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Wikipedia

Google Maps

December 26, 2022

Google Maps is a web mapping platform and consumer application offered by Google. It offers satellite imagery, aerial photography, street maps, 360° interactive panoramic views of streets (Street View), real-time traffic conditions, and route planning for traveling by foot, car, bike, air (in beta) and public transportation. As of 2020, Google Maps was being used by over 1 billion people every month around the world.[1]

Google Maps
Screenshot
Screenshot of Google Maps on Globe View in a web browser
Type of site
Web mapping
Available inMultilingual
OwnerGoogle
URLmaps.google.com
CommercialYes
RegistrationOptional, included with a Google Account
LaunchedFebruary 8, 2005; 17 years ago (2005-02-08)
Current statusActive
Written inC++ (back-end), JavaScript, XML, Ajax (UI)

Google Maps began as a C++ desktop program developed by brothers Lars and Jens Rasmussen at Where 2 Technologies. In October 2004, the company was acquired by Google, which converted it into a web application. After additional acquisitions of a geospatial data visualization company and a real-time traffic analyzer, Google Maps was launched in February 2005.[2] The service's front end utilizes JavaScript, XML, and Ajax. Google Maps offers an API that allows maps to be embedded on third-party websites,[3] and offers a locator for businesses and other organizations in numerous countries around the world. Google Map Maker allowed users to collaboratively expand and update the service's mapping worldwide but was discontinued from March 2017. However, crowdsourced contributions to Google Maps were not discontinued as the company announced those features would be transferred to the Google Local Guides program.[4]

Google Maps' satellite view is a "top-down" or bird's-eye view; most of the high-resolution imagery of cities is aerial photography taken from aircraft flying at 800 to 1,500 feet (240 to 460 m), while most other imagery is from satellites.[5] Much of the available satellite imagery is no more than three years old and is updated on a regular basis, according to a 2011 report.[6] Google Maps previously used a variant of the Mercator projection, and therefore could not accurately show areas around the poles.[7] In August 2018, the desktop version of Google Maps was updated to show a 3D globe. It is still possible to switch back to the 2D map in the settings.

Google Maps for Android and iOS devices was released in September 2008 and features GPS turn-by-turn navigation along with dedicated parking assistance features.

In August 2013, it was found to be the world's most popular smartphone app, with over 54% of global smartphone owners using it.[8]

In May 2017, the app was reported to have 2 billion users on Android, along with several other Google services including YouTube, Chrome, Gmail, Search, and Google Play.

History

Acquisitions

Google Maps first started as a C++ program designed by two Danish brothers, Lars and Jens Eilstrup Rasmussen, and Noel Gordon and Stephen Ma, at Sydney-based Where 2 Technologies. It was first designed to be separately downloaded by users, but the company later pitched the idea for a purely Web-based product to Google management, changing the method of distribution.[9] In October 2004, the company was acquired by Google Inc.[10] where it transformed into the web application Google Maps.

In the same month, Google acquired Keyhole, a geospatial data visualization company (with investment from the CIA), whose marquee application suite, Earth Viewer, emerged as the highly successful Google Earth application in 2005 while other aspects of its core technology were integrated into Google Maps.[11] In September 2004, Google acquired ZipDash, a company that provided realtime traffic analysis.[12]

2005–2010

 
Google Maps Beta in 2005

The launch of Google Maps was first announced on the Google Blog on February 8, 2005.[13]

In September 2005, in the aftermath of Hurricane Katrina, Google Maps quickly updated its satellite imagery of New Orleans to allow users to view the extent of the flooding in various parts of that city.[14][15]

As of 2007, Google Maps is equipped with a miniature view with a draggable rectangle that denotes the area shown in the main viewport, and "Info windows" for previewing details about locations on maps.[16]

 
Original Google Maps icon

On November 28, 2007, Google Maps for Mobile 2.0 was released.[17][18][19] It featured a beta version of a "My Location" feature, which uses the GPS / Assisted GPS location of the mobile device, if available, supplemented by determining the nearest wireless networks and cell sites.[18][19] The software looks up the location of the cell site using a database of known wireless networks and sites.[20][21] By triangulating the different signal strengths from cell transmitters and then using their location property (retrieved from the database), My Location determines the user's current location.[22]

On September 23, 2008, coinciding with the announcement of the first commercial Android device, Google announced that a Google Maps app had been released for its Android operating system.[23][24]

In October 2009, Google replaced Tele Atlas as their primary supplier of geospatial data in the US version of Maps and used their own data.[25]

2011–2015

On April 19, 2011, Map Maker was added to the American version of Google Maps, allowing any viewer to edit and add changes to Google Maps. This provides Google with local map updates almost in real-time instead of waiting for digital map data companies to release more infrequent updates.

 
Icon used until 2020

On January 31, 2012, Google, due to offering its Maps for free, was found guilty of abusing the dominant position of its Google Maps application and ordered by a court to pay a fine and damages to Bottin Cartographer, a French mapping company.[26] This ruling was overturned on appeal.[27]

In June 2012, Google started mapping the UK's rivers and canals in partnership with the Canal and River Trust. The company has stated that “it would update the program during the year to allow users to plan trips which include locks, bridges and towpaths along the 2,000 miles of river paths in the UK.”[28]

 
A monument in the shape of a Google Maps pin in the center of the city of Szczecin, Poland

In December 2012, the Google Maps application was separately made available in the App Store, after Apple removed it from its default installation of the mobile operating system version iOS 6 in September 2012.[29]

On January 29, 2013, Google Maps was updated to include a map of North Korea.[30] As of May 3, 2013, Google Maps recognizes Palestine as a country, instead of redirecting to the Palestinian territories.[31]

In August 2013, Google Maps removed the Wikipedia Layer, which provided links to Wikipedia content about locations shown in Google Maps using Wikipedia geocodes.[32]

On April 12, 2014, Google Maps was updated to reflect the annexation of Ukrainian Crimea by Russia. Crimea is shown as the Republic of Crimea in Russia and as the Autonomous Republic of Crimea in Ukraine. All other versions show a dotted disputed border.[33]

In April 2015, on a map near the Pakistani city of Rawalpindi, the imagery of the Android logo urinating on the Apple logo was added via Map Maker and appeared on Google Maps. The vandalism was soon removed and Google publicly apologized.[34] However, as a result, Google disabled user moderation on Map Maker, and on May 12, disabled editing worldwide until it could devise a new policy for approving edits and avoiding vandalism.[35]

On April 29, 2015, users of the classic Google Maps were forwarded to the new Google Maps with the option to be removed from the interface.[36]

On July 14, 2015, the Chinese name for Scarborough Shoal was removed after a petition from the Philippines was posted on Change.org.[37]

2016–2018

On June 27, 2016, Google rolled out new satellite imagery worldwide sourced from Landsat 8, comprising over 700 trillion pixels of new data.[38] In September 2016, Google Maps acquired mapping analytics startup Urban Engines.[39]

In 2016, the Government of South Korea offered Google conditional access to the country's geographic database – access that already allows indigenous Korean mapping providers high-detail maps. Google declined the offer, as it was unwilling to accept restrictions on reducing the quality around locations the South Korean Government felt were sensitive.[40]

On October 16, 2017, Google Maps was updated with accessible imagery of several planets and moons such as Titan, Mercury, and Venus, as well as direct access to imagery of the Moon and Mars.[41][42]

In May 2018, Google announced major changes to the API structure starting June 11, 2018. This change consolidated the 18 different endpoints into three services and merged the basic and premium plans into one pay-as-you-go plan.[43] This meant a 1400% price raise for users on the basic plan, with only six weeks of notice. This caused a harsh reaction within the developers community.[44] In June, Google postponed the change date to July 16, 2018.

