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Sanming dialect

January 01, 1970

The Sanming dialect (Central Min: 三明事, Mandarin Chinese: 三明話) is a dialect of Central Min spoken in urban areas of Sanming, a prefecture-level city in Western Fujian Province, China.

Sanming
三明事
Pronunciation[sɔ̃ ˥˥˧ mã˦˩ ʃia˧]
Native toSouthern China
RegionSanming, Fujian
Early forms
Language codes
ISO 639-3–
GlottologNone
Linguasphere79-AAA-hbb
This article contains IPA phonetic symbols. Without proper rendering support, you may see question marks, boxes, or other symbols instead of Unicode characters. For an introductory guide on IPA symbols, see Help:IPA.

Phonology edit

The Sanming dialect has 18 initials, 37 rimes and 6 tones.

Initials edit

  • Initials /m, ŋ/ may also be heard as prenasal [mb, ŋɡ] in free variation. When the two initials are followed by non-nasalized rimes, they can be heard as voiced plosives [b, ɡ].
  • Palato-alveolar sounds /tʃ, tʃʰ, ʃ/ can also be heard as alveolo-palatal sounds [tɕ, tɕʰ, ɕ] in free variation among speakers.

Rimes edit

Open syllable Nasal coda Nasal vowel coda
Open mouth ɹ̩ ɛ ɒ a ɯ ø aɯ au am aiŋ m̩ ã ɔ̃
Even mouth i iɛ iɒ ia iɯ iau iamiaiŋ iã iɔ̃ ɛ̃
Closed mouth u uɛ ui o ŋ̍ uã
Round mouth y yi yɛ yo yaiŋ yã yɛ̃

Tones edit

No. 1 2 3 4 5 6
Tone name dark level
陰平 		light level
陽平 		dark rising
陰上 		light rising
陽上 		departing
去聲 		entering
入聲
Tone contour ˥˥˧ 553 ˦˩ 41 ˨˩ 21 ˨˩˧ 213 ˧ 33 ˩˨ 12

The entering tones in the Sanming dialect do not have any entering tone coda (入聲韻尾) such as /-ʔ/, /-p̚/, /-t̚/ and /-k̚/. This feature is quite different from many other Chinese dialects.

Notes edit

  1. ^ Min is believed to have split from Old Chinese, rather than Middle Chinese like other varieties of Chinese.[1][2][3]

References edit

  1. ^ Mei, Tsu-lin (1970), "Tones and prosody in Middle Chinese and the origin of the rising tone", Harvard Journal of Asiatic Studies, 30: 86–110, doi:10.2307/2718766, JSTOR 2718766
  2. ^ Pulleyblank, Edwin G. (1984), Middle Chinese: A study in Historical Phonology, Vancouver: University of British Columbia Press, p. 3, ISBN 978-0-7748-0192-8
  3. ^ Hammarström, Harald; Forkel, Robert; Haspelmath, Martin; Bank, Sebastian (2023-07-10). "Glottolog 4.8 - Min". Glottolog. Leipzig: Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology. doi:10.5281/zenodo.7398962. from the original on 2023-10-13. Retrieved 2023-10-13.
  • Compilation Commission of Chorography of Sanming City 福建省三明市地方志编纂委员会 (2002). San ming shi zhi 三明市志 ["Chorography of Sanming City"]. Vol. 53. Beijing: Fangzhi chubanshe 方志出版社 ["Chorography Press"]. ISBN 978-7-80122-619-8.
  • 吳, 瑞文 (Rui-Wen Wu) (2013). On the Grammatical Functions and Grammaticalization of tʰe5 in the Sanming Dialect [論三明方言tʰe5的語法功能及其語法化]. Language and Linguistics [語言暨語言學].

January 01, 1970
sanming, dialect, central, 三明事, mandarin, chinese, 三明話, dialect, central, spoken, urban, areas, sanming, prefecture, level, city, western, fujian, province, china, sanming三明事pronunciation, ʃia, native, tosouthern, chinaregionsanming, fujianlanguage, familysino. The Sanming dialect Central Min 三明事 Mandarin Chinese 三明話 is a dialect of Central Min spoken in urban areas of Sanming a prefecture level city in Western Fujian Province China Sanming三明事Pronunciation sɔ ma ʃia Native toSouthern ChinaRegionSanming FujianLanguage familySino Tibetan SiniticChineseMinInland MinCentral MinSanmingEarly formsProto Sino Tibetan Old Chinese a Proto MinLanguage codesISO 639 3 GlottologNoneLinguasphere79 AAA hbbThis article contains IPA phonetic symbols Without proper rendering support you may see question marks boxes or other symbols instead of Unicode characters For an introductory guide on IPA symbols see Help IPA Contents 1 Phonology 1 1 Initials 1 2 Rimes 1 3 Tones 2 Notes 3 ReferencesPhonology editThe Sanming dialect has 18 initials 37 rimes and 6 tones Initials edit Bilabial Alveolar Postalveolar Velar Nasal m n ŋ Stop Tenuis p t k Aspirated pʰ tʰ kʰ Affricate Tenuis ts tʃ Aspirated tsʰ tʃʰ Fricative s ʃ x Glide l Initials m ŋ may also be heard as prenasal mb ŋɡ in free variation When the two initials are followed by non nasalized rimes they can be heard as voiced plosives b ɡ Palato alveolar sounds tʃ tʃʰ ʃ can also be heard as alveolo palatal sounds tɕ tɕʰ ɕ in free variation among speakers Rimes edit Open syllable Nasal coda Nasal vowel coda Open mouth ɹ ɛ ɒ a ɯ o aɯ au am aiŋ m a ɔ Even mouth i iɛ iɒ ia iɯ iau iamiaiŋ ia iɔ ɛ Closed mouth u uɛ ui o ŋ ua Round mouth y yi yɛ yo yaiŋ ya yɛ Tones edit No 1 2 3 4 5 6 Tone name dark level陰平 light level陽平 dark rising陰上 light rising陽上 departing去聲 entering入聲 Tone contour 553 41 21 213 33 12 The entering tones in the Sanming dialect do not have any entering tone coda 入聲韻尾 such as ʔ p t and k This feature is quite different from many other Chinese dialects Notes edit Min is believed to have split from Old Chinese rather than Middle Chinese like other varieties of Chinese 1 2 3 References edit Mei Tsu lin 1970 Tones and prosody in Middle Chinese and the origin of the rising tone Harvard Journal of Asiatic Studies 30 86 110 doi 10 2307 2718766 JSTOR 2718766 Pulleyblank Edwin G 1984 Middle Chinese A study in Historical Phonology Vancouver University of British Columbia Press p 3 ISBN 978 0 7748 0192 8 Hammarstrom Harald Forkel Robert Haspelmath Martin Bank Sebastian 2023 07 10 Glottolog 4 8 Min Glottolog Leipzig Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology doi 10 5281 zenodo 7398962 Archived from the original on 2023 10 13 Retrieved 2023 10 13 Compilation Commission of Chorography of Sanming City 福建省三明市地方志编纂委员会 2002 San ming shi zhi三明市志 Chorography of Sanming City Vol 53 Beijing Fangzhi chubanshe 方志出版社 Chorography Press ISBN 978 7 80122 619 8 吳 瑞文 Rui Wen Wu 2013 On the Grammatical Functions and Grammaticalization of tʰe5 in the Sanming Dialect 論三明方言tʰe5的語法功能及其語法化 Language and Linguistics 語言暨語言學 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Sanming dialect amp oldid 1183929534, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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