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DShK

February 03, 2024

The DShK 1938 (Cyrillic: ДШК, for Russian: Дегтярёва-Шпагина Крупнокалиберный, romanized: Degtyaryova-Shpagina Krupnokaliberny, "Degtyaryov-Shpagin large-calibre") is a Soviet heavy machine gun. The weapon may be vehicle mounted or used on a tripod or wheeled carriage as a heavy infantry machine gun. The DShK's name is derived from its original designer, Vasily Degtyaryov, and Georgi Shpagin, who later improved the cartridge feed mechanism. It is sometimes nicknamed Dushka (a dear or beloved person) in Russian-speaking countries, from the abbreviation.[15]

DShK
TypeHeavy machine gun
Place of originSoviet Union
Service history
In service1938–present
Used bySee Users
Wars
Production history
DesignerVasily Degtyaryov
Georgi Shpagin
Designed1938
ManufacturerTula Arms Plant
Unit costUS$2,250 (2012)
Produced1938–1980 (Soviet Union)
No. built1,000,000
VariantsDShK 38/46
Type 54
Specifications
Mass34 kg (74 lb 15 oz) (gun only) 157 kg (346 lb 2 oz) on wheeled mounting
Length1,625 mm (5 ft 4.0 in)
Barrel length1,070 mm (42.1 in)
Cartridge12.7×108mm
12.7×99mm (Romania)[14]
ActionGas-operated, flapper locking
Rate of fire600 rounds/min
Muzzle velocity850 m/s (2,800 ft/s)
Effective firing range2,000 m (2,200 yd)
Maximum firing range2,500 m (2,700 yd)
Feed system50 round belt
SightsIron/optical

Specifications edit

The DShK is a belt-fed machine gun firing the 12.7×108mm cartridge, and uses a butterfly trigger.[16] Firing at 600 rounds per minute, it has an effective range of 2.4 km (1+1⁄2 mi), and can penetrate up to 20 mm of armor up to a range of 500 m.[17] The DShK has two "spider web" ring sights for use against aircraft. It is used by infantry on tripod mounts or deployed with a two-wheeled mounting and a single-sheet armor-plate shield. It is also mounted on tanks and armored vehicles for use against infantry and aircraft; nearly all Russian-designed tanks prior to the T-64 use the DShK.[18]

History edit

Requiring a heavy machine gun similar to the M2 Browning, development of the DShK began in the Soviet Union in 1929 and the first design was finalised by Vasily Degtyaryov in 1931.[17][19] The initial design used the same gas operation from the Degtyaryov machine gun, and used a 30 round drum magazine, but had a poor rate of fire. Georgy Shpagin revised the design by changing it to a belt-fed with a rotary-feed cylinder, and the new machine gun began production in 1938 as the DShK 1938.[17][20] The DShK and the American M2 Browning are the only .50 caliber machine guns designed prior to World War II that remain in service to the present day.[21]

During World War II, the DShK was used by the Red Army, with a total of 9,000 produced during the war.[17] It was used mostly in anti-aircraft roles on vehicles such as the GAZ-AA truck, IS-2 tank, ISU-152 self-propelled artillery, and the T-40 amphibious tank.[17] Similar to the PM M1910 Maxim, when deployed against infantry, the DShK was used with a two-wheeled trolley, with which the machine gun weighed a total of 346 pounds (157 kg).[22] In 1944, a much cheaper muzzle brake patterned after the Polish Wz. 35 anti-tank rifle was introduced instead of the complicated early design.[23] After 1945, the DShK was exported widely to other countries in the Eastern Bloc.[16]

In 1946, an improved variant was produced, with a revised muzzle and feeding system. Named the DShK 38/46 or DShK-M, over a million were produced from 1946-1980.[17] The gun was also revised to become more reliable, and easier to manufacture.[24] The new DShK was produced under license in Pakistan, Iran, Yugoslavia, Romania, Poland[25] and Czechoslovakia.[17] Czechoslovak variant, most often encountered on quads, is visually distinguishable by a rectangular muzzle brake.[26] China produced their own variant of the design, designated the Type 54.[27]