In August 2018, Google Maps designed its overall view (when zoomed out completely) into a 3D globe dropping the Mercator projection that projected the planet onto a flat surface.[45]

2019–present

 
2020 icon redesign

In January 2019, Google Maps added speed trap and speed camera alerts as reported by other users.[46][47]

On October 17, 2019, Google Maps was updated to include incident reporting, resembling a functionality in Waze which was acquired by Google in 2013.[48]

In December 2019, Incognito mode was added, allowing users to enter destinations without saving entries to their Google accounts.[49]

In February 2020, Maps received a 15th anniversary redesign.[50] It notably added a brand-new app icon, which now resembles the original icon in 2005.

On September 23, 2020, Google announced a COVID-19 Layer update for Google maps, which is designed to offer a seven-day average data of the total COVID-19-positive cases per 100,000 people in the area selected on the map. It also features a label indicating the rise and fall in the number of cases.[51]

In January 2021, Google announced that it would be launching a new feature displaying COVID-19 vaccination sites.[52]

In January 2021 Google announced updates to the route planner that would accommodate drivers of electric vehicles. Routing would take into account the type of vehicle, vehicle status including current charge, and the locations of charging stations.[53]

In June 2022, Google Maps added a layer displaying air quality for certain countries.[54]

Functionality

Directions and transit

Google Maps provides a route planner,[55] allowing users to find available directions through driving, public transportation, walking, or biking.[56] Google has partnered globally with over 800 public transportation providers to adopt GTFS (General Transit Feed Specification), making the data available to third parties.[57][58] The app can indicate users' transit route, thanks to an October 2019 update. The incognito mode, eyes-free walking navigation features were released earlier.[59] A July 2020 update provided bike share routes.[60]

Traffic conditions

 
Screenshot of Google Maps with traffic option enabled

In 2007, Google began offering traffic data as a colored overlay on top of roads and motorways to represent the speed of vehicles on particular roads. Crowdsourcing is used to obtain the GPS-determined locations of a large number of cellphone users, from which live traffic maps are produced.[61][62][63]

Google has stated that the speed and location information it collects to calculate traffic conditions is anonymous.[64] Options available in each phone's settings allow users not to share information about their location with Google Maps.[65] Google stated, "Once you disable or opt out of My Location, Maps will not continue to send radio information back to Google servers to determine your handset's approximate location".[66][failed verification]

Street View

Main article: Google Street View
 
Google Maps car at Googleplex, Mountain View

On May 25, 2007, Google released Google Street View, a feature of Google Maps providing 360° panoramic street-level views of various locations. On the date of release, the feature only included five cities in the U.S. It has since expanded to thousands of locations around the world. In July 2009, Google began mapping college campuses and surrounding paths and trails.

Street View garnered much controversy after its release because of privacy concerns about the uncensored nature of the panoramic photographs, although the views are only taken on public streets.[67][68] Since then, Google has blurred faces and license plates through automated facial recognition.[69][70][71]

 
Google Maps Street View Trekker backpack being implemented on the sidewalk of the Hudson River Greenway in New York City

In late 2014, Google launched Google Underwater Street View, including 2,300 kilometres (1,400 mi) of the Australian Great Barrier Reef in 3D. The images are taken by special cameras which turn 360 degrees and take shots every 3 seconds.[72]

In 2017, in both Google Maps and Google Earth, Street View navigation of the International Space Station interior spaces became available.

Immersive View

It was announced at the Google I/O 2022 event that 3D images would be created using Street View. It was to be initially in five cities worldwide, with plans to add it to other cities later on.[73]

Immersive View was to be available initially in the following locations:

Locations with Immersive View
Country Locations
  Japan Tokyo
  United Kingdom London
  United States Los Angeles, New York City, San Francisco

45° imagery

 
An example of the Leaning Tower of Pisa in the 45° view

In December 2009, Google introduced a new view consisting of 45° angle aerial imagery, offering a "bird's-eye view" of cities. The first cities available were San Jose and San Diego. This feature was initially available only to developers via the Google Maps API.[74] In February 2010, it was introduced as an experimental feature in Google Maps Labs.[75] In July 2010, 45° imagery was made available in Google Maps in select cities in South Africa, the United States, Germany and Italy.[76]

Business listings

Google collates business listings from multiple on-line and off-line sources. To reduce duplication in the index, Google's algorithm combines listings automatically based on address, phone number, or geocode,[77] but sometimes information for separate businesses will be inadvertently merged with each other, resulting in listings inaccurately incorporating elements from multiple businesses.[78] Google allows business owners to create and verify their own business data through Google Business Profile, formerly Google My Business.[79] Owners are encouraged to provide Google with Business information including; address, phone number, business category and photos.[80] Google has staff in India who check and correct listings remotely as well as support businesses with issues.[81] Google also has teams on the ground in most countries, that validate physical addresses in person.[82] After the business listing has been verified, business owners can further optimize their profile by logging into their Google account and GMB dashboard. In mid-August 2020 Google made it more convenient for business owners to edit their business profile directly from search,[83] simply by typing the word My business or their company name. Google Business Profile, formerly Google My Business allows businesses to create a website for free.[84]

Google Maps can be manipulated by businesses which are not physically located in the area in which they record a listing. There are cases of people abusing Google Maps to overtake their competition by placing unverified listings on online directory sites knowing the information will roll across to Google (duplicate sites). The people who update these listings do not use a registered business name. Keywords and location details are placed on their Google Maps business title which can overtake credible business listings. In Australia in particular, genuine companies and businesses are noticing a trend of fake business listings in a variety of industries.[85]

Genuine business owners can also optimise their business listings to gain greater visibility in Google Maps, through a type of search engine marketing called local search engine optimisation.[86][87]

Indoor maps

In March 2011, indoor maps were added to Google Maps, giving users the ability to navigate themselves within buildings such as airports, museums, shopping malls, big-box stores, universities, transit stations, and other public spaces (including underground facilities). Google encourages owners of public facilities to submit floor plans of their buildings in order to add them to the service.[88] Map users can view different floors of a building or subway station by clicking on a level selector that is displayed near any structures which are mapped on multiple levels.

