It "assesses countries on how well they are dividing their resources and opportunities among their male and female populations, regardless of the overall levels of these resources and opportunities," the Report says.[2] "By providing a comprehensible framework for assessing and comparing global gender gaps and by revealing those countries that are role models in dividing these resources equitably between women and men, the Report serves as a catalyst for greater awareness as well as greater exchange between policymakers."[2]
The report's Gender Gap Index ranks countries according to calculated gender gap between women and men in four key areas: health, education, economy and politics to gauge the state of gender equality in a country.
The report examines four overall areas of inequality between men and women in 130 economies around the globe, over 93% of the world's population:
Economic participation and opportunity – outcomes on salaries, participation levels and access to high-skilled employment
Political empowerment – outcomes on representation in decision-making structures
Health and survival – outcomes on life expectancy and sex ratio. In this case parity is not assumed, there are assumed to be fewer female births than male (944 female for every 1,000 males), and men are assumed to die younger. Provided that women live at least six percent longer than men, parity is assumed. But if it is less than six percent it counts as a gender gap.[3]
This is the upper limiting value of the Gender Gap Index (limes superior) for the female-to-male ratio and for the male-to-female ratio.
WEF Global Gender Gap Index rankings
The highest possible score is 1.0 (equality or better for women, except for lifespan (106% or better for women) and gender parity at birth (94.4% or better for women[9]) and the lowest possible score is 0. Data for some countries are unavailable.[10][11][12] The three highest-ranking countries have closed over 84% of their gender gaps, while the lowest-ranking country has closed only a little over 50% of its gender gap.
The report measures women's disadvantage compared to men, and is not a measure of equality of the gender gap. Gender imbalances to the advantage of women do not affect the score.[17] So, for example, the indicator "number of years of a female head of state (last 50 years) over male value" would score 1 if the number of years was 25, but would still score 1 if the number of years was 50. Due to this methodology, gender gaps that favor women over men are reported as equality and would not cause deficits of equality in other areas to become less visible in the score, excepted for life expectancy. To put it more simply: women could be better off in all areas and still the index would deem that country perfectly equal.
The index is designed to "measure gender-based gaps in access to resources and opportunities in countries rather than the actual level of the available resources and opportunities in those countries."[14]
In an academic publication from 2010, Beneria and Permanyer criticized the Global Gender Gap Index for only capturing inequality in certain aspects of women's lives therefore making it an incomplete measure of gender inequality.[18]
In an academic publication from 2019, Stoet and Geary argued that the Global Gender Gap Index has limitations as a measure of gender equality, because of the way it caps scores and because it ignores specific issues on which men are known to fall behind (e.g., risks of working in hazardous jobs).[19] According to the Global Gender Gap Report 2021, the index do not penalize a country where women outperform men in certain aspect and consider that parity is achieved in life expectancy only if women live five years longer than men.[16]
^ abcdThe Global Gender Gap Report 2018 (GGGR), p. 5, Construction of the Index, § 2. Data truncation at equality benchmark: As a second step, these ratios are truncated at the "equality benchmark”. For all indicators, except the two health indicators, this equality benchmark is considered to be 1, meaning equal numbers of women and men. GGGR 2018, p. 42, Country Score Card: … To calculate the Index, all ratios were truncated at the parity benchmark of 1 and thus the highest score possible is 1.
^ abcdGGGR 2018, p. 6; Table 2: Calculation of weights within each subin-dex
^GGGR 2018, p. 5, Construction of the Index, § 2. Data truncation at equality benchmark: … In the case of sex ratio at birth, the equality benchmark is set at 0.944, GGGR 2018, p. 42, Country Score Card: … except for the sex ratio at birth (0.944)
^GGGR 2018, p. 5, Construction of the Index, § 2. Data trun-cation at equality benchmark: … the case of healthy life expectancy the equality benchmark is set at 1.06. GGGR 2018, p. 42, Country Score Card: … and the healthy life expectancy (1.06) indicators.
^"The Global Gender Gap Report 2013" (PDF). World Economic Forum. pp. 12–13.
^"Global Gender Gap Report 2014 - Reports - World Economic Forum". Global Gender Gap Report 2014.
^"Global Gender Gap Report 2015 - Rankings". World Economic Forum. from the original on 17 April 2016. Retrieved 28 April 2016.
^ ab"Global Gender Gap Report 2017 - Rankings". World Economic Forum. 17 November 2017. Retrieved 17 November 2017.
^"Global Gender Gap Report 2020" (PDF). World Economic Forum. Retrieved 18 December 2019.
^ ab"Global Gender Gap Report 2021" (PDF). World Economic Forum. Retrieved 30 March 2021.
^Ricardo Hausmann, Harvard University, Laura D. Tyson, University of California, Berkeley, Saadia Zahidi, World Economic Forum, Editors (2009). (PDF). World Economic Forum, Geneva, Switzerland. p. 4. Archived from the original (PDF) on April 5, 2013. Retrieved 2009-11-02. (...) the Index rewards countries that reach the point where outcomes for women equal those for men, but it neither rewards nor penalizes cases in which women are outperforming men in particular variables{{cite web}}: |author= has generic name (help)CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
^Beneria, L., Permanyer, I.,(2010). The Measurement of Socio-economic Gender Inequality Revisited, Development and Change, 41:3, pp.375-399
. World Economic Forum. Geneva, Switzerland. Archived from the original on 2008-11-13. Retrieved 2008-11-19.
Daily chart: Sex and equality, The Economist, Oct 25th 2013
Reports
Ricardo Hausmann; Laura D. Tyson; Yasmina Bekhouche; Saadia Zahidi (2014). The Global Gender Gap Index 2014(PDF). World Economic Forum, Geneva, Switzerland. Retrieved 2014-11-26.
Ricardo Hausmann, Laura D. Tyson, Saadia Zahidi, Editors (2013). The Global Gender Gap Report 2013(PDF). World Economic Forum, Geneva, Switzerland. Retrieved 2013-10-26. {{cite book}}: |author= has generic name (help)CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
Ricardo Hausmann, Laura D. Tyson, Saadia Zahidi, Editors (2012). The Global Gender Gap Report 2012(PDF). World Economic Forum, Geneva, Switzerland. Retrieved 2012-10-26. {{cite book}}: |author= has generic name (help)CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
The Global Gender Gap Report 2010(PDF).
