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DShK

January 23, 2023

The DShK 1938 (Cyrillic: ДШК, for Russian: Дегтярёва-Шпагина Крупнокалиберный, romanized: Degtyaryova-Shpagina Krupnokaliberny, "Degtyaryov-Shpagin large-calibre") is a Soviet heavy machine gun with a V-shaped butterfly trigger, firing the 12.7×108mm cartridge. The weapon was also used as a heavy infantry machine gun, where it was frequently deployed with a two-wheeled mounting and a single-sheet armour-plate shield. The DShK's name is derived from its original designer, Vasily Degtyaryov, and Georgi Shpagin, who later improved the cartridge feed mechanism. It is sometimes nicknamed Dushka (a dear or beloved person) in Russian-speaking countries, from the abbreviation.[16] Alongside the American M2 Browning, the DShK is the only .50 caliber machine gun designed prior to World War II that remains in service to the present day.[17]

DShK
TypeHeavy machine gun
Place of originSoviet Union
Service history
In service1938–present
Used bySee Users
WarsWinter War
World War II
Korean War
Chinese Civil War
First Indochina War
Operation Trikora
Indonesia–Malaysia confrontation
Vietnam War
Laotian Civil War
Dhofar Rebellion
Cambodian Civil War
Cambodian-Vietnamese War
Sino-Vietnamese War
Six-Day War
Yom Kippur War
Western Sahara War[1]
Angolan Civil War[2]
Iran–Iraq War
The Troubles
Lebanese Civil War[3]
Chadian–Libyan conflict[4]
Somali Civil War[5]
Tuareg rebellion (1990–1995)[6]
Gulf War
Yugoslav Wars
Rwandan Civil War[7]
Kargil War
Iraq War[8]
Wars in Afghanistan[9]
Cambodian–Thai border dispute
Operation Enduring Freedom
Liberian Civil Wars
Operation Linda Nchi
Chechen Wars[5]
First Libyan Civil War[10]
Northern Mali conflict[11]
Second Libyan Civil War
2014 pro-Russian conflict in Ukraine
South African Border War
Syrian Civil War[12]
Sri Lankan Civil War
Iraqi Civil War (2014–2017)[13]
Yemeni Civil War (2015–present)[14]
Conflict in Najran, Jizan and Asir
2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine
Production history
DesignerVasily Degtyaryov, Georgi Shpagin
Designed1938
ManufacturerTula Arms Plant
Unit costUS$2,250 (2012)
Produced1938–1980 (Soviet Union)
No. built1,000,000
VariantsDShK 38/46
Type 54
Specifications
Mass34 kg (74 lb 15 oz) (gun only) 157 kg (346 lb 2 oz) on wheeled mounting
Length1,625 mm (5 ft 4.0 in)
Barrel length1,070 mm (42.1 in)
Cartridge12.7×108mm
12.7×99mm (Romania)[15]
ActionGas-operated, flapper locking
Rate of fire600 rounds/min
Muzzle velocity850 m/s (2,800 ft/s)
Effective firing range2,000 m (2,200 yd)
Maximum firing range2,500 m (2,700 yd)
Feed system50 round belt
SightsIron/optical

History

Requiring a heavy machine gun similar to the M2 Browning, development of the DShK began in the Soviet Union in 1929 and the first design was finalised by Vasily Degtyaryov in 1931.[18][19] The initial design used the same gas operation from the Degtyaryov machine gun, and used a 30 round drum magazine, but had a poor rate of fire. Georgy Shpagin revised the design by changing it to a belt-fed with a rotary-feed cylinder, and the new machine gun began production in 1938 as the DShK 1938.[18][20]

During World War II, the DShK was used by the Red Army, with a total of 9,000 produced during the war.[18] It was used mostly in anti-aircraft roles on vehicles such as the GAZ-AA truck, IS-2 tank, ISU-152 self-propelled artillery, and the T-40 amphibious tank.[18] Similar to the PM M1910 Maxim, when deployed against infantry, the DShK was used with a two-wheeled trolley, with which the machine gun weighed a total of 346 pounds (157 kg).[21] After 1945, the DShK was exported widely to other countries in the Eastern Bloc.[22]

