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Foreign relations of the Democratic Republic of the Congo

January 01, 1970

Its location in the center of Africa has made the Democratic Republic of the Congo (at one time known as Zaire) a key player in the region since independence. Because of its size, mineral wealth, and strategic location, Zaire was able to capitalize on Cold War tensions to garner support from the West. In the early 1990s, however, with the end of the Cold War and in the face of growing evidence of human rights abuses, Western support waned as pressure for internal reform increased.

The Democratic Republic of the Congo is in the grip of a civil war that has drawn in military forces from neighboring states, with Ugandan, Burundian, and Rwandan forces helping the rebel movement which occupies much of the eastern portion of the state.

One problem is the continuing theft of mineral resources, such as coltan, by occupying forces. One estimate has the Rwandan army making $350 million in 48 months from the sale of coltan, even though Rwanda has no coltan deposits[citation needed]. Not only can the DRC not make any money from its mineral wealth, due to its inability to tax anything in rebel-held areas, but the wealth is also used itself to finance insurgent activities.

Troops from Zimbabwe, Angola, Namibia, Chad, and Sudan support the Kinshasa regime.

Furthermore, relations with surrounding countries have often been driven by security concerns. Intricate and interlocking alliances have often characterized regional relations. Conflicts in Sudan, Uganda, Angola, Rwanda, and Burundi have at various times created bilateral and regional tensions. The current crisis in DRC has its roots both in the use of The Congo as a base by various insurgency groups attacking neighboring countries and in the absence of a broad-based political system in the Congo.

The Democratic Republic of the Congo is also a member of the International Criminal Court with a Bilateral Immunity Agreement of protection for the U.S.-military (as covered under Article 98).

Disputes – international edit

Democratic Republic of the Congo is in the grip of a civil war that has drawn in military forces from neighboring states, with Uganda and Rwanda supporting the rebel movements that occupy much of the eastern portion of the state – Tutsi, Hutu, Lendu, Hema and other conflicting ethnic groups, political rebels, and various government forces continue fighting in Great Lakes region, transcending the boundaries of Burundi, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Rwanda, and Uganda – heads of the Great Lakes states pledge to end conflict, but localized violence continues despite UN peacekeeping efforts; most of the Congo River boundary with the Republic of the Congo is indefinite (no agreement has been reached on the division of the river or its islands, except in the Pool Malebo/Stanley Pool area).

On December 19, 2005, the International Court of Justice found against Uganda, in a case brought by the Democratic Republic of the Congo, for illegal invasion of its territory, and violation of human rights.

Illicit drugs edit

The DRC has some illicit production of cannabis, mostly for domestic consumption. While rampant corruption and inadequate supervision leaves the banking system vulnerable to money laundering, the lack of a well-developed financial system limits the country's utility as a money-laundering center.

Diplomatic relations edit

List of Countries which the Democratic Republic of the Congo maintains diplomatic relations with:

 
# Country Date
1   Czech Republic 30 June 1960[1]
2   Egypt 30 June 1960[2]
3   France 30 June 1960[3]
4   Germany 30 June 1960[4][5]
5   Israel 30 June 1960[6]
6   Japan 30 June 1960[7]
7   Liberia 30 June 1960[8]
8   Poland 30 June 1960[9]
9   United States 30 June 1960[10]
10   Ghana 1 July 1960[11]
11   Belgium 2 July 1960[12]
12   Portugal 7 July 1960[13]
13   Russia 7 July 1960[14]
14   United Kingdom 7 July 1960[15]
15   Italy 21 July 1960[16]
16   Netherlands 25 July 1960[17]
17   Sudan 9 August 1960[18]
18   India August 1960[19]
19   Ivory Coast 1960[20]
20   Tunisia 1960[21]
21   Bulgaria 22 February 1961[22]
22   Vietnam 13 April 1961[23]
23   Mali 23 November 1961[24][25]
24   Benin 1961[26]
25   Serbia 1961[27]
26   Canada 12 June 1962[28]
27   Denmark 1 August 1962[29]
28    Switzerland 12 October 1962[30]
29   Sweden 1962[31]
30   Uganda 4 March 1963[32]
31   South Korea 1 April 1963[33]
32   Indonesia 6 September 1963[34]
33   Algeria 1963[35]
34   Burundi 1963[36]
35   Ethiopia 1963[37]
36   Nigeria 1963[38]
37   Tanzania 30 May 1964[39]
38   Zambia 24 October 1964[40]
39   Spain 3 November 1964[41]
40   Cameroon 29 June 1965[42]
41   Luxembourg 7 September 1965[43]
42   Republic of the Congo 5 November 1965[44][45]
43   Central African Republic February 1966[46]
44   Guinea 1966[47]
45   Kenya 1966[48]
46   Greece 15 June 1966[49]
47   Romania 14 October 1966[50]
48   Brazil 21 June 1968[51]
49   Morocco 27 September 1968[52]
50   Thailand 14 February 1969[53]
51   Rwanda February 1969[54]
52   Chad 2 April 1969[55]
53   Libya June 1969[56]
54   Norway 27 September 1969[57]
55   Niger 1969[58]
56   Gabon 28 January 1970[59]
57   Finland 3 April 1970[60]
58   Togo 14 July 1970[61]
59   Chile 31 March 1972[62]
60   Mauritania May 1972[63]
61   Lebanon June 1972[64]
62   Austria 24 July 1972[65]
63   Argentina 4 October 1972[66]
64   Cambodia 5 October 1972[67]
65   China 24 November 1972[68]
66   North Korea 12 December 1972[69]
67   Somalia 28 January 1973[70]
68   Iran 11 February 1973[71]
69   Hungary 16 June 1973[72]
70   Saudi Arabia 13 September 1973[73]
71   Cuba 11 April 1974[74]
72   Guinea Bissau 19 July 1974[75]
73   Madagascar 26 July 1974[76]
74   Sierra Leone 20 January 1975[77]
75   Mongolia 4 February 1975[78]
76   Mexico 31 July 1975[79]
77   Peru 3 August 1975[80]
78   Turkey 22 October 1975[81]
79   Mauritius 19 June 1976[82]
80   Mozambique 30 July 1976[83]
—   Holy See 31 January 1977[84]
81   Sri Lanka 13 May 1978[85]
82   Eswatini June 1978[86]
83   Angola 29 July 1978[87]
84   Oman 1978[88]
85   Seychelles 1978[89]
86   Ecuador 29 February 1980[90]
87   Bahrain 3 June 1980[91]
88   Malawi November 1980[92][93]
89   Zimbabwe 1980[94]
90   Gambia 7 January 1981[95]
91   Singapore 23 March 1984[96]
92   Uruguay 31 April 1984[97]
93   San Marino 14 May 1984[98]
—   Sovereign Military Order of Malta 1984[99]
94   Haiti 1 October 1986[100]
95   Nicaragua 16 April 1987[101]
96   Namibia 4 October 1990[102]
97   Kuwait 27 November 1990[103]
98   South Africa 30 September 1992[104]
99   Slovakia 18 February 1993[105]
100   Bosnia and Herzegovina 20 March 1995[106]
101   Malaysia 1997[107]
102   Ukraine 13 April 1999[108]
103   North Macedonia 27 September 1999[109]
104   Philippines 9 January 2000[110]
105   Ireland 2000[111]
106   Jordan 16 September 2002[112]
107   Venezuela 3 May 2005[113]
108     Nepal 22 September 2006[114]
109   Iceland 23 February 2007[115]
110   Dominican Republic 26 September 2007[116]
111   Croatia 19 October 2007[117]
112   Montenegro 22 September 2010[118]
113   Belarus 16 November 2010[119]
114   Georgia 14 January 2011[120]
115   Latvia 14 January 2011[121]
116   Slovenia 25 February 2011[122]
117   Azerbaijan 23 September 2011[123]
118   Australia 2011[124]
119   South Sudan 4 March 2013[125]
120   Cape Verde 14 May 2014[126]
121   Armenia 11 October 2015[127]
122   United Arab Emirates 1 November 2017[128]
123   Estonia 3 July 2018[129]
124   Monaco 5 July 2018[130]
125   Qatar 6 November 2019[131]
126   Botswana 9 February 2023
127   Djibouti 19 October 2023[132]
128   Bangladesh Unknown
129   Burkina Faso Unknown
130   Colombia Unknown
131   Comoros Unknown
132   Cyprus Unknown
133   Equatorial Guinea Unknown
134   Iraq Unknown
135   Lesotho Unknown
136   Pakistan Unknown
137   Senegal Unknown
138   Trinidad and Tobago Unknown