My Maps

 
Google My Maps

My Maps is a feature in Google Maps launched in April 2007 that enables users to create custom maps for personal use or sharing. Users can add points, lines, shapes, notes and images on top of Google Maps using a WYSIWYG editor.[89] An Android app for My Maps, initially released in March 2013 under the name Google Maps Engine Lite, was available until its removal from the Play Store in October 2021.[90][91][92]

Google Local Guides

Google Local Guides is a volunteer program launched by Google Maps to enable its users to contribute to Google Maps when registered. Sometimes, it provides them additional perks and benefits for the work. Users can achieve Level 1 to 10, and be awarded with badges. The program is partially a successor to Google Map Maker as features from the former program became integrated into the website and app.[93]

The program consists of adding reviews, photos, basic information, and videos; and correcting information such as wheelchair accessibility.[94][95]

Timelapse

Earth Timelapse, released in April 2021, is a program in which users can see how the earth has been changed in the last 37 years. They combined the 15 million satellite images (roughly ten quadrillion pixels) to create the 35 global cloud-free Images for this program.[96]

Implementation

 
A split-view screenshot of Google Maps. In the bottom half Street Maps is shown, while in the top half Street View is shown. A user can zoom in and out of either of them independently of the zoom level of each.

As the user drags the map, the grid squares are downloaded from the server and inserted into the page. When a user searches for a business, the results are downloaded in the background for insertion into the side panel and map; the page is not reloaded. A hidden iframe with form submission is used because it preserves browser history. Like many other Google web applications, Google Maps uses JavaScript extensively.[97] The site also uses JSON for data transfer rather than XML, for performance reasons.

The version of Google Street View for classic Google Maps required Adobe Flash.[98] In October 2011, Google announced MapsGL, a WebGL version of Maps with better renderings and smoother transitions.[99] Indoor maps use JPG, .PNG, .PDF, .BMP, or .GIF, for floor plans.[100]

Users who are logged into a Google Account can save locations so that they are overlaid on the map with various colored "pins" whenever they browse the application. These "Saved places" can be organised into default groups or user named groups and shared with other users. "Starred places" is one default group example. It previously automatically created a record within the now-discontinued product Google Bookmarks.

Map data and imagery

See also: List of satellite map images with missing or unclear data

The Google Maps terms and conditions[101] state that usage of material from Google Maps is regulated by Google Terms of Service[102] and some additional restrictions. Google has either purchased local map data from established companies, or has entered into lease agreements to use copyrighted map data.[103] The owner of the copyright is listed at the bottom of zoomed maps. For example, street maps in Japan are leased from Zenrin. Street maps in China are leased from AutoNavi.[104] Russian street maps are leased from Geocentre Consulting and Tele Atlas. Data for North Korea is sourced from the companion project Google Map Maker.

Street map overlays, in some areas, may not match up precisely with the corresponding satellite images. The street data may be entirely erroneous, or simply out of date: "The biggest challenge is the currency of data, the authenticity of data," said Google Earth representative Brian McClendon. As a result, in March 2008 Google added a feature to edit the locations of houses and businesses.[105][106]

Restrictions have been placed on Google Maps through the apparent censoring of locations deemed potential security threats. In some cases the area of redaction is for specific buildings, but in other cases, such as Washington, D.C.,[107] the restriction is to use outdated imagery.

Google Maps API

Google Maps API, now called Google Maps Platform, hosts about 17 different APIs, which are themed under the following categories: Maps, Places and Routes.[108]

After the success of reverse-engineered mashups such as chicagocrime.org and housingmaps.com, Google launched the Google Maps API in June 2005[109] to allow developers to integrate Google Maps into their websites. It was a free service that didn't require an API key until June 2018 (changes went into effect on July 16), when it was announced that an API key linked to a Google Cloud account with billing enabled would be required to access the API.[110] The API currently does not contain ads, but Google states in their terms of use that they reserve the right to display ads in the future.[111]

By using the Google Maps API, it is possible to embed Google Maps into an external website, onto which site-specific data can be overlaid.[112] Although initially only a JavaScript API, the Maps API was expanded to include an API for Adobe Flash applications (but this has been deprecated), a service for retrieving static map images, and web services for performing geocoding, generating driving directions, and obtaining elevation profiles. Over 1,000,000[113] web sites use the Google Maps API, making it the most heavily used web application development API.[114] In September 2011, Google announced it would deprecate the Google Maps API for Flash.[115]

The Google Maps API was free for commercial use, provided that the site on which it is being used is publicly accessible and did not charge for access, and was not generating more than 25,000 map accesses a day.[116][117] Sites that did not meet these requirements could purchase the Google Maps API for Business.[118]

As of June 21, 2018, Google increased the prices of the Maps API and requires a billing profile.[119]

Google Maps in China

Due to restrictions on geographic data in China, Google Maps must partner with a Chinese digital map provider in order to legally show Chinese map data. Since 2006, this partner has been AutoNavi.[104]

Within China, the State Council mandates that all maps of China use the GCJ-02 coordinate system, which is offset from the WGS-84 system used in most of the world. google.cn/maps (formerly Google Ditu) uses the GCJ-02 system for both its street maps[120] and satellite imagery.[121] google.com/maps also uses GCJ-02 data for the street map, but uses WGS-84 coordinates for satellite imagery,[122] causing the so-called China GPS shift problem.

Frontier alignments also present some differences between google.cn/maps and google.com/maps. On the latter, sections of the Chinese border with India and Pakistan are shown with dotted lines, indicating areas or frontiers in dispute. However, google.cn shows the Chinese frontier strictly according to Chinese claims with no dotted lines indicating the border with India and Pakistan. For example, the South Tibet region claimed by China but administered by India as a large part of Arunachal Pradesh is shown inside the Chinese frontier by google.cn, with Indian highways ending abruptly at the Chinese claim line. Google.cn also shows Taiwan and the South China Sea Islands as part of China. Google Ditu's street map coverage of Taiwan no longer omits major state organs, such as the Presidential Palace, the five Yuans, and the Supreme Court.[123][additional citation(s) needed]

Feature-wise, google.cn/maps does not feature My Maps. On the other hand, while google.cn displays virtually all text in Chinese, google.com/maps displays most text (user-selectable real text as well as those on map) in English.[citation needed] This behavior of displaying English text is not consistent but intermittent – sometimes it is in English, sometimes it is in Chinese. The criteria for choosing which language is displayed are not known publicly.[citation needed]

Discontinued features

Google Latitude

Main article: Google Latitude

Google Latitude was a feature that let users share their physical locations with other people. This service was based on Google Maps, specifically on mobile devices. There was an iGoogle widget for desktops and laptops as well.[124] Some concerns were expressed about the privacy issues raised by the use of the service. On August 9, 2013, this service was discontinued,[125] and on March 22, 2017, Google incorporated the features from Latitude into the Google Maps app.[126]

Google Map Maker

Main article: Google Map Maker

In areas where Google Map Maker was available, for example, much of Asia, Africa, Latin America and Europe as well as the United States and Canada, anyone who logged into their Google account could directly improve the map by fixing incorrect driving directions, adding biking trails, or adding a missing building or road. General map errors in Australia, Austria, Belgium, Denmark, France, Liechtenstein, Netherlands, New Zealand, Norway, South Africa, Switzerland, and the United States could be reported using the Report a Problem link in Google Maps and would be updated by Google.[127] For areas where Google used Tele Atlas data, map errors could be reported using Tele Atlas map insight.[128]