Ricardo Hausmann, Laura D. Tyson, Saadia Zahidi, Editors (2010). The Global Gender Gap Report 2010(PDF). World Economic Forum, Geneva, Switzerland. Retrieved 2010-10-20. {{cite book}}: |author= has generic name (help)CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
Ricardo Hausmann, Laura D. Tyson, Saadia Zahidi, Editors (2009). (PDF). World Economic Forum, Geneva, Switzerland. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2013-04-05. Retrieved 2009-11-02. {{cite book}}: |author= has generic name (help)CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
Ricardo Hausmann, Laura D. Tyson, Saadia Zahidi, Editors (2008). The Global Gender Gap Report 2008(PDF). World Economic Forum, Geneva, Switzerland. Retrieved 2008-11-19. {{cite book}}: |author= has generic name (help)CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
Ricardo Hausmann, Laura D. Tyson, Saadia Zahidi, Editors (2007). The Global Gender Gap Report 2007(PDF). World Economic Forum, Geneva, Switzerland. Retrieved 2008-11-19. {{cite book}}: |author= has generic name (help)CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
Ricardo Hausmann, Laura D. Tyson, Saadia Zahidi, Editors (2006). The Global Gender Gap Report 2006(PDF). World Economic Forum, Geneva, Switzerland. Retrieved 2008-11-19. {{cite book}}: |author= has generic name (help)CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
April 04, 2023
global, gender, report, index, designed, measure, gender, equality, first, published, 2006, world, economic, forum, cover, 2008, report, assesses, countries, well, they, dividing, their, resources, opportunities, among, their, male, female, populations, regard. The Global Gender Gap Report is an index designed to measure gender equality It was first published in 2006 by the World Economic Forum 1 Cover of the 2008 report It assesses countries on how well they are dividing their resources and opportunities among their male and female populations regardless of the overall levels of these resources and opportunities the Report says 2 By providing a comprehensible framework for assessing and comparing global gender gaps and by revealing those countries that are role models in dividing these resources equitably between women and men the Report serves as a catalyst for greater awareness as well as greater exchange between policymakers 2 Contents 1 Methodology 2 Upper limiting value of the Gender Gap Index 3 WEF Global Gender Gap Index rankings 4 Limits and criticisms 5 See also 6 Notes 7 References 8 External links 8 1 ReportsMethodology EditThe report s Gender Gap Index ranks countries according to calculated gender gap between women and men in four key areas health education economy and politics to gauge the state of gender equality in a country The report examines four overall areas of inequality between men and women in 130 economies around the globe over 93 of the world s population Economic participation and opportunity outcomes on salaries participation levels and access to high skilled employment Educational attainment outcomes on access to basic and higher level education Political empowerment outcomes on representation in decision making structures Health and survival outcomes on life expectancy and sex ratio In this case parity is not assumed there are assumed to be fewer female births than male 944 female for every 1 000 males and men are assumed to die younger Provided that women live at least six percent longer than men parity is assumed But if it is less than six percent it counts as a gender gap 3 Thirteen out of the fourteen variables used to create the index are from publicly available hard data indicators from international organizations such as the International Labour Organization the United Nations Development Programme and the World Health Organization 4 Upper limiting value of the Gender Gap Index Edit1 Economic participation and opportunity ratio limit 5 weight 6 value Labour force participation 1 0 0 199 0 199 Wage equality for similar work 1 0 0 310 0 310 Estimated earned income 1 0 0 221 0 221 Legislators senior officials and managers 1 0 0 149 0 149 Professional and technical workers 1 0 0 121 0 121 sum 1 0 1 02 Educational attainment ratio limit 5 weight 6 value Literacy rate 1 0 0 191 0 191 Enrolment in primary education 1 0 0 459 0 459 Enrolment in secondary education 1 0 0 229 0 229 Enrolment in tertiary education 1 0 0 121 0 121 sum 1 0 1 03 Health and survival ratio limit 5 weight 6 value Sex ratio at birth 0 944 7 0 693 0 654 Healthy