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Aalborg

December 29, 2022

Not to be confused with Aalburg or Alaborg.

Aalborg (/ˈɔːlbɔːrɡ/, US also /ˈɑːl-, ˈɔːlbɔːr/,[9][10][11][12] Danish: [ˈʌlˌpɒˀ] (listen)) is Denmark's fourth largest town (behind Copenhagen, Aarhus, and Odense) with a population of 119,862 (1 July 2022)[13] in the town proper and an urban population of 143,598 (1 July 2022).[13] As of 1 July 2022, the Municipality of Aalborg had a population of 221,082,[14] making it the third most populous in the country after the municipalities of Copenhagen and Aarhus. Eurostat and OECD have used a definition for the Metropolitan area of Aalborg (referred to as a Functional urban area), which includes all municipalities in the Province (Danish: landsdel) of North Jutland (Danish: Nordjylland), with a total population of 594,323 as of 1 July 2022.[15][16][6]

Aalborg
City
Panoramic view of Aalborg (September 2018)
Seal
Coat of arms
Nicknames: 
"Paris of the North",[1] locally "Double A"
Aalborg
Location within Denmark
Aalborg
Location within Scandinavia
Aalborg
Location within Europe
Coordinates: 57°03′N 09°55′E / 57.050°N 9.917°E / 57.050; 9.917Coordinates: 57°03′N 09°55′E / 57.050°N 9.917°E / 57.050; 9.917
Country Denmark
RegionNorth Jutland Region
MunicipalityAalborg
First mention"Alabu" written on coins c. 1035
Official establishment16 June 1342
Government
 • MayorThomas Kastrup-Larsen (S)
Area
[3][4]
 • City50.70 km2 (19.58 sq mi)
 • Urban
61.30 km2 (23.67 sq mi)
 • Metro
7,883.70 km2 (3,043.91 sq mi)
 • Municipal1,137.3 km2 (439.1 sq mi)
Elevation
55 m (180 ft)
Population
 (2022)
 • City119,862[2]
 • Density2,364.14/km2 (6,123.1/sq mi)
 • Urban
143,598[2]
 • Urban density2,342.54/km2 (6,067.2/sq mi)
 • Metro
594,323[5][6][7]
 • Metro density75.39/km2 (195.3/sq mi)
 • Municipality
221,082[8]
 • Municipality density194.39/km2 (503.5/sq mi)
DemonymAalborgenser
Time zoneUTC+1 (Central Europe Time)
 • Summer (DST)UTC+2
Postal codes
9000, 9008, 9020, 9100, 9200, 9210, 9220, 9400
Area code(+45) 9
Websitewww.aalborgkommune.dk

By road Aalborg is 64 kilometres (40 mi) southwest of Frederikshavn, and 118 kilometres (73 mi) north of Aarhus. The distance to Copenhagen is 412 kilometres (256 mi) if travelling by road and not using ferries.

The earliest settlements date to around AD 700. Aalborg's position at the narrowest point on the Limfjord made it an important harbour during the Middle Ages, and later a large industrial centre. Architecturally, the city is known for its half-timbered mansions built by its prosperous merchants. Budolfi Church, now a cathedral, dates from the end of the 14th century and Aalborghus Castle, a royal residence, was built in 1550. Today, Aalborg is a city in transition from a working-class industrial area to a knowledge-based community. A major exporter of grain, cement, and liquors, its thriving business interests include Siemens Wind Power, Aalborg Industries, and Aalborg Portland. These companies have become global producers of wind turbine rotors, marine boilers, and cement.

With its theatres, symphony orchestra, opera company, performance venues, and museums such as Aalborg Historical Museum and the Aalborg Museum of Modern Art, Aalborg is an important cultural hub. The Aalborg Carnival, held at the end of May, is one of the largest festivals in Scandinavia, attracting some 100,000+ people annually. The town's major university is Aalborg University (often abbreviated to AAU), founded in 1974, which has more than 20,000 students (as of 2018).[17] AAU is also North Jutland's largest university and overall academic institution. The University College of Northern Denmark (UCN) is one of seven new regional organisations while the Royal School of Library and Information Science (RSLIS) provides higher education in library and information science. Trænregimentet, the Danish regiment for army supply and emergency medical personnel, is also in Aalborg. Aalborg University Hospital, the largest in the north of Jutland, was founded in 1881.

The football club Aalborg BK, established in 1885 and based at Nordjyske Arena, won the Danish Superliga in the 1994–95 season, the 1998–99 season, the 2007–08 season, and the 2013–14 season. Other sports associations include the ice hockey club Aalborg Pirates, the men's handball team Aalborg Håndbold, the rugby club Aalborg RK, and Aalborg Cricket Club. Aalborg Railway Station, on John F. Kennedys Plads has connected the city to Randers and the south since 1869. Aalborg Airport is just 6 kilometres (3.7 mi) northwest of the city centre, and the E45, a European route from Alta, Norway, to Gela, Italy, passes through Aalborg.

The European Commission has concluded that the citizens of Aalborg are the most satisfied people in Europe with their city.[18]

History

The area around the narrowest point on the Limfjord attracted settlements as far back as the Iron Age leading to a thriving Viking community until around the year 1000 in what has now become Aalborg. In the Middle Ages, royal trading privileges, a natural harbour and a thriving herring fishing industry contributed to the town's growth. Despite the difficulties it experienced over the centuries, the city began to prosper once again towards the end of the 19th century when a bridge was built over Limfjord and the railway arrived. Aalborg's initial growth relied on heavy industry but its current development focuses on culture and education.[19]

Beginnings

 
Hardeknud coin embossed Alabu (c. 1040), the original name of Aalborg

Aalborg traces its history back over a thousand years. It was originally settled as a trading post because of its position on the Limfjord. The sites of what were two settlements and a burial ground can be seen on Lindholm Høje, a hill overlooking the city. These large settlements, one from the 6th-century Germanic Iron Age, the other from the Viking Age in the 9th to 11th centuries,[20] evolved at the narrowest point on Limfjord as a result of the traffic between Himmerland to the south and Vendsyssel to the north.

The first mention of Aalborg under its original name Alabu or Alabur is found on coins from c. 1040, the period when King Harthacnut (Hardeknud) settled in the area. In c. 1075, Adam of Bremen reported that Alaburg, as he called it in German, was an important harbour for ships sailing to Norway.[21] In Valdemar's Danish Census Book from 1231 it was called Aleburgh, possibly meaning "the fort by the stream" as in Old Norse all meant a stream or current and bur or burgh a fort or a castle.[22] The Church of Our Lady in Aalborg was originally built in the early 12th century but was demolished during the Reformation.[23] The Franciscan friary, or Greyfriars, on the east side of Østerå, was probably built around 1240; it was documented in 1268, but like many other Roman Catholic monasteries and convents was shut down in 1530 as a result of the Reformation.[23]

Middle Ages

 
Execution of the rebel Skipper Clement in Viborg, 1536 (engraving by an unknown author, 1574)

Aalborg's earliest trading privileges date from 1342, when King Valdemar IV received the town as part of his huge dowry on marrying Helvig of Schleswig. The privileges were extended by Eric of Pomerania in 1430 and by Christopher of Bavaria in 1441. The town prospered, becoming one of the largest communities in Denmark. Its prosperity increased when the merchant- and trade association Guds Legems Laug was established in 1481, facilitating trade with the Hanseatic League,[23] especially from 1516 when Christian II granted it a monopoly in salting Limfjord's herring.[24] The king frequently visited the town, where he held court and stayed in the old Aalborghus. The herring fishery linked Aalborg to the East coast of England, across the North Sea, both in commercial competition and cultural exchange.[20] During the Middle Ages a number of important institutions were established in Aalborg, including Budolfi Cathedral in the late 14th century and the Hospital of the Holy Ghost, a monastery and nunnery founded in 1451 to help those in need.[23] It was converted into a hospital during the Reformation and is still in use today as a nursing home for the elderly.[23]

In 1530 a large part of the town was destroyed by fire, and in December 1534 it was stormed and plundered by the king's troops after a peasants' revolt known as the Count's Feud led by Skipper Clement. It resulted in the death of up to 2,000 people.[23] The Reformation in 1536 brought about the demolition of the town's two monasteries.[20] As a result of the Reformation, Aalborg became a Lutheran bishopric in 1554.[23]

17th to 19th centuries

 
Aalborg in the 1830s: painting of the old watermill by wine merchant Bock showing the mill pond fed from the Østerå

From the 1550s to the 1640s, as a result of increased foreign trade, Aalborg enjoyed great prosperity, second only to that of Copenhagen. The population grew in parallel with the development of many fine buildings in the city as merchants benefitted from their shipping routes from Norway to Portugal.[25] In 1663, the city suffered yet another serious fire, which destroyed the tower of Budolfi Church.[26]

During the second half of the 18th century, Aalborg entered a further period of prosperity. In Erik Pontoppidan's Danske Atlas (Danish Atlas) it was described as "after Copenhagen, the best and most prosperous market town in Denmark".[27] The population grew from 4,160 in 1769 to 5,579 in 1801. In 1767, the second newspaper ever published in Denmark appeared in the city.[19]

After Denmark ceded Norway to Sweden in 1814, Aalborg lost its important role as the country's centre for Norwegian trade. Its former prosperity also suffered as a result of difficulties with the herring industry as the fish disappeared after the sea breached the Agger Tange (which had linked Thy with the rest of Jutland at the western end of Limfjord) in the 1825 North Sea storm.[19] The after effects of the state bankruptcy in 1813 also contributed to widespread poverty in the city. In the mid-19th-century, Aalborg was overtaken by Aarhus as the largest city in Jutland. Towards the end of the 19th century there was however an upturn. In 1865, the pontoon bridge over Limfjord was completed, and in 1869, the railway reached the city with a railway bridge over the sound to Vendsyssel three years later.[20] The harbour facilities were also improved, making Aalborg Denmark's second port.[28] Aalborg became the country's main producer of tobacco products and spirits, followed in the 1890s by fertilisers and cement.[29] By 1901, the population had increased to almost 31,500.[19]

20th century industrialisation

Around the beginning of the 20th century, as a result of decisions taken by the municipality, many of the city's half-timbered houses were torn down. They were replaced by hundreds of modern buildings, completely changing the look of the city. Factories with smoking chimneys became ever more prevalent in the outskirts. Among the most important were De Danske Spritfabrikker (spirits and liquors), De forenede Textilfabrikker (textiles), the East Asiatic Company (trading), Dansk Eternit (building materials) and C.W. Obel's tobacco factory (established in 1787). Aalborg Portland, run by F.L. Smidth, was one of several cement factories operating in 1913, together employing some 800 workers.[28] By the 1930s, Aalborg was being promoted as "Denmark's new centre for industry and workers".[29] Replanning continued with additional thoroughfares cutting through the city. The port facilities were also improved with the help of a dredger and the opening of new docks. In 1933, Christian X inaugurated a new bridge over Limfjord to replace the fragile pontoon crossing.[20]

 
German soldiers in conflict with Aalborg citizens (August 1943)

Aalborg Airport, officially opened in 1938 because of the success of the cement industry, had in fact operated flights to Copenhagen since 1936.[30] During the German invasion of Denmark in 1940, the airport was captured by German paratroopers on the night of 21 April as a base for German aircraft flying to Norway.[31] On 13 August 1940, a dozen Bristol Blenheim bombers of No. 82 Squadron RAF were launched against the Luftwaffe airfield during one of the most disastrous Royal Air Force raids of the war. One turned back because of fuel problems, but all of the remaining 11 were shot down by enemy fighters and/or flak batteries within 20 minutes.[32][33] After the war, the Royal Air Force destroyed all the German facilities including planes, hangars and equipment but left the passenger facilities intact.[30]

By 1960, Aalborg had become known as the "city of smoking chimneys", with half of the inhabitants working in industry or manufacturing.[28] Ten years later, Aalborg's population had grown to around 97,000 inhabitants.[19]

Recent history

 
Aalborg Waterfront at sunset (2020)

The significance of Aalborg's industry began to decline in the 1970s, precipitating a fall in the city's population until about 1990, when it began to increase again. By the year 2000, the service and education sectors accounted for about 60 percent of the workforce, partly as a result of the founding of Aalborg University (AAU) in 1974. Since 1970, Aalborg and the northern suburb of Nørresundby have become a major administrative centre, thanks in part to the offices of the Region Nordjylland established in the east of the city.[28] In addition to large industrial companies including Aalborg Portland, the only cement-producing company in the country,[34] and the building products company Eternit, many small and medium-sized enterprises have been established. The telecommunications and information technology sector has developed with the support of Aalborg University and the North Jutland knowledge park NOVI.[35]

The First European Conference on Sustainable Cities and Towns took place in Aalborg in 1994. It adopted the Aalborg Charter, which provides a framework for the delivery of local sustainable development and calls on local authorities to engage in Local Agenda 21 processes.[36] The Fourth European Sustainable Cities and Towns Conference, held in Aalborg in 2004, adopted the more binding Aalborg Commitments on local sustainable development. The commitments have now been signed by 650 local authorities while over 2,500 have signed the earlier Aalborg Charter.[37]

Geography

 
View of Aalborg and the Limfjord from the west
 
Map showing location (as Ålborg) in Denmark

Aalborg is in North Jutland (northwestern Denmark), at the narrowest point of the Limfjord,[38] a shallow sound that separates North Jutlandic Island (Vendsyssel-Thy) from the rest of the Jutland Peninsula and connects Aalborg to the Kattegat about 35 kilometres (22 mi) to the east. Aalborg is 118 km (73 mi) north of Aarhus, 82 km (51 mi) north of Randers, and 64 km (40 mi) southwest of Frederikshavn.[39] It is 414 km (257 mi) by Great Belt Fixed Link to Copenhagen, 150 km (93 mi) by the Frederikshavn-Göteborg ferry to Gothenburg in Sweden, and 363 km (226 mi) by the Frederikshavn-Oslo ferry to Oslo in Norway.

The area close to the waterfront is low-lying, with an elevation averaging about 5 metres (16 ft),[39] but there are many hills in and around city, some reaching over 60 m (200 ft).[40] Nørresundby, on the northern side of the sound, is also a hilly area.[40] Villages to the south of Aalborg from west to east include Frejlev, Svenstrup, and Gistrup (which contains extensive woodland to the south as well as a golf club). Klarup and Storvorde lie to the southeast along the 595 road,[39] which, flanking a stretch of the Limfjord known as Langerak, leads to the town of Hals.[39] Nibe, with a harbour on the Limfjord, is 21 kilometres (13 mi) to the southwest, past the village of Frejlev. The Nibe Broads (Nibe Bredning) in the Limfjord not only has the largest eelgrass belts in Danish waters but is an important sanctuary for thousands of migratory birds.[41] To the north of the city, villages include Vadum, Aabybro, Vestbjerg, Sulsted, Tylstrup, Vodskov, and Hjallerup.[39] There is an extensive plantation, Branths Plantage - Møgelbjerg, immediately north of Vodskov.

