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Faisalabad

January 02, 2023

For the district, see Faisalabad District.

Faisalabad ( /fɑːɪsɑːlˌbɑːd/; Punjabi/Urdu: فیصل آباد, Punjabi pronunciation: [fɛːsə̆ləˌbäːd]; Urdu pronunciation: [fɛːsˈlɑˌbɑːd]), formerly known as Lyallpur (Punjabi, Urdu: لائل پور), named after the founder of the city, but was renamed in 1977 in honour of late King Faisal of Saudi Arabia. It is the 3rd largest city of Pakistan after Karachi and Lahore respectively, and the 2nd largest city of Punjab after Lahore. Faisalabad is one of Pakistan's wealthiest cities, the largest industrial hub and second largest city of wider Punjab region.

Faisalabad
فیصل آباد
Lyallpur
Metropolis
From top, left to right:
Clock Tower, Sikh Gurdwara, Satyana Road Flyover, Faisalabad Pindi-Bhattian Interchange, Circuit House Gardens, Faisalabad Canal.
Seal
Nickname: 
The Manchester of Pakistan
Faisalabad
Location of Faisalabad
Faisalabad
Faisalabad (Pakistan)
Coordinates: 31°25′0″N 73°5′28″E / 31.41667°N 73.09111°E / 31.41667; 73.09111Coordinates: 31°25′0″N 73°5′28″E / 31.41667°N 73.09111°E / 31.41667; 73.09111
Country Pakistan
Province Punjab
DivisionFaisalabad
DistrictFaisalabad
Settled1892
Founded bySir James Broadwood Lyall
Government
 • Mayor of FaisalabadNone (Vacant)[1]
 • Deputy Mayor of Faisalabad3 zonal mayors
Area
 • City1,330 km2 (512 sq mi)
 • Land840 km2 (325 sq mi)
 • Water430 km2 (165 sq mi)  33%
 • Metro
5,860 km2 (2,261 sq mi)
 • Rank3rd
Elevation
186 m (610 ft)
Population
 (2017)[2][3]
 • City3,204,726
 • Rank3rd, Pakistan
 • Density2,400/km2 (6,300/sq mi)
DemonymFaisalabadi
Time zoneUTC+05:00 (PKT)
ZIP code format
38xxx
Area code041
Vehicle registrationThree letters beginning with F and random four numbers (e.g. FDA-1234)
Former NameLyallpur
Official LanguageUrdu
Native languagePunjabi Doabi
Languages (1981)98.2% Punjabi Doabi
1.8% Others[4]
GDP/PPP$93 billion (2021)[5]
Websitewww.fda.gov.pk

Historically one of the first planned cities within British India, it has long since developed into a cosmopolitan metropolis. Faisalabad was restructured into city district status; a devolution promulgated by the 2001 local government ordinance (LGO). The total area of Faisalabad District is 5,856 km2 (2,261 sq mi)[6] while the area controlled by the Faisalabad Development Authority (FDA) is 1,326 km2 (512 sq mi).[7][8]: 8 

Faisalabad has grown to become a major industrial and distribution centre because of its central location in the region and connecting roads, rails, and air transportation.[9] It has been referred to as the Manchester of Pakistan".[10][11] As of 2013, GDP (PPP) of Faisalabad was estimated as $43 billion[5] and projected to rise to $87 billion in 2025 at a growth rate of 5.7%.[12] Faisalabad contributes over 10 percent to the Punjab's GDP and has an average annual GDP (nominal) of $20.5 billion.[5] Agriculture and industry remain its hallmark.[13][8]: 41 

History

 
The first university in Lyallpur was built by the British Indian Empire in 1906 with the foundation stone laid by Sir Louis Dane, then Lieutenant and Governor of Punjab.[14]
 
Mohammed Ali Jinnah, in Lyallpur where he gave a historic speech at Dhobi Ghat, c. 1943
 
One of the earlier industrial exhibition at the University of Agriculture, still a major exhibition in the city today, c. 1949
 
Lady Mountbatten, Vicereine of India, among the Hindu evacuees at the Punjab Scouts Camp, Layallpur during partition of British India
 
Gurudawar Layallpur, a Sikh Gurdwara constructed during the reign of the British Empire in 1911

Toponymy

The settlement was established in 1892 during the colonisation of the lower Chenab Valley. This city was settled down by Rai Bahadur Bhavanidas Sikka, because of this work British Government granted jagirs to him. After Partition his descendants settled in India. Now His fourth generations are settled in Mumbai. This city was named in honour of Lieutenant-Governor of the Punjab, Sir James Lyall, for his role in establishing the canal colonisation project.[15][16] The surname Lyall was joined with the noun pur, meaning 'city' in Sanskrit.[17]

On 1 September 1977, the Government of Pakistan changed the name of the city from Lyallpur to Faisalabad ('City of Faisal') in honour of King Faisal of Saudi Arabia, who made several financial contributions to Pakistan.[18][19][20]

Early settlements

The region encompassing modern day Faisalabad district was originally inhabited by a number of forest-dwelling tribes.[15] It is believed these early settlements belonged to the ancient districts of Jhang and Sandalbar, and included the area between Shahdara to Shorekot and Sangla Hill to Toba Tek Singh.[21] The shrine of Baba Noor Shah Wali was erected in the area in the 1600s.[22]

Development

At the conclusion of the Second Anglo-Sikh War in 1849, the entire Punjab region became administered as Punjab province, firstly by the East India Company and after 1858 as part of the British Raj.[23][24]

In the 1880s the Punjab government began an irrigation scheme to cultivate large tracts of western Punjab through the creation of canal colonies.[25] The Chenab colony was the largest of these colonisation projects, and covered the entirety of present-day Faisalabad district. Popham Young, the Colonisation Officer managing the project identified the site of the current city to establish headquarters for the colony.[15][26]

Young designed the settlement's centre to replicate the design in the Union Jack with eight roads extending from a large clock tower at its epicentre;[27] a design geometrically symbolic of the Cross of Saint Andrew counterchanged with the Cross of Saint Patrick, and Saint George's Cross over all.[28] The eight roads developed into eight separate bazaars (markets) leading to different regions of the Punjab.[16][29] In 1892, the newly constructed town with its growing agricultural surplus was added to the British rail network.[30] Construction of the rail link between Wazirabad and Lyallpur was completed in 1895.[27] In 1896, Gujranwala, Jhang and Sahiwal comprising the Tehsils of Lyallpur were under the administrative control of the Jhang District.[31] The town became one of the first planned settlements within British India.[13]

In 1904, the new district of Lyallpur was created to include the tehsils of Samundri and Toba Tek Singh with a sub-tehsil at Jaranwala, which later became a full tehsil in itself.[32] The University of Agriculture, originally the Punjab Agricultural College and Research Institute, Lyallpur, was established in 1906.[14] The Town Committee was upgraded to a Municipal Committee in 1909. Lyallpur grew into an established agricultural tool and grain centre.[33] By 1911 the city had a population of 19,578.[15] The 1930s brought industrial growth and market expansion to the textile industry as well as to food processing, grain crushing and chemicals.[16]

Independence

In August 1947, following three decades of nationalist struggles, India and Pakistan achieved independence. The British agreed to partition British India into two sovereign states – Pakistan with a Muslim majority, and India with a Hindu majority; however, more Muslims remained in India than what governing authorities believed would assimilate into Pakistan.[34] The partitioning led to a mass migration of an estimated 10 million people which made it the largest mass migration in human history.[34] The Punjab province was divided into Punjab, West Pakistan and Punjab, India. There were also respective divisions of the British Indian Army, the Indian Civil Service, various administrative services, the central treasury, and the railways.[35] Riots and local fighting followed the expeditious withdrawal of the British, resulting in an estimated one million civilians deaths, particularly in the western region of Punjab.[34] Lyallpur, which was located in the region of the Punjab Province that became West Pakistan, was populated by a number of Hindus and Sikhs who migrated to India, while Muslim refugees from India settled in the district.[35]

In 1977, Pakistani authorities changed the name of the city to "Faisalabad" to honour the close relationship of Faisal of Saudi Arabia with Pakistan.[36] During the eighties, the city realised an increase in foreign investment.[37] More Faisalabadis began working abroad as bilateral ties improved within the new dominion. This led to more monetary funds returning to the city that aided the development of the region.[20] In 1985, the city was upgraded as a division with the districts of Faisalabad, Jhang and Toba Tek Singh.[21]

Geography

Location

Faisalabad lies in the rolling flat plains of northeast Punjab, at 186 metres (610 ft) above sea level. The city proper comprises approximately 1,326 square kilometres (512 sq mi) while the district encompasses more than 16,000 square kilometres (6,200 sq mi). The Chenab River flows about 30 kilometres (19 mi), and the Ravi River meanders 40 kilometres (25 mi) to the southeast. The lower Chenab canal provides water to 80% of cultivated lands making it the main source of irrigation. Faisalabad is bound on the north by Chiniot and Sheikhupura, on the east by Sheikhupura and Sahiwal, on the south by Sahiwal and Toba Tek Singh and on the west by Jhang.[38]

Geology

The district of Faisalabad is part of the alluvial plains between the Himalayan foothills and the central core of the Indian subcontinent.[39] The alluvial deposits are typically over a thousand feet thick.[40] The interfluves are believed to have been formed during the Late Pleistocene and feature river terraces.[41] These were later identified as old and young floodplains of the Ravi River on the Kamalia and Chenab Plains. The old floodplains consist of Holocene deposits from the Ravi and Chenab rivers.[42]

The soil consists of young stratified silt loam or very fine sand loam which makes the subsoil weak in structure with common kankers at only five feet. The course of the rivers within Faisalabad are winding and often subject to frequent alternations. In the rainy season, the currents are very strong. This leads to high floods in certain areas which do last for a number of days. The Rakh and Gogera canals have encouraged the water levels in the district however the belt on the Ravi River has remained narrow. The river bed does include the river channels which have shifted the sand bars and low sandy levees leading to river erosion.[40] Faisalabad is situated at the centre of the lower Rechna Doab, the area is located between the Chenab and Ravi rivers. There is a mild slope from the northeast to the southwest with an average fall of 0.2–0.3 metres per kilometre (1.1–1.6 feet per mile). The city is situated at an elevation of about 183 metres (600 ft). The topography is marked by valleys, local depression and high ground.[43]

Climate

Main article: Climate of Faisalabad
 
Monsoon clouds over city

The weather in the city is monitored by the Pakistan Meteorological Department.[44] The Pakistan Meteorological Department regularly provides forecasts, public warnings and rainfall information to farmers with the assistance of the National Agromet Centre.[45][46][47]

Average annual rainfall is approximately 615 millimetres (24.2 in). It is at its peak in July and August during monsoon season though western disturbances during winter months also bring considerable rainfall associated with hail.[48] Monsoon season which starts in July and ends in September brings heavy rain to the city causing flash flooding.[49][50] If the monsoon currents interact with the western disturbance, then cloudburst can also occur. July is the wettest month of the year during which flooding is reported number of times.[48][51][52][53] Monsoon ends in September and then the dry period begins. October and November are the driest months with very little rainfall. During winter the weather usually remains cloudy associated with frequent fog.[43] Record-breaking rainfall of 264.2 millimetres (10.40 in) was recorded on 5 September 1961 by the Pakistan Meteorological Department.[54] The temperature of the city has reached a summer maximum record temperature of 48.0 °C (118.4 °F), which was observed on 9 June 1947 and again on 26 May 2010.[55] An extreme minimum temperature of −4.0 °C (24.8 °F) was recorded on 15 January 1978. The highest wind gust ever recorded in Faisalabad occurred during a severe dust-thunderstorm on 2 June 2000, when the maximum wind speed reached 151 kilometers per hour (94 mph).[55] Apart from temperature and rainfall records, the winds in Faisalabad are generally light. The city lies in an area with low wind speeds. Westerly breeze dominates the afternoons, while the nights are calm. Southeast / easterly winds are common here during the monsoon season. Faisalabad, being in the plains, can experience severe thunderstorms and high wind gusts that can be damaging to its crops.[56]

