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Collier's Encyclopedia

January 13, 2023

Collier's Encyclopedia is a discontinued general encyclopedia first published in 1949 by P. F. Collier and Son in the United States.[1][2] With Encyclopedia Americana and Encyclopædia Britannica, Collier's Encyclopedia became one of the three major English-language general encyclopedias: The three were sometimes collectively called "the ABCs".[3] In 1998, Microsoft acquired the right to use Collier's Encyclopedia content from Atlas Editions, which had by then absorbed Collier Newfield. Microsoft incorporated Collier's Encyclopedia's content into its Encarta digital multimedia encyclopedia, which it marketed until 2009.[4]

The encyclopedia in a German library, 2011

Collier's Encyclopedia was an entirely new, 20 volume work, with the first volumes available in 1949 and all volumes published by 1951.[5][6] It had more than 2,000 contributors, included 10,000 black and white illustrations, 96 pages of four-color illustrations, 126 colored maps and 100 black and white line maps. There were more than 400,000 index entries. Collier's Encyclopedia was printed with paper stock of top quality. The end sheets portrayed the development of civilization, and the cover stamping was 22-carat gold, with red panels on black.[7] In 1962, Collier's Encyclopedia was expanded to 24 volumes.[2]

Collier's Encyclopedia, updated annually, was especially strong in its coverage of the arts and humanities, social sciences, geography and botany. Most articles in Collier's were signed, many by world-renowned scholars. William Terry Couch, Editor-in-Chief during the 1950s, sought to present multiple and varying perspectives on all controversial issues addressed in Collier's Encyclopedia and in its annual Year Book.[2][8] Couch's editorial staff included David Crawford, managing editor; Louis Shores, library consultant and advisory editor; Robert H. Blackburn, consultant for Canada; and Joseph T. Gleason, Jr., consultant for schools.[9]

History and Predecessors

 
Collier's encyclopedia on a book shelf

Under the leadership of P.F. Collier and Son’s President, John G. Ryan, sales of Collier’s Encyclopedia increased substantially during the 1950s, rising from 46,374 sets in 1953 to 110,688 sets in 1957.[10]

The vast majority of sales of Collier's Encyclopedia were by a door-to-door sales force, and part of a combination sale that included other P.F. Collier and Son publications such as the 50-volume Harvard Classics, The Junior Classics, dictionaries, and atlases. However, Collier’s Encyclopedia’s also enjoyed strong sales to schools and libraries.[11]

Since its 1875 founding, P.F. Collier and Son gave customers the option to pay for books over time.[12] In-home encyclopedia purchasers typically paid for the books in small monthly payments over three years. In an era of heavy smoking, in the 1950s and 1960s, the cost of Collier’s Encyclopedia was equivalent to the cost of a pack a cigarettes a day. In 1962, the new 24-volume Collier’s Encyclopedia was priced at $299.50, payable over 3 years, or at a daily cost of 27 cents.[13] The average cost of a pack of cigarettes that year was also 27 cents.[14] This was an affordable price for middle and low income families.

For many families, owning a set of Collier's Encyclopedia became a status symbol. P.F. Collier and Son had credit qualification standards for purchasers. In the 1950s, one of the qualifiers to determine if a family could afford the books was the presence of a telephone in the household. A company branch manager was required to phone the household to verify the details of each in-home sales order.[15]

Collier's Encyclopedia proved highly profitable for P.F. Collier and Son. In 1956, John G. Ryan reported a net profit of 20% of on $25 million in sales revenue.[16] supplying the revenue that kept P.F. Collier and Son’s parent company, the Crowell-Collier Publishing Company, solvent as it suffered huge losses from its failing magazine business.[17][18] P.F. Collier and Son’s profits from sales of Collier’s Encyclopedia also funded Crowell Collier’s expansion into radio stations and its 1960 purchase/merger with the Macmillan publishing company.[19][20] With his company’s profits soaring, Ryan directed Collier's Encyclopedia Editor-in-Chief William Terry Couch and P.F. Collier publications director Everett Fontaine to compile an expanded revision of Collier’s Encyclopedia by 1962.[21]

