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Adaptive Multi-Rate Wideband

March 03, 2023

Adaptive Multi-Rate Wideband (AMR-WB) is a patented wideband speech audio coding standard developed based on Adaptive Multi-Rate encoding, using a similar methodology to algebraic code-excited linear prediction (ACELP). AMR-WB provides improved speech quality due to a wider speech bandwidth of 50–7000 Hz compared to narrowband speech coders which in general are optimized for POTS wireline quality of 300–3400 Hz. AMR-WB was developed by Nokia[1] and VoiceAge and it was first specified by 3GPP.[2]

G.722.2
Wideband coding of speech at around 16 kbit/s using Adaptive Multi-Rate Wideband (AMR-WB)
StatusIn force
Year started2002
Latest version(08/18)
August 2018
OrganizationITU-T
CommitteeITU-T Study Group 16
Domaintelecommunication
LicenseFreely available
Websitehttps://www.itu.int/rec/T-REC-G.722.2

AMR-WB is codified as G.722.2, an ITU-T standard speech codec, formally known as Wideband coding of speech at around 16 kbit/s using Adaptive Multi-Rate Wideband (AMR-WB). G.722.2 AMR-WB is the same codec as the 3GPP AMR-WB. The corresponding 3GPP specifications are TS 26.190 for the speech codec[3] and TS 26.194 for the Voice Activity Detector.[4]

The AMR-WB format has the following parameters:[5]

A common file extension for the AMR-WB file format is .awb. There also exists another storage format for AMR-WB that is suitable for applications with more advanced demands on the storage format, like random access or synchronization with video. This format is the 3GPP-specified 3GP container format, based on the ISO base media file format.[7] 3GP also allows use of AMR-WB bit streams for stereo sound.

AMR modes

AMR-WB operates, like AMR, with nine different bit rates. The lowest bit rate providing excellent speech quality in a clean environment is 12.65 kbit/s. Higher bit rates are useful in background noise conditions and for music. Also, lower bit rates of 6.60 and 8.85 kbit/s provide reasonable quality, especially when compared to narrow-band codecs.

The frequencies from 6.4 kHz to 7 kHz are only transmitted in the highest bitrate mode (23.85 kbit/s), while in the rest of the modes the decoder generates sounds by using the lower frequency data (75–6400 Hz) along with random noise (in order to simulate the high frequency band).[8]

All modes are sampled at 16 kHz (using 14-bit resolution) and processed at 12.8 kHz.

The bit rates are the following:

  • Mandatory multi-rate configuration
    • 6.60 kbit/s (used for circuit switched GSM and UMTS connections; should only be used temporarily during bad radio connections and is not considered wideband speech)
    • 8.85 kbit/s (used for circuit switched GSM and UMTS connections; should only be used temporarily during bad radio connections and is not considered wideband speech; provides quality equal to G.722 at 48 kbit/s for clean speech)
    • 12.65 kbit/s (main anchor bitrate; used for circuit switched GSM and UMTS connections; offers superior audio quality to AMR at and above this bit rate; provides quality equal to or better than G722 at 56 kbit/s for clean speech)
  • Higher bitrates for speech in adverse background noise environments, combined speech and music, and multi-party conferencing.
    • 14.25 kbit/s
    • 15.85 kbit/s
    • 18.25 kbit/s
    • 19.85 kbit/s
    • 23.05 kbit/s (not targeted for full-rate GSM channels)
    • 23.85 kbit/s (provides quality equal to G.722 at 64 kbit/s for clean speech; not targeted for full-rate GSM channels)

Notes: "The codec mode can be changed every 20 ms in 3G WCDMA channels and every 40 ms in GSM/GERAN channels. (For Tandem Free Operation interoperability with GSM/GERAN, mode change rate is restricted in 3G to 40 ms in AMR-WB encoders.)" [9]

Configurations for 3GPP

When used in mobile phone networks, there are three different configurations (combinations of bitrates) that may be used for voice channels:

  • Configuration A (Config-WB-Code 0): 6.6, 8.85, and 12.65 kbit/s (Mandatory multi-rate configuration)
  • Configuration B (Config-WB-Code 2): 6.6, 8.85, 12.65, and 15.85 kbit/s
  • Configuration C (Config-WB-Code 4): 6.6, 8.85, 12.65, and 23.85 kbit/s

This limitation was designed to simplify the negotiation of bitrate between the handset and the base station, thus vastly simplifying the implementation and testing. All other bitrates can still be used for other purposes in mobile phone networks, including multimedia messaging, streaming audio, etc.

