu Tang Pem org June 7 2006 Archived from the original on February 10 2009 Retrieved November 10 2012 Peabody Essex Museum prepares for expansion Boston com Misery Islands the Trustees of Reservations Archived from the original on April 25 2009 Retrieved April 3 2014 Pioneer Village Salem 1630 Salem Massachusetts salemweb com Retrieved April 28 2011 Dalton Tom March 24 2010 Salem Jail to hold first open house The Salem News Community Newspaper Holdings Inc Retrieved April 28 2011 Dalton Tom April 22 2009 Work set to begin at old jail The Salem News Community Newspaper Holdings Inc Retrieved April 28 2011 Dalton Tom July 19 2010 Access to public an issue at old jail The Salem News Community Newspaper Holdings Inc Retrieved April 28 2011 Salem Five Cents Savings Bank 1892 August 11 2012 Archived from the original on March 12 2017 Retrieved March 10 2017 Salem Massachusetts Salem Architecture McIntire salemweb com Rines George Edwin ed 1920 Adams Nehemiah Encyclopedia Americana Gilman D C Peck H T Colby F M eds 1905 Adams Nehemiah New International Encyclopedia 1st ed New York Dodd Mead Bedford 2000 p 13 About John Benson Bedford 2000 pp 16 17 Hockey Thomas 2009 The Biographical Encyclopedia of Astronomers Springer Publishing ISBN 978 0 387 31022 0 Retrieved August 22 2012 Harriet Ruth Waters Cooke 1889 The Crowninshield Family The Driver family a genealogical memoir of the descendants of Robert and Phebe Driver of Lynn Mass J Wilson and son p 268 David L Ferguson 1976 Cleopatra s barge the Crowninshield story Little Brown ISBN 978 0 316 27895 9 A Very Grave Matter Gravestones and Burying Grounds of New England Ancestors Genealogy First Settlers of New Hampshire Maine Massachusetts NH ME MA powered by SmugMug Archived from the original on October 4 2008 Retrieved October 6 2008 The Texan Classic Television Archive Archived from the original on April 8 2012 Retrieved January 31 2013 Laramie The Confederate Express Internet Movie Data Base January 30 1962 Retrieved September 30 2012 Carter Nathan Franklin 1906 The Native Ministry of New Hampshire Concord N H Rumford Printing Co ISBN 978 1 4047 0691 0 Retrieved November 10 2012 Pickering Octavius Upham Charles Wentworth 1873 The Life of Timothy Pickering Vol II Boston Little Brown amp Co p 171 Retrieved November 10 2012 Worcester Samuel M 1855 A Memorial of the Old and New Tabernacle Salem Mass 1854 5 Boston Crocker and Brewster p 8 Christie s The Elias Hasket Derby Federal Carved Mahogany Side Chair christies com Antiques and Art Ireland Art Auctions and Antique Auctions in Ireland antiquesandartireland com Architecture Walking Trail in the Samuel McIntire Historic District PDF National Park Service PEM Samuel McIntire Carving an American Style Microsite pem org Benham Priscilla Myers Francis W Moore Jr Handbook of Texas Online Texas State Historical Association Retrieved January 8 2023 Mooar George 1859 Historical Manual of the South Church in Andover Mass Andover Massachusetts Warren F Draper Retrieved November 26 2018 Clarfield Timothy Pickering and the American Republic p 246 Institute Essex 1864 Historical Collections of the Essex Institute Wills Garry 2003 Before 1800 Negro President Jefferson and the Slave Power Houghton Mifflin Company pp 20 21 ISBN 0 618 34398 9 Naturalization papers of Benjamin Pickman Dudley Leavitt Pickman Papers Phillips Library Collection Peabody Essex Museum pem org museum PDF Archived from the original PDF on December 18 2014 Smith Sarah Sprague Saunders 1897 The Founders of the Massachusetts Bay Colony New York Passenger Lists 1820 1957 Passenger List S S Calamares January 8 1936 entry for Ernest Redmond United States Federal Census Record Ernest R Redmond 1910 Arthur B Jones The Salem Fire 1914 pp 88 89 Massachusetts Adjutant General Annual Report 1916 p 243 Dorothy Sterling Ahead of Her Time Abby Kelley and the Politics of Antislavery W W Norton amp Company 1994 p 276 Bruce Robert V 1973 Alexander Graham Bell and the Conquest of Solitude Boston Little Brown p 181 ISBN 0 316 11251 8 National Inventors Hall of Fame 2010 Thomas A Watson Archived from the original on September 23 2012 Retrieved July 14 2012 Chico considers establishing permanent sister city guidelines Chico Enterprise Record Chicoer com Archived from the original on September 27 2011 Retrieved November 10 2012 City of Salem MA June 17 2008 This resulted from the affiliation between