The 24-volume 1962 edition of Collier’s Encyclopedia had an imposing list of contributors, embracing authorities from universities, professional societies, government, and industry. The articles were arranged to provide first, a simple explanation and basic facts, and then followed with more detailed Information. The 1962 edition contained 6,000 new illustrations, many in color, and 1,450 maps, 150 in color. One of Collier’s Encyclopedia's strong features was its bibliography, which provided additional sources for further reading.[22]

Although work on the 1962 edition of Collier’s Encyclopedia was authorized by P.F. Collier and Son President John Ryan, and initiated by his editorial staff, the completed 1962 work was published by the parent company, Crowell Collier, which had merged with its P.F. Collier and Son subsidiary in December 1960, and assumed its former subsidiary‘s publishing and sales financing activities.[23]

In 1993, a French publisher, Atlas Editions, a subsidiary of the Italian publishing giant De Agostini, acquired Collier's Encyclopedia from Macmillan Inc., the corporate name Crowell Collier assumed subsequent to its purchase/merger with Macmillan.[24] Atlas Editions formed a sister company, Collier Newfield, to market Collier’s Encyclopedia. In 1997, Collier Newfield developed Collier’s Encyclopedia 1998, a three-disk CD-ROM multimedia version featuring 17 million words and over 18,000 photos and illustrations, 6 hours of audio, 85 minutes of audio, a dictionary, and maps.[25]

The 1997 24-volume Collier’s Encyclopedia was to be the last print edition. The 1997 print edition extended to 19,900 pages, Bibliographies were found in the last volume, which also contained a 450,000 entry essential index.[26]

In 1998, Microsoft acquired the right to use Collier's Encyclopedia content from Atlas Editions, which had by then absorbed Collier Newfield. Microsoft incorporated Collier's Encyclopedia's content into its Encarta digital multimedia encyclopedia, which it marketed until 2009.[4] Atlas Editions has retained the right to publish Collier's Encyclopedia in book form, a right that it has never exercised.[27]

Kister's comparison

A well-known analysis of major encyclopedias is that of Kenneth Kister, who gave a qualitative and quantitative comparison of Collier's Encyclopedia with the Encyclopædia Britannica and the Encyclopedia Americana. For the quantitative analysis, ten articles were selected at random (circumcision, Charles Drew, Galileo, Philip Glass, heart disease, IQ, panda bear, sexual harassment, Shroud of Turin and Uzbekistan) and letter grades (A–D, F) were awarded in four categories: coverage, accuracy, clarity, and recency. In all four categories and for all three encyclopedias, the four average grades fell between B− and B+, chiefly because not one encyclopedia had an article on sexual harassment in 1994. In the accuracy category, Collier's received one D and seven As. Encyclopedia Americana received eight As, and the Britannica received one D and eight As; thus, Collier's received an average score of 92% for accuracy to Americana's 95% and Britannica's 92%. In the timeliness category, Collier's averaged an 85% to Americana's 90% and Britannica's 86%. After a more thorough qualitative comparison of all three encyclopedias, Kister recommended Collier's as the best of the three big encyclopedias, primarily on the strength of its writing, presentation and navigation.[28]

