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Leipzig

Leipzig (/ˈlpsɪɡ, -sɪx/ LYPE-sig, -⁠sikh,[4][5][6][7] German: [ˈlaɪptsɪç] (listen); Upper Saxon: Leibz'sch) is the most populous city in the German state of Saxony. Leipzig's population of 624,689 inhabitants (1.1 million[8] in the larger urban zone)[2] as of 2022[9][10] places the city as Germany's eighth most populous,[11] as well as the second most populous city in the area of the former East Germany after (East) Berlin. Together with Halle (Saale), the city forms the polycentric Leipzig-Halle Conurbation. Between the two cities (in Schkeuditz) lies Leipzig/Halle Airport.

Leipzig
Leibz'sch (Upper Saxon)
Clockwise from top: Leipzig market with Old Town Hall, Monument to the Battle of the Nations, New Town Hall and St Thomas' Church, Leipzig Main Station and Wintergarten high-rise, Cloth Hall (Gewandhaus) concert hall and Mende Fountain, Federal Administrative Court
Location of Leipzig
Leipzig
Leipzig
Coordinates: 51°20′24″N 12°22′30″E / 51.34000°N 12.37500°E / 51.34000; 12.37500Coordinates: 51°20′24″N 12°22′30″E / 51.34000°N 12.37500°E / 51.34000; 12.37500
CountryGermany
StateSaxony
DistrictUrban district
Government
 • Lord mayor (2020–27) Burkhard Jung[1] (SPD)
Area
 • City297.36 km2 (114.81 sq mi)
Population
 (2021-12-31)[3]
 • City601,866
 • Density2,000/km2 (5,200/sq mi)
 • Metro
1,001,220 (LUZ)[2]
Time zoneUTC+01:00 (CET)
 • Summer (DST)UTC+02:00 (CEST)
Postal codes
04001–04357
Dialling codes0341
Vehicle registrationL
Websitewww.leipzig.de

Leipzig is located about 160 km (100 mi) southwest of Berlin, in the southernmost part of the North German Plain (known as Leipzig Bay), at the confluence of the White Elster River (progression: SaaleElbeNorth Sea) and two of its tributaries: the Pleiße and the Parthe. The name of the city and those of many of its boroughs are of Slavic origin.

Leipzig has been a trade city since at least the time of the Holy Roman Empire.[12] The city sits at the intersection of the Via Regia and the Via Imperii, two important medieval trade routes. Leipzig's trade fair dates back to 1190. Between 1764 and 1945, the city was a center of publishing.[13] After the Second World War and during the period of the German Democratic Republic (East Germany) Leipzig remained a major urban centre in East Germany, but its cultural and economic importance declined.[13]

Events in Leipzig in 1989 played a significant role in precipitating the fall of communism in Central and Eastern Europe, mainly through demonstrations starting from St. Nicholas Church. The immediate effects of the reunification of Germany included the collapse of the local economy (which had come to depend on highly polluting heavy industry), severe unemployment, and urban blight. Starting around 2000, however, the decline was first arrested, then reversed, and since then Leipzig has seen many significant changes, including the restoration of major historical buildings, the demolition of derelict properties, and the development of new industries and a modern transport infrastructure.[14][15]

Leipzig is home to one of the oldest universities in Europe (Leipzig University). It is also one of two seats of the German National Library, as well as the seat of the German Federal Administrative Court. Leipzig was rated as the most livable city in Germany in 2013 by the GfK marketing research institution.[16] Leipzig Zoo is one of the most modern zoos in Europe and ranks first in Germany (2013) and second in Europe (2015).[17][18] Since Leipzig City Tunnel came into operation in 2013, Leipzig forms the centrepiece of the S-Bahn Mitteldeutschland public transit system.[19] Leipzig was in 2020 listed as a "Sufficiency" level global city by the Globalization and World Cities Research Network,[20] Germany's "Boomtown"[21] and was the 2019 Academy of Urbanism European City of the Year.[22][23]

Leipzig has long been a major centre for music, including classical and modern dark wave. The Thomanerchor (English: St. Thomas Choir of Leipzig), a boys' choir, was founded in 1212. The Leipzig Gewandhaus Orchestra, established in 1743, is one of the oldest symphony orchestras in the world. Johann Sebastian Bach and Felix Mendelssohn Bartholdy are two of several well-known composers who lived and worked in Leipzig. The University of Music and Theatre "Felix Mendelssohn Bartholdy" was founded in 1843. The Oper Leipzig, one of the most prominent opera houses in Germany, was founded in 1868. During a stay in Gohlis, which is now part of the city, Friedrich Schiller wrote his poem "Ode to Joy".

