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Wikipedia

YouTuber

January 13, 2024

A YouTuber is a type of social media influencer who uploads or creates videos on the online video-sharing website YouTube,[1] typically posting to their personal YouTube channel.[2] The term was first used in the English language in 2006, and subsequently appeared in the 2006 Time Person of the Year issue.[3][4]

Influence

See also: Social impact of YouTube
 
MrBeast, who currently has the second-most-subscribed channel on the platform, is the most-subscribed independent YouTuber.

Influential YouTubers are frequently described as microcelebrities.[2] Since YouTube is widely conceived as a bottom-up social media video platform, microcelebrities do not appear to be involved with the established and commercial system of celebrity culture; rather, they appear self-governed and independent.[5][6] This appearance, in turn, leads to YouTubers being seen as more relatable and authentic, also fostered by the direct connection between artist and viewer using the medium of YouTube.[2][7]

In 2014, the University of Southern California surveyed 13–18-year-olds in the United States on whether 10 YouTube celebrities or 10 traditional celebrities were more influential; YouTube personalities took the first five spots of the ranking, with the YouTube duo Smosh ranking as most influential.[7][8] The survey was repeated in 2015, and found six YouTubers on the first ranks, with KSI ranked as most influential.[7][9] Several YouTubers and their influence were subjects for scientific studies, such as Zoella,[2] and PewDiePie.[10] Numerous studies in the late 2010s found that YouTuber was the most desired career by children.[11][12][13]

YouTubers' influence has also extended beyond the platform. Some have ventured into mainstream forms of media, such as Liza Koshy, who, among other pursuits, hosted the revival of the Nickelodeon show Double Dare[14] and starred in the Netflix dance-comedy film Work It.[15] In 2019, Ryan's Mystery Playdate, a show starring Ryan Kaji, the then-seven-year-old host of the toy review and vlog channel Ryan's World, began airing on the Nick Jr. Channel;[16] later that year, NBC debuted A Little Late with Lilly Singh in its 1:35 am ET time slot. Singh's digital prominence was cited as a reason for her selection as host by then-NBC Entertainment co-chairman George Cheeks.[17] In addition to expanding into other forms of media, several YouTubers have used their influence to raise money for charity or speak out on social issues. Notable examples include James Stephen "MrBeast" Donaldson and Mark Rober, who helped raise over $20 million with their Team Trees campaign,[18][19] and Felipe Neto, who publicly criticized Brazilian president Jair Bolsonaro for his response to the COVID-19 pandemic.[20] In 2020, Time named Neto and fellow YouTuber JoJo Siwa to its annual list of the world's 100 most influential people.[21][22]

As a result of this level of influence, in 2013, University of Michigan associate professor Robert Hovden argued for the creation of a new index similar to the g-index and h-index to evaluate a person's output and impact on YouTube.[23]

Monetization

 
Total annual earnings of the top ten YouTuber accounts, and the income of the single highest-earning account

YouTubers can earn revenue from Google AdSense. Additionally, they can supplement their income through affiliate links, merchandising, and 3rd party memberships using platforms such as Patreon.[24] Popular channels have garnered corporate sponsors, who pay to be included in the videos.[24] In 2018, Walmart, Nordstrom, and others sought YouTube stars as influencers.[25]

In the early days of YouTube, there was no way to monetize videos on the platform. Much of the site's content was homemade and produced by hobbyists with no plans for making money on the site.[26][27] The first targeted advertising on the site came in the form of participatory video ads, which were videos in their own right that offered users the opportunity to view exclusive content by clicking on the ad.[28] The first such ad was for the Fox show Prison Break and solely appeared above videos on Paris Hilton's channel.[28][29] At the time, the channel was operated by Warner Bros. Records and was cited as the first brand channel on the platform.[29] Participatory video ads were designed to link specific promotions to specific channels rather than advertising on the entire platform at once. When the ads were introduced, in August 2006, YouTube CEO Chad Hurley rejected the idea of expanding into areas of advertising seen as less user-friendly at the time, saying, "we think there are better ways for people to engage with brands than forcing them to watch a commercial before seeing content. You could ask anyone on the net if they enjoy that experience and they'd probably say no."[29] However, YouTube began running in-video ads in August 2007, with preroll ads introduced in 2008.[30] In December 2007, YouTube launched the Partner Program, which allows channels that meet certain metrics (currently 1000 subscribers and 4000 public watch hours in the past year)[31] to run ads on their videos and earn money doing so.[30] The Partner Program allowed for the first time YouTube personalities to make a living from the platform.[32]: 7 

