Kabaddi
Kabaddi (also known as kaudi) is a contact team sport played between two teams of seven players. The objective of the game is for a single player on offense, referred to as a "raider", to run into the opposing team's half of the court, touch out as many of their players and return to their own half of the court, all without being tackled by the defenders in 30 seconds. Points are scored for each player tagged by the raider, while the opposing team earns a point for stopping the raider. Players are taken out of the game if they are touched or tackled, but are brought back in for each point scored by their team from a tag or a tackle.
Kabaddi being played at the 2018 Asian Games | |
| Highest governing body | International Kabaddi Federation |
|---|---|
| Nicknames | Sadugudu, Kaudi, Pakaada, Ha-du-du, Bhavatik, Saadukuda, Hu-Tu-Tu, Himoshika |
| Characteristics | |
| Contact | Full |
| Team members | 7 (per side) |
| Mixed-sex | No, competitions are separate for male and female |
| Type | Team sport, Contact sport |
| Equipment | None |
| Venue | Kabaddi court |
| Presence | |
| Country or region | Indian subcontinent[1] |
| Olympic | Demonstration sport: 1936 Olympics |
It is popular in the Indian subcontinent and other surrounding Asian countries. Although accounts of kabaddi appear in the histories of ancient India, the game was popularised as a competitive sport in the 20th century. It is the national sport of Bangladesh.[2] It is the state game of the Indian states of Andhra Pradesh, Bihar, Chhattisgarh, Haryana, Karnataka, Kerala, Maharashtra, Odisha, Punjab, Tamil Nadu, Telangana, and Uttar Pradesh.[3]
There are two major disciplines: "Punjabi kabaddi", also called "circle styles", comprises traditional forms of the sport that are played on a circular field outdoors, and the "standard style", on a rectangular court indoors, is played in major professional leagues and international competitions such as the Asian Games.
This game is known by numerous names in different parts of the Indian subcontinent, such as: kabaddi or chedugudu in Andhra Pradesh and Telangana; kabaddi in Maharashtra, Karnataka and Kerala; kabaddi, komonti or ha-du-du in West Bengal and Bangladesh; baibalaa in Maldives, kauddi or kabaddi in the Punjab region; hu-tu-tu in Western India, ha-do-do in Eastern India; chadakudu in South India; kapardi in Nepal; kabadi or sadugudu in Tamil Nadu; and chakgudu in Sri Lanka.[4]
History Edit
Kabaddi is a sport developed centered on Jallikattu. It was common among the Ayar tribal people who lived in the Mullai geographical region of ancient Tamil Nadu.[5][6][7] A player going to the opposition is treated like a Bull. It is like taming a bull without touching it, as it is mentioned in Sangam Literature that the game called Sadugudu was practised since ages. There are also accounts of Gautam Buddha having played the game recreationally.[8][9][10] According to another version of this sport's origins, kabaddi originated in Tamil Nadu over 4,000 years ago.[11]
The game was said to have been popular among the Yadava people. An Abhang by Tukaram stated that the lord Krishna played the game in his youth.
