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China Daily

China Daily (simplified Chinese: 中国日报; traditional Chinese: 中國日報; pinyin: Zhōngguó Rìbào) is an English-language daily newspaper owned by the Central Propaganda Department of the Chinese Communist Party.[1][2][3]

China Daily
Headquarters of China Daily in February 2023
TypeDaily newspaper, state media
FormatBroadsheet
Owner(s)Central Propaganda Department of the Chinese Communist Party
Editor-in-chiefQu Yingpu
Founded1 June, 1981; 42 years ago (1981)
Political alignmentChinese Communist Party
LanguageEnglish
HeadquartersChina:15 Huixin Street East, Chaoyang District, Beijing
Overseas: 1500 Broadway, Suite 2800
New York, NY 10036
U.S.
Websitewww.chinadaily.com.cn

Overview

China Daily has the widest print circulation of any English-language newspaper in China.[1] The headquarters and principal editorial office is in the Chaoyang District of Beijing.[4] The newspaper has branch offices in most major cities of China as well as several major foreign cities including New York City, Washington, D.C., London, and Kathmandu.[5] China Daily also produces an insert of sponsored content called China Watch that has been distributed inside other newspapers including The New York Times, The Wall Street Journal, The Washington Post, and Le Figaro.[6][7][8][9][10]

Within mainland China, the newspaper targets primarily diplomats, foreign expatriates, tourists, and locals wishing to improve their English.[1] The China edition also offers program guides to Radio Beijing and television, daily exchange rates, and local entertainment schedules.[11] It has been used as a guide to Chinese government policy and positions of the Chinese Communist Party.[12][13] Scholar Falk Hartig describes the newspaper and its various international editions as an "instrument of China's public diplomacy."[1][14]

China Daily's editorial policies have historically been described as slightly more liberal than other Chinese state news outlets.[1][15][16] Its coverage of the 1989 Tiananmen Square protests and massacre was overwhelmingly sympathetic to the student protests with many of its journalists joining in at the height of mass demonstrations.[17] The newspaper's coverage of the 2002–2004 SARS outbreak was reported to be more critical, fact-driven, and less laudatory than that of the People's Daily.[18] A 2018 discourse analysis from Uppsala University found that prior to Xi Jinping's accession, many China Daily articles portrayed their government as a particular kind of democracy, with democratic ideals such as the implementation of universal suffrage (in Hong Kong) and grassroots elections sometimes endorsed. After his accession, articles became more negative in tone toward democracy and shifted focus to portraying the "vices" of democracies in the West, particularly the United States.[19]

Editorial control

Scholars have described China Daily as effectively controlled by the Central Propaganda Department of the Chinese Communist Party.[1][2][3] Ideologically, it tends to adopt similar perspectives to the People's Daily.[20] According to its 2014 annual report, China Daily is formally managed by the State Council Information Office (SCIO), which was formed from the Central Propaganda Department in 1991.[4][21] The SCIO holds regular meetings with journalists and editors from China Daily on what they should publish.[21] In 2014, the SCIO was absorbed into the CCP's Central Propaganda Department.[22] The SCIO has stated that China Daily is "one of our most important tools in carrying out external propaganda."[23]

A former copy-editor (or "polisher" as termed at China Daily) for the newspaper described her role being "to tweak propaganda enough that it read as English, without inadvertently triggering war."[24] Journalist Michael Ottey described his time working for China Daily as "almost like working for a public relations firm" and added "it wasn't really honest journalism. It was more 'Let's make the Chinese government look good.'"[25] Writer Mitch Moxley, who worked at China Daily from 2007 to 2008, wrote in 2013 that many of the articles published in the newspaper's opinion pages "violated everything [he] had ever learned about journalistic ethics, including China Daily's own code: 'Factual, Honest, Fair, Complete.'"[26]

History

China Daily was officially established in June 1981 after a one-month trial.[27] It was initially led by Jiang Muyue, with Liu Zhunqi as editor in chief.[17] It was the first national daily English-language newspaper in China after the establishment of the People's Republic in 1949. Its initial circulation was 22,000, which grew to 65,000 by the following year.[27] The paper was a departure from other Chinese newspapers at the time: it was "a Western-style paper", in content, style, and organizational structure.[27] By July 1982, the newspaper had plans to publish editions in the United States, the United Kingdom, and tentatively Australia.[27] Initially, it struggled to find English-speaking journalists.[27]