If imagery was missing, outdated, misaligned, or generally incorrect, one could notify Google through their contact request form.[129]

In November 2016, Google announced the discontinuation of Google Map Maker as of March 2017.[130]

Mobile app

Google Maps
 
 
Screenshot of Google Maps on Android 11
Original author(s)Google
Initial releaseSeptember 23, 2008; 14 years ago (2008-09-23)
Stable release(s) [±]
Android11.28.1 / April 28, 2022; 7 months ago (2022-04-28)[131]
Wear OS11.5.7.W / December 1, 2021; 12 months ago (2021-12-01)[132]
iOS6.15 / April 25, 2022; 8 months ago (2022-04-25)[133]
Preview release(s) [±]
Android (Beta)11.27.2 / April 21, 2022; 8 months ago (2022-04-21)[134]
Operating system

Google Maps is available as a mobile app for the Android and iOS mobile operating systems. The Android app was first released in September 2008,[135][136] though the GPS-localization feature had been in testing on cellphones since 2007.[137][138][139] Up until iOS 6, the built-in maps application on the iOS operating system was powered by Google Maps. However, with the announcement of iOS 6 in June 2012, Apple announced that they had created their own Apple Maps mapping service,[140] which officially replaced Google Maps when iOS 6 was released on September 19, 2012.[141] However, at launch, Apple Maps received significant criticism from users due to inaccuracies, errors and bugs.[142][143] One day later, The Guardian reported that Google was preparing its own Google Maps app,[144] which was released on December 12, 2012.[145][146] Within only two days, the application had been downloaded over ten million times.[147]

Features

The Google Maps apps for iOS and Android have many of the same features, including turn-by-turn navigation, street view, and public transit information.[148][149] Turn-by-turn navigation was originally announced by Google as a separate beta testing app exclusive to Android 2.0 devices in October 2009.[150][151] The original standalone iOS version did not support the iPad,[149] but tablet support was added with version 2.0 in July 2013.[152] An update in June 2012 for Android devices added support for offline access to downloaded maps of certain regions,[153][154] a feature that was eventually released for iOS devices, and made more robust on Android, in May 2014.[155][156]

At the end of 2015 Google Maps announced its new offline functionality,[157] but with various limitations – downloaded area cannot exceed 120,000 square kilometers[158][159] and require a considerable amount of storage space.[160] In January 2017, Google added a feature exclusively to Android that will, in some U.S. cities, indicate the level of difficulty in finding available parking spots,[161] and on both Android and iOS, the app can, as of an April 2017 update, remember where users parked.[162][163] In August 2017, Google Maps for Android was updated with new functionality to actively help the user in finding parking lots and garages close to a destination.[164] In December 2017, Google added a new two-wheeler mode to its Android app, designed for users in India, allowing for more accessibility in traffic conditions.[165][166] In 2019 the Android version introduced the new feature called live view that allows to view directions directly on the road thanks to augmented reality [167] Google Maps won the 2020 Webby Award for Best User Interface in the category Apps, Mobile & Voice.[168] In March 2021, Google added a feature in which users can draw missing roads.[169] In June 2022, Google implemented support for toll calculation. Both iOS and Android apps report how much the user has to pay in tolls when a route that includes toll roads is input. The feature is available for roads in the USA, India, Japan and Indonesia with further expansion planned. As per reports the total number of toll roads covered in this phase is around 2000.[170]

Reception

USA Today welcomed the application back to iOS, saying: "The reemergence in the middle of the night of a Google Maps app for the iPhone is like the return of an old friend. Only your friend, who'd gone missing for three months, comes back looking better than ever."[171] Jason Parker of CNET, calling it "the king of maps", said, "With its iOS Maps app, Google sets the standard for what mobile navigation should be and more."[172] Bree Fowler of the Associated Press compared Google's and Apple's map applications, saying: "The one clear advantage that Apple has is style. Like Apple devices, the maps are clean and clear and have a fun, pretty element to them, especially in 3-D. But when it comes down to depth and information, Google still reigns superior and will no doubt be welcomed back by its fans."[173] Gizmodo gave it a ranking of 4.5 stars, stating: "Maps Done Right".[174] According to The New York Times, Google "admits that it's [iOS app is] even better than Google Maps for Android phones, which has accommodated its evolving feature set mainly by piling on menus".[175]

Google Maps' location tracking is regarded by some as a threat to users' privacy, with Dylan Tweney of VentureBeat writing in August 2014 that "Google is probably logging your location, step by step, via Google Maps", and linked users to Google's location history map, which "lets you see the path you've traced for any given day that your smartphone has been running Google Maps". Tweney then provided instructions on how to disable location history.[176] The history tracking was also noticed, and recommended disabled, by editors at CNET[177] and TechCrunch.[178] Additionally, Quartz reported in April 2014 that a "sneaky new privacy change" would have an effect on the majority of iOS users. The privacy change, an update to the Gmail iOS app that "now supports sign-in across Google iOS apps, including Maps, Drive, YouTube and Chrome", meant that Google would be able to identify users' actions across its different apps.[179]

The Android version of the app surpassed 5 billion installations in March 2019.[180] By November 2021, the Android app had surpassed 10 billion installations.[181]

Go version

Google Maps Go, a version of the app designed for lower-end devices, was released in beta in January 2018.[182] By September 2018, the app had over 10 million installations.[183]

Artistic and literary uses

The German "geo-novel" Senghor on the Rocks (2008) told the story as a series of spreads showing a Google map location on the left and text telling the story on the right. Annika Richterich explains that the "satellite pictures in Senghor on the Rocks illustrate the main character’s travel through the West-African state of Senegal".[184]

Artists have used Google StreetView in a range of ways. Emilio Vavarella's The Google Trilogy includes glitchy images and unintended portraits of the drivers of the Street View cars.[185] The Japanese band group inou used Google StreetView backgrounds to make a music video for their song EYE.[186] The US band Arcade Fire made a customised music video that used StreetView to show the viewer their own childhood home.[187][188]

Potential misuse

See also: Google Street View privacy concerns and List of satellite map images with missing or unclear data

In 2005 the Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation (ANSTO) complained about the potential for terrorists to use the satellite images in planning attacks, with specific reference to the Lucas Heights nuclear reactor; however, the Australian Federal government did not support the organization's concern. At the time of the ANSTO complaint, Google had colored over some areas for security (mostly in the U.S.), such as the rooftop of the White House and several other Washington, D.C. buildings.[189][190][191]

In October 2010, Nicaraguan military commander Edén Pastora stationed Nicaraguan troops on the Isla Calero (in the delta of the San Juan River), justifying his action on the border delineation given by Google Maps. Google has since updated its data which it found to be incorrect.[192]

On January 27, 2014, documents leaked by Edward Snowden revealed that the NSA and the GCHQ intercepted Google Maps queries made on smartphones, and used them to locate the users making these queries. One leaked document, dating to 2008, stated that "[i]t effectively means that anyone using Google Maps on a smartphone is working in support of a GCHQ system."[193]