During the 2010s, the ability for YouTubers to achieve wealth and fame due to success on the platform increased dramatically. In December 2010, Business Insider estimated that the highest earner on YouTube during the previous year was Dane Boedigheimer, creator of the web series Annoying Orange, with an income of around $257,000.[33] Five years later, Forbes released its first list of the highest-earning YouTube personalities, estimating top earner PewDiePie's income during the previous fiscal year at $12 million, more than some popular actors such as Cameron Diaz or Gwyneth Paltrow.[34] Forbes estimated that the tenth-highest earner that year was Rosanna Pansino at $2.5 million.[a] That year, NME stated that "vlogging has become big business."[36] The rapid influx of wealth within the YouTube community has led some to criticize YouTubers for focusing on earnings more than the creativity and connection with their fanbase that some claim was at the heart of the platform before expanded monetization.[37][38][39] In August 2021, it was reported Kevin Paffrath made $5 million in just the first 3 months of 2021 and his YouTube analytics showed he made "several million" in ad revenue within the prior 12 months.[40] By 2021, YouTuber earnings had expanded even more, with Forbes estimating that the highest earner that year was MrBeast at $51 million.[41]

See also

Notes

  1. ^ In December 2020, Forbes estimated that the highest-earning YouTuber was Ryan Kaji at $29.5 million. The tenth-highest was Jeffree Star at $15 million.[35]