China Daily began distribution in North America in 1983. It has been registered as a foreign agent in the United States under the Foreign Agents Registration Act since 1983.[28]

China Daily introduced an online edition in 1996 and a Hong Kong edition in 1997.[29] By 2006, it had a reported circulation of 300,000, of which two thirds were in China and one third international.[17] In 2010, it launched China Daily Asia Weekly, a tabloid-sized pan-Asian edition.[29]

In December 2012, China Daily launched an Africa edition, published in Nairobi, the capital of Kenya.[30][31] This edition aimed expand the China Daily readership, of both African people and Chinese people who live in Africa, and showcase China's interests in Africa.[31]

In 2015, China Daily published a fake op-ed which the publication claimed was penned by Peter Hessler. They combined part of the transcript of an interview he had done with comments from another person interviewed as well as completely fabricated parts and ran it as an op-ed under Hessler's byline without his knowledge or permission.[32] The fabricated op-ed contained made up praise for China and misrepresented Hessler's own words by taking them out of context.[33][34] According to the Associated Press, the editorial repeated Chinese Communist Party talking points and China Daily refused to retract it although it subsequently removed the English language version of the op-ed.[35]

In 2018, the paper fabricated a quote by the mayor of Davos, Tarzisius Caviezel.[36]

A January 2020 report by Freedom House, a U.S. non-governmental organization, noted that China Daily had increased its spending from $500,000 in the first half of 2009 to over $5 million in the latter half of 2019 for increased print runs.[37][38] China Daily said it had a circulation of 300,000 in the U.S. and 600,000 overseas.[38]

In February 2020, a group of U.S. lawmakers asked the United States Department of Justice to investigate China Daily for alleged violations of the Foreign Agents Registration Act.[39] Later the same month, the United States Department of State designated China Daily, along with several other Chinese state media outlets, as foreign missions owned or controlled by the Chinese Communist Party.[40][41][28][42]

In June 2020, China Daily awarded a tender for a "foreign personnel analysis platform" to the Communication University of China to scan social media and automatically flag "false statements and reports on China."[43]

In September 2020, India's Ministry of External Affairs issued a statement saying that comments made by China Daily were falsely attributed to Ajit Doval.[44]

Reception

Overall

In a 2004 journal article, University of Sheffield professor Lily Chen stated that China Daily was "essentially a publicly funded government mouthpiece".[45] Judy Polumbaum stated in the Berkshire Encyclopedia of China (2009) that China Daily "resists definition as a simple mouthpiece" and has a "distinctive, if quixotic, status".[17] In 2009, China Daily was called "the most influential English language national newspaper in China" according to University of St. Thomas scholar Juan Li.[20] It is known for original reporting.[17] Non-governmental organization Reporters Without Borders has accused China Daily of engaging in censorship and propaganda.[46][47]

The New York Times wrote that China Daily's inserts published in US newspapers "generally offer an informative, if anodyne, view of world affairs refracted through the lens of the Communist Party."[28] In response to criticism, The New York Times, The Washington Post, The Daily Telegraph, and Nine Entertainment Co. ceased publishing China Daily's China Watch inserts in their newspapers.[7][10]

Disinformation

Media outlets such as The New York Times, NPR, Quartz, and BuzzFeed News have published accounts of China Daily's dissemination of disinformation related to the 2019–20 Hong Kong protests.[48][49][50][51][52] In September 2019, China Daily's official Facebook account stated that Hong Kong protesters were planning on launching terrorist attacks on 11 September of the same year.[53][54]

In May 2020, CNN, Financial Times, and other media outlets reported that China Daily censored references to the origin of the COVID-19 pandemic from an opinion piece authored by European Union ambassadors.[55][56][57][58] In January 2021, China Daily inaccurately attributed deaths in Norway to the Pfizer–BioNTech COVID-19 vaccine.[59] In April 2021, the European External Action Service published a report that cited China Daily and other state media outlets for "selective highlighting" of potential vaccine side-effects and "disregarding contextual information or ongoing research" to present Western vaccines as unsafe.[60][61] In October 2021, the German Marshall Fund reported that China Daily was one of several state media outlets propagating a conspiracy theory concerning the origins of COVID-19.[62]

