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Wikipedia

Cisco

March 18, 2023

Not to be confused with Sysco or Sisqó.
For other uses, see Cisco (disambiguation).

Cisco Systems, Inc., commonly known as Cisco, is an American-based multinational digital communications technology conglomerate corporation headquartered in San Jose, California. Cisco develops, manufactures, and sells networking hardware, software, telecommunications equipment and other high-technology services and products.[4] Cisco specializes in specific tech markets, such as the Internet of Things (IoT), domain security, videoconferencing, and energy management with leading products including Webex, OpenDNS, Jabber, Duo Security, and Jasper. Cisco is one of the largest technology companies in the world ranking 74 on the Fortune 100 with over $51 billion in revenue and nearly 80,000 employees.[5]

Cisco Systems, Inc.
Building 10 of the Cisco San Jose Main Campus
TypePublic
Industry
FoundedDecember 10, 1984; 38 years ago (1984-12-10) in San Francisco, California, United States
Founders
Headquarters
San Jose, California
,
U.S.[1]
Area served
Worldwide
Key people
ProductsList of Cisco products
Revenue
  • US$13.97 billion (2022)
  • US$11.81 billion (2022)
Total assets
  • US$94.00 billion (2022)
Total equity
  • US$39.77 billion (2022)
Number of employees
c. 83,300 (2022) [2]
Websitecisco.com
Footnotes / references
Financials as of July 30, 2022.[3]

Cisco Systems was founded in December 1984 by Leonard Bosack and Sandy Lerner, two Stanford University computer scientists who had been instrumental in connecting computers at Stanford. They pioneered the concept of a local area network (LAN) being used to connect distant computers over a multiprotocol router system. By the time the company went public in 1990, Cisco had a market capitalization of $224 million; by the end of the dot-com bubble in the year 2000, this had increased to $500 billion, surpassing Microsoft as the world's most valuable company.[6][7] As of December 2021, Cisco had a market capitalization of around $267 billion.[8]

Cisco stock (CSCO) was added to the Dow Jones Industrial Average on June 8, 2009, and is also included in the S&P 500 Index, the Russell 1000 Index, NASDAQ-100 Index and the Russell 1000 Growth Stock Index.[9][10]

In 2021, Fortune ranked Cisco number one for the second year on their annual list of the 100 Best Companies to Work For based on employee satisfaction surveying.[11][12] LinkedIn and Glassdoor also ranked Cisco as a top place to work in 2021 and recent years.[13][14]

History

1984–1995: Origins and initial growth

 
Cisco's first router, the Advanced Gateway Server (AGS) router (1986)

Cisco Systems was founded in December 1984 by Sandy Lerner along with her husband Leonard Bosack. Lerner was the director of computer facilities for the Stanford University Graduate School of Business. Bosack was in charge of the Stanford University computer science department's computers.[15]

Cisco's initial product has roots in Stanford University's campus technology. In the early 1980s students and staff at Stanford, including Bosack, used technology on the campus to link all of the school's computer systems to talk to one another, creating a box that functioned as a multiprotocol router called the "Blue Box".[16] The Blue Box used circuitry made by Andy Bechtolsheim, and software that was originally written at Stanford by research engineer William Yeager.[16] Due to the underlying architecture, and its ability to scale well, Yeager's well-designed invention became a key to Cisco's early success.[17]

In 1985, Bosack and Stanford employee Kirk Lougheed began a project to formally network Stanford's campus.[16] They adapted Yeager's software into what became the foundation for Cisco IOS, despite Yeager's claims that he had been denied permission to sell the Blue Box commercially. On July 11, 1986, Bosack and Lougheed were forced to resign from Stanford and the university contemplated filing criminal complaints against Cisco and its founders for the theft of its software, hardware designs, and other intellectual properties.[16] In 1987, Stanford licensed the router software and two computer boards to Cisco.[16] In addition to Bosack, Lerner, Lougheed, Greg Satz (a programmer), and Richard Troiano (who handled sales), completed the early Cisco team.[16] The company's first CEO was Bill Graves, who held the position from 1987 to 1988.[18] In 1988, John Morgridge was appointed CEO.[19]

The name "Cisco" was derived from the city name San Francisco, which is why the company's engineers insisted on using the lower case "cisco" in its early years. The logo is intended to depict the two towers of the Golden Gate Bridge.[20]

On February 16, 1990, Cisco Systems went public with a market capitalization of $224 million, and was listed on the NASDAQ stock exchange. On August 28, 1990, Lerner was fired. Upon hearing the news, her husband Bosack resigned in protest.[21]

Although Cisco was not the first company to develop and sell dedicated network nodes,[22] it was one of the first to sell commercially successful routers supporting multiple network protocols.[23] Classical, CPU-based architecture of early Cisco devices coupled with flexibility of operating system IOS allowed for keeping up with evolving technology needs by means of frequent software upgrades. Some popular models of that time (such as Cisco 2500) managed to stay in production for almost a decade virtually unchanged. The company was quick to capture the emerging service provider environment, entering the SP market with product lines such as Cisco 7000 and Cisco 8500.[24]

Between 1992 and 1994, Cisco acquired several companies in Ethernet switching, such as Kalpana,[25] Grand Junction[26] and most notably, Mario Mazzola's Crescendo Communications,[27] which together formed the Catalyst business unit. At the time, the company envisioned layer 3 routing and layer 2 (Ethernet, Token Ring) switching as complementary functions of different intelligence and architecture—the former was slow and complex, the latter was fast but simple. This philosophy dominated the company's product lines throughout the 1990s.[24]

In 1995, John Morgridge was succeeded by John T. Chambers.[28]

1996–2005: Internet and silicon intelligence

 
John T. Chambers led Cisco as its CEO between 1995 and 2015. (Pictured at 2010 World Economic Forum, in Davos, Switzerland).

The Internet Protocol (IP) became widely adopted in the mid-to-late 1990s.[29] Cisco introduced products ranging from modem access shelves (AS5200) to core GSR routers, making them a major player in the market.[29] In late March 2000, at the height of the dot-com bubble, Cisco became the most valuable company in the world, with a market capitalization of more than $500 billion.[6][30] As of July 2014, with a market cap of about US$129 billion,[31] it was still one of the most valuable companies.[32]

The perceived complexity of programming routing functions in silicon led to the formation of several startups determined to find new ways to process IP and MPLS packets entirely in hardware and blur boundaries between routing and switching. One of them, Juniper Networks, shipped their first product in 1999 and by 2000 chipped away about 30% from Cisco SP Market share. In response, Cisco later developed homegrown ASICs and fast processing cards for GSR routers and Catalyst 6500 switches. In 2004, Cisco also started the migration to new high-end hardware CRS-1 and software architecture IOS XR.[33]

2006–2012: The Human Network

 
Russian President Dmitry Medvedev and California Gov. Arnold Schwarzenegger at Cisco, 2010.[34]

As part of a rebranding campaign in 2006, Cisco Systems adopted the shortened name "Cisco" and created "The Human Network" advertising campaign.[35] These efforts were meant to make Cisco a "household" brand—a strategy designed to support the low-end Linksys products and future consumer products.[24]

On the more traditional business side, Cisco continued to develop its routing, switching and security portfolio. The quickly growing importance of Ethernet also influenced the company's product lines. Limits of IOS and aging Crescendo architecture also forced Cisco to look at merchant silicon in the carrier Ethernet segment. This resulted in a new ASR 9000 product family intended to consolidate the company's carrier ethernet and subscriber management business around EZChip-based hardware and IOS-XR.[24]

Throughout the mid-2000s, Cisco also built a significant presence in India, establishing its Globalization Centre East in Bangalore for $1 billion.[36] Cisco also expanded into new markets by acquisition—one example being a 2009 purchase of mobile specialist Starent Networks.[37]

Cisco continued to be challenged by both domestic competitors Alcatel-Lucent, Juniper Networks, and an overseas competitor Huawei. Due to lower-than-expected profit in 2011, Cisco reduced annual expenses by $1 billion. The company cut around 3,000 employees with an early-retirement program who accepted a buyout and planned to eliminate as many as 10,000 jobs (around 14 percent of the 73,400 total employees before curtailment).[38][39] During the 2011 analyst call, Cisco's CEO John Chambers called out several competitors by name,[40] including Juniper and HP.

On July 24, 2012, Cisco received approval from the EU to acquire NDS (a TV software developer) for US$5 billion.[41] In 2013, Cisco sold its Linksys home-router unit to Belkin International Inc., signaling a shift to sales to businesses rather than consumers.[42]

Present day

 
Former Portuguese President Cavaco Silva, former Cisco CEO John Chambers and Cisco Senior Director of Innovation Helder Antunes, during the 2011 presidential visit to the US.