See also

References

Citations

  1. ^ "Collier's Encyclopedia Rolling Off Presses". The Atlanta Constitution. Atlanta, Georgia. 25 September 1949. p. 48.
  2. ^ a b c "Collier's Encyclopedia". Encyclopædia Britannica. Retrieved 2022-09-12.
  3. ^ Kister, K. F. (1994). Kister's Best Encyclopedias: A Comparative Guide to General and Specialized Encyclopedias (2nd ed.). Phoenix, Arizona: Oryx Press. ISBN 0-89774-744-5.
  4. ^ a b “Microsoft to Buy Content From Collier’s,” The Los Angeles Times, Los Angeles, CA. 7 Feb 1998. Microsoft to Buy Content From Collier's - Los Angeles Times (latimes.com), Retrieved 11 Jun 2021.
  5. ^ "Ralph G. Smith, 70, Headed Book Firm". The New York Times. New York, NY. 16 July 1957.
  6. ^ "Collier Book Output Passes 200 Millions". Collier's Cyclorama. New York, NY: P.F. Collier and Son Corporation. 1 (2): 4. March 1956.
  7. ^ "Collier's Encyclopedia Rolling Off Presses". The Atlanta Constitution. Atlanta, Georgia. 25 September 1949. p. 48.
  8. ^ Shiflett, Orvin Lee (2013). William Terry Couch and the Politics of Academic Publishing: An Editor's Career as Lightning Rod for Controversy. Jefferson, North Carolina: McFarland and Company. p. 142.>
  9. ^ Collier's Encyclopedia, twenty volumes with bibliography and index. New York, New York: P.F. Collier & Son Corporation. 1959. pp. Volume 1, Page 1.
  10. ^ P.F. Collier Associates 1933-1958 Twenty Five Eventful Years in the History of P.F. Collier Corporation.. P.F. Collier and Son Corporation (New York, New York). June 1958.
  11. ^ “CE Acceptance By Libraries Is Sales Aid,” Collier’s Cyclorama, Vol 2. No 4., P.F. Collier and Son Corporation, New York NY, July 1957. Page 2.
  12. ^ “Collier Book Output Passes 200 Millions,” Collier’s Cyclorama, Vol 1. No 2., P.F. Collier and Son Corporation, New York NY, March 1956. Page 1.
  13. ^ “New Collier’s Encyclopedia Has Astronaut Glenn’s Orbital Flight.” Lexington Herald-Leader (Lexington, Kentucky) 10 Jun 1962, Page 65. Retrieved 11 Jun 2021.
  14. ^ “Price of a Pack of Cigarettes the Year You Were Born,” 247wallst.com, June 14, 2017. Last Updated: January 12, 2020 11:03 am. Price of a Pack of Cigarettes the Year You Were Born – Page 2 – 24/7 Wall St. (247wallst.com).
  15. ^ “Students Will Vie for $1,000 Scholarships,” Collier’s Cyclorama, Vol 2, No. 3, May, 1957. P.F. Collier and Son Corporation, New York, NY. Page 1.
  16. ^ “Crowell Debt 9 Million,” The Journal Herald, Dayton, Ohio , 22 Mar 1957, Page 30. Retrieved 11 Jun 2021.
  17. ^ “Publisher Eyes Dividends in ‘58” The Bridgeport Telegram, Bridgeport, Connecticut, 17 Jul 1957, Page 32. Retrieved 11 Jun 2021.
  18. ^ “"Colliers, ‘Companion” to stop publishing in Jan.". Star-Gazette (Elmira, New York) 15 Dec 1956, Sat Page 2. Retrieved 2021-05-03.
  19. ^ Crowell Collier to Absorb Macmillan Publishing Firm” The Miami Herald, Miami, Florida, 30 Jun 1960, Page 44. Retrieved 11 Jun 2021.
  20. ^ “Crowell Collier is Buying Control of Macmillan,” The New York Times, New York, NY. 30 Jun 1960, Page 27. Retrieved 11 Jun 2021.
  21. ^ Orvin Lee Shiflett William Terry Couch and the Politics of Academic Publishing: An Editor's Career as Lightning Rod for Controversy (Jefferson, North Carolina): McFarland and Company, Inc. 2013) Page 154.
  22. ^ “10 Year’s Revision in Reference Work,” The Pittsburgh Press, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. 29 Jul 1962, Page 67. Retrieved 11 Jun 2021.
  23. ^ “Plan of Merger and Liquidation of P.F. Collier and Son Corporation.” Crowell Collier Publishing Company, Board of Director meeting minutes, December 13, 1960. Cited in Federal Trade Commission Decision, February 4, 1969. Page 246. Federal Trade Commission Volume Decision 75 (January – June 1969): Pages 212-325 (ftc.gov) Retrieved 11 June 2021.
  24. ^ “The Media Business: Maxwell to Sell Collier Unit to 2 European Publishers,” The New York Times, New York, NY. 8 September 1993. Retrieved 11 Jun 2021.
  25. ^ “Collier Newfield promotes John Perrachon to President,” Company Press Release. 4 August 1997. Yahoo Finance. Retrieved 11 Jun 2021.
  26. ^ Collier’s Encyclopedia, Atlas Editions, New York, NY. March 1997. ISBN 9781571610935.
  27. ^ “Atlas Editions Assigns Electronic Rights for Collier's Encyclopedia to Microsoft,” Writers Write, Latest Book and Writing News, 12 Feb 1998. Atlas Editions Assigns Electronic Rights for Collier's Encyclopedia to Microsoft (writerswrite.com). Retrieved 11 Jun 2021.
  28. ^ Kister, KF (1994). Kister's Best Encyclopedias: A Comparative Guide to General and Specialized Encyclopedias (2nd ed.). Phoenix, Arizona: Oryx Press. ISBN 0-89774-744-5. Page 30.