After World War II, DShKs were used widely by communist forces in Vietnam, starting with the Battle of Dien Bien Phu in 1954. While not as powerful as anti-aircraft cannons, the DShK was easier to smuggle through Vietnam, Cambodia and Laos.[17] DShKs were a major threat to American aircraft in the Vietnam War,[16] and of the 7,500 helicopters and fixed-wing aircraft lost during the war, most were destroyed by anti-aircraft guns including DShK.[17]

In June 1988, during The Troubles, a British Army Westland Lynx helicopter was hit 15 times by two Provisional IRA DShKs smuggled from Libya, and forced to crash-land near Cashel Lough Upper, south County Armagh.[28]

Rebel forces utilized DShKs in the Syrian civil war, often mounting the gun on cars. In 2012, the Syrian government claimed to have destroyed 40 such technicals on a highway in Aleppo and six in Dael.[29]

The DShK began to be partially replaced in the Soviet Union by the NSV machine gun in 1971, and the Kord machine gun in 1998.[21] The DShK remains in service, although it is no longer produced.[18]

The weapon was used by Ukrainian forces in the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine to shoot down Iranian-made Shahed-136 drones. The DShKs are fitted with a searchlight when attacking drones, which MANPADS have been unable to destroy. As many of the DShKs have been left over from the Soviet Union, they have been both cost-effective and one of the most reliable methods of destroying drones.[30][31][32]

Users edit

 
Map with DShK users in blue

Non-state users edit

Gallery edit

  •  
    A Romanian DShK chambered in 12.7×99mm NATO on display at Expomil 2005.
  •  
    A soldier with the Ukrainian Land Forces fires a DShKM
  •  
    DShKM TR-85M1
  •  
    DShKM URO VAMTAC
  •  
    DShK M1938
  •  
    DShKM anti-aircraft machine gun on a T-55 tank loader's roof hatch
  •  
    The M53 is an anti-aircraft mounting of four 12.7 mm heavy machine guns vz. 38/46 (Czech copy of Soviet DShKM)