In May 2015, searches on Google Maps for offensive racial epithets for African Americans such as "nigger", "nigger king", and "nigger house" pointed the user to the White House; Google apologized for the incident.[194][195]

In February 2020, a Google Maps user used 99 cell phones to fake a Google Maps traffic jam.[196]

See also

References

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External links

  • Official website
    • Official Google Maps blog
    • About Google Maps
    • Google Local Guides
    • Google Maps Platform
    • Google Maps Help
    • Google Maps Help Community

December 26, 2022
google, maps, mapping, platform, consumer, application, offered, google, offers, satellite, imagery, aerial, photography, street, maps, interactive, panoramic, views, streets, street, view, real, time, traffic, conditions, route, planning, traveling, foot, bik. Google Maps is a web mapping platform and consumer application offered by Google It offers satellite imagery aerial photography street maps 360 interactive panoramic views of streets Street View real time traffic conditions and route planning for traveling by foot car bike air in beta and public transportation As of 2020 update Google Maps was being used by over 1 billion people every month around the world 1 Google MapsScreenshotScreenshot of Google Maps on Globe View in a web browserType of siteWeb mappingAvailable inMultilingualOwnerGoogleURLmaps wbr google wbr comCommercialYesRegistrationOptional included with a Google AccountLaunchedFebruary 8 2005 17 years ago 2005 02 08 Current statusActiveWritten inC back end JavaScript XML Ajax UI Google Maps began as a C desktop program developed by brothers Lars and Jens Rasmussen at Where 2 Technologies In October 2004 the company was acquired by Google which converted it into a web application After additional acquisitions of a geospatial data visualization company and a real time traffic analyzer Google Maps was launched in February 2005 2 The service s front end utilizes JavaScript XML and Ajax Google Maps offers an API that allows maps to be embedded on third party websites 3 and offers a locator for businesses and other organizations in numerous countries around the world Google Map Maker allowed users to collaboratively expand and update the service s mapping worldwide but was discontinued from March 2017 However crowdsourced contributions to Google Maps were not discontinued as the company announced those features would be transferred to the Google Local Guides program 4 Google Maps satellite view is a top down or bird s eye view most of the high resolution imagery of cities is aerial photography taken from aircraft flying at 800 to 1 500 feet 240 to 460 m while most other imagery is from satellites 5 Much of the available satellite imagery is no more than three years old and is updated on a regular basis according to a 2011 report 6 Google Maps previously used a variant of the Mercator projection and therefore could not accurately show areas around the poles 7 In August 2018 the desktop version of Google Maps was updated to show a 3D globe It is still possible to switch back to the 2D map in the settings Google Maps for Android and iOS devices was released in September 2008 and features GPS turn by turn navigation along with dedicated parking assistance features In August 2013 it was found to be the world s most popular smartphone app with over 54 of global smartphone owners using it 8 In May 2017 the app was reported to have 2 billion users on Android along with several other Google services including YouTube Chrome Gmail Search and Google Play Contents 1 History 1 1 Acquisitions 1 2 2005 2010 1 3 2011 2015 1 4 2016 2018 1 5 2019 present 2 Functionality 2 1 Directions and transit 2 2 Traffic conditions 2 3 Street View 2 4 Immersive View 2 5 45 imagery 2 6 Business listings 2 7 Indoor maps 2 8 My Maps 2 9 Google Local Guides 2 10 Timelapse 3 Implementation 3 1 Map data and imagery 3 2 Google Maps API 3 3 Google Maps in China 4 Discontinued features 4 1 Google Latitude 4 2 Google Map Maker 5 Mobile app 5 1 Features 5 2 Reception 5 3 Go version 6 Artistic and literary uses 7 Potential misuse 8 See also 9 References 10 External linksHistory EditAcquisitions Edit Google Maps first started as a C program designed by two Danish brothers Lars and Jens Eilstrup Rasmussen and Noel Gordon and Stephen Ma at Sydney based Where 2 Technologies It was first designed to be separately downloaded by users but the company later pitched the idea for a purely Web based product to Google management changing the method of distribution 9 In October 2004 the company was acquired by Google Inc 10 where it transformed into the web application Google Maps In the same month Google acquired Keyhole a geospatial data visualization company with investment from the CIA whose marquee application suite Earth Viewer emerged as the highly successful Google Earth application in 2005 while other aspects of its core technology were integrated into Google Maps 11 In September 2004 Google acquired ZipDash a company that provided realtime traffic analysis 12 2005 2010 Edit Google Maps Beta in 2005 The launch of Google Maps was first announced on the Google Blog on February 8 2005 13 In September 2005 in the aftermath of Hurricane Katrina Google Maps quickly updated its satellite imagery of New Orleans to allow users to view the extent of the flooding in various parts of that city 14 15 As of 2007 Google Maps is equipped with a miniature view with a draggable rectangle that denotes the area shown in the main viewport and Info windows for previewing details about locations on maps 16 Original Google Maps icon On November 28 2007 Google Maps for Mobile 2 0 was released 17 18 19 It featured a beta version of a My Location feature which uses the GPS Assisted GPS location of the mobile device if available supplemented by determining the nearest wireless networks and cell sites 18 19 The software looks up the location of the cell site using a database of known wireless networks and sites 20 21 By triangulating the different signal strengths from cell transmitters and then using their location property retrieved from the database My Location determines the user s current location 22 On September 23 2008 coinciding with the announcement of the first commercial Android device Google announced that a Google Maps app had been released for its Android operating system 23 24 In October 2009 Google replaced Tele Atlas as their primary supplier of geospatial data in the US version of Maps and used their own data 25 2011 2015 Edit On April 19 2011 Map Maker was added to the American version of Google Maps allowing any viewer to edit and add changes to Google Maps This provides Google with local map updates almost in real time instead of waiting for digital map data companies to release more infrequent updates Icon used until 2020 On January 31 2012 Google due to offering its Maps for free was found guilty of abusing the dominant position of its Google Maps application and ordered by a court to pay a fine and damages to Bottin Cartographer a French mapping company 26 This ruling was overturned on appeal 27 In June 2012 Google started mapping the UK s rivers and canals in partnership with the Canal and River Trust The company has stated that it would update the program during the year to allow users to plan trips which include locks bridges and towpaths along the 2 000 miles of river paths in the UK 28 A monument in the shape of a Google Maps pin in the center of the city of Szczecin Poland In December 2012 the Google Maps application was separately made available in the App Store after Apple removed it from its default installation of the mobile operating system version iOS 6 in September 2012 29 On January 29 2013 Google Maps was updated to include a map of North Korea 30 As of May 3 2013 update Google Maps recognizes Palestine as a country instead of redirecting to the Palestinian territories 31 In August 2013 Google Maps removed the Wikipedia Layer which provided links to Wikipedia content about locations shown in Google Maps using Wikipedia geocodes 32 On April 12 2014 Google Maps was updated to reflect the annexation of Ukrainian Crimea by Russia Crimea is shown as the Republic of Crimea in Russia and as the Autonomous Republic of Crimea in Ukraine All other versions show a dotted disputed border 33 In April 2015 on a map near the Pakistani city of Rawalpindi the imagery of the Android logo urinating on the Apple logo was added via Map Maker and appeared on Google Maps The vandalism was soon removed and Google publicly apologized 34 However as a result Google disabled user moderation on Map Maker and on May 12 disabled editing worldwide until it could devise a new policy for approving edits and avoiding vandalism 35 On April 29 2015 users of the classic Google Maps were forwarded to the new Google Maps with the option to be removed from