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Jørn Utzon

Jørn Oberg Utzon (Danish: [ˈjɶɐ̯ˀn ˈutsʌn]; 9 April 1918 – 29 November 2008)[1] was a Danish architect. In 1957, he won an international design competition for his design of the Sydney Opera House in Australia. Utzon's revised design, which he completed in 1961, was the basis for the landmark, although it was not completed until 1973.[2]

Jørn Utzon
Utzon in 2000
Born
Jørn Oberg Utzon

(1918-04-09)9 April 1918
Copenhagen, Denmark
Died29 November 2008(2008-11-29) (aged 90)
Helsingør, Denmark
Alma materRoyal Danish Academy of Fine Arts
OccupationArchitect
AwardsPritzker Prize
BuildingsSydney Opera House, Bagsværd Church, Kuwait National Assembly Building

When it was declared a World Heritage Site on 28 June 2007, Utzon became only the second person to have received such recognition for one of his works during his lifetime, after Oscar Niemeyer.[3] Other noteworthy works include Bagsværd Church near Copenhagen and the National Assembly Building in Kuwait. He also made important contributions to housing design, especially with his Kingo Houses near Helsingør.[4]

Utzon attended the Royal Danish Academy of Fine Arts (1937–42) and was influenced early on by Gunnar Asplund and Alvar Aalto.[5]

Early life and career edit

Utzon was born in Copenhagen, the son of a naval architect, and grew up in Aalborg, Denmark, where he became interested in ships and a possible naval career.[6] As a result of his family's interest in art, from 1937 he attended the Royal Danish Academy of Fine Arts where he studied under Kay Fisker and Steen Eiler Rasmussen. Following his graduation in 1942, he joined Gunnar Asplund in Stockholm where he worked together with Arne Jacobsen and Poul Henningsen.[7] He took a particular interest in the works of American architect Frank Lloyd Wright.[8] After the end of World War II and the German Occupation of Denmark, he returned to Copenhagen.

In 1946 he visited Alvar Aalto in Helsinki. In 1947–48 he travelled in Europe, in 1948 he went to Morocco where he was taken by the tall clay buildings. In 1949, he travelled to the United States and Mexico, where the pyramids provided further inspiration. Fascinated by the way the Mayans built towards the sky to get closer to God, he commented that his time in Mexico was "One of the greatest architectural experiences in my life."[9]

In America, he visited Frank Lloyd Wright's home, Taliesin West, in the Arizona desert[10] and met Charles and Ray Eames.[9] In 1950 he established his own studio in Copenhagen[11] and, in 1952, built an open-plan house for himself, the first of its kind in Denmark. In 1957, he travelled first to China (where he was particularly interested in the Chinese desire for harmony), Japan (where he learnt much about the interaction between interiors and exteriors) and India, before arriving in Australia in 1957 where he stayed until 1966.[8] All this contributed to Utzon's understanding of factors which contribute to successful architectural design.[12]

Architectural approach edit

Utzon had a Nordic sense of concern for nature which, in his design, emphasized the synthesis of form, material and function for social values. His fascination with the architectural legacies of the ancient Mayas, the Islamic world, China, and Japan also informed his practice.[13] This developed into what Utzon later referred to as Additive Architecture, comparing his approach to the growth patterns of nature.[14] A design can grow like a tree, he explained: "If it grows naturally, the architecture will look after itself."[12]

Sydney Opera House edit

 
Sydney Opera House
 
Sydney Opera House - side view

In 1957, Utzon unexpectedly won the competition to design the Sydney Opera House. His submission was one of 233 designs from 32 countries, many of them from the most famous architects of the time.[9] Although he had won six other architectural competitions previously, the Opera House was his first non-domestic project. One of the judges, Eero Saarinen, described it as "genius" and declared he could not endorse any other choice.[10]

The designs Utzon submitted were little more than preliminary drawings. Emory Kemp's consulting career began at Ove Arup, where, he conducted analytical calculations for the roof, noting this was no simple task, as Utzon's sketches were designed to embellish the beauty of the international landmark, not necessarily for simple mathematics.[15] Concerned that delays would lead to lack of public support, the Cahill government of New South Wales nonetheless gave the go-ahead for work to begin in 1958. The British engineering consultancy Ove Arup and Partners put out tenders without adequate working drawings and construction work began on 2 March 1959. As a result, the podium columns were not strong enough to support the roof and had to be rebuilt. The situation was complicated by Cahill's death in October 1959.[12][16]

The extraordinary structure of the shells themselves represented a puzzle for the engineers. This was not resolved until 1961, when Utzon himself finally came up with the solution. He replaced the original elliptical shells with a design based on complex sections of a sphere. Utzon says his design was inspired by the simple act of peeling an orange: the 14 shells of the building, if combined, would form a perfect sphere.[9]

Although Utzon had spectacular, innovative plans for the interior of these halls, he was unable to realise this part of his design. In mid-1965, the New South Wales Liberal government of Robert Askin was elected. Askin had been a 'vocal critic of the project prior to gaining office.'[17] His new Minister for Public Works, Davis Hughes, was even less sympathetic. Elizabeth Farrelly, Australian architecture critic has written that

at an election night dinner party in Mosman, Hughes' daughter Sue Burgoyne boasted that her father would soon sack Utzon. Hughes had no interest in art, architecture or aesthetics. A fraud, as well as a philistine, he had been exposed before Parliament and dumped as Country Party leader for 19 years of falsely claiming a university degree. The Opera House gave Hughes a second chance. For him, as for Utzon, it was all about control; about the triumph of homegrown mediocrity over foreign genius.[17]

Utzon soon found himself in conflict with the new Minister. Attempting to rein in the escalating cost of the project, Hughes began questioning Utzon's capability, his designs, schedules and cost estimates, refusing to pay running costs. In 1966, after a final request from Utzon that plywood manufacturer Ralph Symonds should be one of the suppliers for the roof structure was refused, he resigned from the job, closed his Sydney office and vowed never to return to Australia.[12] When Utzon left, the shells were almost complete, and costs amounted to only $22.9 million. Following major changes to the original plans for the interiors, costs finally rose to $103 million.[9]

The Opera House was finally completed, and opened in 1973 by Elizabeth II, Queen of Australia. Utzon was invited to the opening ceremony by the Premier, he expressed he was pleased by the invitation however declined commenting "I cannot be a guest of the Government of New South Wales and at the same time criticize one of its ministers".[18] He was, however, to be recognised later when he was asked to design updates to the interior of the opera house. The Utzon Room, overlooking Sydney Harbour, was officially dedicated in October 2004. In a statement at the time Utzon wrote: "The fact that I'm mentioned in such a marvellous way, it gives me the greatest pleasure and satisfaction. I don't think you can give me more joy as the architect. It supersedes any medal of any kind that I could get and have got." Furthermore, Frank Gehry, one of the Pritzker Prize judges, commented: "Utzon made a building well ahead of its time, far ahead of available technology, and he persevered through extraordinarily malicious publicity and negative criticism to build a building that changed the image of an entire country."[19]

Works in Denmark edit

 
Bagsværd Church near Copenhagen (1968–1976)