The Himmerland region to the south still has a number of moors which once formed a vast area of heathland extending 35 km (22 mi) to the Rold Forest near Arden. Rebild Hills in the Rold Forest stretch over 425 acres (172 ha) of rolling heath country about 30 kilometres (19 mi) south of Aalborg.[42] Lille Vildmose, to the southeast, is reported to be the largest raised bog in north-western Europe.[43]

The city

The city centre, dating from the Middle Ages, lies on a series of clay banks between the former streams of Vesterå and Lilleå, which used to run into the sound. Despite effective drainage, the main streets, including Algade, still run east to west while the side streets run north to south. The Budolfi Church and the old town hall line Gammeltorv, the old market square. The main shopping streets are Algade and Bispengade, the latter lying in between the modern Vesterbro thoroughfare and Nytorv square. Østerågade, once the old harbor, is noted for its merchants' mansions.[35]

The city cemetery, the Kilden park and the modern art museum, Kunsten, are in the modern commercial and administrative area around the railway station to the west. Beyond this, Hasseris has become a residential district with a number of large villas and detached houses. The city's main development area is now to the east of the centre although in addition to the university and new areas of housing, it still contains the shipping harbor, Østhavnen, and the cement factory. The waterfront to the northeast of the centre is being transformed from a harbour into a recreational area with the Utzon Center and Musikkens Hus.[35]

Egholm

Off the northwestern side of the city in the sound is the island of Egholm, reached via ferry. The island, with a population of 55 as of 2013, covers an area of 6.05 square kilometres (2.34 sq mi) and consists mainly of farmland although there are still a few untilled areas of salt marshes and woodland. Dikes have been built along the coastline to protect the island from flooding.[44] The Kronborg Forest on the island, covering an area of 17 hectares (42 acres), was acquired by the municipal government in 1945.[44] A restaurant in the vicinity was established in 1918 but rebuilt in 1946 following a fire.[44] To the west of Egholm is the smaller uninhabited Fruensholm,[45] and there are also three small islands to the north.[39]

Lakes and chalk deposits

There are several man-made lakes nearby: Lindholm Kridtgrav lies to the northwest of Skanse Park on the northern side of Limfjord, while Nordens Kridtgrav to the northwest of Mølleparken is on the southern side.[39] The Aalborg area is one of three in Denmark where chalk deposits are found (the others being Møns Klint and Stevns).[46] The largest quarry is at Rørdal in Øster Sundby (6 km (4 mi) to the east of the city centre), while Vokslev (20 km (12 mi) to the west) has also provided chalk. Clay is also quarried in Østerådalen in the southern outskirts, making the area ideal for cement production.[47]

Parks and green spaces

The 6.5 hectares (16 acres) Østre Anlæg park is one of the oldest in Aalborg, visited by up to 175,000 people a year.[48] It was used as a dumping ground in the 1920s before being cleaned up and made into a recreational area in the 1930s and 1940s.[48] It contains lawns, flowers, tall trees, bushes, and a lake, overlooked by St. Mark's Church on the eastern side. The lake is on the site of a former clay pit.[49] Fifty-one species of bird have been recorded in the park.[48]

Lindholm Fjordpark, to the south of the Lindholm's industrial park, forms part of the green sector of the city known as 'Ryåkilen' along the coast of the sound, covering roughly 50 hectares (120 acres).[50] Like Østre Anlæg, it once served as a waste site with landfill, and a housing estate was built on its northeastern side.[50] Its use as a landfill site was gradually discontinued in the 1990s, and in 1996, extensive restoration work began.[50] Today it has woodlands and open areas with grass and herbaceous vegetation, notably buckthorn.[50] It is also a habitat for many species of migratory birds such as pale-bellied brent geese, curlews, and songbirds. The park is also used by the Nordjysk Windsurfing Club and has a six-hole golf course.[50]

 
A rollercoaster at Karolinelund

Aalborg has a number of additional civic parks and recreational facilities. Among them are Kildeparken, which hosts the annual Aalborg Carnival, Mølleparken, which contains a pond, statues, an outdoor exercise facility, and a 2.5 kilometre (1.6 mi) jogging trail (within the trail lies the Lysløjpen, a 45-metre [148 ft] gradient), Sohngårdsholmpark, a wooded area containing trails for both walking/jogging and biking and a six-hole golf course (free to the public), the Aalborg Open Air Swimming Pool, also free to the public, Bundgårdsparken, and Lindholm Strandpark.[51]

The Aalborg Zoo was opened in 1935 and typically houses 1,300 animals from 138 different species, including tigers, chimpanzees, zebra, elephants, giraffes, penguins and polar bears.[52] It is one of the area's major tourist attractions with over 300,000 visitors a year.[53] Within the zoo an African savannah has been created where exotic animals are housed.[43]

Aalborg was home to an amusement park, Karolinelund, founded in 1946. In 2005, still owned by the founding family, it was sold to an entrepreneur who resold it to the city the following year. When the park closed in 2010, it was home to 17 attractions. Recently, the city has reopened the park to volunteers who wish to return it to operating status. The park is once again open to the public as a leisure facility but without rides and attractions.[54] The association, Platform4, a non-profit user-driven project-oriented venue that experiments with technology (electronics) in combination with artistic genres is now located in the park. Volunteers frequently arrange seminars, exhibitions, films, music concerts, and more which are open to the public.

Climate

Aalborg has a maritime climate (Cfb), just above the humid continental climate classification (Dfb) with short, mild summers and long, moderately cold winters.

Climate data for Aalborg (1971–2000)
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Record high °C (°F) 10.5
(50.9) 		11.5
(52.7) 		18.8
(65.8) 		25.5
(77.9) 		27.5
(81.5) 		30.9
(87.6) 		34.4
(93.9) 		34.4
(93.9) 		25.8
(78.4) 		22.3
(72.1) 		15.2
(59.4) 		11.2
(52.2) 		34.4
(93.9)
Average high °C (°F) 2.4
(36.3) 		2.6
(36.7) 		5.3
(41.5) 		10.0
(50.0) 		15.5
(59.9) 		18.6
(65.5) 		20.7
(69.3) 		20.4
(68.7) 		16.0
(60.8) 		11.5
(52.7) 		6.7
(44.1) 		3.7
(38.7) 		11.1
(52.0)
Daily mean °C (°F) 0.2
(32.4) 		0.3
(32.5) 		2.3
(36.1) 		5.9
(42.6) 		10.9
(51.6) 		14.0
(57.2) 		16.0
(60.8) 		15.7
(60.3) 		12.2
(54.0) 		8.5
(47.3) 		4.2
(39.6) 		1.6
(34.9) 		7.6
(45.7)
Average low °C (°F) −2.4
(27.7) 		−2.3
(27.9) 		−0.7
(30.7) 		1.9
(35.4) 		6.3
(43.3) 		9.8
(49.6) 		11.9
(53.4) 		11.4
(52.5) 		8.5
(47.3) 		5.1
(41.2) 		1.5
(34.7) 		−1
(30) 		4.2
(39.6)
Record low °C (°F) −25.2
(−13.4) 		−19.4
(−2.9) 		−25.6
(−14.1) 		−8.1
(17.4) 		−2.1
(28.2) 		2.0
(35.6) 		4.2
(39.6) 		3.7
(38.7) 		−2.3
(27.9) 		−5.8
(21.6) 		−16.4
(2.5) 		−23.0
(−9.4) 		−25.6
(−14.1)
Average precipitation mm (inches) 45.8
(1.80) 		29.6
(1.17) 		37.8
(1.49) 		30.8
(1.21) 		42.3
(1.67) 		55.5
(2.19) 		51.4
(2.02) 		58.1
(2.29) 		71.3
(2.81) 		66.4
(2.61) 		56.3
(2.22) 		52.8
(2.08) 		600.1
(23.63)
Average precipitation days (≥ 0.1 mm) 16.5 12.8 14.9 11.5 11.1 12.0 11.5 12.6 15.3 16.2 17.7 17.3 169.3
Average snowy days 7.0 5.2 4.3 1.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 2.0 4.8 24.6
Average relative humidity (%) 89 87 84 76 73 75 74 76 80 84 87 89 81
Source: Danish Meteorological Institute (humidity 1961–1990)[55][56]
 
Aalborg during winter

Aalborg is cool most of the year, with average high temperatures of around 20 °C (68 °F) and lows of 11 °C (52 °F) during the summer,[57] and average temperatures of −3 to 2 °C (27 to 36 °F) during the coldest months of January and February, rarely dropping below −15 °C (5 °F). The warmest months are typically July and August, with an average temperature of 16 °C (61 °F), but by October the temperature averages 9 °C (48 °F).[58] June has the highest number of hours of sunshine on average at 218, closely followed by May and July.[58] Precipitation is rather evenly distributed all year around, with an average of 76 mm (3 in) during October, normally the wettest month with an average 14 days with rainfall, and an average of 35 mm (1 in) during February, normally the driest month with an average of eight days of precipitation, closely followed by April.[58]

Politics and government

 
Former Mayor Henning G. Jensen, in May 2010

Henning G. Jensen, a Social Democrat, was the long-serving Mayor of Aalborg from 1998 until 2013.[59][60] He was succeeded by Thomas Kastrup-Larsen, also a Social Democrat, who was elected to the City Council in 1998.[61]

The civic government in Aalborg consists of seven departments:[62] the Mayor's Department (responsible for the titular position, the four Citizen Service Centres in Aalborg, the Financial Services division, the Commercial Services division, the General Services division, and the Fire and Rescue Centre);[63] the Technical and Environmental Department (responsible for urban planning, transportation oversight, the Parks and Nature division, and the Environmental Division);[64] the Department of Family and Employment (responsible for Children and Family services, social services, and the city's "Job Centre");[65] the Department of Care of the Elderly and Disabled (responsible for social benefits, senior citizen care, and disabled citizen care);[66] the Department of Education and Cultural Affairs (responsible for the municipal schools, the public libraries, the Cultural Affairs division, and the city archives);[67] the Health and Sustainable Development Department (responsible for public health, the Occupational Health and Safety Division, the Public Transportation division, and the Sustainable Development division);[68] and the Utilities Department (responsible for gas, heating, water, sewage, and refuse collection).[69]

Aalborg City Council consists of 31 members, including a mayor. As of September 2013, 11 of the council seats are held by the Social Democratic Party, nine by Venstre, three by the Socialist People's Party, two by the Danish People's Party, and two by the Conservative People's Party, while three members are professed independents.[70] The council is mandated to hold a minimum of two meetings per month, with meetings of a public forum format.[71]

Demographics

Historical population
YearPop.±%
16724,181—    
17874,866+16.4%
18015,579+14.7%
18347,048+26.3%
18457,477+6.1%
186010,069+34.7%
187011,721+16.4%
188014,152+20.7%
189019,503+37.8%
190131,457+61.3%
191138,415+22.1%
192148,239+25.6%
193059,091+22.5%
194074,681+26.4%
195087,883+17.7%
196096,436+9.7%
1970100,587+4.3%
197694,994−5.6%
1981114,302+20.3%
1986113,650−0.6%
1990113,599−0.0%
1994116,567+2.6%
1998119,157+2.2%
2002120,359+1.0%
2006121,540+1.0%
2010123,432+1.6%
2012126,556+2.5%
2013106,916−15.5%
2014130,853+22.4%
2018137,053+4.7%
2022119,862−12.5%
Source: Official Danish census data[72]
 
Aalborg and its satellite town, Nørresundby (situated to the north), seen from the satellite.

Aalborg was the largest town in Jutland until it was surpassed by Aarhus in the mid-19th century.[23] In 1672, it had 4,181 inhabitants, growing slowly during the 18th century, with 4,425 in 1769, 4,866 in 1787 and 5,579 by 1801.[73] By 1845, there were 7,477 inhabitants, increasing to 10,069 by 1860. Dramatic growth began in the late 19th century, with an increase from 14,152 in 1880 to 31,457 in 1901.[73] By 1930, the population had grown to 59,091, although the figure was boosted by the merging of Nørre Tranders, Rørdal Fabriksby, Øster Sundby, and Øster Uttrup into Aalborg.

In 1950, it reached 87,883, which grew to 100,587 by 1970.[73] There was a temporary decline in population to 94,994 in 1976 but in 1981, following the incorporation of Nørresundby, it grew to 114,302.[73] The population has increased steadily since then; according to the census of 1 January 2009, Aalborg had a total of 122,461 inhabitants,[74] 101,497 of them living in the town and 20,964 in the independent suburb of Nørresundby.

As of 2021, the town had a total population of 142,561 (118,871 in the city proper and 23,690 in Nørresundby)[75] making it the fourth most populous in Denmark after Copenhagen, Aarhus, and Odense.[76][74] Statistics for 2016 showed there were 210,316 people living in the Municipality of Aalborg.[77]

Economy

 
Industry in Aalborg on the Limfjord

Aalborg is North Jutland's major industrial and commercial centre, exporting grain, cement, and spirits.[78] Heavy industry was behind the city's prosperity until fairly recently. Many of the factories have now closed, to be replaced by developments in the knowledge-based and green-energy sectors.[38] Mobile and wireless communications industries have grown substantially since the 1990s, as has rotor production for wind turbines.

In January 2011, there were some 9,200 enterprises in Aalborg, employing around 109,000 people or approximately 35% of the workforce of the Northern Region. In the 2010s, the city is set on increasing its participation in the global economy through both existing companies and new entrants. Its efforts are focused on four areas: energy and environment, information technology, health support systems and "Arctic business". The latter covers trade with Greenland as the Port of Aalborg handles over 60% of all goods shipped to Greenland. Four harbours dot the waterfront, Marina Fjordparken, Skudehavnen, Vestre Badehavn, and Østre Havn. Tourism is also growing, with a considerable rise in the number of passengers at Aalborg Airport. Aalborg Municipality has Denmark's second highest revenue from tourism and is the only municipality in the north of Denmark where overnight stays are increasing.[79][80]

Major private companies

 
Akvavit was a major export.

Telenor Denmark, part of the Norwegian Telenor telecommunications and mobile phone company, has a workforce of about 1,100 in Aalborg, making it one of the city's largest new employers.[81] Siemens Wind Power has rotor-blade production and testing facilities in Aaborg. In 2012 and 2013, there were additions in both areas. The new testing plant is the world's largest research test centre for wind turbine technology.[82][83] In 2012, the company shipped a record 570 wind turbine blades from the Port of Aalborg, mainly to England and Ireland, up 45% on the previous year.[84]

 
The cement-carrier Cemisle at Aalborg Portland

Aalborg was home to De Danske Spritfabrikker or Danish Distillers (now owned by the Norwegian company Arcus), which produces numerous brands of akvavit, until 2014.[85] The company is the world's largest akvavit producer and exporter.[86]Aalborg Industries, the world's largest manufacturer of marine boilers, has been established in Aalborg since the 1920s.[87] It has recently expanded into floating production systems for the offshore market. Employing 2,600 people, in December 2010 it was acquired by the Swedish Alfa Laval, also a specialist in the area.[88] Aalborg Portland, a subsidiary of the Italian Cementir since 2004,[89] was founded in 1889 with the support of FLSmidth. Able to draw on the chalk deposits from Rørdal to the east of the city, it rapidly became a major cement producer. Today it is the world's largest supplier of white cement, which it exports around the globe.[90]

Facilities

Aalborg has a wide selection of shops and restaurants. In the city centre, there are both large department stores and smaller speciality shops. One of the largest shopping malls in Denmark, the Aalborg Storcenter, is to the south of the city in Skalborg. It has about 75 stores, including a large Bilka supermarket.[91] The city has over 300 restaurants,[92] catering in Danish, European and Asian dishes. Notable establishments include Fusion on the waterfront,[93] Mortens Kro, run by celebrity chef Morten Nielsen, and Irish House, a pub in the 17th-century Jens Olufsen's House.[94] While Aalborg is renowned for its alcohol and nightlife,[92] there are also a number of coffee shops.[95]

Aalborg has 12 large hotels, most within walking distance of the city centre.[96] The Helnan Phønix Hotel is the largest, occupying what was originally built as a lavish private residence in 1783 for a Danish brigadier.[97] It was converted into a hotel in 1853, and in 2011 had 210 rooms, furnished with dark oak.[97] The Chagall was established in the 1950s and has reproductions of Marc Chagall paintings in the rooms.[97] Radisson Blu Limfjord Hotel, operated by the Radisson Hotels chain, contains 188 rooms and has the Italian restaurant Vero Gusto.[98] The Park Hotel, opposite the railway station, was established in 1917.[97] Other hotels include Cabinn Aalborg, Hotel Hvide Hus, Hotel Krogen and Prinsen Hotel. Several banks including Danske Bank, Forex, Jyske Bank, Spar Nord and Nordea have branches in Aalborg.[99]

Landmarks

 
Aalborghus Castle
 
Old/former town hall

Despite its industrial background and the factories along its waterfront, the city has gained popularity for tourism in recent years, offering a wide variety of attractions and historic buildings in addition to its museums, churches and parks.[100] See the religion section for details on churches.