the interface 36 On July 14 2015 the Chinese name for Scarborough Shoal was removed after a petition from the Philippines was posted on Change org 37 2016 2018 Edit On June 27 2016 Google rolled out new satellite imagery worldwide sourced from Landsat 8 comprising over 700 trillion pixels of new data 38 In September 2016 Google Maps acquired mapping analytics startup Urban Engines 39 In 2016 the Government of South Korea offered Google conditional access to the country s geographic database access that already allows indigenous Korean mapping providers high detail maps Google declined the offer as it was unwilling to accept restrictions on reducing the quality around locations the South Korean Government felt were sensitive 40 On October 16 2017 Google Maps was updated with accessible imagery of several planets and moons such as Titan Mercury and Venus as well as direct access to imagery of the Moon and Mars 41 42 In May 2018 Google announced major changes to the API structure starting June 11 2018 This change consolidated the 18 different endpoints into three services and merged the basic and premium plans into one pay as you go plan 43 This meant a 1400 price raise for users on the basic plan with only six weeks of notice This caused a harsh reaction within the developers community 44 In June Google postponed the change date to July 16 2018 In August 2018 Google Maps designed its overall view when zoomed out completely into a 3D globe dropping the Mercator projection that projected the planet onto a flat surface 45 2019 present Edit 2020 icon redesign In January 2019 Google Maps added speed trap and speed camera alerts as reported by other users 46 47 On October 17 2019 Google Maps was updated to include incident reporting resembling a functionality in Waze which was acquired by Google in 2013 48 In December 2019 Incognito mode was added allowing users to enter destinations without saving entries to their Google accounts 49 In February 2020 Maps received a 15th anniversary redesign 50 It notably added a brand new app icon which now resembles the original icon in 2005 On September 23 2020 Google announced a COVID 19 Layer update for Google maps which is designed to offer a seven day average data of the total COVID 19 positive cases per 100 000 people in the area selected on the map It also features a label indicating the rise and fall in the number of cases 51 In January 2021 Google announced that it would be launching a new feature displaying COVID 19 vaccination sites 52 In January 2021 Google announced updates to the route planner that would accommodate drivers of electric vehicles Routing would take into account the type of vehicle vehicle status including current charge and the locations of charging stations 53 In June 2022 Google Maps added a layer displaying air quality for certain countries 54 Functionality EditDirections and transit Edit Google Maps provides a route planner 55 allowing users to find available directions through driving public transportation walking or biking 56 Google has partnered globally with over 800 public transportation providers to adopt GTFS General Transit Feed Specification making the data available to third parties 57 58 The app can indicate users transit route thanks to an October 2019 update The incognito mode eyes free walking navigation features were released earlier 59 A July 2020 update provided bike share routes 60 Traffic conditions Edit Screenshot of Google Maps with traffic option enabled In 2007 Google began offering traffic data as a colored overlay on top of roads and motorways to represent the speed of vehicles on particular roads Crowdsourcing is used to obtain the GPS determined locations of a large number of cellphone users from which live traffic maps are produced 61 62 63 Google has stated that the speed and location information it collects to calculate traffic conditions is anonymous 64 Options available in each phone s settings allow users not to share information about their location with Google Maps 65 Google stated Once you disable or opt out of My Location Maps will not continue to send radio information back to Google servers to determine your handset s approximate location 66 failed verification Street View Edit Main article Google Street View Google Maps car at Googleplex Mountain ViewOn May 25 2007 Google released Google Street View a feature of Google Maps providing 360 panoramic street level views of various locations On the date of release the feature only included five cities in the U S It has since expanded to thousands of locations around the world In July 2009 Google began mapping college campuses and surrounding paths and trails Street View garnered much controversy after its release because of privacy concerns about the uncensored nature of the panoramic photographs although the views are only taken on public streets 67 68 Since then Google has blurred faces and license plates through automated facial recognition 69 70 71 Google Maps Street View Trekker backpack being implemented on the sidewalk of the Hudson River Greenway in New York City In late 2014 Google launched Google Underwater Street View including 2 300 kilometres 1 400 mi of the Australian Great Barrier Reef in 3D The images are taken by special cameras which turn 360 degrees and take shots every 3 seconds 72 In 2017 in both Google Maps and Google Earth Street View navigation of the International Space Station interior spaces became available Immersive View Edit It was announced at the Google I O 2022 event that 3D images would be created using Street View It was to be initially in five cities worldwide with plans to add it to other cities later on 73 Immersive View was to be available initially in the following locations Locations with Immersive View Country Locations Japan Tokyo United Kingdom London United States Los Angeles New York City San Francisco45 imagery Edit An example of the Leaning Tower of Pisa in the 45 view In December 2009 Google introduced a new view consisting of 45 angle aerial imagery offering a bird s eye view of cities The first cities available were San Jose and San Diego This feature was initially available only to developers via the Google Maps API 74 In February 2010 it was introduced as an experimental feature in Google Maps Labs 75 In July 2010 45 imagery was made available in Google Maps in select cities in South Africa the United States Germany and Italy 76 Business listings Edit Google collates business listings from multiple on line and off line sources To reduce duplication in the index Google s algorithm combines listings automatically based on address phone number or geocode 77 but sometimes information for separate businesses will be inadvertently merged with each other resulting in listings inaccurately incorporating elements from multiple businesses 78 Google allows business owners to create and verify their own business data through Google Business Profile formerly Google My Business 79 Owners are encouraged to provide Google with Business information including address phone number business category and photos 80 Google has staff in India who check and correct listings remotely as well as support businesses with issues 81 Google also has teams on the ground in most countries that validate physical addresses in person 82 After the business listing has been verified business owners can further optimize their profile by logging into their Google account and GMB dashboard In mid August 2020 Google made it more convenient for business owners to edit their business profile directly from search 83 simply by typing the word My business or their company name Google Business Profile formerly Google My Business allows businesses to create a website for free 84 Google Maps can be manipulated by businesses which are not physically located in the area in which they record a listing There are cases of people abusing Google Maps to overtake their competition by placing unverified listings on online directory sites knowing the information will roll across to Google duplicate sites The people who update these listings do not use a registered business name Keywords and location details are placed on their Google Maps business title which can overtake credible business listings In Australia in particular genuine companies and businesses are noticing a trend of fake business listings in a variety of industries 85 Genuine business owners can also optimise their business listings to gain greater visibility in Google Maps through a type of search engine marketing called local search engine optimisation 86 87 Indoor maps Edit In March 2011 indoor maps were added to Google Maps giving users the ability to navigate themselves within buildings such as airports museums shopping malls big box stores universities transit stations and other public spaces including underground facilities Google encourages owners of public facilities to submit floor