See also edit

References edit

  1. ^ Neville, Leigh (19 Apr 2018). Technicals: Non-Standard Tactical Vehicles from the Great Toyota War to modern Special Forces. New Vanguard 257. Osprey Publishing. p. 15. ISBN 9781472822512. from the original on 26 October 2018. Retrieved 25 October 2018.
  2. ^ Fitzsimmons, Scott (November 2012). "Executive Outcomes Defeats UNITA". Mercenaries in Asymmetric Conflicts. Cambridge University Press. p. 217. doi:10.1017/CBO9781139208727.006. ISBN 9781107026919.
  3. ^ a b Francesco Palmas (2012). "Il contenzioso del sahara occidentale fra passato e presente" (PDF). Informazioni della Difesa (in Italian). No. 4. pp. 50–59. (PDF) from the original on 2018-06-12. Retrieved 2018-06-12.
  4. ^ Neville 2018, p. 16.
  5. ^ a b Neville 2018, p. 24.
  6. ^ Small Arms Survey (2005). . Small Arms Survey 2005: Weapons at War. Oxford University Press. p. 166. ISBN 978-0-19-928085-8. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2018-08-30. Retrieved 2018-08-29.
  7. ^ "Rwandan government soldiers fire 12 June 1994 heavy artillery at".
  8. ^ Neville 2018, p. 30.
  9. ^ Neville 2018, p. 35.
  10. ^ Neville 2018, p. 37.
  11. ^ a b Cherisey, Erwan de (July 2019). "El batallón de infantería "Badenya" de Burkina Faso en Mali - Noticias Defensa En abierto". Revista Defensa (in Spanish) (495–496).
  12. ^ Vining, Miles (May 7, 2018). "ISOF Arms & Equipment Part 3 – Machine Guns". armamentresearch.com. from the original on September 25, 2018. Retrieved October 1, 2018.
  13. ^ Neville 2018, p. 38.
  14. ^ "Cal.12.7 x 99 mm Machine Gun" (PDF). Cugir Arms Factory.
  15. ^ Green, Michael (2022). Red Army Weapons of the Second World War. Pen and Sword. p. 25.
  16. ^ a b c Larson, Caleb (2021-02-03). "The Soviet DShK Heavy Machine Gun Won't Go Away". The National Interest. Retrieved 2021-12-03.
  17. ^ a b c d e f g h i Roblin, Sebastien (2018-11-10). "How a Deadly Russian World War II .50 Caliber Machine Gun Blasted its Mark into History". The National Interest. Retrieved 2021-12-03.
  18. ^ a b Willbanks 2004, p. 134.
  19. ^ Willbanks, James (2004). Machine Guns: An Illustrated History of Their Impact. ABC-CLIO. p. 200.
  20. ^ Willbanks 2004, p. 109.
  21. ^ a b Rottman, Gordon (2010). Browning .50-caliber Machine Guns. Osprey Publishing. p. 72.
  22. ^ "Finnish Army 1918–1945: Antiaircraft Machineguns". from the original on 29 November 2014. Retrieved 15 December 2014.
  23. ^ "Dushka: The Soviet Fifty Caliber – Page 2 – Small Arms Defense Journal".
  24. ^ Willbanks 2004, p. 121.
  25. ^ https://milmag.pl/en/65-years-of-armament-production-in-tarnow/
  26. ^ "Dushka: The Soviet Fifty Caliber – Page 4 – Small Arms Defense Journal".
  27. ^ Small Arms Survey (2008). . Small Arms Survey 2008: Risk and Resilience. Cambridge University Press. p. 21. ISBN 978-0-521-88040-4. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2018-08-30. Retrieved 2018-08-30.
  28. ^ Harnden, Toby (2000).Bandit Country: The IRA and South Armagh. Coronet Books, pp. 360–361 ISBN 0-340-71737-8
  29. ^ . Archived from the original on 12 November 2013. Retrieved 15 December 2014.
  30. ^ Parth Satam (January 5, 2023). "Ukraine Uses Powerful Searchlights & Anti-Aircraft Guns To Neutralize Russian Geran-2 UAVs Used During Night Strikes". www. eurasiantimes.com. Retrieved 2023-01-06.