Etymology

Name

 
Leipzig in the 17th century

The name Leipzig is derived from the Slavic word Lipsk, which means "settlement where the linden trees (British English: lime trees; U.S. English: basswood trees) stand".[24] An older spelling of the name in English is Leipsic. The Latin name Lipsia was also used.[25] The name is cognate with Lipetsk (Липецк) in Russia and Liepāja in Latvia.[26]

 
Old Town Hall

In 1937 the Nazi government officially renamed the city Reichsmessestadt Leipzig (Reich Trade Fair City Leipzig).[27]

Since 1989 Leipzig has been informally dubbed "Hero City" (Heldenstadt), in recognition of the role that the Monday demonstrations there played in the fall of the East German regime – the name alludes to the honorary title awarded in the former Soviet Union to certain cities that played a key role in the victory of the Allies during the Second World War.[28] The common usage of this nickname for Leipzig up until the present is reflected, for example, in the name of a blog for local arts and culture, Heldenstadt.de.[29]

More recently, the city has sometimes been nicknamed the "Boomtown of eastern Germany", "Hypezig" or "The better Berlin" and is celebrated by the media as a hip urban centre for its vibrant lifestyle and creative scene with many startups.[30][31][32][33]

History

Origins

Leipzig was first documented in 1015 in the chronicles of Bishop Thietmar of Merseburg as urbs Libzi (Chronicon, VII, 25) and endowed with city and market privileges in 1165 by Otto the Rich. Leipzig Trade Fair, started in the Middle Ages, has become an event of international importance and is the oldest surviving trade fair in the world.

There are records of commercial fishing operations on the river Pleiße that, most likely, refer to Leipzig dating back to 1305, when the Margrave Dietrich the Younger granted the fishing rights to the church and convent of St Thomas.[34]

There were a number of monasteries in and around the city, including a Franciscan monastery after which the Barfußgäßchen (Barefoot Alley) is named and a monastery of Irish monks (Jacobskirche, destroyed in 1544) near the present day Ranstädter Steinweg (the old Via Regia).

The University of Leipzig was founded in 1409 and Leipzig developed into an important centre of German law and of the publishing industry in Germany, resulting, in the 19th and 20th centuries, with the Reichsgericht (Imperial Court of Justice) and the German National Library being located here.

During the Thirty Years' War, two battles took place in Breitenfeld, about 8 km (5.0 mi) outside Leipzig city walls. The first Battle of Breitenfeld took place in 1631 and the second in 1642. Both battles resulted in victories for the Swedish-led side.

On 24 December 1701, an oil-fueled street lighting system was introduced. The city employed light guards who had to follow a specific schedule to ensure the punctual lighting of the 700 lanterns.

19th century

 
Battle of Leipzig, 1813

The Leipzig region was the arena of the 1813 Battle of Leipzig between Napoleonic France and an allied coalition of Prussia, Russia, Austria and Sweden. It was the largest battle in Europe before the First World War and the coalition victory ended Napoleon's presence in Germany and would ultimately lead to his first exile on Elba. The Monument to the Battle of the Nations celebrating the centenary of this event was completed in 1913. In addition to stimulating German nationalism, the war had a major impact in mobilizing a civic spirit in numerous volunteer activities. Many volunteer militias and civic associations were formed, and collaborated with churches and the press to support local and state militias, patriotic wartime mobilization, humanitarian relief and postwar commemorative practices and rituals.[35]

When it was made a terminus of the first German long-distance railway to Dresden (the capital of Saxony) in 1839, Leipzig became a hub of Central European railway traffic, with Leipzig Hauptbahnhof the largest terminal station by area in Europe. The railway station has two grand entrance halls, the eastern one for the Royal Saxon State Railways and the western one for the Prussian state railways.