Climate data for Faisalabad
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Record high °C (°F) 26.6
(79.9) 		30.8
(87.4) 		37
(99) 		44
(111) 		47.5
(117.5) 		48
(118) 		46.1
(115.0) 		42
(108) 		41.1
(106.0) 		40
(104) 		36.1
(97.0) 		29.2
(84.6) 		48
(118)
Average high °C (°F) 19.4
(66.9) 		22.2
(72.0) 		27.4
(81.3) 		34.2
(93.6) 		39.7
(103.5) 		41.0
(105.8) 		37.7
(99.9) 		36.5
(97.7) 		36.6
(97.9) 		33.9
(93.0) 		28.2
(82.8) 		22.1
(71.8) 		31.6
(88.9)
Average low °C (°F) 4.8
(40.6) 		7.6
(45.7) 		12.6
(54.7) 		18.3
(64.9) 		24.1
(75.4) 		27.6
(81.7) 		27.9
(82.2) 		27.2
(81.0) 		24.5
(76.1) 		17.7
(63.9) 		10.4
(50.7) 		6.1
(43.0) 		17.4
(63.3)
Record low °C (°F) −2.9
(26.8) 		−1.4
(29.5) 		1
(34) 		7
(45) 		13
(55) 		17
(63) 		19
(66) 		18.6
(65.5) 		15.6
(60.1) 		9
(48) 		2
(36) 		−1.3
(29.7) 		−4
(25)
Average precipitation mm (inches) 31.5
(1.24) 		34.3
(1.35) 		49.1
(1.93) 		43
(1.7) 		24
(0.9) 		43.8
(1.72) 		101
(4.0) 		119.6
(4.71) 		71.3
(2.81) 		9.8
(0.39) 		2.6
(0.10) 		15.4
(0.61) 		615.7
(24.24)
Average precipitation days 4 5 7 6 5 5 10 10 4 2 2 3 63
Average relative humidity (%) 61 51 44 26 21 18 63 55 57 26 31 51 42
Source: [57]

Culture

Main articles: Culture of Pakistan and List of places in Faisalabad
 
The Chenab Club, built 1904, is a social club that was inaugurated by British Officer Henry Cues. It was the first of its kind in the city.[58]
 
The Nusrat Fateh Ali Khan Auditorium, home of the Faisalabad Arts Council.[59]
 
Newly launched Chase Up Mall
 
Chicken jalfrezi pizza is made with spicy tandoori styled chicken, two types of cheese and mixed peppers.
 
Seekh Kebabs

Faisalabad, the third most populated metropolis in Pakistan after Karachi and Lahore[60] is an epicentre for trade that has gained popularity for its colonial heritage sites.[61] In 1982, the Government of Punjab established the Faisalabad Arts Council, a division of the Punjab Arts Council which is overseen administratively by the Information, Culture and Youth Affairs Department.[62] The Faisalabad Arts Council building, designed by architect Nayyer Ali Dada, was completed in 2006. The auditorium was named after the late Nusrat Fateh Ali Khan, a Pakistani musician and singer.[62]

Festivals

The Punjabi people celebrate a variety of cultural and religious festivals throughout the Punjab region, such as arts and craft, music, local events, and religious celebrations.[63] The city of Faisalabad customarily celebrates its independence day on 14 August every year by raising the Pakistan flag at the clock tower in the Commissioner Office compound. Bazaars are colourfully decorated for the celebration, government and private buildings are brightly lit, and there are similar flag–raising ceremonies that are typically held in the district and its tehsils.[64][65]

The arrival of spring brings the annual "Rang-e-Bahar" festival where the Parks & Horticulture Authority of the city district government organise a flower show and exhibition at Jinnah Gardens.[66] The University of Agriculture organises a similar event at their main campus which is known as the "Kissan Mela".[67] The festival of Basant which involves kite flying is an annual tradition in the city despite the ban.[68] The provincial government introduced the "Canal Mela" which involves five days of festivities including the main canal in the city being decorated with national floats and lights ending with a musical concert to conclude the festival.[69]

Being a Muslim majority the city religious observances include Ramadan and Muharram. The festivals of Chaand Raat, Eid al-Fitr and Eid al-Adha are celebrated and are national holidays.[70] The celebration of the Prophet Muhammad birthday is observed in the city which is often referred to as "Eid Milād-un-Nabī".[71] There are a number of darbar and shrines which attract a number of devotees during the annual Urs.[72] There are a number of Christian churches in the city where Easter and Christmas services take place each year.[73][74]

Attire

Traditional attire in Faisalabad is Punjabi clothing such as the Kurta and Sherwanis.[75] Faisalabadi men wear white shalwar kameez as do women but also with a dupatta (scarf). The more religious women wear burqas that may or may not cover the face.[75] Combinations of Pakistani and Western attire are worn by women, such as an embroidered kurta worn with jeans or trousers, and half sleeve or sleeveless shirts with Capri pants. Men and women have adopted some of the modern Western styles for both casual and formal business dress such as dress pants, trousers, T-shirts and jeans.[75]

Faisalabad Institute of Textile and Fashion Design at the Government College University teaches Fashion Design as part of their Fine Arts program.[76] Some of the more conservative establishments and universities follow strict dress codes, such as the National Textile University in Faisalabad where a notice was issued on 27 April 2016 by university professor Muhammad Ashfaq. The intent of the notice was to "promote a positive image of the NTU and to maintain good moral, religious and cultural values among the faculty, staff and students." The dress code bans certain styles of Western attire including shorts, sleeveless shirts and shawls for men. Women are prohibited from wearing jeans, tights or leggings, sleeveless or half-sleeved shirts for women. Women are also prohibited from wearing heavy make-up and expensive jewellery.[77]

Cuisine

Faisalabadi cuisine is a mixture Punjabi cuisine as well as Mughlai cuisine and Anglo-Indian cuisine. Famous dishes include rice or roti (flatbread) served with a vegetable or non-vegetable curry, a salad consisting of spiced tomatoes and onions, and yogurt. This is usually accompanied by a variety of South Asian sweets such as gud, gajar ka halwa, gulab jamun, and jalebi.[78] Tandoori barbecue specialties consist of a variety of naan bread served with tandoori chicken, chicken tikka or lamb shishkebab served with a mint chutney.[79]

Street foods are a key element to Faisalabadi cuisine.[80] Samosas (deep fried pastry filled with vegetables or meat) topped with an onion salad and two types of chutney. There is even a square dedicated to them in the old city.[81] Other street foods include, dahi bhale (deep fried vadas in creamy yoghurt), gol gappay (fried round puri filled with vegetables and topped with tamarind chutney) and vegetable or chicken pakoras. Biryani and murgh pilao rice are a speciality in Faisalabad.[82]

A typical breakfast in Faislabadi is halwa poori, consisting of a deep fried flatbread served with a spicy chickpea curry and sweet orange coloured halwa.[81] It is customarily accompanied by a sweet or salty yoghurt based drink called lassi.[83] During winter, a common breakfast is roghni naan served with paya.[84]

Certain drinks are available seasonally, such as, such as rabri doodh, a drink commonly made with full-fat milk, almonds, pistachios and basil seeds, dhood patti (milky tea), and Kashmiri chai, a pink coloured milky tea containing almonds and pistachios, which is had in the winters.[85] During summer, drinks such as sugar cane juice, nimbu pani (iced lemon water), skanjvi (iced orange and black pepper) and lassi are consumed.[86]

There are American fast food franchises that cater to the local community, such as McDonald's, Kentucky Fried Chicken (KFC), and Pizza Hut.[citation needed]

Literacy

According to a report by the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO), the 2015 literacy rate for Pakistan ranked 160th which is among the lowest literacy rates in the world.[87]

In 1981, Faisalabad was among four districts in Punjab, which included Gujranwala, Jhelum and Gujrat, that were experiencing low literacy rates, due primarily to either a lack of resources or family pressure; the latter of which may also be attributable to illiteracy.[87] In 1998, Faisalabad progressed to a higher literacy rate with the most improvement realised at the primary school level.[88] In 2008, Faisalabad District ranked 51.9% which placed the district ninth in literacy out of the 34 Punjab districts.[89]

In 2014, the city held its first literary festival which brought a number of writers to the city to encourage the community to follow the arts.[90] Two literary groups were established, the Faisalabad Union of Column Writers and Faisalabad Union of Journalists, to bring together printed media personalities for the purpose of providing training to budding writers from the city.[91]

Notable people

Many famous and notable people were either born or lived in Faisalabad, some of them are;

Demographics

The language of Faisalabad is Punjabi predominantly 96%, Urdu and Pashto are spoken by 2% population each. Faisalabad is world's second largest Punjabi speaking city. Faisalabad was established as one of the first planned towns of British India, covering an area of 3 square kilometres (1.2 sq mi).[92] It was initially designed to accommodate 20,000 people. The city's population increased from 69,930 in 1941 to 179,000 in 1951 (152.2% increase).[93] Much of the increase is attributed to the settlement of Muslim refugees from East Punjab and Haryana, India. In 1961, the population rose to 425,248, an increase of 137.4%. Faisalabad set a record in the demographic history of Pakistan by registering an overall population increase of 508.1% between 1941 and 1961. The industrial revolution of the 1960s contributed to population growth.[93] In 1961, the population was 425,248. A 1972 census ranked Faisalabad as the third largest city of Pakistan with a population of 864,000. In a 1981 census, the population was 1,092,000; however, the Faisalabad Development Authority estimated the number to be 1,232,000.[93] In the 2017 consensus, the total population of the city was 3,203,846[2]

Religion and ethnic groups

 
A Mughal inspired mosque in the old city. The majority of the population are Muslim.[94]
 
Many Mosques are Mughal-inspired.

