FFmpeg

FFmpeg is a free and open-source software project consisting of a suite of libraries and programs for handling video, audio, and other multimedia files and streams. At its core is the command-line ffmpeg tool itself, designed for processing of video and audio files. It is widely used for format transcoding, basic editing (trimming and concatenation), video scaling, video post-production effects and standards compliance (SMPTE, ITU).

FFmpeg

FFmpeg being used to convert a file from the PNG file format to the WebP format
Original author(s)	Fabrice Bellard Bobby Bingham (libavfilter)^[1]
Developer(s)	FFmpeg team
Initial release	December 20, 2000; 22 years ago (2000-12-20)^[2]
Stable release	6.0^[3]^[4]  / 27 February 2023
Repository	git.ffmpeg.org/ffmpeg.git
Written in	C and Assembly^[5]
Operating system	Various, including Windows, macOS, and Linux (executable programs are only available from third parties, as the project only distributes source code)^[6]^[7]
Platform	x86, ARM, PowerPC, MIPS, RISC-V, DEC Alpha, Blackfin, AVR32, SH-4, and SPARC; may be compiled for other desktop computers
Type	Multimedia framework
License	LGPL-2.1-or-later, GPL-2.0-or-later Unredistributable if compiled with any software with a license incompatible with the GPL^[8]
Website	ffmpeg.org

FFmpeg also includes other tools: ffplay, a simple media player and ffprobe, a command-line tool to display media information. Among included libraries are libavcodec, an audio/video codec library used by many commercial and free software products, libavformat (Lavf),^[9] an audio/video container mux and demux library, and libavfilter, a library for enhancing and editing filters through a Gstreamer-like filtergraph.^[10]

FFmpeg is part of the workflow of many other software projects, and its libraries are a core part of software media players such as VLC, and has been included in core processing for YouTube and Bilibili.^[11] Encoders and decoders for many audio and video file formats are included, making it highly useful for the transcoding of common and uncommon media files.

FFmpeg is published under the LGPL-2.1-or-later or GPL-2.0-or-later, depending on which options are enabled.^[12]

History

The project was started by Fabrice Bellard^[12] (using the pseudonym "Gérard Lantau") in 2000, and was led by Michael Niedermayer from 2004 until 2015.^[13] Some FFmpeg developers were also part of the MPlayer project.

The name of the project is inspired by the MPEG video standards group, together with "FF" for "fast forward".^[14] The logo uses a zigzag pattern that shows how MPEG video codecs handle entropy encoding.^[15]

On March 13, 2011, a group of FFmpeg developers decided to fork the project under the name Libav.^[16][17][18] The event was related to an issue in project management, in which developers disagreed with the leadership of FFmpeg.^[19][20][21]

On January 10, 2014, two Google employees announced that over 1000 bugs had been fixed in FFmpeg during the previous two years by means of fuzz testing.^[22]

In January 2018, the ffserver command-line program – a long-time component of FFmpeg – was removed.^[23] The developers had previously deprecated the program citing high maintenance efforts due to its use of internal application programming interfaces.^[24]

The project publishes a new release every three months on average. While release versions are available from the website for download, FFmpeg developers recommend that users compile the software from source using the latest build from their source code Git version control system.^[25]

Codec history

Two video coding formats with corresponding codecs and one container format have been created within the FFmpeg project so far. The two video codecs are the lossless FFV1, and the lossless and lossy Snow codec. Development of Snow has stalled, while its bit-stream format has not been finalized yet, making it experimental since 2011. The multimedia container format called NUT is no longer being actively developed, but still maintained.^[26]

In summer 2010, FFmpeg developers Fiona Glaser, Ronald Bultje, and David Conrad, announced the ffvp8 decoder. Through testing, they determined that ffvp8 was faster than Google's own libvpx decoder.^[27][28] Starting with version 0.6, FFmpeg also supported WebM and VP8.^[29]

In October 2013, a native VP9^[30] decoder and OpenHEVC, an open source High Efficiency Video Coding (HEVC) decoder, were added to FFmpeg.^[31] In 2016 the native AAC encoder was considered stable, removing support for the two external AAC encoders from VisualOn and FAAC. FFmpeg 3.0 (nicknamed "Einstein") retained build support for the Fraunhofer FDK AAC encoder.^[32] Since version 3.4 "Cantor" FFmpeg supported the FITS image format.^[33] Since November 2018 in version 4.1 "al-Khwarizmi" AV1 can be muxed in MP4 and Matroska incl. WebM.^[34][35]

Components

Command line tools

• ffmpeg is a command-line tool that converts audio or video formats. It can also capture and encode in real-time from various hardware and software sources^[36] such as a TV capture card.
• ffplay is a simple media player utilizing SDL and the FFmpeg libraries.
• ffprobe is a command-line tool to display media information (text, CSV, XML, JSON), see also Mediainfo.

Libraries

• libswresample is a library containing audio resampling routines.
• libavresample is a library containing audio resampling routines from the Libav project, similar to libswresample from ffmpeg.
• libavcodec is a library containing all of the native FFmpeg audio/video encoders and decoders. Most codecs were developed from scratch to ensure best performance and high code reusability.
• libavformat (Lavf)^[9] is a library containing demuxers and muxers for audio/video container formats.
• libavutil is a helper library containing routines common to different parts of FFmpeg. This library includes hash functions, ciphers, LZO decompressor and Base64 encoder/decoder.
• libpostproc is a library containing older H.263 based video postprocessing routines.
• libswscale is a library containing video image scaling and colorspace/pixelformat conversion routines.
• libavfilter is the substitute for vhook which allows the video/audio to be modified or examined between the decoder and the encoder. Filters have been ported from many projects including MPlayer and avisynth.
• libavdevice is a library containing audio/video io through internal and external devices.