Historic buildings

Jens Bang's House (Danish: Jens Bangs Stenhus), on Østerågade near the old town hall, is one of Denmark's best examples of 17th-century domestic architecture. Built in 1624 by the Aalborg merchant Jens Bang in the Dutch Renaissance style, the four-story sandstone building is noted for its rising gables and sculpted auricular window decorations. For over 300 years, it has housed the city's oldest pharmacy.[101]

Jørgen Olufsen's House (Jørgen Olufsens Gård) on Østerågade is Denmark's best preserved merchant's mansion in the Renaissance style. Built mainly of sandstone in 1616, it also has a half-timbered section. The style is reminiscent of similar buildings in the north of Germany and in the Netherlands. Olufsen, Jens Bang's half brother, was not only a successful merchant but also mayor of Aalborg. When it was built, the residence with its integrated warehouse was on the Østerå, an inlet from the sound with access for barges. The old iron bar with a hook for scales can be seen in the portico.[102][103]

Aalborghus Castle (Aalborghus Slot) is a half-timbered building with red-painted woodwork and whitewashed wall panels. It was built in the mid-16th century by King Christian III for his vassals who collected taxes and is the only remaining example of its kind in the country.[21] The park, dungeon and casemates, but not the castle itself, are open to the public in the summer months.[104] In the 1950s, the castle was converted into administrative offices.[19]

 
Historical house in Aalborg town centre

Aalborg's old city hall in Gammeltorv, in service until 1912, was built in 1762. It is now only used for ceremonial and representative purposes. Designed in the Late Baroque style, the building with its black-glazed tile roof consists of two storeys and a cellar. The yellow-washed façade is decorated with white pilasters and a frontispiece featuring the Danish coat of arms and a bust of King Frederick V. His motto, Prudentia et Constantia, is also seen above the main entrance.[105] The well-preserved door is an example of the Rococo style. The building was listed by the Danish Heritage Agency in 1918.[106]

Another old building of note is the half-timbered Håndværkerhuset (at Kattesunded 20) from c. 1625, which originally housed a number of warehouses. It is now used as a centre for arts and crafts.[107] Finally, the headquarters of Danish Distillers (De Danske Spritfabrikker), to the west of the Limfjord Bridge, is noted for its Neoclassical appearance. Completed in 1931 by the architect Alf Cock-Clausen, it combines functionality with decorative classical symbolism. Considered a masterpiece of Danish factory design, it is now a Danish National Heritage site.[20][108] When the factory closed in 2014, was the area bought by an investor, who will use the buildings to create an international culture city with museums, theatres, apartments etc.

Other landmarks

 
Nytorv Square
 
Utzon Center

Jomfru Ane Gade (literally Virgin Anne's Street) is one of the most famous streets in Aalborg if not in Denmark. Popular for its cafés and restaurants during the day, it is even busier at night with its clubs, discos and bars. During the 1990s, the street was infamously a 'hang out' of two biker gangs who were at war for some years all over Scandinavia. As the bikers disappeared it became increasingly popular for people of all ages.[109] The pedestrian hubs of Nytorv Square and John F. Kennedy Square in the central city area are also part of the cityscape.

Aalborgtårnet is a tripod tower erected in 1933 with a restaurant on the top. The tower itself is 55 m (180 ft) high; but as it stands on the top of the Skovbakken hill, it reaches a total height of 105 m (344.49 ft) above sea level, providing a view over the sound and the city. Designed by Carlo Odgård, it was erected in 1933 in connection with the North Jutland Fair.[110]

In 2008, the Utzon Center, its art, architecture and design credited to the noted architect Jørn Utzon, is also dedicated to him.[43] It was built next to the Limfjord at the central harbour front in Aalborg. Born in Copenhagen, Utzon grew up in Aalborg. The centre contains an exhibition on Utzon's work, which includes the Sydney Opera House, as well as educational displays on architecture and design.[111] The centre consists of several individual buildings creating a special place around a courtyard on a platform. The tall sculptural roofs of the auditorium and the boat-hall, both on the harbour front, and the library facing the park area and the city are set off by the lower roofs of the exhibition and workshop areas inside the complex.[112]

Culture

The annual Aalborg Carnival usually takes place in the last weekend of May.[113] It consists of three events: the children's carnival (Børnekarneval),[114] the battle of carnival bands,[115] and the carnival proper. Attracting about 100,000 visitors, it is the biggest carnival in Scandinavia and one of the largest in northern Europe.[52] Hjallerup Market in Hjallerup, about 20 kilometres (12 mi) northeast of Aalborg is one of the oldest and largest markets in Denmark and is the largest horse market in Europe.[92] Held for three days in the beginning of June, it annually attracts more than 200,000 people and 1200 horses.[92]

In 1999 Aalborg was for the first time one of the four host ports in The Tall Ships Race (then Cutty Sark Tall Ships Race) of that year. The city hosted the world's largest event for sailing vessels again in 2004 and 2010, and will do so for the fourth time in less than two decades when The Tall Ships Races visits Aalborg in early August 2015.

Major venues

Aalborgs Kongres & Kultur Center, designed in a functional style by Otto Frankild, was completed in 1952. The centre's main component, the Aalborg Hall, can be divided into sections. The complex also contains a hotel, restaurant, bowling alley, and a number of meeting rooms. The smaller Europahallen was added in 1991, making the centre the largest in Scandinavia.[116] With over 100 theatrical and musical presentations per year, it offers international stars, opera, ballet, musicals, classical concerts, productions for children as well as pop and rock concerts. It can accommodate audiences of up to 2,500.[117]Aalborg Teater, built in 1878 and subsequently modified by Julius Petersen, seats 870 in the main auditorium. First privately owned, the theatre is now controlled and owned by the Danish Ministry of Culture. While most productions are housed in the main hall, the building can accommodate up to four shows at once in halls of varying sizes.[118] Over the years, the theatre has produced a wide selection of drama and musicals.[119]

Nordkraft is a cultural centre in a former power plant near the harbour. It has theatres, a cinema, and concert facilities. Kunsthal Nord, established in the centre in 2009, arranges up to five exhibitions a year of all forms of contemporary art, especially of local origin but also from other parts of Denmark and beyond. It serves as the exhibition centre for KunstVærket, the North Jutland centre for the arts, and also works in collaboration with the modern art museum Kunsten designed by the Finnish architect Alvar Aalto.[120][121]

In the same neighbourhood, a huge concert hall, Musikkens Hus, designed by Coop Himmelb(l)au, opened in 2014. It is Aalborg's most ambitious construction project in recent years.[122]

The city also has a wide selection of galleries and arts and crafts outlets operated by local artists. The Academy of Music also has a presence in Aarhus.[43] There are several glass workshops; others produce jewelry, sculptures or exhibit paintings.[123]

Museums

Main article: Museums in Aalborg
 
Lindholm Høje Museum
 
Museum of Modern Art and its sculpture garden

There are various museums in the city. The Aalborg Historical Museum was established in 1863, making it one of the earliest provincial museums in the country.[124][125] The North Jutland Historical Museum conducted a series of archaeological excavations in the 1950s at Lindholm Høje, revealing ancient burial sites. In 1992, the Lindholm Høje Museum was opened there and extended in 2008.[126] In 1994 and 1995, excavations at the site of the Greyfriars Monastery resulted in the creation of the underground Gråbrødrekloster Museum in the city centre.[127] Several organisations now collaborate under the leadership of the North Jutland Historical Museum.[128] The Springeren - Marine Experience Center is a marine museum on the city's wharf with a wide range of exhibits including "Springeren", an old Danish submarine, whence its name.[129][130] The Aalborg Defence and Garrison Museum documents Danish defences during the Second World War as well as the history of Aaborg's garrison since 1779.[131] The KUNSTEN Museum of Modern Art Aalborg was built from 1958 to 1972;[132] the collection consists of around 1,500 art objects, including paintings, sculptures and other media.[133]

Music

The Aalborg Symphony Orchestra (Aalborg Symfoniorkester) founded in 1943 presents about 150 concerts a year, frequently playing in the Musikkens Hus. It also plays for the Jutland opera company (Den Jyske Opera, also based in Aalborg), and at the Royal Danish Theatre in Copenhagen. It is one of the main organisers of the 10-day Aalborg Opera Festival held every March.[134][135] Aalborg has the jazz club Jazzclub Satchmo and an annual jazz and blues festival (Den Blå Festival), also known as the Mini New Orleans Festival. Over four days in mid-August, concerts are performed on squares, in the streets, and in cafés and restaurants.[136] Since 2012, the Egholm Festival, a small music festival on the island of Egholm near Aalborg has been organized in the first weekend of August.[137] It features relatively unknown upcoming pop, rock and hip-hop artists. The festival has two stage areas and was organized by the Musical Association Aalborg (MUSAM) and Aalborg Events.

Religion

Lutheranism

 
Budolfi Church

The principal religion in Aalborg as in the rest of Denmark is Christianity. Aalborg is the seat of a bishop within the Lutheran State Church of Denmark. The cathedral of this bishopric is the Budolfi Church, originally built no later than 1132 by Viborg's Bishop Eskil. This church was considerably smaller than the current one, as it was merely a parish church. The existing structure was completed in the late 14th century, on the grounds of the former church, and was listed for the first time in the Atlas of Denmark in 1399. The church was named after St Botolph, an English abbot and saint.[138] The church is constructed in the Gothic style.[138] In 1554 Aalborg was made a diocese and, after consideration, St Budolfi Church was made the seat of the Bishop of Aalborg. Aalborg is also home to the former Catholic church, the Abbey of Our Lady, converted from a Benedictine nunnery.[139]

Churches

The present Budolfi Church, which has the status of a cathedral, dates from the end of the 14th century, although at least two earlier churches stood on the same spot. Built in the Gothic style, it consists of a nave flanked by two aisles, a tower, and a porch. After the original tower was destroyed by fire in 1663, the striking new Baroque tower, based on that of an earlier Copenhagen city hall, was completed in 1779. The church has 16th-century frescoes and an intricately carved early Baroque altarpiece from 1689 created by Lauridtz Jensen.[140]

 
Abbey of Our Lady (Vor Frue Kirke)

Abbey of Our Lady (Vor Frue Kirke) was designed in 1878 by J.E. Gnudtzmann in the Neo-Romanesque style. The original Church of Our Lady from the early 12th century was pulled down after the Reformation because it was old and unstable, but the 12th-century tower and the original portal with sculpted decorations can still be seen. The carved pulpit dates to around 1581.[20][141]

As a result of the considerable population increase from the end of the 19th century, a number of new churches were built in various styles. Next to Aalborg Hall, Ansgar's Church with its tall tower was built in 1929 to a design by Hother August Paludan in a modern Baroque style.[142] St Mark's Church (Sankt Markus Kirke), completed in 1933, was designed by Einar Packness. Its tower is crowned by an imposing spire. The Biblical figures known as the Johannes Group (based on Christ's meeting with John the Baptist in Matthew, Chapter 3) sculpted by Bertel Thorvaldsen are displayed around the interior.[20][143] The Margrethe Church with its steeply sloping roof reaching 22 m (72 ft) is the work of Carlo Odgaard and Aaby Sørensen. Bent Exner designed some of the artefacts in the church including the crucifix over the altar.[144]

Cemeteries

Aalborg's cemeteries have a history dating to the end of the Middle Ages. Sankt Jørgens Kirkegård (St George's Cemetery) was on the corner of Hasserisgade and Kirkegårdsgade. The site was chosen in a district outside the city as it provided isolation for those affected by the plague, many of whom died in the neighbouring hospice, Sankt Jørgens Gårde. In 1794, a new cemetery was opened in Klostermarken, immediately to the south of Sankt Jørgens Kirkegård. It was further extended in 1804, 1820 and 1870. It is now known as Aalborgs Almen Kirkegård (meaning "common cemetery") and contains the graves of many of the city's most notable citizens.[145]

Judaism

Aalborg had a synagogue, built in 1854; and the Jewish rabbi Salomon Mielziner served it for 35 years.[146] Services were no longer offered after Mielziner died, and in 1924 the synagogue was donated to the city government, which began using it to store the city archives (Stadsarkivet).[146] It was burned down by the Schalburg Corps in April 1945 towards the end of World War II, destroying its centuries-old Torahs.[146][147] Anti-semitism continues to exist in Denmark, and in 1999, an unlicensed Nazi radio station began operating from a neo-Nazi stronghold in Fynen, Nørresundby, within Aalborg municipality.[148] The activity has been widely denounced with organized opposition in Aalborg and the rest of Denmark, and in February 1999, 12 anti-fascists were arrested for possession of explosives at their base in Fynen.[148]

Education

 
Aalborg University (AAU), Campus East, as seen during summertime.[a]
 
Boulevarden in Aalborg's town centre, seen in 2011.[b]
 
Aalborg University, Campus East

The major university in Aalborg is the University of Aalborg, founded in 1974.[149] It has more than 17,000 students and more than 3,000 employees.[150] In 2012, 3,000 new students started at the university. In 1995 it merged with Esbjerg Engineering College.[149] The university has attempted from the outset to "develop a more "relevant" form of education than was then being offered by the established universities".[151] It has sought to develop what is known as "contextual knowledge", a form of problem-based learning based around the project work conducted by students, rather than the curriculum focusing on traditional academic disciplines.[151]

The University College of Northern Denmark is one of seven new regional organisations (professionshøjskoler) of different study sites in Denmark offering courses normally at the bachelor level. The Royal School of Library and Information Science (RSLIS) provides higher education in library and information science; one of its two departments is in Aalborg. With about 4,500 students a year and 700 employees, Tech College Aalborg offers a wide spectrum of vocational training and runs Aalborg Tekniske Gymnasium. Aalborg Business College provides basic training in retail and trading for private enterprises and the public sector, with courses which cover information technology, economics, sales and communication, and languages.[152]

The island of Egholm contains the former Egholm Skole, which was closed in 1972 when a ferry service to Aalborg was established and children on the island began attending the Vesterkæret Skole in Aalborg. Today the old school on Egholm is run as a school camp by the City of Aalborg, with 18 beds and facilities for 60 people.[44] Skipper Clement International School is a private school for children between 6 and 16. The international department conducts its classes in English, the first to be established in the Jutland peninsula,[153] but it does have department which educates in Danish, like the public schools in Denmark.