In 1946, an improved variant was produced, with a revised muzzle and feeding system. Named the DShK 38/46 or DShK-M, over a million were produced from 1946-1980.[18] The gun was also revised to become more reliable, and easier to manufacture.[23] The new DShK was produced under license in Pakistan, Iran, Yugoslavia, Romania and Czechoslovakia.[18] China produced their own variant of the design, designated the Type 54.[24]

After World War II, DShKs were used widely by communist forces in Vietnam, starting with the Battle of Dien Bien Phu in 1954. While not as powerful as anti-aircraft cannons, the DShK was easier to smuggle through Vietnam, Cambodia and Laos.[18] DShKs were a major threat to American aircraft in the Vietnam War,[22] and of the 7,500 helicopters and fixed-wing aircraft lost during the war, most were destroyed by DShKs.[18]

In June 1988, during The Troubles, a British Army Westland Lynx helicopter was hit 15 times by two Provisional IRA DShKs smuggled from Libya, and forced to crash-land near Cashel Lough Upper, south County Armagh.[25]

DShKs were also used in 2004, against British troops in Al-Amarah, Iraq.[26][non-primary source needed]

Rebel forces utilized DShKs in the Syrian civil war, often mounting the gun on cars. In 2012, the Syrian government claimed to have destroyed 40 such technicals on a highway in Aleppo and six in Dael.[27]

The DShK began to be partially replaced in the Soviet Union by the NSV machine gun in 1971, and the Kord machine gun in 1998.[17] The DShK remains in service, although it is no longer produced.[28]

The weapon was used by Ukrainian forces in the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine to shoot down Iranian-made Shahed-136 drones. The DShKs are fitted with a searchlight when attacking drones, which MANPADS have been unable to destroy. As many of the DShKs have been left over from the Soviet Union, they have been both cost-effective and one of the most reliable methods of destroying drones.[29][30][31]

Design

The DShK is a belt-fed machine gun that uses a butterfly trigger.[22] Firing the 12.7×108mm cartridge at 600 rounds per minute, it has an effective range of 2.4 km (1+1⁄2 mi), and can penetrate up to 20 mm of armor up to a range of 500 m.[18] The DShK has two "spider web" ring sights for use against aircraft. It is used by infantry on tripod mounts, and is deployed on tanks and armored vehicles for use against infantry and aircraft; nearly all Russian-designed tanks use the DShK.[28]

Users

Non-state users

Gallery

  •  

    A Romanian DShK chambered in 12.7×99mm NATO on display at Expomil 2005.

  •  

    A soldier with the Ukrainian Land Forces fires a DShKM

  •  

    DShKM TR-85M1

  •  

    DShKM URO VAMTAC

  •  

    DShK M1938

  •  

    DShKM anti-aircraft machine gun on a T-55 tank loader's roof hatch

  •  

    The M53 is an anti-aircraft mounting of four 12.7 mm heavy machine guns vz. 38/46 (Czech copy of Soviet DShKM)