On July 23, 2013, Cisco Systems announced a definitive agreement to acquire Sourcefire for $2.7 billion.[43] On August 14, 2013, Cisco Systems announced it would cut 4,000 jobs from its workforce, which was roughly 6%, starting in 2014.[44] At the end of 2013, Cisco announced poor revenue due to depressed sales in emerging markets, caused by economic uncertainty and by fears of the National Security Agency planting backdoors in its products.[45]

In April 2014, Cisco announced funding for early-stage firms to focus on the Internet of Things. The investment fund was allocated to investments in IoT accelerators and startups such as The Alchemist Accelerator, Ayla Networks and EVRYTHNG.[46] Later that year, the company announced it was laying off another 6,000 workers or 8% of its global workforce, as part of a second restructuring.[47] On November 4, 2014, Cisco announced an investment in Stratoscale.[48]

On May 4, 2015, Cisco announced CEO and Chairman John Chambers would step down as CEO on July 26, 2015, but remain chairman. Chuck Robbins, senior vice president of worldwide sales & operations and 17-year Cisco veteran, was announced as the next CEO.[49] On July 23, 2015, Cisco announced the divestiture of its television set-top-box and cable modem business to Technicolor SA for $600 million,[50] a division originally formed by Cisco's $6.9 billion purchase of Scientific Atlanta. The deal came as part of Cisco's gradual exit from the consumer market, and as part of an effort by Cisco's new leadership to focus on cloud-based products in enterprise segments. Cisco indicated that it would still collaborate with Technicolor on video products.[51] On November 19, 2015, Cisco, alongside ARM Holdings, Dell, Intel, Microsoft and Princeton University, founded the OpenFog Consortium, to promote interests and development in fog computing.[52]

In January 2016, Cisco invested in VeloCloud, a software-defined WAN (SD-WAN) start-up with a cloud offering for configuring and optimizing branch office networks. Cisco contributed to VeloCloud's $27 million Series C round, led by March Capital Partners.[53]

In February 2017, Cisco launched a cloud-based secure internet gateway, called Cisco Umbrella, to provide safe internet access to users who do not use their corporate networks or VPNs to connect to remote data centers.[54] Immediately after reporting their fourth-quarter earnings for 2017, Cisco's price-per-share value jumped by over 7%, while its Earnings per share ratio increased from 60 to 61 cents per share, due in part to Cisco's outperformance of analyst expectations.[55] In September 2017, Chambers announced that he would step down from the executive chairman role at the end of his term on the board in December 2017.[56] On December 11, 2017, Robbins was elected to succeed Chambers as executive chairman while retaining his role as CEO, and Chambers was given the title of "Chairman Emeritus".[57][58]

Reuters reported that "Cisco Systems Inc’s (CSCO.O) product revenue in Russia grew 20 percent in 2017, ahead of Cisco’s technology product revenue growth in the other so-called BRIC countries of Brazil, China and India."[59][60]

On May 1, 2018, Cisco Systems agreed to buy AI-driven business intelligence startup Accompany for $270 million.[61][62] As of June 2018, Cisco Systems ranked 444th on Forbes Global 2000 list, with $221.3 billion market cap.[63]

In 2019, Cisco acquired CloudCherry, a customer experience management company, and Voicea, an artificial intelligence company.[64][65][66]

In 2019, Cisco also introduced the “Silicon One” ASIC chip with the G100 model reaching a speed of 25.6tb/sec.[67] The Silicon One competes against the Tomahawk series by Broadcom the Nvidia Spectrum, the Marvell Teralynx and the Intel Tofino.[68]

In March 2020, SVP and GM of Enterprise Networking David Goeckeler left to become CEO of Western Digital Corp. and was replaced by Todd Nightingale, head of Cisco Meraki.[69] In October 2022, Cisco announced a partnership adding the Microsoft Teams app to its meeting devices.[70]

Finance

For the fiscal year 2018, Cisco reported earnings of US$0.1 billion, with an annual revenue of US$49.3 billion, an increase of 2.8% over the previous fiscal cycle. Cisco's shares traded at over $43 per share, and its market capitalization was valued at US$213.2 billion in September 2018. Low Net Income for fiscal year 2018 was attributed to a one-time tax charge, that allowed Cisco to bring back capital from overseas. Cisco used this money it was able to bring back at a lower tax rate to fund share buybacks and acquisitions.

Year Revenue
in mil. US$ 		Net income
in mil. US$ 		Total Assets
in mil. US$ 		Price per Share
in US$ 		Employees
2000[71]
2001[71] 22,293 −1,014 35,238 16.69
2002[71] 18,915 1,893 37,795 11.80
2003[72] 18,878 3,578 37,107 14.38
2004[72] 22,045 4,401 35,594 17.44
2005[72] 24,801 5,741 33,883 14.67
2006[73] 28,484 5,580 43,315 17.45 49,930
2007[74] 34,922 7,333 53,340 23.07 61,560
2008[75] 39,540 8,052 58,734 18.15 66,130
2009[76] 36,117 6,134 68,128 16.14 65,550
2010[77] 40,040 7,767 81,130 18.74 70,700
2011[78] 43,218 6,490 87,095 14.10 71,830
2012[79] 46,061 8,041 91,759 15.34 66,640
2013[80] 48,607 9,983 101,191 19.20 75,049
2014[81] 47,142 7,853 105,070 21.22 74,042
2015[82] 49,161 8,981 113,373 25.09 71,833
2016[83] 49,247 10,739 121,652 26.83 73,700
2017[84] 48,005 9,609 129,818 31.97 72,900
2018[85] 49,330 11,0 108,784 43.65 74,200
2019[86] 51,904 11,621 97,793 55.84 75,900

Corporate structure

Acquisitions and subsidiaries

Further information: List of acquisitions by Cisco
 
CloudLock, a Cisco cloud computing security subsidiary.

Cisco acquired a variety of companies to spin products and talent into the company. In 1995–1996 the company completed 11 acquisitions.[87] Several acquisitions, such as Stratacom,[88] were one of the biggest deals in the industry when they occurred.[89] During the Internet boom in 1999, the company acquired Cerent Corporation, a start-up company located in Petaluma, California, for about US$7 billion.[90] It was the most expensive acquisition made by Cisco to that date, and only the acquisition of Scientific Atlanta has been larger.[91] In 1999, Cisco also acquired a stake for $1 billion in KPMG Consulting to enable establishing Internet firm Metrius founded by Keyur Patel of Fuse.[92] Several acquired companies have grown into $1Bn+ business units for Cisco, including LAN switching, Enterprise Voice over Internet Protocol (VOIP) platform Webex and home networking. The latter came as result of Cisco acquiring Linksys in 2003 and in 2010 was supplemented with new product line dubbed Cisco Valet.

Cisco announced on January 12, 2005, that it would acquire Airespace for US$450 million to reinforce the wireless controller product lines.[93]

Cisco announced on January 4, 2007, that it would buy IronPort in a deal valued at US$830 million[94][95] and completed the acquisition on June 25, 2007.[96] IronPort was best known for its IronPort AntiSpam, its SenderBase email reputation service and its email security appliances. Accordingly, IronPort was integrated into the Cisco Security business unit.[97] Ironport's Senderbase was renamed as Sensorbase to take account of the input into this database that other Cisco devices provide.[98] SensorBase allows these devices to build a risk profile on IP addresses, therefore allowing risk profiles to be dynamically created on http sites and SMTP email sources.[99]

In 2010, Cisco bought Starent Networks (a mobile packet core company) for $2.9 billion[100][101] and Moto Development Group, a product design consulting firm that helped develop Cisco's Flip video camera.[102][103] Also in 2010, Cisco became a key stakeholder in e-Skills Week. In March 2011, Cisco completed the acquisition of privately held network configuration and change management software company Pari Networks.[104]

Although many buy-ins (such as Crescendo Networks in 1993, Tandberg in 2010) resulted in acquisition of flagship technology to Cisco, many others have failed—partially or completely.[105] For instance, in 2010 Cisco occupied a meaningful share of the packet-optical market,[106] revenues were still not on par with US$7 billion price tag paid in 1999 for Cerent. Some of acquired technologies (such as Flip from Pure Digital) saw their product lines terminated.[107][108]

 
Bengaluru, India
 
Munich, Germany
 
Oslo, Norway
Cisco campuses all over the world

Cisco announced on March 15, 2012, that it would acquire NDS Group for $5bn.[109][110] The transaction was completed on July 30, 2012.[111]

In January 2013, Cisco Systems acquired Israeli software maker Intucell for around $475 million in cash, a move to expand its mobile network management offerings.[112][113] In the same month, Cisco Systems acquired Cognitive Security, a company focused on Cyber Threat Protection. Cisco also acquired SolveDirect (cloud services) in March 2013[114] and UK-based Ubiquisys (mobile software) in April 2013 for $310 million.[115]

Cisco acquired cyber-security firm Sourcefire, in October 2013.[116] On June 16, 2014, Cisco announced that it has completed the acquisition of ThreatGRID, a company that provided dynamic malware analysis and threat intelligence technology.[117]

On June 17, 2014, Cisco announced its intent to acquire privately held Tail-f Systems, a leader in configuration management software.[118][119]

On April 2, 2015, Cisco announced plans to buy Embrane, a software-defined networking startup. The deal will give Cisco Embrane's software platform, which provides layer 3–7 network services for things such as firewalls, VPN termination, server load balancers and SSL offload.[120]

On May 7, 2015, Cisco announced plans to buy Tropo,[121] a cloud API platform that simplifies the addition of real-time communications and collaboration capabilities within applications.[122]

On June 30, 2015, Cisco acquired privately held OpenDNS, the company best known for its DNS service that adds a level of security by monitoring domain name requests.[123]

On August 6, 2015, Cisco announced that it has completed the acquisition of privately held MaintenanceNet, the US-based company best known for its cloud-based contract management platform ServiceExchange.[124] On the same month, Cisco acquired Pawaa, a privately held company in Bangalore, India that provides secure on-premises and cloud-based file-sharing software.[125]

On September 30, 2015, Cisco announced its intent to acquire privately held Portcullis Computer Security, a UK-based company that provides cybersecurity services to enterprise clients and the government sectors.[126]

On October 26, 2015, Cisco announced its intent to acquire ParStream, a privately held company based in Cologne, Germany, that provides an analytics database that allows companies to analyze large amounts of data and store it in near real-time anywhere in the network.[127]

On October 27, 2015, Cisco announced that it would acquire Lancope, a company that focuses on detecting threat activity, for $452.5 million in a cash-and-equity deal.[128]

On June 28, 2016, Cisco announced its intent to acquire CloudLock, a privately held cloud security company founded in 2011 by three Israeli military veterans,[129] for $293 million.[130] The deal was expected to close in the first quarter of 2017.