Supported hardware

CPUs

FFmpeg encompasses software implementations of video and audio compressing and decompressing algorithms. These can be compiled and run on diverse instruction sets.

Many widespread instruction sets are supported by FFmpeg, including x86 (IA-32 and x86-64), PPC (PowerPC), ARM, DEC Alpha, SPARC, and MIPS.^[37]

Special purpose hardware

There are a variety of application-specific integrated circuits (ASICs) for audio/video compression and decompression. These ASICs can partially or completely offload the computation from the host CPU. Instead of a complete implementation of an algorithm, only the API is required to use such an ASIC.^[38]

Firm	ASIC	purpose	supported by FFmpeg	Details
AMD	UVD	decoding		via VDPAU API and VAAPI
	VCE	encoding		via VAAPI, considered experimental^[39]
Amlogic	Amlogic Video Engine	decoding	?
BlackMagic	DeckLink	encoding/decoding		real-time ingest and playout
Broadcom	Crystal HD	decoding
Qualcomm	Hexagon	encoding/decoding		hwaccel^[40]
Intel	Intel Clear Video	decoding		(libmfx, VAAPI)
	Intel Quick Sync Video	encoding/decoding		(libmfx, VAAPI)
Nvidia	PureVideo / NVDEC	decoding		via the VDPAU API as of FFmpeg v1.2 (deprecated) via CUVID API as of FFmpeg v3.1^[41]
	NVENC	encoding		as of FFmpeg v2.6

The following APIs are also supported: DirectX Video Acceleration (DXVA2, Windows), Direct3D 11 (D3D11VA, Windows), Media Foundation (Windows), VideoToolbox (macOS), RockChip MPP, OpenCL, OpenMAX, MMAL (Raspberry Pi), MediaCodec (Android OS), V4L2 (Linux). Depending on the environment, these APIs may lead to specific ASICs, to GPGPU routines, or to SIMD CPU code.^[42]

Supported codecs and formats

Image formats

FFmpeg supports many common and some uncommon image formats.

The PGMYUV image format is a homebrewn variant of the binary (P5) PGM Netpbm format. FFmpeg also supports 16-bit depths of the PGM and PPM formats, and the binary (P7) PAM format with or without alpha channel, depth 8 bit or 16 bit for pix_fmts monob, gray, gray16be, rgb24, rgb48be, ya8, rgba, rgb64be.

Supported formats

Further information: libavcodec

In addition to FFV1 and Snow formats, which were created and developed from within FFmpeg, the project also supports the following formats:

Group	Format type	Format name
ISO/IEC/ITU-T	Video	MPEG-1 Part 2, H.261 (Px64),^[43] H.262/MPEG-2 Part 2, H.263,^[43] MPEG-4 Part 2, H.264/MPEG-4 AVC, HEVC/H.265^[31] (MPEG-H Part 2), MPEG-4 VCB (a.k.a. VP8), Motion JPEG, IEC DV video and CD+G
	Audio	MP1, MP2, MP3, AAC, HE-AAC, MPEG-4 ALS, G.711 μ-law, G.711 A-law, G.721 (a.k.a. G.726 32k), G.722, G.722.2 (a.k.a. AMR-WB), G.723 (a.k.a. G.726 24k and 40k), G.723.1, G.726, G.729, G.729D, IEC DV audio and Direct Stream Transfer
	Subtitle	MPEG-4 Timed Text (a.k.a. 3GPP Timed Text)
	Image	JPEG, Lossless JPEG, JPEG-LS, JPEG 2000, JPEG XL,^[44] PNG, CCITT G3 and CCITT G4
Alliance for Open Media	Video	AV1^[45]
	Image	AVIF^[46]
EIA	Subtitle	EIA-608
CEA	Subtitle	CEA-708
SMPTE	Video	SMPTE 314M (a.k.a. DVCAM and DVCPRO), SMPTE 370M (a.k.a. DVCPRO HD), VC-1 (a.k.a. WMV3), VC-2 (a.k.a. Dirac Pro), VC-3 (a.k.a. AVID DNxHD)
	Audio	SMPTE 302M
	Image	DPX
ATSC/ETSI/DVB	Audio	Full Rate (GSM 06.10), AC-3 (Dolby Digital), Enhanced AC-3 (Dolby Digital Plus) and DTS Coherent Acoustics (a.k.a. DTS or DCA)
	Subtitle	DVB Subtitling (ETSI 300 743)
DVD Forum/Dolby	Audio	MLP / Dolby TrueHD
	Subtitle	DVD-Video subtitles
Xperi/DTS, Inc/QDesign	Audio	DTS Coherent Acoustics (a.k.a. DTS or DCA), DTS Extended Surround (a.k.a. DTS-ES), DTS 96/24, DTS-HD High Resolution Audio, DTS Express (a.k.a. DTS-HD LBR), DTS-HD Master Audio, QDesign Music Codec 1 and 2
Blu-ray Disc Association	Subtitle	PGS (Presentation Graphics Stream)
3GPP	Audio	AMR-NB, AMR-WB (a.k.a. G.722.2)
3GPP2	Audio	QCELP-8 (a.k.a. SmartRate or IS-96C), QCELP-13 (a.k.a. PureVoice or IS-733) and Enhanced Variable Rate Codec (EVRC. a.k.a. IS-127)
World Wide Web Consortium	Video	Animated GIF^[47]
	Subtitle	WebVTT
	Image	GIF, and SVG (via librsvg)
IETF	Video	FFV1
	Audio	iLBC (via libilbc), Opus and Comfort noise
International Voice Association	Audio	DSS-SP
SAC	Video	AVS video, AVS2 video^[48] (via libdavs2), and AVS3 video (via libuavs3d)
Microsoft	Video	Microsoft RLE, Microsoft Video 1, Cinepak, Microsoft MPEG-4 v1, v2 and v3, Windows Media Video (WMV1, WMV2, WMV3/VC-1), WMV Screen and Mimic codec
	Audio	Windows Media Audio (WMA1, WMA2, WMA Pro and WMA Lossless), XMA (XMA1 and XMA2),^[49] MSN Siren, MS-GSM and MS-ADPCM
	Subtitle	SAMI
	Image	Windows Bitmap, WMV Image (WMV9 Image and WMV9 Image v2), DirectDraw Surface, and MSP^[50]
Interactive Multimedia Association	Audio	IMA ADPCM
Intel / Digital Video Interactive	Video	RTV 2.1 (Indeo 2), Indeo 3, 4 and 5,^[43] and Intel H.263
	Audio	DVI4 (a.k.a. IMA DVI ADPCM), Intel Music Coder, and Indeo Audio Coder
RealNetworks	Video	RealVideo Fractal Codec (a.k.a. Iterated Systems ClearVideo), 1, 2, 3 and 4
	Audio	RealAudio v1 – v10, and RealAudio Lossless^[51]
	Subtitle	RealText
Apple / Spruce Technologies	Video	Cinepak (Apple Compact Video), ProRes, Sorenson 3 Codec, QuickTime Animation (Apple Animation), QuickTime Graphics (Apple Graphics), Apple Video, Apple Intermediate Codec and Pixlet^[52]
	Audio	ALAC
	Image	QuickDraw PICT
	Subtitle	Spruce subtitle (STL)
Adobe Flash Player (SWF)	Video	Screen video, Screen video 2, Sorenson Spark and VP6
	Audio	Adobe SWF ADPCM and Nellymoser Asao
Adobe / Aldus	Image	TIFF, PSD,^[52] and DNG
Xiph.Org	Video	Theora
	Audio	Speex,^[53] Vorbis, Opus and FLAC
	Subtitle	Ogg Writ
Sony	Audio	Adaptive Transform Acoustic Coding (ATRAC1, ATRAC3, ATRAC3Plus,^[54] and ATRAC9^[48])^[43] and PSX ADPCM
NTT	Audio	TwinVQ
Google / On2 / GIPS	Video	Duck TrueMotion 1, Duck TrueMotion 2, Duck TrueMotion 2.0 Real Time, VP3, VP4,^[55] VP5,^[43] VP6,^[43] VP7, VP8,^[56] VP9^[30] and animated WebP
	Audio	DK ADPCM Audio 3/4, On2 AVC and iLBC (via libilbc)
	Image	WebP^[57]
Epic Games / RAD Game Tools	Video	Smacker video and Bink video
	Audio	Bink audio
CRI Middleware	Audio	ADX ADPCM, and HCA
Nintendo / NERD	Video	Mobiclip video
	Audio	GCADPCM (a.k.a. ADPCM THP), FastAudio, and ADPCM IMA MOFLEX
Synaptics / DSP Group	Audio	Truespeech
Electronic Arts / Criterion Games / Black Box Games / Westwood Studios	Video	RenderWare TXD,^[58] Madcow, CMV, TGV, TGQ, TQI, Midivid VQ (MVDV), MidiVid 3.0 (MV30), Midivid Archival (MVHA), and Vector Quantized Animation (VQA)
	Audio	Electronic Arts ADPCM variants
Netpbm	Image	PBM, PGM, PPM, PNM, PAM, PFM and PHM
MIT/X Consortium/The Open Group	Image	XBM,^[51] XPM and xwd
HPE / SGI / Silicon Graphics	Video	Silicon Graphics RLE 8-bit video,^[47] Silicon Graphics MVC1/2^[47]
	Image	Silicon Graphics Image
Oracle/Sun Microsystems	Image	Sun Raster
IBM	Video	IBM UltiMotion
Avid Technology / Truevision	Video	Avid 1:1x, Avid Meridien,^[51] Avid DNxHD, Avid DNx444,^[54] and DNxHR
	Image	Targa^[47]
Autodesk / Alias	Video	Autodesk Animator Studio Codec and FLIC
	Image	Alias PIX
Activision Blizzard / Activision / Infocom	Audio	ADPCM Zork
Konami / Hudson Soft	Video	HVQM4 Video
	Audio	Konami MTAF, and ADPCM IMA HVQM4
Grass Valley / Canopus	Video	HQ, HQA, HQX and Lossless
Vizrt / NewTek	Video	SpeedHQ
	Image	Vizrt Binary Image^[46]
Academy Software Foundation / ILM	Image	OpenEXR^[51]
Mozilla Corporation	Video	APNG^[57]
Matrox	Video	Matrox Uncompressed SD (M101) / HD (M102)
AMD/ATI	Video	ATI VCR1/VCR2
Asus	Video	ASUS V1/V2 codec
Commodore	Video	CDXL codec
Kodak	Image	Photo CD
Blackmagic Design / Cintel	Image	Cintel RAW
Houghton Mifflin Harcourt / The Learning Company / ZSoft Corporation	Image	PCX
Australian National University	Image	X-Face^[47]
Bluetooth Special Interest Group	Audio	SBC, and mSBC
Qualcomm / CSR	Audio	QCELP, aptX, and aptX HD
Open Mobile Alliance / WAP Forum	Image	Wireless Bitmap