plans of their buildings in order to add them to the service 88 Map users can view different floors of a building or subway station by clicking on a level selector that is displayed near any structures which are mapped on multiple levels My Maps Edit Google My Maps My Maps is a feature in Google Maps launched in April 2007 that enables users to create custom maps for personal use or sharing Users can add points lines shapes notes and images on top of Google Maps using a WYSIWYG editor 89 An Android app for My Maps initially released in March 2013 under the name Google Maps Engine Lite was available until its removal from the Play Store in October 2021 90 91 92 Google Local Guides Edit Google Local Guides is a volunteer program launched by Google Maps to enable its users to contribute to Google Maps when registered Sometimes it provides them additional perks and benefits for the work Users can achieve Level 1 to 10 and be awarded with badges The program is partially a successor to Google Map Maker as features from the former program became integrated into the website and app 93 The program consists of adding reviews photos basic information and videos and correcting information such as wheelchair accessibility 94 95 Timelapse Edit Earth Timelapse released in April 2021 is a program in which users can see how the earth has been changed in the last 37 years They combined the 15 million satellite images roughly ten quadrillion pixels to create the 35 global cloud free Images for this program 96 Implementation Edit A split view screenshot of Google Maps In the bottom half Street Maps is shown while in the top half Street View is shown A user can zoom in and out of either of them independently of the zoom level of each As the user drags the map the grid squares are downloaded from the server and inserted into the page When a user searches for a business the results are downloaded in the background for insertion into the side panel and map the page is not reloaded A hidden iframe with form submission is used because it preserves browser history Like many other Google web applications Google Maps uses JavaScript extensively 97 The site also uses JSON for data transfer rather than XML for performance reasons The version of Google Street View for classic Google Maps required Adobe Flash 98 In October 2011 Google announced MapsGL a WebGL version of Maps with better renderings and smoother transitions 99 Indoor maps use JPG PNG PDF BMP or GIF for floor plans 100 Users who are logged into a Google Account can save locations so that they are overlaid on the map with various colored pins whenever they browse the application These Saved places can be organised into default groups or user named groups and shared with other users Starred places is one default group example It previously automatically created a record within the now discontinued product Google Bookmarks Map data and imagery Edit See also List of satellite map images with missing or unclear dataThe Google Maps terms and conditions 101 state that usage of material from Google Maps is regulated by Google Terms of Service 102 and some additional restrictions Google has either purchased local map data from established companies or has entered into lease agreements to use copyrighted map data 103 The owner of the copyright is listed at the bottom of zoomed maps For example street maps in Japan are leased from Zenrin Street maps in China are leased from AutoNavi 104 Russian street maps are leased from Geocentre Consulting and Tele Atlas Data for North Korea is sourced from the companion project Google Map Maker Street map overlays in some areas may not match up precisely with the corresponding satellite images The street data may be entirely erroneous or simply out of date The biggest challenge is the currency of data the authenticity of data said Google Earth representative Brian McClendon As a result in March 2008 Google added a feature to edit the locations of houses and businesses 105 106 Restrictions have been placed on Google Maps through the apparent censoring of locations deemed potential security threats In some cases the area of redaction is for specific buildings but in other cases such as Washington D C 107 the restriction is to use outdated imagery Google Maps API Edit Google Maps API now called Google Maps Platform hosts about 17 different APIs which are themed under the following categories Maps Places and Routes 108 After the success of reverse engineered mashups such as chicagocrime org and housingmaps com Google launched the Google Maps API in June 2005 109 to allow developers to integrate Google Maps into their websites It was a free service that didn t require an API key until June 2018 changes went into effect on July 16 when it was announced that an API key linked to a Google Cloud account with billing enabled would be required to access the API 110 The API currently update does not contain ads but Google states in their terms of use that they reserve the right to display ads in the future 111 By using the Google Maps API it is possible to embed Google Maps into an external website onto which site specific data can be overlaid 112 Although initially only a JavaScript API the Maps API was expanded to include an API for Adobe Flash applications but this has been deprecated a service for retrieving static map images and web services for performing geocoding generating driving directions and obtaining elevation profiles Over 1 000 000 113 web sites use the Google Maps API making it the most heavily used web application development API 114 In September 2011 Google announced it would deprecate the Google Maps API for Flash 115 The Google Maps API was free for commercial use provided that the site on which it is being used is publicly accessible and did not charge for access and was not generating more than 25 000 map accesses a day 116 117 Sites that did not meet these requirements could purchase the Google Maps API for Business 118 As of June 21 2018 Google increased the prices of the Maps API and requires a billing profile 119 Google Maps in China Edit Due to restrictions on geographic data in China Google Maps must partner with a Chinese digital map provider in order to legally show Chinese map data Since 2006 this partner has been AutoNavi 104 Within China the State Council mandates that all maps of China use the GCJ 02 coordinate system which is offset from the WGS 84 system used in most of the world google cn maps formerly Google Ditu uses the GCJ 02 system for both its street maps 120 and satellite imagery 121 google com maps also uses GCJ 02 data for the street map but uses WGS 84 coordinates for satellite imagery 122 causing the so called China GPS shift problem Frontier alignments also present some differences between google cn maps and google com maps On the latter sections of the Chinese border with India and Pakistan are shown with dotted lines indicating areas or frontiers in dispute However google cn shows the Chinese frontier strictly according to Chinese claims with no dotted lines indicating the border with India and Pakistan For example the South Tibet region claimed by China but administered by India as a large part of Arunachal Pradesh is shown inside the Chinese frontier by google cn with Indian highways ending abruptly at the Chinese claim line Google cn also shows Taiwan and the South China Sea Islands as part of China Google Ditu s street map coverage of Taiwan no longer omits major state organs such as the Presidential Palace the five Yuans and the Supreme Court 123 additional citation s needed Feature wise google cn maps does not feature My Maps On the other hand while google cn displays virtually all text in Chinese google com maps displays most text user selectable real text as well as those on map in English citation needed This behavior of displaying English text is not consistent but intermittent sometimes it is in English sometimes it is in Chinese The criteria for choosing which language is displayed are not known publicly citation needed Discontinued features EditGoogle Latitude Edit Main article Google Latitude Google Latitude was a feature that let users share their physical locations with other people This service was based on Google Maps specifically on mobile devices There was an iGoogle widget for desktops and laptops as well 124 Some concerns were expressed about the privacy issues raised by the use of the service On August 9 2013 this service was discontinued 125 and on March 22 2017 Google incorporated the features from Latitude into the Google Maps app 126 Google Map Maker Edit Main article Google Map Maker In areas where Google Map Maker was available for example much of Asia Africa Latin America and Europe as well as the United States and Canada anyone who logged into their Google account could directly improve the map by fixing incorrect driving directions adding biking trails or adding a missing