life expectancy 1 060 8 0 307 0 325 sum 1 0 0 9804 Political empowerment ratio limit 5 weight 6 value Women in parliament 1 0 0 310 0 310 Women in ministerial positions 1 0 0 247 0 247 Years with female head of state 1 0 0 443 0 443 sum 1 0 1 0Compilation1 Economic participation and opportunity 1 0002 Educational attainment 1 0003 Health and survival 0 9804 Political empowerment 1 000sum 3 980Gender Gap Index 3 98 4 0 9949This is the upper limiting value of the Gender Gap Index limes superior for the female to male ratio and for the male to female ratio WEF Global Gender Gap Index rankings EditThe highest possible score is 1 0 equality or better for women except for lifespan 106 or better for women and gender parity at birth 94 4 or better for women 9 and the lowest possible score is 0 Data for some countries are unavailable 10 11 12 The three highest ranking countries have closed over 84 of their gender gaps while the lowest ranking country has closed only a little over 50 of its gender gap Global Gender Gap Report 2020 Location Year note 1 Country Region 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 13 2016 14 2017 2018 2020 15 2021 16 2022 Afghanistan South Asia N A N A N A N A N A N A N A N A N A N A N A N A N A N A 0 444 0 435 Albania Europe 0 6607 0 6685 0 6591 0 6601 0 6726 0 6748 0 6655 0 6412 0 6869 0 701 0 704 0 728 0 734 0 769 0 770 0 787 Algeria Africa 0 6018 0 6068 0 6111 0 6119 0 6052 0 5991 0 6112 0 5966 0 6182 0 632 0 642 0 629 0 629 0 634 0 633 0 602 Angola Africa 0 6039 0 6034 0 6032 0 6353 0 6712 0 6624 N A 0 6659 0 6311 0 637 0 643 0 640 0 633 0 660 0 657 0 638 Argentina South America 0 6829 0 6982 0 7209 0 7211 0 7187 0 7236 0 7212 0 7195 0 7317 0 734 0 735 0 732 0 733 0 746 0 752 0 756 Armenia West Asia N A 0 6651 0 6677 0 6619 0 6669 0 6654 0 6636 0 6634 0 6622 0 668 0 669 0 677 0 678 0 684 0 673 0 698 Australia Oceania 0 7163 0 7204 0 7241 0 7282 0 7271 0 7291 0 7294 0 7390 0 7409 0 733 0 721 0 731 0 730 0 731 0 731 0 738 Austria Europe 0 6986 0 7060 0 7153 0 7031 0 7091 0 7165 0 7391 0 7437 0 7266 0 733 0 716 0 709 0 718 0 744 0 777 0 781 Azerbaijan West Asia N A 0 6781 0 6856 0 6626 0 6446 0 6577 0 6546 0 6582 0 6753 0 675 0 684 0 676 0 680 0 687 0 688 0 687 Bahamas Central America N A N A N A 0 7179 0 7128 0 7340 0 7156 0 7128 0 7269 0 728 0 729 0 743 0 741 0 720 0 725 N A Bahrain West Asia 0 5894 0 5931 0 5927 0 6136 0 6217 0 6232 0 6298 0 6334 0 6261 0 644 0 615 0 632 0 627 0 629 0 632 0 632 Bangladesh South Asia 0 6270 0 6314 0 6531 0 6526 0 6702 0 6812 0 6684 0 6848 0 6973 0 704 0 698 0 719 0 721 0 726 0 719 0 714 Barbados Central America N A N A 0 7188 0 7236 0 7176 0 7170 0 7232 0 7301 0 7289 0 744 0 739 0 750 0 753 0 749 0 769 0 765 Belarus Europe N A N A N A N A N A N A N A N A N A 0 734 0 737 0 744 0 747 0 746 0 758 0 750 Belgium Europe 0 7078 0 7198 0 7163 0 7165 0 7509 0 7531 0 7652 0 7684 0 7809 0 753 0 745 0 739 0 738 0 750 0 789 0 793 Belize Central America N A 0 6426 0 6610 0 6636 0 6536 0 6489 0 6465 0 6449 0 6701 0 668 0 676 0 692 0 662 0 671 0 699 0 695 Benin Africa 0 5780 0 5656 0 5582 0 5643 0 5719 0 5832 0 6258 0 5885 N A 0 625 0 636 0 652 0 654 0 658 0 653 0 612 Bhutan South Asia N A N A N A N A N A N A N A 0 6651 0 6364 0 646 0 642 0 638 0 638 0 635 0 639 0 637 Bolivia South America 0 6335 0 6574 0 6667 0 6693 0 6751 0 6862 0 7222 0 7340 0 7049 0 749 0 746 0 758 0 748 0 734 0 722 0 734 Bosnia and Herzegovina Europe N A N A N A N A N A N A N A N A N A N A N A N A N A N A 0 713 0 710 Botswana Africa 0 6897 0 6797 0 6839 0 7071 0 6876 0 6832 0 6744 0 6752 0 7129 0 710 0 715 0 720 0 715 0 709 0 716 0 719 Brazil South America 0 6543 0 6637 0 6737 0 6695 0 6655 0 6679 0 6909 0 6949 0 6941 0 686 0 687 0 684 0 681 0 691 0 695 0 696 Brunei Darussalam Southeast Asia N A N A 0 6392 0 6524 0 6748 0 6787 0 6750 0 6730 0 6719 0 684 0 669 0 671 0 686 0 686 0 678 0 680 Bulgaria Europe 0 6870 0 7085 0 7077 0 7072 0 6983 0 6987 0 7021 0 7097 0 7444 0 722 0 726 0 756 0 756 0 727 0 746 0 740 Burkina Faso Africa 0 5854 0 5912 0 6029 0 6081 0 6162 0 6153 0 6455 0 6513 0 6500 0 651 0 64 0 646 0 629 0 635 0 651 0 659 Burundi Africa N A N A N A N A N A 0 7270 0 7338 0 7397 0 7565 0 748 0 768 0 755 0 741 0 745 0 769 0 777 Cambodia Southeast Asia 0 6291 0 6353 0 6469 0 6410 0 6482 0 6464 0 6457 0 6509 0 6520 0 662 0 658 0 676 0 683 0 694 0 685 0 690 Cameroon Africa 0 5865 0 5919 0 6017 0 6108 0 6110 0 6073 0 6291 0 6560 N A 0 682 0 684 0 689 0 714 0 686 0 692 0 692 Canada North America 0 7165 0 7198 0 7136 