In the 19th century, Leipzig was a centre of the German and Saxon liberal movements.[36] The first German labor party, the General German Workers' Association (Allgemeiner Deutscher Arbeiterverein, ADAV) was founded in Leipzig on 23 May 1863 by Ferdinand Lassalle; about 600 workers from across Germany travelled to the foundation on the new railway. Leipzig expanded rapidly to more than 700,000 inhabitants. Huge Gründerzeit areas were built, which mostly survived both war and post-war demolition.

 
Augustusplatz with Leipzig Opera House, c. 1900

20th century

 
New Town Hall of Leipzig, built in 1905

With the opening of a fifth production hall in 1907, the Leipziger Baumwollspinnerei became the largest cotton mill company on the continent, housing over 240,000 spindles. Yearly production surpassed 5 million kilograms of yarn.[37]

During the 1930s and 1940s, music was prominent throughout Leipzig. Many students attended Felix Mendelssohn Bartholdy College of Music and Theatre (then named Landeskonservatorium.) However, in 1944, it was closed due to World War II. It re-opened soon after the war ended in 1945.

On 22 May 1930, Carl Friedrich Goerdeler was elected mayor of Leipzig. He later became an opponent of the Nazi regime.[38] He resigned in 1937 when, in his absence, his Nazi deputy ordered the destruction of the city's statue of Felix Mendelssohn. On Kristallnacht in 1938, the 1855 Moorish Revival Leipzig synagogue, one of the city's most architecturally significant buildings, was deliberately destroyed. Goerdeler was later executed by the Nazis on 2 February 1945.

Several thousand forced labourers were stationed in Leipzig during the Second World War.

Beginning in 1933, many Jewish citizens of Leipzig were members of the Gemeinde, a large Jewish religious community spread throughout Germany, Austria and Switzerland. In October 1935, the Gemeinde helped found the Lehrhaus (English: a house of study) in Leipzig to provide different forms of studies to Jewish students who were prohibited from attending any institutions in Germany. Jewish studies were emphasized and much of the Jewish community of Leipzig became involved.[39]

Like all other cities claimed by the Nazis, Leipzig was subject to aryanisation. Beginning in 1933 and increasing in 1939, Jewish business owners were forced to give up their possessions and stores. This eventually intensified to the point where Nazi officials were strong enough to evict the Jews from their own homes. They also had the power to force many of the Jews living in the city to sell their houses. Many people who sold their homes emigrated elsewhere, outside of Leipzig. Others moved to Judenhäuser, which were smaller houses that acted as ghettos, housing large groups of people.[39]

As with other cities in Europe during the Holocaust, the Jews of Leipzig were greatly affected by the Nuremberg Laws. However, due to the Leipzig Trade Fair and the international attention it garnered, Leipzig was especially cautious about its public image. Despite this, the Leipzig authorities were not afraid to strictly apply and enforce anti-semitic measures.[39] Shortly before Kristallnacht, Polish Jews living in the city were expelled.[39]

On 20 December 1937, after the Nazis took control of the city, they renamed it Reichsmessestadt Leipzig, meaning the "Imperial Trade Fair City Leipzig".[27] In early 1938, Leipzig saw an increase in Zionism through Jewish citizens. Many of these Zionists attempted to flee before deportations began.[39] On 28 October 1938, Heinrich Himmler ordered the deportation of Polish Jews from Leipzig to Poland.[39][40]

On 9 November 1938, as part of Kristallnacht, in Gottschedstrasse, synagogues and businesses were set on fire.[39] Only a couple of days later, on 11 November 1938, many Jews in the Leipzig area were deported to the Buchenwald Concentration Camp.[41] As World War II came to an end, much of Leipzig was destroyed. Following the war, the Communist Party of Germany (German: Kommunistische Partei Deutschlands, KPD) provided aid for the reconstruction of the city.[42]