  31. ^ THOMAS NEWDICK (December 13, 2022). "Inside Ukraine's Desperate Fight Against Drones With MiG-29 Pilot "Juice"". www.thedrive.com. Retrieved 2023-01-06.
  32. ^ Sebastien Roblin (December 11, 2022). "To Stop Killer Drones, Ukraine Upgrades Ancient Flak Guns With Consumer Cameras And Tablets". www.forbes.com. Retrieved 2023-01-06.
  33. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai aj ak al am an ao ap aq ar as at au av aw ax ay az ba bb bc bd be bf bg bh bi Jones, Richard D.; Ness, Leland S., eds. (January 27, 2009). Jane's Infantry Weapons 2009/2010 (35th ed.). Coulsdon: Jane's Information Group. ISBN 978-0-7106-2869-5.
  34. ^ Thierry Vircoulon (2014-10-02). . International Crisis Group. Archived from the original on 2017-05-21. Retrieved 2017-06-12.
  35. ^ "Cameroon air strikes on Boko Haram". BBC News. 29 December 2014. from the original on 30 April 2018. Retrieved 19 March 2018.
  36. ^ Gander, Terry J.; Hogg, Ian V. Jane's Infantry Weapons 1995/1996. Jane's Information Group; 21 edition (May 1995). ISBN 978-0-7106-1241-0.
  37. ^ a b c d e Miller, David (2001). The Illustrated Directory of 20th Century Guns. London: Salamander Books Ltd. ISBN 978-1-84065-245-1.
  38. ^ "12,7-mm-überschweres Maschinengewehr DSchK Modell 1938 und Modell 1938/46". Militaertechnik der NVA (in German).
  39. ^ a b "G3 Defence Magazine August 2010". calameo.com. Archived from the original on July 9, 2012. Retrieved 15 December 2014.
  40. ^ Neville 2018, p. 9.
  41. ^ NRT (2017-01-25). "Peshmerga Ministry: There will be no withdraw from liberated areas". NRT TV. Retrieved 2017-06-25.
  42. ^ de Tessières, Savannah (April 2012). (PDF) (Report). Special Report No. 14 (in French). UNDP, Commission Nationale de Lutte contre la Prolifération et la Circulation Illicite des Armes Légères et de Petit Calibre and Small Arms Survey. p. 97. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2018-10-09. Retrieved 2018-08-30.
  43. ^ World Armies (2012-10-08). "Kenyan Army". flicker. from the original on 2017-04-06. Retrieved 2017-04-05.
  44. ^ Small Arms Survey (2005). . Small Arms Survey 2005: Weapons at War. Oxford University Press. p. 167. ISBN 978-0-19-928085-8. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2018-08-30. Retrieved 2018-08-29.
  45. ^ Mongolian military museum. Ulaanbaatar. Sights of intersest 2013-11-06 at the Wayback Machine
  46. ^ O'Halloran, Kevin (2012). Rwanda: Unamir 1994/1995. Big Sky Publishing. ISBN 978-1-921941-48-1.
  47. ^ "12.7mm DShK heavy machinegun". from the original on 16 May 2013. Retrieved 15 May 2013.
  48. ^ "65 lat dostaw uzbrojenia z Tarnowa". 3 June 2018.
  49. ^ "65 Years of Armament Production in Tarnow". 4 September 2020.
  50. ^ Gander, Terry J. (4 May 2001). "ROMARM machine guns". Jane's Infantry Weapons 2002-2003. p. 3407.
  51. ^ Small Arms Survey (2014). (PDF). Small Arms Survey 2014: Women and guns (PDF). Cambridge University Press. p. 224. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2016-10-14. Retrieved 2018-08-29.
  52. ^ . Archived from the original on 2016-07-24.
  53. ^ "Ukrainian Modified DShK with Buttstock, Picatinny Rail, and Bipod in Ground Role". The Firearm Blog. 19 December 2017.