0 7196 0 7372 0 7407 0 7381 0 7425 0 7464 0 740 0 731 0 769 0 771 0 772 0 772 0 772 Cape Verde Africa N A N A N A N A N A N A 0 7180 0 7122 0 7133 0 717 0 729 0 686 0 702 0 725 0 716 0 736 Chad Africa 0 5247 0 5381 0 5290 0 5417 0 5330 0 5334 0 5594 0 5588 0 5764 0 580 0 587 0 575 0 580 0 596 0 593 0 579 Chile South America 0 6455 0 6482 0 6818 0 6884 0 7013 0 7030 0 6676 0 6670 0 6975 0 698 0 699 0 704 0 717 0 723 0 716 0 736 China East Asia 0 6561 0 6643 0 6878 0 6907 0 6881 0 6866 0 6853 0 6908 0 6830 0 682 0 676 0 674 0 673 0 676 0 682 0 682 Colombia South America 0 7049 0 7090 0 6944 0 6939 0 6927 0 6714 0 6901 0 7171 0 7122 0 725 0 727 0 731 0 729 0 758 0 725 0 710 Comoros Africa N A N A N A N A N A N A N A N A N A N A N A N A N A N A N A 0 631 Costa Rica Central America 0 6936 0 7014 0 7111 0 7180 0 7194 0 7266 0 7225 0 7241 0 7165 0 732 0 736 0 727 0 749 0 782 0 786 0 796 Cote d Ivoire Africa N A N A N A N A 0 5691 0 5773 0 5785 0 5814 0 5874 0 606 0 597 0 611 0 627 0 606 0 637 0 632 Croatia Europe 0 7145 0 7210 0 6967 0 6944 0 6939 0 7006 0 7053 0 7069 0 7075 0 708 0 7 0 711 0 712 0 720 0 733 N A Cuba Central America N A 0 7169 0 7195 0 7176 0 7253 0 7394 0 7417 0 7540 0 7317 0 740 0 74 0 745 0 749 0 746 0 746 N A Cyprus West Asia 0 6430 0 6522 0 6694 0 6706 0 6642 0 6567 0 6732 0 6801 0 6741 0 671 0 684 0 684 0 684 0 692 0 707 0 696 Czech Republic Europe 0 6712 0 6718 0 6770 0 6789 0 6850 0 6789 0 6767 0 6770 0 6737 0 687 0 69 0 688 0 693 0 706 0 711 0 710 Democratic Republic of the Congo Africa N A N A N A N A N A N A N A N A N A N A N A N A N A N A 0 576 0 575 Denmark Europe 0 7462 0 7519 0 7538 0 7628 0 7719 0 7778 0 7777 0 7779 0 8025 0 767 0 754 0 776 0 778 0 782 0 768 0 764 Dominican Republic Central America 0 6639 0 6705 0 6744 0 6859 0 6774 0 6682 0 6659 0 6867 0 6906 0 686 0 676 0 697 0 701 0 700 0 699 0 703 Ecuador South America 0 6433 0 6881 0 7091 0 7220 0 7072 0 7035 0 7206 0 7389 0 7455 0 738 0 726 0 724 0 729 0 729 0 739 0 743 Egypt Africa 0 5786 0 5809 0 5832 0 5862 0 5899 0 5933 0 5975 0 5935 0 6064 0 599 0 614 0 608 0 614 0 629 0 639 0 635 El Salvador Central America 0 6837 0 6853 0 6875 0 6939 0 6596 0 6567 0 6630 0 6609 0 6863 0 706 0 702 0 705 0 690 0 706 0 738 0 727 Estonia Europe 0 6944 0 7008 0 7076 0 7094 0 7018 0 6983 0 6977 0 6997 0 7017 0 749 0 747 0 731 0 734 0 751 0 733 0 733 Eswatini Africa N A N A N A N A N A N A N A N A N A 0 670 0 665 0 670 N A N A 0 729 0 728 Ethiopia Africa 0 5946 0 5991 0 5867 0 5948 0 6019 0 6136 0 6200 0 6198 0 6144 0 640 0 662 0 656 0 656 0 705 0 691 0 710 Fiji Oceania N A N A N A 0 6414 0 6256 0 6255 0 6285 0 6286 0 6286 0 645 N A N A 0 669 0 678 0 674 0 676 Finland Europe 0 7958 0 8044 0 8195 0 8252 0 8260 0 8383 0 8451 0 8421 0 8453 0 850 0 845 0 823 0 821 0 832 0 861 0 860 France Europe 0 6520 0 6824 0 7341 0 7331 0 7025 0 7018 0 6984 0 7089 0 7588 0 761 0 755 0 778 0 779 0 781 0 784 0 791 Gambia The Africa 0 6448 0 6421 0 6622 0 6752 0 6762 0 6763 0 6630 N A N A 0 674 0 667 0 649 0 642 0 628 0 644 0 641 Georgia West Asia 0 6700 0 6665 0 6654 0 6680 0 6598 0 6624 0 6691 0 6750 0 6855 0 687 0 681 0 679 0 677 0 708 0 732 0 731 Germany Europe 0 7524 0 7618 0 7394 0 7449 0 7530 0 7590 0 7629 0 7583 0 7780 0 779 0 766 0 778 0 776 0 787 0 796 0 801 Ghana Africa 0 6653 0 6725 0 6679 0 6704 0 6782 0 6811 0 6778 0 6811 0 6661 0 704 0 705 0 695 0 688 0 673 0 666 0 672 Greece Europe 0 6540 0 6648 0 6727 0 6662 0 6908 0 6916 0 6716 0 6782 0 6784 0 685 0 68 0 692 0 696 0 701 0 689 0 689 Guatemala Central America 0 6067 0 6144 0 6072 0 6209 0 6238 0 6229 0 6260 0 6304 0 6821 0 667 0 666 0 667 0 668 0 666 0 655 0 664 Guinea Africa N A N A N A N A N A N A N A N A N A 0 618 0 64 0 659 0 656 0 642 0 660 0 647 Guyana South America N A N A N A 0 7108 0 7090 0 7084 0 7119 0 7085 0 7010 0 702 N A N A N A N A 0 728 0 752 Honduras Central America 0 6483 0 6661 0 6960 0 6893 0 6927 0 6945 0 6763 0 6773 0 6935 0 688 0 69 0 711 0 706 0 722 0 716 0 705 Hungary Europe 0 6698 0 6731 0 6867 0 6879 0 6720 0 6642 0 6718 0 6742 0 6759 0 672 0 669 0 670 0 674 0 677 0 688 0 699 Iceland Europe 0 7813 0 7836 0 7999 0 8276 0 8496 0 8530 0 8640 0 8731 0 8594 0 881 0 874 0 878 0 858 0 877 0 892 0 908 India South Asia 0 6011 0 5936 0 6060 0 6151 0 6155 0 6190 0 6442 0 6551 0 6455 0 664 0 683 0 669 0 665 0 668 0 625 0 629 Indonesia Southeast Asia 0 6541 0 6550 0 6473 0 6580 0 6615 0 6594 0 6591 0 6613 0 6725 0 681 0 682 0 691 0 691 0 700 0 688 0 697 Iran West Asia 0 5803 0 5903 0 6021 0 5839 0 5933 0 5894 0 5927 