 
Leipzig after bombing in the Second World War

In 1933, a census recorded that over 11,000 Jews were living in Leipzig. In the 1939 census, the number had fallen to roughly 4,500, and by January 1942 only 2,000 remained. In that month, these 2,000 Jews began to be deported.[39] On 13 July 1942, 170 Jews were deported from Leipzig to Auschwitz Concentration Camp. On 19 September 1942, 440 Jews were deported from Leipzig to Theresienstadt Concentration Camp. On 18 June 1943, the remaining 18 Jews still in Leipzig were deported from Leipzig to Auschwitz Concentration Camp. According to records of the two waves of deportations to Auschwitz there were no survivors. According to records of the Theresienstadt deportation, only 53 Jews survived.[39][43]

During World War II, Leipzig was repeatedly struck by Allied bombing raids, beginning in 1943 and lasting until 1945. The first raid occurred on the morning of 4 December 1943, when 442 bombers of the Royal Air Force (RAF) dropped a total amount of almost 1,400 tons of explosives and incendiaries on the city, destroying large parts of the city centre.[44] This bombing was the largest up to that time. Due to the close proximity of many of the buildings hit, a firestorm occurred. This prompted firefighters to rush to the city; however, they were unable to control the fires. Unlike the firebombing of the neighbouring city of Dresden, this was a largely conventional bombing with high explosives rather than incendiaries. The resultant pattern of loss was a patchwork, rather than wholesale loss of its centre, but was nevertheless extensive.

The Allied ground advance into Germany reached Leipzig in late April 1945. The U.S. 2nd Infantry Division and U.S. 69th Infantry Division fought their way into the city on 18 April and completed its capture after fierce urban action, in which fighting was often house-to-house and block-to-block, on 19 April 1945.[45] In April 1945 the SS Gruppenführer/Mayor of Leipzig Bruno Erich Alfred Freyberg, his wife and daughter; the Deputy Mayor/Treasurer of Leipzig, Ernest Kurt Lisso, his wife, daughter, and a Volkssturm Major Walter Dönicke committed suicide in Leipzig City Hall.

The United States turned the city over to the Red Army as it pulled back from the line of contact with Soviet forces in July 1945 to the designated occupation zone boundaries. Leipzig became one of the major cities of the German Democratic Republic (East Germany).

Following the end of World War II in 1945, Leipzig saw a slow return of Jews to the city.[39][46] They were joined by large numbers of German refugees who had been expelled from Central and Eastern Europe.[47]

In the mid-20th century, the city's trade fair assumed renewed importance as a point of contact with the Comecon Eastern Europe economic bloc, of which East Germany was a member. At this time, trade fairs were held at a site in the south of the city, near the Monument to the Battle of the Nations.

The planned economy of the German Democratic Republic, however, was not kind to Leipzig. Before the Second World War, Leipzig had developed a mixture of industry, creative business (notably publishing), and services (including legal services). During the period of the German Democratic Republic, services became the concern of the state, concentrated in East Berlin; creative business moved to West Germany; and Leipzig was left only with heavy industry. To make matters worse, this industry was extremely polluting, making Leipzig an even less attractive city to live in.[48] Between 1950 and the end of the German Democratic Republic, the population of Leipzig fell from 600,000 to 500,000.[15]

In October 1989, after prayers for peace at St. Nicholas Church, established in 1983 as part of the peace movement, the Monday demonstrations started as the most prominent mass protest against the East German government.[49][50] The reunification of Germany, however, was at first not good for Leipzig. The centrally planned heavy industry that had become the city's speciality was, in terms of the advanced economy of reunited Germany, almost completely unviable, and closed. Within only six years, 90% of jobs in industry had vanished.[15] As unemployment rocketed, the population fell dramatically; some 100,000 people left Leipzig in the ten years after reunification, and vacant and derelict housing became an urgent problem.[15]

