Essex County, New Jersey

Essex County is located in the northeastern part of the U.S. state of New Jersey, and is one of the centrally located counties in the New York metropolitan area. As of the 2020 census, the county was the state's second-most populous county,^[5] with a population of 863,728,^[6][7] an increase of 79,759 (+10.2%) from the 2010 census count of 783,969,^[8][9] which in turn reflected a decrease of 1.2% (9,664 fewer residents) from the 793,633 enumerated in the 2000 Census.^[10] For 2021, the Population Estimates Program calculated a population of 854,917, which was ranked third of the state's 21 counties (with Middlesex County ranked second).^[4] Its county seat is Newark,^[3] with a 2020 census population of 311,549,^[7] making it the most populous city in the state.^[5]

Essex County
County
Newark Penn Station at dusk
Flag Seal
Location within the U.S. state of New Jersey
New Jersey's location within the U.S.
Coordinates: 40°47′N 74°15′W / 40.79°N 74.25°W / 40.79; -74.25Coordinates: 40°47′N 74°15′W / 40.79°N 74.25°W / 40.79; -74.25
Country	United States
State	New Jersey
Founded	March 7, 1683^[2]
Named for	Essex, England
Seat	Newark^[3]
Largest city	Newark (population and area)
Government
• County executive	Joseph N. DiVincenzo Jr. (D, term ends December 31, 2026)
Area
• Total	129.631 sq mi (335.74 km^2)
• Land	126.212 sq mi (326.89 km^2)
• Water	3.419 sq mi (8.86 km^2)  2.64%
Population  (2020)
• Total	863,728^[1]
• Estimate  (2021)^[4]	854,917
• Density	6,843.5/sq mi (2,642.3/km^2)
Congressional districts	8th, 10th, 11th
Website	www.essex-countynj.org

Interactive map of Essex County, New Jersey

In 2015, the county had a per capita personal income of $60,030, the eighth-highest in New Jersey and 153rd highest of 3,113 counties in the U.S.^[11][12] The Bureau of Economic Analysis ranked the county as having the 94th-highest per capita income of all 3,113 counties in the U.S. and seventh-highest in New Jersey in 2009.^[13] The county is part of the North Jersey region.

History

 

Millburn, New Jersey

Etymolgy

The county is named after Essex, a county in the East of England.^[14]

History

Based on data from the 2010 census, Essex County is the 14th-most densely populated county in the United States, and was ranked second in the state after Hudson County (which ranked sixth in the nation at 13,731.4 per square mile).^[15]Newark, with a population density of 11,458.3 people per square mile, is the largest municipality in the county both in terms of land area (24.19 square miles) and population (277,140), while Caldwell is the smallest in terms of land area (1.17 square miles) and Essex Fells has the smallest population (2,113).^[16] Many of the county's smallest municipalities have population densities that are comparable to those of many big cities, and are well above the state's average which in turn is the highest in the nation.

Like many of the counties of Northern New Jersey near New York City—which tend to have sharp divides between relatively rich suburban neighborhoods and less wealthy, more densely populated cities nearby—the eastern region of Essex County tends to be poorer and more urbanized, while the western parts tend to be more affluent and suburban. The wide area of Eastern Essex has significant pockets of high population, high building density, high poverty, and high crime rates. Within this general area, however, are numerous areas comprised of safe, mixed and middle-income neighborhoods of diverse populations. For example, north and west sides of Newark have well-kept suburban areas such as Vailsburg and Forest Hill. The east side of Newark is the Ironbound, a working-class Brazilian and Portuguese community. East Orange is home to the Presidential Estate neighborhood, a well-kept area of large, pre-war, single-family homes. Belleville and Bloomfield are suburbs with historic Italian communities that, in spite of retaining a core Italian-American population, now have many immigrants from Latin America and Asia. As of the 2000 Census, 36% of Nutley residents indicated that they were of Italian ancestry, the 12th-highest of any municipality in the nation and third-highest in New Jersey.^[17]

Beginning at about the turn of the century, this region led the state in the rebuilding and rehab of its housing stock. In the 2000s, Newark led the state in the issuance of building permits. Many reasons were cited: citywide incentives to encourage construction development, an improving local economy, the rising demand of low-cost housing so close to Manhattan. Newark has since then become one of the fastest-growing cities in the entire Northeast,^[18][19] and reported a gain in median income and drop in poverty rate.^[20] This is a turnaround from the deterioration and abandonment experienced in the post-riot 1970s, 1980s and early part of the 1990s.

Crime in this part of the county has traditionally been among the highest in the state and the country as well, but recently has also seen significant declines, mirroring its large neighbor to the east, New York City.^[21] By 2006, crime in Newark had fallen 60% over the previous decade to its lowest levels in 40 years.^[22][23] Neighboring East Orange has also experienced a decline in crimes, dropping 50% in the three years (2005 to 2007).^[24] While crime rates have fallen significantly in these cities in recent years, they nonetheless remain high here compared to national crime statistics, as well as Irvington, and Orange. In 2008, Newark had 67 homicides, down from 105 in 2007 and the record of 161 murders set in 1981.^[21][25]

In contrast, Western Essex tends to be more suburban and affluent. Within this region are some of the most diverse and racially integrated municipalities in the state and nation, including Montclair, West Orange, South Orange and Maplewood. Many of these municipalities are well-known magnets for people moving from New York City, such as Glen Ridge, Montclair, Verona, Cedar Grove, South Orange and West Orange. The communities of Livingston, West Caldwell, South Orange, Maplewood, Millburn, North Caldwell, and Essex Fells are some of the wealthiest towns in the county. Short Hills (in Millburn), South Orange, West Orange, and Livingston have large Jewish communities. Short Hills has a popular upscale shopping mall, The Mall at Short Hills located near affluent communities in Morris and Union counties.^[26]

As the poorest place in the county, Newark has a median household income of $33,025 and a per capita income of $17,198;^[27] at the other extreme, Essex Fells, one of the wealthier places in the county and the 4th wealthiest municipality in the state, has a median household income of $174,432 and a per capita income of $89,316.^{[28][citation needed]}

Essex County was the first county in the country to create a county park system (Essex County Park System), to ensure that it did not lose all its land to development.^[29] Some of the county's municipalities, especially Newark, The Oranges, and The Caldwells were seen on episodes of the HBO mob drama The Sopranos, which was set in North Caldwell.^[30]

 

Essex Troop, New Jersey National Guard

 

Essex County Hall of Records

 

Thomas Edison Laboratory

Essex was originally formed as one of four administrative districts within Province of East Jersey in 1675, together with Bergen, Middlesex and Monmouth districts. Essex County was formed within East Jersey on March 7, 1683.^[2] The county was named after the English county of Essex. When the provinces of East Jersey and West Jersey were combined in 1702, the county boundaries were retained. Portions of Essex were taken in 1741 and transferred to Somerset County. In 1837, Passaic County was formed from portions of Essex and Bergen counties. In 1857, Union County was created from parts of Essex County.^[2]

Geography

According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the county had an area of 129.631 square miles (335.74 km²), including 126.212 square miles (326.89 km²) of land (97.4%) and 3.419 square miles (8.86 km²) of water (2.6%).^[16][31]

The county rises from generally flat in the east to the twin ridges of the Watchung Mountains in the western half, beyond which the land lowers again into the Passaic River valley.

The highest elevation is found at four areas scattered between Verona, North Caldwell and Cedar Grove, reaching 660 feet (200 m) above sea level.^[32] The lowest point is sea level, at Newark Bay.