Deployment

AMR-WB has been standardized by a mobile phone manufacturer consortium for future usage in networks such as UMTS. Its speech quality is high, but older networks will have to be upgraded to support a wideband codec.[citation needed]

In October 2006, the first AMR-WB tests were conducted in a deployed network by T-Mobile in Germany, in cooperation with Ericsson.[10][11]

In 2007 an end-to-end AMR-WB TrFO capable 3G & VoIP product line was commercially released by NSN (M13.6 MSS, U3C MGW). AMR-WB TFO support was commercially released in 2008 (M14.2, U4.0). End-to-end TFO/TrFO negotiation and mid-call optimization (e.g. on handover, CF or CT events) was released in 2009 (M14.3, U4.1).

In late 2009, Orange UK announced that it would be introducing AMR-WB on its network in 2010.[12][13] In France Orange S.A. and SFR are using AMR-WB format on their 3G+ networks since the end of summer 2010.

WIND Mobile in Canada launched HD Voice (AMR-WB) on its 3G+ network in February, 2011. WIND Mobile also announced that several handsets will support HD Voice (AMR-WB) in the first half of 2011,[14] with the first one being Alcatel Tribe.[15]

In January 2013, T-Mobile became the first GSM/UMTS based network in the US to enable AMR-WB.[16]

In Feb 2013, Chunghwa Telecom became the first GSM/UMTS based network in Taiwan to enable AMR-WB. [17]

In August 2013 the AMR-WB standard was introduced in Ukraine by Kyivstar. [18]

Nokia developed[19] the VMR-WB format for CDMA2000 networks, which is fully interoperable with 3GPP AMR-WB. AMR-WB is also a widely adapted format in mobile handsets for ringtones.[20]

The AMR wideband speech format shall be supported in 3G multimedia services when wideband speech working at 16 kHz sampling frequency is supported. This requirement is defined in 3GPP technical specifications for IP Multimedia Subsystem (IMS), Multimedia Messaging Service (MMS) and Transparent end-to-end Packet-switched Streaming Service (PSS).[21][22][23] In 3GPP specifications is AMR-WB format also used in 3GP container format.

Licensing

G.722.2 is licensed by VoiceAge Corporation.[24][25][26][27]

Tools

For encoding and decoding AMR-WB, an open-source library named OpenCORE exists. The OpenCORE codec can be used in ffmpeg.

For encoding, another open-source library exists as well, provided by VisualOn. It is included in the Android mobile operating system.