Sport

The city is home to Aalborg BK, established in 1885 and known as "AaB" for short. The club has won the Danish championship (Superliga) four times in recent years (1995, 1999, 2008, 2014). The team qualified for the group stages of the 1995–96 and 2008–09 UEFA Champions League seasons. Aalborg Chang is a Danish amateur association football club, previously known as FC Nordjylland.

 
The Gigantium (also sometimes used as an examination hall by the AAU)

Aalborg is also known for the women's handball club Aalborg DH, and the men's handball club Aalborg Håndbold. Established in 2001 and 2011, respectively, they both play their games in the Gigantium.[154] Rugby in Aalborg is represented by Aalborg RK Lynet (Lightning), established in 1964. The city also has the Aalborg Cricket Club, which is part of the Danish Cricket League.[155] They were established in 2000 and have players from various nations.[156][157]

Aalborg Tennisklub is located along the Kastetvej road in the centre of Aalborg. About 10 kilometres (6.2 mi) to the southwest of the city, near the hamlet of Restrup Enge, is Aalborg Golf Klub.[158] Aalborg Golf Klub is the second oldest golf club in Denmark, and was originally established in 1908 in the eastern part of Aalborg. In 1929 it moved to Sohngaardsholm, but 30 years later the course had to again move because of developments with the university.[159] The present course to the southwest of Aalborg was designed in 1968 by Graham Lockey and Commander John Harris as a 9-hole course, later expanded to 18 holes in 1976 and 27 in 2006.[159] In 2010 the club hosted the European Girls Team Golf Championships.[159] Another course, Ørnehoj Golfklub, is at the southeastern limits of the city, in the village of Gistrup.[160]

On 11 September 1977, Aalborg hosted the Final of the Long Track World Championship for Motorcycle speedway. The Final was won by Swedish rider Anders Michanek. He defeated West Germany's Hans Seigl and Denmark's own speedway hero Ole Olsen.

Transport

 
Limfjordsbroen
 
Aalborg railway station
 
John F. Kennedy Plads

On the north side of the Limfjord is Nørresundby, connected to Aalborg by the Limfjordsbroen road bridge, which was inaugurated in 1933, replacing a pontoon bridge which dated to 1865. The iron Limfjord Railway Bridge, inaugurated in 1938, is a nine-span bascule bridge. It opens 4,000 times a year, allowing around 10,000 vessels to sail under it.[161] Opening in 1969 as the first motorway tunnel to be built in Denmark,[162] the Limfjord Tunnel[163] is 582 m (1,909 ft) long and has three lanes in each direction. It forms part of the E45, stretching from Alta, Norway, to Gela, Italy.[164]

Aalborg Airport is 6 kilometres (3.7 mi) northwest of the city centre. With its two runways, it has 20 direct routes to destinations in Denmark, Norway, Ireland,[165] the Netherlands, the UK, Spain, and Turkey, along with seasonal flights to additional Spanish destinations and the Faroe Islands. Processing 1.4 million passengers a year, the airport is the third largest in Denmark.[166] The Aalborg Air Base, an important Danish Air Force facility, occupies part of the extensive airport area.[167] The Port of Aalborg is northern Denmark’s main import/export hub,[168] operated by Aalborg Havn A/S on the Limfjord. Two additional private harbours serve the cement factory, Aalborg Portland A/S, and the power station, Vattenfall A/S.[169]

 
A cruise ship in Port of Aalborg

The city's main train station, Aalborg Railway Station, is on John F. Kennedys Plads. It opened in 1869, when the Aalborg to Randers railway was inaugurated. The original station building was designed by N.P.C. Holsøe while the present building, which opened in 1902, was designed by Thomas Arboe. Aalborg Railway Station is operated by Banedanmark and DSB.[170] Other rail stations in Aalborg are Skalborg Station, Aalborg Vestby Station and Lindholm Station. There are regular bus services covering the inner city as well as the wider urban area.[171]

 
NT buses with different designs in John F. Kennedy Plads (December 2021)

Cycling is also relatively popular in Aalborg. Statistics for 2012 indicate 44% of the population use their bicycles several times a week while 27% of the workforce cycle to work. The municipal authorities hope to increase the use of bicycles by providing better cycle tracks and parking facilities, as well as improved support services.[172] Starting from 2009, city bikes were provided free of charge in Aalborg and Nørresundby from April to November with numerous stands throughout the area,[173] however the city bike system was closed down in 2014 when funding ran out.[174] In 2008, plans were made to build a light rail system to serve Aalborg, similar to Odense Letbane and Aarhus Letbane. In 2014, the government committed funding to light rail in Aalborg, only to retract the funding after a new cabinet was elected in the 2015 general election.[175] In 2017, government funding was approved to build a bus rapid transit system instead of the light rail.[176] The system known as Plusbus is planned to be operational in 2023.[177]

Healthcare

 
Aalborg University Hospital, south section

Aalborg University Hospital, the largest in the north of Jutland, was founded in 1881. As of 2013, it consists of two large buildings in Aalborg, the hospital in Dronninglund and smaller departments in Hobro and Hjørring. It is the largest employer in the area with around 6,500 on the payroll.[178] The hospital has traditionally undertaken research but from the beginning of 2013 it has had a formal collaboration with Aalborg University.[179] A new building, designed by schmidt hammer lassen architects and to be completed by 2020, will provide 134,000 m2 (1,440,000 sq ft) for hospital buildings and 17,000 m2 (180,000 sq ft) for the university's Faculty of Health.[180] The Aalborg University Hospital, section south, is on Hobrovej and has a 24-hour emergency ward.[38] The northern section is in Reberbanegade, which is in the western part of the city centre. Trænregimentet, the Danish regiment for army supply and emergency medical personnel, is also in Aalborg.[181]

Media

Nordjyske Stiftstidende, published in Aalborg, is Denmark's second oldest newspaper founded in 1767 as Nyttige og fornøyelige Jydske Efterretninger. It was later known as Aalborg Stiftstidende (until 1999). In 1827, it merged with Aalborg's second newspaper Aalborgs Stifts Adresse-Avis. The paper now serves the whole of Vendsyssel and most of Himmerland and has local editions in Aalborg, Hjørring, Hobro, Frederikshavn, Fjerritslev, Skagen, and Brønderslev.[182]

ANR (also Aalborg Nærradio and Alle Nordjyders Radio) is a local radio station operated by Nordjyske Medier, owner of Nordjyske Stiftstidende. The TV news channel, 24Nordjyske, is operated by the same firm.[183]

Twin towns – sister cities

Aalborg practices twinning on the municipal level. For the twin towns, see twin towns of Aalborg Municipality.

Notable people

Main article: List of people from Aalborg

Among those who contributed to Aalborg's prosperity in the 19th century were Poul Pagh (1796–1870) who significantly developed trade and shipping, and Christen Winther Obel (1800–1860) who increased production at the C.W. Obel tobacco factory until it became the city's main employer. Another important figure of the times was Marie Rée (1835–1900) who ran the local newspaper Aalborg Stiftstidende until 1900, often promoting women's rights.[184]

More recently, the actor and script-writer Preben Kaas (1930–1981), who was born in Aalborg, starred in over 50 Danish films.[185] Among the city's many sporting figures, Peter Gade (born 1976) stands out as one of the world's most successful badminton players.[186]

On the cultural side, Jørn Utzon (1918–2008), designer of the Sydney Opera House, grew up in Aalborg; the iconic Utzon Center which he inspired now serves as a museum for his architectural designs and offers courses of study based on his approach.[187]

Gallery

  •  

    Aalborg University, Campus East

  •  

    Hjelmerstald

  •  

    The northwestern section of Gabels Torv

  •  

    One of the old restaurants (and wine cellars)

  •  

    The eastern part of Korsgade

  •  

    John F. Kennedy Square near the train station

  •  

    A historical building in the town centre of Aalborg, namely Aalborg's Post and Telegraph (listed by the Heritage Agency of Denmark)

  •  

    Holbergsgade 1 and Korsgade

  •  

    The Courthouse in Aalborg and Aalborg University's Basis compus

  •  

    The train station in Aalborg

  •  

    Østerågade 23 and 25

  •  

    Vesterbro in Aalborg's town centre

  •  

    A historical kiosk in Aalborg's town centre

  •  

    Aalborg's town centre, on the way towards the central campus of Aalborg University

  •  

    Aalborg's town centre, towards the Limfjords bridge linking the town with its satellite smaller town Nørresundby

  •  

    Vor Frelser Kirke in Aalborg's town centre

  •  

    Aerial view of part of Aalborg, showcasing the area in the proximity of Vor Frelser Kirke

  •  

    The train station in Aalborg (view towards the railways)

Notes

  1. ^ Aalborg University (AAU) attracts several thousands new students on an annual basis in the town of Aalborg which temporarily increases its population.
  2. ^ The white building at Boulevarden 38 pertains to the International Accommodation Office of Aalborg University (AAU) and is inhabited predominantly by MSc international students on an annual basis.

References

Notes

  1. ^ "ELSA Aalborg". studyvisits.elsa.org. Retrieved 27 February 2020.
  2. ^ a b "Statistikbanken".
  3. ^ Statistik Banken (in Danish)[dead link]
  4. ^ Statistik Banken (in Danish)[dead link]
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  • Thomas, Andrew (1996). Over All Things Everywhere: The story of 82 Squadron, Royal Air Force. Air Enthusiast. Vol. 66. Stamford, UK: Key Publishing. ISSN 0143-5450.

External links

 
Wikivoyage has a travel guide for Aalborg.
 
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Aalborg.