Further reading edit

  • Leszek Erenfeicht (29 August 2012). "Dushka: The Soviet Fifty Caliber". Small Arms Defense Journal. Vol. 4, No. 3.
  • Koll, Christian (2009). Soviet Cannon: A Comprehensive Study of Soviet Arms and Ammunition in Calibres 12.7mm to 57mm. Austria: Koll. p. 53. ISBN 978-3-200-01445-9.

External links edit

 
Wikimedia Commons has media related to DShK.
  • at guns.ru.
  • Video of Operation

February 03, 2024
dshk, 1938, cyrillic, ДШК, russian, Дегтярёва, Шпагина, Крупнокалиберный, romanized, degtyaryova, shpagina, krupnokaliberny, degtyaryov, shpagin, large, calibre, soviet, heavy, machine, weapon, vehicle, mounted, used, tripod, wheeled, carriage, heavy, infantry. The DShK 1938 Cyrillic DShK for Russian Degtyaryova Shpagina Krupnokalibernyj romanized Degtyaryova Shpagina Krupnokaliberny Degtyaryov Shpagin large calibre is a Soviet heavy machine gun The weapon may be vehicle mounted or used on a tripod or wheeled carriage as a heavy infantry machine gun The DShK s name is derived from its original designer Vasily Degtyaryov and Georgi Shpagin who later improved the cartridge feed mechanism It is sometimes nicknamed Dushka a dear or beloved person in Russian speaking countries from the abbreviation 15 DShKA 1938 DShK at the Military Historical Museum of Artillery Engineers and Signal Corps in St PetersburgTypeHeavy machine gunPlace of originSoviet UnionService historyIn service1938 presentUsed bySee UsersWarsSecond World WarWinter WarChinese Civil WarFirst Indochina WarKorean WarVietnam WarIndonesia Malaysia confrontationOperation TrikoraFirst Sudanese Civil WarLaotian Civil WarDhofar RebellionPortuguese Colonial WarSouth African Border WarCambodian Civil WarSix Day WarYom Kippur WarRhodesian Bush WarEthiopian Civil WarLebanese Civil War 1 Angolan Civil War 2 Cambodian Vietnamese WarWestern Sahara War 3 Afghanistan conflict 1978 present Sino Vietnamese WarChadian Libyan War 4 Iran Iraq WarSecond Sudanese Civil WarSri Lankan Civil WarThe TroublesFirst and Second Liberian Civil WarsSomali Civil War 5 Tuareg rebellion 1990 1995 6 Gulf WarYugoslav WarsRwandan Civil War 7 First and Second Chechen Wars 5 Kargil WarOperation Enduring FreedomIraq War 8 Cambodian Thai border disputeFirst Libyan Civil War 9 Syrian Civil War 10 Operation Linda NchiNorthern Mali conflict 11 War in Iraq 2013 2017 12 Second Libyan Civil War2014 pro Russian conflict in UkraineYemeni Civil War 2015 present 13 Conflict in Najran Jizan and AsirTigray WarRussian invasion of Ukraine2023 Israeli invasion of the Gaza StripProduction historyDesignerVasily DegtyaryovGeorgi ShpaginDesigned1938ManufacturerTula Arms PlantUnit costUS 2 250 2012 Produced1938 1980 Soviet Union No built1 000 000VariantsDShK 38 46 Type 54SpecificationsMass34 kg 74 lb 15 oz gun only 157 kg 346 lb 2 oz on wheeled mountingLength1 625 mm 5 ft 4 0 in Barrel length1 070 mm 42 1 in Cartridge12 7 108mm 12 7 99mm Romania 14 ActionGas operated flapper lockingRate of fire600 rounds minMuzzle velocity850 m s 2 800 ft s Effective firing range2 000 m 2 200 yd Maximum firing range2 500 m 2 700 yd Feed system50 round beltSightsIron optical Contents 1 Specifications 2 History 3 Users 3 1 Non state users 4 Gallery 5 See also 6 References 7 Further reading 8 External linksSpecifications editThe DShK is a belt fed machine gun firing the 12 7 108mm cartridge and uses a butterfly trigger 16 Firing at 600 rounds per minute it has an effective range of 2 4 km 1 1 2 mi and can penetrate up to 20 mm of armor up to a range of 500 m 17 The DShK has two spider web ring sights for use against aircraft It is used by infantry on tripod mounts or deployed with a two wheeled mounting and a single sheet armor plate shield It is also mounted on tanks and armored vehicles for use against infantry and aircraft nearly all Russian designed tanks prior to the T 64 use the DShK 18 History editRequiring a heavy machine gun similar to the M2 Browning development of the DShK began in the Soviet Union in 1929 and the first design was finalised by Vasily Degtyaryov in 1931 17 19 The initial design used the same gas operation from the Degtyaryov machine gun and used a 30 round drum magazine but