  •  

    Ukrainian soldier firing from a modified DShKM with bipod and pistol grip

See also

References

  1. ^ a b Francesco Palmas (2012). "Il contenzioso del sahara occidentale fra passato e presente" (PDF). Informazioni della Difesa (in Italian). No. 4. pp. 50–59. (PDF) from the original on 2018-06-12. Retrieved 2018-06-12.
  2. ^ Fitzsimmons, Scott (November 2012). "Executive Outcomes Defeats UNITA". Mercenaries in Asymmetric Conflicts. Cambridge University Press. p. 217. doi:10.1017/CBO9781139208727.006. ISBN 9781107026919.
  3. ^ Neville, Leigh (19 Apr 2018). Technicals: Non-Standard Tactical Vehicles from the Great Toyota War to modern Special Forces. New Vanguard 257. Osprey Publishing. p. 15. ISBN 9781472822512. from the original on 26 October 2018. Retrieved 25 October 2018.
  4. ^ Neville 2018, p. 16.
  5. ^ a b Neville 2018, p. 24.
  6. ^ Small Arms Survey (2005). . Small Arms Survey 2005: Weapons at War. Oxford University Press. p. 166. ISBN 978-0-19-928085-8. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2018-08-30. Retrieved 2018-08-29.
  7. ^ "Rwandan government soldiers fire 12 June 1994 heavy artillery at".
  8. ^ Neville 2018, p. 30.
  9. ^ Neville 2018, p. 26.
  10. ^ Neville 2018, p. 35.
  11. ^ a b Cherisey, Erwan de (July 2019). "El batallón de infantería "Badenya" de Burkina Faso en Mali - Noticias Defensa En abierto". Revista Defensa (in Spanish) (495–496).
  12. ^ Neville 2018, p. 37.
  13. ^ Vining, Miles (May 7, 2018). "ISOF Arms & Equipment Part 3 – Machine Guns". armamentresearch.com. from the original on September 25, 2018. Retrieved October 1, 2018.
  14. ^ Neville 2018, p. 38.
  15. ^ "Cal.12.7 x 99 mm Machine Gun" (PDF). Cugir Arms Factory.
  16. ^ Green, Michael (2022). Red Army Weapons of the Second World War. Pen and Sword. p. 25.
  17. ^ a b Rottman, Gordon (2010). Browning .50-caliber Machine Guns. Osprey Publishing. p. 72.
  18. ^ a b c d e f g h i Roblin, Sebastien (2018-11-10). "How a Deadly Russian World War II .50 Caliber Machine Gun Blasted its Mark into History". The National Interest. Retrieved 2021-12-03.
  19. ^ Willbanks, James (2004). Machine Guns: An Illustrated History of Their Impact. ABC-CLIO. p. 200.
  20. ^ Willbanks 2004, p. 109.
  21. ^ "Finnish Army 1918–1945: Antiaircraft Machineguns". from the original on 29 November 2014. Retrieved 15 December 2014.
  22. ^ a b c Larson, Caleb (2021-02-03). "The Soviet DShK Heavy Machine Gun Won't Go Away". The National Interest. Retrieved 2021-12-03.
  23. ^ Willbanks 2004, p. 121.
  24. ^ Small Arms Survey (2008). . Small Arms Survey 2008: Risk and Resilience. Cambridge University Press. p. 21. ISBN 978-0-521-88040-4. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2018-08-30. Retrieved 2018-08-30.
  25. ^ Harnden, Toby (2000).Bandit Country: The IRA and South Armagh. Coronet Books, pp. 360–361 ISBN 0-340-71737-8
  26. ^ Mills, Dan (2007). "16". Sniper One. Penguin Group. p. 192. ISBN 978-0-7181-4994-9. They were Dshkes, a Russian-made beast of a thing that fires half-inch calibre rounds and was designed to bring down helicopters.
  27. ^ . Archived from the original on 12 November 2013. Retrieved 15 December 2014.
  28. ^ a b Willbanks 2004, p. 134.