Works cited

  • Chandler, William Henry, ed. (1898). Chandler's Encyclopedia: An Epitome of Universal Knowledge. New York: Collier.

External links

 
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Collier's Encyclopedia.
 
Wikisource has original text related to this article:
Collier's New Encyclopedia (1921)

January 13, 2023
collier, encyclopedia, discontinued, general, encyclopedia, first, published, 1949, collier, united, states, with, encyclopedia, americana, encyclopædia, britannica, became, three, major, english, language, general, encyclopedias, three, were, sometimes, colle. Collier s Encyclopedia is a discontinued general encyclopedia first published in 1949 by P F Collier and Son in the United States 1 2 With Encyclopedia Americana and Encyclopaedia Britannica Collier s Encyclopedia became one of the three major English language general encyclopedias The three were sometimes collectively called the ABCs 3 In 1998 Microsoft acquired the right to use Collier s Encyclopedia content from Atlas Editions which had by then absorbed Collier Newfield Microsoft incorporated Collier s Encyclopedia s content into its Encarta digital multimedia encyclopedia which it marketed until 2009 4 The encyclopedia in a German library 2011 Collier s Encyclopedia was an entirely new 20 volume work with the first volumes available in 1949 and all volumes published by 1951 5 6 It had more than 2 000 contributors included 10 000 black and white illustrations 96 pages of four color illustrations 126 colored maps and 100 black and white line maps There were more than 400 000 index entries Collier s Encyclopedia was printed with paper stock of top quality The end sheets portrayed the development of civilization and the cover stamping was 22 carat gold with red panels on black 7 In 1962 Collier s Encyclopedia was expanded to 24 volumes 2 Collier s Encyclopedia updated annually was especially strong in its coverage of the arts and humanities social sciences geography and botany Most articles in Collier s were signed many by world renowned scholars William Terry Couch Editor in Chief during the 1950s sought to present multiple and varying perspectives on all controversial issues addressed in Collier s Encyclopedia and in its annual Year Book 2 8 Couch s editorial staff included David Crawford managing editor Louis Shores library consultant and advisory editor Robert H Blackburn consultant for Canada and Joseph T Gleason Jr consultant for schools 9 Contents 1 History and Predecessors 2 Kister s comparison 3 See also 4 References 4 1 Citations 4 2 Works cited 5 External linksHistory and Predecessors Edit Collier s encyclopedia on a book shelf Under the leadership of P F Collier and Son s President John G Ryan sales of Collier s Encyclopedia increased substantially during the 1950s rising from 46 374 sets in 1953 to 110 688 sets in 1957 10 The vast majority of sales of Collier s Encyclopedia were by a door to door sales force and part of a combination sale that included other P F Collier and Son publications such as the 50 volume Harvard Classics The Junior Classics dictionaries and atlases However Collier s Encyclopedia s also enjoyed strong sales to schools and libraries 11 Since its 1875 founding P F Collier and Son gave customers the option to pay for books over time 12 In home encyclopedia purchasers typically paid for the books in small monthly payments over three years In an era of heavy smoking in the 1950s and 1960s the cost of Collier s Encyclopedia was equivalent to the cost of a pack a cigarettes a day In 1962 the new 24 volume Collier s Encyclopedia was priced at 299 50 payable over 3 years or at a daily cost of 27 cents 13 The average cost of a pack of cigarettes that year was also 27 cents 14 This was an affordable price for middle and low income families For many families owning a set of Collier s Encyclopedia became a status symbol P F Collier and Son had credit qualification standards for purchasers In the 1950s one of the qualifiers to determine if a family could afford the books was the presence of a telephone in the household A company branch manager was required to phone the household to verify the details of each in home sales order 15 Collier s Encyclopedia proved highly profitable for P F Collier and Son In 1956 John G Ryan reported a net