Modern kabaddi is a synthesis of the game played in various forms under different names in the Indian subcontinent.[12] India has been first credited with having helped to popularise kabaddi as a competitive sport, with the first organized competitions occurring in the 1920s,[13] their introduction to the programme of the Indian Olympic Games in 1938, the establishment of the All-India Kabaddi Federation in 1950,[13] and it being played as a demonstration sport at the inaugural 1951 Asian Games in New Delhi. These developments helped to formalize the sport, which had traditionally been played in villages, for legitimate international competition.[8][9][10]
After being demonstrated again at the 1982 Asian Games in Delhi, Kabaddi was added to the Asian Games programme beginning in 1990.[14]
Variations Edit
Standard style Edit
In the international team version of kabaddi, two teams of seven members each occupy opposite halves of a court of 10 by 13 metres (33 ft × 43 ft) in case of men and 8 by 12 metres (26 ft × 39 ft) in case of women.[13] Each has five supplementary players held in reserve for substitution.[13] The game is played with 20-minute halves with a 5-minute half time break in which the teams exchange sides.[13] During each play, known as a "raid", a player from the attacking side, known as the "raider", runs into the opposing team's side of the court and attempts to tag as many of the seven defending players as possible. The raider must cross the baulk line into the defending team's territory, and then return to their half of the field without being tackled. (If an attacker touches a defender and hasn't yet reached the baulk line, they do not need to reach the baulk line to score points and may return to their half of the court.)[15] While raiding, the raider must loudly chant kabaddi, confirming to referees that their raid is done on a single breath without inhaling. Each raid has a 30-second time limit.[16][17][18][19]
A point is scored for each defender tagged; tags can be made with the raider's hand or foot.[20] If the raider steps beyond the bonus line marked in the defending team's territory when there are five or more players, they earn an additional point known as a bonus point. If the raider is successfully stopped (tackled), the opposite team earns a point instead. All players tagged are taken out of the game, but one is "revived" for each point a team scores from a subsequent tag or tackle. Bonus points do not revive players. Players who step out of the boundary are out. A raid where no points are scored by the raider is referred to as an "empty raid". By contrast, a play where the raider scores three or more points is referred to as a "super raid". If a team gets all seven players on the opposing team out at once ("All Out"), they earn two additional points and the players are placed back in the game.[16][17][18][19]
Circle style Edit
There are four major forms of Indian kabaddi recognised by the amateur federation.[4] In Sanjeevani kabaddi, one player is revived against one player of the opposite team who is out. The game is played over 40 minutes with a five-minute break between halves. There are seven players on each side and the team that outs all the players on the opponent's side scores four extra points.
In Gaminee style, seven players play on each side and a player put out has to remain out until all his team members are out. The team that is successful in outing all the players of the opponent's side secures a point. The game continues until five or seven such points are secured and has no fixed time duration.
Amar style resembles the Sanjeevani form in the time frame rule, but a player who is declared out stays inside the court while play continues. For every player of the opposition touched "out", a team earns a point.[21]
Punjabi kabaddi is a variation that is played on a circular pitch of a diameter of 22 metres (72 ft).[22]
Major competitions Edit
The following competitions are played in standard format, for that of circle style kabaddi, see Punjabi kabaddi.[citation needed]
Kabaddi World Cup Edit
The Kabaddi World Cup is an outdoor international standard style kabaddi competition conducted by the International Kabaddi Federation (IKF), contested by men's and women's national teams. The competition has been previously contested in 2004, 2007 and 2016. All the tournaments have been won by India. India defeated Iran by 38–29 in the final of the championship game to clinch the title of 2016.[23][24]
After the establishment of a new kabaddi organization named World Kabaddi Federation,[25] a 2019 Kabaddi World Cup was held in April 2019 at Malacca, Malaysia. It was the largest world cup in kabaddi history, consisting of 32 men's teams and 24 women's teams.[26]
Asian Games Edit
Kabaddi was played as a demonstration event at the First Asian Games in 1951,[8][9][10] and again in 1982,[14] before becoming a medal event for the first time in 1990.[14]
The Indian national team won every men's and women's kabaddi competition in the Asian Games from 2002 through 2014. At the 2018 Asian Games, Iran became the first country other than India to win gold medals in kabaddi, with India's men's team winning bronze, and India's women's team being beaten by Iran to win silver.[27]
Pro Kabaddi League Edit
The Pro Kabaddi League was established in 2014.[28] The league modeled its business upon that of the Indian Premier League of Twenty20 cricket, with a large focus on marketing, the backing of local broadcaster Star Sports, and changes to the sport's rules and its presentation to make it more suitable for a television audience.[29] The Pro Kabaddi League quickly became a ratings success on Indian television; the 2014 season was watched by at least 435 million viewers over the course of the season, and the inaugural championship match was seen by 98.6 million viewers.[30][31]
All players in the league must be strictly under 85 kg of weight.