Starting in 2000, an ambitious (and subsequently much-praised[by whom?]) urban-renewal plan first stopped Leipzig's decline and then reversed it. The plan focused on saving and improving as much as possible of the city's urban structure, especially its attractive historic downtown area and various architectural gems, and attracting new industries, partly through infrastructure improvement.[48][15]

21st century

Nowadays, Leipzig is an important economic centre in Germany. Since the 2010s, the city has been celebrated by the media as a hip urban centre with a very high quality of living.[21][51][52] It is often called "The new Berlin".[53] Leipzig is also Germany's fastest growing city.[54] Leipzig was the German candidate for the 2012 Summer Olympics, but was unsuccessful. After ten years of construction, the Leipzig City Tunnel opened on 14 December 2013.[55] Leipzig forms the centrepiece of the S-Bahn Mitteldeutschland public transit system, which operates in the four German states of Saxony, Saxony-Anhalt, Thuringia and Brandenburg.

Geography

 
White Elster in the Plagwitz district of Leipzig

Location

Leipzig lies at the confluence of the rivers White Elster, Pleiße and Parthe, in the Leipzig Bay, on the most southerly part of the North German Plain, which is the part of the North European Plain in Germany. The site is characterized by swampy areas such as the Leipzig Riverside Forest, though there are also some limestone areas to the north of the city. The landscape is mostly flat though there is also some evidence of moraine and drumlins.

Although there are some forest parks within the city limits, the area surrounding Leipzig is relatively unforested. During the 20th century, there were several open-cast mines in the region, many of which are being converted to use as lakes.[56] Also see: Neuseenland

Leipzig is also situated at the intersection of the ancient roads known as the Via Regia (King's highway), which traversed Germany in an east–west direction, and the Via Imperii (Imperial Highway), a north–south road.

Leipzig was a walled city in the Middle Ages and the current "ring" road around the historic centre of the city follows the line of the old city walls.

Subdivision

Since 1992 Leipzig has been divided administratively into ten Stadtbezirke (boroughs), which in turn contain a total of 63 Ortsteile (localities). Some of these correspond to outlying villages which have been annexed by Leipzig.

 
Stadtbezirke and Ortsteile of Leipzig
Stadtbezirke of Leipzig
Stadtbezirk Pop. (2020)[57] Area km2[58] Pop.
per km2
Ortsteile[59]
Mitte 65,912 13.96 4,721 Zentrum, Zentrum-Ost, Zentrum-Südost, Zentrum-Süd, Zentrum-West, Zentrum-Nordwest, Zentrum-Nord
Nordost 48,227 26.31 1,833 Schönefeld-Abtnaundorf, Schönefeld-Ost, Mockau-Süd, Mockau-Nord, Thekla, Plaußig-Portitz
Ost 85,519 40.73 2,100 Neustadt-Neuschönefeld, Volkmarsdorf, Anger-Crottendorf, Sellerhausen-Stünz, Paunsdorf, Heiterblick, Engelsdorf/Sommerfeld, Althen, Baalsdorf, Kleinpösna/Hirschfeld, Mölkau
Südost 62,506 34.72 1,800 Reudnitz-Thonberg, Stötteritz, Probstheida, Meusdorf, Holzhausen, Liebertwolkwitz
Süd 67,079 16.95 3,957 Südvorstadt, Connewitz, Marienbrunn, Lößnig, Dölitz-Dösen
Südwest 55,742 46.56 1,197 Schleußig, Plagwitz, Kleinzschocher, Großzschocher, Knautkleeberg-Knauthain, Hartmannsdorf-Knautnaundorf
West 54,190 14.69 3,689 Schönau, Grünau-Ost, Grünau-Mitte, Grünau-Siedlung, Lausen-Grünau, Grünau-Nord, Miltitz
Alt-West 59,643 26.21 2,276 Lindenau, Altlindenau, Neulindenau, Leutzsch, Böhlitz-Ehrenberg, Burghausen, Rückmarsdorf
Nordwest 34,710 39.07 888 Möckern, Wahren, Lindenthal, Breitenfeld, Lützschena, Stahmeln
Nord 71,878 38.61 1,862 Gohlis-Süd, Gohlis-Mitte, Gohlis-Nord, Eutritzsch, Seehausen, Göbschelwitz, Hohenheida, Gottscheina, Wiederitzsch