profit of 20 of on 25 million in sales revenue 16 supplying the revenue that kept P F Collier and Son s parent company the Crowell Collier Publishing Company solvent as it suffered huge losses from its failing magazine business 17 18 P F Collier and Son s profits from sales of Collier s Encyclopedia also funded Crowell Collier s expansion into radio stations and its 1960 purchase merger with the Macmillan publishing company 19 20 With his company s profits soaring Ryan directed Collier s Encyclopedia Editor in Chief William Terry Couch and P F Collier publications director Everett Fontaine to compile an expanded revision of Collier s Encyclopedia by 1962 21 The 24 volume 1962 edition of Collier s Encyclopedia had an imposing list of contributors embracing authorities from universities professional societies government and industry The articles were arranged to provide first a simple explanation and basic facts and then followed with more detailed Information The 1962 edition contained 6 000 new illustrations many in color and 1 450 maps 150 in color One of Collier s Encyclopedia s strong features was its bibliography which provided additional sources for further reading 22 Although work on the 1962 edition of Collier s Encyclopedia was authorized by P F Collier and Son President John Ryan and initiated by his editorial staff the completed 1962 work was published by the parent company Crowell Collier which had merged with its P F Collier and Son subsidiary in December 1960 and assumed its former subsidiary s publishing and sales financing activities 23 In 1993 a French publisher Atlas Editions a subsidiary of the Italian publishing giant De Agostini acquired Collier s Encyclopedia from Macmillan Inc the corporate name Crowell Collier assumed subsequent to its purchase merger with Macmillan 24 Atlas Editions formed a sister company Collier Newfield to market Collier s Encyclopedia In 1997 Collier Newfield developed Collier s Encyclopedia 1998 a three disk CD ROM multimedia version featuring 17 million words and over 18 000 photos and illustrations 6 hours of audio 85 minutes of audio a dictionary and maps 25 The 1997 24 volume Collier s Encyclopedia was to be the last print edition The 1997 print edition extended to 19 900 pages Bibliographies were found in the last volume which also contained a 450 000 entry essential index 26 In 1998 Microsoft acquired the right to use Collier s Encyclopedia content from Atlas Editions which had by then absorbed Collier Newfield Microsoft incorporated Collier s Encyclopedia s content into its Encarta digital multimedia encyclopedia which it marketed until 2009 4 Atlas Editions has retained the right to publish Collier s Encyclopedia in book form a right that it has never exercised 27 Kister s comparison EditA well known analysis of major encyclopedias is that of Kenneth Kister who gave a qualitative and quantitative comparison of Collier s Encyclopedia with the Encyclopaedia Britannica and the Encyclopedia Americana For the quantitative analysis ten articles were selected at random circumcision Charles Drew Galileo Philip Glass heart disease IQ panda bear sexual harassment Shroud of Turin and Uzbekistan and letter grades A D F were awarded in four categories coverage accuracy clarity and recency In all four categories and for all three encyclopedias the four average grades fell between B and B chiefly because not one encyclopedia had an article on sexual harassment in 1994 In the accuracy category Collier s received one D and seven As Encyclopedia Americana received eight As and the Britannica received one D and eight As thus Collier s received an average score of 92 for accuracy to Americana s 95 and Britannica s 92 In the timeliness category Collier s averaged an 85 to Americana s 90 and Britannica s 86 After a more thorough qualitative comparison of all three encyclopedias Kister recommended Collier s as the best of the three big encyclopedias primarily on the strength of its writing presentation and navigation 28 See also EditWilliam Terry CouchReferences EditCitations Edit Collier s Encyclopedia Rolling Off Presses The Atlanta Constitution Atlanta Georgia 25 September 1949 p 48 a b c Collier s Encyclopedia Encyclopaedia Britannica Retrieved 2022 09 12 Kister K F 1994 Kister s Best Encyclopedias A Comparative