Salem s Peabody Essex Museum PEM and the Ota Folk Museum in Japan Salem com Archived from the original on December 15 2014 Retrieved November 10 2012 Citations editPerley Sidney History of Salem Massachusetts in Three Volumes Full images at University of Virginia eText Center and the Salem Witch Trial Documentary Archive and Transcription Project 1795 Map of Salem Saunders Jonathan P 1832 Map of Salem Beer D G 1872 Atlas of Essex County Map of Salem Plate 118 Walker George H 1884 Atlas of Essex County Salem South Plate 16 Salem Jail to hold first open house Salem North Plate 17 Various Salem Atlases Hopkins C M Atlas of Salem Massachusetts Published in 1874 Sanborn Map Co Map of Salem Showing Area Destroyed by Fire June 25 1914 Atlas of Salem for 1890 1903 Index Map Page selection 1897 Atlas of Salem Massachusetts Index Map Walker 1911 Atlas of Salem Massachusetts Salem 1906 1938 Index or Key Map Vital Records of Salem Massachusetts to 1849 Published 1916 1918 1924 1925 Transcribed and put online by John Slaugher Sources editBuckingham Joseph Tinker 1850 Specimens of newspaper literature with personal memoirs anecdotes and reminiscences Vol I Boston Charles C Little and James Brown Dilworth Richardson September 13 2011 Cities in American Political History SAGE Publications ISBN 978 0 8728 9911 7 Archived from the original on April 18 2022 Thomas Isaiah 1874 The history of printing in America with a biography of printers Vol I New York B Franklin Further reading editSee also Bibliography of the history of Salem Massachusetts Booth Robert 2011 Death of an empire the rise and murderous fall of Salem America s richest city New York Thomas Dunne Books ISBN 978 0 312 54038 8 Goff John Looking at Salem s beginnings The White and Gardner family contributions Salem Gazette GateHouse News Service story December 29 2007 Hoffer Peter Charles 1996 The Devil s Disciples Makers of the Salem Witchcraft Trials Baltimore Johns Hopkins University Press ISBN 978 0 8018 5200 8 Morris Richard J December 2000 Redefining the Economic Elite in Salem Massachusetts 1759 1799 A Tale of Evolution Not Revolution The New England Quarterly 73 4 603 624 doi 10 2307 366584 JSTOR 366584 National Park Service Salem Maritime Salem Maritime National Historic Site Official Map and Guide Archived 2016 01 13 at the Wayback Machine United States Department of the Interior Nevins Winfield S 1994 The Witches of Salem Stamford Longmeadow Press ISBN 978 0 6810 0603 4 originally published in 1892 Norton Mary Beth 2002 In the Devil s Snare The Salem Witchcraft Crisis of 1692 New York Alfred A Knopf ISBN 0 375 40709 X Saville Susanne 2010 Hidden History of Salem Charleston SC The History Press ISBN 978 1 59629 062 4 permanent dead link Schwartz George H Collecting the Globe The Salem East India Marine Society Museum Amherst University of Massachusetts Press 2020 online review Smith Bonnie Hurd 2000 Salem Women s Heritage Trail Salem MA Salem Chamber of Commerce Archived from the original on June 23 2013 Smith Dalton Maggi 2012 A history of spiritualism and the occult in Salem the rise of witch city Charleston SC History Press ISBN 978 1 60949 551 0 OCLC 808684425 Smith Dalton Maggi Salem History Society Stories amp shadows from Salem s past Naumkeag notations American Chronicles Series Charleston SC History Press 2010 https www worldcat org title stories shadows from salems past naumkeag notations oclc 642511300 amp referer brief results Vickers Daniel and Vince Walsh Young men and the sea The sociology of seafaring in eighteenth century Salem Massachusetts Social history 1999 24 1 pp 17 38 Wagner E J A Murder in Salem Archived 2011 12 17 at the Wayback Machine Smithsonian magazine November 2010External links edit nbsp Wikimedia Commons has media related to Salem Massachusetts nbsp Wikisource has the text of an 1879 American Cyclopaedia article about Salem Massachusetts nbsp Wikivoyage has a travel guide for Salem Massachusetts Official website salem org salemweb com salemwomenshistory com The Cabot Family Archived 2019 04 08 at the Wayback Machine Salem a city and one of the county seats Lawrence is the other of Essex county Massachusetts Encyclopaedia Britannica 11th ed 1911 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Salem Massachusetts amp oldid 1221156916, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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