Muxers

Output formats (container formats and other ways of creating output streams) in FFmpeg are called "muxers". FFmpeg supports, among others, the following:

• AIFF
• ASF
• AVI and also input from AviSynth
• BFI^[59]
• CAF
• FLV
• GIF
• GXF, General eXchange Format, SMPTE 360M
• HLS, HTTP Live Streaming
• IFF^[60]
• ISO base media file format (including QuickTime, 3GP and MP4)
• Matroska (including WebM)
• Maxis XA^[61]
• MPEG-DASH^[62]
• MPEG program stream
• MPEG transport stream (including AVCHD)
• MXF, Material eXchange Format, SMPTE 377M
• MSN Webcam stream^[63]
• NUT^[26]
• Ogg
• OMA^[64]
• RL2^[65]
• Segment, for creating segmented video streams
• Smooth Streaming
• TXD^[58]
• WTV

Pixel formats

Type	Color	Packed		Planar			Palette
		Without alpha	With alpha	Without alpha	With alpha	Chroma-interleaved	With alpha
Monochrome	Binary (1-bit monochrome)	monoblack, monowhite	—	—	—	—	—
	Grayscale	8/9/10/12/14/16bpp	—	—	16/32bpp	—	—
RGB	RGB 1:2:1 (4-bit color)	4bpp	—	—	—	—	—
	RGB 3:3:2 (8-bit color)	8bpp	—	—	—	—	—
	RGB 5:5:5 (High color)	16bpp	—	—	—	—	—
	RGB 5:6:5 (High color)	16bpp	—	—	—	—	—
	RGB/BGR	24/30^[p 1]/48bpp	32^[p 2]/64bpp	—	—	—	8bit->32bpp
	GBR^[p 3]	—	—	8/9/10/12/14/16bpc	8/10/12/16bpc	—	—
RGB Float	RGB	32bpc	16/32bpc	—	—	—	—
	GBR	—	—	32bpc	32bpc	—	—
YUV	YVU 4:1:0	—	—	(9bpp (YVU9))^[p 4]	—	—	—
	YUV 4:1:0	—	—	9bpp	—	—	—
	YUV 4:1:1	8bpc (UYYVYY)	—	8bpc	—	(8bpc (NV11))	—
	YVU 4:2:0	—	—	(8bpc (YV12))^[p 4]	—	8 (NV21)	—
	YUV 4:2:0	—	—	8^[p 5]/9/10/12/14/16bpc	8/9/10/16bpc	8 (NV12)/10 (P010)/12 (P012)/16bpc (P016)	—
	YVU 4:2:2	—	—	(8bpc (YV16))^[p 4]	—	(8bpc (NV61))	—
	YUV 4:2:2	8 (YUYV^[p 6] and UYVY)/10 (Y210)/12bpc (Y212)^[p 7]	—	8^[p 8]/9/10/12/14/16bpc	8/9/10/12/16bpc	8 (NV16)/10 (NV20 and P210)/16bpc (P216)	—
	YUV 4:4:0	—	—	8/10/12bpc	—	—	—
	YVU 4:4:4	—	—	(8bpc (YV24))^[p 4]	—	8bpc (NV42)	—
	YUV 4:4:4	8 (VUYX)/10^[p 9]/12bpc^[p 10]	8^[p 11] / 16bpc (AYUV64)^[p 12]	8^[p 13]/9/10/12/14/16bpc	8/9/10/12/16bpc	8 (NV24)/10 (P410)/ 16bpc (P416)	—
XYZ	XYZ 4:4:4^[p 14]	12bpc	—	—	—	—	—
Bayer	BGGR/RGGB/GBRG/GRBG	8/16bpp	—	—	—	—	—

1. 10-bit color components with 2-bit padding (X2RGB10)
2. RGBx (rgb0) and xBGR (0bgr) are also supported
3. used in YUV-centric codecs such like H.264
4. YVU9, YV12, YV16, and YV24 are supported as rawvideo codec in FFmpeg.
5. I420 a.k.a. YUV420P
6. aka YUY2 in Windows
7. UYVY 10bpc without a padding is supported as bitpacked codec in FFmpeg. UYVY 10bpc with 2-bits padding is supported as v210 codec in FFmpeg. 16bpc (Y216) is supported as targa_y216 codec in FFmpeg.
8. I422 a.k.a. YUV422P
9. XV30 a.k.a. XVYU2101010
10. XV36
11. VUYA a.k.a. AYUV
12. 10bpc (Y410), 12bpc (Y412), and Y416 (16bpc) are not supported.
13. I444 a.k.a. YUV444P
14. used in JPEG2000

FFmpeg does not support IMC1-IMC4, AI44, CYMK, RGBE, Log RGB and other formats. It also does not yet support ARGB 1:5:5:5, 2:10:10:10, or other BMP bitfield formats that are not commonly used.