See also

References

  1. ^ . Archived from the original on 2013-02-10.
  2. ^ "G.722.2: Wideband coding of speech at around 16 kbit/s using Adaptive Multi-Rate Wideband (AMR-WB)". ITU Telecommunication Standard Sector. from the original on 2021-06-14. Retrieved 2021-12-14.
  3. ^ "Specification # 26.190: Speech codec speech processing functions; Adaptive Multi-Rate - Wideband (AMR-WB) speech codec; Transcoding functions". 3GPP Portal. 3GPP. Retrieved 2021-12-14.
  4. ^ "Specification # 26.194: Speech codec speech processing functions; Adaptive Multi-Rate - Wideband (AMR-WB) speech codec; Voice Activity Detector (VAD)". 3GPP Portal. 3GPP. Retrieved 2021-12-14.
  5. ^ (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2007-10-13. Retrieved 2012-02-22.
  6. ^ "Specification # 26.976: Performance characterization of the Adaptive Multi-Rate Wideband (AMR-WB) speech codec; Chapter 25: Transmission Delay". 3GPP Portal. 3GPP. Retrieved 2021-12-14.
  7. ^ "AMR and AMR-WB Storage Format". RTP Payload Format and File Storage Format for the Adaptive Multi-Rate (AMR) and Adaptive Multi-Rate Wideband (AMR-WB) Audio Codecs. p. 35. sec. 5. doi:10.17487/RFC4867. RFC 4867.
  8. ^ Kuo, Sen M., Bob H. Lee, and Wenshun Tian. Real-Time Digital Signal Processing: Fundamentals, Implementations and Applications. John Wiley & Sons, 2013.
  9. ^ 3GPP 3GPP TS 26.976 – Performance characterization of the Adaptive Multi-Rate Wideband (AMR-WB) speech codec ; Chapter 4.2 Retrieved on 2014-04-10.
  10. ^ . Archived from the original on 2007-09-29. Retrieved 2006-11-26.
  11. ^ . Archived from the original on 2007-02-12. Retrieved 2006-11-20.
  12. ^ . Archived from the original on 2010-01-04. Retrieved 2009-12-31.
  13. ^ Orange to launch mobile HD Voice in 2010
  14. ^ . CNW. 2018-12-04. Archived from the original on 2018-12-04. Retrieved 2022-01-25.
  15. ^ WIND Mobile press release, Feb 3, 2011
  16. ^ http://www.anandtech.com/show/6594/tmobile-announces-amrwb-hd-voice-calls-active-on-its-network T-Mobile Announces AMR-WB (HD Voice) Calls Active on its Network
  17. ^ http://www.ithome.com.tw/itadm/article.php?c=78703[permanent dead link]
  18. ^ "Kyivstar launches HD Voice - Telecompaper".
  19. ^ . Nokia.com. 2004-07-21. Archived from the original on 2007-08-17. Retrieved 2022-01-25.
  20. ^ . Nokia.com. 2003-03-11. Archived from the original on 2007-08-17. Retrieved 2022-01-25.
  21. ^ ETSI (2009-04) ETSI TS 126 234 V8.2.0 (2009-04); 3GPP TS 26.234; Transparent end-to-end Packet-switched Streaming Service (PSS); Protocols and codecs Page 58. Retrieved on 2009-06-02.
  22. ^ ETSI (2009-01) ETSI TS 126 140 V8.0.0 (2009-01); 3GPP TS 26.140; Multimedia Messaging Service (MMS); Media formats and codes Page 11. Retrieved on 2009-06-02.
  23. ^ ETSI (2009-01) ETSI TS 126 141 V8.0.0 (2009-01); 3GPP TS 26.141; IP Multimedia System (IMS) Messaging and Presence; Media formats and codecs Page 10. Retrieved on 2009-06-02.
  24. ^ . Industry Canada – ic.gc.ca. 2008-03-13. Archived from the original on 2011-10-26. Retrieved 2009-09-11.
  25. ^ . ecplaza.net. 2009-07-21. Archived from the original on 2011-07-23. Retrieved 2009-09-11.
  26. ^ VoiceAge Corporation (2009-07-21). . VoiceAge Corporation. Archived from the original on 2010-01-28. Retrieved 2009-09-11.
  27. ^ VoiceAge Corporation. "Licensing for AMR-WB/G.722.2". VoiceAge Corporation. Retrieved 2009-09-11.

External links

  • ITU-T Recommendation G.722.2 (AMR-WB) – technical specification
  • Adaptive Multi-Rate – Wideband (AMR-WB) speech codec; Transcoding functions; 3GPP TS 26.190 – 3GPP technical specification
  • Adaptive Multi-Rate – Wideband (AMR-WB) speech codec; Voice Activity Detector (VAD); 3GPP TS 26.194 – 3GPP technical specification
  • Adaptive Multi-Rate – Wideband (AMR-WB) speech codec; General description; 3GPP TS 26.171 – 3GPP technical specification
  • 3GPP codecs specifications; 3G and beyond / GSM, 26 series
  • RFC 4867 – RTP Payload Format and File Storage Format for the Adaptive Multi-Rate (AMR) and Adaptive Multi-Rate Wideband (AMR-WB) Audio Codecs
  • RFC 4281 – The Codecs Parameter for "Bucket" Media Types
  • 3GPP – Technical Specification Group Services and System Aspects
  • ITU-T Implementors' Guide for G.722.2
  • Report on Mobile HD Voice using AMR Wideband, as of 20th of Feb 2012