Bilateral relations edit

Africa edit

Country Formal Relations Began Notes
  Algeria
  Angola 29 July 1978 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 29 July 1978[87]

See Angola–Democratic Republic of the Congo relations

  • Angola has an embassy in Kinshasa.
  • DR Congo has an embassy in Luanda.
  Benin 1961 Both countries established diplomatic relations in 1961 when has been accredited Mr. Paul Fabo as Charge d'Affaires of Dahomey to Leopoldville (Kinshasa) (1961-1963) and later ambassador to DRC (Zaire) (1963-1973).[26]
  Burundi
  • Burundi has an embassy in Kinshasa.
  • DR Congo has an embassy in Bujumbura.
  Central African Republic
  • CAR has an embassy in Kinshasa.
  • DR Congo has an embassy in Bangui.
  Chad
  • Chad has an embassy in Kinshasa.
  • DR Congo has an embassy in N'Djamena and a consulate in Moundou.
  Côte d'Ivoire
  • Côte d'Ivoire has an embassy in Kinshasa.
  • DR Congo has an embassy in Abidjan.
  Egypt 30 June 1960 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 30 June 1960[2]
  • DR Congo has an embassy in Cairo.
  • Egypt has an embassy in Kinshasa.
  Republic of the Congo See Democratic Republic of the Congo–Republic of the Congo relations
  • Congo has an embassy in Kinshasa.
  • DR Congo has an embassy in Brazzaville.
  Kenya See Democratic Republic of the Congo–Kenya relations
  • DR Congo has an embassy in Nairobi.
  • Kenya has an embassy in Kinshasa.
  Namibia 4 October 1990 See Democratic Republic of the Congo-Namibia relations

Both countries established diplomatic relations on 4 October 1990.[102]

  • DR Congo has an embassy in Windhoek.
  • Namibia has an embassy in Kinshasa.
  Nigeria
  • DR Congo has an embassy in Abuja.
  • Nigeria has an embassy in Kinshasa.
  Rwanda
Main article: Democratic Republic of the Congo–Rwanda relations

Rwandan President Paul Kagame met with the Democratic Republic of the Congo's President Joseph Kabila in Goma on 6 August 2009.[133] It was the first presidential meeting between the two countries for 13 years,[134] with the two countries having come to a disagreement in 1996 following an invasion by Rwanda into eastern Congo, a disagreement which was renewed in 1998 after a further invasion.[133] The pair of presidents spent more than two hours in the company of each other and "reviewed all issues of common interest".[133] Kabila referred to it as "the first giant step forward" in what was referred to as an "all new era".[134] One month previous to the meeting both countries had appointed ambassadors to each other's capitals.[133][134]

In August 2013, Rwanda accused Congolese forces of persistently shelling Congo's territory after a flare-up of fighting in the eastern Congo.[135]

  • DR Congo has an embassy in Kigali.
  • Rwanda has an embassy in Kinshasa.
  Senegal
  • DR Congo has an embassy in Dakar.
  • Senegal has an embassy in Kinshasa.
  South Africa 30 September 1992 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 30 September 1992[104]
  • DR Congo has an embassy in Pretoria.
  • South Africa has an embassy in Kinshasa and a consulate-general in Lubumbashi.
  Tanzania 30 May 1964 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 30 May 1964 when Andrew Tibandebage is appointed as Ambassador of Tanganyika to Congo (Leopoldville)[39]
  • DR Congo has an embassy in Dar es Salaam and a consulate-general in Kigoma.
  • Tanzania has an embassy in Kinshasa.
  Togo 14 July 1970 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 14 July 1970 when Congo-Kinshasa's first Ambassador to Togo, Mr. Kondo Belan, presented his credentials to Head of State Etienne Eyadema.[61]
  Uganda 4 March 1963 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 4 March 1963[32]
  • DR Congo has an embassy in Kampala.
  • Uganda has an embassy in Kinshasa.
  Zambia 24 October 1964 Both countries established diplomatic relations on Zambia's independence 24 October 1964, when Democratic Republic of the Congo has raised its consulate-general in Lusaka to embassy level, and consul Mabita has been promoted to chargé d'affaires[40]
  • DR Congo has an embassy in Lusaka.
  • Zambia has an embassy in Kinshasa.