Climate

All of Essex County has a humid subtropical climate (Cfa) if the -3 °C isotherm is used. If the 0 °C isotherm is used, Cfa only exists in eastern Newark and the rest of the county has a hot-summer humid continental climate (Dfa). However temperatures do vary in various locations. In Newark, Eastern Essex County, and Southern/Southeastern Essex County, temperatures are relatively cool to hot, even in the winter months. Western Essex County has similar temperatures to Eastern Essex, but the elevation increase within the Watchung Mountains allows for some minor differences. An example would be that in January on Interstate 280 it could be raining in East Orange. Heading west on 280 there is a large hill that elevates from 150 feet (46 m) to 650 feet (200 m), a 500 feet (150 m) difference. At the top of the hill it could be snowing because of the 3 to 4 degree temperature differences.

Newark, New Jersey
Climate chart (explanation)
J F M A M J J A S O N D     3.5     39 24     2.9     42 27     4.1     51 34     4.2     62 44     4     72 53     4     82 63     4.7     86 69     3.7     84 68     3.8     77 60     3.6     65 48     3.6     55 39     3.8     44 30 Average max. and min. temperatures in °F Precipitation totals in inches Source: The Weather Channel^[33]
Metric conversion J F M A M J J A S O N D     89     4 −4     74     6 −3     104     11 1     107     17 7     102     22 12     102     28 17     119     30 21     94     29 20     97     25 16     91     18 9     91     13 4     97     7 −1 Average max. and min. temperatures in °C Precipitation totals in mm

In recent years, average temperatures in the county seat of Newark have ranged from a low of 24 °F (−4 °C) in January to a high of 86 °F (30 °C) in July, although a record low of −14 °F (−26 °C) was recorded in February 1934 and a record high of 105 °F (41 °C) was recorded in July 1993. Average monthly precipitation ranged from 2.99 inches (76 mm) in February to 4.76 inches (121 mm) in July.^[33] In Roseland, average monthly temperatures range from 29.2 °F in January to 74.6 °F in July. [3]

Demographics

Historical population

Census	Pop.	Note	%±
1790	17,785		—
1800	22,269		25.2%
1810	25,984		16.7%
1820	30,793		18.5%
1830	41,911		36.1%
1840	44,621	*	6.5%
1850	73,950		65.7%
1860	98,877	*	33.7%
1870	143,839		45.5%
1880	189,929		32.0%
1890	256,098		34.8%
1900	359,053		40.2%
1910	512,886		42.8%
1920	652,089		27.1%
1930	833,513		27.8%
1940	837,340		0.5%
1950	905,949		8.2%
1960	923,545		1.9%
1970	932,526		1.0%
1980	851,304		−8.7%
1990	778,206		−8.6%
2000	793,633		2.0%
2010	783,969		−1.2%
2020	863,728		10.2%
2021 (est.)	854,917	^[6]	−1.0%
Historical sources: 1790–1990^[34] 1970–2010^[35] 2000^[10]^[36] 2010^[8] 2020^[6]^[7] * = Lost territory in previous decade.^[2]

2020 census

2010 census

The 2010 United States census counted 783,969 people, 283,712 households, and 189,236 families in the county. The population density was 6,211.5 per square mile (2,398.3/km²). There were 312,954 housing units at an average density of 2,479.6 per square mile (957.4/km²). The racial makeup was 42.59% (333,868) White, 40.88% (320,479) Black or African American, 0.39% (3,056) Native American, 4.57% (35,789) Asian, 0.04% (286) Pacific Islander, 8.38% (65,687) from other races, and 3.16% (24,804) from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 20.30% (159,117) of the population.^[8]

Of the 283,712 households, 33.2% had children under the age of 18; 40.1% were married couples living together; 20.6% had a female householder with no husband present and 33.3% were non-families. Of all households, 27.7% were made up of individuals and 9.4% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.68 and the average family size was 3.29.^[8]

24.9% of the population were under the age of 18, 9.5% from 18 to 24, 28.6% from 25 to 44, 25.6% from 45 to 64, and 11.5% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 36.4 years. For every 100 females, the population had 92.1 males. For every 100 females ages 18 and older there were 88.6 males.^[8]

The non-Hispanic white population was 33.2%.

The county had 76,200 Jewish residents according to the 2002 results of the National Jewish Population Survey.^[37]

Economy

Based on data from the Bureau of Economic Analysis, Essex County had a gross domestic product (GDP) of $52.3 billion in 2018, which was ranked 4th in the state and represented an increase of 1.4% from the previous year.^[38]

Government

County Government

Essex County is governed by a County Executive and a nine-member Board of County Commissioners, who administer all county business. Essex joins Atlantic, Bergen, Hudson and Mercer counties as one of the five of 21 New Jersey counties with an elected executive.^[39] The County Executive is elected by a direct vote of the electorate. Nine commissioners are elected to serve three-year concurrent terms of office. Five of the commissioners represent districts; four are elected from the county on an at-large basis. At an annual organization meeting, the commissioners choose a Commissioner President and Vice-President from among its members to serve one-year terms.^[40] The executive's term and those of all commissioners end on December 31, 2022.^[41][42] In 2016, commissioners were paid $37,249 and the commissioner president was paid an annual salary of $38,211; commissioner salaries were the second-highest in the state, behind Hudson County.^[43] the county executive was paid $161,615 in 2015.^[44]

As of 2023^[update], the Essex County Executive is Democrat Joseph N. DiVincenzo Jr., whose four-year term of office ends December 31, 2026.^[45][46] Essex County's Commissioners are (with terms for president and vice president ending every December 31):^{[47][48][49][41][50]}

District	Commissioner
1 - Newark's North and East Wards, parts of Central and West Wards	Robert Mercado (D, Newark, 2024)^[51]
2 - Irvington, Maplewood and Newark's South Ward and parts of West Ward	President Wayne L. Richardson (D, Newark, 2024)^[52]
3 - East Orange, Newark's West and Central Wards, Orange and South Orange	Tyshammie L. Cooper (D, East Orange, 2024)^[53]
4 - Caldwell, Cedar Grove, Essex Fells, Fairfield, Livingston, Millburn, North Caldwell, Roseland, Verona, West Caldwell and West Orange	Leonard M. Luciano (D, West Caldwell, 2024)^[54]
5 - Belleville, Bloomfield, Glen Ridge, Montclair and Nutley	Vice President Carlos M. Pomares (D, Bloomfield, 2024)^[55]
at large	Brendan W. Gill (D, Montclair, 2024)^[56]
at large	Romaine Graham (D, Irvington, 2024)^[57]
at large	Rufus I. Johnson (D, Newark, 2024)^[58]
at large	Lebby C. Jones (D, Irvington, 2024)^[59]
at large	Patricia Sebold (D, Livingston, 2024)^[60]

In February 2019, Romaine Graham was appointed to fill the seat expiring in December 2024 that had been held by Lebby Jones until her death the previous month.^[61] Graham served on an interim basis until basis until the November 2019 general election, when she was chosen to serve the balance of the term of office.^[62]

Pursuant to Article VII Section II of the New Jersey State Constitution, each county in New Jersey is required to have three elected administrative officials known as "constitutional officers." These officers are the County Clerk and County Surrogate (both elected for five-year terms of office) and the County Sheriff (elected for a three-year term).^[63] Essex County is one of two counties statewide that has an elected Register of Deeds.^[64] Essex County's constitutional officers are:^[41]

Title	Representative
County Clerk	Christopher J. Durkin (D, West Caldwell, 2025)^[65]^[66]
Sheriff	Armando B. Fontoura (D, Fairfield, 2024)^[67]^[68]
Surrogate	Alturrick Kenney (D, Newark, 2024)^[69]^[70]
Register	Juan Rivera (D, Newark, 2025)^[71]^[72]