While some of Utzon's most notable works are spread around the globe, he was most prolific in his native Denmark, whose landscape inspired him more than any other. Bagsværd Church, just north of Copenhagen, is considered to be a masterpiece of contemporary church architecture, thanks to its bright, naturally illuminated interior and its concrete ceiling straddled with softly-rounded vaulting inspired by clouds.[20] Designed in 1968, the church was completed in 1976. In the church there is a grand piano by Steingraeber designed by Utzon.[21] The Kingo Houses in Helsingør (1958) consist of 63 L-shaped homes based on the design of traditional Danish farmhouses with central courtyards.[22] Built in rows following the undulations of the site, each of the houses not only has a view of its own but enjoys the best possible conditions for sunlight and shelter from the wind. Utzon described the arrangement as "flowers on the branch of a cherry tree, each turning towards the sun."[23] In general, Utzon's houses display sophisticated and varied relationships to the path of the sun.[24]

A few years later, he went on to design the Fredensborg Houses (1963) for Danish pensioners who had worked for long periods abroad. Utzon helped select the site, and planned a complex consists of 47 courtyard homes and 30 terraced houses as well as a central building with a restaurant, meeting rooms and nine guest rooms. His design was inspired by housing in Beijing's Forbidden City. The homes are located around a square in groups of three, designed to maximize privacy, natural lighting, and views of the surrounding countryside.[23][25] When he was awarded the Pritzker Prize in 2003, Utzon was specifically lauded for his working designing housing projects that, the jury said, were "designed with people in mind."[26]

His Paustian Furniture Store (1988) on Copenhagen's waterfront stands on a multitude of columns inspired by a beech forest.[27] A temple-like finish is achieved by 11 columns with fan-shaped capitals overlooking the harbour. Similar columns are also present inside the spacious interior, stretching up to the skylight dominating the roof.[28]

In 2005, in close collaboration with his son Kim Utzon, he helped to plan the Utzon Center in Aalborg (completed 2008) designed to inspire young students of architecture. Located on the waterfront, its high sculptured roofs rise over an auditorium, a boathall and a library while the lower roofs of its exhibition rooms and workshops surround a central courtyard, sheltered from the wind.[29]

Other works edit

Kuwait's National Assembly Building, completed in 1982, stands on the sea front with (in Utzon's words) "haze and white light and an untidy town behind." Benefiting from an understanding of Islamic architecture, Utzon designed a building consisting of a covered square, a parliamentary chamber, a conference hall, and a mosque. Its waving roof conveys the impression of moving fabric.[30] Its columns are reminiscent of the Karnak temples.[8] He was also referenced in a Durham University tour video by Youtuber Jack Edwards as being the designer for the University's Student's Union building. [31]

The Melli Bank building in Tehran, slightly set back from the lines of the busy street where it stands, has a reinforced concrete frame faced with natural stone. The ground-level banking hall, naturally illuminated by skylight vaults, is connected to the upper floor by a central spiral staircase, providing maximum flexibility of space.[32]

Later life edit

 
Can Lis, Utzon's first house on Mallorca

On his return from Australia in 1966, Utzon made a stop on Mallorca. Fascinated by the island, he decided to build a summer house there on the top of a cliff near the fishing village of Portopetro. Named Can Lis after his wife, the house was based on the home he had intended to build in Australia but was inspired by local materials and climate, setting standards for contemporary Mediterranean architecture. The house consists of five loosely linked blocks with a colonnaded outdoor area, a living room and two bedrooms, each with its own courtyard.[33][34] The use of locally sourced pink stone in rough pillars is designed to give the impression of a much older building, in keeping with the landscape.[35]

Although Utzon and his wife spent an increasing amount of time on Mallorca, they became disturbed by all the tourists who came to see their home. They decided to move to a more remote area in the mountains where they built a second house known as Can Feliz, consisting of three blocks for dining, living and sleeping, separated by courtyards. The upper part of the grand theatrical living space is furnished for working with heavy timber bookcases and a large table. A huge window provides magnificent views of the pine forests and the sea beyond.[33]

The Utzon Center in Aalborg, designed together with his son Kim, was the architect's last assignment. In 2005 he commented, "From the bottom of my heart, I hope that the Utzon Center will be a place where positive thoughts converge and where students from the School of Architecture gather when they want to get together to discuss their ideas. It is intended to be a power centre for the architects and people of the future."[36]

Utzon died in Copenhagen on 29 November 2008, aged 90, of a heart attack in his sleep after a series of operations. He had never returned to Australia to see the completed opera house.[37][38] On 2 December 2008 the Parliament of New South Wales passed a special motion of condolence to honour Utzon's life and work.[39] He was survived by his wife, Lis, his sons Jan and Kim, his daughter Lin, and several grandchildren. His sons are trained architects and his daughter is a designer,[19][40] muralist and artist who was at one time married to the Australian architect Alex Popov.[41]

Buildings and projects edit

Major built projects
 
Svaneke water tower (1951)
 
Skagen Odde Naturcenter, Denmark, 1989 (completed by his son Jan Utzon in 1999–2000)

Written works edit

Books
  • Jørn Utzon, The Courtyard Houses: Logbook Vol. I, Copenhagen, Edition Bløndal, 2004, 180 pages. ISBN 87-91567-01-7
  • Jørn Utzon, Bagsværd Church: Logbook Vol. II, Copenhagen, Edition Bløndal, 2005, 168 pages. ISBN 87-91567-07-6
  • Jørn Utzon, Two Houses on Majorca: Logbook Vol. III, Copenhagen, Edition Bløndal, 2004, 76 pages. ISBN 87-91567-03-3
  • Jørn Utzon, Kuwait National Assembly: Logbook Vol. IV, Copenhagen, Edition Bløndal, 2008, 312 pages. ISBN 87-91567-21-1
  • Jørn Utzon, Additive Architecture: Logbook Vol. V, Copenhagen, Edition Bløndal, 2009, 312 pages. ISBN 87-91567-23-8
  • Jørn Utzon and Philip Drew, Sydney Opera House, London, Phaidon Press, 1995, 60 pages. ISBN 0-7148-3297-9
  • Martin Keiding and Kim Dirckinck-Holmfeld (ed.), Utzon and the new tradition, Utzon Library, Copenhagen, Danish Architectural Press, 2005, 262 pages. ISBN 87-7407-313-3
  • Martin Keiding and Kim Dirckinck-Holmfeld (ed.), Utzon's own houses, Utzon Library, Copenhagen, Danish Architectural Press, 2004. ISBN 87-7407-316-8
Journal articles
  • Jørn Utzon and Tobias Faber, Tendenser i nutidens arkitektur, Arkitektur, Copenhagen, 1947 (in Danish)
  • Jørn Utzon, Additiv arkitektur, Arkitektur, Copenhagen 1970, No. 1 (in Danish)
  • Jørn Utzon, Platforms and Plateaus: Ideas of a Danish Architect, Zodiac 10, Milan 1962
  • Jørn Utzon and others, A survey of Utzon's work, some descriptions by Utzon, and the Sydney Opera House as finally contemplated, Zodiac 5, Milan 1959[54]
  • Jørn Utzon and others, Utzon's descriptions of the Sydney Opera House, the Silkeborg Museum and the Zurich Theatre. Also Giedion's Jørn Utzon and the Third Generation, Zodiac 14, Milan 1965[55]