December 29, 2022
aalborg, confused, with, aalburg, alaborg, ɔː, ɔːr, also, ɑː, ɔː, ɔːr, danish, ˈʌlˌpɒˀ, listen, denmark, fourth, largest, town, behind, copenhagen, aarhus, odense, with, population, july, 2022, town, proper, urban, population, july, 2022, july, 2022, municipal. Not to be confused with Aalburg or Alaborg Aalborg ˈ ɔː l b ɔːr ɡ US also ˈ ɑː l ˈ ɔː l b ɔːr 9 10 11 12 Danish ˈʌlˌpɒˀ listen is Denmark s fourth largest town behind Copenhagen Aarhus and Odense with a population of 119 862 1 July 2022 13 in the town proper and an urban population of 143 598 1 July 2022 13 As of 1 July 2022 the Municipality of Aalborg had a population of 221 082 14 making it the third most populous in the country after the municipalities of Copenhagen and Aarhus Eurostat and OECD have used a definition for the Metropolitan area of Aalborg referred to as a Functional urban area which includes all municipalities in the Province Danish landsdel of North Jutland Danish Nordjylland with a total population of 594 323 as of 1 July 2022 15 16 6 AalborgCityPanoramic view of Aalborg September 2018 SealCoat of armsNicknames Paris of the North 1 locally Double A AalborgLocation within DenmarkShow map of DenmarkAalborgLocation within ScandinaviaShow map of ScandinaviaAalborgLocation within EuropeShow map of EuropeCoordinates 57 03 N 09 55 E 57 050 N 9 917 E 57 050 9 917 Coordinates 57 03 N 09 55 E 57 050 N 9 917 E 57 050 9 917Country DenmarkRegionNorth Jutland RegionMunicipalityAalborgFirst mention Alabu written on coins c 1035Official establishment16 June 1342Government MayorThomas Kastrup Larsen S Area 3 4 City50 70 km2 19 58 sq mi Urban61 30 km2 23 67 sq mi Metro7 883 70 km2 3 043 91 sq mi Municipal1 137 3 km2 439 1 sq mi Elevation55 m 180 ft Population 2022 City119 862 2 Density2 364 14 km2 6 123 1 sq mi Urban143 598 2 Urban density2 342 54 km2 6 067 2 sq mi Metro594 323 5 6 7 Metro density75 39 km2 195 3 sq mi Municipality221 082 8 Municipality density194 39 km2 503 5 sq mi DemonymAalborgenserTime zoneUTC 1 Central Europe Time Summer DST UTC 2Postal codes9000 9008 9020 9100 9200 9210 9220 9400Area code 45 9Websitewww wbr aalborgkommune wbr dkBy road Aalborg is 64 kilometres 40 mi southwest of Frederikshavn and 118 kilometres 73 mi north of Aarhus The distance to Copenhagen is 412 kilometres 256 mi if travelling by road and not using ferries The earliest settlements date to around AD 700 Aalborg s position at the narrowest point on the Limfjord made it an important harbour during the Middle Ages and later a large industrial centre Architecturally the city is known for its half timbered mansions built by its prosperous merchants Budolfi Church now a cathedral dates from the end of the 14th century and Aalborghus Castle a royal residence was built in 1550 Today Aalborg is a city in transition from a working class industrial area to a knowledge based community A major exporter of grain cement and liquors its thriving business interests include Siemens Wind Power Aalborg Industries and Aalborg Portland These companies have become global producers of wind turbine rotors marine boilers and cement With its theatres symphony orchestra opera company performance venues and museums such as Aalborg Historical Museum and the Aalborg Museum of Modern Art Aalborg is an important cultural hub The Aalborg Carnival held at the end of May is one of the largest festivals in Scandinavia attracting some 100 000 people annually The town s major university is Aalborg University often abbreviated to AAU founded in 1974 which has more than 20 000 students as of 2018 17 AAU is also North Jutland s largest university and overall academic institution The University College of Northern Denmark UCN is one of seven new regional organisations while the Royal School of Library and Information Science RSLIS provides higher education in library and information science Traenregimentet the Danish regiment for army supply and emergency medical personnel is also in Aalborg Aalborg University Hospital the largest in the north of Jutland was founded in 1881 The football club Aalborg BK established in 1885 and based at Nordjyske Arena won the Danish Superliga in the 1994 95 season the 1998 99 season the 2007 08 season and the 2013 14 season Other sports associations include the ice hockey club Aalborg Pirates the men s handball team Aalborg Handbold the rugby club Aalborg RK and Aalborg Cricket Club Aalborg Railway Station on John F Kennedys Plads has connected the city to Randers and the south since 1869 Aalborg Airport is just 6 kilometres 3 7 mi northwest of the city centre and the E45 a European route from Alta Norway to Gela Italy passes through Aalborg The European Commission has concluded that the citizens of Aalborg are the most satisfied people in Europe with their city 18 Contents 1 History 1 1 Beginnings 1 2 Middle Ages 1 3 17th to 19th centuries 1 4 20th century industrialisation 1 5 Recent history 2 Geography 2 1 The city 2 2 Egholm 2 3 Lakes and chalk deposits 2 4 Parks and green spaces 2 5 Climate 3 Politics and government 4 Demographics 5 Economy 5 1 Major private companies 5 2 Facilities 6 Landmarks 6 1 Historic buildings 6 2 Other landmarks 7 Culture 7 1 Major venues 7 2 Museums 7 3 Music 8 Religion 8 1 Lutheranism 8 1 1 Churches 8 1 2 Cemeteries 8 2 Judaism 9 Education 10 Sport 11 Transport 12 Healthcare 13 Media 14 Twin towns sister cities 15 Notable people 16 Gallery 17 Notes 18 References 19 External linksHistory EditThe area around the narrowest point on the Limfjord attracted settlements as far back as the Iron Age leading to a thriving Viking community until around the year 1000 in what has now become Aalborg In the Middle Ages royal trading privileges a natural harbour and a thriving herring fishing industry contributed to the town s growth Despite the difficulties it experienced over the centuries the city began to prosper once again towards the end of the 19th century when a bridge was built over Limfjord and the railway arrived Aalborg s initial growth relied on heavy industry but its current development focuses on culture and education 19 Beginnings Edit Lindholm Hoje Hardeknud coin embossed Alabu c 1040 the original name of Aalborg Aalborg traces its history back over a thousand years It was originally settled as a trading post because of its position on the Limfjord The sites of what were two settlements and a burial ground can be seen on Lindholm Hoje a hill overlooking the city These large settlements one from the 6th century Germanic Iron Age the other from the Viking Age in the 9th to 11th centuries 20 evolved at the narrowest point on Limfjord as a result of the traffic between Himmerland to the south and Vendsyssel to the north The first mention of Aalborg under its original name Alabu or Alabur is found on coins from c 1040 the period when King Harthacnut Hardeknud settled in the area In c 1075 Adam of Bremen reported that Alaburg as he called it in German was an important harbour for ships sailing to Norway 21 In Valdemar s Danish Census Book from 1231 it was called Aleburgh possibly meaning the fort by the stream as in Old Norse all meant a stream or current and bur or burgh a fort or a castle 22 The Church of Our Lady in Aalborg was originally built in the early 12th century but was demolished during the Reformation 23 The Franciscan friary or Greyfriars on the east side of Ostera was probably built around 1240 it was documented in 1268 but like many other Roman Catholic monasteries and convents was shut down in 1530 as a result of the Reformation 23 Middle Ages Edit Execution of the rebel Skipper Clement in Viborg 1536 engraving by an unknown author 1574 Aalborg s earliest trading privileges date from 1342 when King Valdemar IV received the town as part of his huge dowry on marrying Helvig of Schleswig The privileges were extended by Eric of Pomerania in 1430 and by Christopher of Bavaria in 1441 The town prospered becoming one of the largest communities in Denmark Its prosperity increased when the merchant and trade association Guds Legems Laug was established in 1481 facilitating trade with the Hanseatic League 23 especially from 1516 when Christian II granted it a monopoly in salting Limfjord s herring 24 The king frequently visited the town where he held court and stayed in the old Aalborghus The herring fishery linked Aalborg to the East coast of England across the North Sea both in commercial competition and cultural exchange 20 During the Middle Ages a number of important institutions were established in Aalborg including Budolfi Cathedral in the late 14th century and the Hospital of the Holy Ghost a monastery and nunnery founded in 1451 to help those in need 23 It was converted into a hospital during the Reformation and is still in use today as a nursing home for the elderly 23 In 1530 a large part of the town was destroyed by fire and in December 1534 it was stormed and plundered by the king s troops after a peasants revolt known as the Count s Feud led by Skipper Clement It resulted in the death of up to 2 000 people 23 The Reformation in 1536 brought about the demolition of the town s two monasteries 20 As a result of the Reformation Aalborg became a Lutheran bishopric in 1554 23 17th to 19th centuries Edit Aalborg in the 1830s painting of the old watermill by wine merchant Bock showing the mill pond fed from the Ostera From the 1550s to the 1640s as a result of increased foreign trade Aalborg enjoyed great prosperity second only to that of Copenhagen The population grew in parallel with the development of many fine buildings in the city as merchants benefitted from their shipping routes from Norway to Portugal 25 In 1663 the city suffered yet another serious fire which destroyed the tower of Budolfi Church 26 During the second half of the 18th century Aalborg entered a further period of prosperity In Erik Pontoppidan s Danske Atlas Danish Atlas it was described as after Copenhagen the best and most prosperous market town in Denmark 27 The population grew from 4 160 in 1769 to 5 579 in 1801 In 1767 the second newspaper ever published in Denmark appeared in the city 19 After Denmark ceded Norway to Sweden in 1814 Aalborg lost its important role as the country s centre for Norwegian trade Its former prosperity also suffered as a result of difficulties with the herring industry as the fish disappeared after the sea breached the Agger Tange which had linked Thy with the rest of Jutland at the western end of Limfjord in the 1825 North Sea storm 19 The after effects of the state bankruptcy in 1813 also contributed to widespread poverty in the city In the mid 19th century Aalborg was overtaken by Aarhus as the largest city in Jutland Towards the end of the 19th century there was however an upturn In 1865 the pontoon bridge over Limfjord was completed and in 1869 the railway reached the city with a railway bridge over the sound to Vendsyssel three years later 20 The harbour facilities were also improved making Aalborg Denmark s second port 28 Aalborg became the country s main producer of tobacco products and spirits followed in the 1890s by fertilisers and cement 29 By 1901 the population had increased to almost 31 500 19 20th century industrialisation Edit Around the beginning of the 20th century as a result of decisions taken by the municipality many of the city s half timbered houses were torn down They were replaced by hundreds of modern buildings completely changing the look of the city Factories with smoking chimneys became ever more prevalent in the outskirts Among the most important were De Danske Spritfabrikker spirits and liquors De forenede Textilfabrikker textiles the East Asiatic Company trading Dansk Eternit building materials and C W Obel s tobacco factory established in 1787 Aalborg Portland run by F L Smidth was one of several cement factories operating in 1913 together employing some 800 workers 28 By the 1930s Aalborg was being promoted as Denmark s new centre for industry and workers 29 Replanning continued with additional thoroughfares cutting through the city The port facilities were also improved with the help of a dredger and the opening of new docks In 1933 Christian X inaugurated a new bridge over Limfjord to replace the fragile pontoon crossing 20 German soldiers in conflict with Aalborg citizens August 1943 Aalborg Airport officially opened in 1938 because of the success of the cement industry had in fact operated flights to Copenhagen since 1936 30 During the German invasion of Denmark in 1940 the airport was captured by German paratroopers on the night of 21 April as a base for German aircraft flying to Norway 31 On 13 August 1940 a dozen Bristol Blenheim bombers of No 82 Squadron RAF were launched against the Luftwaffe airfield during one of the most disastrous Royal Air Force raids of the war One turned back because of fuel problems but all of the remaining 11 were shot down by enemy fighters and or flak batteries within 20 minutes 32 33 After the war the Royal Air Force destroyed all the German facilities including planes hangars and equipment but left the passenger facilities intact 30 By 1960 Aalborg had become known as the city of smoking chimneys with half of the inhabitants working in industry or manufacturing 28 Ten years later Aalborg s population had grown to around 97 000 inhabitants 19 Recent history Edit Aalborg Waterfront at sunset 2020 The significance of Aalborg s industry began to decline in the 1970s precipitating a fall in the city s population until about 1990 when it began to increase again By the year 2000 the service and education sectors accounted for about 60 percent of the workforce partly as a result of the founding of Aalborg University AAU in 1974 Since 1970 Aalborg and the northern suburb of Norresundby have become a major administrative centre thanks in part to the offices of the Region Nordjylland established in the east of the city 28 In addition to large industrial companies including Aalborg Portland the only cement producing company in the country 34 and the building products company Eternit many small and medium sized enterprises have been established The telecommunications and information technology sector has developed with the support of Aalborg University and the North Jutland knowledge park NOVI 35 The First European Conference on Sustainable Cities and Towns took place in Aalborg in 1994 It adopted the Aalborg Charter which provides a framework for the delivery of local sustainable development and calls on local authorities to engage in Local Agenda 21 processes 36 The Fourth European Sustainable Cities and Towns Conference held in Aalborg in 2004 adopted the more binding Aalborg Commitments on local sustainable development The commitments have now been signed by 650 local authorities while over 2 500 have signed the earlier Aalborg Charter 37 Geography Edit View of Aalborg and the Limfjord from the west Map showing location as Alborg in Denmark Aalborg is in North Jutland northwestern Denmark at the narrowest point of the Limfjord 38 a shallow sound that separates North Jutlandic Island Vendsyssel Thy from the rest of the Jutland Peninsula and connects Aalborg to the Kattegat about 35 kilometres 22 mi to the east Aalborg is 118 km 73 mi north of Aarhus 82 km 51 mi north of Randers and 64 km 40 mi southwest of Frederikshavn 39 It is 414 km 257 mi by Great Belt Fixed Link to Copenhagen 150 km 93 mi by the Frederikshavn Goteborg ferry to Gothenburg in Sweden and 363 km 226 mi by the Frederikshavn Oslo ferry to Oslo in Norway The area close to the waterfront is low lying with an elevation averaging about 5 metres 16 ft 39 but there are many hills in and around city some reaching over 60 m 200 ft 40 Norresundby on the northern side of the sound is also a hilly area 40 Villages to the south of Aalborg from west to east include Frejlev Svenstrup and Gistrup which contains extensive woodland to the south as well as a golf club Klarup and Storvorde lie to the southeast along the 595 road 39 which flanking a stretch of the Limfjord known as Langerak leads to the town of Hals 39 Nibe with a harbour on the Limfjord is 21 kilometres 13 mi to the southwest past the village of Frejlev The Nibe Broads Nibe Bredning in the Limfjord not only has the largest eelgrass belts in Danish waters but is an important sanctuary for thousands of migratory birds 41 To the north of the city villages include Vadum Aabybro Vestbjerg Sulsted Tylstrup Vodskov and Hjallerup 39 There is an extensive plantation Branths Plantage Mogelbjerg immediately north of Vodskov The Himmerland region to the south still has a number of moors which once formed a vast area of heathland extending 35 km 22 mi to the Rold Forest near Arden Rebild Hills in the Rold Forest stretch over 425 acres 172 ha of rolling heath country about 30 kilometres 19 mi south of Aalborg 42 Lille Vildmose to the southeast is reported to be the largest raised bog in north western Europe 43 The city Edit The city centre dating from the Middle Ages lies on a series of clay banks between the former streams of Vestera and Lillea which used to run into the sound Despite effective drainage the main streets including Algade still run east to west while the side streets run north to south The Budolfi Church and the old town hall line Gammeltorv the old market square The main shopping streets are Algade and Bispengade the latter lying in between the modern Vesterbro thoroughfare and Nytorv square Osteragade once the old harbor is noted for its merchants mansions 35 The city cemetery the Kilden park and the modern art museum Kunsten are in the modern commercial and administrative area around the railway station to the west Beyond this Hasseris has become a residential district with a number of large villas and detached houses The city s main development area is now to the east of the centre although in addition to the university and new areas of housing it still contains the shipping harbor Osthavnen and the cement factory The waterfront to the northeast of the centre is being transformed from a harbour into a recreational area with the Utzon Center and Musikkens Hus 35 Egholm