References

  1. ^ "YouTuber". Cambridge Dictionary. from the original on November 11, 2020. Retrieved July 7, 2021.
  2. ^ a b c d Jerslev, Anne (October 14, 2016). "In the Time of the Microcelebrity: Celebrification and the YouTuber Zoella". International Journal of Communication. 10 (2016): 5233–5251. ISSN 1932-8036. from the original on October 24, 2020. Retrieved June 11, 2018.
  3. ^ Hamedy, Saba (December 28, 2016). "'YouTuber' is a real word now because the Oxford English Dictionary says so". Mashable. from the original on October 20, 2020. Retrieved July 7, 2021.
  4. ^ "Person of the Year 2006". TIME. Retrieved August 10, 2023.[permanent dead link]
  5. ^ Marwick, Alice Emily (2013). Status Update: Celebrity, Publicity, and Branding in the Social Media Age. New Haven: Yale University Press. ISBN 978-0-300-19915-4. OCLC 862745861. from the original on October 19, 2021. Retrieved July 17, 2021.
  6. ^ Gamson, Joshua (2011). "The Unwatched Life Is Not Worth Living: The Elevation of the Ordinary in Celebrity Culture". Publications of the Modern Language Association of America. 126 (4): 1061–1069. doi:10.1632/pmla.2011.126.4.1061. ISSN 0030-8129. S2CID 59355773. from the original on October 19, 2021. Retrieved June 27, 2021.
  7. ^ a b c Dredge, Stuart (February 3, 2016). "Why are YouTube stars so popular?". The Guardian. from the original on February 3, 2016. Retrieved May 3, 2018.
  8. ^ Ault, Susanne (August 5, 2014). "Survey: YouTube Stars More Popular Than Mainstream Celebs Among U.S. Teens". Variety. from the original on February 7, 2015. Retrieved August 6, 2021.
  9. ^ Ault, Susanne (July 23, 2015). "Digital Star Popularity Grows Versus Mainstream Celebrities". Variety. from the original on May 1, 2018. Retrieved May 3, 2018.
  10. ^ Beers Fägersten, Kristy (August 1, 2017). "The role of swearing in creating an online persona: The case of YouTuber PewDiePie". Discourse, Context & Media. 18: 1–10. doi:10.1016/j.dcm.2017.04.002. ISSN 2211-6958.
  11. ^ Weiss, Geoff (May 24, 2017). "The Most-Desired Career Among Young People Today Is 'YouTuber' (Study)". Tubefilter. from the original on December 10, 2020. Retrieved March 2, 2021.
  12. ^ Leskin, Paige (July 17, 2019). "American kids want to be famous on YouTube, and kids in China want to go to space: survey". Insider. from the original on March 5, 2021. Retrieved March 2, 2021.
  13. ^ Dzhanova, Yelena (August 3, 2019). "Forget law school, these kids want to be a YouTube star". CNBC. from the original on March 2, 2021. Retrieved March 2, 2021.
  14. ^ Nordyke, Kimberly (May 22, 2018). "'Double Dare' Reboot Taps YouTube Star Liza Koshy as Host". The Hollywood Reporter. from the original on April 14, 2021. Retrieved March 2, 2021.
  15. ^ Wright, Catherine (August 11, 2020). "'Work It': How Did Liza Koshy Learn to Dance Like That?". Showbiz CheatSheet. from the original on October 23, 2020. Retrieved March 2, 2021.
  16. ^ "Nickelodeon Embarks on New Direction with Its Biggest, Most Wide-Ranging Content Slate Ever – New Shows Are All That and Much More". Nickelodeon (Press release). February 14, 2019. Retrieved March 2, 2021 – via The Futon Critic.
  17. ^ Alexander, Julia (September 17, 2019). "Lilly Singh's NBC series debut proves late night TV and YouTube need each other". The Verge. from the original on May 21, 2021. Retrieved March 2, 2021.
  18. ^ Williams, David (October 31, 2019). "YouTube star MrBeast wants to plant 20 million trees. Elon Musk, Jack Dorsey, and more are helping him do it". CNN. from the original on October 30, 2019. Retrieved March 2, 2021.
  19. ^ "#teamtrees". from the original on May 17, 2020. Retrieved March 2, 2021.