The province of Punjab, in which Faisalabad is the second largest city, has prevalent sociocultural distinctions.[95] Population sizes vary by district but some distinguishing factors include a young age structure, high age dependency ratio, a higher percentage of males, a higher proportion of married population, and heterogeneity in tribes and languages.[95]: 387 

Islam is the most common religion, with a 97.22% Muslim majority according to the 1998 Pakistan census report and 2001 population data sheet.[95] People live in tight-knit joint families, although a nuclear family system is emerging due to changing socio-economic conditions.[95] Ancient culture prevails in most marriage practices in the region, as do certain restrictions related to ethnicity and tribes. However, the influences of more modern societies have effected some change, particularly in the area of the dowry system. In the following ancient culture, marriages are customarily arranged by the parents or matchmakers. In some instances, the husband must buy his wife from her parents.[96] Studies conducted in 2007 and 2013, the latter in an outlying rural village in Faisalabad District, acknowledged the existence of gender bias and discrimination against females, stating that "Gender discrimination is not a new phenomenon", and that it still exists in the modern world.[95]

Social change in the region has been a slow process but there are indications that change has occurred as more villages are exposed to various forms of media and modernized urban communities. In early 2014, there was a march known as the "White Ribbon Campaign" which took place in front of the Faisalabad Press Club. Protestors appealed to the government to adopt new laws "to protect women who are discriminated against in the family and workplace."[97]

Prevalent minorities, particularly Hindu and Christian, feel a sense of vulnerability because of their religious beliefs.[94] Labourers and farmhands form the countless Christian villages throughout Punjab; many are descendants of people who converted from Hinduism to Christianity under the British Raj, and considered low caste by virtue of their birth.[34] A small population of wealthy, well-educated Christians have settled in Karachi; however, as a result of increasing Islamization, religious intolerance in Pakistani society, blasphemy laws and Islamist militancy, most have left Pakistan to settle in other countries where there is more religious tolerance, such as Canada and Australia.[94][98]

Economy

 
The Chenab Chowk monument pays homage to the city's textile industry.[20]
 
Eight separate markets compose the Ghanta Ghar bazaar where locally grown produce is sold.

As of 2013 GDP (PPP) of Faisalabad was estimated as $43 billion[5] and projected to rise to $87 billion in 2025 at a growth rate of 5.7%.[12] Faisalabad contributes over 5% toward Pakistan's annual GDP; therefore, it is often referred to as the "Manchester of Pakistan".[10][11] Faisalabad's average annual GDP (nominal) is $20.55 billion (USD), of which 21% comes from agriculture.[5][8]: 41  The surrounding countryside, irrigated by the lower Chenab River, produces agricultural commodities such as cotton, rice, sugarcane, wheat, fruit and vegetables.[99][100] The city has carved a niche as an industrial centre with its highways, railways, railway repair yards, processing mills, and engineering works. It is a producer of industrial goods and textile manufacturing including cotton and silk textiles, super phosphates, hosiery, dyes, industrial chemicals, clothing, pulp and paper, printing, agricultural equipment, ghee (clarified butter), and beverages.[101]

 
Lyallpur Galleria, One of the Faisalabad Malls

The Faisalabad Chamber of Commerce and Industry monitors industrial activity in the city and reports their findings to the Federation of Pakistan Chambers of Commerce and Industry and provincial government.[102] The city has a major dry port[103][8]: 25  and an international airport.[8]: 26 

Faisalabad is recognised as the centre of the textile industry in Pakistan, contributing to half of Pakistans total textile shipments.[104] At the end of June 2012, textile mills employed 20% of the nation's workforce, and generated 1.3 trillion rupees ($13.8 billion) in textile products, most of which were exported to the US and Europe.[104] While Punjab's economy is driven primarily by agriculture, the textile industry along with leather products and light engineering goods play an important role, with more than 48,000 industrial units spread across Punjab.[105] In an effort to boost bilateral trade, Romania and Turkey have honorary-consulates in Faisalabad which enable trade links with the city.[106][107]

The Faisalabad clock tower and its eight bazaars (markets) remain a major trading zone in the city.[108] Each of the eight bazaars has a special name and is known for selling certain goods as follows:[109]

  • Katchery Bazaar, named for the court (Katchery) is known for its mobile phone and accessory market.
  • Rail Bazar is a gold and cloth market.
  • Bhawana Bazaar supplies electrical and electronic goods.
  • Jhang Bazaar supplies fish, meat, vegetables and fruits.
  • Aminpur Bazaar supplies stationery and interior décor.
  • Kharkhana Bazaar is known for herbal medicines.
  • Gol Bazaar contains dry fruit, as well as wholesale soap, oil, and ghee shops.
  • Chiniot Bazaar is known for allopathic and homoeopathic medicinal stores, cloth, blankets, sofa cloth, and curtains. It also has poultry feed wholesale shops.
  • Montgomery Bazaar (also known as Sutar Mandi) is known for yarn and raw cloth trading.

Faisalabad has received substantial funding from the government of Punjab and the city district government to improve infrastructure and roads to rural areas.[110] In an effort to deal with the energy crisis, the FCCI has been working with private companies to develop renewable energy resources such as solar energy and the construction of dams within the district.[111] CAE, a German-based renewable energy company, has disclosed plans to establish the first solar panel manufacturing facility in Faisalabad, second of its kind in Asia, with intentions of investing upwards of €100 million (Rs 12.9 billion) for its development.[112]

FIEDMC was established by Federal Government to boost manufacturing in Faisalabad. Main features are suitable land, affordable cost, state-of-art infrastructure, provision of utilities at the doorstep of each industry and full set of dedicated business support services. It has three main projects[113] of national importance

  1. Value Addition City (VAC)
  2. M-3 Industrial City (M-3-IC)
  3. Allama Iqbal City (AllC)

The M-3 Industrial City comprises 4356 acres of land while the ALLC comprises more than 3300 acres. accommodating Textile, Pharmaceuticals, Information Technology, Chemicals Automotive, service complex, etc.

Education

Main article: List of educational institutions in Faisalabad
 
 
Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Agriculture.

In 2013, Faisalabad's literacy rate of 46% for females was noticeably lower than the 69% for males; rural literacy was 49% compared to 74% in urban areas.[114]

Faisalabad has several research and educational institutions, both public and private, such as the Divisional Public School Faisalabad, University of Agriculture, Government College University, National Textile University, Nuclear Institute for Agriculture and Biology, University of Faisalabad, Government College for Women University and the University of Engineering & Technology of Lahore.[115] In 2014, the University of Agriculture ranked first in agriculture and fourth overall for universities in Pakistan according to the Higher Education Commission of Pakistan (HEC), and was ranked 142nd in the 2013 Top 200 World Universities for agriculture and forestry by Quacquarelli Symonds (QS).[116]

Education system

The education system is monitored by the chief executive officer (CEO) of the District Education Authority of Faisalabad.[117] The city government reports its findings to the Ministry of Federal Education and Professional Training and the Minister for Education. Funding is provided by the government of Pakistan, City District Government and the fees collected from schools. There are four levels of the education system in the city: Primary, Elementary, High and Higher Secondary Level. Primary level education is only compulsory.[118] There are a number of schools for the assistance of children with special needs.[119]

Government and public services

Civic administration

Faisalabad was restructured into city district status; a devolution promulgated by the 2001 local government ordinance (LGO).[120] It is governed by the city district's seven departments: Agriculture, Community Development, Education, Finance and Planning, Health, Municipal Services, and Works and Services.[121] The district coordination officer of Faisalabad (DCO) is head of the city district government and responsible for co-ordinating and supervising the administrative units.[121] Each of the seven departments has its own Executive District Officer who is charged with co-ordinating and overseeing the activities of their respective departments.

The aim of the city district government is to empower politics by improving governance which basically involved decentralising administrative authority with the establishment of different departments and respective department heads, all working under one platform. The stated vision and mission of the city district government of Faisalabad is to "establish an efficient, effective and accountable city district government, which is committed to respecting and upholding women, men and children's basic human rights, responsive towards people's needs, committed to poverty reduction and capable of meeting the challenges of the 21st century. Our actions will be driven by the concerns of local people."[121]

Tehsil municipal administration

In 2005, Faisalabad was reorganised as a city district composed of eight Tehsil municipal administrations (TMAs) or towns as follows: Lyallpur, Madina, Jinnah, Iqbal, Chak Jhumra, Jaranwala, Samundari, and Tandlianwala.[122] The functions of the TMA include preparation of the spatial and land use plans, management of these development plans and exercise of control over land use, land sub-division, land development and zoning by public and private sectors, enforcement of municipal laws, rules and by-laws, provision and management of water, drainage waste and sanitation along with allied municipal services.[123]

There are 118 union councils in Faisalabad. Their role is to collect and maintain statistical information for socio-economic surveys. They consolidate ward neighbourhood development needs and prioritise these into union-wide development proposals. The council identifies any deficiencies in the delivery of these services and makes recommendations for improvement to the TMA.[124]

Faisalabad Development Authority

The Faisalabad Development Authority (FDA) was validly established in October 1976 under The Punjab Development of Cities Act (1976) to regulate, supervise and implement development activities in its jurisdiction area.[125][126] The FDA acts as a policy-making body for the development of the city and is in charge of arranging and supervising major developments within the city. It is responsible for the administration of building regulations, management of parks and gardens and subsoil water management. The FDA works with the Water and Sanitation Agency (WASA) to control and maintain the water supply, sewerage and drainage.[127] The FDA works to improve conditions in the slums.[128]

Healthcare

Healthcare services are provided to the citizens by both public and private sector hospitals. The government–run hospitals are Allied Hospital, District HQ Hospital, Institute of Child Care,[129] PINUM Cancer Hospital, Faisalabad Institute of Cardiology (FIC) and General Hospitals in Ghulam Muhammadabad and Samanabad.[130] There are a number of private hospitals, clinics and laboratories in the city.

Law enforcement

Law enforcement in Faisalabad is carried out by the city police, under the command of the city police officer (CPO), an appointment by the provincial government.[131] The office of the CPO is located in the District Courts, Faisalabad.[132] Various police formations include district police, elite police, traffic police, Punjab highway patrolling, investigation branch, and special branch.[133]

Taxation

Regional Tax Office, Tax House, Faisalabad, a field formation of Federal Board of Revenue, is situated at Jail Road, Faisalabad. It is responsible for monitioring and collection of federal taxes (Income Tax, Sales Tax and Federal Excise Duty) in the vicinity of Faisalabad Division. This office actively engages mass media as well as other institutions to spread awareness about taxation and facilitate voluntary tax compliances.

Sanitation

The Water and Sanitation Agency (WASA) is a subsidiary of Faisalabad Development Authority (FDA), established on 23 April 1978 under the Development of Cities Act 1976.[134] Estimates in indicate that the WASA provides about 72% of the city's sewerage services and about 60% of their water services.[135] The existing production capacity of the WASA is 65 million imperial gallons per day (300 million litres per day), almost all of which is drawn from wells located in the old beds of the Chenab River. From the wells, water is pumped to a terminal reservoir located on Sargodha Road.[136] Water is normally supplied for a total of about 8 hours per day to the majority of the city.[136] The Japan International Cooperation Agency (JICA) has provided financial and hardware equipment to help improve the water and sanitation conditions in the city.[137]

Media

Television and radio

The Pakistan Electronic Media Regulatory Authority (PEMRA) is responsible for the regulation and monitoring of electronic media entertainment in the country.[138] Pakistan Television Corporation, is the state-owned regulated television broadcasting network.[139] The government began licensing private broadcasters in 2002.[140]

The government of Pakistan installed the first radio transmitters in the city on 15 September 1982.[141] "Radio Pakistan" broadcasts three government regulated FM stations: "Radio Pakistan FM101, Radio Pakistan FM93 and Radio Pakistan Sautul Qur'an Channel FM93.4. FM101 became operational in 2002, FM93 went live in 2010 and FM93.4 Sautul Qur'an Channel went live in 2016; PBC all three stations are standard power KW 2.5.[142]

Telecommunications

Pakistan Telecommunication Authority is a government-owned organisation that is responsible for the establishment, operation and maintenance of telecommunications in the city.[143] The organisation monitors and prevents illegal exchanges in the city.[144]

Pakistan Telecommunication Company Limited is the main provider of fixed line, mobile and broadband services. Regional headquarters is located at the Central Telecom House in Chinot Bazaar.[145] With the deregulation of the telecommunication sector by the Ministry of Information Technology, a range of companies now offer mobile and broadband services in the city.[146]

Film and theatre

In 2008, the Government of Pakistan lifted a forty-year ban on Bollywood films which allowed Indian films to be played in cinemas.[147] The cinema industry has since seen the introduction of new cinemas such as Cinepax by Hotel One,[148] and Cine Nagina.[149]

The Government College University in Faisalabad encourages students from the University of Agriculture to hold workshops and explore themes of peace and tolerance which can be used in an engaging and entertaining way to communicate complex issues to different audiences.[150]

Recreation

 
D Ground Central Park was rebuilt by the city district government and now includes miniatures of the symbols of Pakistan such as the Mazar-e-Quaid, Minar-e-Pakistan, and Bab-e-Pakistan.
 
