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Spondias pinnata

January 01, 1970

For other species also called hog plum, see Hog plum.

Spondias pinnata, sometimes also known as hog plum, is a species of tree with edible sour fruits. It is native to the Philippines and Indonesia, but has been widely naturalized in South Asia, Mainland Southeast Asia, Southern China, and the Solomon Islands.[2][3] It belongs to the family Anacardiaceae.[4][5][6] This species, among several others, has sometimes called the "wild (or forest) mango" in other languages and was once placed in the genus Mangifera. It is found in lowlands and hill forests up to 1,200 m (3,900 ft).[2]

Spondias pinnata
Leaves
Trunk of specimen in Cat Tien National Park
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Eudicots
Clade: Rosids
Order: Sapindales
Family: Anacardiaceae
Genus: Spondias
Species:
S. pinnata
Binomial name
Spondias pinnata
Synonyms
List
  • Spondias paniculata Roxb. ex Wight & Arn.
    Spondias mangifera Willd.
    Spondias macrophylla Wall.
    Spondias bivenomarginalis K.M. Feng & P.Y. Mao
    Spondias amara Lam.
    Spondias acuminata Roxb.
    Poupartia pinnata f. blanco
    Evia amara Comm. ex Bl.
    Mangifera pinnata L. f. [1]
    Tetrastigma megalocarpum W. T. Wang
    Wirtgenia decandra Jungh.

Description edit

Spondias pinnata is a deciduous tree, 10–15 metres (33–49 ft) tall (sometimes up to 25 metres (82 ft) in height); branchlets yellowish brown and glabrous.[2] The leaves are large, with pairs of leaflets (see illustration) on petioles that are 100–150 millimetres (3.9–5.9 in) and glabrous; leaf blades 300–400 millimetres (12–16 in), imparipinnately compound with 5-11 opposite leaflets; leaflet petiolule 3–5 millimetres (0.12–0.20 in); leaflet blade ovate-oblong to elliptic-oblong, 70–120 millimetres (2.8–4.7 in) × 40–50 millimetres (1.6–2.0 in), papery, glabrous on both sides, with margins that are serrate or entire; the apex is acuminate, lateral veins 12-25 pairs.

The inflorescence is paniculate, terminal, 250–350 millimetres (9.8–13.8 in) and glabrous, with basal first order branches 100–150 millimetres (3.9–5.9 in). The flowers are mostly sessile and small, white and glabrous; calyx lobes are triangular, approx. 0.5 millimetres (0.020 in). Petals are ovate-oblong, approximately 2.5 by 1.5 millimetres (0.098 in × 0.059 in); stamens are approximately 1.5 millimetres (0.059 in).

The fruit is a drupe ellipsoid to elliptic-ovoid, olive green becoming yellowish orange at maturity, 35–50 millimetres (1.4–2.0 in) × 25–35 millimetres (0.98–1.38 in); inner part of endocarp woody and grooved, outer part fibrous; mature fruit usually have 2 or 3 seeds. In China, it flowers from April–June and fruits from August–September.[2]

Vernacular names edit

Spondias pinnata may be called in:

Uses edit

The fruits have a sour taste and can be eaten raw or made into jams, jellies, or juices. They can also be used as feed for pigs (hence the common name "hog plum").[3]

In the Philippines, libas leaves and fruits are used as a souring agent in various native dishes like sinigang, sinanglay, or laing.[3]

In India, ambda pickle is made using quartered ambda fruits preserved in mustard oil, salt, and spices. Along with mango and chili pepper pickle, it is the most common type of pickle found in households in many parts of India.

Gallery edit

Spondias pinnata specimens from Kerala, India:

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See also edit

References edit

  1. ^ Suppl. Pl. 156. 1782
  2. ^ a b c d e "Spondias pinnata". Flora of China. 11: 339. Retrieved 8 March 2017.
  3. ^ a b c d Florido, Helen B.; Cortiguerra, Fe F. (2003). "Lesser Known Edible Tree Species" (PDF). Research Information Series on Ecosystems. 15 (3).
  4. ^ Kurz, 1875 In: Prelim. Rep. For. et Veg. Pegu. Append. A. 44, app. B. 42
  5. ^ Roskov Y.; Kunze T.; Orrell T.; Abucay L.; Paglinawan L.; Culham A.; Bailly N.; Kirk P.; Bourgoin T.; Baillargeon G.; Decock W.; De Wever A. (2014). Didžiulis V. (ed.). "Species 2000 & ITIS Catalogue of Life: 2014 Annual Checklist". Species 2000: Reading, UK. Retrieved 26 May 2014.
  6. ^ World Plants: Synonymic Checklists of the Vascular Plants of the World
  7. ^ LETI, Mathieu, HUL Sovanmoly, Jean-Gabriel FOUCHÉ, CHENG Sun Kaing, Bruno DAVID, Flore photographique du Cambodge, Paris: Privat, 2013, p. 63.
  8. ^ Heyne, Karel (1913). De nuttige planten van Nederlandsch-Indië (in Dutch). Buitenzorg: Museum voor Economische Botanie. pp. 135–6.
  9. ^ Klaus Wenk (1968). The restoration of Thailand under Rama I, 1782–1809. Association for Asian Studies/University of Arizona Press. p. 18.
  10. ^ William Warren (2002). Bangkok. Reaktion Books. p. 13.