The Acting Essex County Prosecutor is Theodore N. Stephens II, who was appointed as acting prosecutor in September 2018. Stephens previously served as Essex County Surrogate from 2012 until his appointment as Acting Prosecutor.^[73] Essex County constitutes Vicinage 5 of the New Jersey Superior Court, which is seated at the Veterans' Courthouse in Newark, which also houses the Criminal Part; civil and probate cases are heard at both the historic Essex County Courthouse and at the Essex County Hall of Records, also in Newark, while family and chancery cases are heard at the Robert N. Wilentz Court Complex, also in Newark, with additional facilities in East Orange. The Assignment Judge for the vicinage is Sallyanne Floria.^[74]

Senatorial elections results (Class II)

Year	Democrats	Republicans
1984	73.4% 219,902	25.4% 76,179
1990	61.1% 93,052	37.2% 56,722
1996	67.9%	28.9%
2002	71.1% 114,624	27.3% 44,072
2008	75.0% 198,623	23.3% 61,829
2013	77.8% 92,384	21.0% 24,929
2014	77.2% 106,472	21.4% 29,527
2020	77.8% 260,604	20.8% 69,750

Federal representatives

Senatorial elections results (Class I)

Year	Democrats	Republicans
1982	60.6% 126,766	38.1% 79,654
1988	65.0% 170,591	32.4% 85,169
1994	62.7% 107,082	35.5% 60,671
2000	68.4% 170,756	29.5% 73,757
2006	72.1% 122,751	26.6% 45,266
2012	78.8% 213,404	19.6% 53,009
2018	76.5% 194,068	21.1% 53,537

Three federal Congressional Districts cover the county, including portions of the 8th, 10th and 11th Districts.^[75] For the 118th United States Congress, New Jersey's Eighth Congressional District is represented by Rob Menendez (D, Jersey City).^[76][77] For the 118th United States Congress, New Jersey's Tenth Congressional District is represented by Donald Payne Jr. (D, Newark).^[78][79] For the 118th United States Congress, New Jersey's Eleventh Congressional District is represented by Mikie Sherrill (D, Montclair).^[80]

State representatives

The 22 municipalities of Essex County are represented by six separate legislative districts.^[81]

District	Senator^[82]	Assembly^[82]	Municipalities
26th	Joseph Pennacchio (R)	Christian Barranco (R) Jay Webber (R)	Fairfield Township (7,466), North Caldwell (6,615), Verona Township (13,420) and West Caldwell (10,868). The remainder of this district covers portions of Morris County and Passaic County.
27th	Richard Codey (D)	John F. McKeon (D) Mila Jasey (D)	Caldwell Borough (7,969), Essex Fells (2,110), Livingston (30,054), Maplewood (25,232), Millburn (20,171), Roseland (5,834), South Orange (16,743), and West Orange (47,720). The remainder of this district covers portions of Morris County.
28th	Ronald Rice (D)	Ralph R. Caputo (D) Cleopatra Tucker (D)	Bloomfield (49,973), Glen Ridge (7,584), Irvington (54,233) and Nutley (28,500) and a portion of Newark (281,054).
29th	Teresa Ruiz (D)	Eliana Pintor Marin (D) Shanique Speight (D)	Belleville (36,602) and a portion of Newark (281,054)
34th	Nia Gill (D)	Thomas P. Giblin (D) Britnee Timberlake (D)	East Orange (67,374), Montclair (38,676) and The City Of Orange (30,658). The remainder of this district covers a portion of Passaic County.
40th	Kristin Corrado (R)	Kevin J. Rooney (R) Christopher DePhillips (R)	Cedar Grove (12,549). The remainder of this district covers portions of Bergen County, Morris County and Passaic County.

Law enforcement

 

Essex County Police Academy

Law enforcement at the county level is provided by the Essex County Prosecutor's Office and the Essex County Sheriff's Office. The Essex County Police was completely absorbed by the sheriff's office by 2007.^[83] Essex County College and its satellite locations are patrolled by the Essex County College Police Department.^[84]

In 2021, the Essex County Correctional Facility in Newark ended its contract with U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement to hold undocumented immigrants, instead entering into a contract with Union County, New Jersey, to house their inmates.^[85]

Politics

In presidential elections, the county has long been Democratic and is the most Democratic county in the state. It was the only county in the state to be won by Walter Mondale in 1984.^[86] As of October 1, 2021, there were a total of 571,960 registered voters in Essex County, of whom 299,613 (52.4%) were registered as Democrats, 58,618 (10.2%) were registered as Republicans and 208,422 (36.4%) were registered as unaffiliated. There were 5,307 voters (0.9%) registered to other parties.^[87]

In the 2020 U.S. presidential election, Joe Biden carried the county by a 55.4% margin over Donald Trump, the highest winning margin in any county in New Jersey, even as Biden only carried the state by 15.9% over Trump. This is actually a slight decline from the 2016 U.S. presidential election, where Hillary Clinton carried the county by a 56.8% margin over Trump. Democrats have won every presidential election in the 21st century with over 70% of the vote and Republicans have not won the county in a statewide contest since the 1985 gubernatorial election.

United States presidential election results for Essex County, New Jersey^[88]

Year	Republican		Democratic		Third party
	No.	%	No.	%	No.	%
2020	75,475	21.80%	266,820	77.07%	3,892	1.12%
2016	63,176	20.19%	240,837	76.97%	8,871	2.84%
2012	64,767	21.30%	237,035	77.95%	2,269	0.75%
2008	74,063	23.40%	240,306	75.91%	2,181	0.69%
2004	83,374	28.81%	203,681	70.39%	2,293	0.79%
2000	66,842	25.75%	185,505	71.47%	7,226	2.78%
1996	65,162	25.63%	175,368	68.99%	13,666	5.38%
1992	89,146	32.20%	158,130	57.12%	29,582	10.68%
1988	111,491	40.25%	156,098	56.36%	9,378	3.39%
1984	136,798	43.49%	173,295	55.09%	4,450	1.41%
1980	117,222	40.82%	145,281	50.59%	24,663	8.59%
1976	133,911	42.40%	174,434	55.23%	7,467	2.36%
1972	170,036	50.17%	161,270	47.59%	7,582	2.24%
1968	140,084	39.23%	185,440	51.93%	31,571	8.84%
1964	116,172	29.30%	277,042	69.88%	3,263	0.82%
1960	167,848	42.64%	217,878	55.35%	7,897	2.01%
1956	234,682	60.45%	146,313	37.68%	7,258	1.87%
1952	219,863	53.94%	180,501	44.28%	7,271	1.78%
1948	166,963	48.60%	155,468	45.25%	21,136	6.15%
1944	178,989	49.62%	174,320	48.32%	7,433	2.06%
1940	182,124	52.94%	154,363	44.87%	7,547	2.19%
1936	140,991	44.14%	174,857	54.74%	3,593	1.12%
1932	149,630	51.46%	132,666	45.63%	8,476	2.91%
1928	168,856	58.53%	118,268	40.99%	1,390	0.48%
1924	123,614	66.22%	41,708	22.34%	21,351	11.44%
1920	116,168	70.90%	40,970	25.00%	6,710	4.10%
1916	54,167	59.24%	34,596	37.84%	2,676	2.93%
1912	16,994	21.08%	26,250	32.57%	37,357	46.35%
1908	53,688	61.71%	30,192	34.70%	3,127	3.59%
1904	50,508	62.74%	25,452	31.61%	4,550	5.65%
1900	45,316	61.83%	25,731	35.11%	2,241	3.06%
1896	42,587	64.99%	20,509	31.30%	2,429	3.71%

In the 2009 gubernatorial election, Democratic Governor Jon Corzine received 67.2% of the vote (122,640 votes) to Republican Chris Christe's 27.5% (50,240 votes). In the 2013 gubernatorial election, Democrat Barbara Buono received 61.8% (95,747 total votes) to Republican Governor Chris Christe's 37% of the vote (57,353 total votes), thus making Essex County only one of two of the state's counties to back the Democratic candidate, alongside neighboring Hudson County. In the 2017 gubernatorial election, Democrat Phil Murphy received 79.5% (129,470 votes cast) to Republican Kim Guandano's 18.8% (30,633 votes cast). In the 2021 gubernatorial election, Democratic Governor Phil Murphy received 74.0% of the vote (132,520 votes) to Republican Jack Ciattarelli's 25.4% (45,542 votes), making it Murphy's strongest county.