In August 2016, Cisco announced it is getting closer to making a deal to acquire Springpath, the startup whose technology is used in Cisco's HyperFlex Systems. Cisco already owns an undisclosed stake in the hyper-converged provider.[131]

In January 2017, Cisco announced they would acquire AppDynamics, a company that monitors application performance, for $3.7 billion. The acquisition came just one day before AppDynamics was set to IPO.[132]

On January 26, 2017, Cisco founded the Innovation Alliance in Germany with eleven other companies bringing together 40 sites and 2,000 staff to provide small businesses in Germany with expertise.[133]

On August 1, 2017, Cisco completed the acquisition of Viptela Inc. for $610 million in cash and assumed equity awards.[134] Viptela was a privately held software-defined wide area network (SD-WAN) company based in San Jose, Ca.

On October 23, 2017, Cisco Systems announced it would be acquiring Broadsoft for $1.9 Billion to further entrench itself in the cloud communication and collaboration area.[135]

On August 7, 2020, Cisco completed its acquisition of network intelligence company ThousandEyes.[136]

On October 1, 2020, Cisco announced that it would be acquiring Israeli startup Portshift for a reported $100 million.[137]

On December 7, 2020, Cisco announced that it would be acquiring Slido to improve Q&A, polls and engagement in WebEx videoconferencing [138]

On December 7, 2020, Cisco announced the acquisition of U.K based IMImobile in a $730M deal.[139]

On May 3, 2021, Cisco completed its acquisition of Q&A and polling platform Slido, which they offered both as a standalone product and with integrations.[140][141][142]

Ownership

As of 2017 Cisco Systems shares are mainly held by institutional investors (The Vanguard Group, BlackRock, State Street Corporation and others[143]).

Facilities

Cisco is headquartered in San Jose, California at 170 West Tasman Dr. with dozens of buildings comprising its corporate campus.[144] Over 15,000 full-time employees are based at the San Jose campus and the surrounding Bay Area.[145] Cisco's second largest campus in the United States is located at Research Triangle Park in North Carolina with 7,000 employees spanning across 12 buildings.[146]

In August 2020, Cisco announced the creation of a new 130,000 square feet Midwest headquarters in Chicago at the Old Chicago Main Post Office accommodating 1,200 employees.[147][148] Cisco maintains over 200 corporate offices in more than 80 countries.

In July 2021, Cisco announced all employees the option to work remotely on a permanent basis.[149][150]

Products and services

Main article: List of Cisco products
 
 
Cisco SG300-28 Rackmount switch (top) and Cisco EPC-3010 modem (bottom).

Cisco's products and services focus on three market segments—enterprise, service provider, midsize and small business.

Cisco provides IT products and services across five major technology areas: Networking (including Ethernet, optical, wireless and mobility), Security, Collaboration (including voice, video, and data), Data Center, and the Internet of Things.[151]

Cisco has grown increasingly popular in the Asia-Pacific region over the last three decades[when?] and is the dominant vendor in the Australian market with leadership across all market segments.[152] It uses its Australian office as one of the main headquarters for the Asia-Pacific region.[153]

VoIP services

Cisco became a major provider of Voice over IP to enterprises and is now moving into the home user market through its acquisitions of Scientific Atlanta and Linksys. Scientific Atlanta provides VoIP equipment to cable service providers such as Time Warner, Cablevision, Rogers Communications, UPC and others; Linksys has partnered with companies such as Skype, Microsoft and Yahoo! to integrate consumer VoIP services with wireless and cordless phones.

Hosted Collaboration Solution (HCS)

Cisco partners can offer cloud-based services based on Cisco's virtualized Unified Computing System (UCS). A part of the Cisco Unified Services Delivery Solution that includes hosted versions of Cisco Unified Communications Manager (UCM), Cisco Unified Contact Center, Cisco Unified Mobility, Cisco Unified Presence, Cisco Unity Connection (unified messaging) and Cisco Webex Meeting Center.[154]

Network Emergency Response[155]

 
A Cisco 8851 IP Phone

As part of its Crisis Response initiative, Cisco maintains several Network Emergency Response Vehicles (NERV)s.[156] The vehicles are maintained and deployed by Cisco employees during natural disasters and other public crises. The vehicles are self-contained and provide wired and wireless services including voice and radio interoperability, voice over IP, network-based video surveillance and secured high-definition video-conferencing for leaders and first responders in crisis areas with up to 3-72 Mbit/s of bandwidth (up and down) via a 1.8-meter satellite antenna.[157][158]

NERVs are based at Cisco headquarters sites in San Jose, California, and at Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, allowing strategic deployment in North America. They can become fully operational within 15 minutes of arrival. High-capacity diesel fuel-tanks allow the largest vehicles to run for up to 72 hours continuously.[159] The NERV has been deployed to incidents such as the October 2007 California wildfires; hurricanes Gustav, Ike and Katrina; the 2010 San Bruno gas pipeline explosion, tornado outbreaks in North Carolina and Alabama in 2011; and Hurricane Sandy in 2012.[160][161]

The Crisis Response Operations team maintains and deploys smaller, more portable communication kits to emergencies outside of North America. In 2010, the team deployed to assist in earthquake recovery in Haiti and Christchurch (New Zealand). In 2011, they deployed to flooding in Brazil, as well as in response to the 2011 earthquake and tsunami in Japan.[156][162]

In 2011, Cisco received the Innovation Preparedness award from the American Red Cross Silicon Valley Chapter for its development and use of these vehicles in disasters.[163]

Certifications

Main article: Cisco certifications
 
Cisco headquarters in the North San Jose Innovation District

Cisco Systems also sponsors a line of IT professional certifications for Cisco products.[164] There are five (path to network designers) levels of certification: Entry (CCT), Associate (CCNA/CCDA), Specialist(Cisco Certified Specialist), Professional (CCNP/CCDP), Expert (CCIE/CCDE) and recently Architect (CCAr: CCDE previous),[165] as well as eight different paths, Collaboration, CyberOps, Data Center, DevNet, Enterprise, Security, and Service Provider .

A number of specialist technicians, sales, and datacenter certifications are also available.

Cisco also provides training for these certifications via a portal called the Cisco Networking Academy. Qualifying schools can become members of the Cisco Networking Academy and then provide CCNA level or other level courses. Cisco Academy Instructors must be CCNA certified to be a CCAI certified instructor.

Cisco is involved with technical education in 180 countries with its Cisco Academy program.[166] In March 2013, Cisco announced its interest in Myanmar by investing in two Cisco Networking Academies in Yangon and Mandalay and a channel partner network.[167]

Corporate affairs

Awards and accolades

 
In 2010, Secretary of State Hillary Clinton awarded Cisco the Secretary of State's Award for Corporate Excellence, which was presented in Jerusalem by Ambassador James B. Cunningham to Cisco Senior Manager Zika Abzuk.

Cisco products, including IP phones and Telepresence, have been seen in movies and TV series.[168] The company was featured in the documentary film Something Ventured which premiered in 2011.[169]

Cisco was a 2002–03 recipient of the Ron Brown Award,[170][171] a U.S. presidential honor to recognize companies "for the exemplary quality of their relationships with employees and communities".[170] Cisco ranked number one in Great Place to Work's World's Best Workplaces 2019.[172] In 2020, Fortune magazine ranked Cisco Systems at number four on their Fortune List of the Top 100 Companies to Work For in 2020 based on an employee survey of satisfaction.[173]

According to a report by technology consulting firm LexInnova, Cisco was one of the leading recipients of network security-related patents with the largest portfolio within other companies (6,442 security-related patents) in 2015.[174]

Controversies

 
Cisco Live 2007 in Anaheim, California. Cisco Live is the company's annual exposition and conference.