0 5842 0 5811 0 580 0 587 0 583 0 589 0 584 0 582 0 576 Iraq West Asia N A N A N A N A N A N A N A N A N A N A N A N A N A N A 0 535 N A Ireland Europe 0 7335 0 7457 0 7518 0 7597 0 7773 0 7830 0 7839 0 7823 0 7850 0 807 0 797 0 794 0 796 0 798 0 800 0 804 Israel West Asia 0 6889 0 6965 0 6900 0 7019 0 6957 0 6926 0 6989 0 7032 0 7005 0 712 0 719 0 721 0 722 0 718 0 724 0 727 Italy Europe 0 6456 0 6498 0 6788 0 6798 0 6765 0 6796 0 6729 0 6885 0 6973 0 726 0 719 0 692 0 706 0 707 0 721 0 720 Jamaica Central America 0 7014 0 6925 0 6980 0 7013 0 7037 0 7028 0 7035 0 7085 0 7128 0 703 0 724 0 717 0 724 0 735 0 741 0 749 Japan East Asia 0 6447 0 6455 0 6434 0 6447 0 6524 0 6514 0 6530 0 6498 0 6584 0 670 0 66 0 657 0 662 0 652 0 656 0 650 Jordan West Asia 0 6109 0 6203 0 6275 0 6182 0 6048 0 6117 0 6103 0 6093 0 5968 0 593 0 603 0 604 0 605 0 623 0 683 0 639 Kazakhstan Central Asia 0 6928 0 6983 0 6976 0 7013 0 7055 0 7010 0 7213 0 7218 0 7210 0 719 0 718 0 713 0 712 0 710 0 710 0 719 Kenya Africa 0 6486 0 6508 0 6547 0 6512 0 6499 0 6493 0 6768 0 6803 0 7258 0 719 0 702 0 694 0 700 0 671 0 692 0 729 Korea Rep East Asia 0 6157 0 6409 0 6154 0 6146 0 6342 0 6281 0 6356 0 6351 0 6403 0 651 0 649 0 650 0 657 0 672 0 687 0 689 Kuwait West Asia 0 6341 0 6409 0 6358 0 6356 0 6318 0 6322 0 6320 0 6292 0 6457 0 646 0 624 0 679 0 630 0 650 0 621 0 632 Kyrgyz Republic Central Asia 0 6742 0 6653 0 7045 0 7058 0 6973 0 7036 0 7013 0 6948 0 6974 0 693 0 687 0 691 0 691 0 689 0 681 0 700 Laos Southeast Asia N A N A N A N A N A N A N A 0 6993 0 7044 0 713 N A 0 703 0 748 0 731 0 750 0 733 Latvia Europe 0 7091 0 7333 0 7397 0 7416 0 7429 0 7399 0 7572 0 7610 0 7691 0 752 0 755 0 756 0 758 0 785 0 778 0 771 Lebanon West Asia N A N A N A N A 0 6084 0 6083 0 6030 0 6028 0 5923 0 598 0 598 0 596 0 595 0 599 0 638 0 644 Lesotho Africa 0 6807 0 7078 0 7320 0 7495 0 7678 0 7666 0 7608 0 7530 0 7255 0 706 0 706 0 695 0 693 0 695 0 698 0 700 Liberia Africa N A N A N A N A N A N A N A N A N A 0 652 0 652 0 669 0 681 0 685 0 693 0 709 Lithuania Europe 0 7077 0 7234 0 7222 0 7175 0 7132 0 7131 0 7191 0 7308 0 7208 0 740 0 744 0 742 0 749 0 745 0 804 0 799 Luxembourg Europe 0 6671 0 6786 0 6802 0 6889 0 7231 0 7216 0 7439 0 7410 0 7333 0 738 0 734 0 706 0 712 0 725 0 726 0 736 North Macedonia Europe 0 6983 0 6967 0 6914 0 6950 0 6996 0 6966 0 6968 0 7013 0 6943 0 701 0 696 0 702 0 707 0 711 0 715 0 716 Madagascar Africa 0 6385 0 6461 0 6736 0 6732 0 6713 0 6797 0 6982 0 7016 0 7214 0 698 0 704 0 692 0 691 0 719 0 725 0 735 Malawi Africa 0 6437 0 6480 0 6664 0 6738 0 6824 0 6850 0 7166 0 7139 0 7281 0 701 0 7 0 672 0 662 0 664 0 671 0 632 Malaysia Southeast Asia 0 6509 0 6444 0 6442 0 6467 0 6479 0 6525 0 6539 0 6518 0 6520 0 655 0 666 0 670 0 676 0 677 0 676 0 681 Maldives South Asia N A 0 6350 0 6501 0 6482 0 6452 0 6480 0 6616 0 6604 0 6557 0 652 65 0 669 0 662 0 646 0 642 0 648 Mali Africa 0 5996 0 6019 0 6117 0 5860 0 5680 0 5752 0 5842 0 5872 0 5779 0 599 0 591 0 583 0 582 0 621 0 591 0 601 Malta Europe 0 6518 0 6615 0 6634 0 6635 0 6695 0 6658 0 6666 0 6761 0 6707 0 668 0 664 0 682 0 686 0 693 0 703 0 703 Mauritania Africa 0 5835 0 6022 0 6117 0 6103 0 6152 0 6164 0 6129 0 5810 0 6029 0 613 0 624 0 614 0 607 0 614 0 606 N A Mauritius Africa 0 6328 0 6487 0 6466 0 6513 0 6520 0 6529 0 6547 0 6599 0 6541 0 646 0 652 0 664 0 663 0 665 0 679 0 679 Mexico North America 0 6462 0 6441 0 6441 0 6503 0 6577 0 6604 0 6712 0 6917 0 6900 0 699 0 7 0 692 0 721 0 754 0 757 0 764 Moldova Europe 0 7128 0 7172 0 7244 0 7104 0 7160 0 7083 0 7101 0 7037 0 7405 0 742 0 741 0 740 0 733 0 757 0 768 0 788 Mongolia East Asia 0 6821 0 6731 0 7049 0 7221 0 7194 0 7140 0 7111 0 7204 0 7212 0 709 0 705 0 713 0 714 0 706 0 716 0 715 Montenegro Europe N A N A N A N A N A N A N A N A N A 0 689 0 681 0 693 0 706 0 710 0 732 0 732 Morocco Africa 0 5827 0 5676 0 5757 0 5926 0 5767 0 5804 0 5833 0 5845 0 5988 0 593 0 597 0 598 0 607 0 605 0 612 0 624 Mozambique Africa N A 0 6883 0 7266 0 7195 0 7329 0 7251 0 7350 0 7349 0 7370 0 741 0 75 0 741 0 721 0 723 0 758 0 752 Myanmar Southeast Asia N A N A N A N A N A N A N A N A N A N A N A 0 691 0 690 0 665 0 681 0 677 Namibia Africa 0 6864 0 7012 0 7141 0 7167 0 7238 0 7177 0 7121 0 7094 0 7219 0 760 0 765 0 777 0 789 0 784 0 809 0 807 Nepal South Asia 0 5478 0 5575 0 5942 0 6213 0 6084 0 5888 0 6026 0 6053 0 6458 0 658 0 661 0 664 0 671 0 680 0 683 0 692 Netherlands Europe 0 7250 0 7383 0 7399 0 7490 0 7444 0 7470 0 7659 0 7608 0 7730 0 776 0 756 0 737 0 