had a poor rate of fire Georgy Shpagin revised the design by changing it to a belt fed with a rotary feed cylinder and the new machine gun began production in 1938 as the DShK 1938 17 20 The DShK and the American M2 Browning are the only 50 caliber machine guns designed prior to World War II that remain in service to the present day 21 During World War II the DShK was used by the Red Army with a total of 9 000 produced during the war 17 It was used mostly in anti aircraft roles on vehicles such as the GAZ AA truck IS 2 tank ISU 152 self propelled artillery and the T 40 amphibious tank 17 Similar to the PM M1910 Maxim when deployed against infantry the DShK was used with a two wheeled trolley with which the machine gun weighed a total of 346 pounds 157 kg 22 In 1944 a much cheaper muzzle brake patterned after the Polish Wz 35 anti tank rifle was introduced instead of the complicated early design 23 After 1945 the DShK was exported widely to other countries in the Eastern Bloc 16 In 1946 an improved variant was produced with a revised muzzle and feeding system Named the DShK 38 46 or DShK M over a million were produced from 1946 1980 17 The gun was also revised to become more reliable and easier to manufacture 24 The new DShK was produced under license in Pakistan Iran Yugoslavia Romania Poland 25 and Czechoslovakia 17 Czechoslovak variant most often encountered on quads is visually distinguishable by a rectangular muzzle brake 26 China produced their own variant of the design designated the Type 54 27 After World War II DShKs were used widely by communist forces in Vietnam starting with the Battle of Dien Bien Phu in 1954 While not as powerful as anti aircraft cannons the DShK was easier to smuggle through Vietnam Cambodia and Laos 17 DShKs were a major threat to American aircraft in the Vietnam War 16 and of the 7 500 helicopters and fixed wing aircraft lost during the war most were destroyed by anti aircraft guns including DShK 17 In June 1988 during The Troubles a British Army Westland Lynx helicopter was hit 15 times by two Provisional IRA DShKs smuggled from Libya and forced to crash land near Cashel Lough Upper south County Armagh 28 Rebel forces utilized DShKs in the Syrian civil war often mounting the gun on cars In 2012 the Syrian government claimed to have destroyed 40 such technicals on a highway in Aleppo and six in Dael 29 The DShK began to be partially replaced in the Soviet Union by the NSV machine gun in 1971 and the Kord machine gun in 1998 21 The DShK remains in service although it is no longer produced 18 The weapon was used by Ukrainian forces in the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine to shoot down Iranian made Shahed 136 drones The DShKs are fitted with a searchlight when attacking drones which MANPADS have been unable to destroy As many of the DShKs have been left over from the Soviet Union they have been both cost effective and one of the most reliable methods of destroying drones 30 31 32 Users edit nbsp Map with DShK users in blue nbsp Afghanistan 33 nbsp Albania 33 DShkM locally produced from a Chinese copy nbsp Algeria 33 nbsp Angola 33 nbsp Armenia 33 nbsp Azerbaijan 33 nbsp Bangladesh 33 Type 54 nbsp Belarus 33 nbsp Bulgaria 33 nbsp Burkina Faso 11 nbsp Burundi 34 nbsp Cambodia 33 nbsp Cameroon 35 nbsp Cape Verde 33 nbsp Central African Republic 33 nbsp Chad 33 nbsp Chile 36 nbsp China Produced DShKM variant Type 54 37 nbsp Congo Brazzaville 33 nbsp Congo Kinshasa 33 nbsp Cuba 33 nbsp Cyprus 33 nbsp Czechoslovakia Produced DShKM variant TK Vz 53 which included a four barrelled version 37 nbsp Czech Republic 33 nbsp East Germany 38 nbsp Egypt 33 nbsp Equatorial Guinea 33 nbsp Eritrea 33 nbsp Ethiopia 33 nbsp Finland 33 nbsp Georgia 33 nbsp Ghana 33 nbsp Guinea 33 nbsp Guinea Bissau 33 nbsp Hungary 33 nbsp Indonesia 33 nbsp Iran Manufactured DShKM variant named MGD 12 7 39 40 nbsp Iraq 33 called the Doshka by Iraqis nbsp Iraqi Kurdistan 41 nbsp Israel 33 nbsp India Captured during Kargil War citation needed nbsp Cote d Ivoire 42 nbsp Kazakhstan 33 nbsp Kenya 43 nbsp Kosovo nbsp Kyrgyzstan 33 nbsp Laos 33 nbsp Liberia 44 nbsp Libya 33 nbsp Lithuania 33 nbsp North