  29. ^ Parth Satam (January 5, 2023). "Ukraine Uses Powerful Searchlights & Anti-Aircraft Guns To Neutralize Russian Geran-2 UAVs Used During Night Strikes". www. eurasiantimes.com. Retrieved 2023-01-06.
  30. ^ THOMAS NEWDICK (December 13, 2022). "Inside Ukraine's Desperate Fight Against Drones With MiG-29 Pilot "Juice"". www.thedrive.com. Retrieved 2023-01-06.
  31. ^ Sebastien Roblin (December 11, 2022). "To Stop Killer Drones, Ukraine Upgrades Ancient Flak Guns With Consumer Cameras And Tablets". www.forbes.com. Retrieved 2023-01-06.
  32. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai aj ak al am an ao ap aq ar as at au av aw ax ay az ba bb bc bd be bf bg bh bi Jones, Richard D.; Ness, Leland S., eds. (January 27, 2009). Jane's Infantry Weapons 2009/2010 (35th ed.). Coulsdon: Jane's Information Group. ISBN 978-0-7106-2869-5.
  33. ^ Thierry Vircoulon (2014-10-02). . International Crisis Group. Archived from the original on 2017-05-21. Retrieved 2017-06-12.
  34. ^ "Cameroon air strikes on Boko Haram". BBC News. 29 December 2014. from the original on 30 April 2018. Retrieved 19 March 2018.
  35. ^ Gander, Terry J.; Hogg, Ian V. Jane's Infantry Weapons 1995/1996. Jane's Information Group; 21 edition (May 1995). ISBN 978-0-7106-1241-0.
  36. ^ a b c d e Miller, David (2001). The Illustrated Directory of 20th Century Guns. London: Salamander Books Ltd. ISBN 978-1-84065-245-1.
  37. ^ "12,7-mm-überschweres Maschinengewehr DSchK Modell 1938 und Modell 1938/46". Militaertechnik der NVA (in German).
  38. ^ a b "G3 Defence Magazine August 2010". calameo.com. Archived from the original on July 9, 2012. Retrieved 15 December 2014.
  39. ^ Neville 2018, p. 9.
  40. ^ NRT (2017-01-25). "Peshmerga Ministry: There will be no withdraw from liberated areas". NRT TV. Retrieved 2017-06-25.
  41. ^ de Tessières, Savannah (April 2012). (PDF) (Report). Special Report No. 14 (in French). UNDP, Commission Nationale de Lutte contre la Prolifération et la Circulation Illicite des Armes Légères et de Petit Calibre and Small Arms Survey. p. 97. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2018-10-09. Retrieved 2018-08-30.
  42. ^ World Armies (2012-10-08). "Kenyan Army". flicker. from the original on 2017-04-06. Retrieved 2017-04-05.
  43. ^ Small Arms Survey (2005). . Small Arms Survey 2005: Weapons at War. Oxford University Press. p. 167. ISBN 978-0-19-928085-8. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2018-08-30. Retrieved 2018-08-29.
  44. ^ Mongolian military museum. Ulaanbaatar. Sights of intersest 2013-11-06 at the Wayback Machine
  45. ^ O'Halloran, Kevin (2012). Rwanda: Unamir 1994/1995. Big Sky Publishing. ISBN 978-1-921941-48-1.
  46. ^ "12.7mm DShK heavy machinegun". from the original on 16 May 2013. Retrieved 15 May 2013.
  47. ^ "65 lat dostaw uzbrojenia z Tarnowa". 3 June 2018.
  48. ^ "65 Years of Armament Production in Tarnow". 4 September 2020.
  49. ^ Gander, Terry J. (4 May 2001). "ROMARM machine guns". Jane's Infantry Weapons 2002-2003. p. 3407.
  50. ^ Small Arms Survey (2014). (PDF). Small Arms Survey 2014: Women and guns (PDF). Cambridge University Press. p. 224. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2016-10-14. Retrieved 2018-08-29.
  51. ^ . Archived from the original on 2016-07-24.
  52. ^ "Ukrainian Modified DShK with Buttstock, Picatinny Rail, and Bipod in Ground Role". The Firearm Blog. 19 December 2017.