747 0 736 0 762 0 767 New Zealand Oceania 0 7509 0 7649 0 7859 0 7880 0 7808 0 7810 0 7805 0 7799 0 7772 0 782 0 781 0 791 0 801 0 799 0 840 0 841 Nicaragua Central America 0 6566 0 6458 0 6747 0 7002 0 7176 0 7245 0 7697 0 7715 0 7894 0 776 0 78 0 814 0 809 0 804 0 796 0 810 Niger Africa N A N A N A N A N A N A N A N A N A N A N A N A N A N A 0 629 0 635 Nigeria Africa 0 6104 0 6122 0 6339 0 6280 0 6055 0 6011 0 6315 0 6469 0 6391 0 638 0 643 0 641 0 621 0 635 0 627 0 639 Norway Europe 0 7994 0 8059 0 8239 0 8227 0 8404 0 8404 0 8403 0 8417 0 8374 0 850 0 842 0 830 0 835 0 842 0 849 0 845 Oman West Asia N A 0 5903 0 5960 0 5938 0 5950 0 5873 0 5986 0 6053 0 6091 0 604 0 612 N A 0 605 0 602 0 608 0 609 Pakistan South Asia 0 5434 0 5509 0 5549 0 5458 0 5465 0 5583 0 5478 0 5459 0 5522 0 559 0 556 0 546 0 550 0 564 0 556 0 564 Panama Central America 0 6935 0 6954 0 7095 0 7024 0 7072 0 7042 0 7122 0 7164 0 7195 0 772 0 721 0 722 0 722 0 730 0 737 0 743 Papua New Guinea Oceania N A N A N A N A N A N A N A N A N A N A N A N A N A N A 0 635 N A Paraguay South America 0 6556 0 6659 0 6379 0 6868 0 6804 0 6818 0 6714 0 6724 0 6890 0 666 0 676 0 678 0 672 0 683 0 702 0 707 Peru South America 0 6619 0 6624 0 6959 0 7024 0 6895 0 6796 0 6742 0 6787 0 7198 0 683 0 687 0 719 0 720 0 714 0 721 0 749 Philippines Southeast Asia 0 7516 0 7629 0 7568 0 7579 0 7654 0 7685 0 7757 0 7832 0 7814 0 790 0 786 0 790 0 799 0 781 0 784 0 783 Poland Europe 0 6802 0 6756 0 6951 0 6998 0 7037 0 7038 0 7015 0 7031 0 7051 0 715 0 727 0 728 0 728 0 736 0 713 0 709 Portugal Europe 0 6922 0 6959 0 7051 0 7013 0 7171 0 7144 0 7071 0 7056 0 7243 0 731 0 737 0 734 0 732 0 744 0 775 0 766 Qatar West Asia N A 0 6041 0 5948 0 5907 0 6059 0 6230 0 6264 0 6299 0 6403 0 645 0 643 0 626 0 629 0 629 0 624 0 617 Romania Europe 0 6797 0 6859 0 6763 0 6805 0 6826 0 6812 0 6859 0 6908 0 6936 0 693 0 69 0 708 0 711 0 724 0 700 0 698 Russia Europe 0 6770 0 6866 0 6994 0 6987 0 7036 0 7037 0 6980 0 6983 0 6927 0 694 0 691 0 696 0 701 0 706 0 708 N A Rwanda Africa N A N A N A N A N A N A N A N A N A 0 794 0 8 0 822 0 804 0 791 0 805 0 811 Saudi Arabia West Asia 0 5242 0 5647 0 5537 0 5651 0 5713 0 5753 0 5731 0 5879 0 6059 0 605 0 583 0 584 0 590 0 599 0 603 0 636 Senegal Africa N A N A N A 0 6427 0 6414 0 6573 0 6657 0 6923 0 6912 0 698 0 685 0 684 0 682 0 684 0 684 0 668 Serbia Europe N A N A N A N A N A N A 0 7037 0 7116 0 7086 0 720 0 72 0 727 0 730 0 736 0 780 0 779 Sierra Leone Africa N A N A N A N A N A N A N A N A N A N A N A N A N A N A 0 655 0 672 Singapore Southeast Asia 0 6550 0 6609 0 6625 0 6664 0 6914 0 6914 0 6989 0 7000 0 7046 0 711 0 712 0 702 0 707 0 724 0 727 0 734 Slovakia Europe 0 6757 0 6797 0 6824 0 6845 0 6778 0 6797 0 6824 0 6857 0 6806 0 675 0 679 0 694 0 693 0 718 0 712 0 717 Slovenia Europe 0 6745 0 6842 0 6937 0 6982 0 7047 0 7041 0 7132 0 7155 0 7443 0 784 0 786 0 805 0 784 0 743 0 741 0 744 South Africa Africa 0 7125 0 7194 0 7232 0 7709 0 7535 0 7478 0 7496 0 7510 0 7527 0 759 0 764 0 756 0 755 0 780 0 781 0 782 Spain Europe 0 7319 0 7444 0 7281 0 7345 0 7554 0 7580 0 7266 0 7266 0 7325 0 742 0 738 0 746 0 746 0 795 0 788 0 788 Sri Lanka South Asia 0 7199 0 7230 0 7371 0 7402 0 7458 0 7212 0 7122 0 7019 0 6903 0 686 0 673 0 669 0 676 0 680 0 670 0 670 Suriname South America N A 0 6794 0 6674 0 6726 0 6407 0 6395 0 6409 0 6369 0 6504 0 670 0 679 0 689 0 695 0 707 0 729 0 737 Sweden Europe 0 8133 0 8146 0 8139 0 8139 0 8024 0 8044 0 8159 0 8129 0 8165 0 823 0 815 0 816 0 822 0 820 0 823 0 822 Switzerland Europe 0 6997 0 6924 0 7360 0 7426 0 7562 0 7627 0 7672 0 7736 0 7798 0 785 0 776 0 755 0 755 0 779 0 798 0 795 Syria West Asia N A 0 6216 0 6181 0 6072 0 5926 0 5896 0 5626 0 5661 0 5775 0 568 0 567 0 568 0 568 0 567 0 568 N A Tajikistan Central Asia N A 0 6578 0 6541 0 6661 0 6598 0 6526 0 6608 0 6682 0 6654 0 675 0 679 0 678 0 638 0 626 0 650 0 663 Tanzania Africa 0 7038 0 6969 0 7068 0 6797 0 6829 0 6904 0 7091 0 6928 0 7182 0 718 0 716 0 700 0 704 0 713 0 707 0 719 Thailand Southeast Asia 0 6831 0 6815 0 6917 0 6907 0 6910 0 6892 0 6893 0 6928 0 7027 0 706 0 699 0 694 0 702 0 708 0 710 0 709 Timor Leste Southeast Asia N A N A N A N A N A N A 0 6855 N A N A N A 0 637 0 628 0 638 0 662 0 720 0 730 Togo Africa N A N A N A N A N A N A N A N A N A N A N A N A N A N A 0 683 0 697 Trinidad and Tobago Central America 0 6797 0 6859 0 7245 0 7298 0 7353 0 7372 0 7116 0 7166 0 7154 0 720 0 723 N A N A 0 756 0 749 N A Tunisia Africa 0 6288 0 6283 0 6295 0 6233 0 6266 