  20. ^ Phillips, Dom (November 12, 2020). "Felipe Neto: how a YouTuber became one of Jair Bolsonaro's loudest critics". The Guardian. from the original on March 14, 2021. Retrieved March 2, 2021.
  21. ^ "Felipe Neto Is on the 2020 TIME 100 List". Time. September 22, 2020. from the original on March 3, 2021. Retrieved March 2, 2021.
  22. ^ "JoJo Siwa Is on the 2020 TIME 100 List". Time. September 22, 2020. from the original on February 7, 2021. Retrieved March 2, 2021.
  23. ^ Hovden, Robert (September 12, 2013). "Bibliometrics for Internet media: Applying the h-index to YouTube". Journal of the American Society for Information Science and Technology. 64 (11): 2326–2331. arXiv:1303.0766. doi:10.1002/asi.22936. ISSN 1532-2882. S2CID 38708903.
  24. ^ a b "Evan Edinger: The five ways YouTubers make money". BBC Newsbeat. December 18, 2017. from the original on July 10, 2020. Retrieved July 10, 2020.
  25. ^ Jones, Charisse (August 6, 2018). "Walmart, Nordstrom and others look to YouTube stars to woo millennials and Gen Z". CNBC. NBCUniversal. from the original on August 6, 2018. Retrieved August 7, 2018.
  26. ^ "YouTube hits 100m videos per day". BBC News. July 17, 2006. from the original on November 27, 2020. Retrieved February 28, 2021.
  27. ^ Gomes, Lee (August 30, 2006). "Will All of Us Get Our 15 Minutes On a YouTube Video?". The Wall Street Journal. from the original on October 2, 2020. Retrieved February 28, 2021.
  28. ^ a b "YouTube expands types of advertising". NBC News. August 22, 2006. from the original on August 6, 2021. Retrieved February 28, 2021.
  29. ^ a b c Morrissey, Brian (August 22, 2006). "YouTube Shuns Pre-Roll Video Advertising". Adweek. from the original on January 17, 2021. Retrieved February 28, 2021.
  30. ^ a b Jackson, Nicholas (August 3, 2011). "Infographic: The History of Video Advertising on YouTube". The Atlantic. from the original on March 10, 2021. Retrieved February 28, 2021.
  31. ^ "YouTube Partner Program overview & eligibility". YouTube Help. from the original on September 16, 2014. Retrieved February 28, 2021.
  32. ^ Strangelove, Michael (2010). Watching YouTube: Extraordinary Videos by Ordinary People. University of Toronto Press. ISBN 978-1-4426-8703-5.
  33. ^ Wei, Will (December 29, 2010). "Meet The YouTube Stars Making More Money Than EMTs, Cops, Firefighters, And Teachers". Business Insider. from the original on August 6, 2021. Retrieved February 28, 2021.
  34. ^ Berg, Madeline (October 14, 2015). "The World's Highest-Paid YouTube Stars 2015". Forbes. from the original on August 6, 2021. Retrieved February 28, 2021.
  35. ^ Berg, Madeline; Brown, Abram (December 18, 2020). "The Highest-Paid YouTube Stars Of 2020". Forbes. from the original on August 6, 2021. Retrieved February 28, 2021.
  36. ^ Bassett, Jordan (August 13, 2015). "NME Investigation: Are YouTubers The New Pop Stars?". NME. from the original on January 28, 2020. Retrieved January 28, 2020.
  37. ^ Tufnell, Nicholas (November 27, 2013). "The rise and fall of YouTube's celebrity pioneers". Wired. from the original on March 9, 2021. Retrieved February 28, 2021.
  38. ^ Bloom, David (July 3, 2014). "YouTuber Dilemma: Staying 'Authentic' Amid 4K Cameras, Studio Money, Ad Dollars". Deadline. from the original on February 11, 2021. Retrieved February 28, 2021.
  39. ^ "YouTubers: Money First, Fans Later". Medium. June 2, 2018. from the original on October 19, 2021. Retrieved February 28, 2021.
  40. ^ Whelan, Robbie (August 27, 2021). "The Social-Media Stars Who Move Markets". The Wall Street Journal. ISSN 0099-9660. from the original on August 28, 2021. Retrieved August 28, 2021.
  41. ^ "The Highest-Paid YouTube Stars: MrBeast, Jake Paul and Markiplier Score Massive Paydays". Forbes. from the original on April 5, 2022. Retrieved April 5, 2022.