Americas edit

Country Formal Relations Began Notes
  Argentina 4 October 1972 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 4 October 1972[66]
  • Argentina is accredited to the DR Congo from its embassy in Abuja, Nigeria.
  • DR Congo has an embassy in Buenos Aires.
  Brazil 21 June 1968 See Brazil–Democratic Republic of the Congo relations

Both countries established diplomatic relations on 21 June 1968[136]

  • Brazil has an embassy in Kinshasa.
  • DR Congo has an embassy in Brasilia.
  Canada 12 June 1962 See Canada–Democratic Republic of the Congo relations

Both countries established diplomatic relations on 12 June 1962[28] Canada and the D.R. Congo share full membership in Francophonie. Canada was the D.R. Congo's ninth-largest country donor of official development assistance over 1960–2009, disbursing a total of US$0.89 billion in constant 2008 US dollars, or 2.4% of DRC's total bilateral aid receipts.[137] In 2009, Cdn.$3.3 billion in assets were held by thirteen large-scale and junior Canadian mining companies in the DRC, a ten-fold increase from 2001.[138]

  • Canada has an embassy in Kinshasa.
  • DR Congo has an embassy in Ottawa.
  Cuba 11 April 1974 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 11 April 1974[74]
  • Cuba has an embassy in Kinshasa.
  • DR Congo has an embassy in Havana.
  Mexico 31 July 1975 See Democratic Republic of the Congo–Mexico relations

Both nations established diplomatic relations on 31 July 1975[79]

  • DR Congo does not have an accreditation to Mexico.
  • Mexico is accredited to DR Congo from its embassy in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.[139]
  United States 30 June 1960 See Democratic Republic of the Congo-United States relations

Both countries established diplomatic relations on 30 June 1960[10]

The United States appointed its current ambassador to the D.R.C. in 2007. The D.R.C. appointed its current ambassador to the United States in 2000. The Congo has been on the State Department's travel advisory list since 1977.

  Uruguay 31 April 1984

Both countries established diplomatic relations on 31 April 1984[97]

In December 2021, President Luis Lacalle Pou paid a visit to Bukavu and Goma and visited with Uruguayan soldiers stationed there as part of MONUSCO in Eastern DR Congo.[142]

  • DR Congo is accredited to Uruguay from its embassy in Buenos Aires, Argentina.
  • Uruguay is accredited to the DR Congo from its embassy in Pretoria, South Africa.

Asia edit

Country Formal Relations Began Notes
  Azerbaijan 23 September 2011 See Azerbaijan-Democratic Republic of the Congo relations

Both countries established diplomatic relations on 23 September 2011[143]

  China 24 November 1972 See China-Democratic Republic of the Congo relations

Both countries established diplomatic relations on 24 November 1972[68]

China is a large investor in the Democratic Republic of the Congo, primarily in the secondary (manufacturing) and primary (resource extraction) markets.

  • China has an embassy in Kinshasa.
  • DR Congo has an embassy in Beijing.
  India August 1960 See Democratic Republic of the Congo–India relations

Both countries established diplomatic relations in August 1960 when India had decided to open an Embassy in Leopoldville (Kinshasa).[19]

  Israel
  • DR Congo has an embassy in Tel Aviv.
  • Israel has a Honorary Consulate in Kinshasa.
  Japan 30 June 1960 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 30 June 1960[7]
  • DR Congo has an embassy in Tokyo.
  • Japan has an embassy in Kinshasa.
  Lebanon
  • DR Congo is accredited to Lebanon from its embassy in Cairo, Egypt.
  • Lebanon has an embassy in Kinshasa.
  South Korea 1 April 1963

Both countries established diplomatic relations on 1 April 1963[33]

  • DR Congo has an embassy in Seoul.
  • South Korea has an embassy in Kinshasa.
  Turkey 22 October 1975 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 22 October 1975[81]

Europe edit

Country Formal Relations Began Notes
  Belgium 2 July 1960 See Belgium–Democratic Republic of the Congo relations

Both countries established diplomatic relations on 2 July 1960 when establishment of the Belgian diplomatic mission in Leopoldville and Jean Van den Bosch becomes the Belgian ambassador.[12]

  France 30 June 1960 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 30 June 1960[3]
  • DR Congo has an embassy in Paris.
  • France has an embassy in Kinshasa.
  Germany 30 June 1960 See Democratic Republic of the Congo–Germany relations

Both countries established diplomatic relations on 30 June 1960[4]

  • DR Congo has an embassy in Berlin.
  • Germany has an embassy in Kinshasa.
  Greece 15 June 1966 See Democratic Republic of the Congo–Greece relations

Both countries established diplomatic relations on 15 June 1966 when Ambassador of Democratic Republic of Congo to Greece M. Joseph Kahamba , presented his credentials to King Constantin.[49]

Both countries are full members of Francophonie. In July 2009, the Greek government pledged US$500,000 through the UN High Commissioner for Refugees for humanitarian assistance to Congo.[149]

  • DR Congo has an embassy in Athens.
  • Greece has an embassy in Kinshasa.
  Italy 21 July 1960 See Democratic Republic of the Congo–Italy relations

Both countries established diplomatic relations on 21 July 1960 when accredited first Ambassador of Italy to Congo (Leopoldville) Mr. Pietro Franca[16]

  • DR Congo has an embassy in Rome.
  • Italy has an embassy in Kinshasa.
  Netherlands 25 July 1960 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 25 July 1960[17]
  • DR Congo has an embassy in The Hague.
  • Netherlands has an embassy in Kinshasa.
  Norway 27 September 1969 See [[Democratic Republic of the Congo–Norway relatio

ns]] Both countries established diplomatic relations on 27 September 1969[57]