0 6255 N A N A 0 6272 0 634 0 636 0 651 0 648 0 644 0 649 0 643 Turkey West Asia 0 5850 0 5768 0 5853 0 5828 0 5876 0 5954 0 6015 0 6081 0 6183 0 624 0 623 0 625 0 628 0 635 0 638 0 639 Uganda Africa 0 6797 0 6833 0 6981 0 7067 0 7169 0 7220 0 7228 0 7086 0 6821 0 708 0 704 0 721 0 724 0 717 0 717 0 724 Ukraine Europe 0 6797 0 6790 0 6856 0 6896 0 6869 0 6861 0 6894 0 6935 0 7056 0 702 0 7 0 705 0 708 0 721 0 714 0 707 United Arab Emirates West Asia 0 5919 0 6184 0 6220 0 6198 0 6397 0 6454 0 6392 0 6372 0 6436 0 646 0 639 0 649 0 642 0 655 0 716 0 716 United Kingdom Europe 0 7365 0 7441 0 7366 0 7402 0 7460 0 7462 0 7433 0 7440 0 7383 0 758 0 752 0 770 0 744 0 767 0 775 0 780 United States North America 0 7042 0 7002 0 7179 0 7173 0 7411 0 7412 0 7373 0 7392 0 7463 0 740 0 722 0 718 0 720 0 724 0 763 0 769 Uruguay South America 0 6549 0 6608 0 6907 0 6936 0 6897 0 6907 0 6745 0 6803 0 6871 0 679 0 681 0 710 0 715 0 737 0 702 0 711 Vanuatu Oceania N A N A N A N A N A N A N A N A N A N A N A N A N A N A 0 625 0 670 Venezuela South America 0 6664 0 6797 0 6875 0 6839 0 6863 0 6861 0 7060 0 7060 0 6851 0 691 0 694 0 706 0 709 0 713 0 699 N A Vietnam Southeast Asia N A 0 6889 0 6778 0 6802 0 6776 0 6732 0 6867 0 6863 0 6915 0 687 0 7 0 698 0 698 0 700 0 701 0 705 Yemen West Asia 0 4595 0 4510 0 4664 0 4609 0 4603 0 4873 0 5054 0 5128 0 5145 0 484 0 516 0 516 0 499 0 494 0 492 N A Zambia Africa 0 6360 0 6288 0 6205 0 6310 0 6293 0 6300 0 6279 0 6312 0 6364 0 650 N A N A N A 0 731 0 726 0 723 Zimbabwe Africa 0 6461 0 6464 0 6485 0 6518 0 6574 0 6607 N A N A 0 7013 0 709 0 71 0 717 0 721 0 730 0 732 0 734Limits and criticisms EditThe report measures women s disadvantage compared to men and is not a measure of equality of the gender gap Gender imbalances to the advantage of women do not affect the score 17 So for example the indicator number of years of a female head of state last 50 years over male value would score 1 if the number of years was 25 but would still score 1 if the number of years was 50 Due to this methodology gender gaps that favor women over men are reported as equality and would not cause deficits of equality in other areas to become less visible in the score excepted for life expectancy To put it more simply women could be better off in all areas and still the index would deem that country perfectly equal The index is designed to measure gender based gaps in access to resources and opportunities in countries rather than the actual level of the available resources and opportunities in those countries 14 In an academic publication from 2010 Beneria and Permanyer criticized the Global Gender Gap Index for only capturing inequality in certain aspects of women s lives therefore making it an incomplete measure of gender inequality 18 In an academic publication from 2019 Stoet and Geary argued that the Global Gender Gap Index has limitations as a measure of gender equality because of the way it caps scores and because it ignores specific issues on which men are known to fall behind e g risks of working in hazardous jobs 19 According to the Global Gender Gap Report 2021 the index do not penalize a country where women outperform men in certain aspect and consider that parity is achieved in life expectancy only if women live five years longer than men 16 See also EditGender Empowerment Measure Gender Inequality Index Gender Related Development Index Social Institutions and Gender Index Female labour force in the Muslim world Gender pay gap Women s rights in 2014Notes Edit Years of report publication Values may reflect data collected the previous year References Edit Global Gender Gap Report 2017 Archived from the original on 2018 05 12 Retrieved 2018 05 11 a b 2008 Report p 24 2014 report page 5 2008 Report p 5 a b c d The Global Gender Gap Report 2018 GGGR p 5 Construction of the Index 2 Data truncation at equality benchmark As a second step these ratios are truncated at the equality benchmark For all indicators except the two health indicators this equality benchmark is considered to be 1 meaning equal numbers of women and men GGGR 2018 p 42 Country Score Card To calculate the Index all ratios were truncated at the parity benchmark of 1 and thus the highest score possible is 1 a b c d GGGR 2018 p 6 Table 2 Calculation of weights within each subin dex GGGR 2018 p 5 Construction of the Index 2 Data truncation at equality benchmark In the case of sex ratio at birth the equality benchmark is set at 0 944 GGGR 2018 p 42 Country Score Card