Supported protocols

Open standards

• IETF RFCs:
  • FTP
  • Gopher
  • HLS
  • HTTP
  • HTTPS
  • RTP
  • RTSP
  • SCTP
  • SDP
  • SRTP
  • TCP
  • TLS
  • UDP
  • UDP-Lite
• IETF I-Ds:^[66]
  • SFTP (via libssh)
• Microsoft OSP:
  • CIFS/SMB (via libsmbclient)
  • MMS over TCP (MS-MMSP)
  • MMS over HTTP (MS-WMSP)
• CENELEC
  • SAT>IP
• OASIS standards:
  • AMQP 0-9-1 (via librabbitmq)
• SRT Alliance standard:
  • SRT (via libsrt)

De facto standards

• RTSP over TLS^[67][68]
• Icecast protocol
• Adobe RTMP, RTMPT, RTMPE, RTMPTE and RTMPS
• RealMedia RTSP/RDT
• ZeroMQ (via libzmq)
• RIST (librist)

Supported filters

FFmpeg supports, among others, the following filters.^[69]

Audio

• Resampling (aresample)
• Pass/Stop filters
  • Low-pass filter (lowpass)
  • High-pass filter (highpass)
  • All-pass filter (allpass)
  • Butterworth Band-pass filter (bandpass)
  • Butterworth Band-stop filter (bandreject)
• Arbitrary Finite Impulse Response Filter (afir)
• Arbitrary Infinite Impulse Response Filter (aiir)
• Equalizer
  • Peak Equalizer (equalizer)
  • Butterworth/Chebyshev Type I/Type II Multiband Equalizer (anequalizer)
  • Low Shelving filter (bass)
  • High Shelving filter (treble)
  • Xbox 360 rqulizer
  • FIR equalizer (firequalizer)
  • Biquad filter (biquad)
• Remove/Add DC offset (dcshift)
• Expression evaluation
  • Time domain expression evaluation (aeval)
  • Frequency domain expression evaluation (afftfilt)
• Dynamics
  • Limiter (alimiter)
  • Compressor (acompressor)
  • Dynamic range expander (crystalizer)
  • Side-chain Compressor (sidechaincompress)
  • Compander (compand)
  • Noise gate (agate)
  • Side-chain Noise gate(sidechaingate)
• Distortion
  • Bitcrusher (acrusher)
• Emphasis (aemphasis)
• Amplify/Normalizer
  • Volume (volume)
  • Dynamic Audio Normalizer (dynaudnorm)
  • EBU R 128 loudness normalizer (loudnorm)
• Modulation
  • Sinusoidal Amplitude Modulation (tremolo)
  • Sinusoidal Phase Modulation (vibrato)
  • Phaser (aphaser)
  • Chorus (chorus)
  • Flanger (flanger)
  • Pulsator (apulsator)
• Echo/Reverb
  • Echo (aecho)
• Routing/Panning
  • Stereo widening (stereowiden)
  • Increase channel differences (extrastereo)
  • M/S to L/R (stereotools)
  • Channel mapping (channelmap)
  • Channel splitting (channelsplit)
  • Channel panning (pan)
  • Channel merging (amerge)
  • Channel joining (join)
  • for Headphones
    • Stereo to Binaural (earwax, ported from SoX)^[70]
    • Bauer Stereo to Binaural (bs2b, via libbs2b)
    • Crossfeed (crossfeed)
    • Multi-channel to Binaural (sofalizer, requires libnetcdf)
  • Delay
    • Delay (adelay)
    • Delay by distance (compensationdelay)
• Fade
  • Fader (afade)
  • Crossfader (acrossfade)
• Audio time stretching and pitch scaling
  • Time stretching (atempo)
  • Time-stretching and Pitch-shifting (rubberband, via librubberband)
• Editing
  • Trim (atrim)
  • Silence-padding (apad)
  • Silence remover (silenceremove)
• Show frame/channel information
  • Show frame information (ashowinfo)
  • Show channel information (astats)
  • Show silence ranges (silencedetect)
  • Show audio volumes (volumedetect)
  • ReplayGain scanner (replaygain)
• Modify frame/channel information
  • Set output format (aformat)
  • Set number of sample (asetnsamples)
  • Set sampling rate (asetrate)
• Mixer (amix)
• Synchronization (asyncts)
• HDCD data decoder (hdcd)
• Plugins
  • LADSPA (ladspa)
  • LV2 (lv2)
• Do nothing (anull)