External links

  • Burgess, Jean (October 28, 2011). "YouTube". Oxford Bibliographies Online. doi:10.1093/OBO/9780199791286-0066.

January 13, 2024
youtuber, type, social, media, influencer, uploads, creates, videos, online, video, sharing, website, youtube, typically, posting, their, personal, youtube, channel, term, first, used, english, language, 2006, subsequently, appeared, 2006, time, person, year, . A YouTuber is a type of social media influencer who uploads or creates videos on the online video sharing website YouTube 1 typically posting to their personal YouTube channel 2 The term was first used in the English language in 2006 and subsequently appeared in the 2006 Time Person of the Year issue 3 4 Contents 1 Influence 2 Monetization 3 See also 4 Notes 5 References 6 External linksInfluenceSee also Social impact of YouTube nbsp MrBeast who currently has the second most subscribed channel on the platform is the most subscribed independent YouTuber Influential YouTubers are frequently described as microcelebrities 2 Since YouTube is widely conceived as a bottom up social media video platform microcelebrities do not appear to be involved with the established and commercial system of celebrity culture rather they appear self governed and independent 5 6 This appearance in turn leads to YouTubers being seen as more relatable and authentic also fostered by the direct connection between artist and viewer using the medium of YouTube 2 7 In 2014 the University of Southern California surveyed 13 18 year olds in the United States on whether 10 YouTube celebrities or 10 traditional celebrities were more influential YouTube personalities took the first five spots of the ranking with the YouTube duo Smosh ranking as most influential 7 8 The survey was repeated in 2015 and found six YouTubers on the first ranks with KSI ranked as most influential 7 9 Several YouTubers and their influence were subjects for scientific studies such as Zoella 2 and PewDiePie 10 Numerous studies in the late 2010s found that YouTuber was the most desired career by children 11 12 13 YouTubers influence has also extended beyond the platform Some have ventured into mainstream forms of media such as Liza Koshy who among other pursuits hosted the revival of the Nickelodeon show Double Dare 14 and starred in the Netflix dance comedy film Work It 15 In 2019 Ryan s Mystery Playdate a show starring Ryan Kaji the then seven year old host of the toy review and vlog channel Ryan s World began airing on the Nick Jr Channel 16 later that year NBC debuted A Little Late with Lilly Singh in its 1 35 am ET time slot Singh s digital prominence was cited as a reason for her selection as host by then NBC Entertainment co chairman George Cheeks 17 In addition to expanding into other forms of media several YouTubers have used their influence to raise money for charity or speak out on social issues Notable examples include James Stephen MrBeast Donaldson and Mark Rober who helped raise over 20 million with their Team Trees campaign 18 19 and Felipe Neto who publicly criticized Brazilian president Jair Bolsonaro for his response to the COVID 19 pandemic 20 In 2020 Time named Neto and fellow YouTuber JoJo Siwa to its annual list of the world s 100 most influential people 21 22 As a result of this level of influence in 2013 University of Michigan associate professor Robert Hovden argued for the creation of a new index similar to the g index and h index to evaluate a person s output and impact on YouTube 23 Monetization nbsp Total annual earnings of the top ten YouTuber accounts and the income of the single highest earning accountYouTubers can earn revenue from Google AdSense Additionally they can supplement their income through affiliate links merchandising and 3rd party memberships using platforms such as Patreon 24 Popular channels have garnered corporate sponsors who pay to be included in the videos 24 In 2018 Walmart Nordstrom and others sought YouTube stars as influencers 25 In the early days of YouTube there was no way to monetize videos on the platform Much of the site s content was homemade and produced by hobbyists with no plans for making money on the site 26 27 The first targeted advertising on the site came in the form of participatory video ads which were videos in their own right that offered users the opportunity to view exclusive content by clicking on the ad 28 The first such ad was for the Fox show Prison Break and solely appeared above videos on Paris Hilton s channel 28 29 At the time the channel was operated by Warner Bros Records and was cited as the first brand channel on the platform 29 Participatory video ads were designed to link specific promotions to specific channels rather than advertising on the entire platform at once When the ads were introduced in August 2006 YouTube CEO Chad