March 03, 2023
adaptive, multi, rate, wideband, patented, wideband, speech, audio, coding, standard, developed, based, adaptive, multi, rate, encoding, using, similar, methodology, algebraic, code, excited, linear, prediction, acelp, provides, improved, speech, quality, wide. Adaptive Multi Rate Wideband AMR WB is a patented wideband speech audio coding standard developed based on Adaptive Multi Rate encoding using a similar methodology to algebraic code excited linear prediction ACELP AMR WB provides improved speech quality due to a wider speech bandwidth of 50 7000 Hz compared to narrowband speech coders which in general are optimized for POTS wireline quality of 300 3400 Hz AMR WB was developed by Nokia 1 and VoiceAge and it was first specified by 3GPP 2 G 722 2Wideband coding of speech at around 16 kbit s using Adaptive Multi Rate Wideband AMR WB StatusIn forceYear started2002Latest version 08 18 August 2018OrganizationITU TCommitteeITU T Study Group 16DomaintelecommunicationLicenseFreely availableWebsitehttps www itu int rec T REC G 722 2AMR WB is codified as G 722 2 an ITU T standard speech codec formally known as Wideband coding of speech at around 16 kbit s using Adaptive Multi Rate Wideband AMR WB G 722 2 AMR WB is the same codec as the 3GPP AMR WB The corresponding 3GPP specifications are TS 26 190 for the speech codec 3 and TS 26 194 for the Voice Activity Detector 4 The AMR WB format has the following parameters 5 Frequency bands processed 50 6400 Hz all modes plus 6400 7000 Hz 23 85 kbit s mode only Delay frame size 20 ms Look ahead 5 ms AMR WB codec employs a bandsplitting filter the one way delay of this filter is 0 9375 ms 6 Complexity 38 WMOPS RAM 5 3 kilowords Voice activity detection discontinuous transmission comfort noise generator Fixed point bit exact C code Floating point under workA common file extension for the AMR WB file format is awb There also exists another storage format for AMR WB that is suitable for applications with more advanced demands on the storage format like random access or synchronization with video This format is the 3GPP specified 3GP container format based on the ISO base media file format 7 3GP also allows use of AMR WB bit streams for stereo sound Contents 1 AMR modes 2 Configurations for 3GPP 3 Deployment 4 Licensing 5 Tools 6 See also 7 References 8 External linksAMR modes EditAMR WB operates like AMR with nine different bit rates The lowest bit rate providing excellent speech quality in a clean environment is 12 65 kbit s Higher bit rates are useful in background noise conditions and for music Also lower bit rates of 6 60 and 8 85 kbit s provide reasonable quality especially when compared to narrow band codecs The frequencies from 6 4 kHz to 7 kHz are only transmitted in the highest bitrate mode 23 85 kbit s while in the rest of the modes the decoder generates sounds by using the lower frequency data 75 6400 Hz along with random noise in order to simulate the high frequency band 8 All modes are sampled at 16 kHz using 14 bit resolution and processed at 12 8 kHz The bit rates are the following Mandatory multi rate configuration 6 60 kbit s used for circuit switched GSM and UMTS connections should only be used temporarily during bad radio connections and is not considered wideband speech 8 85 kbit s used for circuit switched GSM and UMTS connections should only be used temporarily during bad radio connections and is not considered wideband speech provides quality equal to G 722 at 48 kbit s for clean speech 12 65 kbit s main anchor bitrate used for circuit switched GSM and UMTS connections offers superior audio quality to AMR at and above this bit rate provides quality equal to or better than G722 at 56 kbit s for clean speech Higher bitrates for speech in adverse background noise environments combined speech and music and multi party conferencing 14 25 kbit s 15 85 kbit s 18 25 kbit s 19 85 kbit s 23 05 kbit s not targeted for full rate GSM channels 23 85 kbit s provides quality equal to G 722 at 64 kbit s for clean speech not targeted for full rate GSM channels Notes The codec mode can be changed every 20 ms in 3G WCDMA channels and every 40 ms in GSM GERAN channels For Tandem Free