Macedonia 33 nbsp Madagascar 33 nbsp Mali 33 Armed and Security Forces of Mali nbsp Malta 33 nbsp Mongolia 45 nbsp Mozambique 33 nbsp Nicaragua 33 nbsp Niger citation needed nbsp Nigeria 33 nbsp North Korea 33 nbsp North Vietnam 37 nbsp Pakistan Used by the Pakistan Army DShKM variant produced locally 46 47 nbsp Peru 33 nbsp Poland Produced locally 48 49 nbsp Palestine nbsp Romania Produced locally 50 still used with TR 85 tanks nbsp Russia 33 nbsp Rwanda Used by Rwandan Peacekeepers in Darfur citation needed nbsp Saudi Arabia nbsp Serbia 33 nbsp Seychelles 33 nbsp Sierra Leone 33 nbsp Slovakia 33 nbsp Somalia 33 nbsp Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic 3 nbsp South Sudan 51 nbsp Soviet Union Passed on to successor states 37 nbsp Sudan citation needed nbsp Syria 33 nbsp Sri Lanka Used by Tamil Tigers former user nbsp Tanzania 33 nbsp Togo 33 nbsp Turkey 52 nbsp Turkmenistan 33 nbsp Uganda 33 nbsp Ukraine Also produces a variant with a bipod and large muzzle brake for infantry usage 33 53 nbsp Vietnam 33 nbsp Yemen 33 nbsp Yugoslavia Manufactured DShKM variant 39 nbsp Zambia 33 nbsp Zimbabwe 33 Non state users edit nbsp Al Quds Brigades nbsp Daesh Iraqi insurgents nbsp Provisional IRA 37 Gallery edit nbsp A Romanian DShK chambered in 12 7 99mm NATO on display at Expomil 2005 nbsp A soldier with the Ukrainian Land Forces fires a DShKM nbsp DShKM TR 85M1 nbsp DShKM URO VAMTAC nbsp DShK M1938 nbsp DShKM anti aircraft machine gun on a T 55 tank loader s roof hatch nbsp The M53 is an anti aircraft mounting of four 12 7 mm heavy machine guns vz 38 46 Czech copy of Soviet DShKM See also editFN BRG 15 HMG PK 16 KPV heavy machine gun List of Russian weaponryReferences edit Neville Leigh 19 Apr 2018 Technicals Non Standard Tactical Vehicles from the Great Toyota War to modern Special Forces New Vanguard 257 Osprey Publishing p 15 ISBN 9781472822512 Archived from the original on 26 October 2018 Retrieved 25 October 2018 Fitzsimmons Scott November 2012 Executive Outcomes Defeats UNITA Mercenaries in Asymmetric Conflicts Cambridge University Press p 217 doi 10 1017 CBO9781139208727 006 ISBN 9781107026919 a b Francesco Palmas 2012 Il contenzioso del sahara occidentale fra passato e presente PDF Informazioni della Difesa in Italian No 4 pp 50 59 Archived PDF from the original on 2018 06 12 Retrieved 2018 06 12 Neville 2018 p 16 a b Neville 2018 p 24 Small Arms Survey 2005 Sourcing the Tools of War Small Arms Supplies to Conflict Zones Small Arms Survey 2005 Weapons at War Oxford University Press p 166 ISBN 978 0 19 928085 8 Archived from the original PDF on 2018 08 30 Retrieved 2018 08 29 Rwandan government soldiers fire 12 June 1994 heavy artillery at Neville 2018 p 30 Neville 2018 p 35 Neville 2018 p 37 a b Cherisey Erwan de July 2019 El batallon de infanteria Badenya de Burkina Faso en Mali Noticias Defensa En abierto Revista Defensa in Spanish 495 496 Vining Miles May 7 2018 ISOF Arms amp Equipment Part 3 Machine Guns armamentresearch com Archived from the original on September 25 2018 Retrieved October 1 2018 Neville 2018 p 38 Cal 12 7 x 99 mm Machine Gun PDF Cugir Arms Factory Green Michael 2022 Red Army Weapons of the Second World War Pen and Sword p 25 a b c Larson Caleb 2021 02 03 The Soviet DShK Heavy Machine Gun Won t Go Away The National Interest Retrieved 2021 12 03 a b c d e f g h i Roblin Sebastien 2018 11 10 How a Deadly Russian World War II 50 Caliber Machine Gun Blasted its Mark into History The National Interest Retrieved 2021 12 03 a b Willbanks 2004 p 134 Willbanks James 2004 Machine Guns An Illustrated History of Their Impact ABC CLIO p 200 Willbanks 2004 p 109 a b Rottman Gordon 2010 Browning 50 caliber Machine Guns Osprey Publishing p 72 Finnish Army 1918 1945 Antiaircraft Machineguns Archived from the original on 29 November 2014 Retrieved 15 December 2014 Dushka The Soviet Fifty Caliber Page 2 Small Arms Defense Journal Willbanks 2004 p 121 https milmag pl en 65 years of armament production in tarnow Dushka The Soviet Fifty Caliber Page 4 Small Arms Defense Journal Small Arms Survey 2008 Light Weapons Products Producers and Proliferation Small Arms Survey 2008 Risk and Resilience