Shareholder relations

A class action lawsuit filed on April 20, 2001, accused Cisco of making misleading statements that "were relied on by purchasers of Cisco stock" and of insider trading.[175] While Cisco denied all allegations in the suit, on August 18, 2006, Cisco's liability insurers, its directors and officers paid the plaintiffs US$91.75 million to settle the suit.[176]

Intellectual property disputes

On December 11, 2008, the Free Software Foundation filed suit against Cisco regarding Cisco's failure to comply with the GPL and LGPL licenses and make the applicable source code publicly available.[177] On May 20, 2009, Cisco settled this lawsuit by complying with FSF licensing terms and making a monetary contribution to the FSF.[178]

In October 2020, Cisco was ordered to pay US$1.9 billion to Centripetal Networks for infringement on four cybersecurity patents.[179]

Censorship in China

Cisco has been criticized for its involvement in censorship in the People's Republic of China.[180] According to author Ethan Gutmann, Cisco and other telecommunications equipment providers supplied the Chinese government with surveillance and Internet infrastructure equipment that is used to block Internet websites and track online activities in China.[181] Cisco has stated that it does not customize or develop specialized or unique filtering capabilities to enable governments to block access to information and that it sells the same equipment in China as it sells worldwide.[182]

Wired News had uncovered a leaked, confidential Cisco PowerPoint presentation that detailed the commercial opportunities of the Golden Shield Project of Internet control.[183] In May 2011, a group of Falun Gong practitioners filed a lawsuit under the Alien Tort Statute alleging that Cisco knowingly developed and customized its product to assist the Chinese government in prosecution and abuse of Falun Gong practitioners.[184] The lawsuit was dismissed in September 2014[185] by the United States District Court for the Northern District of California, which decision was appealed to United States Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit[186] in September 2015.

Tax fraud investigation

In October 2007, employees of Cisco's Brazilian unit were arrested on charges that they had imported equipment without paying import duties. In response, Cisco stated that they do not import directly into Brazil, and instead use middlemen.[187][188]

Antitrust lawsuit

On December 1, 2008, Multiven filed an antitrust lawsuit[195] against Cisco Systems, Inc. Multiven's complaint alleges that Cisco harmed Multiven and consumers by bundling and tying bug fixes/patches and updates for its operating system software to its maintenance services (SMARTnet). In May 2010, Cisco accused the person who filed the antitrust suit, British-Nigerian technology entrepreneur Peter Alfred-Adekeye, with hacking and pressured the US government to extradite him from Canada. Cisco settled the antitrust lawsuit two months after Alfred-Adekeye's arrest by making its software updates available to all Multiven customers.[196][197][198]

Remotely monitoring users' connections

Cisco's Linksys E2700, E3500, E4500 devices have been reported to be remotely updated to a firmware version that forces users to register for a cloud service, allows Cisco to monitor their network use and ultimately shut down the cloud service account and thus render the affected router unusable.[199][200]

Firewall backdoor developed by NSA

According to the German magazine Der Spiegel the NSA has developed JETPLOW for gaining access to ASA (series 5505, 5510, 5520, 5540 and 5550) and 500-series PIX Firewalls.[201]

Cisco's Chief Security Officer addressed the allegations publicly and denied working with any government to weaken Cisco products for exploitation or to implement security back doors.[202]

A document included in the trove of National Security Agency files released with Glenn Greenwald's book No Place to Hide details how the agency's Tailored Access Operations (TAO) unit and other NSA employees intercept servers, routers and other network gear being shipped to organizations targeted for surveillance and install covert firmware onto them before they are delivered. These Trojan horse systems were described by an NSA manager as being "some of the most productive operations in TAO because they pre-position access points into hard target networks around the world."[203]

Cisco denied the allegations in a customer document[204] saying that no information was included about specific Cisco products, supply chain intervention or implant techniques, or new security vulnerabilities. Cisco's general counsel also said that Cisco does not work with any government, including the United States government, to weaken its products.[205] The allegations are reported to have prompted the company's CEO to express concern to the President of the United States.[206] Whistle blowers like Edward Snowden,[207] and journalist reporter Julian Assange have echoed similar sentiments publicly.[208]

Spherix patent suit

In March 2014, Cisco Systems was sued for patent infringement. Spherix says that over $43 billion of Cisco's sales infringe on old Nortel patents owned by Spherix. Officials with Spherix are saying that a wide range of Cisco products, from switches to routers, infringe on 11 former Nortel patents that the company now owns.[209]

India Net censorship role

As of April 2020 Cisco Systems is alleged to be helping the Indian Jammu and Kashmir administration build a firewall that will prevent Internet users in Kashmir from accessing blacklisted websites, including social media portals, through fixed-line connections.[210] Cisco denies the allegations.[211]

Caste discrimination lawsuit

In 2020, a lawsuit was initiated against Cisco and two of its employees by the California Department of Fair Employment and Housing for alleged discrimination against an Indian engineer on account of him being from a lower caste than them.[212][213]

Xinjiang region

In 2020, the Australian Strategic Policy Institute accused at least 82 major brands, including Cisco, of being connected to forced Uyghur labor in Xinjiang.[214]

See also

References

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Further reading

  • Bunnell, D. (2000). Making the Cisco Connection: The Story Behind the Real Internet Superpower. Wiley. ISBN 0-471-35711-1.
  • Bunnell, D. & Brate, A. (2001). Die Cisco Story (in German). Moderne Industrie. ISBN 3-478-35995-3.
  • Paulson, E. (2001). Inside Cisco: The Real Story of Sustained M&A Growth. Wiley. ISBN 0-471-41425-5.
  • Slater, R. (2003). The Eye of the Storm: How John Chambers Steered Cisco Through the Technology Collapse. HarperCollins. ISBN 0-06-018887-1.
  • Stauffer, D. (2001). Nothing but Net Business the Cisco Way. Wiley. ISBN 1-84112-087-1.
  • Waters, J. K. (2002). John Chambers and the Cisco Way: Navigating Through Volatility. Wiley. ISBN 0-471-00833-8.
  • Young, J. S. (2001). Cisco Unauthorized: Inside the High-Stakes Race to Own the Future. Prima Lifestyles. ISBN 0-7615-2775-3.