  • DR Congo is accredited to Norway from its embassy in London, United Kingdom.
  • Norway is accredited to the DR Congo from its embassy in Luanda, Angola.
  Poland 30 June 1960 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 30 June 1960[9]
  • DR Congo has an embassy in Warsaw.
  • Poland is accredited to the DR Congo from its embassy in Luanda, Angola.
  Portugal 7 July 1960 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 7 July 1960[13]
  • DR Congo has an embassy in Lisbon.
  • Portugal has an embassy in Kinshasa.
  Russia 7 July 1960 See Democratic Republic of the Congo–Russia relations

Both countries established diplomatic relations on 7 July 1960[14]

  Serbia 1961 Both countries established diplomatic relations in 1961[27]
  • DR Congo has an embassy in Belgrade.
  • Serbia has an embassy in Kinshasa.
  Spain 3 November 1964 See Democratic Republic of the Congo–Spain relations

Both countries established diplomatic relations on 3 November 1964[41]

  • DR Congo has an embassy in Madrid.
  • Spain has an embassy in Kinshasa.
  Sweden 1962 Both countries established diplomatic relations in 1962[31]
  • DR Congo has an embassy in Stockholm.
  • Sweden has an embassy in Kinshasa.
  United Kingdom 7 July 1960 See Democratic Republic of the Congo–United Kingdom relations

Both countries established diplomatic relations on 7 July 1960 when Mr. Ian Dixon Scott, Consul-General of United Kingdom in Leopoldville has been appointed as the first British Ambassador to the Congo-Leopoldville.[15]

  • DR Congo has an embassy in London.
  • United Kingdom has an embassy in Kinshasa.