Iqbal Stadium, is an international cricket ground, home to the Faisalabad Wolves cricket team.

Parks and open spaces

Faisalabad is home to a number of parks, most of which are maintained by the Parks and Horticulture Authority, Faisalabad. The oldest park in the city is Jinnah Garden, the city's central park, commonly known as "Company Bagh" and where the monument of Sir James Broadwood Lyall is situated.[151]

Other parks include Canal Park, a family park located on the west bank of the Rakh Branch Canal.[20] The Gatwala Wildlife Park is a botanical natural reserve located at Gatwala that was renovated by the city district government.[152] The Pahari Grounds near D Ground is another renovated park that has a Pakistan Air Force F-86 Sabre on display.[153]

Sports

Main article: List of sports venues in Faisalabad

Cricket is a popular sport in Faisalabad. Regional and international cricket matches are held in Iqbal Stadium,[154] named after Pakistani poet Sir Allama Muhammad Iqbal.[155] The stadium is home to Faisalabad's local team, the Faisalabad Wolves.[156] Iqbal Stadium hosted the 1987 Cricket World Cup,[157] and the 1996 Cricket World Cup.[158]

The Faisalabad Hockey Stadium, located on Susan Road, was constructed in 2002, and can accommodate 25,000 spectators. On 16 April 2003, the stadium was inaugurated by Khalid Maqbool, governor of Punjab. It is the third-largest field hockey stadium in the country.[159] The stadium has hosted field hockey matches for both national and international competition but by the beginning of 2016 was reported to be in "pathetic condition as its astroturf has completed its life span about eight years ago." Commissioner Naseem Nawaz advised that efforts were under way to maintain the stadium.[159]

In October 2002, the Government College University established a Directorate of Sports to promote university and national level sports for male and female players. Infrastructure and facilities are available for university players in track, hockey, tennis, basketball, table tennis, badminton and cricket pitch.[160]

Public libraries and museums

There are two libraries that are open to the public: Allama Iqbal Library and Municipal Corporation Public Library. They are funded and regulated by the government of Punjab under the service sector.[161]

  • Allama Iqbal Library is located on University Road, opposite the District Courts. The library is housed in the 1911-built colonial building originally named "Coronation Library" during the rule of the British Empire. In 2012, the building came under control of the Lyallpur Heritage Foundation[162] and the Punjab Archives and Libraries Department.[163]
  • Lyallpur Museum is located adjacent to the Allama Iqbal Library on University Road. It is a heritage museum and art gallery open to the public. The museum is primarily focused on regional history with a collection of artwork, artefacts and photographs.[164]
  • Municipal Library is located in Iqbal Park on Narwala Road, opposite the historical grounds of Dhobi Ghat.[165] The library has a large collection of books, a photo gallery and a conference centre. In 2011, the library underwent a renovation costing 40 million rupees.[166]
  • The Forest Library at the Punjab Forestry Research Institute (PFRI) is one of two specialist libraries, the other being in Lahore.[167] Opened in 1986, the research library is based at the Wildlife Research Center in Gatwala.[168]

Sister cities

Faisalabad's sister city is:

Transportation

 
The M3 interchange connecting the M2 and M4 is an important junction for the city where it connects the north and south of the country[169]
 
Roads in Faisalabad
 
The front entrance to the 19th century colonial railway station
 
Faisalabad International Airport

Faisalabad is well-connected by rail, road and air. Public transportation in Faisalabad includes auto-rickshaws, buses and railways. Faisalabad International Airport is located on the outskirts of the city, and operates flights to the Middle East.[170]

Road

Main article: Roads in Faisalabad

The majority of roads are under the control of the National Highway Authority, linking Faisalabad with other cities in the country.[171]

National highways and motorways passing through Faisalabad

Faisalabad is connected to various parts of the country by several National Highways and Motorways:[136][171]: maps 

  • The Grand Trunk Road, otherwise known as GT Road, is the original highway that links Faisalabad to most parts of Pakistan as well as neighbouring countries. GT Road was the main highway that ran through the district before the completion of the motorways.[172]
  • The M-4 motorway (Pakistan) or M4 is an access-controlled motorway connecting M-2 motorway (Pakistan) from Pindi Bhatian Interchange via Faisalabad to Multan. The M2 was the first motorway connecting Rawalpindi and Islamabad to Lahore.[171]: 6  The M4 further joined the M5 which connects to the southern city of Sukkur.[173]

The district government has worked with the National Highway Authority to connect Multan and Faisalabad.[174] The M4 was designed to reduce congestion, boost trade, and reduce travel times and transportation costs from Faisalabad, a major textile hub to the major trade centre of Multan.

Buses

Bus transportation is provided by the Regional Transport Authority (RTA) Faisalabad. Faisalabad's bus network started as a series of several numbered feeder routes, but only three of these routes remain following the discontinuation of most others. These operational routes are designated as B-10, B-11, and W-20. Due to demand not met by the public transportation services, the private wagon and rickshaw operators make up a larger proportion of the transportation network than bus routes.[175][176]

Previously, Faisalabad Urban Transport System Service (FUTS) provided service. It was launched in 1994, and operated a number of large CNG buses and smaller Toyota HiAce vans connecting the majority of the city.[177] There is another public-private run bus operator, Brothers Metro, which is a consortium between the government of Punjab and a private firm who operates a fleet of air-conditioned CNG buses.[178]

Rail

The Faisalabad railway station is the central railway station in the city. The railway line forms part of the Khanewal–Wazirabad railway line. Rail services are operated by Pakistan Railways, owned and operated by the Ministry of Railways.[179]

Cargo Express services are operated by Pakistan Railways which runs from Karachi to Faisalabad via Multan. Twenty-seven bogies compose the goods train, and are handled respectively by private contractors at the station.[180] The station has a special cargo facility operated by the Ministry of Railways (Pakistan) for handling various goods from the city to other regions of the country. An express parcel service runs from Karachi to Lahore via Faisalabad.[181]

Air traffic

Faisalabad International Airport is approximately 15 kilometres (9.3 mi) from the city centre and is a major airport for domestic and international travel. The airport includes a cargo facility. As of January 2016, passenger flights are run by the national flag carrier, Pakistan International Airlines, and a number of middle eastern carriers. FlyDubai became the first international carrier to launch operations from the city followed by Qatar Airways, Air Arabia and Gulf Air.[182][183]

In 2015, significant upgrades and renovations to the airport were initiated by the Pakistan Civil Aviation Authority, including updates to aviation technology, construction of additional areas and services for travellers, and the expansion of air traffic capabilities to accommodate wide-body aircraft such as the Boeing 777.[184]

See also

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External links

 
Faisalabad test of Wikipedia at Wikimedia Incubator
  • Punjab Government website
  • Faisalabad at Curlie
  •   Faisalabad travel guide from Wikivoyage