In January 2022, China Daily alleged that the U.S. planned to pay athletes to "sabotage" the 2022 Winter Olympics.[63] In March 2022, China Daily published an article in Chinese[64] which falsely claimed that COVID-19 was created by Moderna, citing a page on The Exposé, a British conspiracist website.[65][66]

Portrayal of Muslims

A 2019 critical discourse analysis of China Daily's coverage of Chinese Muslims found them to be portrayed as "obedient and dependent Chinese citizens who benefit from the government’s intervention."[67] In January 2021, a China Daily article praised a report from the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, stating that government policies in Xinjiang had "emancipated" the minds of Uyghur women so that they are "no longer baby-making machines."[68][69] The article drew condemnation as being a justification for reproductive policies of Uyghur genocide,[70][71][72] and sparked calls for Twitter to remove links to the article.[73][74][75] Twitter removed a reposting of the China Daily article by the PRC's official U.S. embassy account and subsequently suspended the account for contravening its stated policy against "dehumanization of a group of people."[76]

See also

References

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External links

  • Official website  

Coordinates: 39°58′48″N 116°25′26″E / 39.980092°N 116.423802°E / 39.980092; 116.423802 (China Daily)

china, daily, newspaper, published, taiwan, news, taiwan, simplified, chinese, 中国日报, traditional, chinese, 中國日報, pinyin, zhōngguó, rìbào, english, language, daily, newspaper, owned, central, propaganda, department, chinese, communist, party, headquarters, febr. For the newspaper published in Taiwan see China Daily News Taiwan China Daily simplified Chinese 中国日报 traditional Chinese 中國日報 pinyin Zhōngguo Ribao is an English language daily newspaper owned by the Central Propaganda Department of the Chinese Communist Party 1 2 3 China DailyHeadquarters of China Daily in February 2023TypeDaily newspaper state mediaFormatBroadsheetOwner s Central Propaganda Department of the Chinese Communist PartyEditor in chiefQu YingpuFounded1 June 1981 42 years ago 1981 Political alignmentChinese Communist PartyLanguageEnglishHeadquartersChina 15 Huixin Street East Chaoyang District BeijingOverseas 1500 Broadway Suite 2800New York NY 10036U S Websitewww wbr chinadaily wbr com wbr cn Contents 1 Overview 1 1 Editorial control 2 History 3 Reception 3 1 Overall 3 2 Disinformation 3 3 Portrayal of Muslims 4 See also 5 References 6 External linksOverview EditChina Daily has the widest print circulation of any English language newspaper in China 1 The headquarters and principal editorial office is in the Chaoyang District of Beijing 4 The newspaper has branch offices in most major cities of China as well as several major foreign cities including New York City Washington D C London and Kathmandu 5 China Daily also produces an insert of sponsored content called China Watch that has been distributed inside other newspapers including The New York Times The Wall Street Journal The Washington Post and Le Figaro 6 7 8 9 10 Within mainland China the newspaper targets primarily diplomats foreign expatriates tourists and locals wishing to improve their English 1 The China edition also offers program guides to Radio Beijing and television daily exchange rates and local entertainment schedules 11 It has been used as a guide to Chinese government policy and positions of the Chinese Communist Party 12 13 Scholar Falk Hartig describes the newspaper and its various international editions as an instrument of China s public diplomacy 1 14 China Daily s editorial policies have historically been described as slightly more liberal than other Chinese state news outlets 1 15 16 Its coverage of the 1989 Tiananmen Square protests and massacre was overwhelmingly sympathetic to the student protests with many of its journalists joining in at the height of mass demonstrations 17 The newspaper s coverage of the 2002 2004 SARS outbreak was reported to be more critical fact driven and less laudatory than that of the People s Daily 18 A 2018 discourse analysis from Uppsala University found that prior to Xi Jinping s accession many China Daily articles portrayed their government as a particular kind of democracy with democratic ideals such as the implementation of universal suffrage in Hong Kong and grassroots elections sometimes endorsed After his accession articles became more negative in tone toward democracy and shifted focus to portraying the vices of democracies in the West particularly the United States 19 Editorial control Edit Scholars have described China Daily as effectively controlled by the Central Propaganda Department of the Chinese Communist Party 1 2 3 