Further reading

  • Leszek Erenfeicht (29 August 2012). "Dushka: The Soviet Fifty Caliber". Small Arms Defense Journal. Vol. 4, No. 3.
  • Koll, Christian (2009). Soviet Cannon: A Comprehensive Study of Soviet Arms and Ammunition in Calibres 12.7mm to 57mm. Austria: Koll. p. 53. ISBN 978-3-200-01445-9.

External links

 
Wikimedia Commons has media related to DShK.
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  • Video of Operation

January 23, 2023
dshk, 1938, cyrillic, ДШК, russian, Дегтярёва, Шпагина, Крупнокалиберный, romanized, degtyaryova, shpagina, krupnokaliberny, degtyaryov, shpagin, large, calibre, soviet, heavy, machine, with, shaped, butterfly, trigger, firing, 108mm, cartridge, weapon, also, . The DShK 1938 Cyrillic DShK for Russian Degtyaryova Shpagina Krupnokalibernyj romanized Degtyaryova Shpagina Krupnokaliberny Degtyaryov Shpagin large calibre is a Soviet heavy machine gun with a V shaped butterfly trigger firing the 12 7 108mm cartridge The weapon was also used as a heavy infantry machine gun where it was frequently deployed with a two wheeled mounting and a single sheet armour plate shield The DShK s name is derived from its original designer Vasily Degtyaryov and Georgi Shpagin who later improved the cartridge feed mechanism It is sometimes nicknamed Dushka a dear or beloved person in Russian speaking countries from the abbreviation 16 Alongside the American M2 Browning the DShK is the only 50 caliber machine gun designed prior to World War II that remains in service to the present day 17 DShKA 1938 DShK at the Military Historical Museum of Artillery Engineers and Signal Corps in St PetersburgTypeHeavy machine gunPlace of originSoviet UnionService historyIn service1938 presentUsed bySee UsersWarsWinter WarWorld War IIKorean WarChinese Civil WarFirst Indochina WarOperation TrikoraIndonesia Malaysia confrontationVietnam WarLaotian Civil WarDhofar RebellionCambodian Civil WarCambodian Vietnamese WarSino Vietnamese WarSix Day WarYom Kippur WarWestern Sahara War 1 Angolan Civil War 2 Iran Iraq WarThe TroublesLebanese Civil War 3 Chadian Libyan conflict 4 Somali Civil War 5 Tuareg rebellion 1990 1995 6 Gulf WarYugoslav WarsRwandan Civil War 7 Kargil War Iraq War 8 Wars in Afghanistan 9 Cambodian Thai border disputeOperation Enduring Freedom Liberian Civil Wars Operation Linda Nchi Chechen Wars 5 First Libyan Civil War 10 Northern Mali conflict 11 Second Libyan Civil War2014 pro Russian conflict in UkraineSouth African Border WarSyrian Civil War 12 Sri Lankan Civil WarIraqi Civil War 2014 2017 13 Yemeni Civil War 2015 present 14 Conflict in Najran Jizan and Asir2022 Russian invasion of UkraineProduction historyDesignerVasily Degtyaryov Georgi ShpaginDesigned1938ManufacturerTula Arms PlantUnit costUS 2 250 2012 Produced1938 1980 Soviet Union No built1 000 000VariantsDShK 38 46 Type 54SpecificationsMass34 kg 74 lb 15 oz gun only 157 kg 346 lb 2 oz on wheeled mountingLength1 625 mm 5 ft 4 0 in Barrel length1 070 mm 42 1 in Cartridge12 7 108mm 12 7 99mm Romania 15 ActionGas operated flapper lockingRate of fire600 rounds minMuzzle velocity850 m s 2 800 ft s Effective firing range2 000 m 2 200 yd Maximum firing range2 500 m 2 700 yd Feed system50 round beltSightsIron optical Contents 1 History 2 Design 3 Users 3 1 Non state users 4 Gallery 5 See also 6 References 7 Further reading 8 External linksHistory EditRequiring a heavy machine gun similar to the M2 Browning development of the DShK began in the Soviet Union in 1929 and the first design was finalised by Vasily Degtyaryov in 1931 18 19 The initial design used the same gas operation from the Degtyaryov machine gun and used a 30 round drum magazine but had a poor rate of fire Georgy Shpagin revised the design by changing it to a belt fed with a rotary feed cylinder and the new machine gun began production in 1938 as the DShK 1938 18 20 During World War II the DShK was used by the Red Army with a total of 9 000 produced during the war 18 It was used mostly in anti