Awards and recognition edit

Utzon was bestowed an Honorary Fellowship of the American Institute of Architects (Hon. FAIA) in 1970 for his distinguished achievements as an foreign architect.[56][57] On 17 May 1985, he was made an Honorary Companion of the Order of Australia (AC).[58] He was given the Keys to the City of Sydney in 1998.[59] He was involved in redesigning the Opera House, and in particular, the Reception Hall, beginning in 1999.[60] In 2003, he received in his absence an honorary Doctor of Science degree in Architecture (Hon. DScArch) from the University of Sydney; his son accepted the award on his behalf.[61][62] In 2003, he was awarded the Pritzker Prize, architecture's highest honor.[63]

In March 2006, Queen Elizabeth II opened the western colonnade addition to the building designed by Utzon who had not returned to Australia since 1966. His son, Jan, took his place at the opening ceremony instead, saying his father was "too old by now to take the long flight to Australia. But he lives and breathes the Opera House, and as its creator he just has to close his eyes to see it."[64]

On 28 June 2007, the Sydney Opera House was declared a World Heritage Site.[65]

Following Utzon's death in 2008, on 25 March 2009, a state memorial and reconciliation concert was held in the Concert Hall at Sydney Opera House.[66]

List of awards

Influence edit

According to Kenneth Frampton, Utzon's architectural influence is manifest on three levels: the emphasis given to the roof element, the importance given to the grounding of the building, and the commitment to "the cultural validity of organic growth".[77] Kim Dirkinck-Holmfeld, writing in Dansk Arkitektur: 1960–1995, comments: Utzon did not obtain many commissions in his mother country but his importance was considerable in terms of direct imitation or inspiration. And he was the only Danish architect who made a significant contribution to the global development of Modernism.[78]

See also edit

References edit

  1. ^ Sudjic, Deyan (1 December 2008). "Obituary: Jørn Utzon". The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Retrieved 18 June 2019.
  2. ^ "Jørn Utzon (1918-2008)". The Guardian. 1 December 2008. ISSN 0261-3077. Retrieved 18 June 2019.
  3. ^ Kathy Marks (27 June 2007). . The Independent. Independent News & Media. Archived from the original on 8 January 2010. Retrieved 14 September 2009.
  4. ^ Pardey, John (30 July 2015). "House Plan: John Pardey on Jørn Utzon's Swedish housing". Architects Journal. Retrieved 18 June 2019.
  5. ^ "Jørn Utzon | Danish architect". Encyclopedia Britannica. Retrieved 10 May 2020.
  6. ^ "Thomas Arvid Jaeger: Joern Utzons maritime roots". Academia.edu.[permanent dead link]
  7. ^ Kasper Krogh, "Jørn Utzon – visionens mester", Berlingste Tidende, 29 November 2008. (in Danish) Retrieved 18 September 2011.
  8. ^ a b c Tobias Faber "Jørn Utzon", Kunstindekx Danmark & Weilbachskunstnerleksikon. (in Danish) Retrieved 18 September 2011.
  9. ^ a b c d e "Jørn Utzon (1918–2008)", Danishnet.com. Retrieved 18 September 2011.
  10. ^ a b Jorn Utzon from Telegraph, 30 November 2008.
  11. ^ . Famous Architects. Archived from the original on 10 July 2010. Retrieved 20 June 2010.
  12. ^ a b c d "Jørn Utzon: Danish architect who designed the Sydney Opera House", The Times, 1 December 2008.
  13. ^ Adrian Carter, "Between Earth and Sky: The work of Jørn Utzon, as an exemplary phenomenological approach to modern architecture made concrete." Retrieved 25 September 2011.
  14. ^ Richard Weston on Additive Architecture, Jorn Utzon, Logbook Vol V 15 March 2012 at the Wayback Machine, Edition Bløndal. Retrieved 25 September 2011.
  15. ^ Howe, Barb. . WV Dept. of Culture & History. Archived from the original on 3 October 2020. Retrieved 10 September 2020.
  16. ^ "Utzon, Jorn, 1918–2008: Jorn Utzon Sydney Opera House collection, 1956–1967", State Library of New South Wales. Retrieved 18 September 2011.
  17. ^ a b Farrelly, Elizabeth, "High noon at Bennelong Point" 3 December 2008 at the Wayback Machine, Canberra Times. Retrieved 21 September 2011.
  18. ^ Power, Julie (30 June 2023). "As the Sydney Opera House turns 50, a letter exposes the real drama behind its shells". The Sydney Morning Herald. Retrieved 16 August 2023.
  19. ^ a b Christopher Hawthorne, "Jorn Utzon dies at 90; Danish architect of Sydney Opera House", Los Angeles Times, 30 November 2008. Retrieved 18 September 2011.
  20. ^ "Bagsværd Kirke (1976)" 13 March 2012 at the Wayback Machine, Dansk Arkitektur Center. (in Danish) Retrieved 15 September 2011.
  21. ^ Michael Asgaard Andersen, "Revisiting Utzon's Bagsværd Church"[permanent dead link], Nordisk Arkitekturforskning. 2005: 2, p. 95 et seq. Retrieved 16 September 2011.
  22. ^ Møller, Henrik Sten and Udsen, Vibe: Jørn Utzon Houses, Living Architecture Publishing, Copenhagen, ISBN 87-987597-3-6
  23. ^ a b "Jørn Utzon, 2003 laureate, Biography" 22 December 2010 at the Wayback Machine, PritzkerPrize.com. Retrieved 17 September 2011.
  24. ^ "Jørn Utzon's sun-responsive houses". solarhousehistory.com. 13 September 2014.
  25. ^ "Utzons Fredensborghuse" 15 November 2012 at the Wayback Machine, Danes Worldwide. (in Danish) Retrieved 18 September 2011.
  26. ^ "Jørn Utzon | The Pritzker Architecture Prize". www.pritzkerprize.com. Retrieved 10 May 2019.
  27. ^ , Dansk Architektur Center. (in Danish) Retrieved 18 September 2011.
  28. ^ Kim Dirkinck-Holmfeld, "Dansk Arkitektur 1960–1995", Arkitektens Forlag, Copenhagen 1995, p. 326. ISBN 978-87-7407-112-9
  29. ^ "Utzon Center"[permanent dead link], Kim Utzon Arkitekter. Retrieved 22 September 2011.
  30. ^ "Kuwait National Assembly, 1972–82, by Jorn Utzon, 2003 Pritzker Architecture Prize Laureate" 27 September 2011 at the Wayback Machine. About.com. Retrieved 18 September 2011.
  31. ^ "A Tour of Durham University... THEY LIVE IN a CASTLE?!?! | AD | Jack Edwards". YouTube.
  32. ^ "Bank Melli" 12 January 2012 at the Wayback Machine, Arch Net. Retrieved 18 September 2011.
  33. ^ a b "Can Lis and Can Feliz in Mallorca, by Jørn Utzon", Stories of Houses. Retrieved 18 September 2011.
  34. ^ "Can Lis" 13 March 2012 at the Wayback Machine, Dansk Arkitectur Center. (in Danish) Retrieved 24 September 2011.
  35. ^ McCormick, Megan. "Architects' summer retreats". Architecture Today. Retrieved 8 September 2023.
  36. ^ "Utzon Center" 24 June 2011 at the Wayback Machine. Retrieved 18 September 2011.
  37. ^ Olsen, Jan (29 November 2008). . Associated Press. Archived from the original on 2 December 2008. Retrieved 29 November 2008.
  38. ^ Bernstein, Fred (29 November 2008). "Jorn Utzon, 90, Dies; Created Sydney Opera House". The New York Times. Retrieved 4 December 2008.
  39. ^ . Hansard. 2 December 2008. Archived from the original on 25 May 2011. Retrieved 28 April 2009.
  40. ^ Rhodes, Emily (29 June 2018). "Architects' children recall the joys of growing up on a building site". Financial Times. Archived from the original on 10 December 2022. Retrieved 18 June 2019.
  41. ^ (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 27 March 2014.
  42. ^ a b c d "Future Nordic Concrete Architecture" (PDF). Nordic Innovation Centre. Archived (PDF) from the original on 9 October 2022. Retrieved 9 April 2017.
  43. ^ a b c "Jorn Utzon". The Telegraph. 29 November 2008. Retrieved 9 April 2017.
  44. ^ a b (PDF). Brick Development Association. 2009. Archived from the original (PDF) on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 9 April 2017.
  45. ^ a b Miller, William (2016). Nordic Modernism: Scandinavian Architecture 1890–2017. The Crowood Press. ISBN 9781785002373.
  46. ^ "Utzons Lundahus får stärkt skydd". Sydsvenskan. 13 October 2008. Retrieved 9 April 2017.
  47. ^ "Opera House wins top status". The Sydney Morning Herald. 28 June 2007. Retrieved 9 April 2017.
  48. ^ "Bank Melli". Archnet. Retrieved 9 April 2017.
  49. ^ Bergdoll, Barry; Christensen, Peter (2008). Home Delivery: Fabricating the Modern Dwelling, Part 1. The Museum of Modern Art. p. 29. ISBN 9780870707339.
  50. ^ "Utzon's Island Escape". Architecture AU. Retrieved 9 April 2017.
  51. ^ "Utzon Architects: Skagen Odde Nature Center" 15 February 2010 at the Wayback Machine, ArcSpace.com. Retrieved 21 September 2011.
  52. ^ "Esbjerg Performing Arts Center". Danish Architecture Center - DAC. Retrieved 27 February 2022.
  53. ^ Line Christensen, "Regarding Utzon Center" 24 June 2011 at the Wayback Machine, Utzoncenter.dk. Retrieved 18 September 2011.
  54. ^ "[UTZON, JORN]. Zodiac 5. International Magazine of Contemporary Architecture" 17 November 2011 at the Wayback Machine, Antiqbook. Retrieved 23 September 2011.
  55. ^ "Utzon, Jorn. Zodiac 14. Milan 1965" Retrieved 23 September 2011
  56. ^ {https://issuu.com/aiacollegeoffellows/docs/faia_20directory] - website of electronic publishing platform Issuu
  57. ^ Bowker Institute 1970 - website of the American Institute of Architects
  58. ^ "It's an Honour: AC". from the original on 29 January 2019. Retrieved 30 August 2009.
  59. ^ "Jan Gehl awarded key to the City of Sydney". Architecture AU. 9 February 2017. Retrieved 9 April 2017.
  60. ^ "Jan Utzon on the Past and Future of the Sydney Opera House". Architect Magazine. 11 October 2013. Retrieved 9 April 2017.
  61. ^ "University honorary-award holders: Mr Joern Utzon". University of Sydney. 28 March 2003. Retrieved 20 October 2023.[permanent dead link]
  62. ^ "Sydney Opera House's designer dies". The New York Times. 30 November 2008. Retrieved 9 April 2017.
  63. ^ London, Paola Totaro in (30 November 2008). "Joern Utzon dead". The Sydney Morning Herald.
  64. ^ "Jørn Utzon Biography" 7 September 2011 at the Wayback Machine, Sydney Opera House. Retrieved 23 September 2011.
  65. ^ Centre, UNESCO World Heritage. "Sydney Opera House". UNESCO World Heritage Centre.
  66. ^ "Sydney Opera House architect Joern Utzon remembered". The Daily Telegraph. 25 March 2009. Archived from the original on 31 December 2012. Retrieved 28 April 2009.
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  77. ^ Frampton, Kenneth: "Between Artifice and Nature" in Louisiana Revy Vol.44 No.2 Jørn Utzon: The Architects Universe", Louisiana Museum of Art, 2004
  78. ^ Kim Dirkinck-Holmfeld, Dansk Arkitektur: 1960–1995, Arkitektens Forlag, 1995, p. 18–20.