January 02, 2023
faisalabad, district, district, ɑː, ɑː, ɑː, punjabi, urdu, فیصل, آباد, punjabi, pronunciation, fɛːsə, ləˌbäːd, urdu, pronunciation, fɛːsˈlɑˌbɑːd, formerly, known, lyallpur, punjabi, urdu, لائل, پور, named, after, founder, city, renamed, 1977, honour, late, kin. For the district see Faisalabad District Faisalabad f ɑː ɪ s ɑː l ˌ b ɑː d Punjabi Urdu فیصل آباد Punjabi pronunciation fɛːse leˌbaːd Urdu pronunciation fɛːsˈlɑˌbɑːd formerly known as Lyallpur Punjabi Urdu لائل پور named after the founder of the city but was renamed in 1977 in honour of late King Faisal of Saudi Arabia It is the 3rd largest city of Pakistan after Karachi and Lahore respectively and the 2nd largest city of Punjab after Lahore Faisalabad is one of Pakistan s wealthiest cities the largest industrial hub and second largest city of wider Punjab region Faisalabad فیصل آبادLyallpurMetropolisFrom top left to right Clock Tower Sikh Gurdwara Satyana Road Flyover Faisalabad Pindi Bhattian Interchange Circuit House Gardens Faisalabad Canal SealNickname The Manchester of PakistanFaisalabadLocation of FaisalabadShow map of Punjab PakistanFaisalabadFaisalabad Pakistan Show map of PakistanCoordinates 31 25 0 N 73 5 28 E 31 41667 N 73 09111 E 31 41667 73 09111 Coordinates 31 25 0 N 73 5 28 E 31 41667 N 73 09111 E 31 41667 73 09111Country PakistanProvince PunjabDivisionFaisalabadDistrictFaisalabadSettled1892Founded bySir James Broadwood LyallGovernment Mayor of FaisalabadNone Vacant 1 Deputy Mayor of Faisalabad3 zonal mayorsArea City1 330 km2 512 sq mi Land840 km2 325 sq mi Water430 km2 165 sq mi 33 Metro5 860 km2 2 261 sq mi Rank3rdElevation186 m 610 ft Population 2017 2 3 City3 204 726 Rank3rd Pakistan Density2 400 km2 6 300 sq mi DemonymFaisalabadiTime zoneUTC 05 00 PKT ZIP code format38xxxArea code041Vehicle registrationThree letters beginning with F and random four numbers e g FDA 1234 Former NameLyallpurOfficial LanguageUrduNative languagePunjabi DoabiLanguages 1981 98 2 Punjabi Doabi1 8 Others 4 GDP PPP 93 billion 2021 5 Websitewww wbr fda wbr gov wbr pkHistorically one of the first planned cities within British India it has long since developed into a cosmopolitan metropolis Faisalabad was restructured into city district status a devolution promulgated by the 2001 local government ordinance LGO The total area of Faisalabad District is 5 856 km2 2 261 sq mi 6 while the area controlled by the Faisalabad Development Authority FDA is 1 326 km2 512 sq mi 7 8 8 Faisalabad has grown to become a major industrial and distribution centre because of its central location in the region and connecting roads rails and air transportation 9 It has been referred to as the Manchester of Pakistan 10 11 As of 2013 update GDP PPP of Faisalabad was estimated as 43 billion 5 and projected to rise to 87 billion in 2025 at a growth rate of 5 7 12 Faisalabad contributes over 10 percent to the Punjab s GDP and has an average annual GDP nominal of 20 5 billion 5 Agriculture and industry remain its hallmark 13 8 41 Contents 1 History 1 1 Toponymy 1 2 Early settlements 1 3 Development 1 4 Independence 2 Geography 2 1 Location 2 2 Geology 3 Climate 4 Culture 4 1 Festivals 4 2 Attire 4 3 Cuisine 4 4 Literacy 4 5 Notable people 5 Demographics 5 1 Religion and ethnic groups 6 Economy 7 Education 7 1 Education system 8 Government and public services 8 1 Civic administration 8 2 Tehsil municipal administration 8 3 Faisalabad Development Authority 8 4 Healthcare 8 5 Law enforcement 8 6 Taxation 9 Media 9 1 Television and radio 9 2 Telecommunications 9 3 Film and theatre 10 Recreation 10 1 Parks and open spaces 10 2 Sports 10 3 Public libraries and museums 11 Sister cities 12 Transportation 12 1 Road 12 2 Buses 12 3 Rail 12 4 Air traffic 13 See also 14 References 15 External linksHistory Edit The first university in Lyallpur was built by the British Indian Empire in 1906 with the foundation stone laid by Sir Louis Dane then Lieutenant and Governor of Punjab 14 Mohammed Ali Jinnah in Lyallpur where he gave a historic speech at Dhobi Ghat c 1943 One of the earlier industrial exhibition at the University of Agriculture still a major exhibition in the city today c 1949 Lady Mountbatten Vicereine of India among the Hindu evacuees at the Punjab Scouts Camp Layallpur during partition of British India Gurudawar Layallpur a Sikh Gurdwara constructed during the reign of the British Empire in 1911 Toponymy Edit The settlement was established in 1892 during the colonisation of the lower Chenab Valley This city was settled down by Rai Bahadur Bhavanidas Sikka because of this work British Government granted jagirs to him After Partition his descendants settled in India Now His fourth generations are settled in Mumbai This city was named in honour of Lieutenant Governor of the Punjab Sir James Lyall for his role in establishing the canal colonisation project 15 16 The surname Lyall was joined with the noun pur meaning city in Sanskrit 17 On 1 September 1977 the Government of Pakistan changed the name of the city from Lyallpur to Faisalabad City of Faisal in honour of King Faisal of Saudi Arabia who made several financial contributions to Pakistan 18 19 20 Early settlements Edit The region encompassing modern day Faisalabad district was originally inhabited by a number of forest dwelling tribes 15 It is believed these early settlements belonged to the ancient districts of Jhang and Sandalbar and included the area between Shahdara to Shorekot and Sangla Hill to Toba Tek Singh 21 The shrine of Baba Noor Shah Wali was erected in the area in the 1600s 22 Development Edit At the conclusion of the Second Anglo Sikh War in 1849 the entire Punjab region became administered as Punjab province firstly by the East India Company and after 1858 as part of the British Raj 23 24 In the 1880s the Punjab government began an irrigation scheme to cultivate large tracts of western Punjab through the creation of canal colonies 25 The Chenab colony was the largest of these colonisation projects and covered the entirety of present day Faisalabad district Popham Young the Colonisation Officer managing the project identified the site of the current city to establish headquarters for the colony 15 26 Young designed the settlement s centre to replicate the design in the Union Jack with eight roads extending from a large clock tower at its epicentre 27 a design geometrically symbolic of the Cross of Saint Andrew counterchanged with the Cross of Saint Patrick and Saint George s Cross over all 28 The eight roads developed into eight separate bazaars markets leading to different regions of the Punjab 16 29 In 1892 the newly constructed town with its growing agricultural surplus was added to the British rail network 30 Construction of the rail link between Wazirabad and Lyallpur was completed in 1895 27 In 1896 Gujranwala Jhang and Sahiwal comprising the Tehsils of Lyallpur were under the administrative control of the Jhang District 31 The town became one of the first planned settlements within British India 13 In 1904 the new district of Lyallpur was created to include the tehsils of Samundri and Toba Tek Singh with a sub tehsil at Jaranwala which later became a full tehsil in itself 32 The University of Agriculture originally the Punjab Agricultural College and Research Institute Lyallpur was established in 1906 14 The Town Committee was upgraded to a Municipal Committee in 1909 Lyallpur grew into an established agricultural tool and grain centre 33 By 1911 the city had a population of 19 578 15 The 1930s brought industrial growth and market expansion to the textile industry as well as to food processing grain crushing and chemicals 16 Independence Edit In August 1947 following three decades of nationalist struggles India and Pakistan achieved independence The British agreed to partition British India into two sovereign states Pakistan with a Muslim majority and India with a Hindu majority however more Muslims remained in India than what governing authorities believed would assimilate into Pakistan 34 The partitioning led to a mass migration of an estimated 10 million people which made it the largest mass migration in human history 34 The Punjab province was divided into Punjab West Pakistan and Punjab India There were also respective divisions of the British Indian Army the Indian Civil Service various administrative services the central treasury and the railways 35 Riots and local fighting followed the expeditious withdrawal of the British resulting in an estimated one million civilians deaths particularly in the western region of Punjab 34 Lyallpur which was located in the region of the Punjab Province that became West Pakistan was populated by a number of Hindus and Sikhs who migrated to India while Muslim refugees from India settled in the district 35 In 1977 Pakistani authorities changed the name of the city to Faisalabad to honour the close relationship of Faisal of Saudi Arabia with Pakistan 36 During the eighties the city realised an increase in foreign investment 37 More Faisalabadis began working abroad as bilateral ties improved within the new dominion This led to more monetary funds returning to the city that aided the development of the region 20 In 1985 the city was upgraded as a division with the districts of Faisalabad Jhang and Toba Tek Singh 21 Geography EditLocation Edit Faisalabad lies in the rolling flat plains of northeast Punjab at 186 metres 610 ft above sea level The city proper comprises approximately 1 326 square kilometres 512 sq mi while the district encompasses more than 16 000 square kilometres 6 200 sq mi The Chenab River flows about 30 kilometres 19 mi and the Ravi River meanders 40 kilometres 25 mi to the southeast The lower Chenab canal provides water to 80 of cultivated lands making it the main source of irrigation Faisalabad is bound on the north by Chiniot and Sheikhupura on the east by Sheikhupura and Sahiwal on the south by Sahiwal and Toba Tek Singh and on the west by Jhang 38 Geology Edit The district of Faisalabad is part of the alluvial plains between the Himalayan foothills and the central core of the Indian subcontinent 39 The alluvial deposits are typically over a thousand feet thick 40 The interfluves are believed to have been formed during the Late Pleistocene and feature river terraces 41 These were later identified as old and young floodplains of the Ravi River on the Kamalia and Chenab Plains The old floodplains consist of Holocene deposits from the Ravi and Chenab rivers 42 The soil consists of young stratified silt loam or very fine sand loam which makes the subsoil weak in structure with common kankers at only five feet The course of the rivers within Faisalabad are winding and often subject to frequent alternations In the rainy season the currents are very strong This leads to high floods in certain areas which do last for a number of days The Rakh and Gogera canals have encouraged the water levels in the district however the belt on the Ravi River has remained narrow The river bed does include the river channels which have shifted the sand bars and low sandy levees leading to river erosion 40 Faisalabad is situated at the centre of the lower Rechna Doab the area is located between the Chenab and Ravi rivers There is a mild slope from the northeast to the southwest with an average fall of 0 2 0 3 metres per kilometre 1 1 1 6 feet per mile The city is situated at an elevation of about 183 metres 600 ft The topography is marked by valleys local depression and high ground 43 Climate EditMain article Climate of Faisalabad Monsoon clouds over city The weather in the city is monitored by the Pakistan Meteorological Department 44 The Pakistan Meteorological Department regularly provides forecasts public warnings and rainfall information to farmers with the assistance of the National Agromet Centre 45 46 47 Average annual rainfall is approximately 615 millimetres 24 2 in It is at its peak in July and August during monsoon season though western disturbances during winter months also bring considerable rainfall associated with hail 48 Monsoon season which starts in July and ends in September brings heavy rain to the city causing flash flooding 49 50 If the monsoon currents interact with the western disturbance then cloudburst can also occur July is the wettest month of the year during which flooding is reported number of times 48 51 52 53 Monsoon ends in September and then the dry period begins October and November are the driest months with very little rainfall During winter the weather usually remains cloudy associated with frequent fog 43 Record breaking rainfall of 264 2 millimetres 10 40 in was recorded on 5 September 1961 by the Pakistan Meteorological Department 54 The temperature of the city has reached a summer maximum record temperature of 48 0 C 118 4 F which was observed on 9 June 1947 and again on 26 May 2010 55 An extreme minimum temperature of 4 0 C 24 8 F was recorded on 15 January 1978 The highest wind gust ever recorded in Faisalabad occurred during a severe dust thunderstorm on 2 June 2000 when the maximum wind speed reached 151 kilometers per hour 94 mph 55 Apart from temperature and rainfall records the winds in Faisalabad are generally light The city lies in an area with low wind speeds Westerly breeze dominates the afternoons while the nights are calm Southeast easterly winds are common here during the monsoon season Faisalabad being in the plains can experience severe thunderstorms and high wind gusts that can be damaging to its crops 56 Climate data for FaisalabadMonth Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec YearRecord high C F 26 6 79 9 30 8 87 4 37 99 44 111 47 5 117 5 48 118 46 1 115 0 42 108 41 1 106 0 40 104 36 1 97 0 29 2 84 6 48 118 Average