See also edit

References edit

  1. ^ Pavol Petruf. "Československá zahraničná politika 1945 – 1992 (vybrané udalosti a fakty v dátumoch)" (PDF) (in Slovak). p. 105. Retrieved 16 November 2023.
  2. ^ a b Yitzhak Oron (1960). Middle East Record Volume 1, 1960 Volume 1. Published for The Israel Oriental Society, The Reuven Shiloah Research Center by George Weidenfeld & Nicolson Limited. p. 27. Retrieved 22 November 2023.
  3. ^ a b "Liste chronologique des ambassadeurs,envoyes extraordinaires, ministres plenipotentiaires et charges d'affaires de France a l'etranger depuis 1945" (PDF). diplomatie.gouv.fr (in French). p. 18/86. Retrieved 18 June 2023.
  4. ^ a b "The Embassy of Democratic Republic of the Congo in Berlin". Berlin Global. Retrieved 7 April 2024.
  5. ^ "Kongo (Demokratische Republik Kongo): Beziehungen zu Deutschland" (PDF). zvei.org (in German). 7 February 2019. Retrieved 7 April 2024.
  6. ^ Israel Government Year Book. Central Office of Information, Prime Minister's Office. 1960. p. 222. Independence once declared on 30 June , an embassy was established with Mr. Ehud Avriel as the first Ambassador.
  7. ^ a b "Japan-Democratic Republic of the Congo Relations". Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Japan. Retrieved 16 November 2023.
  8. ^ "Rapport de stage effectué au Ministère des Affaires Etrangères à Kinshasa". Memoire online (in French). Retrieved 14 February 2024.
  9. ^ a b "Demokratyczna Republika Konga". gov.pl (in Polish). Retrieved 16 November 2023.
  10. ^ a b "A Guide to the United States' History of Recognition, Diplomatic, and Consular Relations, by Country, since 1776: Democratic Republic of the Congo". history.state.gov. Retrieved 11 May 2023.
  11. ^ W. Scott Thompson (1969). Ghana's foreign policy, 1957-1966; diplomacy, ideology, and the new state. Princeton, N.J., Princeton University Press. p. 445.
  12. ^ a b "CHRONOLOGIE GÉNÉRALE" (PDF) (in French and Dutch). p. 879. Retrieved 17 October 2023.
  13. ^ a b "República Democrática do Congo". Portal Diplomatico (in Portuguese). Retrieved 16 November 2023.
  14. ^ a b "July 7 marks 61 years since our country established diplomatic relations with the Democratic Republic of the Congo". Russian Foreign Ministry - МИД России. Retrieved 16 November 2023.
  15. ^ a b East Africa and Rhodesia - Volume 36. Africana. 1960. p. 1070.
  16. ^ a b Relazioni internazionali, Volume 26 (in Italian). Istituto per gli studi di politica internazionale. 1962. p. 758.
  17. ^ a b "Pragmatische koloniale bondgenoten" (PDF). studenttheses.uu.nl (in Dutch). p. 24. Retrieved 16 November 2023.
  18. ^ Yitzhak Oron (1960). Middle East Record Volume 1, 1960 Volume 1. Published for The Israel Oriental Society, The Reuven Shiloah Research Center by George Weidenfeld & Nicolson Limited. p. 34.
  19. ^ a b Mohammed Mahafoozur Rahman (1969). The Politics of Non-alignment. Associated Publishing House. p. 195.
  20. ^ "Rapport de stage effectué au Ministère des Affaires Etrangères à Kinshasa". Memoire online (in French). Retrieved 9 February 2024.
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  22. ^ (in Bulgarian). Archived from the original on August 26, 2018. Retrieved 16 November 2023.
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  24. ^ Études congolaises Volume 2 (in French). Institut politique congolais. 1962. p. 55. 23 novembre ... - M. Alioune Diakite , ambassadeur du Mali , présente ses lettres de créan- ces au Président Kasa - Vubu.
  25. ^ Congo (in French). Centre de recherche et d'information socio-politiques. 1961. p. 624. 23 novembre ... Alioune Diakite , ambassadeur du Mali , présente ses lettres de créance au président Kasa - Vubu .
  26. ^ a b Mathurin C. Houngnikpo, Samuel Decalo (2013). Historical Dictionary of Benin. Scarecrow Press. p. 161.
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  28. ^ a b "A Guide to Canadian Diplomatic Relations 1925-2019". Canadian Global Affairs Institute. Retrieved 18 June 2023.
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  41. ^ a b "Relaciones diplomáticas del Estado Espaniol" (in Spanish). p. 307. Retrieved 18 June 2023.
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  53. ^ "ความสัมพันธ์ระหว่างไทยกับสาธารณรัฐประชาธิปไตยคองโก". Royal Thai Embassy in Nairobi, Kenya (in Thai). Retrieved 16 November 2023.
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January 01, 1970
foreign, relations, democratic, republic, congo, this, article, factual, accuracy, compromised, date, information, please, help, update, this, article, reflect, recent, events, newly, available, information, november, 2013, location, center, africa, made, demo. This article s factual accuracy may be compromised due to out of date information Please help update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information November 2013 Its location in the center of Africa has made the Democratic Republic of the Congo at one time known as Zaire a key player in the region since independence Because of its size mineral wealth and strategic location Zaire was able to capitalize on Cold War tensions to garner support from the West In the early 1990s however with the end of the Cold War and in the face of growing evidence of human rights abuses Western support waned as pressure for internal reform increased The Democratic Republic of the Congo is in the grip of a civil war that has drawn in military forces from neighboring states with Ugandan Burundian and Rwandan forces helping the rebel movement which occupies much of the eastern portion of the state One problem is the continuing theft of mineral resources such as coltan by occupying forces One estimate has the Rwandan army making 350 million in 48 months from the sale of coltan even though Rwanda has no coltan deposits citation needed Not only can the DRC not make any money from its mineral wealth due to its inability to tax anything in rebel held areas but the wealth is also used itself to finance insurgent activities Troops from Zimbabwe Angola Namibia Chad and Sudan support the Kinshasa regime Furthermore relations with surrounding countries have often been driven by security concerns Intricate and interlocking alliances have often characterized regional relations Conflicts in Sudan Uganda Angola Rwanda and Burundi have at various times created bilateral and regional tensions The current crisis in DRC has its roots both in the use of The Congo as a base by various insurgency groups attacking neighboring countries and in the absence of a broad based political system in the Congo The Democratic Republic of the Congo is also a member of the International Criminal Court with a Bilateral Immunity Agreement of protection for the U S military as covered under Article 98 Contents 1 Disputes international 2 Illicit drugs 3 Diplomatic relations 4 Bilateral relations 4 1 Africa 4 2 Americas 4 3 Asia 4 4 Europe 5 See also 6 ReferencesDisputes international editDemocratic Republic of the Congo is in the grip of a