Further reading edit

  • Michael Asgaard Andersen: Jørn Utzon. Arkitekturens tilblivelse og virke. Copenhagen: Nyt Nordisk Forlag Arnold Busck, 2011, ISBN 978-8-717040878, english Jørn Utzon. Drawings and Buildings, New York: Princeton Architectural Press, 2014, ISBN 978-1-61689-180-0
  • Françoise Fromonot: Jørn Utzon, The Sydney Opera House. Corte Madera, California: Gingko Press, 1998. ISBN 3-927258-72-5
  • Richard Weston: Utzon — Inspiration, Vision, Architecture. Denmark: Edition Bløndal, 2002. ISBN 87-88978-98-2
  • J.J. Ferrer Forés: Jørn Utzon. Obras y Proyectos. Works and Projects. Spain: GG 2006. ISBN 978-84-252-2060-9
  • Katarina Stübe and Jan Utzon, Sydney Opera House: A Tribute to Jørn Utzon. Reveal Books, 2009. ISBN 978-0-9806123-0-1

External links edit

  • Jørn Utzon at archINFORM
  • , including essays and photographs.
  • Eoghan Lewis (2014). "Utzon's Opera House". Dictionary of Sydney. Dictionary of Sydney Trust. Retrieved 9 October 2015. [CC-By-SA]
  • Obituary in The Economist, 11 December 2008.