Additional rules are used in the Pro Kabaddi League to encourage scoring: when a defensive side has three or fewer players remaining, tackles are worth two points instead of one. Furthermore, if a team performs two empty raids in a row, the next raider must score a point, or else they will be declared out and the opposing team will score a point.[16][17][18][19]
Indo International Premier Kabaddi League Edit
The inaugural edition of the IIPKL was on 13 May at Pune, India.[32] The title for the inaugural season was won by the Bangalore Rhinos.[33]
Super Kabaddi League Edit
In May 2018, the Super Kabaddi League was first held in Pakistan, as part of a larger push to promote renewed interest in the sport in Pakistan.[34][35][36]
Asian Kabaddi Championship Edit
AKC's tenth season was played in Gorgan, Iran, in 2017 in which India won its tenth gold by defeating Pakistan in the finals.[37]
Kabaddi Masters Edit
The inaugural edition of the Kabaddi Masters was held in Dubai, 22–30 June 2018. It was the first kabaddi tournament to be held in the UAE. It featured 6 teams. India won the tournament by defeating Iran in the final with a scoreline of 44–26, with the Indian Defense outperforming the Iran Defense.[38]
Junior World Kabaddi championship Edit
The inaugural Junior Kabaddi World Championship was held in Kish island, Iran, 11–14 November 2019. It featured 13 teams.[39] Iran won the tournament by defeating Kenya in the final, 42–22. Team India did not participate in this tournament.[40]
Yuva Kabaddi Series Edit
Yuva Kabaddi Series is a long duration tournament for the youth players of India, limited to players under 23 years of age and under 80 kg in weight. The inaugural Yuva Kabaddi Series was conducted in Jaipur in June 2022.[41] Three tournaments were conducted in 2022: Summer Edition in Jaipur, Monsoon Edition at Ranchi,[42] and Winter Edition at Pondicherry; and two in 2023: the KMP YKS[43] in Maharashtra[44] (which was won by Ahmednagar) and Summer Edition Mysore.[45] For the first time in the history of Indian kabaddi, players from the North East will be playing in a tournament of this stature.
Yuva Kabaddi Series was founded by uMumba CEO Suhail Chandhok and Vikas Kumar Gautam.[46]
European Kabaddi championship Edit
The first edition of European Kabaddi Championship was held in Scotland in 2019. The final match was between Poland and Holland, Poland won the tournament. Final score was Poland 47–27 Holland.[47] The second edition was held in Cyprus in 2021 which was organized by World Kabaddi Federation. Poland retained their title by beating hosts Cyprus in the final, 29-15.[48] Italy is set to host the third edition in 2022.[49]
Popularity Edit
This section needs additional citations for verification. (April 2021) |
Kabaddi is a popular sport in the Indian subcontinent.[50] The governing federation for kabaddi in India is the Amateur Kabaddi Federation of India (AKFI), which was founded in 1973 and compiled a standard set of rules. The governing body for kabaddi in Pakistan is Pakistan Kabaddi Federation.
In Bangladesh, Kabaddi is known with a different name called "Ha-du-du". Ha-du-du has no definite rules and is played with different rules in different areas. Kabaddi is the national sport of Bangladesh, given official status in 1972.[51] The Amateur Kabaddi Federation of Bangladesh was formed in 1973.
In Iran, the Community of Kabaddi was formed in 1996 (the same year they joined the Asian Kabaddi Federation), and in 2001 they joined the International Kabaddi Federation. The Iran Amateur Kabaddi Federation was formed in 2004.
Kabaddi is among the national sports of Nepal. Kabaddi is played and taught in most primary schools beginning in about the third grade in most Nepali schools. Kabaddi was also played by the British Army for fun, to keep fit and as an enticement to recruit soldiers from the British Asian community. Kabaddi was brought to United Kingdom by Bangladeshi, Indian, Pakistani, Nepali and Sri Lankan immigrants.
Media Edit
Movies Edit
- Okkadu (Telugu; 2003): A state-level kabaddi player trying to prove to his parents that he can be successful in it. The film was subsequently remade in four other Indian languages. It has since been remade in Tamil as Ghilli and Kannada as Ajay.
- Student of the Year 2 (Hindi; 2019): A kabaddi player tries to become student of the year.
- Panga (Hindi; 2020): A former kabaddi world champion attempts a comeback after being a mother for 7 years.
- Pardes (Hindi; 1997): Rajiv and Arjun play a kabaddi match to ensure that Ganga remains Rajiv's fiancé.
