Central Pashto (Pashto: منځنۍ پښتو) (manźanəi pax̌to) are the middle dialects of MangalDzadrāṇi, Banusi and Waziri.[2][3] They have been affected by what Ibrahim Khan terms as "the Great Karlāṇ Vowel Shift".[4]
There is presence of the additional vowels close-mid central rounded vowel /ɵ/ and open back rounded vowel /ɒː / in Apridi. The following vowel shift has been noted by Josef Elfenbein:[10]
The [a] in Pashto can become [ɑ] and also [e] in Apridi:
In Waziri dialect the [ɑ] in most other dialects of Pashto becomes [ɔː] in Northern Waziri and [ɒː] in Southern Waziri.[14]
Meaning
Standard Pashto
N.Wazirwola
S. Wazirwola
ماسته
yougurt
/mɑs.t̪əˈ/
/mɔːs.ˈt̪ə/
/mɒːs.ˈt̪ə/
پاڼه
leaf
/pɑˈ.ɳa/
/ˈpɔː.ɳjɛː/
/ˈpɒː.ɳjɛː/
In Waziri dialect the stressed [o] in most other dialects of Pashto becomes [œː] and [ɛː]. The [o] in general Pashto may also become [jɛ] or [wɛː]. [14]
^Rensch, Calvin Ross (1992). Sociolinguistic Survey of Northern Pakistan: Pashto, Waneci, Ormuri. National Institute of Pakistan Studies, Quaid-i-Azam University. pp. 79–146.
Jazab, Yousaf Khan. An Ethno-Linguistic Study of the Karlanri Varieties of Pashto. Pashto Academy, University of Peshawar. p. 62.
Kaye, Alan S. (1997-06-30). Phonologies of Asia and Africa: (including the Caucasus). Eisenbrauns. ISBN978-1-57506-019-4.
Septfonds, Daniel (1994). Le dzadrâni: un parler pashto du Paktyâ (Afghanistan) (in French). I. Peeters. ISBN978-2-908322-16-3.
October 21, 2023
central, pashto, pashto, منځنۍ, پښتو, manźanəi, middle, dialects, mangal, dzadrāṇi, banusi, waziri, they, have, been, affected, what, ibrahim, khan, terms, great, karlāṇ, vowel, shift, native, toafghanistan, pakistanethnicitypashtuns, tūn, native, speakers6, m. Central Pashto Pashto منځنۍ پښتو manzanei pax to are the middle dialects of Mangal Dzadraṇi Banusi and Waziri 2 3 They have been affected by what Ibrahim Khan terms as the Great Karlaṇ Vowel Shift 4 Central PashtoNative toAfghanistan PakistanEthnicityPashtuns Pax tun Native speakers6 5 million 2013 1 Language familyIndo European Indo IranianIranianEastern IranianNortheasternPashtoCentral PashtoWriting systemArabic Pashto alphabet Official statusRegulated byAcademy of Sciences of AfghanistanLanguage codesISO 639 3 a href https iso639 3 sil org code pst class extiw title iso639 3 pst pst a Glottologcent1973Central Dialects موږ Waziri source source source miʒ Problems playing this file See media help Here is a comparison of Middle Dialects with South Eastern Central Dialects ښ ږ څ ځ ژWaziri ʃ ʒ t s d z ʒDzadraṇi 5 c ʝ t s d z ʒBanusi 6 ʃ ʒ t s s d z z ʒContents 1 Northern 1 1 Zadrani 1 2 Vowel Shift 1 3 Apridi 1 3 1 Vowel Shift 1 3 2 Lexical Comparison 1 3 3 Sample Text 1 4 Kurama 2 Southern 2 1 Waziri 2 1 1 Vowel Shift 2 1 2 Diphthongs in Waziri 2 2 Khattak 2 2 1 Vowel Lengthening 2 2 2 Vocabulary 2 3 Baniswola Banusi 2 3 1 Nasalisation 2 3 2 Stress 3 References 3 1 BibliographyNorthern EditZadrani Edit Daniel Septfonds provides the following example 7 Sentence NotesDzadraṇi دا يې تو په اورشو کې ميږ پروتۀ يي da ye to pe orso ke