Guide to General and Specialized Encyclopedias 2nd ed Phoenix Arizona Oryx Press ISBN 0 89774 744 5 a b Microsoft to Buy Content From Collier s The Los Angeles Times Los Angeles CA 7 Feb 1998 Microsoft to Buy Content From Collier s Los Angeles Times latimes com Retrieved 11 Jun 2021 Ralph G Smith 70 Headed Book Firm The New York Times New York NY 16 July 1957 Collier Book Output Passes 200 Millions Collier s Cyclorama New York NY P F Collier and Son Corporation 1 2 4 March 1956 Collier s Encyclopedia Rolling Off Presses The Atlanta Constitution Atlanta Georgia 25 September 1949 p 48 Shiflett Orvin Lee 2013 William Terry Couch and the Politics of Academic Publishing An Editor s Career as Lightning Rod for Controversy Jefferson North Carolina McFarland and Company p 142 gt Collier s Encyclopedia twenty volumes with bibliography and index New York New York P F Collier amp Son Corporation 1959 pp Volume 1 Page 1 P F Collier Associates 1933 1958 Twenty Five Eventful Years in the History of P F Collier Corporation P F Collier and Son Corporation New York New York June 1958 CE Acceptance By Libraries Is Sales Aid Collier s Cyclorama Vol 2 No 4 P F Collier and Son Corporation New York NY July 1957 Page 2 Collier Book Output Passes 200 Millions Collier s Cyclorama Vol 1 No 2 P F Collier and Son Corporation New York NY March 1956 Page 1 New Collier s Encyclopedia Has Astronaut Glenn s Orbital Flight Lexington Herald Leader Lexington Kentucky 10 Jun 1962 Page 65 Retrieved 11 Jun 2021 Price of a Pack of Cigarettes the Year You Were Born 247wallst com June 14 2017 Last Updated January 12 2020 11 03 am Price of a Pack of Cigarettes the Year You Were Born Page 2 24 7 Wall St 247wallst com Students Will Vie for 1 000 Scholarships Collier s Cyclorama Vol 2 No 3 May 1957 P F Collier and Son Corporation New York NY Page 1 Crowell Debt 9 Million The Journal Herald Dayton Ohio 22 Mar 1957 Page 30 Retrieved 11 Jun 2021 Publisher Eyes Dividends in 58 The Bridgeport Telegram Bridgeport Connecticut 17 Jul 1957 Page 32 Retrieved 11 Jun 2021 Colliers Companion to stop publishing in Jan Star Gazette Elmira New York 15 Dec 1956 Sat Page 2 Retrieved 2021 05 03 Crowell Collier to Absorb Macmillan Publishing Firm The Miami Herald Miami Florida 30 Jun 1960 Page 44 Retrieved 11 Jun 2021 Crowell Collier is Buying Control of Macmillan The New York Times New York NY 30 Jun 1960 Page 27 Retrieved 11 Jun 2021 Orvin Lee Shiflett William Terry Couch and the Politics of Academic Publishing An Editor s Career as Lightning Rod for Controversy Jefferson North Carolina McFarland and Company Inc 2013 Page 154 10 Year s Revision in Reference Work The Pittsburgh Press Pittsburgh Pennsylvania 29 Jul 1962 Page 67 Retrieved 11 Jun 2021 Plan of Merger and Liquidation of P F Collier and Son Corporation Crowell Collier Publishing Company Board of Director meeting minutes December 13 1960 Cited in Federal Trade Commission Decision February 4 1969 Page 246 Federal Trade Commission Volume Decision 75 January June 1969 Pages 212 325 ftc gov Retrieved 11 June 2021 The Media Business Maxwell to Sell Collier Unit to 2 European Publishers The New York Times New York NY 8 September 1993 Retrieved 11 Jun 2021 Collier Newfield promotes John Perrachon to President Company Press Release 4 August 1997 Yahoo Finance Retrieved 11 Jun 2021 Collier s Encyclopedia Atlas Editions New York NY March 1997 ISBN 9781571610935 Atlas Editions Assigns Electronic Rights for Collier s Encyclopedia to Microsoft Writers Write Latest Book and Writing News 12 Feb 1998 Atlas Editions Assigns Electronic Rights for Collier s Encyclopedia to Microsoft writerswrite com Retrieved 11 Jun 2021 Kister KF 1994 Kister s Best Encyclopedias A Comparative Guide to General and Specialized Encyclopedias 2nd ed Phoenix Arizona Oryx Press ISBN 0 89774 744 5 Page 30 Works cited Edit Chandler William Henry ed 1898 Chandler s Encyclopedia An Epitome of Universal Knowledge New York Collier External links Edit Wikimedia Commons has media related to Collier s Encyclopedia Wikisource has original text related to this article Collier s New Encyclopedia 1921 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Collier 27s Encyclopedia amp oldid 1109848889, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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