jørn, utzon, jørn, oberg, utzon, danish, ˈjɶɐ, ˈutsʌn, april, 1918, november, 2008, danish, architect, 1957, international, design, competition, design, sydney, opera, house, australia, utzon, revised, design, which, completed, 1961, basis, landmark, although,. Jorn Oberg Utzon Danish ˈjɶɐ ˀn ˈutsʌn 9 April 1918 29 November 2008 1 was a Danish architect In 1957 he won an international design competition for his design of the Sydney Opera House in Australia Utzon s revised design which he completed in 1961 was the basis for the landmark although it was not completed until 1973 2 Jorn UtzonUtzon in 2000BornJorn Oberg Utzon 1918 04 09 9 April 1918Copenhagen DenmarkDied29 November 2008 2008 11 29 aged 90 Helsingor DenmarkAlma materRoyal Danish Academy of Fine ArtsOccupationArchitectAwardsPritzker PrizeBuildingsSydney Opera House Bagsvaerd Church Kuwait National Assembly BuildingWhen it was declared a World Heritage Site on 28 June 2007 Utzon became only the second person to have received such recognition for one of his works during his lifetime after Oscar Niemeyer 3 Other noteworthy works include Bagsvaerd Church near Copenhagen and the National Assembly Building in Kuwait He also made important contributions to housing design especially with his Kingo Houses near Helsingor 4 Utzon attended the Royal Danish Academy of Fine Arts 1937 42 and was influenced early on by Gunnar Asplund and Alvar Aalto 5 Contents 1 Early life and career 2 Architectural approach 3 Sydney Opera House 4 Works in Denmark 5 Other works 6 Later life 7 Buildings and projects 8 Written works 9 Awards and recognition 10 Influence 11 See also 12 References 13 Further reading 14 External linksEarly life and career editUtzon was born in Copenhagen the son of a naval architect and grew up in Aalborg Denmark where he became interested in ships and a possible naval career 6 As a result of his family s interest in art from 1937 he attended the Royal Danish Academy of Fine Arts where he studied under Kay Fisker and Steen Eiler Rasmussen Following his graduation in 1942 he joined Gunnar Asplund in Stockholm where he worked together with Arne Jacobsen and Poul Henningsen 7 He took a particular interest in the works of American architect Frank Lloyd Wright 8 After the end of World War II and the German Occupation of Denmark he returned to Copenhagen In 1946 he visited Alvar Aalto in Helsinki In 1947 48 he travelled in Europe in 1948 he went to Morocco where he was taken by the tall clay buildings In 1949 he travelled to the United States and Mexico where the pyramids provided further inspiration Fascinated by the way the Mayans built towards the sky to get closer to God he commented that his time in Mexico was One of the greatest architectural experiences in my life 9 In America he visited Frank Lloyd Wright s home Taliesin West in the Arizona desert 10 and met Charles and Ray Eames 9 In 1950 he established his own studio in Copenhagen 11 and in 1952 built an open plan house for himself the first of its kind in Denmark In 1957 he travelled first to China where he was particularly interested in the Chinese desire for harmony Japan where he learnt much about the interaction between interiors and exteriors and India before arriving in Australia in 1957 where he stayed until 1966 8 All this contributed to Utzon s understanding of factors which contribute to successful architectural design 12 Architectural approach editUtzon had a Nordic sense of concern for nature which in his design emphasized the synthesis of form material and function for social values His fascination with the architectural legacies of the ancient Mayas the Islamic world China and Japan also informed his practice 13 This developed into what Utzon later referred to as Additive Architecture comparing his approach to the growth patterns of nature 14 A design can grow like a tree he explained If it grows naturally the architecture will look after itself 12 Sydney Opera House edit nbsp Sydney Opera House nbsp Sydney Opera House side viewIn 1957 Utzon unexpectedly won the competition to design the Sydney Opera House His submission was one of 233 designs from 32 countries many of them from the most famous architects of the time 9 Although he had won six other architectural competitions previously the Opera House was his first non domestic project One of the judges Eero Saarinen described it as genius and declared he could not endorse any other choice 10 The designs Utzon submitted were little more than preliminary drawings Emory Kemp s consulting career began at Ove Arup where he conducted analytical calculations for the roof noting this was no simple task as Utzon s sketches were designed to embellish the beauty of the international landmark not necessarily for simple mathematics 15 Concerned that delays would lead to lack of public support the Cahill government of New South Wales nonetheless gave the go ahead for work to begin in 1958 The British engineering consultancy Ove Arup and Partners put out tenders without adequate working drawings and construction work began on 2 March 1959 As a result the podium columns were not strong enough to support the roof and had to be rebuilt The situation was complicated by Cahill s death in October 1959 12 16 The extraordinary structure of the shells themselves represented a puzzle for the engineers This was not resolved until 1961 when Utzon himself finally came up with the solution He replaced the original elliptical shells with a design based on complex sections of a sphere Utzon says his design was inspired by the simple act of peeling an orange the 14 shells of the building if combined would form a perfect sphere 9 Although Utzon had spectacular innovative plans for the interior of these halls he was unable to realise this part of his design In mid 1965 the New South Wales Liberal government of Robert Askin was elected Askin had been a vocal critic of the project prior to gaining office 17 His new Minister for Public Works Davis Hughes was even less sympathetic Elizabeth Farrelly Australian architecture critic has written that at an election night dinner party in Mosman Hughes daughter Sue Burgoyne boasted that her father would soon sack Utzon Hughes had no interest in art architecture or aesthetics A fraud as well as a philistine he had been exposed before Parliament and dumped as Country Party leader for 19 years of falsely claiming a university degree The Opera House gave Hughes a second chance For him as for Utzon it was all about control about the triumph of homegrown mediocrity over foreign genius 17 Utzon soon found himself in conflict with the new Minister Attempting to rein in the escalating cost of the project Hughes began questioning Utzon s capability his designs schedules and cost estimates refusing to pay running costs In 1966 after a final request from Utzon that plywood manufacturer Ralph Symonds should be one of the suppliers for the roof structure was refused he resigned from the job closed his Sydney office and vowed never to return to Australia 12 When Utzon left the shells were almost complete and costs amounted to only 22 9 million Following major changes to the original plans for the interiors costs finally rose to 103 million 9 The Opera House was finally completed and opened in 1973 by Elizabeth II Queen of Australia Utzon was invited to the opening ceremony by the Premier