civil war that has drawn in military forces from neighboring states with Uganda and Rwanda supporting the rebel movements that occupy much of the eastern portion of the state Tutsi Hutu Lendu Hema and other conflicting ethnic groups political rebels and various government forces continue fighting in Great Lakes region transcending the boundaries of Burundi Democratic Republic of the Congo Rwanda and Uganda heads of the Great Lakes states pledge to end conflict but localized violence continues despite UN peacekeeping efforts most of the Congo River boundary with the Republic of the Congo is indefinite no agreement has been reached on the division of the river or its islands except in the Pool Malebo Stanley Pool area On December 19 2005 the International Court of Justice found against Uganda in a case brought by the Democratic Republic of the Congo for illegal invasion of its territory and violation of human rights Illicit drugs editThe DRC has some illicit production of cannabis mostly for domestic consumption While rampant corruption and inadequate supervision leaves the banking system vulnerable to money laundering the lack of a well developed financial system limits the country s utility as a money laundering center Diplomatic relations editList of Countries which the Democratic Republic of the Congo maintains diplomatic relations with nbsp Country Date 1 nbsp Czech Republic 30 June 1960 1 2 nbsp Egypt 30 June 1960 2 3 nbsp France 30 June 1960 3 4 nbsp Germany 30 June 1960 4 5 5 nbsp Israel 30 June 1960 6 6 nbsp Japan 30 June 1960 7 7 nbsp Liberia 30 June 1960 8 8 nbsp Poland 30 June 1960 9 9 nbsp United States 30 June 1960 10 10 nbsp Ghana 1 July 1960 11 11 nbsp Belgium 2 July 1960 12 12 nbsp Portugal 7 July 1960 13 13 nbsp Russia 7 July 1960 14 14 nbsp United Kingdom 7 July 1960 15 15 nbsp Italy 21 July 1960 16 16 nbsp Netherlands 25 July 1960 17 17 nbsp Sudan 9 August 1960 18 18 nbsp India August 1960 19 19 nbsp Ivory Coast 1960 20 20 nbsp Tunisia 1960 21 21 nbsp Bulgaria 22 February 1961 22 22 nbsp Vietnam 13 April 1961 23 23 nbsp Mali 23 November 1961 24 25 24 nbsp Benin 1961 26 25 nbsp Serbia 1961 27 26 nbsp Canada 12 June 1962 28 27 nbsp Denmark 1 August 1962 29 28 nbsp Switzerland 12 October 1962 30 29 nbsp Sweden 1962 31 30 nbsp Uganda 4 March 1963 32 31 nbsp South Korea 1 April 1963 33 32 nbsp Indonesia 6 September 1963 34 33 nbsp Algeria 1963 35 34 nbsp Burundi 1963 36 35 nbsp Ethiopia 1963 37 36 nbsp Nigeria 1963 38 37 nbsp Tanzania 30 May 1964 39 38 nbsp Zambia 24 October 1964 40 39 nbsp Spain 3 November 1964 41 40 nbsp Cameroon 29 June 1965 42 41 nbsp Luxembourg 7 September 1965 43 42 nbsp Republic of the Congo 5 November 1965 44 45 43 nbsp Central African Republic February 1966 46 44 nbsp Guinea 1966 47 45 nbsp Kenya 1966 48 46 nbsp Greece 15 June 1966 49 47 nbsp Romania 14 October 1966 50 48 nbsp Brazil 21 June 1968 51 49 nbsp Morocco 27 September 1968 52 50 nbsp Thailand 14 February 1969 53 51 nbsp Rwanda February 1969 54 52 nbsp Chad 2 April 1969 55 53 nbsp Libya June 1969 56 54 nbsp Norway 27 September 1969 57 55 nbsp Niger 1969 58 56 nbsp Gabon 28 January 1970 59 57 nbsp Finland 3 April 1970 60 58 nbsp Togo 14 July 1970 61 59 nbsp Chile 31 March 1972 62 60 nbsp Mauritania May 1972 63 61 nbsp Lebanon June 1972 64 62 nbsp Austria 24 July 1972 65 63 nbsp Argentina 4 October 1972 66 64 nbsp Cambodia 5 October 1972 67 65 nbsp China 24 November 1972 68 66 nbsp North Korea 12 December 1972 69 67 nbsp Somalia 28 January 1973 70 68 nbsp Iran 11 February 1973 71 69 nbsp Hungary 16 June 1973 72 70 nbsp Saudi Arabia 13 September 1973 73 71 nbsp Cuba 11 April 1974 74 72 nbsp Guinea Bissau 19 July 1974 75 73 nbsp Madagascar 26 July 1974 76 74 nbsp Sierra Leone 20 January 1975 77 75 nbsp Mongolia 4 February 1975 78 76 nbsp Mexico 31 July 1975 79 77 nbsp Peru 3 August 1975 80 78 nbsp Turkey 22 October 1975 81 79 nbsp Mauritius 19 June 1976 82 80 nbsp Mozambique 30 July 1976 83 nbsp Holy See 31 January 1977 84 81 nbsp Sri Lanka 13 May 1978 85 82 nbsp Eswatini June 1978 86 83 nbsp Angola 29 July 1978 87 84 nbsp Oman 1978 88 85 nbsp Seychelles 1978 89 86 nbsp Ecuador 29 February 1980 90 87 nbsp Bahrain 3 June 1980 91 88 nbsp Malawi November 1980 92 93 89 nbsp Zimbabwe 1980 94 90 nbsp Gambia 7 January 1981 95 91 nbsp Singapore 23 March 1984 96 92 nbsp Uruguay 31 April 1984 97 93 nbsp San Marino 14 May 1984 98 nbsp Sovereign Military Order of Malta 1984 99 94 nbsp Haiti 1 October 1986 100 95 nbsp Nicaragua 16 April 1987 101 96 nbsp Namibia 4 October 1990 102 97 nbsp Kuwait 27 November 1990 103 98 nbsp South Africa 30 September 1992 104 99 nbsp Slovakia 18 February 1993 105 100 nbsp Bosnia and Herzegovina 20 March 1995 106 101 nbsp Malaysia 1997 107 102 nbsp Ukraine 13 April 1999 108 103 nbsp North Macedonia 27 September 1999 109 104 nbsp Philippines 9 January 2000 110 105 nbsp Ireland 2000 111 106 nbsp Jordan 16 September 2002 112 107 nbsp Venezuela 3 May 2005 113 108 nbsp Nepal 22 September 2006 114 109 nbsp Iceland 23 February 2007 115 110 nbsp Dominican Republic 26 September 2007 116 111 nbsp Croatia 19 October 2007 117 112 nbsp Montenegro 22 September 2010 118 113 nbsp Belarus 16 November 2010 119 114 nbsp Georgia 14 January 2011 120 115 nbsp Latvia 14 January 2011 121 116 nbsp Slovenia 25 February 2011 122 117 nbsp Azerbaijan 23 September 2011 123 118 nbsp Australia 2011 124 119 nbsp South Sudan 4 March 2013 125 120 nbsp Cape Verde 14 May 2014 126 121 nbsp Armenia 11 October 2015 127 122 nbsp United Arab Emirates 1 November 2017 128 123 nbsp Estonia 3 July 2018 129 124 nbsp Monaco 5 July 2018 130 125 nbsp Qatar 6 November 2019 131 126 nbsp Botswana 9 February 2023 127 nbsp Djibouti 19 October 2023 132 128 nbsp Bangladesh Unknown 129 nbsp Burkina Faso Unknown 130 nbsp Colombia Unknown 131 nbsp Comoros Unknown 132 nbsp Cyprus Unknown 133 nbsp Equatorial Guinea Unknown 134 nbsp Iraq Unknown 135 nbsp Lesotho Unknown 136 nbsp Pakistan Unknown 137 nbsp Senegal Unknown 138 nbsp Trinidad and Tobago UnknownBilateral relations editAfrica edit Country Formal Relations Began Notes nbsp Algeria Algeria has an embassy in Kinshasa DR Congo has an embassy in Algiers nbsp Angola 29 July 1978 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 29 July 1978 87 See Angola Democratic Republic of the Congo relations Angola has an embassy in Kinshasa DR Congo has an embassy in Luanda nbsp Benin 1961 Both countries established diplomatic relations in 1961 when has been accredited Mr Paul Fabo as Charge d Affaires of Dahomey to Leopoldville Kinshasa 1961 1963 and later ambassador to DRC Zaire 1963 1973 26 nbsp Burundi Burundi has an embassy in Kinshasa DR Congo has an embassy in Bujumbura nbsp Central African Republic CAR has an embassy in Kinshasa DR Congo has an embassy in Bangui nbsp Chad Chad has an embassy in Kinshasa DR Congo has an embassy in N Djamena and a consulate in Moundou nbsp Cote d Ivoire Cote d Ivoire has an embassy in Kinshasa DR Congo has an embassy in Abidjan nbsp Egypt 