External links

 
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cisco, confused, with, sysco, sisqó, other, uses, disambiguation, systems, commonly, known, american, based, multinational, digital, communications, technology, conglomerate, corporation, headquartered, jose, california, develops, manufactures, sells, networki. Not to be confused with Sysco or Sisqo For other uses see Cisco disambiguation Cisco Systems Inc commonly known as Cisco is an American based multinational digital communications technology conglomerate corporation headquartered in San Jose California Cisco develops manufactures and sells networking hardware software telecommunications equipment and other high technology services and products 4 Cisco specializes in specific tech markets such as the Internet of Things IoT domain security videoconferencing and energy management with leading products including Webex OpenDNS Jabber Duo Security and Jasper Cisco is one of the largest technology companies in the world ranking 74 on the Fortune 100 with over 51 billion in revenue and nearly 80 000 employees 5 Cisco Systems Inc Building 10 of the Cisco San Jose Main CampusTypePublicTraded asNasdaq CSCO NASDAQ 100 component DJIA component S amp P 100 component S amp P 500 componentIndustryNetworking hardwareNetworking softwareFoundedDecember 10 1984 38 years ago 1984 12 10 in San Francisco California United StatesFoundersLeonard BosackSandy LernerHeadquartersSan Jose California U S 1 Area servedWorldwideKey peopleChuck Robbins CEO amp Chairman ProductsList of Cisco productsRevenueUS 51 56 billion 2022 Operating incomeUS 13 97 billion 2022 Net incomeUS 11 81 billion 2022 Total assetsUS 94 00 billion 2022 Total equityUS 39 77 billion 2022 Number of employeesc 83 300 2022 2 Websitecisco comFootnotes referencesFinancials as of July 30 2022 update 3 Cisco Systems was founded in December 1984 by Leonard Bosack and Sandy Lerner two Stanford University computer scientists who had been instrumental in connecting computers at Stanford They pioneered the concept of a local area network LAN being used to connect distant computers over a multiprotocol router system By the time the company went public in 1990 Cisco had a market capitalization of 224 million by the end of the dot com bubble in the year 2000 this had increased to 500 billion surpassing Microsoft as the world s most valuable company 6 7 As of December 2021 Cisco had a market capitalization of around 267 billion 8 Cisco stock CSCO was added to the Dow Jones Industrial Average on June 8 2009 and is also included in the S amp P 500 Index the Russell 1000 Index NASDAQ 100 Index and the Russell 1000 Growth Stock Index 9 10 In 2021 Fortune ranked Cisco number one for the second year on their annual list of the 100 Best Companies to Work For based on employee satisfaction surveying 11 12 LinkedIn and Glassdoor also ranked Cisco as a top place to work in 2021 and recent years 13 14 Contents 1 History 1 1 1984 1995 Origins and initial growth 1 2 1996 2005 Internet and silicon intelligence 1 3 2006 2012 The Human Network 1 4 Present day 2 Finance 3 Corporate structure 3 1 Acquisitions and subsidiaries 3 2 Ownership 3 3 Facilities 4 Products and services 4 1 VoIP services 4 2 Hosted Collaboration Solution HCS 4 3 Network Emergency Response 155 4 4 Certifications 5 Corporate affairs 5 1 Awards and accolades 6 Controversies 6 1 Shareholder relations 6 2 Intellectual property disputes 6 3 Censorship in China 6 4 Tax fraud investigation 6 5 Antitrust lawsuit 6 6 Remotely monitoring users connections 6 7 Firewall backdoor developed by NSA 6 8 Spherix patent suit 6 9 India Net censorship role 6 10 Caste discrimination lawsuit 6 11 Xinjiang region 7 See also 8 References 9 Further reading 10 External linksHistory Edit1984 1995 Origins and initial growth Edit Cisco s first router the Advanced Gateway Server AGS router 1986 Cisco Systems was founded in December 1984 by Sandy Lerner along with her husband Leonard Bosack Lerner was the director of computer facilities for the Stanford University Graduate School of Business Bosack was in charge of the Stanford University computer science department s computers 15 Cisco s initial product has roots in Stanford University s campus technology In the early 1980s students and staff at Stanford including Bosack used technology on the campus to link all of the school s computer systems to talk to one another creating a box that functioned as a multiprotocol router called the Blue Box 16 The Blue Box used circuitry made by Andy Bechtolsheim and software that was originally written at Stanford by research engineer William Yeager 16 Due to the underlying architecture and its ability to scale well Yeager s well designed invention became a key to Cisco s early success 17 In 1985 Bosack and Stanford employee Kirk Lougheed began a project to formally network Stanford s campus 16 They adapted Yeager s software into what became the foundation for Cisco IOS despite Yeager s claims that he had been denied permission to sell the Blue Box commercially On July 11 1986 Bosack and Lougheed were forced to resign from Stanford and the university contemplated filing criminal complaints against Cisco and its founders for the theft of its software hardware designs and other intellectual properties 16 In 1987 Stanford licensed the router software and two computer boards to Cisco 16 In addition to Bosack Lerner Lougheed Greg Satz a programmer and Richard Troiano who handled sales completed the early Cisco team 16 The company s first CEO was Bill Graves who held the position from 1987 to 1988 18 In 1988 John Morgridge was appointed CEO 19 The name Cisco was derived from the city name San Francisco which is why the company s engineers insisted on using the lower case cisco in its early years The logo is intended to depict the two towers of the Golden Gate Bridge 20 On February 16 1990 Cisco Systems went public with a market capitalization of 224 million and was listed on the NASDAQ stock exchange On August 28 1990 Lerner was fired Upon hearing the news her husband Bosack resigned in protest 21 Although Cisco was not the first company to develop and sell dedicated network nodes 22 it was one of the first to sell commercially successful routers supporting multiple network protocols 23 Classical CPU based architecture of early Cisco devices coupled with flexibility of operating system IOS allowed for keeping up with evolving technology needs by means of frequent software upgrades Some popular models of that time such as Cisco 2500 managed to stay in production for almost a decade virtually unchanged The company was quick to capture the emerging service provider environment entering the SP market with product lines such as Cisco 7000 and Cisco 8500 24 Between 1992 and 1994 Cisco acquired several companies in Ethernet switching such as Kalpana 25 Grand Junction 26 and most notably Mario Mazzola s Crescendo Communications 27 which together formed the Catalyst business unit At the time the company envisioned layer 3 routing and layer 2 Ethernet Token Ring switching as complementary functions of different intelligence and architecture the former was slow and complex the latter was fast but simple This philosophy dominated the company s product lines throughout the 1990s 24 In 1995 John Morgridge was succeeded by John T Chambers 28 1996 2005 Internet and silicon intelligence Edit John T Chambers led Cisco as its CEO between 1995 and 2015 Pictured at 2010 World Economic Forum in Davos Switzerland The Internet Protocol IP became widely adopted in the mid to late 1990s 29 Cisco introduced products ranging from modem access shelves AS5200 to core GSR routers making them a major player in the market 29 In late March 2000 at the height of the dot com bubble Cisco became the most valuable company in the world with a market capitalization of more than 500 billion 6 30 As of July 2014 with a market cap of about US 129 billion 31 it was still one of the most valuable companies 32 The perceived complexity of programming routing functions in silicon led to the formation of several startups determined to find new ways to process IP and MPLS packets entirely in hardware and blur boundaries between routing and switching One of them Juniper Networks shipped their first product in 1999 and by 2000 chipped away about 30 from Cisco SP Market share In response Cisco later developed homegrown ASICs and fast processing cards for GSR routers and Catalyst 6500 switches In 2004 Cisco also started the migration to new high end hardware CRS 1 and software architecture IOS XR 33 2006 2012 The Human Network Edit Russian President Dmitry Medvedev and California Gov Arnold Schwarzenegger at Cisco 2010 34 As part of a rebranding campaign in 2006 Cisco Systems adopted the shortened name Cisco and created The Human Network advertising campaign 35 These efforts were meant to make Cisco a household brand a strategy designed to support the low end Linksys products and future consumer products 24 On the more traditional business side Cisco continued to develop its routing switching and security portfolio The quickly growing importance of Ethernet also influenced the company s product lines Limits of IOS and aging Crescendo architecture also forced Cisco to look at merchant silicon in the carrier Ethernet segment This resulted in a new ASR 9000 product family intended to consolidate the company s carrier ethernet and subscriber management business around EZChip based hardware and IOS XR 24 Throughout the mid 2000s Cisco also built a significant presence in India establishing its Globalization Centre East in Bangalore for 1 billion 36 Cisco also expanded into new markets by acquisition one example being a 2009 purchase of mobile specialist Starent Networks 37 Cisco continued to be challenged by both domestic competitors Alcatel Lucent Juniper Networks and an overseas competitor Huawei Due to lower than expected profit in 2011 Cisco reduced annual expenses by 1 billion The company cut around 3 000 employees with an early retirement program who accepted a buyout and planned to eliminate as many as 10 000 jobs around 14 percent of the 73 400 total employees before curtailment 38 39 During the 2011 analyst call Cisco s CEO John Chambers called out several competitors by name 40 including Juniper and HP On July 24 2012 Cisco received approval from the EU to acquire NDS a TV software developer for US 5 billion 41 In 2013 Cisco sold its Linksys home router unit to Belkin International Inc signaling a shift to sales to businesses rather than consumers 42 Present day Edit Former Portuguese President Cavaco Silva former Cisco CEO John Chambers and Cisco Senior Director of Innovation Helder Antunes during the 2011 presidential visit to the US On July 23 2013 Cisco Systems announced a definitive agreement to acquire Sourcefire for 2 7 billion 43 On August 14 2013 Cisco Systems announced it would cut 4 000 jobs from its workforce which was roughly 6 starting in 2014 44 At the end of 2013 Cisco announced poor revenue due to depressed sales in emerging markets caused by economic uncertainty and by fears of the National Security Agency planting backdoors in its products 45 In April 2014 Cisco announced funding for early stage firms to focus on the Internet of Things