Edit Egholm Off the northwestern side of the city in the sound is the island of Egholm reached via ferry The island with a population of 55 as of 2013 update covers an area of 6 05 square kilometres 2 34 sq mi and consists mainly of farmland although there are still a few untilled areas of salt marshes and woodland Dikes have been built along the coastline to protect the island from flooding 44 The Kronborg Forest on the island covering an area of 17 hectares 42 acres was acquired by the municipal government in 1945 44 A restaurant in the vicinity was established in 1918 but rebuilt in 1946 following a fire 44 To the west of Egholm is the smaller uninhabited Fruensholm 45 and there are also three small islands to the north 39 Lakes and chalk deposits Edit There are several man made lakes nearby Lindholm Kridtgrav lies to the northwest of Skanse Park on the northern side of Limfjord while Nordens Kridtgrav to the northwest of Molleparken is on the southern side 39 The Aalborg area is one of three in Denmark where chalk deposits are found the others being Mons Klint and Stevns 46 The largest quarry is at Rordal in Oster Sundby 6 km 4 mi to the east of the city centre while Vokslev 20 km 12 mi to the west has also provided chalk Clay is also quarried in Osteradalen in the southern outskirts making the area ideal for cement production 47 Parks and green spaces Edit Kildeparken The 6 5 hectares 16 acres Ostre Anlaeg park is one of the oldest in Aalborg visited by up to 175 000 people a year 48 It was used as a dumping ground in the 1920s before being cleaned up and made into a recreational area in the 1930s and 1940s 48 It contains lawns flowers tall trees bushes and a lake overlooked by St Mark s Church on the eastern side The lake is on the site of a former clay pit 49 Fifty one species of bird have been recorded in the park 48 Lindholm Fjordpark to the south of the Lindholm s industrial park forms part of the green sector of the city known as Ryakilen along the coast of the sound covering roughly 50 hectares 120 acres 50 Like Ostre Anlaeg it once served as a waste site with landfill and a housing estate was built on its northeastern side 50 Its use as a landfill site was gradually discontinued in the 1990s and in 1996 extensive restoration work began 50 Today it has woodlands and open areas with grass and herbaceous vegetation notably buckthorn 50 It is also a habitat for many species of migratory birds such as pale bellied brent geese curlews and songbirds The park is also used by the Nordjysk Windsurfing Club and has a six hole golf course 50 A rollercoaster at Karolinelund Aalborg has a number of additional civic parks and recreational facilities Among them are Kildeparken which hosts the annual Aalborg Carnival Molleparken which contains a pond statues an outdoor exercise facility and a 2 5 kilometre 1 6 mi jogging trail within the trail lies the Lyslojpen a 45 metre 148 ft gradient Sohngardsholmpark a wooded area containing trails for both walking jogging and biking and a six hole golf course free to the public the Aalborg Open Air Swimming Pool also free to the public Bundgardsparken and Lindholm Strandpark 51 The Aalborg Zoo was opened in 1935 and typically houses 1 300 animals from 138 different species including tigers chimpanzees zebra elephants giraffes penguins and polar bears 52 It is one of the area s major tourist attractions with over 300 000 visitors a year 53 Within the zoo an African savannah has been created where exotic animals are housed 43 Aalborg was home to an amusement park Karolinelund founded in 1946 In 2005 still owned by the founding family it was sold to an entrepreneur who resold it to the city the following year When the park closed in 2010 it was home to 17 attractions Recently the city has reopened the park to volunteers who wish to return it to operating status The park is once again open to the public as a leisure facility but without rides and attractions 54 The association Platform4 a non profit user driven project oriented venue that experiments with technology electronics in combination with artistic genres is now located in the park Volunteers frequently arrange seminars exhibitions films music concerts and more which are open to the public Climate Edit Aalborg has a maritime climate Cfb just above the humid continental climate classification Dfb with short mild summers and long moderately cold winters Climate data for Aalborg 1971 2000 Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec YearRecord high C F 10 5 50 9 11 5 52 7 18 8 65 8 25 5 77 9 27 5 81 5 30 9 87 6 34 4 93 9 34 4 93 9 25 8 78 4 22 3 72 1 15 2 59 4 11 2 52 2 34 4 93 9 Average high C F 2 4 36 3 2 6 36 7 5 3 41 5 10 0 50 0 15 5 59 9 18 6 65 5 20 7 69 3 20 4 68 7 16 0 60 8 11 5 52 7 6 7 44 1 3 7 38 7 11 1 52 0 Daily mean C F 0 2 32 4 0 3 32 5 2 3 36 1 5 9 42 6 10 9 51 6 14 0 57 2 16 0 60 8 15 7 60 3 12 2 54 0 8 5 47 3 4 2 39 6 1 6 34 9 7 6 45 7 Average low C F 2 4 27 7 2 3 27 9 0 7 30 7 1 9 35 4 6 3 43 3 9 8 49 6 11 9 53 4 11 4 52 5 8 5 47 3 5 1 41 2 1 5 34 7 1 30 4 2 39 6 Record low C F 25 2 13 4 19 4 2 9 25 6 14 1 8 1 17 4 2 1 28 2 2 0 35 6 4 2 39 6 3 7 38 7 2 3 27 9 5 8 21 6 16 4 2 5 23 0 9 4 25 6 14 1 Average precipitation mm inches 45 8 1 80 29 6 1 17 37 8 1 49 30 8 1 21 42 3 1 67 55 5 2 19 51 4 2 02 58 1 2 29 71 3 2 81 66 4 2 61 56 3 2 22 52 8 2 08 600 1 23 63 Average precipitation days 0 1 mm 16 5 12 8 14 9 11 5 11 1 12 0 11 5 12 6 15 3 16 2 17 7 17 3 169 3Average snowy days 7 0 5 2 4 3 1 3 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 2 0 4 8 24 6Average relative humidity 89 87 84 76 73 75 74 76 80 84 87 89 81Source Danish Meteorological Institute humidity 1961 1990 55 56 Aalborg during winter Aalborg is cool most of the year with average high temperatures of around 20 C 68 F and lows of 11 C 52 F during the summer 57 and average temperatures of 3 to 2 C 27 to 36 F during the coldest months of January and February rarely dropping below 15 C 5 F The warmest months are typically July and August with an average temperature of 16 C 61 F but by October the temperature averages 9 C 48 F 58 June has the highest number of hours of sunshine on average at 218 closely followed by May and July 58 Precipitation is rather evenly distributed all year around with an average of 76 mm 3 in during October normally the wettest month with an average 14 days with rainfall and an average of 35 mm 1 in during February normally the driest month with an average of eight days of precipitation closely followed by April 58 Politics and government EditThis section needs to be updated Please help update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information January 2022 Former Mayor Henning G Jensen in May 2010 Henning G Jensen a Social Democrat was the long serving Mayor of Aalborg from 1998 until 2013 59 60 He was succeeded by Thomas Kastrup Larsen also a Social Democrat who was elected to the City Council in 1998 61 The civic government in Aalborg consists of seven departments 62 the Mayor s Department responsible for the titular position the four Citizen Service Centres in Aalborg the Financial Services division the Commercial Services division the General Services division and the Fire and Rescue Centre 63 the Technical and Environmental Department responsible for urban planning transportation oversight the Parks and Nature division and the Environmental Division 64 the Department of Family and Employment responsible for Children and Family services social services and the city s Job Centre 65 the Department of Care of the Elderly and Disabled responsible for social benefits senior citizen care and disabled citizen care 66 the Department of Education and Cultural Affairs responsible for the municipal schools the public libraries the Cultural Affairs division and the city archives 67 the Health and Sustainable Development Department responsible for public health the Occupational Health and Safety Division the Public Transportation division and the Sustainable Development division 68 and the Utilities Department responsible for gas heating water sewage and refuse collection 69 Aalborg City Council consists of 31 members including a mayor As of September 2013 11 of the council seats are held by the Social Democratic Party nine by Venstre three by the Socialist People s Party two by the Danish People s Party and two by the Conservative People s Party while three members are professed independents 70 The council is mandated to hold a minimum of two meetings per month with meetings of a public forum format 71 Demographics EditHistorical populationYearPop 16724 181 17874 866 16 4 18015 579 14 7 18347 048 26 3 18457 477 6 1 186010 069 34 7 187011 721 16 4 188014 152 20 7 189019 503 37 8 190131 457 61 3 191138 415 22 1 192148 239 25 6 193059 091 22 5 194074 681 26 4 195087 883 17 7 196096 436 9 7 1970100 587 4 3 197694 994 5 6 1981114 302 20 3 1986113 650 0 6 1990113 599 0 0 1994116 567 2 6 1998119 157 2 2 2002120 359 1 0 2006121 540 1 0 2010123 432 1 6 2012126 556 2 5 2013106 916 15 5 2014130 853 22 4 2018137 053 4 7 2022119 862 12 5 Source Official Danish census data 72 Aalborg and its satellite town Norresundby situated to the north seen from the satellite Aalborg was the largest town in Jutland until it was surpassed by Aarhus in the mid 19th century 23 In 1672 it had 4 181 inhabitants growing slowly during the 18th century with 4 425 in 1769 4 866 in 1787 and 5 579 by 1801 73 By 1845 there were 7 477 inhabitants increasing to 10 069 by 1860 Dramatic growth began in the late 19th century with an increase from 14 152 in 1880 to 31 457 in 1901 73 By 1930 the population had grown to 59 091 although the figure was boosted by the merging of Norre Tranders Rordal Fabriksby Oster Sundby and Oster Uttrup into Aalborg In 1950 it reached 87 883 which grew to 100 587 by 1970 73 There was a temporary decline in population to 94 994 in 1976 but in 1981 following the incorporation of Norresundby it grew to 114 302 73 The population has increased steadily since then according to the census of 1 January 2009 Aalborg had a total of 122 461 inhabitants 74 101 497 of them living in the town and 20 964 in the independent suburb of Norresundby As of 2021 update the town had a total population of 142 561 118 871 in the city proper and 23 690 in Norresundby 75 making it the fourth most populous in Denmark after Copenhagen Aarhus and Odense 76 74 Statistics for 2016 showed there were 210 316 people living in the Municipality of Aalborg 77 Economy Edit Industry in Aalborg on the Limfjord Aalborg is North Jutland s major industrial and commercial centre exporting grain cement and spirits 78 Heavy industry was behind the city s prosperity until fairly recently Many of the factories have now closed to be replaced by developments in the knowledge based and green energy sectors 38 Mobile and wireless communications industries have grown substantially since the 1990s as has rotor production for wind turbines In January 2011 there were some 9 200 enterprises in Aalborg employing around 109 000 people or approximately 35 of the workforce of the Northern Region In the 2010s the city is set on increasing its participation in the global economy through both existing companies and new entrants Its efforts are focused on four areas energy and environment information technology health support systems and Arctic business The latter covers trade with Greenland as the Port of Aalborg handles over 60 of all goods shipped to Greenland Four harbours dot the waterfront Marina Fjordparken Skudehavnen Vestre Badehavn and Ostre Havn Tourism is also growing with a considerable rise in the number of passengers at Aalborg Airport Aalborg Municipality has Denmark s second highest revenue from tourism and is the only municipality in the north of Denmark where overnight stays are increasing 79 80 Major private companies Edit Akvavit was a major export Telenor Denmark part of the Norwegian Telenor telecommunications and mobile phone company has a workforce of about 1 100 in Aalborg making it one of the city s largest new employers 81 Siemens Wind Power has rotor blade production and testing facilities in Aaborg In 2012 and 2013 there were additions in both areas The new testing plant is the world s largest research test centre for wind turbine technology 82 83 In 2012 the company shipped a record 570 wind turbine blades from the Port of Aalborg mainly to England and Ireland up 45 on the previous year 84 The cement carrier Cemisle at Aalborg Portland Aalborg was home to De Danske Spritfabrikker or Danish Distillers now owned by the Norwegian company Arcus which produces numerous brands of akvavit until 2014 85 The company is the world s largest akvavit producer and exporter 86 Aalborg Industries the world s largest manufacturer of marine boilers has been established in Aalborg since the 1920s 87 It has recently expanded into floating production systems for the offshore market Employing 2 600 people in December 2010 it was acquired by the Swedish Alfa Laval also a specialist in the area 88 Aalborg Portland a subsidiary of the Italian Cementir since 2004 89 was founded in 1889 with the support of FLSmidth Able to draw on the chalk deposits from Rordal to the east of the city it rapidly became a major cement producer Today it is the world s largest supplier of white cement which it exports around the globe 90 Facilities Edit Aalborg has a wide selection of shops and restaurants In the city centre there are both large department stores and smaller speciality shops One of the largest shopping malls in Denmark the Aalborg Storcenter is to the south of the city in Skalborg It has about 75 stores including a large Bilka supermarket 91 The city has over 300 restaurants 92 catering in Danish European and Asian dishes Notable establishments include Fusion on the waterfront 93 Mortens Kro run by celebrity chef Morten Nielsen and Irish House a pub in the 17th century Jens Olufsen s House 94 While Aalborg is renowned for its alcohol and nightlife 92 there are also a number of coffee shops 95 Aalborg has 12 large hotels most within walking distance of the city centre 96 The Helnan Phonix Hotel is the largest occupying what was originally built as a lavish private residence in 1783 for a Danish brigadier 97 It was converted into a hotel in 1853 and in 2011 had 210 rooms furnished with dark oak 97 The Chagall was established in the 1950s and has reproductions of Marc Chagall paintings in the rooms 97 Radisson Blu Limfjord Hotel operated by the Radisson Hotels chain contains 188 rooms and has the Italian restaurant Vero Gusto 98 The Park Hotel opposite the railway station was established in 1917 97 Other hotels include Cabinn Aalborg Hotel Hvide Hus Hotel Krogen and Prinsen Hotel Several banks including Danske Bank Forex Jyske Bank Spar Nord and Nordea have branches in Aalborg 99 Landmarks Edit Aalborghus Castle Old former town hall Despite its industrial background and the factories along its waterfront the city has gained popularity for tourism in recent years offering a wide variety of attractions and historic buildings in addition to its museums churches and parks 100 See the religion section for details on churches Historic buildings Edit Jens Bang s House Danish Jens Bangs Stenhus on Osteragade near the old town hall is one of Denmark s best examples of 17th century domestic architecture Built in 1624 by the Aalborg merchant Jens Bang in the Dutch Renaissance style the four story sandstone building is noted for its rising gables and sculpted auricular window decorations For over 300 years it has housed the city s oldest pharmacy 101 Jorgen Olufsen s House Jorgen Olufsen s House Jorgen Olufsens Gard on Osteragade is Denmark s best preserved merchant s mansion in the Renaissance style Built mainly of sandstone in 1616 it also has a half timbered section The style is reminiscent of similar buildings in the north of Germany and in the Netherlands Olufsen Jens Bang s half brother was not only a successful merchant but also mayor of Aalborg When it was built the residence with its integrated warehouse was on the Ostera an inlet from the sound with access for barges The old iron bar with a hook for scales can be seen in the portico 102 103 Aalborghus Castle Aalborghus Slot is a half timbered building with red painted woodwork and whitewashed wall panels It was built in the mid 16th century by King Christian III for his vassals who collected taxes and is the only remaining example of its kind in the country 21 The park dungeon and casemates but not the castle itself are open to the public in the summer months 104 In the 1950s the castle was converted into administrative offices 19 Historical house in Aalborg town centre Aalborg s old city hall in Gammeltorv in service until 1912 was built in 1762 It is now only used for ceremonial and representative purposes Designed in the Late Baroque style the building with its black glazed tile roof consists of two storeys and a cellar The yellow washed facade is decorated with white pilasters and a frontispiece featuring the Danish coat of arms and a bust of King Frederick V His motto Prudentia et Constantia is also seen above the main entrance 105 The well preserved door is an example of the Rococo style The building was listed by the Danish Heritage Agency in 1918 106 Another old building of note is the half timbered Handvaerkerhuset at Kattesunded 20 from c 1625 which originally housed a number of warehouses It is now used as a centre for arts and crafts 107 Finally the headquarters of Danish Distillers De Danske Spritfabrikker to the west of the Limfjord Bridge is noted for its Neoclassical appearance Completed in 1931 by the architect Alf Cock Clausen it combines functionality with decorative classical symbolism Considered a masterpiece of Danish factory design it is now a Danish National Heritage site 20 108 When the factory closed in 2014 was the area bought by an investor who will use the buildings to create an international culture city with museums theatres apartments etc Other landmarks Edit Nytorv Square Utzon Center Jomfru Ane Gade literally Virgin Anne s Street is one of