aircraft roles on vehicles such as the GAZ AA truck IS 2 tank ISU 152 self propelled artillery and the T 40 amphibious tank 18 Similar to the PM M1910 Maxim when deployed against infantry the DShK was used with a two wheeled trolley with which the machine gun weighed a total of 346 pounds 157 kg 21 After 1945 the DShK was exported widely to other countries in the Eastern Bloc 22 In 1946 an improved variant was produced with a revised muzzle and feeding system Named the DShK 38 46 or DShK M over a million were produced from 1946 1980 18 The gun was also revised to become more reliable and easier to manufacture 23 The new DShK was produced under license in Pakistan Iran Yugoslavia Romania and Czechoslovakia 18 China produced their own variant of the design designated the Type 54 24 After World War II DShKs were used widely by communist forces in Vietnam starting with the Battle of Dien Bien Phu in 1954 While not as powerful as anti aircraft cannons the DShK was easier to smuggle through Vietnam Cambodia and Laos 18 DShKs were a major threat to American aircraft in the Vietnam War 22 and of the 7 500 helicopters and fixed wing aircraft lost during the war most were destroyed by DShKs 18 In June 1988 during The Troubles a British Army Westland Lynx helicopter was hit 15 times by two Provisional IRA DShKs smuggled from Libya and forced to crash land near Cashel Lough Upper south County Armagh 25 DShKs were also used in 2004 against British troops in Al Amarah Iraq 26 non primary source needed Rebel forces utilized DShKs in the Syrian civil war often mounting the gun on cars In 2012 the Syrian government claimed to have destroyed 40 such technicals on a highway in Aleppo and six in Dael 27 The DShK began to be partially replaced in the Soviet Union by the NSV machine gun in 1971 and the Kord machine gun in 1998 17 The DShK remains in service although it is no longer produced 28 The weapon was used by Ukrainian forces in the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine to shoot down Iranian made Shahed 136 drones The DShKs are fitted with a searchlight when attacking drones which MANPADS have been unable to destroy As many of the DShKs have been left over from the Soviet Union they have been both cost effective and one of the most reliable methods of destroying drones 29 30 31 Design EditThe DShK is a belt fed machine gun that uses a butterfly trigger 22 Firing the 12 7 108mm cartridge at 600 rounds per minute it has an effective range of 2 4 km 1 1 2 mi and can penetrate up to 20 mm of armor up to a range of 500 m 18 The DShK has two spider web ring sights for use against aircraft It is used by infantry on tripod mounts and is deployed on tanks and armored vehicles for use against infantry and aircraft nearly all Russian designed tanks use the DShK 28 Users Edit Afghanistan 32 Albania 32 DShkM locally produced from a Chinese copy Algeria 32 Angola 32 Armenia 32 Azerbaijan 32 Bangladesh 32 Type 54 Belarus 32 Bulgaria 32 Burkina Faso 11 Burundi 33 Cambodia 32 Cameroon 34 Cape Verde 32 Central African Republic 32 Chad 32 Chile 35 China Produced DShKM variant 36 Congo Brazzaville 32 Congo Kinshasa 32 Cuba 32 Cyprus 32 Czechoslovakia Produced DShKM variant TK Vz 53 which included a four barrelled version 36 Czech Republic 32 East Germany 37 Egypt 32 Equatorial Guinea 32 Eritrea 32 Ethiopia 32 Finland 32 Georgia 32 Ghana 32 Guinea 32 Guinea Bissau 32 Hungary 32 Indonesia 32 Iran Manufactured DShKM variant named MGD 12 7 38 39 Iraq 32 called the Doshka by Iraqis Iraqi Kurdistan 40 Israel 32 India Captured during Kargil War citation needed Cote d Ivoire 41 Kazakhstan 32 Kenya 42 Kosovo Kyrgyzstan 32 Laos 32 Liberia 43 Libya 32 Lithuania 32 Macedonia 32 Madagascar 32 Mali 32 Armed and Security Forces of Mali Malta 32 Mongolia 44 Mozambique 32 Nicaragua 32 Niger citation needed Nigeria 32 North Korea 32 North Vietnam 36 Pakistan Used by the Pakistan Army DShKM variant produced locally 45 46 Peru 32 Poland Produced locally 47 48 Palestine Romania