The investment fund was allocated to investments in IoT accelerators and startups such as The Alchemist Accelerator Ayla Networks and EVRYTHNG 46 Later that year the company announced it was laying off another 6 000 workers or 8 of its global workforce as part of a second restructuring 47 On November 4 2014 Cisco announced an investment in Stratoscale 48 On May 4 2015 Cisco announced CEO and Chairman John Chambers would step down as CEO on July 26 2015 but remain chairman Chuck Robbins senior vice president of worldwide sales amp operations and 17 year Cisco veteran was announced as the next CEO 49 On July 23 2015 Cisco announced the divestiture of its television set top box and cable modem business to Technicolor SA for 600 million 50 a division originally formed by Cisco s 6 9 billion purchase of Scientific Atlanta The deal came as part of Cisco s gradual exit from the consumer market and as part of an effort by Cisco s new leadership to focus on cloud based products in enterprise segments Cisco indicated that it would still collaborate with Technicolor on video products 51 On November 19 2015 Cisco alongside ARM Holdings Dell Intel Microsoft and Princeton University founded the OpenFog Consortium to promote interests and development in fog computing 52 In January 2016 Cisco invested in VeloCloud a software defined WAN SD WAN start up with a cloud offering for configuring and optimizing branch office networks Cisco contributed to VeloCloud s 27 million Series C round led by March Capital Partners 53 In February 2017 Cisco launched a cloud based secure internet gateway called Cisco Umbrella to provide safe internet access to users who do not use their corporate networks or VPNs to connect to remote data centers 54 Immediately after reporting their fourth quarter earnings for 2017 Cisco s price per share value jumped by over 7 while its Earnings per share ratio increased from 60 to 61 cents per share due in part to Cisco s outperformance of analyst expectations 55 In September 2017 Chambers announced that he would step down from the executive chairman role at the end of his term on the board in December 2017 56 On December 11 2017 Robbins was elected to succeed Chambers as executive chairman while retaining his role as CEO and Chambers was given the title of Chairman Emeritus 57 58 Reuters reported that Cisco Systems Inc s CSCO O product revenue in Russia grew 20 percent in 2017 ahead of Cisco s technology product revenue growth in the other so called BRIC countries of Brazil China and India 59 60 On May 1 2018 Cisco Systems agreed to buy AI driven business intelligence startup Accompany for 270 million 61 62 As of June 2018 Cisco Systems ranked 444th on Forbes Global 2000 list with 221 3 billion market cap 63 In 2019 Cisco acquired CloudCherry a customer experience management company and Voicea an artificial intelligence company 64 65 66 In 2019 Cisco also introduced the Silicon One ASIC chip with the G100 model reaching a speed of 25 6tb sec 67 The Silicon One competes against the Tomahawk series by Broadcom the Nvidia Spectrum the Marvell Teralynx and the Intel Tofino 68 In March 2020 SVP and GM of Enterprise Networking David Goeckeler left to become CEO of Western Digital Corp and was replaced by Todd Nightingale head of Cisco Meraki 69 In October 2022 Cisco announced a partnership adding the Microsoft Teams app to its meeting devices 70 Finance EditFor the fiscal year 2018 Cisco reported earnings of US 0 1 billion with an annual revenue of US 49 3 billion an increase of 2 8 over the previous fiscal cycle Cisco s shares traded at over 43 per share and its market capitalization was valued at US 213 2 billion in September 2018 Low Net Income for fiscal year 2018 was attributed to a one time tax charge that allowed Cisco to bring back capital from overseas Cisco used this money it was able to bring back at a lower tax rate to fund share buybacks and acquisitions Year Revenuein mil US Net incomein mil US Total Assetsin mil US Price per Sharein US Employees2000 71 2001 71 22 293 1 014 35 238 16 692002 71 18 915 1 893 37 795 11 802003 72 18 878 3 578 37 107 14 382004 72 22 045 4 401 35 594 17 442005 72 24 801 5 741 33 883 14 672006 73 28 484 5 580 43 315 17 45 49 9302007 74 34 922 7 333 53 340 23 07 61 5602008 75 39 540 8 052 58 734 18 15 66 1302009 76 36 117 6 134 68 128 16 14 65 5502010 77 40 040 7 767 81 130 18 74 70 7002011 78 43 218 6 490 87 095 14 10 71 8302012 79 46 061 8 041 91 759 15 34 66 6402013 80 48 607 9 983 101 191 19 20 75 0492014 81 47 142 7 853 105 070 21 22 74 0422015 82 49 161 8 981 113 373 25 09 71 8332016 83 49 247 10 739 121 652 26 83 73 7002017 84 48 005 9 609 129 818 31 97 72 9002018 85 49 330 11 0 108 784 43 65 74 2002019 86 51 904 11 621 97 793 55 84 75 900Corporate structure EditAcquisitions and subsidiaries Edit Further information List of acquisitions by Cisco CloudLock a Cisco cloud computing security subsidiary Cisco acquired a variety of companies to spin products and talent into the company In 1995 1996 the company completed 11 acquisitions 87 Several acquisitions such as Stratacom 88 were one of the biggest deals in the industry when they occurred 89 During the Internet boom in 1999 the company acquired Cerent Corporation a start up company located in Petaluma California for about US 7 billion 90 It was the most expensive acquisition made by Cisco to that date and only the acquisition of Scientific Atlanta has been larger 91 In 1999 Cisco also acquired a stake for 1 billion in KPMG Consulting to enable establishing Internet firm Metrius founded by Keyur Patel of Fuse 92 Several acquired companies have grown into 1Bn business units for Cisco including LAN switching Enterprise Voice over Internet Protocol VOIP platform Webex and home networking The latter came as result of Cisco acquiring Linksys in 2003 and in 2010 was supplemented with new product line dubbed Cisco Valet Cisco announced on January 12 2005 that it would acquire Airespace for US 450 million to reinforce the wireless controller product lines 93 Cisco announced on January 4 2007 that it would buy IronPort in a deal valued at US 830 million 94 95 and completed the acquisition on June 25 2007 96 IronPort was best known for its IronPort AntiSpam its SenderBase email reputation service and its email security appliances Accordingly IronPort was integrated into the Cisco Security business unit 97 Ironport s Senderbase was renamed as Sensorbase to take account of the input into this database that other Cisco devices provide 98 SensorBase allows these devices to build a risk profile on IP addresses therefore allowing risk profiles to be dynamically created on http sites and SMTP email sources 99 In 2010 Cisco bought Starent Networks a mobile packet core company for 2 9 billion 100 101 and Moto Development Group a product design consulting firm that helped develop Cisco s Flip video camera 102 103 Also in 2010 Cisco became a key stakeholder in e Skills Week In March 2011 Cisco completed the acquisition of privately held network configuration and change management software company Pari Networks 104 Although many buy ins such as Crescendo Networks in 1993 Tandberg in 2010 resulted in acquisition of flagship technology to Cisco many others have failed partially or completely 105 For instance in 2010 Cisco occupied a meaningful share of the packet optical market 106 revenues were still not on par with US 7 billion price tag paid in 1999 for Cerent Some of acquired technologies such as Flip from Pure Digital saw their product lines terminated 107 108 Bengaluru India Munich Germany Oslo NorwayCisco campuses all over the world Cisco announced on March 15 2012 that it would acquire NDS Group for 5bn 109 110 The transaction was completed on July 30 2012 111 In January 2013 Cisco Systems acquired Israeli software maker Intucell for around 475 million in cash a move to expand its mobile network management offerings 112 113 In the same month Cisco Systems acquired Cognitive Security a company focused on Cyber Threat Protection Cisco also acquired SolveDirect cloud services in March 2013 114 and UK based Ubiquisys mobile software in April 2013 for 310 million 115 Cisco acquired cyber security firm Sourcefire in October 2013 116 On June 16 2014 Cisco announced that it has completed the acquisition of ThreatGRID a company that provided dynamic malware analysis and threat intelligence technology 117 On June 17 2014 Cisco announced its intent to acquire privately held Tail f Systems a leader in configuration management software 118 119 On April 2 2015 Cisco announced plans to buy Embrane a software defined networking startup The deal will give Cisco Embrane s software platform which provides layer 3 7 network services for things such as firewalls VPN termination server load balancers and SSL offload 120 On May 7 2015 Cisco announced plans to buy Tropo 121 a cloud API platform that simplifies the addition of real time communications and collaboration capabilities within applications 122 On June 30 2015 Cisco acquired privately held OpenDNS the company best known for its DNS service that adds a level of security by monitoring domain name requests 123 On August 6 2015 Cisco announced that it has completed the acquisition of privately held MaintenanceNet the US based company best known for its cloud based contract management platform ServiceExchange 124 On the same month Cisco acquired Pawaa a privately held company in Bangalore India that provides secure on premises and cloud based file sharing software 125 On September 30 2015 Cisco announced its intent to acquire privately held Portcullis Computer Security a UK based company that provides cybersecurity services to enterprise clients and the government sectors 126 On October 26 2015 Cisco announced its intent to acquire ParStream a privately held company based in Cologne Germany that provides an analytics database that allows companies to analyze large amounts of data and store it in near real time anywhere in the network 127 On October 27 2015 Cisco announced that it would acquire Lancope a company that focuses on detecting threat activity for 452 5 million in a cash and equity deal 128 On June 28 2016 Cisco announced its intent to acquire CloudLock a privately held cloud security company founded in 2011 by three Israeli military veterans 129 for 293 million 130 The deal was expected to close in the first quarter of 2017 In August 2016 Cisco announced it is getting closer to making a deal to acquire Springpath the startup whose technology is used in Cisco s HyperFlex Systems Cisco already owns an undisclosed stake in the hyper converged provider 131 In January 2017 Cisco announced they would acquire AppDynamics a company that monitors application performance for 3 7 billion The acquisition came just one day before AppDynamics was set to IPO 132 On January 26 2017 Cisco founded the Innovation Alliance in Germany with eleven other companies bringing together 40 sites and 2 000 staff to provide small businesses in Germany with expertise 133 On August 1 2017 Cisco completed the acquisition of Viptela Inc for 610 million in cash and assumed equity awards 134 Viptela was a privately held software defined wide area network SD WAN company based in San Jose Ca On October 23 2017 Cisco Systems announced