the most famous streets in Aalborg if not in Denmark Popular for its cafes and restaurants during the day it is even busier at night with its clubs discos and bars During the 1990s the street was infamously a hang out of two biker gangs who were at war for some years all over Scandinavia As the bikers disappeared it became increasingly popular for people of all ages 109 The pedestrian hubs of Nytorv Square and John F Kennedy Square in the central city area are also part of the cityscape Aalborgtarnet is a tripod tower erected in 1933 with a restaurant on the top The tower itself is 55 m 180 ft high but as it stands on the top of the Skovbakken hill it reaches a total height of 105 m 344 49 ft above sea level providing a view over the sound and the city Designed by Carlo Odgard it was erected in 1933 in connection with the North Jutland Fair 110 In 2008 the Utzon Center its art architecture and design credited to the noted architect Jorn Utzon is also dedicated to him 43 It was built next to the Limfjord at the central harbour front in Aalborg Born in Copenhagen Utzon grew up in Aalborg The centre contains an exhibition on Utzon s work which includes the Sydney Opera House as well as educational displays on architecture and design 111 The centre consists of several individual buildings creating a special place around a courtyard on a platform The tall sculptural roofs of the auditorium and the boat hall both on the harbour front and the library facing the park area and the city are set off by the lower roofs of the exhibition and workshop areas inside the complex 112 Culture EditThe annual Aalborg Carnival usually takes place in the last weekend of May 113 It consists of three events the children s carnival Bornekarneval 114 the battle of carnival bands 115 and the carnival proper Attracting about 100 000 visitors it is the biggest carnival in Scandinavia and one of the largest in northern Europe 52 Hjallerup Market in Hjallerup about 20 kilometres 12 mi northeast of Aalborg is one of the oldest and largest markets in Denmark and is the largest horse market in Europe 92 Held for three days in the beginning of June it annually attracts more than 200 000 people and 1200 horses 92 In 1999 Aalborg was for the first time one of the four host ports in The Tall Ships Race then Cutty Sark Tall Ships Race of that year The city hosted the world s largest event for sailing vessels again in 2004 and 2010 and will do so for the fourth time in less than two decades when The Tall Ships Races visits Aalborg in early August 2015 Major venues Edit Aalborg Carnival 2008 Aalborgs Kongres amp Kultur Center designed in a functional style by Otto Frankild was completed in 1952 The centre s main component the Aalborg Hall can be divided into sections The complex also contains a hotel restaurant bowling alley and a number of meeting rooms The smaller Europahallen was added in 1991 making the centre the largest in Scandinavia 116 With over 100 theatrical and musical presentations per year it offers international stars opera ballet musicals classical concerts productions for children as well as pop and rock concerts It can accommodate audiences of up to 2 500 117 Aalborg Teater built in 1878 and subsequently modified by Julius Petersen seats 870 in the main auditorium First privately owned the theatre is now controlled and owned by the Danish Ministry of Culture While most productions are housed in the main hall the building can accommodate up to four shows at once in halls of varying sizes 118 Over the years the theatre has produced a wide selection of drama and musicals 119 Aalborg Teater Nordkraft is a cultural centre in a former power plant near the harbour It has theatres a cinema and concert facilities Kunsthal Nord established in the centre in 2009 arranges up to five exhibitions a year of all forms of contemporary art especially of local origin but also from other parts of Denmark and beyond It serves as the exhibition centre for KunstVaerket the North Jutland centre for the arts and also works in collaboration with the modern art museum Kunsten designed by the Finnish architect Alvar Aalto 120 121 In the same neighbourhood a huge concert hall Musikkens Hus designed by Coop Himmelb l au opened in 2014 It is Aalborg s most ambitious construction project in recent years 122 The city also has a wide selection of galleries and arts and crafts outlets operated by local artists The Academy of Music also has a presence in Aarhus 43 There are several glass workshops others produce jewelry sculptures or exhibit paintings 123 Museums Edit Main article Museums in Aalborg Lindholm Hoje Museum Museum of Modern Art and its sculpture garden There are various museums in the city The Aalborg Historical Museum was established in 1863 making it one of the earliest provincial museums in the country 124 125 The North Jutland Historical Museum conducted a series of archaeological excavations in the 1950s at Lindholm Hoje revealing ancient burial sites In 1992 the Lindholm Hoje Museum was opened there and extended in 2008 126 In 1994 and 1995 excavations at the site of the Greyfriars Monastery resulted in the creation of the underground Grabrodrekloster Museum in the city centre 127 Several organisations now collaborate under the leadership of the North Jutland Historical Museum 128 The Springeren Marine Experience Center is a marine museum on the city s wharf with a wide range of exhibits including Springeren an old Danish submarine whence its name 129 130 The Aalborg Defence and Garrison Museum documents Danish defences during the Second World War as well as the history of Aaborg s garrison since 1779 131 The KUNSTEN Museum of Modern Art Aalborg was built from 1958 to 1972 132 the collection consists of around 1 500 art objects including paintings sculptures and other media 133 Music Edit The Aalborg Symphony Orchestra Aalborg Symfoniorkester founded in 1943 presents about 150 concerts a year frequently playing in the Musikkens Hus It also plays for the Jutland opera company Den Jyske Opera also based in Aalborg and at the Royal Danish Theatre in Copenhagen It is one of the main organisers of the 10 day Aalborg Opera Festival held every March 134 135 Aalborg has the jazz club Jazzclub Satchmo and an annual jazz and blues festival Den Bla Festival also known as the Mini New Orleans Festival Over four days in mid August concerts are performed on squares in the streets and in cafes and restaurants 136 Since 2012 the Egholm Festival a small music festival on the island of Egholm near Aalborg has been organized in the first weekend of August 137 It features relatively unknown upcoming pop rock and hip hop artists The festival has two stage areas and was organized by the Musical Association Aalborg MUSAM and Aalborg Events Religion EditLutheranism Edit Budolfi Church The principal religion in Aalborg as in the rest of Denmark is Christianity Aalborg is the seat of a bishop within the Lutheran State Church of Denmark The cathedral of this bishopric is the Budolfi Church originally built no later than 1132 by Viborg s Bishop Eskil This church was considerably smaller than the current one as it was merely a parish church The existing structure was completed in the late 14th century on the grounds of the former church and was listed for the first time in the Atlas of Denmark in 1399 The church was named after St Botolph an English abbot and saint 138 The church is constructed in the Gothic style 138 In 1554 Aalborg was made a diocese and after consideration St Budolfi Church was made the seat of the Bishop of Aalborg Aalborg is also home to the former Catholic church the Abbey of Our Lady converted from a Benedictine nunnery 139 Churches Edit The present Budolfi Church which has the status of a cathedral dates from the end of the 14th century although at least two earlier churches stood on the same spot Built in the Gothic style it consists of a nave flanked by two aisles a tower and a porch After the original tower was destroyed by fire in 1663 the striking new Baroque tower based on that of an earlier Copenhagen city hall was completed in 1779 The church has 16th century frescoes and an intricately carved early Baroque altarpiece from 1689 created by Lauridtz Jensen 140 Abbey of Our Lady Vor Frue Kirke Abbey of Our Lady Vor Frue Kirke was designed in 1878 by J E Gnudtzmann in the Neo Romanesque style The original Church of Our Lady from the early 12th century was pulled down after the Reformation because it was old and unstable but the 12th century tower and the original portal with sculpted decorations can still be seen The carved pulpit dates to around 1581 20 141 As a result of the considerable population increase from the end of the 19th century a number of new churches were built in various styles Next to Aalborg Hall Ansgar s Church with its tall tower was built in 1929 to a design by Hother August Paludan in a modern Baroque style 142 St Mark s Church Sankt Markus Kirke completed in 1933 was designed by Einar Packness Its tower is crowned by an imposing spire The Biblical figures known as the Johannes Group based on Christ s meeting with John the Baptist in Matthew Chapter 3 sculpted by Bertel Thorvaldsen are displayed around the interior 20 143 The Margrethe Church with its steeply sloping roof reaching 22 m 72 ft is the work of Carlo Odgaard and Aaby Sorensen Bent Exner designed some of the artefacts in the church including the crucifix over the altar 144 Cemeteries Edit Aalborg s cemeteries have a history dating to the end of the Middle Ages Sankt Jorgens Kirkegard St George s Cemetery was on the corner of Hasserisgade and Kirkegardsgade The site was chosen in a district outside the city as it provided isolation for those affected by the plague many of whom died in the neighbouring hospice Sankt Jorgens Garde In 1794 a new cemetery was opened in Klostermarken immediately to the south of Sankt Jorgens Kirkegard It was further extended in 1804 1820 and 1870 It is now known as Aalborgs Almen Kirkegard meaning common cemetery and contains the graves of many of the city s most notable citizens 145 Judaism Edit Aalborg had a synagogue built in 1854 and the Jewish rabbi Salomon Mielziner served it for 35 years 146 Services were no longer offered after Mielziner died and in 1924 the synagogue was donated to the city government which began using it to store the city archives Stadsarkivet 146 It was burned down by the Schalburg Corps in April 1945 towards the end of World War II destroying its centuries old Torahs 146 147 Anti semitism continues to exist in Denmark and in 1999 an unlicensed Nazi radio station began operating from a neo Nazi stronghold in Fynen Norresundby within Aalborg municipality 148 The activity has been widely denounced with organized opposition in Aalborg and the rest of Denmark and in February 1999 12 anti fascists were arrested for possession of explosives at their base in Fynen 148 Education Edit Aalborg University AAU Campus East as seen during summertime a Boulevarden in Aalborg s town centre seen in 2011 b Aalborg University Campus East The major university in Aalborg is the University of Aalborg founded in 1974 149 It has more than 17 000 students and more than 3 000 employees 150 In 2012 3 000 new students started at the university In 1995 it merged with Esbjerg Engineering College 149 The university has attempted from the outset to develop a more relevant form of education than was then being offered by the established universities 151 It has sought to develop what is known as contextual knowledge a form of problem based learning based around the project work conducted by students rather than the curriculum focusing on traditional academic disciplines 151 The University College of Northern Denmark is one of seven new regional organisations professionshojskoler of different study sites in Denmark offering courses normally at the bachelor level The Royal School of Library and Information Science RSLIS provides higher education in library and information science one of its two departments is in Aalborg With about 4 500 students a year and 700 employees Tech College Aalborg offers a wide spectrum of vocational training and runs Aalborg Tekniske Gymnasium Aalborg Business College provides basic training in retail and trading for private enterprises and the public sector with courses which cover information technology economics sales and communication and languages 152 The island of Egholm contains the former Egholm Skole which was closed in 1972 when a ferry service to Aalborg was established and children on the island began attending the Vesterkaeret Skole in Aalborg Today the old school on Egholm is run as a school camp by the City of Aalborg with 18 beds and facilities for 60 people 44 Skipper Clement International School is a private school for children between 6 and 16 The international department conducts its classes in English the first to be established in the Jutland peninsula 153 but it does have department which educates in Danish like the public schools in Denmark Sport EditThe city is home to Aalborg BK established in 1885 and known as AaB for short The club has won the Danish championship Superliga four times in recent years 1995 1999 2008 2014 The team qualified for the group stages of the 1995 96 and 2008 09 UEFA Champions League seasons Aalborg Chang is a Danish amateur association football club previously known as FC Nordjylland The Gigantium also sometimes used as an examination hall by the AAU Aalborg is also known for the women s handball club Aalborg DH and the men s handball club Aalborg Handbold Established in 2001 and 2011 respectively they both play their games in the Gigantium 154 Rugby in Aalborg is represented by Aalborg RK Lynet Lightning established in 1964 The city also has the Aalborg Cricket Club which is part of the Danish Cricket League 155 They were established in 2000 and have players from various nations 156 157 Aalborg Tennisklub is located along the Kastetvej road in the centre of Aalborg About 10 kilometres 6 2 mi to the southwest of the city near the hamlet of Restrup Enge is Aalborg Golf Klub 158 Aalborg Golf Klub is the second oldest golf club in Denmark and was originally established in 1908 in the eastern part of Aalborg In 1929 it moved to Sohngaardsholm but 30 years later the course had to again move because of developments with the university 159 The present course to the southwest of Aalborg was designed in 1968 by Graham Lockey and Commander John Harris as a 9 hole course later expanded to 18 holes in 1976 and 27 in 2006 159 In 2010 the club hosted the European Girls Team Golf Championships 159 Another course Ornehoj Golfklub is at the southeastern limits of the city in the village of Gistrup 160 On 11 September 1977 Aalborg hosted the Final of the Long Track World Championship for Motorcycle speedway The Final was won by Swedish rider Anders Michanek He defeated West Germany s Hans Seigl and Denmark s own speedway hero Ole Olsen Transport Edit Limfjordsbroen Aalborg railway station John F Kennedy Plads On the north side of the Limfjord is Norresundby connected to Aalborg by the Limfjordsbroen road bridge which was inaugurated in 1933 replacing a pontoon bridge which dated to 1865 The iron Limfjord Railway Bridge inaugurated in 1938 is a nine span bascule bridge It opens 4 000 times a year allowing around 10 000 vessels to sail under it 161 Opening in 1969 as the first motorway tunnel to be built in Denmark 162 the Limfjord Tunnel 163 is 582 m 1 909 ft long and has three lanes in each direction It forms part of the E45 stretching from Alta Norway to Gela Italy 164 Aalborg Airport is 6 kilometres 3 7 mi northwest of the city centre With its two runways it has 20 direct routes to destinations in Denmark Norway Ireland 165 the Netherlands the UK Spain and Turkey along with seasonal flights to additional Spanish destinations and the Faroe Islands Processing 1 4 million passengers a year the airport is the third largest in Denmark 166 The Aalborg Air Base an important Danish Air Force facility occupies part of the extensive airport area 167 The Port of Aalborg is northern Denmark s main import export hub 168 operated by Aalborg Havn A S on the Limfjord Two additional private harbours serve the cement factory Aalborg Portland A S and the power station Vattenfall A S 169 A cruise ship in Port of Aalborg The city s main train station Aalborg Railway Station is on John F Kennedys Plads It opened in 1869 when the Aalborg to Randers railway was inaugurated The original station building was designed by N P C Holsoe while the present building which opened in 1902 was designed by Thomas Arboe Aalborg Railway Station is operated by Banedanmark and DSB 170 Other rail stations in Aalborg are Skalborg Station Aalborg Vestby Station and Lindholm Station There are regular bus services covering the inner city as well as the wider urban area 171 NT buses with different designs in John F Kennedy Plads December 2021 Cycling is also relatively popular in Aalborg Statistics for 2012 indicate 44 of the population use their bicycles several times a week while 27 of the workforce cycle to work The municipal authorities hope to increase the use of bicycles by providing better cycle tracks and parking facilities as well as improved support services 172 Starting from 2009 city bikes were provided free of charge in Aalborg and Norresundby from April to November with numerous stands throughout the area 173 however the city bike system was closed down in 2014 when funding ran out 174 In 2008 plans were made to build a light rail system to serve Aalborg similar to Odense Letbane and Aarhus Letbane In 2014 the government committed funding to light rail in Aalborg only to retract the funding after a new cabinet was elected in the 2015 general election 175 In 2017 government funding was approved to build a bus rapid transit system instead of the light rail 176 The system known as Plusbus is planned to be operational in 2023 177 Healthcare Edit Aalborg University Hospital south section Aalborg University Hospital the largest in the north of Jutland was founded in 