Hurley rejected the idea of expanding into areas of advertising seen as less user friendly at the time saying we think there are better ways for people to engage with brands than forcing them to watch a commercial before seeing content You could ask anyone on the net if they enjoy that experience and they d probably say no 29 However YouTube began running in video ads in August 2007 with preroll ads introduced in 2008 30 In December 2007 YouTube launched the Partner Program which allows channels that meet certain metrics currently 1000 subscribers and 4000 public watch hours in the past year 31 to run ads on their videos and earn money doing so 30 The Partner Program allowed for the first time YouTube personalities to make a living from the platform 32 7 During the 2010s the ability for YouTubers to achieve wealth and fame due to success on the platform increased dramatically In December 2010 Business Insider estimated that the highest earner on YouTube during the previous year was Dane Boedigheimer creator of the web series Annoying Orange with an income of around 257 000 33 Five years later Forbes released its first list of the highest earning YouTube personalities estimating top earner PewDiePie s income during the previous fiscal year at 12 million more than some popular actors such as Cameron Diaz or Gwyneth Paltrow 34 Forbes estimated that the tenth highest earner that year was Rosanna Pansino at 2 5 million a That year NME stated that vlogging has become big business 36 The rapid influx of wealth within the YouTube community has led some to criticize YouTubers for focusing on earnings more than the creativity and connection with their fanbase that some claim was at the heart of the platform before expanded monetization 37 38 39 In August 2021 it was reported Kevin Paffrath made 5 million in just the first 3 months of 2021 and his YouTube analytics showed he made several million in ad revenue within the prior 12 months 40 By 2021 YouTuber earnings had expanded even more with Forbes estimating that the highest earner that year was MrBeast at 51 million 41 See alsoList of YouTubers List of most subscribed YouTube channels List of most viewed YouTube channels VTuber YouTube Creator Awards Online streamerNotes In December 2020 Forbes estimated that the highest earning YouTuber was Ryan Kaji at 29 5 million The tenth highest was Jeffree Star at 15 million 35 References YouTuber Cambridge Dictionary Archived from the original on November 11 2020 Retrieved July 7 2021 a b c d Jerslev Anne October 14 2016 In the Time of the Microcelebrity Celebrification and the YouTuber Zoella International Journal of Communication 10 2016 5233 5251 ISSN 1932 8036 Archived from the original on October 24 2020 Retrieved June 11 2018 Hamedy Saba December 28 2016 YouTuber is a real word now because the Oxford English Dictionary says so Mashable Archived from the original on October 20 2020 Retrieved July 7 2021 Person of the Year 2006 TIME Retrieved August 10 2023 permanent dead link Marwick Alice Emily 2013 Status Update Celebrity Publicity and Branding in the Social Media Age New Haven Yale University Press ISBN 978 0 300 19915 4 OCLC 862745861 Archived from the original on October 19 2021 Retrieved July 17 2021 Gamson Joshua 2011 The Unwatched Life Is Not Worth Living The Elevation of the Ordinary in Celebrity Culture Publications of the Modern Language Association of America 126 4 1061 1069 doi 10 1632 pmla 2011 126 4 1061 ISSN 0030 8129 S2CID 59355773 Archived from the original on October 19 2021 Retrieved June 27 2021 a b c Dredge Stuart February 3 2016 Why are YouTube stars so popular The Guardian Archived from the original on February 3 2016 Retrieved May 3 2018 Ault Susanne August 5 2014 Survey YouTube Stars More Popular Than Mainstream Celebs Among U S Teens Variety Archived from the original on February 7 2015 Retrieved August 6 2021 Ault Susanne July 23 2015 Digital Star Popularity Grows Versus Mainstream Celebrities Variety Archived from the original on May 1 2018 Retrieved May 3 2018 Beers Fagersten Kristy August 1 2017 The role of swearing in creating an online persona The case of YouTuber PewDiePie Discourse Context amp Media 18 1 10 doi 10 1016 j dcm 2017 04 002 ISSN 2211 6958 Weiss Geoff May 24 2017 The Most Desired Career Among Young People Today Is YouTuber Study Tubefilter Archived from the original on December 10 2020 Retrieved March 2 2021 Leskin Paige July 17 2019 American kids want to be famous on YouTube and kids in China want to go to space survey Insider Archived from the original on March 5 2021 Retrieved March 2 2021 Dzhanova Yelena August 3 2019 Forget law school these kids want to be a YouTube star CNBC Archived from the original on March 2 2021 Retrieved March 2 2021 Nordyke Kimberly May 22 2018 Double Dare Reboot Taps YouTube Star Liza Koshy as Host