Operation interoperability with GSM GERAN mode change rate is restricted in 3G to 40 ms in AMR WB encoders 9 Configurations for 3GPP EditWhen used in mobile phone networks there are three different configurations combinations of bitrates that may be used for voice channels Configuration A Config WB Code 0 6 6 8 85 and 12 65 kbit s Mandatory multi rate configuration Configuration B Config WB Code 2 6 6 8 85 12 65 and 15 85 kbit s Configuration C Config WB Code 4 6 6 8 85 12 65 and 23 85 kbit sThis limitation was designed to simplify the negotiation of bitrate between the handset and the base station thus vastly simplifying the implementation and testing All other bitrates can still be used for other purposes in mobile phone networks including multimedia messaging streaming audio etc Deployment EditAMR WB has been standardized by a mobile phone manufacturer consortium for future usage in networks such as UMTS Its speech quality is high but older networks will have to be upgraded to support a wideband codec citation needed In October 2006 the first AMR WB tests were conducted in a deployed network by T Mobile in Germany in cooperation with Ericsson 10 11 In 2007 an end to end AMR WB TrFO capable 3G amp VoIP product line was commercially released by NSN M13 6 MSS U3C MGW AMR WB TFO support was commercially released in 2008 M14 2 U4 0 End to end TFO TrFO negotiation and mid call optimization e g on handover CF or CT events was released in 2009 M14 3 U4 1 In late 2009 Orange UK announced that it would be introducing AMR WB on its network in 2010 12 13 In France Orange S A and SFR are using AMR WB format on their 3G networks since the end of summer 2010 WIND Mobile in Canada launched HD Voice AMR WB on its 3G network in February 2011 WIND Mobile also announced that several handsets will support HD Voice AMR WB in the first half of 2011 14 with the first one being Alcatel Tribe 15 In January 2013 T Mobile became the first GSM UMTS based network in the US to enable AMR WB 16 In Feb 2013 Chunghwa Telecom became the first GSM UMTS based network in Taiwan to enable AMR WB 17 In August 2013 the AMR WB standard was introduced in Ukraine by Kyivstar 18 Nokia developed 19 the VMR WB format for CDMA2000 networks which is fully interoperable with 3GPP AMR WB AMR WB is also a widely adapted format in mobile handsets for ringtones 20 The AMR wideband speech format shall be supported in 3G multimedia services when wideband speech working at 16 kHz sampling frequency is supported This requirement is defined in 3GPP technical specifications for IP Multimedia Subsystem IMS Multimedia Messaging Service MMS and Transparent end to end Packet switched Streaming Service PSS 21 22 23 In 3GPP specifications is AMR WB format also used in 3GP container format Licensing EditThis section is missing information about pricing Please expand the section to include this information Further details may exist on the talk page February 2021 G 722 2 is licensed by VoiceAge Corporation 24 25 26 27 Tools EditFor encoding and decoding AMR WB an open source library named OpenCORE exists The OpenCORE codec can be used in ffmpeg For encoding another open source library exists as well provided by VisualOn It is included in the Android mobile operating system See also EditEnhanced Voice Services EVS Adaptive Multi Rate AMR Extended Adaptive Multi Rate Wideband AMR WB Half Rate Full Rate Enhanced Full Rate EFR G 722 G 722 1 3GP Comparison of audio coding formats RTP audio video profile Wideband audioReferences Edit Nokia Research Center AMR WB and the Nokia Voice Experience Istanbul Archived from the original on 2013 02 10 G 722 2 Wideband coding of speech at around 16 kbit s using Adaptive Multi Rate Wideband AMR WB ITU Telecommunication Standard Sector Archived from the original on 2021 06 14 Retrieved 2021 12 14 Specification 26 190 Speech codec speech processing functions Adaptive Multi Rate Wideband AMR WB speech codec Transcoding functions 3GPP Portal 3GPP Retrieved 2021 12 14 Specification 26 194 Speech codec speech processing functions Adaptive Multi Rate Wideband AMR WB speech codec Voice Activity Detector VAD 3GPP Portal 3GPP Retrieved 2021 12 14 Wideband Speech Coding Standards and