Ideologically it tends to adopt similar perspectives to the People s Daily 20 According to its 2014 annual report China Daily is formally managed by the State Council Information Office SCIO which was formed from the Central Propaganda Department in 1991 4 21 The SCIO holds regular meetings with journalists and editors from China Daily on what they should publish 21 In 2014 the SCIO was absorbed into the CCP s Central Propaganda Department 22 The SCIO has stated that China Daily is one of our most important tools in carrying out external propaganda 23 A former copy editor or polisher as termed at China Daily for the newspaper described her role being to tweak propaganda enough that it read as English without inadvertently triggering war 24 Journalist Michael Ottey described his time working for China Daily as almost like working for a public relations firm and added it wasn t really honest journalism It was more Let s make the Chinese government look good 25 Writer Mitch Moxley who worked at China Daily from 2007 to 2008 wrote in 2013 that many of the articles published in the newspaper s opinion pages violated everything he had ever learned about journalistic ethics including China Daily s own code Factual Honest Fair Complete 26 History EditChina Daily was officially established in June 1981 after a one month trial 27 It was initially led by Jiang Muyue with Liu Zhunqi as editor in chief 17 It was the first national daily English language newspaper in China after the establishment of the People s Republic in 1949 Its initial circulation was 22 000 which grew to 65 000 by the following year 27 The paper was a departure from other Chinese newspapers at the time it was a Western style paper in content style and organizational structure 27 By July 1982 the newspaper had plans to publish editions in the United States the United Kingdom and tentatively Australia 27 Initially it struggled to find English speaking journalists 27 China Daily began distribution in North America in 1983 It has been registered as a foreign agent in the United States under the Foreign Agents Registration Act since 1983 28 China Daily introduced an online edition in 1996 and a Hong Kong edition in 1997 29 By 2006 it had a reported circulation of 300 000 of which two thirds were in China and one third international 17 In 2010 it launched China Daily Asia Weekly a tabloid sized pan Asian edition 29 In December 2012 China Daily launched an Africa edition published in Nairobi the capital of Kenya 30 31 This edition aimed expand the China Daily readership of both African people and Chinese people who live in Africa and showcase China s interests in Africa 31 In 2015 China Daily published a fake op ed which the publication claimed was penned by Peter Hessler They combined part of the transcript of an interview he had done with comments from another person interviewed as well as completely fabricated parts and ran it as an op ed under Hessler s byline without his knowledge or permission 32 The fabricated op ed contained made up praise for China and misrepresented Hessler s own words by taking them out of context 33 34 According to the Associated Press the editorial repeated Chinese Communist Party talking points and China Daily refused to retract it although it subsequently removed the English language version of the op ed 35 In 2018 the paper fabricated a quote by the mayor of Davos Tarzisius Caviezel 36 A January 2020 report by Freedom House a U S non governmental organization noted that China Daily had increased its spending from 500 000 in the first half of 2009 to over 5 million in the latter half of 2019 for increased print runs 37 38 China Daily said it had a circulation of 300 000 in the U S and 600 000 overseas 38 In February 2020 a group of U S lawmakers asked the United States Department of Justice to investigate China Daily for alleged violations of the Foreign Agents Registration Act 39 Later the same month the United States Department of State designated China Daily along with several other Chinese state media outlets as foreign missions owned or controlled by the Chinese Communist Party 40 41 28 42 In June 2020 China Daily awarded a tender for a foreign personnel analysis platform to the Communication University of China to scan social media and automatically flag false statements and reports on China 43 In September 2020 India s Ministry of External Affairs issued a statement saying that comments made by China Daily were falsely attributed to Ajit Doval 44 Reception EditOverall Edit In a 2004 journal article University of Sheffield professor Lily Chen stated that China Daily was essentially a publicly funded government mouthpiece 45 Judy Polumbaum stated in the Berkshire Encyclopedia of China 2009 that China Daily resists definition as a simple