he expressed he was pleased by the invitation however declined commenting I cannot be a guest of the Government of New South Wales and at the same time criticize one of its ministers 18 He was however to be recognised later when he was asked to design updates to the interior of the opera house The Utzon Room overlooking Sydney Harbour was officially dedicated in October 2004 In a statement at the time Utzon wrote The fact that I m mentioned in such a marvellous way it gives me the greatest pleasure and satisfaction I don t think you can give me more joy as the architect It supersedes any medal of any kind that I could get and have got Furthermore Frank Gehry one of the Pritzker Prize judges commented Utzon made a building well ahead of its time far ahead of available technology and he persevered through extraordinarily malicious publicity and negative criticism to build a building that changed the image of an entire country 19 Works in Denmark edit nbsp Bagsvaerd Church near Copenhagen 1968 1976 While some of Utzon s most notable works are spread around the globe he was most prolific in his native Denmark whose landscape inspired him more than any other Bagsvaerd Church just north of Copenhagen is considered to be a masterpiece of contemporary church architecture thanks to its bright naturally illuminated interior and its concrete ceiling straddled with softly rounded vaulting inspired by clouds 20 Designed in 1968 the church was completed in 1976 In the church there is a grand piano by Steingraeber designed by Utzon 21 The Kingo Houses in Helsingor 1958 consist of 63 L shaped homes based on the design of traditional Danish farmhouses with central courtyards 22 Built in rows following the undulations of the site each of the houses not only has a view of its own but enjoys the best possible conditions for sunlight and shelter from the wind Utzon described the arrangement as flowers on the branch of a cherry tree each turning towards the sun 23 In general Utzon s houses display sophisticated and varied relationships to the path of the sun 24 A few years later he went on to design the Fredensborg Houses 1963 for Danish pensioners who had worked for long periods abroad Utzon helped select the site and planned a complex consists of 47 courtyard homes and 30 terraced houses as well as a central building with a restaurant meeting rooms and nine guest rooms His design was inspired by housing in Beijing s Forbidden City The homes are located around a square in groups of three designed to maximize privacy natural lighting and views of the surrounding countryside 23 25 When he was awarded the Pritzker Prize in 2003 Utzon was specifically lauded for his working designing housing projects that the jury said were designed with people in mind 26 His Paustian Furniture Store 1988 on Copenhagen s waterfront stands on a multitude of columns inspired by a beech forest 27 A temple like finish is achieved by 11 columns with fan shaped capitals overlooking the harbour Similar columns are also present inside the spacious interior stretching up to the skylight dominating the roof 28 In 2005 in close collaboration with his son Kim Utzon he helped to plan the Utzon Center in Aalborg completed 2008 designed to inspire young students of architecture Located on the waterfront its high sculptured roofs rise over an auditorium a boathall and a library while the lower roofs of its exhibition rooms and workshops surround a central courtyard sheltered from the wind 29 nbsp Architect s own house Hellebaek 1950 1952 nbsp Middelboe house Holte 1953 1955 nbsp Kingo houses Helsingor 1956 1960 nbsp Fredensborg Houses 1959 1963 Other works editKuwait s National Assembly Building completed in 1982 stands on the sea front with in Utzon s words haze and white light and an untidy town behind Benefiting from an understanding of Islamic architecture Utzon designed a building consisting of a covered square a parliamentary chamber a conference hall and a mosque Its waving roof conveys the impression of moving fabric 30 Its columns are reminiscent of the Karnak temples 8 He was also referenced in a Durham University tour video by Youtuber Jack Edwards as being the designer for the University s Student s Union building 31 The Melli Bank building in Tehran slightly set back from the lines of the busy street where it stands has a reinforced concrete frame faced with natural stone The ground level banking hall naturally illuminated by skylight vaults is connected to the upper floor by a central spiral staircase providing maximum flexibility of space 32 Later life edit nbsp Can Lis Utzon s first house on MallorcaOn his return from Australia in 1966 Utzon made a stop on Mallorca Fascinated by the island he decided to build a summer house there on the top of a cliff near the fishing village of Portopetro Named Can Lis after his wife the house was based on the home he had intended to build in Australia but was inspired by local materials and climate setting standards for contemporary Mediterranean architecture The house consists of five loosely linked blocks with a colonnaded outdoor area a living room and two bedrooms each with its own courtyard 33 34 The use of locally sourced pink stone in rough pillars is designed to give the impression of a much older building in keeping with the landscape 35 Although Utzon and his wife spent an increasing amount of time on Mallorca they became disturbed by all the tourists who came to see their home They decided to move to a more remote area in the mountains where they built a second house known as Can Feliz consisting of three blocks for dining living and sleeping separated by courtyards The upper part of the grand theatrical living space is furnished for working with heavy timber bookcases and a large table A huge window provides magnificent views of the pine forests and the sea beyond 33 The Utzon Center in Aalborg designed together with his son Kim was the architect s last assignment In 2005 he commented From the bottom of my heart I hope that the Utzon Center will be a place where positive thoughts converge and where students from the School of Architecture gather when they want to get together to discuss their ideas It is intended to be a power centre for the architects and people of the future 36 Utzon died in Copenhagen on 29 November 2008 aged 90 of a heart attack in his sleep after a series of operations He had never returned to Australia to see the completed opera house 37 38 On 2 December 2008 the Parliament of New South Wales passed a special motion of condolence to honour Utzon s life and work 39 He was survived by his wife Lis his sons Jan and Kim his daughter Lin and several grandchildren His sons are trained architects and his daughter is a designer 19 40 muralist and artist who was at one time married to the Australian architect Alex Popov 41 Buildings and projects editMajor built projects nbsp Svaneke water tower 1951 Water tower in Svaneke Bornholm Denmark 1952 42 Architect s own house Hellebaek Denmark 1952 43 House in Holte Denmark 1953 43 Kingo Houses Helsingor Denmark 1956 59 44 Elineberg Housing Helsingborg Sweden 1966 45 Planetstaden housing project in Lund Sweden 1957 58 46 Sydney Opera House Sydney Australia 1973 47 Fredensborg Houses courtyard housing in Fredensborg Denmark 1965 44 Melli Bank University of Tehran Branch Tehran Iran 1962 48 