1881 As of 2013 update it consists of two large buildings in Aalborg the hospital in Dronninglund and smaller departments in Hobro and Hjorring It is the largest employer in the area with around 6 500 on the payroll 178 The hospital has traditionally undertaken research but from the beginning of 2013 it has had a formal collaboration with Aalborg University 179 A new building designed by schmidt hammer lassen architects and to be completed by 2020 will provide 134 000 m2 1 440 000 sq ft for hospital buildings and 17 000 m2 180 000 sq ft for the university s Faculty of Health 180 The Aalborg University Hospital section south is on Hobrovej and has a 24 hour emergency ward 38 The northern section is in Reberbanegade which is in the western part of the city centre Traenregimentet the Danish regiment for army supply and emergency medical personnel is also in Aalborg 181 Media EditNordjyske Stiftstidende published in Aalborg is Denmark s second oldest newspaper founded in 1767 as Nyttige og fornoyelige Jydske Efterretninger It was later known as Aalborg Stiftstidende until 1999 In 1827 it merged with Aalborg s second newspaper Aalborgs Stifts Adresse Avis The paper now serves the whole of Vendsyssel and most of Himmerland and has local editions in Aalborg Hjorring Hobro Frederikshavn Fjerritslev Skagen and Bronderslev 182 ANR also Aalborg Naerradio and Alle Nordjyders Radio is a local radio station operated by Nordjyske Medier owner of Nordjyske Stiftstidende The TV news channel 24Nordjyske is operated by the same firm 183 Twin towns sister cities EditAalborg practices twinning on the municipal level For the twin towns see twin towns of Aalborg Municipality Notable people EditMain article List of people from Aalborg Among those who contributed to Aalborg s prosperity in the 19th century were Poul Pagh 1796 1870 who significantly developed trade and shipping and Christen Winther Obel 1800 1860 who increased production at the C W Obel tobacco factory until it became the city s main employer Another important figure of the times was Marie Ree 1835 1900 who ran the local newspaper Aalborg Stiftstidende until 1900 often promoting women s rights 184 More recently the actor and script writer Preben Kaas 1930 1981 who was born in Aalborg starred in over 50 Danish films 185 Among the city s many sporting figures Peter Gade born 1976 stands out as one of the world s most successful badminton players 186 On the cultural side Jorn Utzon 1918 2008 designer of the Sydney Opera House grew up in Aalborg the iconic Utzon Center which he inspired now serves as a museum for his architectural designs and offers courses of study based on his approach 187 Gallery Edit Aalborg University Campus East Hjelmerstald The northwestern section of Gabels Torv One of the old restaurants and wine cellars The eastern part of Korsgade John F Kennedy Square near the train station A historical building in the town centre of Aalborg namely Aalborg s Post and Telegraph listed by the Heritage Agency of Denmark Holbergsgade 1 and Korsgade The Courthouse in Aalborg and Aalborg University s Basis compus The train station in Aalborg Osteragade 23 and 25 Vesterbro in Aalborg s town centre A historical kiosk in Aalborg s town centre Aalborg s town centre on the way towards the central campus of Aalborg University Aalborg s town centre towards the Limfjords bridge linking the town with its satellite smaller town Norresundby Vor Frelser Kirke in Aalborg s town centre Aerial view of part of Aalborg showcasing the area in the proximity of Vor Frelser Kirke The train station in Aalborg view towards the railways Notes Edit Aalborg University AAU attracts several thousands new students on an annual basis in the town of Aalborg which temporarily increases its population The white building at Boulevarden 38 pertains to the International Accommodation Office of Aalborg University AAU and is inhabited predominantly by MSc international students on an annual basis References EditNotes ELSA Aalborg studyvisits elsa org Retrieved 27 February 2020 a b Statistikbanken Statistik Banken in Danish dead link Statistik Banken in Danish dead link Befolkningstal a b Data services Eurostat ec europa eu Retrieved 11 December 2022 Dijkstra Lewis Poelman Hugo Veneri Paolo 11 December 2019 The EU OECD definition of a functional urban area OECD Regional Development Working Papers doi 10 1787 d58cb34d en S2CID 197468189 a href Template Cite journal html title Template Cite journal cite journal a Cite journal requires journal help Folketal den 1 I kvartalet efter omrade kon alder og civilstand Statistikbanken data og tal Alborg The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language 5th ed HarperCollins Retrieved 16 April 2019 Aalborg Collins English Dictionary HarperCollins Retrieved 16 April 2019 Aalborg US and Aalborg Lexico UK English Dictionary Oxford University Press Archived from the original on 27 January 2020 Alborg Merriam Webster Dictionary Retrieved 16 April 2019 a b Statistikbanken www statistikbanken dk Retrieved 28 August 2022 Folketal den 1 i kvartalet efter omrade kon alder og civilstand Statistikbanken data og tal www statistikbanken dk Retrieved 28 August 2022 Befolkningstal www dst dk in Danish Retrieved 28 August 2022 Dijkstra Lewis Poelman Hugo Veneri Paolo 11 December 2019 The EU OECD definition of a functional urban area OECD Regional Development Working Papers doi 10 1787 d58cb34d en S2CID 197468189 a href Template Cite journal html title Template Cite journal cite journal a Cite journal requires journal help Nogletal for Aalborg Universitet Aalborg Universitet Retrieved 11 December 2022 NordDanmarks EU kontor Aalborg er EU s mest tilfredse by Archived from the original on 8 March 2014 Retrieved 7 March 2014 a b c d e f The History of Aalborg Aalborg University Archived from the original on 1 February 2014 Retrieved 20 August 2013 a b c d e f g h Hans Lyngby Jepsen 1986 Nordjylland Gyldendal p 158 ISBN 978 87 00 80962 8 a b Soren Olsen Kasper Monty 2000 Danmarks kobstaeder 144 kobstaeder og andre gamle byer Politiken pp 50 54 ISBN 978 87 567 6203 8 Alaburs historie in Danish Alabur dk Archived from the original on 3 September 2011 Retrieved 24 August 2013 a b c d e f g h The History of Aalborg Aalborg University School of Engineering and Science Archived from the original on 1 February 2014 Retrieved 5 September 2013 Christensen amp Mikkelsen 2008 p 58 Stig Bergmann Moller Bente Springborg Aalborg kort fortalt Fra 700 tallet til 1600 tallet PDF in Danish Aalborg Kommune Archived from the original PDF on 1 February 2014 Retrieved 22 August 2013 Niels Clemmensen Budolfi kirke Aalborg domkirke Historie in Danish Alborg Stift Archived from the original on 2 February 2014 Retrieved 23 August 2013 Historien om Ellen Marsvins hus Rikki Tikki Company in Danish Retrieved 18 September 2013 a b c d Danmarks Kobstaeder Aalborg in Danish Dansk Center for Byhistorie Retrieved 21 August 2013 a b Peter Dragsbo Henning Bender Aalborgs industrielle udvikling fra 1735 til 1940 Aalborgs Historie bd 4 udg af Aalborg Kommune 1987 520 s in Danish Historisk Tidsskrift Bind 15 raekke 3 1988 2 Archived from the original on 25 March 2016 Retrieved 21 August 2013 a b Aalborg Lufthavns historie in Danish Aalborg Lufthavn Archived from the original on 21 October 2013 Retrieved 21 August 2013 Sevaldsen Bjorke amp Bjorn 2003 p 316 Soren C Flensted 13 August 1940 attack on Aalborg West Flensted Retrieved 17 August 2013 Thomas 1996 p 35 Aalborg Portland State of Green Archived from the original on 22 February 2014 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Rasmussen Fruensholm Kajaksnakken Rasmussen s blog in Danish Retrieved 8 September 2013 Kalk Den Store Danske in Danish Retrieved 22 August 2013 Erik Stenestad Fluviokarst in the top of the Maastrichtian chalk at Rordal Northern Jutland Denmark PDF Bulletin of the Geological Society of Denmark Vol 53 pp 93 110 Retrieved 22 August 2013 a b c Ostre Anlaeg in Danish Aalborg Kommune Archived from the original on 27 May 2013 Retrieved 21 August 2013 E F Teglvaenget 1 19 og Vangs Alle 6 10 30 284 teglvaenget probo dk Retrieved 2 February 2022 a b c d e Lindholm Fjordpark in Danish Aalborg Kommune Archived from the original on 3 August 2013 Retrieved 21 August 2013 Parks and Green Areas in Aalborg VisitAalborg Retrieved 21 August 2013 a b Bain Booth amp Parnell 2008 p 297 About the Zoo Aalborg Zoo Archived from the original on 22 September 2013 Retrieved 25 August 2013 Karolinelund Aalborg Kommune Archived from the original on 13 September 2012 Retrieved 20 August 2013 Danish Climatological 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original on 9 April 2012 Retrieved 20 August 2013 Technical and Environmental Department Aalborg Kommune Archived from the original on 9 April 2012 Retrieved 20 August 2013 Department of Family and Employment Aalborg Kommune Archived from the original on 9 April 2012 Retrieved 20 August 2013 Department of Care for Elderly and Disabled Citizens Aalborg Kommune Archived from the original on 9 April 2012 Retrieved 20 August 2013 Department of Education and Cultural Affairs Aalborg Kommune Archived from the original on 9 April 2012 Retrieved 20 August 2013 Health and Sustainable Development Department Aalborg Kommune Archived from the original on 9 April 2012 Retrieved 20 August 2013 Public Utilities Aalborg Kommune Archived from the original on 16 January 2013 Retrieved 20 August 2013 City Council Members Aalborg Kommune Archived from the original on 4 January 2014 Retrieved 21 August 2013 Aalborg City Council Rules of Procedure Aalborg Kommune Archived from the original on 21 August 2013 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Underground Greyfriar Monestery sic Museum KML Archived from the original on 21 September 2013 Retrieved 24 August 2013 Om museet in Danish Nordjyllands Historiske Museum Retrieved 26 August 2013 Om os in Danish Springeren Maritimt Oplevelsescenter Retrieved 26 August 2013 Springeren Marine Experience Center Visit Aalborg Retrieved 26 August 2013 Aarlborg Forsvars og Garnisonsmuseum Aarlborg Forsvars og Garnisonsmuseum Retrieved 19 August 2013 Simon Ostenfeld Pedersen Museum as a Light Machine Danish Heritage Retrieved 7 October 2011 KUNSTEN Collections Kunsten dk Archived from the original on 21 September 2013 Retrieved 2 September 2013 Aalborg Symphony Orchestra Dacapo Records Retrieved 25 August 2013 Aalborg Opera Festival VisitDenmark Archived from the original on 22 September 2013 Retrieved 25 August 2013 Den Bla Festival in Danish VisitAalborg Archived from the original on 22 September 2013 Retrieved 25 August 2013 Velkommen til Egholm Festival 2013 Egholm Festival Archived from the original on 28 August 2013 Retrieved 31 August 2013 a b Kirkens Historie Aalborg Domkirke www aalborgdomkirke dk Abbey of Our Lady Vorfruekirke Retrieved 19 August 2013 Niels Clemmensen Alborg Domkirke Budolfi Kirke in Danish Aalborg Domkirke Archived from the original on 10 June 2015 Retrieved 23 August 2013 Vor Frue Kirke Church of Our Lady VisitAalborg Retrieved 23 August 2013 Om kirken in Danish Ansgars Kirken Archived from the original on 25 August 2013 Retrieved 25 August 2013 Om kirken in Danish Sankt Markus Aalborg Retrieved 25 August 2013 Lidt kirkehistorie in Danish Margrethekirken Aalborg Archived from the original on 10 June 2015 Retrieved 25 August 2013 Almen Kirkegard PDF in Danish Aalborg Kommune Retrieved 2 September 2013 permanent dead link a b c Scandinavia Special Interest Group SIG Aalborg Jewishgen org Retrieved 5 September 2013 Germans Set Danish Synagogue Afire Destroy Centuries old Torahs Sydvenska Dagbladet via The Global Jewish News Source 10 April 1945 Retrieved 5 September 2013 a b Roth 2001 p 70 a b OECD 1 June 2005 Reviews of National Policies for Education Reviews of National Policies for Education University Education in Denmark 2005 OECD Publishing p 22 ISBN 978 92 64 00973 8 Antal arsvaerk for medarbejdere pa AAU in Danish Aalborg Universitet Retrieved 25 August 2013 a b Jamison 2013 p 73 Aalborg Business College Aalborg Handelsskole Retrieved 23 September 2013 Welcome to Skipper Clement International School in Aalborg Denmark Skipper Clement International School Archived from the original on 22 September 2013 Retrieved 23 September 2013 Historie in Danish Gigantium Retrieved 19 August 2013 Aalborg Cricket Club Aalborg Cricket Club Archived from the original on 14 May 2021 Retrieved 22 August 2013 Team Batting Statistics Aalborg Cricket Club Archived from the original on 6 May 2013 Retrieved 22 August 2013 Team Bowling Statistics Aalborg Cricket Club Archived from the original on 6 May 2013 Retrieved 22 August 2013 En moderne og traditionsrig golf klub i Nordjylland Aalborg Golf Klub Retrieved 5 September 2013 a b c Aalborg Golf Klub Top100golfcourses co uk Retrieved 5 September 2013 Velkommen til Ornehoj Golfklub in Danish Ornehoj Golfklub Retrieved 5 September 2013 Jernbanebroen over Limfjorden er det nye navn in Danish Banedanmark Archived from the original on 22 September 2013 Retrieved 31 August 2013 Limfjordstunnelen Den Store Danske Retrieved 21 August 2013 Limfjord Tunnel Limfjordstunnelen Aalborg Danishnet com Retrieved 31 August 2013 Report of the Working Party on Road Transport on its 111th session PDF UN Economic and Social Council p 11 Retrieved 25 August 2018 Great Dane Airlines to launch Dublin and Edinburgh routes Business Traveller Retrieved 4 September 2019 Passenger statistics 2000 2012 Archived 2013 04 24 at the Wayback Machine Aalborg Airport Retrieved 26 August 2013 Airbase Aalborg History PDF Danish Air Show Archived from the original PDF on 1 February 2014 Retrieved 11 October 2012 Velkommen til Aalborg Havn in Danish Aalborghavn dk Archived from the original on 2 March 2012 Retrieved 17 August 2013 The Port of Aalborg Maersk Broker Archived from the original on 29 September 2013 Retrieved 1 September 2013 Aalborg station in Danish Nordjyllands jernbaner Retrieved 2 September 2013 Nordjyllands Trafik Selskab in Danish Archived from the original on 28 August 2013 Retrieved 2 September 2013 Aalborg cykelby Planlaegning Archived 2013 09 05 at archive today Aalborg Kommune in Danish Retrieved 5 September 2013 Take a ride on a city bike Archived 2013 05 01 at the Wayback Machine Aalborg bycyklen Retrieved 5 September 2013 Bycyklerne i Aalborg er fortid in Danish Nordjyske 11 June 2015 Mick Knive Anderson 29 September 2015 Aalborg Letbane slettet af finansloven in Danish TV2 Nord Retrieved 1 March 2022 Ulrik Andersen 10 February 2017 762 mio kr til hurtigbusser i Aalborg billigere tog pa Sjaelland og mere letbane i Aarhus in Danish Ingenioren Om Plusbus in Danish Plusbus Retrieved 1 March 2022 Om Aalborg Universitetshospital in Danish Aalborg Universitetshospital Archived from the original on 26 August 2013 Retrieved 24 August 2013 Aalborg Universitetshospital Den Store Danske in Danish Retrieved 24 October 2013 Alison Furuto 11 July 2012 New Aalborg University Hospital schmidt hammer lassen architects Arch daily Retrieved 24 August 2013 Aalborg Barracks Traenregimentet Archived from the original on 13 January 2016 Retrieved 21 August 2013 Nordjyske Stiftstidende Den Store Danske in Danish Retrieved 2 September 2013 NordjyskeMedier Archived 2013 11 13 at the Wayback Machine in Danish Retrieved 2 September 2013 Om kendte personer begravet pa Almen Kirkegard permanent dead link Aalborg Kommune in Danish Retrieved 5 September 2013 Preben Kaas Dansk Biografisk Leksikon in Danish Retrieved 5 September 2013 Peter Gade Badminton Europe Retrieved 5 September 2013 Utzon and Aalborg Archived 2012 07 17 at the Wayback Machine Utzon Center Retrieved 5 September 2013 Bibliography Bain Carolyn Booth Michael Parnell Fran 2008 Denmark Lonely Planet ISBN 978 1 74104 669 4 Bender Henning 1987 Aalborgs industrielle udvikling fra 1735 til 1940 in Danish Aalborg kommune ISBN 978 87 982530 1 3 Christensen Soren Bitsch Mikkelsen Jorgen 2008 Danish Towns During Absolutism Urbanisation and Urban Life 1660 1848 Isd ISBN 978 87 7934 152 4 Dijkman M Europe Real Estate Yearbook 2010 Real Estate Publishers BV ISBN 978 90 77997 48 2 Jamison Andrew 1 March 2013 The Making of Green Engineers Sustainable Development and the Hybrid Imagination Morgan amp Claypool Publishers ISBN 978 1 62705 159 0 Laursen Ib Skovfoged 1998 Aalborg i festlige og farlige tider nordjysk lokalhistorie fra 1945 1990 in Danish Eget forlag ISBN 978 87 985718 4 1 Mortensen Leif 1997 Glimt af en by s historie in Danish Den Bette ISBN 978 87 90635 00 8 Olesen Elizabet 15 April 2011 Denmark Travel Adventures Hunter Publishing Inc ISBN 978 1 58843 707 5 Porter Darwin Prince Danforth Norum Roger 15 June 2011 Frommer s Scandinavia John Wiley amp Sons ISBN 978 1 118 09023 7 Roth Stephen 1 March 2001 Anti Semitism Worldwide 1999 2000 University of Nebraska Press ISBN 978 0 8032 5943 0 Sevaldsen Jorgen Bjorke Bo Bjorn Claus January 2003 Britain and Denmark Political Economic and Cultural Relations in the 19th and 20th Centuries Museum Tusculanum Press ISBN 978 87 7289 750 9 Thomas Andrew 1996 Over All Things Everywhere The story of 82 Squadron Royal Air Force Air Enthusiast Vol 66 Stamford UK Key Publishing ISSN 0143 5450 External links Edit Wikivoyage has a travel guide for Aalborg Wikimedia Commons has media related to Aalborg Satellite image from Google Maps About Aalborg from Nordjyske Medier local media group Aalborg Kommune Aalborg Municipality s official website VisitAalborg Aalborg Tourist Office Aalborg University Aalborg University in Danish Aalborg Cricket Club Archived 14 May 2021 at the Wayback Machine Public Transport in Aalborg and surroundings in Danish Aalborg Akvavit Alborgtarnet in Danish Instagram Photos of Aalborg in Danish Aalborg Carnival Information Texts on Wikisource Aalborg The American Cyclopaedia 1879 Aalborg The Nuttall Encyclopaedia 1907 Aalborg Encyclopaedia Britannica 11th ed 1911 Aalborg Collier s New Encyclopedia 1921 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Aalborg amp oldid 1128451168, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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