Spondias is a genus of flowering plants in the cashew family, Anacardiaceae. The genus consists of 17 described species, 7 of which are native to the Neotropics and about 10 are native to tropical Asia. They are commonly named hog plums, Spanish plums, libas in Bikol and in some cases golden apples for their brightly colored fruit which resemble an apple or small plum at a casual glance. They are only distantly related to apple and plum trees, however. A more unequivocal common name is mombins.
WirtgeniaJungh. ex Hassk. (1844), not validly publ.
Spondias dulcis, fruit, section and seed
A theory regarding the name of the city of Bangkok, Thailand is that the name is derived from Thai: -มะกอกน้ำ; RTGS: makok nam 'water olive', the Thai name for the fruit of Spondias dulcis.[2] In Cambodia, Spondias pinnata is called /pɷːn siː pʰlaɛ/ (ពោនស៊ីផ្លែ) or /məkaʔ prẹj/ (ម្កាក់ព្រៃ),[3] and Spondias dulcis simply /məkaʔ/ (ម្កាក់). Spondias pinnata is called Pulicha kaai in the Tamil language, which means "sour fruit." It is also called "Amate Kaai" in the Kannada language, Ambade in Tulu and Konkani. In Sri Lanka it is called Amberella. In Bangladesh it is known as Aamra (আমড়া) and when served with seasonings it is a very popular street food.
They are deciduous or semi-evergreentrees growing to 25 m tall. The leaves are spirally arranged, pinnate, rarely bipinnate or simple. The fruit is a drupe similar to a small mango (in the related genus Mangifera), 4–10 cm long, ripening yellow or orange. It has a single seed.
The Malesian species of Spondias were revised by Ding Hou in 1978.[4] The most recently recognized species, Spondias testudinis, was described in 1998.[5]
As foodedit
Preserved ma-kok, sweet and sour with chili
About 10 species of Spondias bear edible fruits and have been domesticated for fruit production. These fruits are also consumed by herbivorous mammals such as deer.
In the Western Ghats of Karnataka flower buds and tender fruits are used in pickle preparation. In Thai cuisine both the fruits and the tender leaves are eaten. In Odisha its called ambada, the fruit is used as a souring agent in curries.
Selected speciesedit
As of January 2024[update], Plants of the World online accepts 18 species:[1]
Spondias admirabilisJ.D.Mitch. & Daly
Spondias bahiensisP.Carvalho, Van den Berg & M.Machado
^John D. Mitchell and Douglas C. Daly. 1998. "The "tortoise's cajá" - a new species of Spondias (Anacardiaceae) from southwestern Amazonia" Brittonia50( ):447-451.
External linksedit
Media related to Spondias at Wikimedia Commons
Data related to Spondias at Wikispecies
February 15, 2024
spondias, genus, flowering, plants, cashew, family, anacardiaceae, genus, consists, described, species, which, native, neotropics, about, native, tropical, asia, they, commonly, named, plums, spanish, plums, libas, bikol, some, cases, golden, apples, their, br. Spondias is a genus of flowering plants in the cashew family Anacardiaceae The genus consists of 17 described species 7 of which are native to the Neotropics and about 10 are native to tropical Asia They are commonly named hog plums Spanish plums libas in Bikol and in some cases golden apples for their brightly colored fruit which resemble an apple or small plum at a casual glance They are only distantly related to apple and plum trees however A more unequivocal common name is mombins SpondiasFruiting Spondias mombinScientific classificationKingdom PlantaeClade TracheophytesClade AngiospermsClade EudicotsClade RosidsOrder SapindalesFamily AnacardiaceaeSubfamily SpondiadoideaeGenus SpondiasL Type speciesSpondias mombinL 1753 SpeciesSee Selected speciesSynonyms 1 Chrysomelon G Forst ex A Gray 1854 pro syn Cytheraea Wight