miʝ prote yi The preposition يېis used instead of the د de د تا ستا The first person plural يو changes to يي The a can change into o as in تا and پراتۀKandahar دا ستا په ورشو کې موږ پراتۀ يو da sta pe warso ke muẓ prate yuMeaning On this meadow of yours we are lying located Vowel Shift Edit In Zadraṇi a vowel shift like Waziri has been noted 8 Kandahar Meaning Zadrani N Wazirwolaهوښيار huʂ ˈjɑr huṣ ya r Intelligent ox yor oc ˈjor osyor ɔʃ ˈjɔr پياله pjɑ ˈla pyala Cup pyola pyela pjo ˈla pjo ˈla pyola pjɔ ˈla Apridi Edit Afridi Apridi is also categorised as a Northern Phonology 9 Vowel Shift Edit See also Pashto phonology There is presence of the additional vowels close mid central rounded vowel ɵ and open back rounded vowel ɒː in Apridi The following vowel shift has been noted by Josef Elfenbein 10 The a in Pashto can become ɑ and also e in Apridi Northeastern General IPA Apridi IPA Meaning las lɑs ten ɣag ɣɑg sound ʃpag ʃpeg six wraz wrez dayThe ɑ in Pashto can become ɒː in Apridi Northeastern General IPA Apridi IPA Meaning ˈban d e ˈbɒːn d e uponThe o in Pashto can becomes ɵ in Apridi Northeastern General IPA Apridi IPA Meaning mor mɵr motherThe u in Pashto can becomes i in Apridi Northeastern General IPA Apridi IPA Meaning u ˈd e wi ˈd e asleepLexical Comparison Edit Naseem Khan Naseem provides the following list 11 Apridi Yusapzai Meaningکالۀ kale کور kor houseخور 12 xɵr خور xor sisterمړييې 13 maṛiye ډوډۍ ḍoḍe i foodپلور 12 plɒr پلار plar fatherSample Text Edit nbsp Sample Text Audio Speaker Sahil Apridi poet source source source ˈpɵr t a ʃo bjel ke nɒs ˈt o Problems playing this file See media help The following difference can be noticed in pronunciation Literary Pashto Apridi Pashto Yusapzai Pashto Meaningپورته شو بېل کښېناستۀ pɵ rta so byel kenɒsto porta so byal kenasto he went ahead sat separately porta so bel kx enaste Kurama Edit nbsp Kurama Example Speaker from Central Kurram Agency source source source Problems playing this file See media help The following is an example from Central Kurram agency where a change in ɑ to ɔ can be seen Literary Pashto Kurram Pashto Meaningهغه ددې نه ډېر بهتر و خو چې اوس ړنګ شو خدای نه راغله بس اوس موږ دې کښې ډېر خوشحاله يو aga da de na ḍer bextar u xo ce os ṛang so xodai na rɔ gla bas os mug de ke ḍer xosɔ la yu That was much better than this But now that it is destroyed it came from God Now we are very happy in this that s all haga da de na ḍer behtar we xo ce os ṛang so xwdai na ra gla bas os mug de kx e ḍer xosa la yu Southern EditWaziri Edit Vowel Shift Edit nbsp Comparison of Vowels North Waziristan ɔ source source source N Waziri Zakar Khel ḍer ḍeṛ taklip gwɔṛi Meaning to you Yusapzai Pashto ډېر ډېر تکليف غواړي ḍer ḍeṛ taklip gwaṛi South Waziristan ɒ source source source S Waziri Maseedwola byɒ ce kima du Meaning then that which they Yusapzai Pasht بيا چې کومه دوی bya ce koma duy Problems playing these files See media help In Waziri Pashto there is also a vowel shiftIn Waziri dialect the ɑ in most other dialects of Pashto becomes ɔː in Northern Waziri