ISO/IEC 8859-8
ISO/IEC 8859-8, Information technology — 8-bit single-byte coded graphic character sets — Part 8: Latin/Hebrew alphabet, is part of the ISO/IEC 8859 series of ASCII-based standard character encodings. ISO/IEC 8859-8:1999 from 1999 represents its second and current revision, preceded by the first edition ISO/IEC 8859-8:1988 in 1988. It is informally referred to as Latin/Hebrew. ISO/IEC 8859-8 covers all the Hebrew letters, but no Hebrew vowel signs. IBM assigned code page 916 (CCSIDs 916 and 5012) to it.[2][3][4] This character set was also adopted by Israeli Standard SI1311:2002, with some extensions.
| MIME / IANA | ISO-8859-8 |
|---|---|
| Alias(es) | iso-ir-138, hebrew, csISOLatinHebrew[1] |
| Language(s) | Hebrew, English |
| Standard | ISO/IEC 8859-8, ECMA-121, SI 1311 |
| Classification | extended ASCII, ISO 8859 |
| Based on | DEC Hebrew (8-bit), ISO/IEC 8859-1 |
| Other related encoding(s) | Windows-1255 |
ISO-8859-8 is the IANA preferred charset name for this standard when supplemented with the C0 and C1 control codes from ISO/IEC 6429. The text is (usually) in logical order, so bidi processing is required for display. Nominally ISO-8859-8 (code page 28598) is for “visual order”, and ISO-8859-8-I (code page 38598) is for logical order. But usually in practice, and required for XML documents,[citation needed] ISO-8859-8 also stands for logical order text. The WHATWG Encoding Standard used by HTML5 treats ISO-8859-8 and ISO-8859-8-I as distinct encodings with the same mapping due to influence on the layout direction, but notes that this no longer applies to ISO-8859-6 (Arabic), only to ISO-8859-8.[5]
There is also ISO-8859-8-E which supposedly requires directionality to be explicitly specified with special control characters; this latter variant is in practice unused.
The Microsoft Windows code page for Hebrew, Windows-1255, is mostly an extension of ISO/IEC 8859-8 without C1 controls, except for the omission of the double underscore, and replacement of the generic currency sign (¤) with the sheqel sign (₪). It adds support for vowel points as combining characters, and some additional punctuation.
Over a decade after the publication of that standard, Unicode is preferred, at least for the Internet[6] (meaning UTF-8, the dominant encoding for web pages). ISO-8859-8 is used by less than 0.1% of websites.[7]
Code page layout edit
| 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | A | B | C | D | E | F | |
| 0x | ||||||||||||||||
| 1x | ||||||||||||||||
| 2x | SP | ! | " | # | $ | % | & | ' | ( | ) | * | + | , | - | . | / |
| 3x | 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | : | ; | < | = | > | ? |
| 4x | @ | A | B | C | D | E | F | G | H | I | J | K | L | M | N | O |
| 5x | P | Q | R | S | T | U | V | W | X | Y | Z | [ | \ | ] | ^ | _ |
| 6x | ` | a | b | c | d | e | f | g | h | i | j | k | l | m | n | o |
| 7x | p | q | r | s | t | u | v | w | x | y | z | { | | | } | ~ | |
| 8x | ||||||||||||||||
| 9x | ||||||||||||||||
| Ax | NBSP | ¢ | £ | ¤ | ¥ | ¦ | § | ¨ | © | × | « | ¬ | SHY | ® | ¯ | |
| Bx | ° | ± | ² | ³ | ´ | µ | ¶ | · | ¸ | ¹ | ÷ | » | ¼ | ½ | ¾ | |
| Cx | ||||||||||||||||
| Dx | ‗ | |||||||||||||||
| Ex | א | ב | ג | ד | ה | ו | ז | ח | ט | י | ך | כ | ל | ם | מ | ן |
| Fx | נ | ס | ע | ף | פ | ץ | צ | ק | ר | ש | ת | LRM | RLM |
FD is left-to-right mark (U+200E) and FE is right-to-left mark (U+200F), as specified in a newer amendment as ISO/IEC 8859-8:1999.
2002 Israeli Standard extensions edit
Israeli Standard SI1311:2002 matches ISO/IEC 8859-8:1999 except for a number of additional character allocations for the euro sign, new shekel sign and more advanced explicit bidirectional formatting.[12]
| 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | A | B | C | D | E | F | |
| Dx | € | ₪ | LRO | RLO | ‗ | |||||||||||
| Ex | א | ב | ג | ד | ה | ו | ז | ח | ט | י | ך | כ | ל | ם | מ | ן |
| Fx | נ | ס | ע | ף | פ | ץ | צ | ק | ר | ש | ת | LRE | RLE | LRM | RLM |
See also edit
- 8-bit DEC Hebrew (similar DEC code page)
- Code page 1255 (similar Windows code page)
- SI 960
- 7-bit DEC Hebrew
References edit
- ^ Character Sets, Internet Assigned Numbers Authority (IANA), 2018-12-12
- ^ . Archived from the original on 2017-02-16.
- ^ . Archived from the original on 2014-11-29.
- ^ . Archived from the original on 2016-03-27.
- ^ van Kesteren, Anne. "9. Legacy single-byte encodings". Encoding Standard. WHATWG.
Note: ISO-8859-8 and ISO-8859-8-I are distinct encoding names, because ISO-8859-8 has influence on the layout direction. And although historically this might have been the case for ISO-8859-6 and "ISO-8859-6-I" as well, that is no longer true.
- ^ John, Nicholas A. (2013). "The Construction of the Multilingual Internet: Unicode, Hebrew, and Globalization". Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication. 18 (3): 321–338. doi:10.1111/jcc4.12015. ISSN 1083-6101.
Background: the problem of Hebrew and the Internet
- ^ "Usage Statistics of ISO-8859-8 for Websites, January 2019". w3techs.com. Retrieved 2019-01-17.
- ^ Code Page CPGID 00916 (pdf) (PDF), IBM
- ^ Code Page CPGID 00916 (txt), IBM
- ^ International Components for Unicode (ICU), ibm-916_P100-1995.ucm, 2002-12-03
- ^ International Components for Unicode (ICU), ibm-5012_P100-1999.ucm, 2002-12-03
- ^ a b Standards Institution of Israel. ISO-IR-234: Latin/Hebrew character set for 8-bit codes (PDF). ITSCJ/IPSJ.
External links edit
- ISO/IEC 8859-8:1999
- Standard ECMA-121 - 8-Bit Single-Byte Coded Graphics Character Sets - Latin/Hebrew Alphabet
- Israeli Standard SI1311:2002 2005-11-24 at the Wayback Machine (Hebrew)
- ISO-IR registrations:
- From ECMA-121:1987 and following ISO/IEC 8859-8:1988: European Computer Manufacturers Association (1987-07-31). ISO-IR-138: Latin/Hebrew Alphabet (PDF). ITSCJ/IPSJ.
- Following ISO/IEC 8859-8:1999 and ECMA-121:2000: Standards Institution of Israel (1998-05-01). ISO-IR-198: Latin/Hebrew Alphabet (PDF). ITSCJ/IPSJ.
- From SI 1311:2002: Standards Institution of Israel (2004-07-20). ISO-IR-234: Latin/Hebrew character set for 8-bit codes (PDF). ITSCJ/IPSJ.