high C F 19 4 66 9 22 2 72 0 27 4 81 3 34 2 93 6 39 7 103 5 41 0 105 8 37 7 99 9 36 5 97 7 36 6 97 9 33 9 93 0 28 2 82 8 22 1 71 8 31 6 88 9 Average low C F 4 8 40 6 7 6 45 7 12 6 54 7 18 3 64 9 24 1 75 4 27 6 81 7 27 9 82 2 27 2 81 0 24 5 76 1 17 7 63 9 10 4 50 7 6 1 43 0 17 4 63 3 Record low C F 2 9 26 8 1 4 29 5 1 34 7 45 13 55 17 63 19 66 18 6 65 5 15 6 60 1 9 48 2 36 1 3 29 7 4 25 Average precipitation mm inches 31 5 1 24 34 3 1 35 49 1 1 93 43 1 7 24 0 9 43 8 1 72 101 4 0 119 6 4 71 71 3 2 81 9 8 0 39 2 6 0 10 15 4 0 61 615 7 24 24 Average precipitation days 4 5 7 6 5 5 10 10 4 2 2 3 63Average relative humidity 61 51 44 26 21 18 63 55 57 26 31 51 42Source 57 Culture EditMain articles Culture of Pakistan and List of places in Faisalabad The Chenab Club built 1904 is a social club that was inaugurated by British Officer Henry Cues It was the first of its kind in the city 58 The Nusrat Fateh Ali Khan Auditorium home of the Faisalabad Arts Council 59 Newly launched Chase Up Mall Chicken jalfrezi pizza is made with spicy tandoori styled chicken two types of cheese and mixed peppers Seekh Kebabs Faisalabad the third most populated metropolis in Pakistan after Karachi and Lahore 60 is an epicentre for trade that has gained popularity for its colonial heritage sites 61 In 1982 the Government of Punjab established the Faisalabad Arts Council a division of the Punjab Arts Council which is overseen administratively by the Information Culture and Youth Affairs Department 62 The Faisalabad Arts Council building designed by architect Nayyer Ali Dada was completed in 2006 The auditorium was named after the late Nusrat Fateh Ali Khan a Pakistani musician and singer 62 Festivals Edit The Punjabi people celebrate a variety of cultural and religious festivals throughout the Punjab region such as arts and craft music local events and religious celebrations 63 The city of Faisalabad customarily celebrates its independence day on 14 August every year by raising the Pakistan flag at the clock tower in the Commissioner Office compound Bazaars are colourfully decorated for the celebration government and private buildings are brightly lit and there are similar flag raising ceremonies that are typically held in the district and its tehsils 64 65 The arrival of spring brings the annual Rang e Bahar festival where the Parks amp Horticulture Authority of the city district government organise a flower show and exhibition at Jinnah Gardens 66 The University of Agriculture organises a similar event at their main campus which is known as the Kissan Mela 67 The festival of Basant which involves kite flying is an annual tradition in the city despite the ban 68 The provincial government introduced the Canal Mela which involves five days of festivities including the main canal in the city being decorated with national floats and lights ending with a musical concert to conclude the festival 69 Being a Muslim majority the city religious observances include Ramadan and Muharram The festivals of Chaand Raat Eid al Fitr and Eid al Adha are celebrated and are national holidays 70 The celebration of the Prophet Muhammad birthday is observed in the city which is often referred to as Eid Milad un Nabi 71 There are a number of darbar and shrines which attract a number of devotees during the annual Urs 72 There are a number of Christian churches in the city where Easter and Christmas services take place each year 73 74 Attire Edit Traditional attire in Faisalabad is Punjabi clothing such as the Kurta and Sherwanis 75 Faisalabadi men wear white shalwar kameez as do women but also with a dupatta scarf The more religious women wear burqas that may or may not cover the face 75 Combinations of Pakistani and Western attire are worn by women such as an embroidered kurta worn with jeans or trousers and half sleeve or sleeveless shirts with Capri pants Men and women have adopted some of the modern Western styles for both casual and formal business dress such as dress pants trousers T shirts and jeans 75 Faisalabad Institute of Textile and Fashion Design at the Government College University teaches Fashion Design as part of their Fine Arts program 76 Some of the more conservative establishments and universities follow strict dress codes such as the National Textile University in Faisalabad where a notice was issued on 27 April 2016 by university professor Muhammad Ashfaq The intent of the notice was to promote a positive image of the NTU and to maintain good moral religious and cultural values among the faculty staff and students The dress code bans certain styles of Western attire including shorts sleeveless shirts and shawls for men Women are prohibited from wearing jeans tights or leggings sleeveless or half sleeved shirts for women Women are also prohibited from wearing heavy make up and expensive jewellery 77 Cuisine Edit Faisalabadi cuisine is a mixture Punjabi cuisine as well as Mughlai cuisine and Anglo Indian cuisine Famous dishes include rice or roti flatbread served with a vegetable or non vegetable curry a salad consisting of spiced tomatoes and onions and yogurt This is usually accompanied by a variety of South Asian sweets such as gud gajar ka halwa gulab jamun and jalebi 78 Tandoori barbecue specialties consist of a variety of naan bread served with tandoori chicken chicken tikka or lamb shishkebab served with a mint chutney 79 Street foods are a key element to Faisalabadi cuisine 80 Samosas deep fried pastry filled with vegetables or meat topped with an onion salad and two types of chutney There is even a square dedicated to them in the old city 81 Other street foods include dahi bhale deep fried vadas in creamy yoghurt gol gappay fried round puri filled with vegetables and topped with tamarind chutney and vegetable or chicken pakoras Biryani and murgh pilao rice are a speciality in Faisalabad 82 A typical breakfast in Faislabadi is halwa poori consisting of a deep fried flatbread served with a spicy chickpea curry and sweet orange coloured halwa 81 It is customarily accompanied by a sweet or salty yoghurt based drink called lassi 83 During winter a common breakfast is roghni naan served with paya 84 Certain drinks are available seasonally such as such as rabri doodh a drink commonly made with full fat milk almonds pistachios and basil seeds dhood patti milky tea and Kashmiri chai a pink coloured milky tea containing almonds and pistachios which is had in the winters 85 During summer drinks such as sugar cane juice nimbu pani iced lemon water skanjvi iced orange and black pepper and lassi are consumed 86 There are American fast food franchises that cater to the local community such as McDonald s Kentucky Fried Chicken KFC and Pizza Hut citation needed Literacy Edit According to a report by the United Nations Educational Scientific and Cultural Organization UNESCO the 2015 literacy rate for Pakistan ranked 160th which is among the lowest literacy rates in the world 87 In 1981 Faisalabad was among four districts in Punjab which included Gujranwala Jhelum and Gujrat that were experiencing low literacy rates due primarily to either a lack of resources or family pressure the latter of which may also be attributable to illiteracy 87 In 1998 Faisalabad progressed to a higher literacy rate with the most improvement realised at the primary school level 88 In 2008 Faisalabad District ranked 51 9 which placed the district ninth in literacy out of the 34 Punjab districts 89 In 2014 the city held its first literary festival which brought a number of writers to the city to encourage the community to follow the arts 90 Two literary groups were established the Faisalabad Union of Column Writers and Faisalabad Union of Journalists to bring together printed media personalities for the purpose of providing training to budding writers from the city 91 Notable people Edit Many famous and notable people were either born or lived in Faisalabad some of them are Freedom fighters Rai Ahmad Khan Kharal and Bhagat Singh Master Sunder Singh Lyallpuri Indian independence movement leader educationist and journalist Grahanandan Singh field hockey player Shahbaz Ahmed field hockey player Cricketers Rameez Raja Aqeel Ahmed Saeed Ajmal Moeen Akhtar Naeem Akhtar Shahid Nazir Wasim Haider Mohammad Talha Misbah ul Haq and Asif Ali Snooker player Muhammad Asif Scientist Nitya Anand Iqrar Ahmad Khan agricultural scientist Famous playback singer Mala Fateh Ali Khan famous Qawwali singer Famous Qawali singers Nusrat Fateh Ali Khan and Rahat Fateh Ali Khan Famous singer politician and philanthropist Abrar ul Haq Famous singer Karnail Gil Jassi Lailpuria a Punjabi singer of pop and bhangra music Famous singer Amanat Ali Swarn Noora Punjabi Sufi singer Lal Chand Yamla Jatt famous Punjabi folk singer Naqsh Lyallpuri pen name of Jaswant Rai Sharma Indian ghazal and Bollywood film lyricist Well known Punjabi language writer and poet Hari Singh Dilbar Ifti Nasim poet Naz Khialvi lyricist poet and radio broadcaster Gurcharan Das author spokesperson columnist writer CEO of Pundit amp Intellectual Khalid Maqbool lieutenant general and politician Arjan Singh marshal and only officer of the Indian Air Force to be promoted to five star rank recipient of Padma Bhushan and Padma Shri Arfa Karim famous computer prodigy Social activist Teji Bachchan The legendary actor Prithviraj Kapoor Zia Mohyeddin artist actor Resham famous film actress Tariq Teddy television actor and stand up comedian Nabeel Zafar television actor and producer Sakhawat Naz television actor and stand up comedian Barkat Ali Ludhianwi a Sufi and founder of the non political non profit religious organisation Dar ul Ehsan Rufin Anthony Roman Catholic priest and bishop John Joseph Roman Catholic priest and bishopDemographics EditPopulation growthCensus Pop 194169 930 1951179 000156 0 1961425 240137 6 1972823 34493 6 19811 104 20934 1 19982 008 86181 9 Figures based on the 2004 Baseline Surveyconducted by the Asian Urban Information Centre of Kobe 43 The language of Faisalabad is Punjabi predominantly 96 Urdu and Pashto are spoken by 2 population each Faisalabad is world s second largest Punjabi speaking city Faisalabad was established as one of the first planned towns of British India covering an area of 3 square kilometres 1 2 sq mi 92 It was initially designed to accommodate 20 000 people The city s population increased from 69 930 in 1941 to 179 000 in 1951 152 2 increase 93 Much of the increase is attributed to the settlement of Muslim refugees from East Punjab and Haryana India In 1961 the population rose to 425 248 an increase of 137 4 Faisalabad set a record in the demographic history of Pakistan by registering an overall population increase of 508 1 between 1941 and 1961 The industrial revolution of the 1960s contributed to population growth 93 In 1961 the population was 425 248 A 1972 census ranked Faisalabad as the third largest city of Pakistan with a population of 864 000 In a 1981 census the population was 1 092 000 however the Faisalabad Development Authority estimated the number to be 1 232 000 93 In the 2017 consensus the total population of the city was 3 203 846 2 Religion and ethnic groups Edit A Mughal inspired mosque in the old city The majority of the population are Muslim 94 Many Mosques are Mughal inspired The province of Punjab in which Faisalabad is the second largest city has prevalent sociocultural distinctions 95 Population sizes vary by district but some distinguishing factors include a young age structure high age dependency ratio a higher percentage of males a higher proportion of married population and heterogeneity in tribes and languages 95 387 Islam is the most common religion with a 97 22 Muslim majority according to the 1998 Pakistan census report and 2001 population data sheet 95 People live in tight knit joint families although a nuclear family system is emerging due to changing socio economic conditions 95 Ancient culture prevails in most marriage practices in the region as do certain restrictions related to ethnicity and tribes However the influences of more modern societies have effected some change particularly in the area of the dowry system In the following ancient culture marriages are customarily arranged by the parents or matchmakers In some instances the husband must buy his wife from her parents 96 Studies conducted in 2007 and 2013 the latter in an outlying rural village in Faisalabad District acknowledged the existence of gender bias and discrimination against females stating that Gender discrimination is not a new phenomenon and that it still exists in the modern world 95 Social change in the region has been a slow process but there are indications that change has occurred as more villages are exposed to various forms of media and modernized urban communities In early 2014 there was a march known as the White Ribbon Campaign which took place in front of the Faisalabad Press Club Protestors appealed to the government to adopt new laws to protect women who are discriminated against in the family and workplace 97 Prevalent minorities particularly Hindu and Christian feel a sense of vulnerability because of their religious beliefs 94 Labourers and farmhands form the countless Christian villages throughout Punjab many are descendants of people who converted from Hinduism to Christianity under the British Raj and considered low caste by virtue of their birth 34 A small population of wealthy well educated Christians have settled in Karachi however as a result of increasing Islamization religious intolerance in Pakistani society blasphemy laws and Islamist militancy most have left Pakistan to settle in other countries where there is more religious tolerance such as Canada and Australia 94 98 Economy Edit The Chenab