Gubernatorial election results

Year	Republican	Democratic
1981	57.9% 129,969	41.1% 92,185
1985	31.2% 56,694	67.0% 121,685
1989	68.9% 131,835	29.9% 57,206
1993	58.7%	39.6%
1997	61.2% 120,429	35.3% 69,470
2001	71.9% 129,406	27.0% 48,540
2005	72.7% 131,312	25.4% 45,789
2009	67.2% 122,640	27.5% 50,240
2013	61.8% 95,747	37% 57,353
2017	79.5% 129,470	18.8% 30,633
2021	74.3% 132,520	25.6% 45,542

Education

Higher education

Essex County has five public and five private institutions. Another private college closed in 1995.

Public

• Essex County College – a two-year community college that offers A.A., A.S., and A.A.S. degrees, the school opened in 1968. The school's main campus is in the University Heights section of Newark, with a satellite campus in West Caldwell.^[89]
• Montclair State University – founded in 1908, the school serves more than 20,000 students at its campus covering Montclair, Little Falls and Clifton.^[90]
• New Jersey Institute of Technology (NJIT) – located in Newark's University Heights section, the school was established in 1881 as Newark Technical School, the school has a total enrollment of 11,400 undergraduate and graduate students.^[91]
• Rutgers University–Newark – the school has an enrollment of 12,000 and dates back to the 1908 establishment of the New Jersey Law School which became a part of Rutgers University under legislation that incorporated the University of Newark into Rutgers.^[92]
• New Jersey Medical School – dates back to its establishment in Newark in 1956 as the Seton Hall College of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey, and became part of Rutgers University in 2013.^[93]

Private

• Berkeley College – Newark^[94]
• Bloomfield College – located Bloomfield and founded in 1868.^[95]
• Caldwell University – founded in 1939 as a Catholic liberal arts college by the Sisters of Saint Dominic, the school has 2,200 students at its campus in Caldwell.^[96][97]
• Seton Hall University –founded in 1856 and affiliated with the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Newark, the school has more than 10,000 students enrolled on its campus in South Orange.^[98]
• Seton Hall University School of Law – located in Newark, it is the state's only private law school.^[99]
• Upsala College (defunct) – founded in 1893, the school moved in 1924 to East Orange and closed in 1995. It is now the site of East Orange Campus High School, which opened in 2002.^[100]

School districts

School districts in Essex County include:^{[101][102][103][104]}

K-12

• Belleville School District
• Bloomfield Public Schools
• Caldwell-West Caldwell Public Schools – Consolidated
• Cedar Grove Schools
• East Orange School District
• Essex County Vocational Technical Schools
• Glen Ridge Public Schools
• Irvington Public Schools
• Livingston Public Schools
• Millburn Township Public Schools
• Montclair Public Schools
• Newark Public Schools
• Nutley Public Schools
• Orange Board of Education
• South Orange-Maplewood School District – Consolidated
• Verona Public Schools
• West Orange Public Schools

Secondary

• West Essex Regional School District

Elementary

• Essex Fells School District
• Fairfield School District
• North Caldwell Public Schools
• Roseland School District

Transportation

Roads and highways

 

Garden State Parkway southbound entering Essex County

As of 2010^[update], the county had a total of 1,667.98 miles (2,684.35 km) of roadways, of which 1,375.06 miles (2,212.94 km) are maintained by the local municipality, 213.12 miles (342.98 km) by Essex County and 60.68 miles (97.65 km) by the New Jersey Department of Transportation and 19.12 miles (30.77 km) by the New Jersey Turnpike Authority.^[105]

Essex County is traversed by a number of highways. Three primary interstates and one auxiliary cross the county. This includes two long distance main interstates, one north–south (Interstate 95) from Miami and New Brunswick, Canada signed as the New Jersey Turnpike and one east–west Interstate 80 from San Francisco and Teaneck. East-West Interstate 78 from near Harrisburg and New York City also crosses the county. All of these only have interchanges in one municipality in the county, Newark for I-95 and I-78 and Fairfield for I-80. Interstate 280 passes through the county in a northeast–southwest direction and has exits in Roseland, Livingston, West Orange, Orange, East Orange and Newark, making it one of the most important roads for intracounty travel.

Essex County also has four U.S. Routes that cross it. Route 1/9 are concurrent and a freeway throughout their length in the county. They pass through Newark from Elizabeth in Union County to Kearny in Hudson County. It crosses over the Passaic River on the Pulaski Skyway, which bans trucks, so just before it leaves the county in the north Truck 1/9 splits for the traffic that is not allowed on the bridge. Truck 1/9 is also a freeway its entire length in the county. U.S. Route 22 eastern terminus is in Newark the only municipality it crosses in the county. It is a freeway along it route in Essex County. It connects Newark with points to the east. The last U.S. Route in the county is U.S. Route 46, which passes through Fairfield, where it is a major commercial road that parallels Interstate 80.

The most important state road in the county is the Garden State Parkway which passes north–south through the county, connecting Union Township in the south in Union County to Clifton in the north in Passaic County.^[106] It is a toll road, a freeway, and bans trucks of more than 7,000 pounds during its entire length in the county. It has one interchange in Irvington, one in Newark, two in East Orange, and four in Bloomfield.^[107] Outside the county, it is the longest road of any kind in the state.

New Jersey Route 7 is a major arterial road in Nutley and Belleville. It has two discontinuous sections. The southern section starts at an overpass for Route 21 and passes over the Belleville Turnpike Bridge into border between Hudson and Bergen counties. The northern section starts at the Newark/Belleville border passes through Belleville and Nutley until in crosses into Clifton.

Other highways in the county include:

• Route 10
• Route 21
• Route 23
• Route 24
• Route 27 (only in Newark)
• Route 124
• Route 159
• Eisenhower Parkway

Buses

There are many buses that operate around the county, with NJ Transit (NJT) headquarters located just behind Newark Penn Station, a transit hub in the eastern part of the county.^[108] There are two major bus terminals in the county, Newark Penn Station and the Irvington Bus Terminal.^[109] DeCamp Bus Lines, Community Coach, and OurBus operate buses from Essex County to the Port Authority Bus Terminal in New York City. Some of the NJ Transit bus lines follow former streetcar lines.

Rail

Essex County has a large rail network, but most train service is geared toward the heavily utilized Newark/New York City commute. All of the passenger rail lines in the county are electrified, although many trains that continue on to non-electrified lines use dual-mode or diesel push-pull locomotives.