Hammershoj Care Centre Helsingor Denmark 1966 45 Espansiva building system pre fabricated single family houses Denmark 1960s 49 Bagsvaerd Church Bagsvaerd Denmark 1976 42 Can Lis Architect s own house Majorca Spain 1971 43 National Assembly of Kuwait Kuwait City Kuwait 1982 42 Paustian Furniture Store Copenhagen Denmark 1987 42 Can Feliz Majorca Spain 1994 50 Skagen Odde Nature Centre Skagen Denmark 1989 completed by his son Jan Utzon in 1999 2000 51 Esbjerg Performing Arts Centre Esbjerg Denmark 1997 52 Utzon Center Aalborg 2008 with Kim Utzon 53 nbsp Elineberg Housing Helsingborg Sweden 1954 1966 nbsp Hammershoj Care Centre Helsingor Denmark 1962 1966 nbsp Paustian furniture store Copenhagen 1987 nbsp Utzon Center Aalborg 2005 2008 nbsp Skagen Odde Naturcenter Denmark 1989 completed by his son Jan Utzon in 1999 2000 Written works editBooksJorn Utzon The Courtyard Houses Logbook Vol I Copenhagen Edition Blondal 2004 180 pages ISBN 87 91567 01 7 Jorn Utzon Bagsvaerd Church Logbook Vol II Copenhagen Edition Blondal 2005 168 pages ISBN 87 91567 07 6 Jorn Utzon Two Houses on Majorca Logbook Vol III Copenhagen Edition Blondal 2004 76 pages ISBN 87 91567 03 3 Jorn Utzon Kuwait National Assembly Logbook Vol IV Copenhagen Edition Blondal 2008 312 pages ISBN 87 91567 21 1 Jorn Utzon Additive Architecture Logbook Vol V Copenhagen Edition Blondal 2009 312 pages ISBN 87 91567 23 8 Jorn Utzon and Philip Drew Sydney Opera House London Phaidon Press 1995 60 pages ISBN 0 7148 3297 9 Martin Keiding and Kim Dirckinck Holmfeld ed Utzon and the new tradition Utzon Library Copenhagen Danish Architectural Press 2005 262 pages ISBN 87 7407 313 3 Martin Keiding and Kim Dirckinck Holmfeld ed Utzon s own houses Utzon Library Copenhagen Danish Architectural Press 2004 ISBN 87 7407 316 8Journal articlesJorn Utzon and Tobias Faber Tendenser i nutidens arkitektur Arkitektur Copenhagen 1947 in Danish Jorn Utzon Additiv arkitektur Arkitektur Copenhagen 1970 No 1 in Danish Jorn Utzon Platforms and Plateaus Ideas of a Danish Architect Zodiac 10 Milan 1962 Jorn Utzon and others A survey of Utzon s work some descriptions by Utzon and the Sydney Opera House as finally contemplated Zodiac 5 Milan 1959 54 Jorn Utzon and others Utzon s descriptions of the Sydney Opera House the Silkeborg Museum and the Zurich Theatre Also Giedion s Jorn Utzon and the Third Generation Zodiac 14 Milan 1965 55 Awards and recognition editUtzon was bestowed an Honorary Fellowship of the American Institute of Architects Hon FAIA in 1970 for his distinguished achievements as an foreign architect 56 57 On 17 May 1985 he was made an Honorary Companion of the Order of Australia AC 58 He was given the Keys to the City of Sydney in 1998 59 He was involved in redesigning the Opera House and in particular the Reception Hall beginning in 1999 60 In 2003 he received in his absence an honorary Doctor of Science degree in Architecture Hon DScArch from the University of Sydney his son accepted the award on his behalf 61 62 In 2003 he was awarded the Pritzker Prize architecture s highest honor 63 In March 2006 Queen Elizabeth II opened the western colonnade addition to the building designed by Utzon who had not returned to Australia since 1966 His son Jan took his place at the opening ceremony instead saying his father was too old by now to take the long flight to Australia But he lives and breathes the Opera House and as its creator he just has to close his eyes to see it 64 On 28 June 2007 the Sydney Opera House was declared a World Heritage Site 65 Following Utzon s death in 2008 on 25 March 2009 a state memorial and reconciliation concert was held in the Concert Hall at Sydney Opera House 66 List of awards1967 C F Hansen Medal 67 1973 RAIA Gold Medal from the Royal Australian Institute of Architects 68 1978 RIBA Royal Gold Medal 69 1980 The Daylight and Building Component Award 70 1982 Alvar Aalto Medal 71 1987 Nykredit Architecture Prize 72 1992 Wolf Prize 73 1998 Sonning Prize 74 2000 Golden Lion for Lifetime Achievement 75 2003 Pritzker Prize 76 Influence editAccording to Kenneth Frampton Utzon s architectural influence is manifest on three levels the emphasis given to the roof element the importance given to the grounding of the building and the commitment to the cultural validity of organic growth 77 Kim Dirkinck Holmfeld writing in Dansk Arkitektur 1960 1995 comments Utzon did not obtain many commissions in his mother country but his importance was considerable in terms of direct imitation or inspiration And he was the only Danish architect who made a significant contribution to the global development of Modernism 78 See also editArchitecture of DenmarkReferences edit Sudjic Deyan 1 December 2008 Obituary Jorn Utzon The Guardian ISSN 0261 3077 Retrieved 18 June 2019 Jorn Utzon 1918 2008 The Guardian 1 December 2008 ISSN 0261 3077 Retrieved 18 June 2019 Kathy Marks 27 June 2007 World Heritage honour for daring Sydney Opera House The Independent Independent News amp Media Archived from the original on 8 January 2010 Retrieved 14 September 2009 Pardey John 30 July 2015 House Plan John Pardey on Jorn Utzon s Swedish housing Architects Journal Retrieved 18 June 2019 Jorn Utzon Danish architect Encyclopedia Britannica Retrieved 10 May 2020 Thomas Arvid Jaeger Joern Utzons maritime roots Academia edu permanent dead link Kasper Krogh Jorn Utzon visionens mester Berlingste Tidende 29 November 2008 in Danish Retrieved 18 September 2011 a b c Tobias Faber Jorn Utzon Kunstindekx Danmark amp Weilbachskunstnerleksikon in Danish Retrieved 18 September 2011 a b c d e Jorn Utzon 1918 2008 Danishnet com Retrieved 18 September 2011 a b Jorn Utzon from Telegraph 30 November 2008 Jorn Utzon Famous Architects Archived from the original on 10 July 2010 Retrieved 20 June 2010 a b c d Jorn Utzon Danish architect who designed the Sydney Opera House The Times 1 December 2008 Adrian Carter Between Earth and Sky The work of Jorn Utzon as an exemplary phenomenological approach to modern architecture made concrete Retrieved 25 September 2011 Richard Weston on Additive Architecture Jorn Utzon Logbook Vol V Archived 15 March 2012 at the Wayback Machine Edition Blondal Retrieved 25 September 2011 Howe Barb Dr Emory L Kemp A West Virginia Preservation Pioneer WV Dept of Culture amp History Archived from the original on 3 October 2020 Retrieved 10 September 2020 Utzon Jorn 1918 2008 Jorn Utzon Sydney Opera House collection 1956 1967 State Library of New South Wales Retrieved 18 September 2011 a b Farrelly Elizabeth High noon at Bennelong Point Archived 3 December 2008 at the Wayback Machine Canberra Times Retrieved 21 September 2011 Power Julie 30 June 2023 As the Sydney Opera House turns 50 a letter exposes the real drama behind its shells The Sydney Morning Herald Retrieved 16 August 2023 a b Christopher Hawthorne Jorn Utzon dies at 90 Danish architect of Sydney Opera House Los Angeles Times 30 November 2008 Retrieved 18 September 2011 Bagsvaerd Kirke 1976 Archived 13 March 2012 at the Wayback Machine Dansk Arkitektur Center in Danish Retrieved 15 September 2011 Michael Asgaard Andersen Revisiting Utzon s Bagsvaerd Church permanent dead link Nordisk Arkitekturforskning 2005 2 p 95 et seq Retrieved 16 September 2011 Moller Henrik Sten and Udsen Vibe Jorn Utzon Houses Living Architecture Publishing Copenhagen ISBN 87 987597 3 6 a b Jorn Utzon 2003 laureate