Produced locally 49 still used with TR 85 tanks Russia 32 Rwanda Used by Rwandan Peacekeepers in Darfur citation needed Saudi Arabia Serbia 32 Seychelles 32 Sierra Leone 32 Slovakia 32 Somalia 32 Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic 1 South Sudan 50 Soviet Union Passed on to successor states 36 Sudan citation needed Syria 32 Sri Lanka Used by Tamil Tigers former user Tanzania 32 Togo 32 Turkey 51 Turkmenistan 32 Uganda 32 Ukraine Also produces a variant with a bipod and large muzzle brake for infantry usage 32 52 Vietnam 32 Yemen 32 Yugoslavia Manufactured DShKM variant 38 Zambia 32 Zimbabwe 32 Non state users Edit Islamic State Iraqi insurgents Provisional IRA 36 Gallery Edit A Romanian DShK chambered in 12 7 99mm NATO on display at Expomil 2005 A soldier with the Ukrainian Land Forces fires a DShKM DShKM TR 85M1 DShKM URO VAMTAC DShK M1938 DShKM anti aircraft machine gun on a T 55 tank loader s roof hatch The M53 is an anti aircraft mounting of four 12 7 mm heavy machine guns vz 38 46 Czech copy of Soviet DShKM Ukrainian soldier firing from a modified DShKM with bipod and pistol gripSee also EditFN BRG 15 HMG PK 16 KPV heavy machine gun List of Russian weaponryReferences Edit a b Francesco Palmas 2012 Il contenzioso del sahara occidentale fra passato e presente PDF Informazioni della Difesa in Italian No 4 pp 50 59 Archived PDF from the original on 2018 06 12 Retrieved 2018 06 12 Fitzsimmons Scott November 2012 Executive Outcomes Defeats UNITA Mercenaries in Asymmetric Conflicts Cambridge University Press p 217 doi 10 1017 CBO9781139208727 006 ISBN 9781107026919 Neville Leigh 19 Apr 2018 Technicals Non Standard Tactical Vehicles from the Great Toyota War to modern Special Forces New Vanguard 257 Osprey Publishing p 15 ISBN 9781472822512 Archived from the original on 26 October 2018 Retrieved 25 October 2018 Neville 2018 p 16 a b Neville 2018 p 24 Small Arms Survey 2005 Sourcing the Tools of War Small Arms Supplies to Conflict Zones Small Arms Survey 2005 Weapons at War Oxford University Press p 166 ISBN 978 0 19 928085 8 Archived from the original PDF on 2018 08 30 Retrieved 2018 08 29 Rwandan government soldiers fire 12 June 1994 heavy artillery at Neville 2018 p 30 Neville 2018 p 26 Neville 2018 p 35 a b Cherisey Erwan de July 2019 El batallon de infanteria Badenya de Burkina Faso en Mali Noticias Defensa En abierto Revista Defensa in Spanish 495 496 Neville 2018 p 37 Vining Miles May 7 2018 ISOF Arms amp Equipment Part 3 Machine Guns armamentresearch com Archived from the original on September 25 2018 Retrieved October 1 2018 Neville 2018 p 38 Cal 12 7 x 99 mm Machine Gun PDF Cugir Arms Factory Green Michael 2022 Red Army Weapons of the Second World War Pen and Sword p 25 a b Rottman Gordon 2010 Browning 50 caliber Machine Guns Osprey Publishing p 72 a b c d e f g h i Roblin Sebastien 2018 11 10 How a Deadly Russian World War II 50 Caliber Machine Gun Blasted its Mark into History The National Interest Retrieved 2021 12 03 Willbanks James 2004 Machine Guns An Illustrated History of Their Impact ABC CLIO p 200 Willbanks 2004 p 109 Finnish Army 1918 1945 Antiaircraft Machineguns Archived from the original on 29 November 2014 Retrieved 15 December 2014 a b c Larson Caleb 2021 02 03 The Soviet DShK Heavy Machine Gun Won t Go Away The National Interest Retrieved 2021 12 03 Willbanks 2004 p 121 Small Arms Survey 2008 Light Weapons Products Producers and Proliferation Small Arms Survey 2008 Risk and Resilience Cambridge University Press p 21 ISBN 978 0 521 88040 4 Archived from the original PDF on 2018 08 30 Retrieved 2018 08 30 Harnden Toby 2000 Bandit Country The IRA and South Armagh Coronet Books pp 360 361 ISBN 0 340 71737 8 Mills Dan 2007 16 Sniper One Penguin Group p 192 ISBN 978 0 7181 4994 9 They were Dshkes a Russian made beast of a thing that fires half inch calibre rounds and was designed to bring down helicopters الوكالة العربية السورية للأنباء Archived from the original on 12 November 2013 Retrieved 15 