Commuter rail

NJ Transit has five lines that make stops in the county. All of them stop at either Newark Penn Station or Newark Broad Street Station. The Northeast Corridor Line from Trenton with connections from Philadelphia's 30th Street Station, Camden, and Princeton has stops at Newark Airport and Newark Penn Stations before continuing to Secaucus Junction and New York Penn Station.^[110] The North Jersey Coast Line from Bay Head or Long Branch also stops at Newark Airport and Newark Penn Stations before continuing to Secaucus Junction and New York Penn Station or Hoboken Terminal.^[111] The Raritan Valley Line from High Bridge usually terminates in Newark Penn Station, but mid-day trains continue to New York and one eastbound morning train terminates at Hoboken Terminal.^[112]

The Montclair-Boonton Line from Hackettstown or Little Falls has six stations in Montclair, one in Glen Ridge, and two in Bloomfield before reaching Newark Broad Street Station and continuing to Secaucus Junction and New York Penn Station or Hoboken Terminal.^[113] The Morris and Essex Lines from Hackettstown and Peapack-Gladstone has two stops in Millburn, one in Maplewood, and two each in South Orange, Orange and East Orange before reaching Newark Broad Street and continuing to Secaucus Junction and New York Penn Station or Hoboken Terminal.^[114]

Light rail

 

Broad Street station of Newark Light Rail

The Newark Light Rail is completely contained within the county. It has 17 stations in Newark, Belleville, and Bloomfield and also operates out of Newark Penn Station. It is composed of two lines: the Newark City Subway and the Broad Street Extension.^[115]

The Newark City Subway is the only survivor of the many street car lines that once crossed New Jersey, although it no longer uses street cars. It survived in part because it does not include street running, instead following the abandoned Morris Canal right of way before going underground. It has one station in Bloomfield and one in Belleville on the old Orange Branch of the New York & Greenwood Lake Service of the Erie Railroad before entering Newark and turning onto the Morris Canal right of way. From there it follows Branch Brook Park before turning into downtown Newark as a subway. It has nine stops in Newark before terminating in Newark Penn Station.

The Broad Street Extension was built to provide connections between Newark Penn Station and Newark Broad Street Station and service to the waterfront of Newark. Leaving Penn Station, the line comes up from the subway and runs on streets or at grade for most of its length. It stops at NJPAC/Center Street, Atlantic Street, and Riverfront Stadium before reaching Broad Street Station. From Broad Street it takes a different route stopping at Washington Park and NJPAC/Center Street before arriving at Penn Station.

Rapid transit

The PATH also operates out of Newark Penn Station. It has direct service to Harrison, Jersey City, and Lower Manhattan. With a free transfer, the PATH also provides service to Hoboken, as well as Greenwich Village, Chelsea, and Midtown Manhattan.^[116]

Intercity rail

Amtrak has two stations in the county, Newark Penn Station and Newark Airport, both on the Northeast Corridor. Newark Penn Station has service on the only high speed train in the Western Hemisphere, the Acela Express, to Boston, Philadelphia, Baltimore, and Washington, D.C. Newark Penn Station also offers services on the Cardinal to Chicago; Carolinian to Charlotte; Crescent to New Orleans; Keystone Service to Harrisburg; Palmetto to Charleston; Pennsylvanian to Pittsburgh; Northeast Regional to Newport News, Norfolk, and Lynchburg; Silver Star and Silver Meteor to Miami; and Vermonter to St. Albans all with intermediate stops. Newark Airport is served by Northeast Regional and Keystone Service trains.

Monorail

Newark Liberty International Airport has a monorail called AirTrain Newark that connects the terminals, four parking areas, and the Newark Liberty International Airport Station on the Northeast Corridor. The monorail is free except for service to and from the train station.^[117]

Airports

Newark Liberty International Airport is a major commercial airport located in the southeast section of the county in Newark and Elizabeth in Union County. It is one of the New York Metropolitan airports operated by Port Authority of New York and New Jersey. It is a hub for United Airlines. It is also a leading cargo airport and is a hub for FedEx Express and Kalitta Air.

The Essex County Airport in Fairfield is a general aviation airport.^[118]

Ports

Port Newark-Elizabeth Marine Terminal is a major component of the Port of New York and New Jersey. Located on the Newark Bay it serves as the principal container ship facility for goods entering and leaving New York-Newark metropolitan area, and the northeastern quadrant of North America. It consists of two components – Port Newark and the Elizabeth Marine Terminal (sometimes called "Port Elizabeth") – which exist side by side and are run conjointly by the Port Authority of New York and New Jersey. The facility is located within the boundaries of the two cities of Newark and Elizabeth, just east of the New Jersey Turnpike and Newark Liberty International Airport.^[119]

Bridges

Several important or noteworthy bridges currently or historically exist at least partially in the county. Most of them cross Newark Bay or the Passaic River into Hudson or Bergen counties. The Newark Bay Bridge carries Interstate 78 over Newark Bay from Newark to Bayonne and is currently the most southern bridge crossing the bay. The Upper Bay Bridge, a vertical-lift bridge located just north of the Newark Bay Bridge, carries a freight train line over the bay from Newark to Bayonne.

The PD Draw is an abandoned and partially dismantled railroad bridge across the Passaic River from Newark to Kearny. The Lincoln Highway Passaic River Bridge carries Truck 1/9 across the Passaic River and is currently the southernmost crossing of the river before it reaches the bay. It is a vertical-lift bridge and was the route that the Lincoln Highway used to cross the river. The Pulaski Skyway, the most famous bridge entirely in New Jersey, carries Route 1/9 across the Passaic River, Kearny Point, and the Hackensack River from Newark through Kearny to Jersey City.

The Point-No-Point Bridge is a railroad swing bridge that carries a freight line across the Passaic River between Newark and Kearny. The Jackson Street Bridge is a historic vehicular swing bridge across the Passaic from Newark to Harrison. The Dock Bridge, listed on the National Register of Historic Places carries four tracks of the Northeast Corridor rail line and two tracks of the PATH on two vertical lift spans from Newark Penn Station to Harrison.

The Center Street Bridge is a former railroad, rapid transit, and road bridge connecting Newark and Harrison. The Bridge Street Bridge is another vehicular swing bridge across the Passaic from Newark to Harrison, as is the Clay Street Bridge, a swing bridge that connects Newark and East Newark.

Municipalities

 

Index map of Essex County municipalities (click to see index key)

 

Interactive map of municipalities in Essex County.

The 22 municipalities in Essex County (with 2010 Census data for population, housing units and area in square miles) are:^[120] Other, unincorporated communities in the county are listed next to their parent municipality. Most of these areas are census-designated places that have been created by the United States Census Bureau for enumeration purposes within a Township. Other communities and enclaves that exist within a municipality are marked as non-CDP next to the name.