Video

• Transformations
  • Cropping (crop, cropdetect)
  • Fading (fade)
  • Scaling (scale)
  • Padding (pad)
  • Rotation (rotate)
  • Transposition (transpose)
  • Others:
    • Lens correction (lenscorrection)
    • OpenCV filtering (ocv)
    • Perspective correction (perspective)
• Temporal editing
  • Framerate (fps, framerate)
  • Looping (loop)
  • Trimming (trim)
• Deinterlacing (bwdif, idet, kerndeint, nnedi, yadif, w3fdif)
• Inverse Telecine
• Filtering
  • Blurring (boxblur, gblur, avgblur, sab, smartblur)
  • Convolution filters
    • Convolution (convolution)
    • Edge detection (edgedetect)
    • Sobel Filter (sobel)
    • Prewitt Filter (prewitt)
    • Unsharp masking (unsharp)
• Denoising (atadenoise, bitplanenoise, dctdnoiz, owdenoise, removegrain)
• Logo removal (delogo, removelogo)
• Subtitles (ASS, subtitles)
• Alpha channel editing (alphaextract, alphamerge)
• Keying (chromakey, colorkey, lumakey)
• Frame detection
  • Black frame detection (blackdetect, blackframe)
  • Thumbnail selection (thumbnail)
• Frame Blending (blend, tblend, overlay)
• Video stabilization (vidstabdetect, vidstabtransform)
• Color and Level adjustments
  • Balance and levels (colorbalance, colorlevels)
  • Channel mixing (colorchannelmixer)
  • Color space (colorspace)
  • Parametric adjustments (curves, eq)
• Histograms and visualization
  • CIE Scope (ciescope)
  • Vectorscope (vectorscope)
  • Waveform monitor (waveform)
  • Color histogram (histogram)
• Drawing
• OCR
• Quality measures
  • SSIM (ssim)
  • PSNR (psnr)
• Lookup Tables
  • lut, lutrgb, lutyuv, lut2, lut3d, haldclut

Supported test patterns

• SMPTE color bars (smptebars and smptehdbars)
• EBU color bars (pal75bars and pal100bars)

Supported LUT formats

• cineSpace LUT format
• Iridas Cube
• Adobe After Effects 3dl
• DaVinci Resolve dat
• Pandora m3d

Supported media and interfaces

FFmpeg supports the following devices via external libraries.^[71]

Media

• Compact disc (via libcdio; input only)

Physical interfaces

• IEEE 1394 (a.k.a. FireWire; via libdc1394 and libraw1394; input only)
• IEC 61883 (via libiec61883; input only)
• DeckLink
• Brooktree video capture chip (via bktr driver; input only)

Audio IO

• Advanced Linux Sound Architecture (ALSA)
• Open Sound System (OSS)
• PulseAudio
• JACK Audio Connection Kit (JACK; input only)
• OpenAL (input only)
• sndio
• Core Audio (for macOS)
  • AVFoundation (input only)
  • AudioToolbox (output only)

Video IO

• Video4Linux2
• Video for Windows (input only)
• Windows DirectShow
• Android Camera (input only)

Screen capture and output

• Simple DirectMedia Layer 2 (output only)
• OpenGL (output only)
• Linux framebuffer (fbdev)
• Graphics Device Interface (GDI; input only)
• X Window System (X11; via XCB; input only)
• X video extension (XV; via Xlib; output only)
• Kernel Mode Setting (via libdrm; input only)

Others

• ASCII art (via libcaca; output only)

Applications

Legal aspects

FFmpeg contains more than 100 codecs,^[72] most of which use compression techniques of one kind or another. Many such compression techniques may be subject to legal claims relating to software patents.^[73] Such claims may be enforceable in countries like the United States which have implemented software patents, but are considered unenforceable or void in member countries of the European Union, for example.^{[74][original research]} Patents for many older codecs, including AC3 and all MPEG-1 and MPEG-2 codecs, have expired.^{[citation needed]}

FFmpeg is licensed under the LGPL license, but if a particular build of FFmpeg is linked against any GPL libraries (notably x264), then the entire binary is licensed under the GPL.

Projects using FFmpeg

Main category: Software that uses FFmpeg

FFmpeg is used by software such as Blender, Cinelerra-GG Infinity, HandBrake, Kodi, MPC-HC, Plex, Shotcut, VirtualDub2 (a VirtualDub fork),^[75] VLC media player, xine and YouTube.^[76][77] It handles video and audio playback in Google Chrome^[77] and the Linux version of Firefox.^[78] GUI front-ends for FFmpeg have been developed, including Multimedia Xpert^[79] and XMedia Recode.

FFmpeg is used by ffdshow, FFmpegInterop, the GStreamer FFmpeg plug-in, LAV Filters and OpenMAX IL to expand the encoding and decoding capabilities of their respective multimedia platforms.

As part of NASA's Mars 2020 mission, FFmpeg is used by the Perseverance rover on Mars for image and video compression before footage is sent to Earth.^[80]

See also

•  Free and open-source software portal

• MEncoder, a similar project
• List of open-source codecs
• List of video editing software