and ɒː in Southern Waziri 14 Meaning Standard Pashto N Wazirwola S Wazirwolaماسته yougurt mɑs t eˈ mɔːs ˈt e mɒːs ˈt e پاڼه leaf pɑˈ ɳa ˈpɔː ɳjɛː ˈpɒː ɳjɛː In Waziri dialect the stressed o in most other dialects of Pashto becomes œː and ɛː The o in general Pashto may also become jɛ or wɛː 14 Meaning Standard Pashto Wazirwolaلور sickle lor lœːr وړه flour o ɽeˈ ɛː ˈɽe اوږه shoulder o ɡaˈ jɛ ˈʒa اوس now os wɛːs In Waziri dialect the stressed u in general Pashto becomes iː 15 Meaning Standard Pashto Wazirwolaموږ we muɡ miːʒ نوم name num niːm When u in begins a word in general Pashto can become wiː jiː or w ɛ Meaning Standard Pashto Wazirwolaاوم raw um jiːm اوږه garlic ˈu ɡa ˈwiː ʒa اوده asleep u ˈd e wɜ ˈd e Diphthongs in Waziri Edit A change is noticed 16 Standard Pronunciation Waziriaɪ aɪˈaɪˈeɪ ˈaɪoɪ oːi œːiuɪ oˈjeawɑiɑwKhattak Edit Vowel Lengthening Edit The Khattak dialect as deduced by Yusuf Khan Jazab in contrast to non Karaṇi dialects differentiates lexemes in term of vowel lengthening 17 Example between e and eː transcribed as e and e respectively to indicated the distinction Khattak Standard Pashto Meaningde de xabe re de de xabe re Of this talkIPA d e d eː xa ˈbe re d e d e xa ˈbe re Vocabulary Edit The following words which are rare in Kandhari and Yusapzai Pashto were noted by Yousaf Khan Jazab in the Khattak dialect 18 Khattak Meaning Variety of Khattak DialectTransliteration Grammarاول awa l noun Saturday Generalباګه ba ga noun knee band Teriبلابس balabas adjective resourceful Generalبنجوڼې banjoṇe noun small pieces of the stems of the gram plantsزبوله zaboleبانګړه ba ngṛa noun dance of men in a circle attanبرېزار bareza r noun brunch timeچوشې cose noun thick threads for fastening sacsدوړنه doṛe na noun mushroomsدوړنګه doṛe ngaدرنګ drang noun mine deposit of mineralsاېتبور etbor noun Sundayګېني geni noun a game played by girlsګيلې gileګوبين gobin noun honeyګډګډی guḍguḍay noun a game played with one legسخی sxayګوډيسمسه guḍisamsa noun a type of a birdګوګره guge ṛa noun cuckoo birdګوتمۍ gutme i noun shopping bagخولۍ رېځ xule i rez noun Saturdayڅلورم saloram noun Monday Teriپينځم pinzam noun Tuesday Generalوودينه wodina noun Thursdayمېلې رېځ mele rez noun Wednesday Teriغولېل gulel noun slingshotغومبکه gumbe ka noun a dish made from grains cooked during a rainy day s with grains given by different households Generalغورکی gurkay noun holeغورمۀ سترګه gurme ste rga noun sunسترګه ste rgaايکونه ikona noun a large pot for storing grainsکېړۍ keṛe i noun sandalsکوړيکت koṛike t noun kabaddi gameکوړکۍ koṛake i noun springleکتريکی kutrikayکړاغه kṛaga noun female crowکاغه ka gaکاړغۀ kaṛge noun male crow Teriکونۍ kune i noun a game in which four players take part Generalکرکمنه kurkame na noun slingshotلېبۍ lebe i noun a collective dance of women in a circleلګاډه lga ḍa noun channelلوګ lug adjective worthlessلوستل lwaste l verb to scatterمنګور mangor noun snackمسلۍ masale i noun storyموی مرغۀ moy me rga noun peacocokنخۍ nexe i noun decorated cloth for the saddle of a cammelنيالي nyali noun a mattress type of