it would be acquiring Broadsoft for 1 9 Billion to further entrench itself in the cloud communication and collaboration area 135 On August 7 2020 Cisco completed its acquisition of network intelligence company ThousandEyes 136 On October 1 2020 Cisco announced that it would be acquiring Israeli startup Portshift for a reported 100 million 137 On December 7 2020 Cisco announced that it would be acquiring Slido to improve Q amp A polls and engagement in WebEx videoconferencing 138 On December 7 2020 Cisco announced the acquisition of U K based IMImobile in a 730M deal 139 On May 3 2021 Cisco completed its acquisition of Q amp A and polling platform Slido which they offered both as a standalone product and with integrations 140 141 142 Ownership Edit As of 2017 Cisco Systems shares are mainly held by institutional investors The Vanguard Group BlackRock State Street Corporation and others 143 Facilities Edit Cisco is headquartered in San Jose California at 170 West Tasman Dr with dozens of buildings comprising its corporate campus 144 Over 15 000 full time employees are based at the San Jose campus and the surrounding Bay Area 145 Cisco s second largest campus in the United States is located at Research Triangle Park in North Carolina with 7 000 employees spanning across 12 buildings 146 In August 2020 Cisco announced the creation of a new 130 000 square feet Midwest headquarters in Chicago at the Old Chicago Main Post Office accommodating 1 200 employees 147 148 Cisco maintains over 200 corporate offices in more than 80 countries In July 2021 Cisco announced all employees the option to work remotely on a permanent basis 149 150 Products and services EditMain article List of Cisco products Cisco SG300 28 Rackmount switch top and Cisco EPC 3010 modem bottom Cisco s products and services focus on three market segments enterprise service provider midsize and small business Cisco provides IT products and services across five major technology areas Networking including Ethernet optical wireless and mobility Security Collaboration including voice video and data Data Center and the Internet of Things 151 Cisco has grown increasingly popular in the Asia Pacific region over the last three decades when and is the dominant vendor in the Australian market with leadership across all market segments 152 It uses its Australian office as one of the main headquarters for the Asia Pacific region 153 VoIP services Edit Cisco became a major provider of Voice over IP to enterprises and is now moving into the home user market through its acquisitions of Scientific Atlanta and Linksys Scientific Atlanta provides VoIP equipment to cable service providers such as Time Warner Cablevision Rogers Communications UPC and others Linksys has partnered with companies such as Skype Microsoft and Yahoo to integrate consumer VoIP services with wireless and cordless phones Hosted Collaboration Solution HCS Edit Cisco partners can offer cloud based services based on Cisco s virtualized Unified Computing System UCS A part of the Cisco Unified Services Delivery Solution that includes hosted versions of Cisco Unified Communications Manager UCM Cisco Unified Contact Center Cisco Unified Mobility Cisco Unified Presence Cisco Unity Connection unified messaging and Cisco Webex Meeting Center 154 Network Emergency Response 155 Edit A Cisco 8851 IP Phone As part of its Crisis Response initiative Cisco maintains several Network Emergency Response Vehicles NERV s 156 The vehicles are maintained and deployed by Cisco employees during natural disasters and other public crises The vehicles are self contained and provide wired and wireless services including voice and radio interoperability voice over IP network based video surveillance and secured high definition video conferencing for leaders and first responders in crisis areas with up to 3 72 Mbit s of bandwidth up and down via a 1 8 meter satellite antenna 157 158 NERVs are based at Cisco headquarters sites in San Jose California and at Research Triangle Park North Carolina allowing strategic deployment in North America They can become fully operational within 15 minutes of arrival High capacity diesel fuel tanks allow the largest vehicles to run for up to 72 hours continuously 159 The NERV has been deployed to incidents such as the October 2007 California wildfires hurricanes Gustav Ike and Katrina the 2010 San Bruno gas pipeline explosion tornado outbreaks in North Carolina and Alabama in 2011 and Hurricane Sandy in 2012 160 161 The Crisis Response Operations team maintains and deploys smaller more portable communication kits to emergencies outside of North America In 2010 the team deployed to assist in earthquake recovery in Haiti and Christchurch New Zealand In 2011 they deployed to flooding in Brazil as well as in response to the 2011 earthquake and tsunami in Japan 156 162 In 2011 Cisco received the Innovation Preparedness award from the American Red Cross Silicon Valley Chapter for its development and use of these vehicles in disasters 163 Certifications Edit Main article Cisco certifications Cisco headquarters in the North San Jose Innovation District Cisco Systems also sponsors a line of IT professional certifications for Cisco products 164 There are five path to network designers levels of certification Entry CCT Associate CCNA CCDA Specialist Cisco Certified Specialist Professional CCNP CCDP Expert CCIE CCDE and recently Architect CCAr CCDE previous 165 as well as eight different paths Collaboration CyberOps Data Center DevNet Enterprise Security and Service Provider A number of specialist technicians sales and datacenter certifications are also available Cisco also provides training for these certifications via a portal called the Cisco Networking Academy Qualifying schools can become members of the Cisco Networking Academy and then provide CCNA level or other level courses Cisco Academy Instructors must be CCNA certified to be a CCAI certified instructor Cisco is involved with technical education in 180 countries with its Cisco Academy program 166 In March 2013 Cisco announced its interest in Myanmar by investing in two Cisco Networking Academies in Yangon and Mandalay and a channel partner network 167 Corporate affairs EditAwards and accolades Edit In 2010 Secretary of State Hillary Clinton awarded Cisco the Secretary of State s Award for Corporate Excellence which was presented in Jerusalem by Ambassador James B Cunningham to Cisco Senior Manager Zika Abzuk Cisco products including IP phones and Telepresence have been seen in movies and TV series 168 The company was featured in the documentary film Something Ventured which premiered in 2011 169 Cisco was a 2002 03 recipient of the Ron Brown Award 170 171 a U S presidential honor to recognize companies for the exemplary quality of their relationships with employees and communities 170 Cisco ranked number one in Great Place to Work s World s Best Workplaces 2019 172 In 2020 Fortune magazine ranked Cisco Systems at number four on their Fortune List of the Top 100 Companies to Work For in 2020 based on an employee survey of satisfaction 173 According to a report by technology consulting firm LexInnova Cisco was one of the leading recipients of network security related patents with the largest portfolio within other companies 6 442 security related patents in 2015 174 Controversies Edit Cisco Live 2007 in Anaheim California Cisco Live is the company s annual exposition and conference Shareholder relations Edit A class action lawsuit filed on April 20 2001 accused Cisco of making misleading statements that were relied on by purchasers of Cisco stock and of insider trading 175 While Cisco denied all allegations in the suit on August 18 2006 Cisco s liability insurers its directors and officers paid the plaintiffs US 91 75 million to settle the suit 176 Intellectual property disputes Edit On December 11 2008 the Free Software Foundation filed suit against Cisco regarding Cisco s failure to comply with the GPL and LGPL licenses and make the applicable source code publicly available 177 On May 20 2009 Cisco settled this lawsuit by complying with FSF licensing terms and making a monetary contribution to the FSF 178 In October 2020 Cisco was ordered to pay US 1 9 billion to Centripetal Networks for infringement on four cybersecurity patents 179 Censorship in China Edit Cisco has been criticized for its involvement in censorship in the People s Republic of China 180 According to author Ethan Gutmann Cisco and other telecommunications equipment providers supplied the Chinese government with surveillance and Internet infrastructure equipment that is used to block Internet websites and track online activities in China 181 Cisco has stated that it does not customize or develop specialized or unique filtering capabilities to enable governments to block access to information and that it sells the same equipment in China as it sells worldwide 182 Wired News had uncovered a leaked confidential Cisco PowerPoint presentation that detailed the commercial opportunities of the Golden Shield Project of Internet control 183 In May 2011 a group of Falun Gong practitioners filed a lawsuit under the Alien Tort Statute alleging that Cisco knowingly developed and customized its product to assist the Chinese government in prosecution and abuse of Falun Gong practitioners 184 The lawsuit was dismissed in September 2014 185 by the United States District Court for the Northern District of California which decision was appealed to United States Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit 186 in September 2015 Tax fraud investigation Edit In October 2007 employees of Cisco s Brazilian unit were arrested on charges that they had imported equipment without paying import duties In response Cisco stated that they do not import directly into Brazil and instead use middlemen 187 188 Antitrust lawsuit Edit On December 1 2008 Multiven filed an antitrust lawsuit 195 against Cisco Systems Inc Multiven s complaint alleges that Cisco harmed Multiven and consumers by bundling and tying bug fixes patches and updates for its operating system software to its maintenance services SMARTnet In May 2010 Cisco accused the person who filed the antitrust suit British Nigerian technology entrepreneur Peter Alfred Adekeye with hacking and pressured the US government to extradite him from Canada Cisco settled the antitrust lawsuit two months after Alfred Adekeye s arrest by making its software updates available to all Multiven customers 196 197 198 Remotely monitoring users connections Edit Cisco s Linksys E2700 E3500 E4500 devices have been reported to be remotely updated to a firmware version that forces users to register for a cloud service allows Cisco to monitor their network use and ultimately shut down the cloud service account and thus render the affected router unusable 199 200 Firewall backdoor developed by NSA Edit According to the German magazine Der Spiegel the NSA has developed JETPLOW for gaining access to ASA series 5505 5510 5520 5540 and 5550 and 500 series PIX Firewalls 201 Cisco s Chief Security Officer addressed the allegations publicly and denied working with any government to weaken Cisco products for exploitation or to implement security back doors 202 A document included in the