Chowk monument pays homage to the city s textile industry 20 Eight separate markets compose the Ghanta Ghar bazaar where locally grown produce is sold As of 2013 update GDP PPP of Faisalabad was estimated as 43 billion 5 and projected to rise to 87 billion in 2025 at a growth rate of 5 7 12 Faisalabad contributes over 5 toward Pakistan s annual GDP therefore it is often referred to as the Manchester of Pakistan 10 11 Faisalabad s average annual GDP nominal is 20 55 billion USD of which 21 comes from agriculture 5 8 41 The surrounding countryside irrigated by the lower Chenab River produces agricultural commodities such as cotton rice sugarcane wheat fruit and vegetables 99 100 The city has carved a niche as an industrial centre with its highways railways railway repair yards processing mills and engineering works It is a producer of industrial goods and textile manufacturing including cotton and silk textiles super phosphates hosiery dyes industrial chemicals clothing pulp and paper printing agricultural equipment ghee clarified butter and beverages 101 Lyallpur Galleria One of the Faisalabad Malls The Faisalabad Chamber of Commerce and Industry monitors industrial activity in the city and reports their findings to the Federation of Pakistan Chambers of Commerce and Industry and provincial government 102 The city has a major dry port 103 8 25 and an international airport 8 26 Faisalabad is recognised as the centre of the textile industry in Pakistan contributing to half of Pakistans total textile shipments 104 At the end of June 2012 textile mills employed 20 of the nation s workforce and generated 1 3 trillion rupees 13 8 billion in textile products most of which were exported to the US and Europe 104 While Punjab s economy is driven primarily by agriculture the textile industry along with leather products and light engineering goods play an important role with more than 48 000 industrial units spread across Punjab 105 In an effort to boost bilateral trade Romania and Turkey have honorary consulates in Faisalabad which enable trade links with the city 106 107 The Faisalabad clock tower and its eight bazaars markets remain a major trading zone in the city 108 Each of the eight bazaars has a special name and is known for selling certain goods as follows 109 Katchery Bazaar named for the court Katchery is known for its mobile phone and accessory market Rail Bazar is a gold and cloth market Bhawana Bazaar supplies electrical and electronic goods Jhang Bazaar supplies fish meat vegetables and fruits Aminpur Bazaar supplies stationery and interior decor Kharkhana Bazaar is known for herbal medicines Gol Bazaar contains dry fruit as well as wholesale soap oil and ghee shops Chiniot Bazaar is known for allopathic and homoeopathic medicinal stores cloth blankets sofa cloth and curtains It also has poultry feed wholesale shops Montgomery Bazaar also known as Sutar Mandi is known for yarn and raw cloth trading Faisalabad has received substantial funding from the government of Punjab and the city district government to improve infrastructure and roads to rural areas 110 In an effort to deal with the energy crisis the FCCI has been working with private companies to develop renewable energy resources such as solar energy and the construction of dams within the district 111 CAE a German based renewable energy company has disclosed plans to establish the first solar panel manufacturing facility in Faisalabad second of its kind in Asia with intentions of investing upwards of 100 million Rs 12 9 billion for its development 112 FIEDMC was established by Federal Government to boost manufacturing in Faisalabad Main features are suitable land affordable cost state of art infrastructure provision of utilities at the doorstep of each industry and full set of dedicated business support services It has three main projects 113 of national importance Value Addition City VAC M 3 Industrial City M 3 IC Allama Iqbal City AllC The M 3 Industrial City comprises 4356 acres of land while the ALLC comprises more than 3300 acres accommodating Textile Pharmaceuticals Information Technology Chemicals Automotive service complex etc Education EditMain article List of educational institutions in Faisalabad Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry Faculty of Sciences University of Agriculture In 2013 Faisalabad s literacy rate of 46 for females was noticeably lower than the 69 for males rural literacy was 49 compared to 74 in urban areas 114 Faisalabad has several research and educational institutions both public and private such as the Divisional Public School Faisalabad University of Agriculture Government College University National Textile University Nuclear Institute for Agriculture and Biology University of Faisalabad Government College for Women University and the University of Engineering amp Technology of Lahore 115 In 2014 the University of Agriculture ranked first in agriculture and fourth overall for universities in Pakistan according to the Higher Education Commission of Pakistan HEC and was ranked 142nd in the 2013 Top 200 World Universities for agriculture and forestry by Quacquarelli Symonds QS 116 Education system Edit The education system is monitored by the chief executive officer CEO of the District Education Authority of Faisalabad 117 The city government reports its findings to the Ministry of Federal Education and Professional Training and the Minister for Education Funding is provided by the government of Pakistan City District Government and the fees collected from schools There are four levels of the education system in the city Primary Elementary High and Higher Secondary Level Primary level education is only compulsory 118 There are a number of schools for the assistance of children with special needs 119 Government and public services EditCivic administration Edit Faisalabad was restructured into city district status a devolution promulgated by the 2001 local government ordinance LGO 120 It is governed by the city district s seven departments Agriculture Community Development Education Finance and Planning Health Municipal Services and Works and Services 121 The district coordination officer of Faisalabad DCO is head of the city district government and responsible for co ordinating and supervising the administrative units 121 Each of the seven departments has its own Executive District Officer who is charged with co ordinating and overseeing the activities of their respective departments The aim of the city district government is to empower politics by improving governance which basically involved decentralising administrative authority with the establishment of different departments and respective department heads all working under one platform The stated vision and mission of the city district government of Faisalabad is to establish an efficient effective and accountable city district government which is committed to respecting and upholding women men and children s basic human rights responsive towards people s needs committed to poverty reduction and capable of meeting the challenges of the 21st century Our actions will be driven by the concerns of local people 121 Tehsil municipal administration Edit In 2005 Faisalabad was reorganised as a city district composed of eight Tehsil municipal administrations TMAs or towns as follows Lyallpur Madina Jinnah Iqbal Chak Jhumra Jaranwala Samundari and Tandlianwala 122 The functions of the TMA include preparation of the spatial and land use plans management of these development plans and exercise of control over land use land sub division land development and zoning by public and private sectors enforcement of municipal laws rules and by laws provision and management of water drainage waste and sanitation along with allied municipal services 123 There are 118 union councils in Faisalabad Their role is to collect and maintain statistical information for socio economic surveys They consolidate ward neighbourhood development needs and prioritise these into union wide development proposals The council identifies any deficiencies in the delivery of these services and makes recommendations for improvement to the TMA 124 Faisalabad Development Authority Edit The Faisalabad Development Authority FDA was validly established in October 1976 under The Punjab Development of Cities Act 1976 to regulate supervise and implement development activities in its jurisdiction area 125 126 The FDA acts as a policy making body for the development of the city and is in charge of arranging and supervising major developments within the city It is responsible for the administration of building regulations management of parks and gardens and subsoil water management The FDA works with the Water and Sanitation Agency WASA to control and maintain the water supply sewerage and drainage 127 The FDA works to improve conditions in the slums 128 Healthcare Edit Healthcare services are provided to the citizens by both public and private sector hospitals The government run hospitals are Allied Hospital District HQ Hospital Institute of Child Care 129 PINUM Cancer Hospital Faisalabad Institute of Cardiology FIC and General Hospitals in Ghulam Muhammadabad and Samanabad 130 There are a number of private hospitals clinics and laboratories in the city Law enforcement Edit Law enforcement in Faisalabad is carried out by the city police under the command of the city police officer CPO an appointment by the provincial government 131 The office of the CPO is located in the District Courts Faisalabad 132 Various police formations include district police elite police traffic police Punjab highway patrolling investigation branch and special branch 133 Taxation Edit Regional Tax Office Tax House Faisalabad a field formation of Federal Board of Revenue is situated at Jail Road Faisalabad It is responsible for monitioring and collection of federal taxes Income Tax Sales Tax and Federal Excise Duty in the vicinity of Faisalabad Division This office actively engages mass media as well as other institutions to spread awareness about taxation and facilitate voluntary tax compliances SanitationThe Water and Sanitation Agency WASA is a subsidiary of Faisalabad Development Authority FDA established on 23 April 1978 under the Development of Cities Act 1976 134 Estimates in indicate that the WASA provides about 72 of the city s sewerage services and about 60 of their water services 135 The existing production capacity of the WASA is 65 million imperial gallons per day 300 million litres per day almost all of which is drawn from wells located in the old beds of the Chenab River From the wells water is pumped to a terminal reservoir located on Sargodha Road 136 Water is normally supplied for a total of about 8 hours per day to the majority of the city 136 The Japan International Cooperation Agency JICA has provided financial and hardware equipment to help improve the water and sanitation conditions in the city 137 Media EditTelevision and radio Edit The Pakistan Electronic Media Regulatory Authority PEMRA is responsible for the regulation and monitoring of electronic media entertainment in the country 138 Pakistan Television Corporation is the state owned regulated television broadcasting network 139 The government began licensing private broadcasters in 2002 140 The government of Pakistan installed the first radio transmitters in the city on 15 September 1982 141 Radio Pakistan broadcasts three government regulated FM stations Radio Pakistan FM101 Radio Pakistan FM93 and Radio Pakistan Sautul Qur an Channel FM93 4 FM101 became operational in 2002 FM93 went live in 2010 and FM93 4 Sautul Qur an Channel went live in 2016 PBC all three stations are standard power KW 2 5 142 Telecommunications Edit Pakistan Telecommunication Authority is a government owned organisation that is responsible for the establishment operation and maintenance of telecommunications in the city 143 The organisation monitors and prevents illegal exchanges in the city 144 Pakistan Telecommunication Company Limited is the main provider of fixed line mobile and broadband services Regional headquarters is located at the Central Telecom House in Chinot Bazaar 145 With the deregulation of the telecommunication sector by the Ministry of Information Technology a range of companies now offer mobile and broadband services in the city 146 Film and theatre Edit In 2008 the Government of Pakistan lifted a forty year ban on Bollywood films which allowed Indian films to be played in cinemas 147 The cinema industry has since seen the introduction of new cinemas such as Cinepax by Hotel One 148 and Cine Nagina 149 The Government College University in Faisalabad encourages students from the University of Agriculture to hold workshops and explore themes of peace and tolerance which can be used in an engaging and entertaining way to communicate complex issues to different audiences 150 Recreation Edit D Ground Central Park was rebuilt by the city district government and now includes miniatures of the symbols of Pakistan such as the Mazar e Quaid Minar e Pakistan and Bab e Pakistan Iqbal Stadium is an international cricket ground home to the Faisalabad Wolves cricket team Parks and open spaces Edit Faisalabad is home to a number of parks most of which are maintained by the Parks and Horticulture Authority Faisalabad The oldest park in the city is Jinnah Garden the city s central park commonly known as Company Bagh and where the monument of Sir James Broadwood Lyall is situated 151 Other parks include Canal Park a family park located on the west bank of the Rakh Branch Canal 20 The Gatwala Wildlife Park is a botanical natural reserve located at Gatwala that was renovated by the city district