Television Edit
- Burning Kabaddi (2021): A Japanese anime about a high school Kabaddi team. It is based on the manga of the same name.[52][53][54]
- Massage Detective Joe (2017): In the seventh episode of this Japanese TV show, massage therapist Joe deduces with his extraordinary skills as a massage detective that the killer must be a Kabaddi player. After that, an introduction to Kabaddi is given to the Japanese audience.[55]
See also Edit
References Edit
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- ^ "Bangladesh". Olympic Council of Asia.
- ^ siddharth (31 December 2016). "Kabaddi Introduction, Rules, Information, History & Competitions". Sportycious. Retrieved 28 January 2020.
- ^ a b "Kabaddi | Kabbadi Rules | How to play Kabbadi | Kabbadi Players | YoGems". 29 June 2020. Retrieved 24 January 2021.
- ^ "Kabaddi: Origins, History, And How It Became India's Fastest Growing Sport". www.casino.org. 2 December 2022. Retrieved 19 January 2023.
- ^ "'ஜல்லிக்கட்டு' ஆன 'சல்லிக்கட்டு'... தொன்மையும் வரலாறும் - ஒரு பார்வை". www.puthiyathalaimurai.com. Retrieved 17 January 2023.
- ^ "ஈராயிரம் ஆண்டுகளைக் கடந்து தமிழர் வாழ்வில் அங்கமாக திகழும் ஜல்லிக்கட்டு - வரலாறு என்ன?". www.tamil.news18.com. Retrieved 17 January 2023.
- ^ a b c Sengupta, Debdatta (22 October 2016). "The kabaddi question - whose game is it anyway?". ESPN.com. Retrieved 20 August 2018.
- ^ a b c Sen, Ronojoy (27 October 2015). Nation at Play: A History of Sport in India. Columbia University Press. ISBN 978-0-231-53993-7.
- ^ a b c Hoque, Shishir (14 December 2016). "A tale of kabaddi, Bangladesh's national sport". Dhaka Tribune it was started by sidra. Retrieved 31 July 2017.
- ^ "History of Kabbadi - Pro Kabbadi League Success Story & Song - Star India". www.disneystar.com. Retrieved 1 November 2022.
- ^ Chaudhary, Vivek (Sportswriter) (2018). Kabaddi by NATURE. New Delhi. ISBN 978-93-82622-28-4. OCLC 1065964564.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link) - ^ a b c d e Jha, Tarkesh. "Kabaddi: Origin, rules and the Pro Kabaddi League". Khel Now. Retrieved 24 January 2021.
- ^ a b c Chaudhary, Amit (3 August 2014). "Kabaddi goes international". Daily Pioneer. Retrieved 23 August 2018.
- ^ "Pro Kabaddi Rules". prokabaddi.com.
- ^ a b c . International Kabaddi Federation (IKF). Archived from the original on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 26 August 2014.
- ^ a b c "Kabaddi World Cup 2016: A handy guide to the format, rules and how the sport works". Firstpost. 5 October 2016. Retrieved 29 October 2017.
- ^ a b c Sengupta, Debdatta (27 July 2017). "Kabaddi 101: Raid, defend, revive, repeat". ESPN.com. Retrieved 29 October 2017.
- ^ a b c Chandhok, Suhail (30 January 2016). "Everything you need to know about Kabaddi". The Indian Express. Retrieved 29 October 2017.
- ^ "5 raiding moves that create an impact in kabaddi". vivo Pro Kabaddi League. Retrieved 15 January 2023.
- ^ Manohar, Tej (7 March 2014). "Kabaddi In India: Origins, success and current pitiable state". Sportskeeda.com. Retrieved 17 March 2015.
- ^ Kissa 2 Kabaddi da. Sarwan Singh Sangam Publications. 2014. ISBN 978-93-83654-65-9.
- ^ "India beat Iran to clinch title". sports.ndtv.com. 22 October 2016. Retrieved 22 October 2016.
- ^ "India win Kabaddi World Cup". Hindustan Times. PTI. 23 October 2016. Retrieved 23 October 2016.
- ^ "World Kabaddi Federation, The World Governing Body of Kabaddi". worldkabaddi.org. Retrieved 24 January 2021.