trove of National Security Agency files released with Glenn Greenwald s book No Place to Hide details how the agency s Tailored Access Operations TAO unit and other NSA employees intercept servers routers and other network gear being shipped to organizations targeted for surveillance and install covert firmware onto them before they are delivered These Trojan horse systems were described by an NSA manager as being some of the most productive operations in TAO because they pre position access points into hard target networks around the world 203 Cisco denied the allegations in a customer document 204 saying that no information was included about specific Cisco products supply chain intervention or implant techniques or new security vulnerabilities Cisco s general counsel also said that Cisco does not work with any government including the United States government to weaken its products 205 The allegations are reported to have prompted the company s CEO to express concern to the President of the United States 206 Whistle blowers like Edward Snowden 207 and journalist reporter Julian Assange have echoed similar sentiments publicly 208 Spherix patent suit Edit In March 2014 Cisco Systems was sued for patent infringement Spherix says that over 43 billion of Cisco s sales infringe on old Nortel patents owned by Spherix Officials with Spherix are saying that a wide range of Cisco products from switches to routers infringe on 11 former Nortel patents that the company now owns 209 India Net censorship role Edit As of April 2020 update Cisco Systems is alleged to be helping the Indian Jammu and Kashmir administration build a firewall that will prevent Internet users in Kashmir from accessing blacklisted websites including social media portals through fixed line connections 210 Cisco denies the allegations 211 Caste discrimination lawsuit Edit In 2020 a lawsuit was initiated against Cisco and two of its employees by the California Department of Fair Employment and Housing for alleged discrimination against an Indian engineer on account of him being from a lower caste than them 212 213 Xinjiang region Edit In 2020 the Australian Strategic Policy Institute accused at least 82 major brands including Cisco of being connected to forced Uyghur labor in Xinjiang 214 See also Edit Telecommunication portal Companies portalMass surveillance in the United States Cisco Certifications Cisco IOS Packet Tracer Cisco Catalyst Cisco DevNet Cisco Express Forwarding Cisco Discovery Protocol Cisco Security Agent Cisco Systems VPN Client Cisco WebEx Cisco FieldReferences Edit Contact Cisco Retrieved March 1 2017 Cisco Annual Report 2022 p 11 PDF Retrieved January 11 2023 Cisco Systems Inc Fiscal 2022 Annual Report Form 10 K U S Securities and Exchange Commission September 8 2022 Cisco Form 10 K Annual Report Filing Date Sep 12 2012 PDF secdatabase com Retrieved March 25 2013 Cisco Systems 2021 Fortune 500 Fortune Retrieved December 30 2021 a b Cisco pushes past Microsoft in market value CBS Marketwatch March 25 2000 Retrieved January 25 2007 Cisco ascends to most valuable company CNET Retrieved January 16 2022 Cisco CSCO Market capitalization companiesmarketcap com Retrieved November 21 2020 Browning E S June 1 2009 Travelers Cisco Replace Citi GM in Dow The Wall Street Journal Dow Jones amp Company Inc Retrieved June 2 2009 WIRED Staff Cisco to be Added to the Dow on June 8 Wired Retrieved December 29 2021 100 Best Companies to Work For Fortune Retrieved December 29 2021 Snouwaert Jessica April 1 2020 The 25 best companies to work for based on employee satisfaction Business Insider Retrieved July 30 2021 Top Companies 2021 The 50 best workplaces to grow your career in the U S linkedin com Retrieved December 29 2021 Best Places to Work Glassdoor Retrieved December 30 2021 Toscano Paul April 17 2013 Tech Companies Are Doing It Wrong Cisco Co Founder CNBC Retrieved September 23 2015 a b c d e f Carey Pete A start up s true tale San Jose Mercury News Retrieved July 26 2012 John Dix March 27 2006 The creator of the multiprotocol router reflects on the development of the device that fueled the growth of networking networkworld Cisco s Acquisition Strategy Case Studies in Business Strategy ICMR IV 2 January 2004 BSTR083 Retrieved December 21 2009 Former Cisco CEO John Morgridge to Give 2012 GSB Graduation Address Stanford Graduate School of Business Retrieved November 27 2018 Leung Wendy May 27 2012 Happy 75th Birthday to our Golden Gate Bridge Archived from the original on March 27 2014 Retrieved March 26 2014 Does Pink Make You Puke Forbes August 25 1997 Retrieved June 28 2011 I Cringely NerdTV Transcript PBS Pbs org Retrieved November 13 2008 Pennell Ian June 14 2004 The Evolution of Access Routing Cisco claim of first multi protocol router Interview Cisco Archived from the original on July 7 2007 Retrieved January 4 2009 a b c d Brandt Richard Bunnell David Brate Adam February 29 2000 Making the Cisco Connection The Story Behind the Real Internet Superpower John Wiley amp Sons ISBN 9780471357117 Fisher Lawrence M October 25 1994 COMPANY NEWS Cisco to Buy Major Maker Of Switches The New York Times Retrieved November 27 2018 Bloomberg News September 28 1995 COMPANY NEWS CISCO SYSTEMS AGREES TO BUY GRAND JUNCTION NETWORKS The New York Times Retrieved November 27 2018 Cisco Systems closes 97 million acquisition of Crescendo Communications UPI Retrieved November 27 2018 Cisco Form PRE 14A Filing Date Sep 19 1995 secdatabase com Retrieved March 25 2013 a b Waters John K October 31 2002 John Chambers and the Cisco Way Navigating Through Volatility John Wiley amp Sons ISBN 9780471273554 Cisco replaces Microsoft as world s most valuable company The Indian Express India Reuters March 25 2000 Archived from the original on January 16 2013 Retrieved January 25 2007 Cisco Systems Summary Finance yahoo com Retrieved November 26 2011 Fost Dan May 5 2006 Chron 200 Market capitalization San Francisco Chronicle Retrieved January 25 2007 Stephen Lawson InfoWorld Cisco s CRS 1 router reaches five year milestone May 27 2009 Retrieved July 10 2018 Visit to Cisco Welcome to the Human Network PDF Cisco Systems 2006 Retrieved February 12 2014 Segal Adam January 10 2011 Chapter 8 Promoting Innovation at Home Advantage How American Innovation Can Overcome the Asian Challenge W W Norton p 191 ISBN 978 0 393 06878 8 Vance Ashlee October 13 2009 Cisco Buys Starent Networks for 2 9 Billion The New York Times Retrieved November 27 2018 Svensson Peter Cisco to cut costs and jobs as profit stalls May 12 2011 Christian Science Monitor Accessed August 2 2012 Vance Ashlee July 12 2011 Cisco said to Plan Cutting Up to 10 000 Jobs to Buoy Profit Bloomberg Retrieved September 10 2011 Cisco CEO We Were Fat September 14 2011 Retrieved January 5 2016 Cisco Receives EU Approval to Acquires NDS BrightWire Archived from the original on January 16 2013 Retrieved July 24 2012 Cisco Sells Linksys Home Router Unit to Belkin Bloomberg com Bloomberg January 24 2013 Worldwide Cisco Announces Agreement to Acquire Sourcefire Inc Cisco Systems Cisco com Retrieved July 24 2013 Cisco to cut 4 000 jobs CNN Money Retrieved August 14 2013 Stephen Lawson November 13 2013 Cisco issues grim forecast after falling short on revenue PCWorld Retrieved January 5 2016 Cisco Investments Allocates 150 Million to Fund Early Stage Firms Around the Globe Retrieved November 27 2018 Cisco to lay off 6 000 workers in second restructuring San Jose News Net August 13 2014 Retrieved August 14 2014 Joseph F Kovar November 4 2014 Cisco Intel Invest In Hyper Converged Infrastructure Player Stratoscale Crn com Retrieved January 3 2016 Cisco s Chambers to step down as CEO to be executive chairman Reuters May 4 2015 Retrieved May 4 2015 Cisco sells set top box business to Technicolor for 600 million Fortune Retrieved July 8 2020 Technicolor to Buy Cisco s Set Top Box Unit for About 600 Million The Wall Street Journal July 22 2015 Retrieved July 25 2015 Janakiram MSV April 18 2016 Is Fog Computing the Next Big Thing in the Internet of Things Forbes Magazine Retrieved April 18 2016 Jim Duffy Network World Cisco puts its money where the WAN is January 14 2016 January 18 2016 Earls Eamon McCarthy February 16 2017 Cisco opens 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PDF 2008 Annual Report PDF 2009 Annual Report PDF 2010 Annual Report PDF 2011 Annual Report PDF 2012 Annual Report PDF 2013 Annual Report PDF 2014 Annual Report PDF 2015 Annual Report PDF 2016 Annual Report PDF 2017 Annual Report PDF Last10K com CISCO SYSTEMS INC CSCO 10K Annual Reports amp 10Q SEC Filings last10k com Retrieved November 18 2018 Cisco 2019 Annual Report PDF Garza George January 9 2011 The History of Cisco Retrieved January 28 2011 Lawrence M Fisher Cisco Agrees to Acquire Stratacom In a Stock Swap Worth 4 Billion The New York Times April 23 1996 Carroll Paul B April 23 1996 Cisco to Buy StrataCom For 4 Billion in Stock The Wall Street Journal Retrieved June 16 2020 Cisco Form 8 K Current Report Filing Date Aug 26 1999 secdatabase com Retrieved March 25 2013 Cisco Form 10 Q Quarterly Report Filing Date Nov 23 2005 PDF secdatabase com Retrieved March 25 2013 Holson Laura M August 8 1999 KPMG amp Cisco The New York Times Hochmuth Phil January 12 2005 Cisco nets Airespace 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U S cyber defense Reuters The Thomson Reuters Retrieved November 18 2022 Jeffrey Burt March 27 2014 Cisco Sued for Infringement of Old Nortel Patents eweek Javaid Azaan March 3 2020 US firm helps J amp K build firewall to keep social media off limits even when internet returns ThePrint Retrieved April 6 2020 Cisco Says It s Not Helping The Indian Government Enforce The Kashmiri Internet Blackout BuzzFeed News Iyengar Rishi July 1 2020 California sues Cisco for alleged discrimination against employee because of caste CNN Business California sues Cisco over discrimination against dalit employee The Week Indian magazine July 1 2020 Xu Vicky Xiuzhong Cave Danielle Leibold James Munro Kelsey Ruser Nathan March 1 2020 Uyghurs for sale Australian Strategic Policy Institute Retrieved July 7 2022 Further reading EditBunnell D 2000 Making the Cisco Connection The Story Behind the Real Internet Superpower Wiley ISBN 0 471 35711 1 Bunnell D amp Brate A 2001 Die Cisco Story in German Moderne Industrie ISBN 3 478 35995 3 Paulson E 2001 Inside Cisco The Real Story of Sustained M amp A Growth Wiley ISBN 0 471 41425 5 Slater R 2003 The Eye of the Storm How John Chambers Steered Cisco Through the Technology Collapse HarperCollins ISBN 0 06 018887 1 Stauffer D 2001 Nothing but Net Business the Cisco Way Wiley ISBN 1 84112 087 1 Waters J K 2002 John Chambers and the Cisco Way Navigating Through Volatility Wiley ISBN 0 471 00833 8 Young J S 2001 Cisco Unauthorized Inside the High Stakes Race to Own the Future Prima Lifestyles ISBN 0 7615 2775 3 External links Edit Wikimedia Commons has media related to Cisco Official website Business data for Cisco Systems Inc GoogleSEC filingsYahoo Preceded byGeneral Motors Dow Jones Industrial Average componentJune 8 2009 present Incumbent Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Cisco amp oldid 1141184480, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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