government 152 The Pahari Grounds near D Ground is another renovated park that has a Pakistan Air Force F 86 Sabre on display 153 Sports Edit Main article List of sports venues in Faisalabad Cricket is a popular sport in Faisalabad Regional and international cricket matches are held in Iqbal Stadium 154 named after Pakistani poet Sir Allama Muhammad Iqbal 155 The stadium is home to Faisalabad s local team the Faisalabad Wolves 156 Iqbal Stadium hosted the 1987 Cricket World Cup 157 and the 1996 Cricket World Cup 158 The Faisalabad Hockey Stadium located on Susan Road was constructed in 2002 and can accommodate 25 000 spectators On 16 April 2003 the stadium was inaugurated by Khalid Maqbool governor of Punjab It is the third largest field hockey stadium in the country 159 The stadium has hosted field hockey matches for both national and international competition but by the beginning of 2016 was reported to be in pathetic condition as its astroturf has completed its life span about eight years ago Commissioner Naseem Nawaz advised that efforts were under way to maintain the stadium 159 In October 2002 the Government College University established a Directorate of Sports to promote university and national level sports for male and female players Infrastructure and facilities are available for university players in track hockey tennis basketball table tennis badminton and cricket pitch 160 Public libraries and museums Edit There are two libraries that are open to the public Allama Iqbal Library and Municipal Corporation Public Library They are funded and regulated by the government of Punjab under the service sector 161 Allama Iqbal Library is located on University Road opposite the District Courts The library is housed in the 1911 built colonial building originally named Coronation Library during the rule of the British Empire In 2012 the building came under control of the Lyallpur Heritage Foundation 162 and the Punjab Archives and Libraries Department 163 Lyallpur Museum is located adjacent to the Allama Iqbal Library on University Road It is a heritage museum and art gallery open to the public The museum is primarily focused on regional history with a collection of artwork artefacts and photographs 164 Municipal Library is located in Iqbal Park on Narwala Road opposite the historical grounds of Dhobi Ghat 165 The library has a large collection of books a photo gallery and a conference centre In 2011 the library underwent a renovation costing 40 million rupees 166 The Forest Library at the Punjab Forestry Research Institute PFRI is one of two specialist libraries the other being in Lahore 167 Opened in 1986 the research library is based at the Wildlife Research Center in Gatwala 168 Sister cities EditFaisalabad s sister city is Manchester United Kingdom Kobe Japan Qingdao ChinaTransportation Edit The M3 interchange connecting the M2 and M4 is an important junction for the city where it connects the north and south of the country 169 Roads in Faisalabad The front entrance to the 19th century colonial railway station Faisalabad International Airport Faisalabad is well connected by rail road and air Public transportation in Faisalabad includes auto rickshaws buses and railways Faisalabad International Airport is located on the outskirts of the city and operates flights to the Middle East 170 Road Edit Main article Roads in Faisalabad The majority of roads are under the control of the National Highway Authority linking Faisalabad with other cities in the country 171 National highways and motorways passing through FaisalabadFaisalabad is connected to various parts of the country by several National Highways and Motorways 136 171 maps The Grand Trunk Road otherwise known as GT Road is the original highway that links Faisalabad to most parts of Pakistan as well as neighbouring countries GT Road was the main highway that ran through the district before the completion of the motorways 172 The M 4 motorway Pakistan or M4 is an access controlled motorway connecting M 2 motorway Pakistan from Pindi Bhatian Interchange via Faisalabad to Multan The M2 was the first motorway connecting Rawalpindi and Islamabad to Lahore 171 6 The M4 further joined the M5 which connects to the southern city of Sukkur 173 The district government has worked with the National Highway Authority to connect Multan and Faisalabad 174 The M4 was designed to reduce congestion boost trade and reduce travel times and transportation costs from Faisalabad a major textile hub to the major trade centre of Multan Buses Edit Bus transportation is provided by the Regional Transport Authority RTA Faisalabad Faisalabad s bus network started as a series of several numbered feeder routes but only three of these routes remain following the discontinuation of most others These operational routes are designated as B 10 B 11 and W 20 Due to demand not met by the public transportation services the private wagon and rickshaw operators make up a larger proportion of the transportation network than bus routes 175 176 Previously Faisalabad Urban Transport System Service FUTS provided service It was launched in 1994 and operated a number of large CNG buses and smaller Toyota HiAce vans connecting the majority of the city 177 There is another public private run bus operator Brothers Metro which is a consortium between the government of Punjab and a private firm who operates a fleet of air conditioned CNG buses 178 Rail Edit The Faisalabad railway station is the central railway station in the city The railway line forms part of the Khanewal Wazirabad railway line Rail services are operated by Pakistan Railways owned and operated by the Ministry of Railways 179 Cargo Express services are operated by Pakistan Railways which runs from Karachi to Faisalabad via Multan Twenty seven bogies compose the goods train and are handled respectively by private contractors at the station 180 The station has a special cargo facility operated by the Ministry of Railways Pakistan for handling various goods from the city to other regions of the country An express parcel service runs from Karachi to Lahore via Faisalabad 181 Air traffic Edit Faisalabad International Airport is approximately 15 kilometres 9 3 mi from the city centre and is a major airport for domestic and international travel The airport includes a cargo facility As of January 2016 passenger flights are run by the national flag carrier Pakistan International Airlines and a number of middle eastern carriers FlyDubai became the first international carrier to launch operations from the city followed by Qatar Airways Air Arabia and Gulf Air 182 183 In 2015 significant upgrades and renovations to the airport were initiated by the Pakistan Civil Aviation Authority including updates to aviation technology construction of additional areas and services for travellers and the expansion of air traffic capabilities to accommodate wide body aircraft such as the Boeing 777 184 See also EditList of people from Faisalabad Faisalabad District Faisalabad Electric Supply CompanyReferences Edit Administrators appointments planned as Punjab LG system dissolves today The Nation newspaper 31 December 2021 Retrieved 5 January 2022 a b Here are Ten Most Populated Cities of Pakistan 2017 PROVISIONAL SUMMARY RESULTS OF 6TH POPULATION AND HOUSING CENSUS 2017 pbs gov pk Retrieved 24 November 2017 Stephen P Cohen 2004 The Idea of Pakistan Brookings Institution Press p 202 ISBN 0815797613 a b c d e Punjab At A Glance Punjab Board of Investment amp Trade Government of The Punjab 2021 Archived from the original on 16 April 2017 Retrieved 15 April 2021 The Faisalabad Chamber of Commerce amp Industry Archived from the original on 22 May 2017 Retrieved 15 April 2017 Faisalabad Geography 12 April 2013 Retrieved 15 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4 March 2016 Retrieved 7 June 2016 Japan gifts WASA Faisalabad with Equipment to improve Sewerage and Drainage system www jica go jp Japan International Cooperation Agency Retrieved 7 June 2016 Pakistan Electronic Media Regulatory Authority PEMRA Government of Pakistan Retrieved 13 June 2016 Logan Stephen 2008 Asian Communication Handbook 2008 New York United States United Nations Secretariat Asian Media Information and Communication Centre pp 377 400 ISBN 978 981 4136 10 5 Retrieved 13 June 2016 Pakistan Media and Telecoms Landscape Guide PDF InterNews June 2012 Retrieved 13 June 2016 Chronology of PBC Radio Pakistan Pakistan Broadcasting Corporation Retrieved 7 June 2016 FM Station Radio Pakistan Pakistan Broadcasting Corporation Retrieved 7 June 2016 Pakistan Telecommunication Authority Retrieved 10 June 2016 Illegal Gateway Exchange Raided in Faisalabad 20 May 2005 Retrieved 10 June 2016 Telephone Exchanges in Punjab Archived from the original on 28 January 2016 Retrieved 10 June 2016 Siddiqui Zainab Hussain Telecom Sector Liberalization amp Deregulation in Pakistan Economic and Social Benefits PDF Retrieved 10 June 2016 Ramachandran Sudha 8 February 2008 The Curtain Lifts For Bollywood in Pakistan Asia Time Archived from the original on 14 May 2008 Retrieved 18 June 2016 a href Template Cite web html title Template Cite web cite web a CS1 maint unfit URL link Cinepax Faisalabad Archived from the original on 15 November 2015 Retrieved 18 June 2016 Nagina Cinemas Faisalabad Nagina Cinemas Retrieved 18 June 2016 Performing for Peace Theater Workshops Promote Peace and Tolerance 12 April 2016 Archived from the original on 9 August 2016 Retrieved 13 June 2016 Ahmad Imran 4 May 2011 Jinnah Garden Faisalabad Company Bagh Paki Mag Retrieved 8 September 2018 Gatwala Forest Park www fwf punjab gov pk Government of the Punjab Retrieved 7 June 2016 350 000 trees to be planted in Faisalabad The Express Tribune 30 January 2015 Retrieved 7 June 2016 Andrew McGlashan Iqbal Stadium ESPN Sports Media Ltd Retrieved 20 December 2015 Iqbal Stadium Faisalabad NDTVSports com NDTV Retrieved 7 June 2016 Ahmed Hassam 2 December 2012 Faisalabad Wolves Profile The News Tribe Retrieved 13 June 2016 Pakistan v Sri Lanka in 1987 88 25 October 1987 Retrieved 13 June 2016 Wills World Cup 1996 New Zealand v United Arab Emirates Cricket Archive Retrieved 13 June 2016 a b Saleem Mohammad 12 January 2016 Hockey Stadium in Faisalabad in Pathetic Condition Dawn Retrieved 13 June 2016 Directorate of Sports Government College University Faisalabad 20 February 1996 Archived from the original on 27 March 2016 Retrieved 20 December 2015 Faisalabad Public libraries Punjab Portal Government of Punjab Pakistan website Retrieved 28 October 2020 Lyllpur Museum Body Formed To Acquire Conserve Artifacts The Express Tribune newspaper 29 August 2012 Retrieved 28 October 2020 Malik Sonia 6 March 2013 Public Libraries and Archive Department formed The Express Tribune newspaper Retrieved 28 October 2020 BoG Approves Lyallpur Museum Regulations The Nation Karachi Pakistan 2 December 2013 Archived from the original on 11 September 2016 Retrieved 28 October 2020 Faisalabad Public libraries Punjab Portal Government of Punjab Pakistan website Retrieved 28 October 2020 Municipal Library Building To Be Reconstructed Pakistan Today 24 March 2011 Retrieved 18 June 2016 Libraries fwf punjab gov pk Government of Punjab Retrieved 7 June 2016 Wildlife Research Center Gatwala Faisalabad Government of Punjab Retrieved 7 June 2016 UK to provide 92m for motorways construction The News 2 October 2015 Retrieved 7 June 2016 Pakistan Civil Aviation Authority Archived from the original on 26 December 2018 Retrieved 11 June 2016 a b c National Highway Authority Archived from the original on 26 December 2018 Retrieved 11 June 2016 Google Map Reports From The Grand Trunk Road Along The Grand Trunk Road National Public Radio 21 May 2010 Retrieved 12 June 2016 M4 motorway PM to inaugurate Gojra Shorkot section today The Express Tribune 16 November 2015 Retrieved 12 June 2016 Major projects related to Communication Sector National Engineering Services Pakistan Archived from the original on 31 August 2016 Retrieved 7 June 2016 INTEGRATED PUBLIC TRANSPORT NETWORK FAISALABAD PDF Punjab Masstransit Authority 25 May 2017 Retrieved 22 May 2022 Master Plan Report of Faisalabad PDF Report Faisalabad Development Authority 28 August 2021 p 123 Public Transport in Pakistan A Critical Overview by Muhammad Imran PDF CNG Air Conditioned Urban Transport Service Introduced in Faisalabad www cm punjab gov pk Government of Punjab Retrieved 7 June 2016 Ministry of Railways Government of Pakistan Ministry of Railways Government of Pakistan Archived from the original on 22 June 2016 Retrieved 12 June 2016 Siddiqui Zaheer Mahmood 7 December 2014 Karachi Faisalabad route Railways to resume cargo express Dawn Retrieved 7 June 2016 Railways to earn Rs 12b from freight trains The Nation 8 February 2016 Retrieved 7 June 2016 Qatar Airways becomes Faisalabad s second international service anna aero PPS Publications 17 July 2015 Retrieved 7 June 2016 Gulf Air adds Faisalabad and Multan to Pakistan network www gulfair com Gulf Air Retrieved 7 June 2016 Rehman Mian Saifur 23 December 2015 Ascertaining truth in Shujaat Azeem controversy The News Retrieved 7 June 2016 External links Edit Faisalabad test of Wikipedia at Wikimedia Incubator Faisalabad at Wikipedia s sister projects Definitions from Wiktionary Media from Commons News from Wikinews Quotations from Wikiquote Texts from Wikisource Textbooks from Wikibooks Resources from Wikiversity Faisalabad City District Punjab Government website Faisalabad at Curlie Faisalabad travel guide from Wikivoyage Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Faisalabad amp oldid 1130858519, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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