January 01, 1970
spondias, pinnata, other, species, also, called, plum, plum, sometimes, also, known, plum, species, tree, with, edible, sour, fruits, native, philippines, indonesia, been, widely, naturalized, south, asia, mainland, southeast, asia, southern, china, solomon, i. For other species also called hog plum see Hog plum Spondias pinnata sometimes also known as hog plum is a species of tree with edible sour fruits It is native to the Philippines and Indonesia but has been widely naturalized in South Asia Mainland Southeast Asia Southern China and the Solomon Islands 2 3 It belongs to the family Anacardiaceae 4 5 6 This species among several others has sometimes called the wild or forest mango in other languages and was once placed in the genus Mangifera It is found in lowlands and hill forests up to 1 200 m 3 900 ft 2 Spondias pinnata Leaves Trunk of specimen in Cat Tien National Park Scientific classification Kingdom Plantae Clade Tracheophytes Clade Angiosperms Clade Eudicots Clade Rosids Order Sapindales Family Anacardiaceae Genus Spondias Species S pinnata Binomial name Spondias pinnata L f Kurz Synonyms List Spondias paniculata Roxb ex Wight amp Arn Spondias mangifera Willd Spondias macrophylla Wall Spondias bivenomarginalis K M Feng amp P Y MaoSpondias amara Lam Spondias acuminata Roxb Poupartia pinnata f blanco Evia amara Comm ex Bl Mangifera pinnata L f 1 Tetrastigma megalocarpum W T WangWirtgenia decandra Jungh Contents 1 Description 2 Vernacular names 3 Uses 4 Gallery 5 See also 6 ReferencesDescription editSpondias pinnata is a deciduous tree 10 15 metres 33 49 ft tall sometimes up to 25 metres 82 ft in height branchlets yellowish brown and glabrous 2 The leaves are large with pairs of leaflets see illustration on petioles that are 100 150 millimetres 3 9 5 9 in and glabrous leaf blades 300 400 millimetres 12 16 in imparipinnately compound with 5 11 opposite leaflets leaflet petiolule 3 5 millimetres 0 12 0 20 in leaflet blade ovate oblong to elliptic oblong 70 120 millimetres 2 8 4 7 in 40 50 millimetres 1 6 2 0 in papery glabrous on both sides with margins that are serrate or entire the apex is acuminate lateral veins 12 25 pairs The inflorescence is paniculate terminal 250 350 millimetres 9 8 13 8 in and glabrous with basal first order branches 100 150 millimetres 3 9 5 9 in The flowers are mostly sessile and small white and glabrous calyx lobes are triangular approx 0 5 millimetres 0 020 in Petals are ovate oblong approximately 2 5 by 1 5 millimetres 0 098 in 0 059 in stamens are approximately 1 5 millimetres 0 059 in The fruit is a drupe ellipsoid to elliptic ovoid olive green becoming yellowish orange at maturity 35 50 millimetres 1 4 2 0 in 25 35 millimetres 0 98 1 38 in inner part of endocarp woody and grooved outer part fibrous mature fruit usually have 2 or 3 seeds In China it flowers from April June and fruits from August September 2 Vernacular names editSpondias pinnata may be called in Burmese ဝ hwei or gwei Chinese 槟榔青 bing lang qing 2 Tagalog ᜎ ᜊᜐ romanized libas 3 Khmer pɷːn siː pʰlaɛ ព នស ផ ល or mekaʔ prẹj ម ក ក ព រ 7 Javanese and Malay Sundanese kedondong also for Spondias dulcis kloncing 8 Balinese kecemcem Kannada Amate Kaai Tamil Pulicha kaai meaning sour fruit in Sri Lanka it is also called Amberella citation needed although this more commonly refers to Spondias dulcis Thai makxk Makok eponym of the Thai capital Bangkok 9 10 Tulu and Konkani Ambade Vietnamese Coc rừng forest mango type fruit Assamese language Amora Malayalam Ambhazham Bengali আমড Amra Odia Ambda Lhotshamkha Bhutan Amara Nepali language LapsiUses editThe fruits have a sour taste and can be eaten raw or made into jams jellies or juices They can also be used as feed for pigs hence the common name hog plum 3 In the Philippines libas leaves and fruits are used as a souring agent in various native dishes like sinigang sinanglay or laing 3 In India ambda pickle is made using quartered ambda fruits preserved in mustard oil salt and spices Along with mango and chili pepper pickle it is the most common type of pickle found in households in many parts of India Gallery editSpondias pinnata specimens from Kerala India nbsp nbsp nbsp nbsp See also editSpondias purpurea jocote similar species from the Americas Spondias dulcis similar species native to Melanesia and PolynesiaReferences edit Suppl Pl 156 1782 a b c d e Spondias pinnata Flora of China 11 339 Retrieved 8 March 2017 a b c d Florido Helen B Cortiguerra Fe F 2003 Lesser Known Edible Tree Species PDF Research Information Series on Ecosystems 15 3 Kurz 1875 In Prelim Rep For et Veg Pegu Append A 44 app B 42 Roskov Y Kunze T Orrell T Abucay L Paglinawan L Culham A Bailly N Kirk P Bourgoin T Baillargeon G Decock W De Wever A 2014 Didziulis V ed Species 2000 amp ITIS Catalogue of Life 2014 Annual Checklist Species 2000 Reading UK Retrieved 26 May 2014 World Plants Synonymic Checklists of the Vascular Plants of the World LETI Mathieu HUL Sovanmoly Jean Gabriel FOUCHE CHENG Sun Kaing Bruno DAVID Flore photographique du Cambodge Paris Privat 2013 p 63 Heyne Karel 1913 De nuttige planten van Nederlandsch Indie in Dutch Buitenzorg Museum voor Economische Botanie pp 135 6 Klaus Wenk 1968 The restoration of Thailand under Rama I 1782 1809 Association for Asian Studies University of Arizona Press p 18 William Warren 2002 Bangkok Reaktion Books p 13 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Spondias pinnata amp oldid 1214595477, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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