except for the sex ratio at birth 0 944 GGGR 2018 p 5 Construction of the Index 2 Data trun cation at equality benchmark the case of healthy life expectancy the equality benchmark is set at 1 06 GGGR 2018 p 42 Country Score Card and the healthy life expectancy 1 06 indicators 2016 Report Page 6 http www3 weforum org docs WEF GenderGap Report 2012 pdf bare URL PDF The Global Gender Gap Report 2013 PDF World Economic Forum pp 12 13 Global Gender Gap Report 2014 Reports World Economic Forum Global Gender Gap Report 2014 Global Gender Gap Report 2015 Rankings World Economic Forum Archived from the original on 17 April 2016 Retrieved 28 April 2016 a b Global Gender Gap Report 2017 Rankings World Economic Forum 17 November 2017 Retrieved 17 November 2017 Global Gender Gap Report 2020 PDF World Economic Forum Retrieved 18 December 2019 a b Global Gender Gap Report 2021 PDF World Economic Forum Retrieved 30 March 2021 Ricardo Hausmann Harvard University Laura D Tyson University of California Berkeley Saadia Zahidi World Economic Forum Editors 2009 The Global Gender Gap Report 2009 PDF World Economic Forum Geneva Switzerland p 4 Archived from the original PDF on April 5 2013 Retrieved 2009 11 02 the Index rewards countries that reach the point where outcomes for women equal those for men but it neither rewards nor penalizes cases in which women are outperforming men in particular variables a href Template Cite web html title Template Cite web cite web a author has generic name help CS1 maint multiple names authors list link Beneria L Permanyer I 2010 The Measurement of Socio economic Gender Inequality Revisited Development and Change 41 3 pp 375 399 Stoet G amp Geary D C 2019 A simplified approach to measuring national gender inequality PLOS ONE 14 1 e0205349 https doi org 10 1371 journal pone 0205349External links Edit Women Leaders and Gender Parity World Economic Forum Geneva Switzerland Archived from the original on 2008 11 13 Retrieved 2008 11 19 Daily chart Sex and equality The Economist Oct 25th 2013Reports Edit Ricardo Hausmann Laura D Tyson Yasmina Bekhouche Saadia Zahidi 2014 The Global Gender Gap Index 2014 PDF World Economic Forum Geneva Switzerland Retrieved 2014 11 26 Ricardo Hausmann Laura D Tyson Saadia Zahidi Editors 2013 The Global Gender Gap Report 2013 PDF World Economic Forum Geneva Switzerland Retrieved 2013 10 26 a href Template Cite book html title Template Cite book cite book a author has generic name help CS1 maint multiple names authors list link Ricardo Hausmann Laura D Tyson Saadia Zahidi Editors 2012 The Global Gender Gap Report 2012 PDF World Economic Forum Geneva Switzerland Retrieved 2012 10 26 a href Template Cite book html title Template Cite book cite book a author has generic name help CS1 maint multiple names authors list link The Global Gender Gap Report 2010 PDF Ricardo Hausmann Laura D Tyson Saadia Zahidi Editors 2010 The Global Gender Gap Report 2010 PDF World Economic Forum Geneva Switzerland Retrieved 2010 10 20 a href Template Cite book html title Template Cite book cite book a author has generic name help CS1 maint multiple names authors list link Ricardo Hausmann Laura D Tyson Saadia Zahidi Editors 2009 The Global Gender Gap Report 2009 PDF World Economic Forum Geneva Switzerland Archived from the original PDF on 2013 04 05 Retrieved 2009 11 02 a href Template Cite book html title Template Cite book cite book a author has generic name help CS1 maint multiple names authors list link Ricardo Hausmann Laura D Tyson Saadia Zahidi Editors 2008 The Global Gender Gap Report 2008 PDF World Economic Forum Geneva Switzerland Retrieved 2008 11 19 a href Template Cite book html title Template Cite book cite book a author has generic name help CS1 maint multiple names authors list link Ricardo Hausmann Laura D Tyson Saadia Zahidi Editors 2007 The Global Gender Gap Report 2007 PDF World Economic Forum Geneva Switzerland Retrieved 2008 11 19 a href Template Cite book html title Template Cite book cite book a author has generic name help CS1 maint multiple names authors list link Ricardo Hausmann Laura D Tyson Saadia Zahidi Editors 2006 The Global Gender Gap Report 2006 PDF World Economic Forum Geneva Switzerland Retrieved 2008 11 19 a href Template Cite book html title Template Cite book cite book a author has generic name help CS1 maint multiple names authors list link Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Global Gender Gap Report amp oldid 1144740909, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