Applications PDF Archived from the original PDF on 2007 10 13 Retrieved 2012 02 22 Specification 26 976 Performance characterization of the Adaptive Multi Rate Wideband AMR WB speech codec Chapter 25 Transmission Delay 3GPP Portal 3GPP Retrieved 2021 12 14 AMR and AMR WB Storage Format RTP Payload Format and File Storage Format for the Adaptive Multi Rate AMR and Adaptive Multi Rate Wideband AMR WB Audio Codecs p 35 sec 5 doi 10 17487 RFC4867 RFC 4867 Kuo Sen M Bob H Lee and Wenshun Tian Real Time Digital Signal Processing Fundamentals Implementations and Applications John Wiley amp Sons 2013 3GPP 3GPP TS 26 976 Performance characterization of the Adaptive Multi Rate Wideband AMR WB speech codec Chapter 4 2 Retrieved on 2014 04 10 T Mobile and Ericsson conduct world s first field trial with AMR Wideband SlashPhone com Archived from the original on 2007 09 29 Retrieved 2006 11 26 T Mobile press release in German Archived from the original on 2007 02 12 Retrieved 2006 11 20 Orange newsroom Archived from the original on 2010 01 04 Retrieved 2009 12 31 Orange to launch mobile HD Voice in 2010 CNW WIND MOBILE ANNOUNCES SUCCESSFUL 4G LIVE TRIAL CNW 2018 12 04 Archived from the original on 2018 12 04 Retrieved 2022 01 25 WIND Mobile press release Feb 3 2011 http www anandtech com show 6594 tmobile announces amrwb hd voice calls active on its network T Mobile Announces AMR WB HD Voice Calls Active on its Network http www ithome com tw itadm article php c 78703 permanent dead link Kyivstar launches HD Voice Telecompaper Nokia Ready for deployment First wideband speech codec for 3G CDMA2000 networks Press Releases Press About Nokia Nokia com 2004 07 21 Archived from the original on 2007 08 17 Retrieved 2022 01 25 Nokia Nokia transforms the mobile music experience with the Nokia 3300 Press Releases Press About Nokia Nokia com 2003 03 11 Archived from the original on 2007 08 17 Retrieved 2022 01 25 ETSI 2009 04 ETSI TS 126 234 V8 2 0 2009 04 3GPP TS 26 234 Transparent end to end Packet switched Streaming Service PSS Protocols and codecs Page 58 Retrieved on 2009 06 02 ETSI 2009 01 ETSI TS 126 140 V8 0 0 2009 01 3GPP TS 26 140 Multimedia Messaging Service MMS Media formats and codes Page 11 Retrieved on 2009 06 02 ETSI 2009 01 ETSI TS 126 141 V8 0 0 2009 01 3GPP TS 26 141 IP Multimedia System IMS Messaging and Presence Media formats and codecs Page 10 Retrieved on 2009 06 02 VoiceAge Corporation Complete Profile Industry Canada ic gc ca 2008 03 13 Archived from the original on 2011 10 26 Retrieved 2009 09 11 VoiceAge Announces the Creation of a Patent Pool for AMR WB G 722 2 Speech Compression Standards ecplaza net 2009 07 21 Archived from the original on 2011 07 23 Retrieved 2009 09 11 VoiceAge Corporation 2009 07 21 VoiceAge Announces the Creation of a Patent Pool for AMR WB G 722 2 Speech Compression Standards VoiceAge Corporation Archived from the original on 2010 01 28 Retrieved 2009 09 11 VoiceAge Corporation Licensing for AMR WB G 722 2 VoiceAge Corporation Retrieved 2009 09 11 External links EditITU T Recommendation G 722 2 AMR WB technical specification Adaptive Multi Rate Wideband AMR WB speech codec Transcoding functions 3GPP TS 26 190 3GPP technical specification Adaptive Multi Rate Wideband AMR WB speech codec Voice Activity Detector VAD 3GPP TS 26 194 3GPP technical specification Adaptive Multi Rate Wideband AMR WB speech codec General description 3GPP TS 26 171 3GPP technical specification 3GPP codecs specifications 3G and beyond GSM 26 series RFC 4867 RTP Payload Format and File Storage Format for the Adaptive Multi Rate AMR and Adaptive Multi Rate Wideband AMR WB Audio Codecs RFC 4281 The Codecs Parameter for Bucket Media Types Deep Inside the Network Episode 2 AMR WB Skype like Audio Quality for Mobile Networks Wideband Speech Coding Standards and Applications 3GPP Technical Specification Group Services and System Aspects ITU T Implementors Guide for G 722 2 Report on Mobile HD Voice using AMR Wideband as of 20th of Feb 2012 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Adaptive Multi Rate Wideband amp oldid 1107628441, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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