The Hollywood Reporter Archived from the original on April 14 2021 Retrieved March 2 2021 Wright Catherine August 11 2020 Work It How Did Liza Koshy Learn to Dance Like That Showbiz CheatSheet Archived from the original on October 23 2020 Retrieved March 2 2021 Nickelodeon Embarks on New Direction with Its Biggest Most Wide Ranging Content Slate Ever New Shows Are All That and Much More Nickelodeon Press release February 14 2019 Retrieved March 2 2021 via The Futon Critic Alexander Julia September 17 2019 Lilly Singh s NBC series debut proves late night TV and YouTube need each other The Verge Archived from the original on May 21 2021 Retrieved March 2 2021 Williams David October 31 2019 YouTube star MrBeast wants to plant 20 million trees Elon Musk Jack Dorsey and more are helping him do it CNN Archived from the original on October 30 2019 Retrieved March 2 2021 teamtrees Archived from the original on May 17 2020 Retrieved March 2 2021 Phillips Dom November 12 2020 Felipe Neto how a YouTuber became one of Jair Bolsonaro s loudest critics The Guardian Archived from the original on March 14 2021 Retrieved March 2 2021 Felipe Neto Is on the 2020 TIME 100 List Time September 22 2020 Archived from the original on March 3 2021 Retrieved March 2 2021 JoJo Siwa Is on the 2020 TIME 100 List Time September 22 2020 Archived from the original on February 7 2021 Retrieved March 2 2021 Hovden Robert September 12 2013 Bibliometrics for Internet media Applying the h index to YouTube Journal of the American Society for Information Science and Technology 64 11 2326 2331 arXiv 1303 0766 doi 10 1002 asi 22936 ISSN 1532 2882 S2CID 38708903 a b Evan Edinger The five ways YouTubers make money BBC Newsbeat December 18 2017 Archived from the original on July 10 2020 Retrieved July 10 2020 Jones Charisse August 6 2018 Walmart Nordstrom and others look to YouTube stars to woo millennials and Gen Z CNBC NBCUniversal Archived from the original on August 6 2018 Retrieved August 7 2018 YouTube hits 100m videos per day BBC News July 17 2006 Archived from the original on November 27 2020 Retrieved February 28 2021 Gomes Lee August 30 2006 Will All of Us Get Our 15 Minutes On a YouTube Video The Wall Street Journal Archived from the original on October 2 2020 Retrieved February 28 2021 a b YouTube expands types of advertising NBC News August 22 2006 Archived from the original on August 6 2021 Retrieved February 28 2021 a b c Morrissey Brian August 22 2006 YouTube Shuns Pre Roll Video Advertising Adweek Archived from the original on January 17 2021 Retrieved February 28 2021 a b Jackson Nicholas August 3 2011 Infographic The History of Video Advertising on YouTube The Atlantic Archived from the original on March 10 2021 Retrieved February 28 2021 YouTube Partner Program overview amp eligibility YouTube Help Archived from the original on September 16 2014 Retrieved February 28 2021 Strangelove Michael 2010 Watching YouTube Extraordinary Videos by Ordinary People University of Toronto Press ISBN 978 1 4426 8703 5 Wei Will December 29 2010 Meet The YouTube Stars Making More Money Than EMTs Cops Firefighters And Teachers Business Insider Archived from the original on August 6 2021 Retrieved February 28 2021 Berg Madeline October 14 2015 The World s Highest Paid YouTube Stars 2015 Forbes Archived from the original on August 6 2021 Retrieved February 28 2021 Berg Madeline Brown Abram December 18 2020 The Highest Paid YouTube Stars Of 2020 Forbes Archived from the original on August 6 2021 Retrieved February 28 2021 Bassett Jordan August 13 2015 NME Investigation Are YouTubers The New Pop Stars NME Archived from the original on January 28 2020 Retrieved January 28 2020 Tufnell Nicholas November 27 2013 The rise and fall of YouTube s celebrity pioneers Wired Archived from the original on March 9 2021 Retrieved February 28 2021 Bloom David July 3 2014 YouTuber Dilemma Staying Authentic Amid 4K Cameras Studio Money Ad Dollars Deadline Archived from the original on February 11 2021 Retrieved February 28 2021 YouTubers Money First Fans Later Medium June 2 2018 Archived from the original on October 19 2021 Retrieved February 28 2021 Whelan Robbie August 27 2021 The Social Media Stars Who Move Markets The Wall Street Journal ISSN 0099 9660 Archived from the original on August 28 2021 Retrieved August 28 2021 The Highest Paid YouTube Stars MrBeast Jake Paul and Markiplier Score Massive Paydays Forbes Archived from the original on April 5 2022 Retrieved April 5 2022 External linksBurgess Jean October 28 2011 YouTube Oxford Bibliographies Online doi 10 1093 OBO 9780199791286 0066 Portals nbsp Biography nbsp Internet Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title YouTuber amp oldid 1194744889, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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