December 2014 a b Willbanks 2004 p 134 Parth Satam January 5 2023 Ukraine Uses Powerful Searchlights amp Anti Aircraft Guns To Neutralize Russian Geran 2 UAVs Used During Night Strikes www eurasiantimes com Retrieved 2023 01 06 THOMAS NEWDICK December 13 2022 Inside Ukraine s Desperate Fight Against Drones With MiG 29 Pilot Juice www thedrive com Retrieved 2023 01 06 Sebastien Roblin December 11 2022 To Stop Killer Drones Ukraine Upgrades Ancient Flak Guns With Consumer Cameras And Tablets www forbes com Retrieved 2023 01 06 a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai aj ak al am an ao ap aq ar as at au av aw ax ay az ba bb bc bd be bf bg bh bi Jones Richard D Ness Leland S eds January 27 2009 Jane s Infantry Weapons 2009 2010 35th ed Coulsdon Jane s Information Group ISBN 978 0 7106 2869 5 Thierry Vircoulon 2014 10 02 Insights from the Burundian Crisis I An Army Divided and Losing its Way International Crisis Group Archived from the original on 2017 05 21 Retrieved 2017 06 12 Cameroon air strikes on Boko Haram BBC News 29 December 2014 Archived from the original on 30 April 2018 Retrieved 19 March 2018 Gander Terry J Hogg Ian V Jane s Infantry Weapons 1995 1996 Jane s Information Group 21 edition May 1995 ISBN 978 0 7106 1241 0 a b c d e Miller David 2001 The Illustrated Directory of 20th Century Guns London Salamander Books Ltd ISBN 978 1 84065 245 1 12 7 mm uberschweres Maschinengewehr DSchK Modell 1938 und Modell 1938 46 Militaertechnik der NVA in German a b G3 Defence Magazine August 2010 calameo com Archived from the original on July 9 2012 Retrieved 15 December 2014 Neville 2018 p 9 NRT 2017 01 25 Peshmerga Ministry There will be no withdraw from liberated areas NRT TV Retrieved 2017 06 25 de Tessieres Savannah April 2012 Enquete nationale sur les armes legeres et de petit calibre en Cote d Ivoire les defis du controle des armes et de la lutte contre la violence armee avant la crise post electorale PDF Report Special Report No 14 in French UNDP Commission Nationale de Lutte contre la Proliferation et la Circulation Illicite des Armes Legeres et de Petit Calibre and Small Arms Survey p 97 Archived from the original PDF on 2018 10 09 Retrieved 2018 08 30 World Armies 2012 10 08 Kenyan Army flicker Archived from the original on 2017 04 06 Retrieved 2017 04 05 Small Arms Survey 2005 Sourcing the Tools of War Small Arms Supplies to Conflict Zones Small Arms Survey 2005 Weapons at War Oxford University Press p 167 ISBN 978 0 19 928085 8 Archived from the original PDF on 2018 08 30 Retrieved 2018 08 29 Mongolian military museum Ulaanbaatar Sights of intersest Archived 2013 11 06 at the Wayback Machine O Halloran Kevin 2012 Rwanda Unamir 1994 1995 Big Sky Publishing ISBN 978 1 921941 48 1 12 7mm DShK heavy machinegun Archived from the original on 16 May 2013 Retrieved 15 May 2013 65 lat dostaw uzbrojenia z Tarnowa 3 June 2018 65 Years of Armament Production in Tarnow 4 September 2020 Gander Terry J 4 May 2001 ROMARM machine guns Jane s Infantry Weapons 2002 2003 p 3407 Small Arms Survey 2014 Weapons tracing in Sudan and South Sudan PDF Small Arms Survey 2014 Women and guns PDF Cambridge University Press p 224 Archived from the original PDF on 2016 10 14 Retrieved 2018 08 29 Reported use by intelligence agency Archived from the original on 2016 07 24 Ukrainian Modified DShK with Buttstock Picatinny Rail and Bipod in Ground Role The Firearm Blog 19 December 2017 Further reading EditLeszek Erenfeicht 29 August 2012 Dushka The Soviet Fifty Caliber Small Arms Defense Journal Vol 4 No 3 Koll Christian 2009 Soviet Cannon A Comprehensive Study of Soviet Arms and Ammunition in Calibres 12 7mm to 57mm Austria Koll p 53 ISBN 978 3 200 01445 9 External links Edit Wikimedia Commons has media related to DShK DShK and DShKM at guns ru Video of Operation Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title DShK amp oldid 1134919145, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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