mouthpiece and has a distinctive if quixotic status 17 In 2009 China Daily was called the most influential English language national newspaper in China according to University of St Thomas scholar Juan Li 20 It is known for original reporting 17 Non governmental organization Reporters Without Borders has accused China Daily of engaging in censorship and propaganda 46 47 The New York Times wrote that China Daily s inserts published in US newspapers generally offer an informative if anodyne view of world affairs refracted through the lens of the Communist Party 28 In response to criticism The New York Times The Washington Post The Daily Telegraph and Nine Entertainment Co ceased publishing China Daily s China Watch inserts in their newspapers 7 10 Disinformation Edit Further information Censorship in China COVID 19 misinformation by China and Propaganda in China Media outlets such as The New York Times NPR Quartz and BuzzFeed News have published accounts of China Daily s dissemination of disinformation related to the 2019 20 Hong Kong protests 48 49 50 51 52 In September 2019 China Daily s official Facebook account stated that Hong Kong protesters were planning on launching terrorist attacks on 11 September of the same year 53 54 In May 2020 CNN Financial Times and other media outlets reported that China Daily censored references to the origin of the COVID 19 pandemic from an opinion piece authored by European Union ambassadors 55 56 57 58 In January 2021 China Daily inaccurately attributed deaths in Norway to the Pfizer BioNTech COVID 19 vaccine 59 In April 2021 the European External Action Service published a report that cited China Daily and other state media outlets for selective highlighting of potential vaccine side effects and disregarding contextual information or ongoing research to present Western vaccines as unsafe 60 61 In October 2021 the German Marshall Fund reported that China Daily was one of several state media outlets propagating a conspiracy theory concerning the origins of COVID 19 62 In January 2022 China Daily alleged that the U S planned to pay athletes to sabotage the 2022 Winter Olympics 63 In March 2022 China Daily published an article in Chinese 64 which falsely claimed that COVID 19 was created by Moderna citing a page on The Expose a British conspiracist website 65 66 Portrayal of Muslims Edit Further information Islamophobia in China and Uyghur genocide Denial of abuses A 2019 critical discourse analysis of China Daily s coverage of Chinese Muslims found them to be portrayed as obedient and dependent Chinese citizens who benefit from the government s intervention 67 In January 2021 a China Daily article praised a report from the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences stating that government policies in Xinjiang had emancipated the minds of Uyghur women so that they are no longer baby making machines 68 69 The article drew condemnation as being a justification for reproductive policies of Uyghur genocide 70 71 72 and sparked calls for Twitter to remove links to the article 73 74 75 Twitter removed a reposting of the China Daily article by the PRC s official U S embassy account and subsequently suspended the account for contravening its stated policy against dehumanization of a group of people 76 See also Edit China portal Journalism portalList of newspapers in China Mass media in China Propaganda in China Chinese information operations and information warfareReferences Edit a b c d e f Hartig Falk 27 November 2017 China Daily Beijing s Global Voice In Thussu Daya Kishan De Burgh Hugo Shi Anbin eds China s Media Go Global Routledge doi 10 4324 9781315619668 ISBN 978 1 317 21461 8 OCLC 1158860903 Archived from the original on 21 November 2020 Retrieved 21 November 2020 a b Chen Lily September 2013 Who speaks and how Studies of voicing in the China Daily following a decade of change Chinese Journal of Communication 6 3 325 349 doi 10 1080 17544750 2013 789421 ISSN 1754 4750 S2CID 144203378 a b 有林 ed December 1993 General History of the People s Republic of China 1949 1995 in Chinese 北京 当代中国出版社 p 446 ISBN 7 80092 500 5 a b 2014 Annual Report State Institution Registration Authority in Chinese 1 June 2015 Archived from the original on 6 August 2016 Retrieved 7 June 2016 China Daily launches Kathmandu edition in Nepal Xinhua News Agency 31 May 2013 Archived from the original on 19 February 2014 Retrieved 2 June 2013 Fifield Anna 16 January 2020 China is waging a global propaganda war to silence critics abroad report warns The Washington Post Archived from the original on 27 October 2020 Retrieved 21 November 2020 a b Waterson Jim Jones Dean Sterling 14 April 2020 Daily Telegraph stops publishing section paid for by China The Guardian Archived from the original on 15 April 2020 