Cambridge University Press p 21 ISBN 978 0 521 88040 4 Archived from the original PDF on 2018 08 30 Retrieved 2018 08 30 Harnden Toby 2000 Bandit Country The IRA and South Armagh Coronet Books pp 360 361 ISBN 0 340 71737 8 الوكالة العربية السورية للأنباء Archived from the original on 12 November 2013 Retrieved 15 December 2014 Parth Satam January 5 2023 Ukraine Uses Powerful Searchlights amp Anti Aircraft Guns To Neutralize Russian Geran 2 UAVs Used During Night Strikes www eurasiantimes com Retrieved 2023 01 06 THOMAS NEWDICK December 13 2022 Inside Ukraine s Desperate Fight Against Drones With MiG 29 Pilot Juice www thedrive com Retrieved 2023 01 06 Sebastien Roblin December 11 2022 To Stop Killer Drones Ukraine Upgrades Ancient Flak Guns With Consumer Cameras And Tablets www forbes com Retrieved 2023 01 06 a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai aj ak al am an ao ap aq ar as at au av aw ax ay az ba bb bc bd be bf bg bh bi Jones Richard D Ness Leland S eds January 27 2009 Jane s Infantry Weapons 2009 2010 35th ed Coulsdon Jane s Information Group ISBN 978 0 7106 2869 5 Thierry Vircoulon 2014 10 02 Insights from the Burundian Crisis I An Army Divided and Losing its Way International Crisis Group Archived from the original on 2017 05 21 Retrieved 2017 06 12 Cameroon air strikes on Boko Haram BBC News 29 December 2014 Archived from the original on 30 April 2018 Retrieved 19 March 2018 Gander Terry J Hogg Ian V Jane s Infantry Weapons 1995 1996 Jane s Information Group 21 edition May 1995 ISBN 978 0 7106 1241 0 a b c d e Miller David 2001 The Illustrated Directory of 20th Century Guns London Salamander Books Ltd ISBN 978 1 84065 245 1 12 7 mm uberschweres Maschinengewehr DSchK Modell 1938 und Modell 1938 46 Militaertechnik der NVA in German a b G3 Defence Magazine August 2010 calameo com Archived from the original on July 9 2012 Retrieved 15 December 2014 Neville 2018 p 9 NRT 2017 01 25 Peshmerga Ministry There will be no withdraw from liberated areas NRT TV Retrieved 2017 06 25 de Tessieres Savannah April 2012 Enquete nationale sur les armes legeres et de petit calibre en Cote d Ivoire les defis du controle des armes et de la lutte contre la violence armee avant la crise post electorale PDF Report Special Report No 14 in French UNDP Commission Nationale de Lutte contre la Proliferation et la Circulation Illicite des Armes Legeres et de Petit Calibre and Small Arms Survey p 97 Archived from the original PDF on 2018 10 09 Retrieved 2018 08 30 World Armies 2012 10 08 Kenyan Army flicker Archived from the original on 2017 04 06 Retrieved 2017 04 05 Small Arms Survey 2005 Sourcing the Tools of War Small Arms Supplies to Conflict Zones Small Arms Survey 2005 Weapons at War Oxford University Press p 167 ISBN 978 0 19 928085 8 Archived from the original PDF on 2018 08 30 Retrieved 2018 08 29 Mongolian military museum Ulaanbaatar Sights of intersest Archived 2013 11 06 at the Wayback Machine O Halloran Kevin 2012 Rwanda Unamir 1994 1995 Big Sky Publishing ISBN 978 1 921941 48 1 12 7mm DShK heavy machinegun Archived from the original on 16 May 2013 Retrieved 15 May 2013 65 lat dostaw uzbrojenia z Tarnowa 3 June 2018 65 Years of Armament Production in Tarnow 4 September 2020 Gander Terry J 4 May 2001 ROMARM machine guns Jane s Infantry Weapons 2002 2003 p 3407 Small Arms Survey 2014 Weapons tracing in Sudan and South Sudan PDF Small Arms Survey 2014 Women and guns PDF Cambridge University Press p 224 Archived from the original PDF on 2016 10 14 Retrieved 2018 08 29 Reported use by intelligence agency Archived from the original on 2016 07 24 Ukrainian Modified DShK with Buttstock Picatinny Rail and Bipod in Ground Role The Firearm Blog 19 December 2017 Further reading editLeszek Erenfeicht 29 August 2012 Dushka The Soviet Fifty Caliber Small Arms Defense Journal Vol 4 No 3 Koll Christian 2009 Soviet Cannon A Comprehensive Study of Soviet Arms and Ammunition in Calibres 12 7mm to 57mm Austria Koll p 53 ISBN 978 3 200 01445 9 External links edit nbsp Wikimedia Commons has media related to DShK DShK and DShKM at guns ru Video of Operation Retrieved from 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