blanketنولي noliپڼسی paṇsay noun threadسبينه sabina noun morning Teriسبېيي sabeyi noun morning Generalسلارغوشيې salargosye noun pitchforkستر ster adjective hugeشندل sande l verb to spendشنل sane l verb to shakeشڼول saṇawe lششته susta adjective clear and well organisedشين ټاغې sin ṭa ge noun a blue birdشينشوتتک sinsotatakشينتوتی sintotayشورول sorawe l verb to keepويړول wiṛawe l verb to spreadوويا woya noun eggوراته wra ta noun wifeخوسول xusawe l verb to moveخوړ xweṛ noun channelيږه ye za noun female bearزېړي کوچ zeṛi kuc noun a type of birdBaniswola Banusi Edit nbsp Banusi Nasalisation compared to Standard Pronunciation File Ps Banusi nasalisation wav t le t lem source source source I was going Problems playing this file See media help Nasalisation Edit In the Bannu dialect the nasalisation of vowels has been noted as mentioned by Yousuf Khan Jazab 19 Baniswola Kandahar EnglishNasalised First Person Verbal Suffix ں تلں tle ortlen تلم tlem I was goingCompare with Third Person Masc Sing Verbal Suffix ۀ e تلۀ tle تلۀ tle He was goingStress Edit Further information Pashto phonology Stress As with other dialects stress on a particular syllable can also change the meaning of a word or aspect of the verb 20 BaniswolaLexical Change Final Stress Meaning Initial Stress Meaningغووړي gwoṛi oil غووړي gwoṛi he she they wantsمستې maste yogurt مستې maste lusciousمزديره mezdira maid مزديره me zdira daily wageFinal Stress Imperfective Meaning Non Final Stress Perfective MeaningVerbal Aspect Change کښېنں ksene I am sitting کښېنں ksene I sit now پرېوتلں prewatele I was falling پرېوتلں prewatele I fellReferences Edit Central Pashto at Ethnologue 18th ed 2015 subscription required Glottolog 4 3 Central Pashto glottolog org Retrieved 2020 10 16 David Anne Boyle 2014 Descriptive Grammar of Pashto and Its Dialects De Gruyter Mouton pp 37 40 ISBN 978 1 61451 303 2 Khan Ibrahim 2021 09 07 Tarino and Karlaṇi dialects Pashto 50 661 ISSN 0555 8158 Septfonds 1994 Rensch Calvin Ross 1992 Sociolinguistic Survey of Northern Pakistan Pashto Waneci Ormuri National Institute of Pakistan Studies Quaid i Azam University pp 79 146 Septfonds 1994 p 269 Miller Corey 2014 05 12 The Waziri Chain Shift Journal of Persianate Studies 7 1 124 136 doi 10 1163 18747167 12341267 ISSN 1874 7167 Kaye 1997 p 740 Kaye 1997 pp 750 751 خان نسيم نسيم 2019 د پښتو د دوو غټو لهجو پېښورۍ او قندهارۍ لساني جائزه p 174 a b Kaye 1997 p 751 Kaye 1997 pp 752 753 a b Kaye 1997 p 748 Kaye 1997 p 749 Kaye 1997 pp 751 753 Jazab p 62 Jazab p 339 Jazab p 63 Jazab pp 65 66 Bibliography Edit Jazab Yousaf Khan An Ethno Linguistic Study of the Karlanri Varieties of Pashto Pashto Academy University of Peshawar p 62 Kaye Alan S 1997 06 30 Phonologies of Asia and Africa including the Caucasus Eisenbrauns ISBN 978 1 57506 019 4 Septfonds Daniel 1994 Le dzadrani un parler pashto du Paktya Afghanistan in French I Peeters ISBN 978 2 908322 16 3 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Central Pashto amp oldid 1164284346, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