30 June 1960 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 30 June 1960 2 DR Congo has an embassy in Cairo Egypt has an embassy in Kinshasa nbsp Republic of the Congo See Democratic Republic of the Congo Republic of the Congo relations Congo has an embassy in Kinshasa DR Congo has an embassy in Brazzaville nbsp Kenya See Democratic Republic of the Congo Kenya relations DR Congo has an embassy in Nairobi Kenya has an embassy in Kinshasa nbsp Namibia 4 October 1990 See Democratic Republic of the Congo Namibia relations Both countries established diplomatic relations on 4 October 1990 102 DR Congo has an embassy in Windhoek Namibia has an embassy in Kinshasa nbsp Nigeria DR Congo has an embassy in Abuja Nigeria has an embassy in Kinshasa nbsp Rwanda Main article Democratic Republic of the Congo Rwanda relations Rwandan President Paul Kagame met with the Democratic Republic of the Congo s President Joseph Kabila in Goma on 6 August 2009 133 It was the first presidential meeting between the two countries for 13 years 134 with the two countries having come to a disagreement in 1996 following an invasion by Rwanda into eastern Congo a disagreement which was renewed in 1998 after a further invasion 133 The pair of presidents spent more than two hours in the company of each other and reviewed all issues of common interest 133 Kabila referred to it as the first giant step forward in what was referred to as an all new era 134 One month previous to the meeting both countries had appointed ambassadors to each other s capitals 133 134 In August 2013 Rwanda accused Congolese forces of persistently shelling Congo s territory after a flare up of fighting in the eastern Congo 135 DR Congo has an embassy in Kigali Rwanda has an embassy in Kinshasa nbsp Senegal DR Congo has an embassy in Dakar Senegal has an embassy in Kinshasa nbsp South Africa 30 September 1992 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 30 September 1992 104 DR Congo has an embassy in Pretoria South Africa has an embassy in Kinshasa and a consulate general in Lubumbashi nbsp Tanzania 30 May 1964 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 30 May 1964 when Andrew Tibandebage is appointed as Ambassador of Tanganyika to Congo Leopoldville 39 DR Congo has an embassy in Dar es Salaam and a consulate general in Kigoma Tanzania has an embassy in Kinshasa nbsp Togo 14 July 1970 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 14 July 1970 when Congo Kinshasa s first Ambassador to Togo Mr Kondo Belan presented his credentials to Head of State Etienne Eyadema 61 nbsp Uganda 4 March 1963 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 4 March 1963 32 DR Congo has an embassy in Kampala Uganda has an embassy in Kinshasa nbsp Zambia 24 October 1964 Both countries established diplomatic relations on Zambia s independence 24 October 1964 when Democratic Republic of the Congo has raised its consulate general in Lusaka to embassy level and consul Mabita has been promoted to charge d affaires 40 DR Congo has an embassy in Lusaka Zambia has an embassy in Kinshasa Americas edit Country Formal Relations Began Notes nbsp Argentina 4 October 1972 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 4 October 1972 66 Argentina is accredited to the DR Congo from its embassy in Abuja Nigeria DR Congo has an embassy in Buenos Aires nbsp Brazil 21 June 1968 See Brazil Democratic Republic of the Congo relations Both countries established diplomatic relations on 21 June 1968 136 Brazil has an embassy in Kinshasa DR Congo has an embassy in Brasilia nbsp Canada 12 June 1962 See Canada Democratic Republic of the Congo relations Both countries established diplomatic relations on 12 June 1962 28 Canada and the D R Congo share full membership in Francophonie Canada was the D R Congo s ninth largest country donor of official development assistance over 1960 2009 disbursing a total of US 0 89 billion in constant 2008 US dollars or 2 4 of DRC s total bilateral aid receipts 137 In 2009 Cdn 3 3 billion in assets were held by thirteen large scale and junior Canadian mining companies in the DRC a ten fold increase from 2001 138 Canada has an embassy in Kinshasa DR Congo has an embassy in Ottawa nbsp Cuba 11 April 1974 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 11 April 1974 74 Cuba has an embassy in Kinshasa DR Congo has an embassy in Havana nbsp Mexico 31 July 1975 See Democratic Republic of the Congo Mexico relations Both nations established diplomatic relations on 31 July 1975 79 DR Congo does not have an accreditation to Mexico Mexico is accredited to DR Congo from its embassy in Addis Ababa Ethiopia 139 nbsp United States 30 June 1960 See Democratic Republic of the Congo United States relations Both countries established diplomatic relations on 30 June 1960 10 The United States appointed its current ambassador to the D R C in 2007 The D R C appointed its current ambassador to the United States in 2000 The Congo has been on the State Department s travel advisory list since 1977 DR Congo has an embassy in Washington D C 140 United States has an embassy in Kinshasa 141 nbsp Uruguay 31 April 1984 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 31 April 1984 97 In December 2021 President Luis Lacalle Pou paid a visit to Bukavu and Goma and visited with Uruguayan soldiers stationed there as part of MONUSCO in Eastern DR Congo 142 DR Congo is accredited to Uruguay from its embassy in Buenos Aires Argentina Uruguay is accredited to the DR Congo from its embassy in Pretoria South Africa Asia edit Country Formal Relations Began Notes nbsp Azerbaijan 23 September 2011 See Azerbaijan Democratic Republic of the Congo relations Both countries established diplomatic relations on 23 September 2011 143 nbsp China 24 November 1972 See China Democratic Republic of the Congo relations Both countries established diplomatic relations on 24 November 1972 68 China is a large investor in the Democratic Republic of the Congo primarily in the secondary manufacturing and primary resource extraction markets China has an embassy in Kinshasa DR Congo has an embassy in Beijing nbsp India August 1960 See Democratic Republic of the Congo India relations Both countries established diplomatic relations in August 1960 when India had decided to open an Embassy in Leopoldville Kinshasa 19 DR Congo has an embassy in New Delhi 144 India has an embassy in Kinshasa 145 nbsp Israel DR Congo has an embassy in Tel Aviv Israel has a Honorary Consulate in Kinshasa nbsp Japan 30 June 1960 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 30 June 1960 7 DR Congo has an embassy in Tokyo Japan has an embassy in Kinshasa nbsp Lebanon DR Congo is accredited to Lebanon from its embassy in Cairo Egypt Lebanon has an embassy in Kinshasa nbsp South Korea 1 April 1963 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 1 April 1963 33 DR Congo has an embassy in Seoul South Korea has an embassy in Kinshasa nbsp Turkey 22 October 1975 