Biography Archived 22 December 2010 at the Wayback Machine PritzkerPrize com Retrieved 17 September 2011 Jorn Utzon s sun responsive houses solarhousehistory com 13 September 2014 Utzons Fredensborghuse Archived 15 November 2012 at the Wayback Machine Danes Worldwide in Danish Retrieved 18 September 2011 Jorn Utzon The Pritzker Architecture Prize www pritzkerprize com Retrieved 10 May 2019 Kocept Arcsite Kanon Dansk Architektur Center in Danish Retrieved 18 September 2011 Kim Dirkinck Holmfeld Dansk Arkitektur 1960 1995 Arkitektens Forlag Copenhagen 1995 p 326 ISBN 978 87 7407 112 9 Utzon Center permanent dead link Kim Utzon Arkitekter Retrieved 22 September 2011 Kuwait National Assembly 1972 82 by Jorn Utzon 2003 Pritzker Architecture Prize Laureate Archived 27 September 2011 at the Wayback Machine About com Retrieved 18 September 2011 A Tour of Durham University THEY LIVE IN a CASTLE AD Jack Edwards YouTube Bank Melli Archived 12 January 2012 at the Wayback Machine Arch Net Retrieved 18 September 2011 a b Can Lis and Can Feliz in Mallorca by Jorn Utzon Stories of Houses Retrieved 18 September 2011 Can Lis Archived 13 March 2012 at the Wayback Machine Dansk Arkitectur Center in Danish Retrieved 24 September 2011 McCormick Megan Architects summer retreats Architecture Today Retrieved 8 September 2023 Utzon Center Archived 24 June 2011 at the Wayback Machine Retrieved 18 September 2011 Olsen Jan 29 November 2008 Sydney Opera House designer Joern Utzon dies at 90 Associated Press Archived from the original on 2 December 2008 Retrieved 29 November 2008 Bernstein Fred 29 November 2008 Jorn Utzon 90 Dies Created Sydney Opera House The New York Times Retrieved 4 December 2008 Ministerial Statement Death of Joern Utzon Hansard 2 December 2008 Archived from the original on 25 May 2011 Retrieved 28 April 2009 Rhodes Emily 29 June 2018 Architects children recall the joys of growing up on a building site Financial Times Archived from the original on 10 December 2022 Retrieved 18 June 2019 McGillick com PDF Archived from the original PDF on 27 March 2014 a b c d Future Nordic Concrete Architecture PDF Nordic Innovation Centre Archived PDF from the original on 9 October 2022 Retrieved 9 April 2017 a b c Jorn Utzon The Telegraph 29 November 2008 Retrieved 9 April 2017 a b Brick Bulletin PDF Brick Development Association 2009 Archived from the original PDF on 4 March 2016 Retrieved 9 April 2017 a b Miller William 2016 Nordic Modernism Scandinavian Architecture 1890 2017 The Crowood Press ISBN 9781785002373 Utzons Lundahus far starkt skydd Sydsvenskan 13 October 2008 Retrieved 9 April 2017 Opera House wins top status The Sydney Morning Herald 28 June 2007 Retrieved 9 April 2017 Bank Melli Archnet Retrieved 9 April 2017 Bergdoll Barry Christensen Peter 2008 Home Delivery Fabricating the Modern Dwelling Part 1 The Museum of Modern Art p 29 ISBN 9780870707339 Utzon s Island Escape Architecture AU Retrieved 9 April 2017 Utzon Architects Skagen Odde Nature Center Archived 15 February 2010 at the Wayback Machine ArcSpace com Retrieved 21 September 2011 Esbjerg Performing Arts Center Danish Architecture Center DAC Retrieved 27 February 2022 Line Christensen Regarding Utzon Center Archived 24 June 2011 at the Wayback Machine Utzoncenter dk Retrieved 18 September 2011 UTZON JORN Zodiac 5 International Magazine of Contemporary Architecture Archived 17 November 2011 at the Wayback Machine Antiqbook Retrieved 23 September 2011 Utzon Jorn Zodiac 14 Milan 1965 Retrieved 23 September 2011 https issuu com aiacollegeoffellows docs faia 20directory website of electronic publishing platform Issuu Bowker Institute 1970 website of the American Institute of Architects It s an Honour AC Archived from the original on 29 January 2019 Retrieved 30 August 2009 Jan Gehl awarded key to the City of Sydney Architecture AU 9 February 2017 Retrieved 9 April 2017 Jan Utzon on the Past and Future of the Sydney Opera House Architect Magazine 11 October 2013 Retrieved 9 April 2017 University honorary award holders Mr Joern Utzon University of Sydney 28 March 2003 Retrieved 20 October 2023 permanent dead link Sydney Opera House s designer dies The New York Times 30 November 2008 Retrieved 9 April 2017 London Paola Totaro in 30 November 2008 Joern Utzon dead The Sydney Morning Herald Jorn Utzon Biography Archived 7 September 2011 at the Wayback Machine Sydney Opera House Retrieved 23 September 2011 Centre UNESCO World Heritage Sydney Opera House UNESCO World Heritage Centre Sydney Opera House architect Joern Utzon remembered The Daily Telegraph 25 March 2009 Archived from the original on 31 December 2012 Retrieved 28 April 2009 Tildelinger af medaljer C F Hansen Medaillen Royal Danish Academy of Fine Arts Archived from the original on 2 February 2015 Retrieved 9 April 2017 Gold Medal Australian Institute of Architects Archived from the original on 17 March 2017 Retrieved 9 April 2017 1970s Royal Institute of British Architects Archived from the original on 9 April 2017 Retrieved 9 April 2017 The Daylight Award The Velux Foundations 29 June 2015 Retrieved 9 April 2017 Alvar Aalto Medal awarded to Danish firm Tegnestuen Vandkunsten Canadian Architect 1 February 2009 Archived from the original on 9 April 2017 Retrieved 9 April 2017 Nykredit Architecture Prize Nykredit website in Danish Copenhagen Denmark Nykredit Holding A S 2013 Archived from the original on 20 February 2010 Retrieved 30 November 2013 Jorn Utzon Winner of Wolf Prize in Architecture 1992 Wolf Foundation Archived from the original on 9 April 2017 Retrieved 9 April 2017 Sonning Prize recipients University of Copenhagen 25 November 2008 Retrieved 9 April 2017 7th International Architecture Exhibition La Biennale di Venezia Retrieved 21 September 2016 Jorn Utzon Pritzker Prize Architecture Week Archived from the original on 9 April 2017 Retrieved 9 April 2017 Frampton Kenneth Between Artifice and Nature in Louisiana Revy Vol 44 No 2 Jorn Utzon The Architects Universe Louisiana Museum of Art 2004 Kim Dirkinck Holmfeld Dansk Arkitektur 1960 1995 Arkitektens Forlag 1995 p 18 20 Further reading editMichael Asgaard Andersen Jorn Utzon Arkitekturens tilblivelse og virke Copenhagen Nyt Nordisk Forlag Arnold Busck 2011 ISBN 978 8 717040878 english Jorn Utzon Drawings and Buildings New York Princeton Architectural Press 2014 ISBN 978 1 61689 180 0 Francoise Fromonot Jorn Utzon The Sydney Opera House Corte Madera California Gingko Press 1998 ISBN 3 927258 72 5 Richard Weston Utzon Inspiration Vision Architecture Denmark Edition Blondal 2002 ISBN 87 88978 98 2 J J Ferrer Fores Jorn Utzon Obras y Proyectos Works and Projects Spain GG 2006 ISBN 978 84 252 2060 9 Katarina Stube and Jan Utzon Sydney Opera House A Tribute to Jorn Utzon Reveal Books 2009 ISBN 978 0 9806123 0 1External links edit nbsp Wikimedia Commons has media related to Jorn Utzon Jorn Utzon at archINFORM Interview with Jorn Utzon October 1992 Utzon Center Pritzker Architecture Prize 2003 including essays and photographs Profile at the Sydney Opera House Eoghan Lewis 2014 Utzon s Opera House Dictionary of Sydney Dictionary of Sydney Trust Retrieved 9 October 2015 CC By SA Obituary in The Economist 11 December 2008 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Jorn Utzon amp oldid 1184079577, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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