Municipality	Map key	Municipal type	Population	Housing units	Total area	Water area	Land area	Pop. density	Housing density	Unincorporated communities
Belleville	15	township	35,926	14,327	3.40	0.06	3.34	10,755.7	4,289.3	Silver Lake CDP, part (3,769)
Bloomfield	13	township	47,315	19,470	5.33	0.02	5.30	8,920.5	3,670.7	Brookdale CDP (9,239) Silver Lake CDP, part (474)
Caldwell	6	borough	7,822	3,510	1.17	0.00	1.17	6,710.3	3,011.1
Cedar Grove	10	township	12,411	4,661	4.38	0.13	4.25	2,918.6	1,096.1
East Orange	2	city	64,270	28,803	3.92	0.00	3.92	16,377.1	7,339.5
Essex Fells	5	borough	2,113	758	1.42	0.01	1.41	1,496.3	536.8
Fairfield	8	township	7,466	2,723	10.46	0.16	10.30	725.1	264.5
Glen Ridge	3	borough	7,527	2,541	1.29	0.00	1.28	5,872.8	1,982.6
Irvington	22	township	53,926	23,196	2.93	0.00	2.93	18,417.0	7,922.0
Livingston	18	township	29,366	10,284	14.08	0.31	13.77	2,132.8	746.9
Maplewood	20	township	23,867	8,608	3.88	0.00	3.88	6,155.3	2,220.0
Millburn	19	township	20,149	7,106	9.88	0.55	9.32	2,161.3	762.2	Short Hills CDP (13,165)
Montclair	12	township	37,669	15,911	6.32	0.01	6.31	5,971.2	2,522.2	Upper Montclair CDP (11,565)
Newark	1	city	277,140	109,520	26.11	1.92	24.19	11,458.3	4,528.1
North Caldwell	7	borough	6,183	2,134	3.02	0.00	3.01	2,053.2	708.6
Nutley	14	township	28,370	11,789	3.43	0.04	3.38	8,384.1	3,484.0
Orange	16	township	30,134	12,222	2.20	0.00	2.20	13,705.7	5,558.9
Roseland	4	borough	5,819	2,432	3.56	0.02	3.54	1,644.4	687.3
South Orange	21	township	16,198	5,815	2.86	0.00	2.86	5,672.8	2,036.5
Verona	11	township	13,332	5,523	2.78	0.02	2.76	4,838.4	2,004.4
West Caldwell	9	township	10,759	4,009	5.07	0.01	5.05	2,128.5	793.1
West Orange	17	township	46,207	17,612	12.17	0.13	12.05	3,836.0	1,462.1
Essex County		county	783,969	312,954	129.63	3.42	126.21	6,211.5	2,479.6

Secession

The municipalities of western Essex County have discussed secession from the county, to create a new county or be annexed to Morris County, spurred mainly by a belief that tax policy benefits the poorer, urban, eastern portions of the county at the expense of the wealthier, more suburban municipalities in the west of the county. From 2001 to 2003, Millburn, Montclair and Roseland all held nonbinding ballot referendums on the issue. Then-Montclair mayor Robert J. Russo gave a statement in 2003 about secession, "I've watched Essex County burden our people, with very little to show for it. We're fiscally conservative here and socially progressive -- and we're finally rebelling."^[121]

Points of interest

Essex County was the first county in the United States to have its own parks department.^[122] It is called the Essex County Park System.

• Anderson Park Montclair
• Becker Park, Roseland
• Branch Brook Park, Newark / Belleville (the country's oldest county park)
• Brookdale Park, Montclair / Bloomfield
• Crane House Site Boulder Monument, corner of Valley Road and Claremont Ave, Montclair; formerly the smallest park in the world, now #2.
• Eagle Rock Reservation, West Orange / Montclair
• Glenfield Park, Montclair / Glen Ridge
• Grover Cleveland Park, Caldwell / Essex Fells
• Hilltop Reservation, Caldwell / Cedar Grove / North Caldwell / Verona
• Irvington Park, Irvington
• Ivy Hill Park, Newark
• Kip's Castle Park, Verona / Montclair
• Mills Reservation, Cedar Grove / Upper Montclair
• Orange Park, Orange / East Orange
• South Mountain Reservation, West Orange / South Orange / Millburn / Maplewood
• Vailsburg Park, Newark
• Thomas Edison National Historical Park, West Orange
• Verona Park, Verona
• Watsessing Park, Bloomfield / East Orange
• Weequahic Park, Newark
• West Essex Park, West Caldwell / Roseland
• West Side Park, Newark
• Yanticaw Park, Nutley

• Prudential Center, Newark. Opened in 2007, home of the New Jersey Devils of the National Hockey League and the Seton Hall University men's basketball team. It was formerly the home of the New Jersey Nets from 2010 until 2012.
• The Mall at Short Hills, Short Hills, Milburn. Opened in 1961, is 10 miles west from Newark Liberty International Airport.
• Livingston Mall, Livingston.
• Christ Church Cemetery & Mausoleum, Belleville. This cemetery was originally the first Episcopal Church in the area, established in 1746 by a land grant signed by King George II. The original burial ground still exists today, accompanied by a newer mausoleum.^[123]
• Saint Stephen's Cemetery & The Chapel at Short Hills, Short Hills. Saint Stephen's Cemetery has been serving NJ residents since 1858. The Chapel at Short Hills was later added to accommodate above-ground burials.^[124]

There are various attractions in Essex County, such as The Newark Museum of Art, New Jersey Historical Society, Montclair Art Museum, Turtle Back Zoo,^[125] Thomas Edison National Historical Park,^[126] and Grover Cleveland Birthplace.^[127] Essex County is home to part of the Port Newark–Elizabeth Marine Terminal, the largest port on the East Coast and the third largest in the United States,^[128] and two airports: Newark Liberty International Airport and Essex County Airport.^[129]

See also

•  New Jersey portal

• National Register of Historic Places listings in Essex County, New Jersey
• Essex County Resource Recovery Facility