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 22 October 1975 81 Democratic Republic of Congo has an embassy in Ankara 146 Turkey has an embassy in Kinshasa 146 Trade volume between the two countries was US 54 7 million in 2019 146 Europe edit Country Formal Relations Began Notes nbsp Belgium 2 July 1960 See Belgium Democratic Republic of the Congo relations Both countries established diplomatic relations on 2 July 1960 when establishment of the Belgian diplomatic mission in Leopoldville and Jean Van den Bosch becomes the Belgian ambassador 12 Belgium has an embassy in Kinshasa and a consulate general in Lubumbashi 147 DR Congo has an embassy in Brussels and a consulate general in Antwerp 148 nbsp France 30 June 1960 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 30 June 1960 3 DR Congo has an embassy in Paris France has an embassy in Kinshasa nbsp Germany 30 June 1960 See Democratic Republic of the Congo Germany relations Both countries established diplomatic relations on 30 June 1960 4 DR Congo has an embassy in Berlin Germany has an embassy in Kinshasa nbsp Greece 15 June 1966 See Democratic Republic of the Congo Greece relations Both countries established diplomatic relations on 15 June 1966 when Ambassador of Democratic Republic of Congo to Greece M Joseph Kahamba presented his credentials to King Constantin 49 Both countries are full members of Francophonie In July 2009 the Greek government pledged US 500 000 through the UN High Commissioner for Refugees for humanitarian assistance to Congo 149 DR Congo has an embassy in Athens Greece has an embassy in Kinshasa nbsp Italy 21 July 1960 See Democratic Republic of the Congo Italy relations Both countries established diplomatic relations on 21 July 1960 when accredited first Ambassador of Italy to Congo Leopoldville Mr Pietro Franca 16 DR Congo has an embassy in Rome Italy has an embassy in Kinshasa nbsp Netherlands 25 July 1960 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 25 July 1960 17 DR Congo has an embassy in The Hague Netherlands has an embassy in Kinshasa nbsp Norway 27 September 1969 See Democratic Republic of the Congo Norway relatio ns Both countries established diplomatic relations on 27 September 1969 57 DR Congo is accredited to Norway from its embassy in London United Kingdom Norway is accredited to the DR Congo from its embassy in Luanda Angola nbsp Poland 30 June 1960 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 30 June 1960 9 DR Congo has an embassy in Warsaw Poland is accredited to the DR Congo from its embassy in Luanda Angola nbsp Portugal 7 July 1960 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 7 July 1960 13 DR Congo has an embassy in Lisbon Portugal has an embassy in Kinshasa nbsp Russia 7 July 1960 See Democratic Republic of the Congo Russia relations Both countries established diplomatic relations on 7 July 1960 14 DR Congo has an embassy in Moscow Russia has an embassy in Kinshasa 150 nbsp Serbia 1961 Both countries established diplomatic relations in 1961 27 DR Congo has an embassy in Belgrade Serbia has an embassy in Kinshasa nbsp Spain 3 November 1964 See Democratic Republic of the Congo Spain relations Both countries established diplomatic relations on 3 November 1964 41 DR Congo has an embassy in Madrid Spain has an embassy in Kinshasa nbsp Sweden 1962 Both countries established diplomatic relations in 1962 31 DR Congo has an embassy in Stockholm Sweden has an embassy in Kinshasa nbsp United Kingdom 7 July 1960 See Democratic Republic of the Congo United Kingdom relations Both countries established diplomatic relations on 7 July 1960 when Mr Ian Dixon Scott Consul General of United Kingdom in Leopoldville has been appointed as the first British Ambassador to the Congo Leopoldville 15 DR Congo has an embassy in London United Kingdom has an embassy in Kinshasa See also editList of diplomatic missions in the Democratic Republic of the CongoReferences edit Pavol Petruf Ceskoslovenska zahranicna politika 1945 1992 vybrane udalosti a fakty v datumoch PDF in Slovak p 105 Retrieved 16 November 2023 a b Yitzhak Oron 1960 Middle East Record Volume 1 1960 Volume 1 Published for The Israel Oriental Society The Reuven Shiloah Research Center by George Weidenfeld amp Nicolson Limited p 27 Retrieved 22 November 2023 a b Liste chronologique des ambassadeurs envoyes extraordinaires ministres plenipotentiaires et charges d affaires de France a l etranger depuis 1945 PDF diplomatie gouv fr in French p 18 86 Retrieved 18 June 2023 a b The Embassy of Democratic Republic of the Congo in Berlin Berlin Global Retrieved 7 April 2024 Kongo Demokratische Republik Kongo Beziehungen zu Deutschland PDF 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2013 Rwanda says Congolese forces shelling its territory Reuters Documentos de politica externa Volumes 1 4 in Portuguese Brazil Ministerio das Relacoes Exteriores Brazil Secretaria Geral Adjunta para o Planejamento Politico 1967 p 23 Retrieved 4 June 2023 Organisation for Economic Co operation and Development Aggregate Aid Statistics ODA by recipient by country OECD International Development Statistics database doi 10 1787 data 00061 en accessed March 12 2011 Miron Michel 2010 Africa Cumulative Canadian Mining Assets calculated at acquisition construction or fabricating costs and includes capitalized exploration and development costs non controlling interests and excludes liquid assets cumulative depreciation and write off Minerals and Metals Sector Department of Natural Resources Canada internal document Embajada de Mexico en Etiopia embamex sre gob mx in European Spanish Retrieved 2017 07 20 Republique Democratique du Congo ambardcusa org Retrieved 2017 07 20 U S Embassy in the Democratic Republic of the Congo U S Embassy in the Democratic Republic of the Congo Retrieved 2017 07 20 Presidente uruguayo pasa Navidad con los cascos azules de su pais en RDC in Spanish The Democratic Republic of the Congo Republic of Azerbaijan Ministry of Foreign Affairs Retrieved 29 April 2023 Democratic Republic of the Congo Embassy in India embassypages com Retrieved 19 April 2018 MEA Indian Missions Abroad Indian Mission mea gov in Retrieved 19 April 2018 a b c Relations between Turkey and the Democratic Republic of Congo La Belgique en Republique Democratique du Congo Taalkeuze Choix de langue Sprachauswahl Language Choice countries diplomatie belgium be Retrieved 2017 07 20 Bienvenue sur le site de l Ambassade de RD Congo a Bruxelles Site Officiel de l Ambassade de la RDCONGO pres le Benelux et de l Union Europeenne Retrieved 19 April 2018 Greece sends aid to Congo Archived from the original on 2011 06 05 Retrieved 2009 07 24 Embassy of the Russian Federation in Kinshasa Archived from the original on 2009 08 21 Retrieved 2009 07 24 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Foreign relations of the Democratic Republic of the Congo amp oldid 1220034877, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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