References

1. "Bobby announces work on libavfilter as GsOC project". 2008-02-09. from the original on 2021-10-07. Retrieved 2021-10-07.
2. . git.videolan.org. 2000-12-20. Archived from the original on 2013-12-25. Retrieved 2013-05-11.
3. https://git.ffmpeg.org/gitweb/ffmpeg.git/commit/ec9bcf332909b38ea95921172be76c3faad1b32b.
4. https://ffmpeg.org/download.html.
5. "Developer Documentation". ffmpeg.org. 2011-12-08. from the original on 2012-02-04. Retrieved 2012-01-04.
6. "Platform Specific Information". FFmpeg.org. from the original on 25 February 2020. Retrieved 25 February 2020.
7. "Download". ffmpeg.org. FFmpeg. from the original on 2011-10-06. Retrieved 2012-01-04.
8. FFmpeg can be compiled with various external libraries, some of which have licenses that are incompatible with the FFmpeg's primary license, the GNU GPL.
9. "FFmpeg: Lavf: I/O and Muxing/Demuxing Library". ffmpeg.org. from the original on 3 December 2016. Retrieved 21 October 2016.
10. "Libavfilter Documentation". ffmpeg.org. from the original on 2021-10-07. Retrieved 2021-10-07.
11. ijkplayer, bilibili, 2021-10-05, from the original on 2021-10-05, retrieved 2021-10-05
12. "FFmpeg License and Legal Considerations". ffmpeg.org. from the original on 2012-01-03. Retrieved 2012-01-04.
13. Niedermayer, Michael (31 July 2015). "[FFmpeg-devel] FFmpegs future and resigning as leader". from the original on 2015-08-15. Retrieved 2015-09-22.
14. Bellard, Fabrice (18 February 2006). "FFmpeg naming and logo". FFmpeg developer mailing list. FFmpeg website. from the original on 26 April 2012. Retrieved 24 December 2011.
15. Carlsen, Steve (1992-06-03). "TIFF 6.0 specification" (PS). Aldus Corporation. p. 98. Retrieved 2016-08-14. Zig-Zag Scan^{[dead link]} Alt URL 2012-07-03 at the Wayback Machine
16. Libav project site, from the original on 2012-01-03, retrieved 2012-01-04
17. Ronald S. Bultje (2011-03-14), , archived from the original on 2016-11-07, retrieved 2012-01-04
18. A group of FFmpeg developers just forked as Libav, Phoronix, 2011-03-14, from the original on 2011-09-15, retrieved 2012-01-04
19. What happened to FFmpeg, 2011-03-30, from the original on 2018-09-02, retrieved 2012-05-19
20. FFMpeg turmoil, 2011-01-19, from the original on 2012-01-12, retrieved 2012-01-04
21. "The FFmpeg/Libav situation". blog.pkh.me. from the original on 2012-07-01. Retrieved 2015-09-22.
22. "FFmpeg and a thousand fixes". googleblog.com. January 10, 2014. from the original on 22 October 2016. Retrieved 21 October 2016.
23. "ffserver – FFmpeg". trac.ffmpeg.org. from the original on 2018-02-04. Retrieved 2018-02-03.
24. "ffserver program being dropped". ffmpeg.org. 2016-07-10. from the original on 2016-07-16. Retrieved 2018-02-03.
25. "ffmpeg.org/download.html#releases". ffmpeg.org. from the original on 2011-10-06. Retrieved 2015-04-27.
26. "NUT". Multimedia Wiki. 2012. from the original on 2014-01-03. Retrieved 2014-01-03.
27. Glaser, Fiona (2010-07-23), , archived from the original on 2010-09-30, retrieved 2012-01-04
28. FFmpeg Announces High-Performance VP8 Decoder, Slashdot, 2010-07-24, from the original on 2011-12-21, retrieved 2012-01-04
29. . newteevee.com. 2010-06-17. Archived from the original on 2010-06-20. Retrieved 2012-01-04. ...with VLC, Boxee, MythTV, Handbrake and MPlayer being some of the more popular projects utilizing FFmpeg...
30. "Native VP9 decoder is now in the Git master branch". Launchpad. 2013-10-03. from the original on 2013-10-22. Retrieved 2013-10-21.
31. "FFmpeg Now Features Native HEVC/H.265 Decoder Support". Softpedia. 2013-10-16. from the original on 2014-06-15. Retrieved 2013-10-16.
32. FFmpeg (2016-02-15). "February 15th, 2016, FFmpeg 3.0 "Einstein"". from the original on 2016-07-16. Retrieved 2016-04-02.
33. FFmpeg (2017-10-15). "October 15th, 2017, FFmpeg 3.4 "Cantor"". from the original on 2016-07-16. Retrieved 2019-05-10.
34. FFmpeg (2018-11-06). "November 6th, 2018, FFmpeg 4.1 "al-Khwarizmi"". from the original on 2016-07-16. Retrieved 2019-05-10.
35. Jan Ozer (2019-03-04). "Good News: AV1 Encoding Times Drop to Near-Reasonable Levels". StreamingMedia.com. from the original on 2021-05-14. Retrieved 2019-05-10.
36. "This video of Linux desktop (X11) was captured by ffmpeg and encoded in realtime". Archived from the original on 2021-03-08. Retrieved 2020-05-19.
37. "FFmpeg Automated Testing Environment". Fate.multimedia.cx. from the original on 2016-04-10. Retrieved 2012-01-04.
38. "FFmpeg Hardware Acceleration". ffmpeg.org Wiki. from the original on 2016-12-04. Retrieved 2016-11-12.
39. "Hardware/VAAPI – FFmpeg". trac.ffmpeg.org. from the original on 2017-10-16. Retrieved 2017-10-16.
40. "HEVC Video Encoder User Manual" (PDF). Qualcomm Developer Network. (PDF) from the original on 2021-04-16. Retrieved 2021-02-23.