building or road General map errors in Australia Austria Belgium Denmark France Liechtenstein Netherlands New Zealand Norway South Africa Switzerland and the United States could be reported using the Report a Problem link in Google Maps and would be updated by Google 127 For areas where Google used Tele Atlas data map errors could be reported using Tele Atlas map insight 128 If imagery was missing outdated misaligned or generally incorrect one could notify Google through their contact request form 129 In November 2016 Google announced the discontinuation of Google Map Maker as of March 2017 130 Mobile app EditGoogle Maps Screenshot of Google Maps on Android 11Original author s GoogleInitial releaseSeptember 23 2008 14 years ago 2008 09 23 Stable release s Android11 28 1 April 28 2022 7 months ago 2022 04 28 131 Wear OS11 5 7 W December 1 2021 12 months ago 2021 12 01 132 iOS6 15 April 25 2022 8 months ago 2022 04 25 133 Preview release s Android Beta 11 27 2 April 21 2022 8 months ago 2022 04 21 134 Operating systemAndroidiOSKaiOSGoogle Maps is available as a mobile app for the Android and iOS mobile operating systems The Android app was first released in September 2008 135 136 though the GPS localization feature had been in testing on cellphones since 2007 137 138 139 Up until iOS 6 the built in maps application on the iOS operating system was powered by Google Maps However with the announcement of iOS 6 in June 2012 Apple announced that they had created their own Apple Maps mapping service 140 which officially replaced Google Maps when iOS 6 was released on September 19 2012 141 However at launch Apple Maps received significant criticism from users due to inaccuracies errors and bugs 142 143 One day later The Guardian reported that Google was preparing its own Google Maps app 144 which was released on December 12 2012 145 146 Within only two days the application had been downloaded over ten million times 147 Features Edit The Google Maps apps for iOS and Android have many of the same features including turn by turn navigation street view and public transit information 148 149 Turn by turn navigation was originally announced by Google as a separate beta testing app exclusive to Android 2 0 devices in October 2009 150 151 The original standalone iOS version did not support the iPad 149 but tablet support was added with version 2 0 in July 2013 152 An update in June 2012 for Android devices added support for offline access to downloaded maps of certain regions 153 154 a feature that was eventually released for iOS devices and made more robust on Android in May 2014 155 156 At the end of 2015 Google Maps announced its new offline functionality 157 but with various limitations downloaded area cannot exceed 120 000 square kilometers 158 159 and require a considerable amount of storage space 160 In January 2017 Google added a feature exclusively to Android that will in some U S cities indicate the level of difficulty in finding available parking spots 161 and on both Android and iOS the app can as of an April 2017 update remember where users parked 162 163 In August 2017 Google Maps for Android was updated with new functionality to actively help the user in finding parking lots and garages close to a destination 164 In December 2017 Google added a new two wheeler mode to its Android app designed for users in India allowing for more accessibility in traffic conditions 165 166 In 2019 the Android version introduced the new feature called live view that allows to view directions directly on the road thanks to augmented reality 167 Google Maps won the 2020 Webby Award for Best User Interface in the category Apps Mobile amp Voice 168 In March 2021 Google added a feature in which users can draw missing roads 169 In June 2022 Google implemented support for toll calculation Both iOS and Android apps report how much the user has to pay in tolls when a route that includes toll roads is input The feature is available for roads in the USA India Japan and Indonesia with further expansion planned As per reports the total number of toll roads covered in this phase is around 2000 170 Reception Edit USA Today welcomed the application back to iOS saying The reemergence in the middle of the night of a Google Maps app for the iPhone is like the return of an old friend Only your friend who d gone missing for three months comes back looking better than ever 171 Jason Parker of CNET calling it the king of maps said With its iOS Maps app Google sets the standard for what mobile navigation should be and more 172 Bree Fowler of the Associated Press compared Google s and Apple s map applications saying The one clear advantage that Apple has is style Like Apple devices the maps are clean and clear and have a fun pretty element to them especially in 3 D But when it comes down to depth and information Google still reigns superior and will no doubt be welcomed back by its fans 173 Gizmodo gave it a ranking of 4 5 stars stating Maps Done Right 174 According to The New York Times Google admits that it s iOS app is even better than Google Maps for Android phones which has accommodated its evolving feature set mainly by piling on menus 175 Google Maps location tracking is regarded by some as a threat to users privacy with Dylan Tweney of VentureBeat writing in August 2014 that Google is probably logging your location step by step via Google Maps and linked users to Google s location history map which lets you see the path you ve traced for any given day that your smartphone has been running Google Maps Tweney then provided instructions on how to disable location history 176 The history tracking was also noticed and recommended disabled by editors at CNET 177 and TechCrunch 178 Additionally Quartz reported in April 2014 that a sneaky new privacy change would have an effect on the majority of iOS users The privacy change an update to the Gmail iOS app that now supports sign in across Google iOS apps including Maps Drive YouTube and Chrome meant that Google would be able to identify users actions across its different apps 179 The Android version of the app surpassed 5 billion installations in March 2019 180 By November 2021 the Android app had surpassed 10 billion installations 181 Go version Edit Google Maps Go a version of the app designed for lower end devices was released in beta in January 2018 182 By September 2018 the app had over 10 million installations 183 Artistic and literary uses EditThe German geo novel Senghor on the Rocks 2008 told the story as a series of spreads showing a Google map location on the left and text telling the story on the right Annika Richterich explains that the satellite pictures in Senghor on the Rocks illustrate the main character s travel through the West African state of Senegal 184 Artists have used Google StreetView in a range of ways Emilio Vavarella s The Google Trilogy includes glitchy images and unintended portraits of the drivers of the Street View cars 185 The Japanese band group inou used Google StreetView backgrounds to make a music video for their song EYE 186 The US band Arcade Fire made a customised music video that used StreetView to show the viewer their own childhood home 187 188 Potential misuse EditSee also Google Street View privacy concerns and List of satellite map images with missing or unclear data In 2005 the Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation ANSTO complained about the potential for terrorists to use the satellite images in planning attacks with specific reference to the Lucas Heights nuclear reactor however the Australian Federal government did not support the organization s concern At the time of the ANSTO complaint Google had colored over some areas for security mostly in the U S such as the rooftop of the White House and several other Washington D C buildings 189 190 191 In October 2010 Nicaraguan military commander Eden Pastora stationed Nicaraguan troops on the Isla Calero in the delta of the San Juan River justifying his action on the border delineation given by Google Maps Google has since updated its data which it found to be incorrect 192 On January 27 2014 documents leaked by Edward Snowden revealed that the NSA and the GCHQ intercepted Google Maps queries made on smartphones and used them to locate the users making these queries One leaked document dating to 2008 stated that i t effectively means that anyone using Google Maps on a smartphone is working in support of a GCHQ system 193 In May 2015 searches on Google Maps for offensive racial epithets for African Americans such as nigger nigger king and nigger house pointed the user to the White House Google apologized for the incident 194 195 In February 2020 a Google Maps user used 99 cell phones to fake a Google Maps traffic jam 196 See also Edit Internet portal Bing Maps Comparison of web map services GeoGuessr Google Maps Road Trip live 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