amp Arn 1834 nom provis Evia Comm ex Blume 1850 Monbin Mill 1754 Warmingia Engl 1874 nom rej Wirtgenia Jungh ex Hassk 1844 not validly publ Spondias dulcis fruit section and seedA theory regarding the name of the city of Bangkok Thailand is that the name is derived from Thai makxkna RTGS makok nam water olive the Thai name for the fruit of Spondias dulcis 2 In Cambodia Spondias pinnata is called pɷːn siː pʰlaɛ ព នស ផ ល or mekaʔ prẹj ម ក ក ព រ 3 and Spondias dulcis simply mekaʔ ម ក ក Spondias pinnata is called Pulicha kaai in the Tamil language which means sour fruit It is also called Amate Kaai in the Kannada language Ambade in Tulu and Konkani In Sri Lanka it is called Amberella In Bangladesh it is known as Aamra আমড and when served with seasonings it is a very popular street food Contents 1 Description 2 As food 3 Selected species 4 References 5 External linksDescription editThey are deciduous or semi evergreen trees growing to 25 m tall The leaves are spirally arranged pinnate rarely bipinnate or simple The fruit is a drupe similar to a small mango in the related genus Mangifera 4 10 cm long ripening yellow or orange It has a single seed The Malesian species of Spondias were revised by Ding Hou in 1978 4 The most recently recognized species Spondias testudinis was described in 1998 5 As food edit nbsp Preserved ma kok sweet and sour with chiliAbout 10 species of Spondias bear edible fruits and have been domesticated for fruit production These fruits are also consumed by herbivorous mammals such as deer In the Western Ghats of Karnataka flower buds and tender fruits are used in pickle preparation In Thai cuisine both the fruits and the tender leaves are eaten In Odisha its called ambada the fruit is used as a souring agent in curries Selected species editAs of January 2024 update Plants of the World online accepts 18 species 1 Spondias admirabilis J D Mitch amp Daly Spondias bahiensis P Carvalho Van den Berg amp M Machado Spondias bipinnata Airy Shaw amp Forman Spondias dulcis Parkinson Tahitian apple pommecythere Trinidad amp Tobago Spondias expeditionaria J D Mitch amp Daly Spondias globosa J D Mitch amp Daly Spondias macrocarpa Engl Spondias malayana Kosterm Spondias mombin L Yellow mombin gully plum Ashanti plum Java plum Spondias novoguineensis Kosterm Spondias pinnata L f Kurz Spondias purpurea L Jocote purple mombin red mombin ciruela siniguela sirigwela Spondias radlkoferi Donn Sm Spondias tefyi J D Mitch Daly amp Randrian Spondias testudinis J D Mitch amp Daly Spondias tuberosa Arruda Umbu imbu Brazil plum Spondias venulosa Mart ex Engl Engl Spondias xerophila Kosterm Selected synonyms include Spondias cytherea Sonn synonym of Spondias dulcis Spondias haplophylla Airy Shaw amp Forman synonym of Bouea oppositifolia Roxb Meisn Spondias indica Wight amp Arn Airy Shaw amp Forman synonym of Solenocarpus indicus Wight amp Arn Spondias lakonensis Pierre synonym of Allospondias lakonensis Pierre StapfReferences edit a b Spondias L Plants of the World Online Kew Science retrieved 1 January 2024 chnaelatablthitngwd Archived 2011 06 23 at the Wayback Machine watarun org accessed March 29 2011 LETI Mathieu HUL Sovanmoly Jean Gabriel FOUCHE CHENG Sun Kaing Bruno DAVID Flore photographique du Cambodge Paris Privat 2013 p 63 Flora Malesiana series 1 8 3 395 577 John D Mitchell and Douglas C Daly 1998 The tortoise s caja a new species of Spondias Anacardiaceae from southwestern Amazonia Brittonia 50 447 451 External links edit nbsp Media related to Spondias at Wikimedia Commons nbsp Data related to Spondias at Wikispecies Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Spondias amp oldid 1193125690, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