41. "FFmpeg Changelog". GitHub. from the original on 2017-03-21. Retrieved 2016-11-12.
42. "HWAccelIntro – FFmpeg". trac.ffmpeg.org.
43. "Changelog". FFmpeg trunk SVN. FFmpeg. 17 April 2007. Retrieved 26 April 2007.^{[permanent dead link]}
44. "FFmpeg Lands JPEG-XL Support". www.phoronix.com. Retrieved 2022-04-26.
45. "git.ffmpeg.org Git - ffmpeg.git/commit". git.ffmpeg.org. from the original on 2018-04-23. Retrieved 2018-04-23.
46. FFmpeg 5.1 Released With Many Improvements To This Important Multimedia Project. Phoronix. July 22, 2022
47. FFmpeg 1.1 Brings New Support, Encoders/Decoders. Phoronix. January 7, 2013
48. FFmpeg 4.1 Brings AV1 Parser & Support For AV1 In MP4. Phoronix. November 6, 2018
49. FFmpeg 3.0 Released, Supports VP9 VA-API Acceleration. Phoronix. February 15, 2016
50. FFmpeg 4.4 Released With AV1 VA-API Decoder, SVT-AV1 Encoding. Phoronix. April 9, 2021
51. FFmpeg 0.11 Has Blu-Ray Protocol, New Encoders. Phoronix. May 26, 2012
52. FFmpeg 3.3 Brings Native Opus Encoder, Support For Spherical Videos. Phoronix. April 17, 2017
53. FFmpeg 5.0 Released For This Popular, Open-Source Multimedia Library. Phoronix. January 14, 2022
54. FFmpeg 2.2 Release Adds The Libx265 Encoder. Phoronix. March 23, 2014
55. FFmpeg 4.2 Released With AV1 Decoding Support, GIF Parser. Phoronix. August 6, 2019
56. FFmpeg 0.6 Released With H.264, VP8 Love. Phoronix. June 16, 2010
57. FFmpeg 2.5 Brings Animated PNG, WebP Decoding Support. Phoronix. December 4, 2014
58. "FFmpeg development mailing list". FFmpeg development. FFmpeg. 7 May 2007. Archived from the original on 11 August 2007. Retrieved 24 December 2010.
59. vitor (13 April 2008). "FFmpeg development mailing list". FFmpeg development. FFmpeg website. Retrieved 14 April 2008.^{[permanent dead link]}
60. vitor (30 March 2008). "FFmpeg development mailing list". FFmpeg development. FFmpeg website. Retrieved 30 March 2008.^{[permanent dead link]}
61. benoit (14 April 2008). "FFmpeg development mailing list". FFmpeg development. FFmpeg website. Retrieved 14 April 2008.^{[permanent dead link]}
62. Michael Niedermayer, Timothy Gu (2014-12-05). . VideoLAN. Archived from the original on 2014-12-08. Retrieved 2014-12-05.
63. ramiro (18 March 2008). . FFmpeg development. FFmpeg website. Archived from the original on 17 August 2008. Retrieved 18 March 2008.
64. banan (8 June 2008). . FFmpeg development. FFmpeg website. Archived from the original on 14 January 2009. Retrieved 8 June 2008.
65. faust3 (21 March 2008). . FFmpeg development. FFmpeg website. Archived from the original on 25 April 2008. Retrieved 21 March 2008.
66. van Kesteren, Anne (2010-09-01). "Internet Drafts are not Open Standards". annevankesteren.nl. Self-published. from the original on 2010-09-02. Retrieved 2015-03-22.
67. Real Time Streaming Protocol 2.0 (RTSP) draft-ietf-mmusic-rfc2326bis-40 2017-07-09 at the Wayback Machine P.231
68. "rtsp: Support tls-encapsulated RTSP - git.videolan.org Git - ffmpeg.git/commit". videolan.org. from the original on 18 October 2016. Retrieved 21 October 2016.
69. "FFmpeg Filters". ffmpeg.org. from the original on 2017-03-28. Retrieved 2017-03-27.
70. earwax.ca
71. "FFmpeg Devices Documentation". ffmpeg.org. from the original on 2021-10-25. Retrieved 2021-10-25.
72. "Codecs list". ffmpeg.org. from the original on 2012-01-06. Retrieved 2012-01-01.
73. "Legal information on FFmpeg's website". ffmpeg.org. from the original on 2012-01-03. Retrieved 2012-01-04.
74. "The European Patent Convention". www.epo.org. European Patent Office. 2020-11-29. from the original on 2021-11-24. Retrieved 2021-11-24.
75. "VirtualDub2". from the original on 2020-08-07. Retrieved 2020-08-15.
76. "Google's YouTube Uses FFmpeg | Breaking Eggs And Making Omelettes". Multimedia.cx. 2011-02-08. from the original on 2012-08-14. Retrieved 2012-08-06.
77. "FFmpeg-based Projects". ffmpeg.org. from the original on 2016-02-20. Retrieved 2012-01-04..
78. "Firefox Enables FFmpeg Support By Default". Phoronix. 2015-11-15. from the original on 2017-09-25. Retrieved 2015-11-18.
79. "Multimedia Xpert". Atlas Informatik. Retrieved 2022-05-26.
80. Maki, J. N.; Gruel, D.; McKinney, C.; Ravine, M. A.; Morales, M.; Lee, D.; Willson, R.; Copley-Woods, D.; Valvo, M.; Goodsall, T.; McGuire, J.; Sellar, R. G.; Schaffner, J. A.; Caplinger, M. A.; Shamah, J. M.; Johnson, A. E.; Ansari, H.; Singh, K.; Litwin, T.; Deen, R.; Culver, A.; Ruoff, N.; Petrizzo, D.; Kessler, D.; Basset, C.; Estlin, T.; Alibay, F.; Nelessen, A.; Algermissen, S. (2020). "The Mars 2020 Engineering Cameras and Microphone on the Perseverance Rover: A Next-Generation Imaging System for Mars Exploration". Space Science Reviews. Springer Nature Switzerland AG. 216 (8): 137. Bibcode:2020SSRv..216..137M. doi:10.1007/s11214-020-00765-9. PMC 7686239. PMID 33268910.

External links

• Official website