References

1. "2020 Census Demographic Data Map Viewer". US Census Bureau. Retrieved August 12, 2021.
2. Snyder, John P. The Story of New Jersey's Civil Boundaries: 1606–1968, Bureau of Geology and Topography; Trenton, New Jersey; 1969. p. 125. Accessed June 6, 2012.
3. New Jersey County Map, New Jersey Department of State. Accessed December 22, 2022.
4. Annual and Cumulative Estimates of Resident Population Change for Counties in New Jersey and County Rankings: April 1, 2020 to July 1, 2021, United States Census Bureau. Accessed June 1, 2022.
5. Table1. New Jersey Counties and Most Populous Cities and Townships: 2020 and 2010 Censuses, New Jersey Department of Labor and Workforce Development. Accessed December 1, 2022.
6. QuickFacts Essex County, New Jersey, United States Census Bureau. Accessed December 27, 2022.
7. Total Population: Census 2010 - Census 2020 New Jersey Municipalities, New Jersey Department of Labor and Workforce Development. Accessed December 1, 2022.
8. DP1 – Profile of General Population and Housing Characteristics: 2010 Demographic Profile Data for Essex County, New Jersey, United States Census Bureau. Accessed March 25, 2016.
9. Wu, Sen-Yuan. NJ Labor Market Views; Population Keeps Growing in the Most Densely Populated State, United States Census Bureau, March 15, 2011. Accessed December 26, 2022.
10. DP-1 - Profile of General Demographic Characteristics: 2000 Summary File 1 (SF 1) 100-Percent Data for Essex County, New Jersey, United States Census Bureau. Accessed June 6, 2012.
11. [lwd.dol.state.nj.us/labor/lpa/industry/incpov/highcnty.xls 250 Highest Per Capita Personal Incomes available for 3113 counties in the United States: 2015], New Jersey Department of Labor and Workforce Development. Accessed October 24, 2017.
12. Local Area Personal Income: 2015 October 15, 2017, at the Wayback Machine, Bureau of Economic Analysis. Accessed October 24, 2017.
13. . Archived from the original on July 22, 2011. Retrieved December 12, 2011.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (link), Bureau of Economic Analysis, backed uo by the Internet Archive as of July 22, 2011. Accessed September 9, 2012.
14. Kane, Joseph Nathan; and Aiken, Charles Curry. The American Counties: Origins of County Names, Dates of Creation, and Population Data, 1950–2000, p. 95. Scarecrow Press, 2005. ISBN 0810850362. Accessed January 21, 2013.
15. Staff. "Census 2010 data show population and diversity trends" October 5, 2013, at the Wayback Machine, USA Today. Accessed October 4, 2013. Click on "Population per Square Mile" to sort counties nationwide by descending population density."
16. GCT-PH1: Population, Housing Units, Area, and Density: 2010 – County – County Subdivision and Place from the 2010 Census Summary File 1 for Essex County, New Jersey, United States Census Bureau. Accessed June 6, 2012.
17. Italian Communities 2007-05-12 at the Wayback Machine, EPodunk. Accessed October 4, 2013.
18. Roberts, Sam. "Biggest Urban Growth Is in South and West", June 28, 2007. Accessed November 13, 2007.
19. Census data for Newark, New Jersey, accessed November 14, 2006
20. Newark city, New Jersey – Fact Sheet – American FactFinder
21. Wang, Katie. "County reports largest drop is in violent crime", The Star-Ledger, October 17, 2007. Accessed November 13, 2007. "For the second year in a row, overall crime in Essex County dropped by 10 percent, according to the annual crime statistics released by the State Police yesterday. The county saw the biggest drops in violent crime in 2006, particularly in robberies and aggravated assaults. Those incidents dropped by 6 percent and 7 percent respectively."
22. Total Crime Rate for US Cities, 1995: Population 40,000+, accessed November 14, 2006
23. Crime in the Cities, New Jersey State Police. Accessed November 14, 2006
24. Jones, Richard G. "The Crime Rate Drops, and a City Credits Its Embrace of Surveillance Technology", The New York Times, May 29, 2007. Accessed November 11, 2007.
25. Lueck, Thomas J. "As Newark Mayor Readies Crime Fight, Toll Rises", The New York Times, January 8, 2007. Accessed October 6, 2007. "For all of 2006, the police said, Newark had 104 homicides, far below its record of 161 in 1981, but more than in any other year since 1995."
26. About Us, The Mall at Short Hills. Accessed May 10, 2015.
27. "Census.gov". Accessed June 11, 2018.
28. "Census.gov". Accessed June 11, 2018.
29. Accomando, Peter R. and Liebau, Michelle M. , Parks and Recreation, March 1995. Accessed May 26, 2007. "This picturesque scheme amid the bustling cityscape of Newark is Branch Brook Park, the largest park in Essex County and the first county park in the United States."
30. Parrillo, Rosemary. "The Locations", The Star-Ledger, March 4, 2001. Accessed October 4, 2013.
31. Census 2010 U.S. Gazetteer Files: New Jersey Counties, United States Census Bureau. Accessed May 10, 2015.
32. New Jersey County High Points, Peakbagger.com. Accessed October 4, 2013.
33. Monthly Averages for Newark, New Jersey, The Weather Channel. Accessed August 25, 2014.
34. Forstall, Richard L. Population of states and counties of the United States: 1790 to 1990 from the Twenty-one Decennial Censuses, pp. 108–109. United States Census Bureau, March 1996. ISBN 9780934213486. Accessed October 3, 2013.
35. New Jersey: 2010 - Population and Housing Unit Counts; 2010 Census of Population and Housing, p. 6, CPH-2-32. United States Census Bureau, August 2012. Accessed August 29, 2016.
36. at the Wayback Machine (archived 2008-07-06), United States Census Bureau, backed up by the Internet Archive as of July 6, 2008. Accessed October 4, 2013.
37. (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on February 13, 2006. Retrieved November 28, 2007., National Jewish Population Survey. Accessed May 11, 2006.
38. Local Area Gross Domestic Product, 2018, Bureau of Economic Analysis, released December 12, 2019. Accessed December 12, 2019.
39. Rinde, Meir. "Explainer: What's a Freeholder? NJ's Unusual County Government System", NJ Spotlight, October 27, 2015. Accessed October 26, 2017. "Five counties -- Atlantic, Bergen, Essex, Hudson, and Mercer -- opted for popularly elected county executives in addition to freeholder boards."
40. Definition of the County Commissioners, Essex County, New Jersey. Accessed October 22, 2017.
41. County Directory, Essex County, New Jersey. Accessed May 1, 2022.
42. Definition of a Freeholder, Essex County, New Jersey. Accessed September 25, 2017.
43. Gallo Jr., Bill. "Which N.J. county freeholders are paid the most?", NJ.com, March 11, 2016. Accessed October 25, 2017. "Freeholder president: $38,211; Other freeholders: $37,249"
44. Lagerkvist, Mark. "Double-dipping tricks cost millions in NJ's Essex County; To find double-dippers in New Jersey's Essex County, taxpayers only need look up. Three top county officials have pocketed more than $2.8 million in retirement pay in addition to their six-figure salaries.", New Jersey Watchdog, August 31, 2015. Accessed October 26, 2017. "'Joe D,' as he is widely known, gets two checks for one job – $161,615 in salary as county executive plus $68,861 from pension as retired county executive."
45. Essex County Executive, Essex County, New Jersey. Accessed June 20, 2022.
46. Mazzola, Jessica. "Political power player to seek 5th term", NJ Advance Media for NJ.com, December 8, 2017. Accessed March 8, 2018. "Essex County Executive Joseph DiVincenzo is looking for another four years. The Democratic heavy hitter is expected to announce Monday his reelection bid to a fifth term in the county's top seat."
47. Members of the Board, Essex County, New Jersey. Accessed March 8, 2018.
48. Breakdown of Commissioner Districts, Essex County, New Jersey. Accessed June 20, 2022.
49. 2021 County Data Sheet, Essex County, New Jersey. Accessed June 20, 2022.
50. November 3, 2020, General Election Unofficial Results, Essex County, New Jersey, updated November 19, 2020. Accessed January 1, 2021.
51. Robert Mercado, Essex County, New Jersey. Accessed June 20, 2022.
52. Wayne L. Richardson, Essex County, New Jersey. Accessed June 20, 2022.
53. Tyshammie L. Cooper, Freeholder District 3, Essex County, New Jersey. Accessed June 20, 2022.
54. Leonard M. Luciano, Essex County, New Jersey. Accessed June 20, 2022.
55. Carlos M. Pomares, Essex County, New Jersey. Accessed June 20, 2022.
56. Brendan W. Gill, Essex County, New Jersey. Accessed June 20, 2022.
57. Romaine Graham, Essex County, New Jersey. Accessed June 20, 2022.
58. Rufus I. Johnson, Essex County, New Jersey. Accessed March 8, 2018.
59. Lebby C. Jones, Freeholder At-Large, Essex County, New Jersey. Accessed March 8, 2018.
60. Patricia Sebold, Essex County, New Jersey. Accessed June 20, 2022.
61. "Graham chosen to fill Lebby Jones’ vacant freeholder seat", Essex News Daily, February 24, 2019. Accessed June 20, 2022. "Irvington Board of Education President Romaine Graham has been appointed to fill the seat left vacant on the Essex County Board of Chosen Freeholders by former Freeholder Lebby Jones, who died of cancer Wednesday, Jan. 9."