- ^ Sain, Vijay (19 November 2018). "Exciting news for Kabaddi fans! World Cup Kabaddi 2019 set to kick off from April 2019". Sportskeeda. Retrieved 13 May 2020.
- ^ "India's golden run ended". India Today. Reuters inputs. 25 August 2018. Retrieved 25 August 2018.
- ^ "About PKL - VIVO Pro Kabaddi". vivo Pro Kabaddi League 2019 | Schedule, Live Scores, News, Team, Player list and more. Retrieved 24 January 2021.
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- ^ Safi, Alam Zeb (25 November 2018). "The importance of professional leagues". The News on Sunday. Retrieved 19 December 2018.
- ^ Patwardhan, Deepti (26 June 2018). "Beleaguered no more: Kabaddi gains popularity in Pakistan". The New Indian Express. Retrieved 19 December 2018.
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- ^ "Asian Kabaddi Championship 2017: Ajay Thakur-inspired India thump Pakistan in final to win men's title". Firstpost. 26 November 2017. Retrieved 14 May 2020.
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- ^ Singh, Navneet (28 July 2020). "Team India did not participate". Hindustan Times. Retrieved 28 July 2020.
- ^ "Yuva Kabaddi Series SE 2022 Full Match Schedule, Highlights, Live Score and More". Kabaddi Adda. Retrieved 16 June 2023.
- ^ TheSportsGrail (10 September 2022). "Yuva Kabaddi Series Monsoon Edition 2022 Schedule, Date, Time, Teams List, Points Table, Venue, Squads Players List, Live Streaming". The SportsGrail. Retrieved 16 June 2023.
- ^ Mhatre, Roshan (19 March 2023). "Yuva Kabaddi Series 4th Edition to begin on 30th March 2023". www.sportskeeda.com. Retrieved 16 June 2023.
- ^ "Ahmednagar District Periyar Panthers Clinched The Title Of Yuva Kabaddi Series Inter District Youth League 2023". Khel Kabaddi. 16 June 2023. Retrieved 16 June 2023.
- ^ "Yuva Kabaddi Series Summer Edition 2023 points table: Know the latest standings". SportsAdda. 16 June 2023. Retrieved 16 June 2023.
- ^ Release, Press (10 March 2023). "PKL 2023: U Mumba appoints sports commentator Suhail Chandok as new CEO ahead of Pro Kabaddi League 2023 - Check Out". www.insidesport.in. Retrieved 16 June 2023.
- ^ "Poland wins European Kabaddi Championships". www.thefirstnews.com. Retrieved 3 June 2021.
- ^ "Live Blog: Day 2 European Kabaddi Championships". 31 October 2021. Retrieved 31 October 2021.
- ^ "Italy to host the third edition of European Kabaddi Championships". theworldkabaddi.org. 8 February 2022. Retrieved 8 February 2022.
- ^ dirango (7 September 2018). "Pro Kabaddi League Drives Surge in Interest for India's Fastest-Growing Sport". Nielsen Sports. Retrieved 16 June 2023.
- ^ Faroqi, Gofran. "Kabadi". Banglapedia: National Encyclopedia of Bangladesh. Asiatic Society of Bangladesh.
- ^ "Burning Kabaddi Sports TV Anime's Promo Video Streamed". Anime News Network. Retrieved 6 August 2021.
- ^ "Burning Kabaddi: 10 Ways It Gets Kabaddi Right". ScreenRant. 20 June 2021. Retrieved 6 August 2021.
- ^ "灼熱カバディ｜テレビ東京アニメ公式". www.tv-tokyo.co.jp (in Japanese). Retrieved 6 August 2021.
- ^ "Massage Detective Joe: Episode 7". TV Tokyo. Retrieved 21 June 2023.
Further reading Edit
- "Kabaddi". Limca Book of Records: India at Her Best. Hachette India. 2018. ISBN 978-93-5195-240-4.
External links Edit
- World Kabaddi
- Asian Amateur Kabaddi Federation official website
- Amateur Kabaddi Federation of India (AKFI) official website
- "A Game Called Kabbadi", slideshow by The New York Times
- Official website