Retrieved 15 April 2020 Yu Mo 26 June 2020 US Spending Report Sheds Light on China s Global Propaganda Campaign Voice of America Archived from the original on 29 June 2020 Retrieved 26 June 2020 Basu Zachary 23 September 2018 China takes out anti trade war ads in Des Moines Register Axios Archived from the original on 24 September 2018 Retrieved 24 September 2018 a b Meade Amanda 9 December 2020 Nine Entertainment newspapers quit carrying China Watch supplement The Guardian Archived from the original on 9 January 2021 Retrieved 9 December 2020 Thurston Anne F Turner Gottschang Karen Reed Linda A 1994 China Bound A Guide to Academic Life and Work in the PRC Revised ed Washington D C National Academy Press p 38 doi 10 17226 2111 ISBN 978 0 309 04932 0 Lams Lutgard 21 November 2017 Othering in Chinese official media narratives during diplomatic standoffs with the US and Japan Palgrave Communications 3 1 33 doi 10 1057 s41599 017 0034 z ISSN 2055 1045 Schnell James A 2001 Qualitative Method Interpretations in Communication Studies Lexington Books p page needed ISBN 978 0 7391 0147 6 Hartig Falk 23 September 2019 Rethinking China s global propaganda blitz Global Media and Communication 16 1 3 18 doi 10 1177 1742766519871694 ISSN 1742 7665 S2CID 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2019 Retrieved 22 December 2020 Huang Echo 19 September 2019 Why China isn t as skillful at disinformation as Russia Quartz Archived from the original on 9 January 2021 Retrieved 22 December 2020 Zheng Sarah 10 September 2019 China Daily newspaper criticised over claim Hong Kong protesters are planning 9 11 terror attack South China Morning Post Retrieved 6 March 2021 Gold Hadas 15 May 2020 China is mobilizing its global media machine in the coronavirus war of words CNN Archived from the original on 4 June 2020 Retrieved 13 June 2020 Walsh Carly Cullen Simon 8 May 2020 The EU has admitted it let China censor an op ed by the bloc s ambassadors CNN Archived from the original on 9 January 2021 Retrieved 21 November 2020 EU draws criticism over consent to China censorship of coronavirus article Financial Times 7 May 2020 Archived from the original on 9 January 2021 Retrieved 25 November 2020 Kumar Isabelle Ruiz Trullols Laura 7 May 2020 EU regret after state run newspaper China Daily 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Retrieved 24 February 2022 突发 英媒宣称 研究证实新冠病毒是美国公司制造 BREAKING British media claims that research confirms that the new coronavirus was made by a US company China Daily in Simplified Chinese 24 March 2022 Retrieved 19 October 2022 Cockerell Isobel 25 March 2022 British homegrown conspiracies get Beijing s stamp of approval Coda Media Zhang Legu Echols William 1 April 2022 Made by Moderna China Spreads Yet Another Debunked COVID 19 Conspiracy Theory Polygraph info Ye Meng Thomas Peter 1 June 2020 Paternalism in China Daily s coverage of Chinese Muslims 2001 2015 Discourse amp Communication 14 3 314 331 doi 10 1177 1750481319893770 ISSN 1750 4813 S2CID 213982943 Hui Mary 8 January 2021 China praised itself for saving Uyghur women from being baby making machines Quartz Archived from the original on 9 January 2021 Retrieved 9 January 2021 Uygur women no longer baby making machines China boasts about birth rate dip The Week 8 January 2021 Retrieved 9 January 2021 Ordonez Victor 8 January 2021 Chinese Embassy tweet about Uighurs and birth rate draws instant condemnation ABC News Archived from the original on 9 January 2021 Retrieved 9 January 2021 Berrill Lewis 8 January 2021 Iain Duncan Smith blasts China over Uyghur detention camps East London and West Essex Guardian Archived from the original on 9 January 2021 Retrieved 9 January 2021 US Voices Disgust at China Boast of Uighur Population Control Barron s Agence France Presse 8 January 2021 Retrieved 9 January 2021 Twitter urged to act on China s violent propaganda about Uyghur Muslim women The Times of Israel 8 January 2021 Archived from the original on 9 January 2021 Retrieved 9 January 2021 Lee Timothy B 7 January 2021 Baby making machines Chinese tweet on Uighurs not against Twitter rules Ars Technica Archived from the original on 9 January 2021 Retrieved 9 January 2021 Lee Timothy B 9 January 2021 Twitter takes down China s baby making machines tweet on Uighur women Ars Technica Retrieved 9 January 2021 Goh Brenda 21 January 2021 Twitter locks account of China s U S embassy over its defence of Xinjiang policy Reuters Retrieved 21 January 2021 External links EditOfficial website Coordinates 39 58 48 N 116 25 26 E 39 980092 N 116 423802 E 39 980092 116 423802 China Daily Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title China Daily amp oldid 1149837207, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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