62. November 5, 2019, General Election Unofficial Results, Essex County, New Jersey, updated November 14, 2019. Accessed January 1, 2020.
63. New Jersey State Constitution (1947), Article VII, Section II, Paragraph 2, New Jersey Department of State. Accessed June 20, 2022.
64. History of Registers, Constitutional Officers Association of New Jersey. Accessed June 20, 2022. "A Register of Deeds is an elected County Statutory Officer who is responsible for recording, filing, and preserving all property transactions within the municipalities of the County in which they serve.... There are presently 2 out of 21 Counties in the State of New Jersey where the Office of Register of Deeds exists (Essex and Hudson Counties). In the other 19 Counties the functions of the Register are under the jurisdiction of the County Clerk."
65. About The Clerk, Essex County Clerk. Accessed June 20, 2022.
66. Clerks, Constitutional Officers Association of New Jersey. Accessed June 20, 2022.
67. Armando B. Fontura, Essex County Sheriff's Office. Accessed June 20, 2022.
68. Sheriffs, Constitutional Officers Association of New Jersey. Accessed June 20, 2022.
69. About the Surrogate, Essex County Surrogate's Court. Accessed June 20, 2022.
70. Surrogates, Constitutional Officers Association of New Jersey. Accessed June 20, 2022.
71. About the Register, Essex County Register of Deeds and Mortgages. Accessed June 20, 2022. "The Essex County Register is an elected, statutory officer who is responsible under the law for recording, filing, and preserving all property transactions within the 22 municipalities of the County. Registers serve five-year terms."
72. Registers, Constitutional Officers Association of New Jersey. Accessed June 20, 2022.
73. Meet The Prosecutor, Essex County Prosecutor's Office. Accessed June 29, 2022.
74. [1], New Jersey Courts. Accessed October 22, 2017.
75. [2], New Jersey Redistricting Commission, December 23, 2021. Accessed November 5, 2022.
76. Directory of Representatives: New Jersey, United States House of Representatives. Accessed January 3, 2019.
77. Biography, Congressman Albio Sires. Accessed January 3, 2019. "Congressman Sires resides in West New York with his wife, Adrienne."
78. Directory of Representatives: New Jersey, United States House of Representatives. Accessed January 3, 2019.
79. Biography, Congressman Donald M. Payne Jr. Accessed January 3, 2019. "U.S. Representative Donald M. Payne, Jr. is a lifelong resident of Newark, New Jersey."
80. Directory of Representatives: New Jersey, United States House of Representatives. Accessed January 3, 2019.
81. "Municipalities | Essex County Register of Deeds and Mortgages". Retrieved May 7, 2021.
82. "New Jersey Legislative Roster of Members | NJ Legislature". New Jersey Legislature. Retrieved January 12, 2022.
83. In the Matter of County Police Officers, Essex County Sheriff's Office, New Jersey Department of State, decided April 11, 2007. Accessed September 25, 2017. "Subsequently, in June 2006, the Essex County Sheriff (Sheriff) promulgated an order to consolidate the functions of the County Police with the Sheriff's Office."
84. Public Safety 2018-09-06 at the Wayback Machine, Essex County College. Accessed March 7, 2018.
85. Correal, Annie; Gold, Michael (May 1, 2021). "After Years of Protests, a New Jersey County Ends Its ICE Jail Contract". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved October 31, 2021.
86. David Leip's Presidential Atlas (Maps for New Jersey by election)
87. Statewide Voter Registration Summary as of October 1, 2021, New Jersey Department of State. Accessed July 28, 2022.
88. Leip, David. "Dave Leip's Atlas of U.S. Presidential Elections". uselectionatlas.org. Retrieved June 9, 2018.
89. About, Essex County College. Accessed November 29, 2015. "The main campus is located in the heart of University Heights in Newark, New Jersey. Our urban campus covers three city blocks and houses high tech classrooms with advanced teaching modalities and state-of-the-art laboratories. We also have the West Essex campus located in West Caldwell, New Jersey, which meets the educational and training needs of people who live and work in the western part of Essex County."
90. At a Glance, Montclair State University. Accessed November 29, 2015.
91. Quick Facts About NJIT, New Jersey Institute of Technology. Accessed December 10, 2019.
92. 2013 Fact Sheet 2013-12-18 at the Wayback Machine, Rutgers University–Newark. Accessed November 29, 2015.
93. Timeline, New Jersey Medical School. Accessed November 29, 2015.
94. Newark, Berkeley College. Accessed November 29, 2015.
95. Bloomfield College At a Glance, Bloomfield College. Accessed November 29, 2015.
96. About Caldwell, Caldwell University. Accessed November 29, 2015.
97. History, Caldwell University. Accessed November 30, 2015.
98. Fast Facts About Seton Hall, Seton Hall University. Accessed November 29, 2015.
99. About, Seton Hall University School of Law. Accessed November 29, 2015.
100. School Profile 2009–2010, East Orange Campus High School. Accessed November 29, 2015. "East Orange Campus High School was opened in 2002, resulting from the merging of the former Clifford Scott High School and East Orange High School. The school is located in the largest building of the refurbished campus of Upsala College and has been expanded to accommodate increased demand for enrollment."
101. New Jersey School Directory for Essex County, New Jersey Department of Education. Accessed August 1, 2022.
102. Search for Public School Districts in Essex County, New Jersey, National Center for Education Statistics. Accessed August 1, 2022.
103. 2020 Census School District Reference Map for Essex County, NJ, United States Census Bureau. Accessed August 23, 2022.
104. 2020 Census School District Reference List for Essex County, NJ, United States Census Bureau. Accessed August 23, 2022.
105. Essex County Mileage by Municipality and Jurisdiction, New Jersey Department of Transportation, May 2010. Accessed July 18, 2014.
106. Garden State Parkway Straight Line Diagram, New Jersey Department of Transportation, January 1997. Accessed August 25, 2014.
107. Travel Resources: Interchanges, Service Areas & Commuter Lots, New Jersey Turnpike Authority. Accessed August 25, 2014.
108. Annual Notice of Board Meetings, NJ Transit. Accessed October 22, 2017. "Unless otherwise indicated, meetings will be held at NJ TRANSIT's Corporate Headquarters in Newark, New Jersey. The meetings will convene at 9:00 a.m. in the Board Room at NJ TRANSIT's Headquarters, One Penn Plaza East, Ninth Floor, Newark, New Jersey."
109. Essex County System Map, NJ Transit. Accessed October 22, 2017.
110. Northeast Corridor, NJ Transit. Accessed June 20, 2014.
111. North Jersey Coast Line, NJ Transit. Accessed June 20, 2014.
112. Raritan Valley Line October 15, 2013, at the Wayback Machine, NJ Transit. Accessed June 20, 2014.
113. Morristown Line, NJ Transit. Accessed June 20, 2014.
114. Montclair-Boonton Line, NJ Transit. Accessed June 20, 2014.
115. Newark Light Rail System Map, NJ Transit. Accessed February 27, 2022.
116. PATH System Map, Port Authority Trans-Hudson. Accessed June 20, 2014.
117. AirTrain Newark, Newark Liberty International Airport. Accessed June 20, 2014.
118. Home Page, Essex County Airport. Accessed June 20, 2014.
119. Home Page, Port Newark Container Terminal. Accessed June 20, 2014.
120. GCT-PH1: Population, Housing Units, Area, and Density: 2010 – County – County Subdivision and Place from the 2010 Census Summary File 1 for Essex County, New Jersey, United States Census Bureau. Accessed August 25, 2014.
121. Pearce, Jeremy. "In Essex County, Secession Gathers Momentum", The New York Times, September 7, 2003. Accessed September 23, 2016. "Montclair and Roseland both have decided to test the winds for revolution. In November, each community plans to put the secession issue before the public, in the form of a nonbinding referendum. Two years ago, Millburn posed a similar question and was bowled over at the response: 88 percent of voters agreed that the town should take steps toward leaving Essex for neighboring Morris County."
122. Essex County parks history, Essex County, New Jersey. Accessed August 23, 2007.
123. Christ Church Cemetery & Mausoleum
124. Saint Stephen's Cemetery & The Chapel at Short Hills
125. Saputo, Rocco. "Essex County - Top 9 Activities". New Jersey 101.5. Townsquare Media, Inc. Retrieved October 28, 2018.
126. "Thomas A. Edison Laboratories, Main Street & Lakeside Avenue, West Orange, Essex County, NJ". Library of Congress. Retrieved October 28, 2018.
127. "Essex County Holiday House Tour". MyVeronaNJ.com. December 2011. Retrieved October 28, 2018.
128. . JayCashman.com. Archived from the original on October 28, 2018. Retrieved October 28, 2018.
129. "Essex County Public and Private Airports, New Jersey". TollFreeAirline.com. Retrieved October 28, 2018.

External links

• Official website