Neighbouring communities

Climate

Like many cities in Eastern Germany, Leipzig has an oceanic climate (Köppen: Cfb close to a Dfb [0 °C US isotherm]), with significant continental influences due to its inland location. Winters are cold, with an average temperature of around 1 °C (34 °F). Summers are generally warm, averaging at 19 °C (66 °F) with daytime temperatures of 24 °C (75 °F). Precipitation in winter is about half that of the summer. The amount of sunshine differs significantly between winter and summer, with an average of around 51 hours of sunshine in December (1.7 hours a day) compared with 229 hours of sunshine in July (7.4 hours a day).[60]

Climate data for Leipzig/Halle, Germany for 1981–2010, temperature records for 1973–2013, sunshine hours for 1991 to 2013 (Source: DWD)
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Record high °C (°F) 15.9
(60.6)
18.6
(65.5)
23.0
(73.4)
29.5
(85.1)
31.9
(89.4)
34.8
(94.6)
36.6
(97.9)
37.2
(99.0)
32.9
(91.2)
28.2
(82.8)
18.7
(65.7)
16.5
(61.7)
37.2
(99.0)
Average high °C (°F) 3.2
(37.8)
4.3
(39.7)
8.7
(47.7)
13.9
(57.0)
19.0
(66.2)
21.7
(71.1)
24.5
(76.1)
24.1
(75.4)
19.3
(66.7)
14.0
(57.2)
7.6
(45.7)
3.6
(38.5)
13.67
(56.61)
Daily mean °C (°F) 0.5
(32.9)
1.1
(34.0)
4.7
(40.5)
8.9
(48.0)
13.8
(56.8)
16.5
(61.7)
19.0
(66.2)
18.6
(65.5)
14.4
(57.9)
9.8
(49.6)
4.7
(40.5)
1.3
(34.3)
9.45
(49.01)
Average low °C (°F) −2.2
(28.0)
−2.0
(28.4)
1.1
(34.0)
4.1
(39.4)
8.5
(47.3)
11.5
(52.7)
13.8
(56.8)
13.6
(56.5)
10.1
(50.2)
6.2
(43.2)
2.0
(35.6)
−1.2
(29.8)
5.47
(41.85)
Record low °C (°F) −27.6
(−17.7)
−21.6
(−6.9)
−16.6
(2.1)
−6.5
(20.3)
−2.6
(27.3)
1.8
(35.2)
5.7
(42.3)
5.5
(41.9)
0.5
(32.9)
−6.7
(19.9)
−12.9
(8.8)
−20.2
(−4.4)
−27.6
(−17.7)
Average precipitation mm (inches) 31.9
(1.26)
26.3
(1.04)
38.8
(1.53)
39.6
(1.56)
46.9
(1.85)
54.8
(2.16)
68.9
(2.71)
63.1
(2.48)
49.9
(1.96)
31.0
(1.22)
43.4
(1.71)
39.8
(1.57)
534.10
(21.03)
Mean monthly sunshine hours 62.8 77.8 124.5 181.7 227.4 224.8 229.0 213.1 160.9 122.9 61.5 51.1 1,737.3
Source: Data derived from Deutscher Wetterdienst, note[61]

Politics

Mayor

 
Results of the second round of the 2020 mayoral election.

The first freely elected mayor after German reunification was Hinrich Lehmann-Grube of the Social Democratic Party (SPD), who served from 1990 to 1998. The mayor was originally chosen by the city council, but since 1994 has been directly elected. Wolfgang Tiefensee, also of the SPD, served from 1998 until his resignation in 2005 to become federal Minister of Transport. He was succeeded by fellow SPD politician Burkhard Jung, who was elected in January 2006 and re-elected in 2013 and 2020. The most recent mayoral election was held on 2 February 2020, with a runoff held on 1 March, and the results were as follows:

Candidate Party First round Second round
Votes % Votes %
Sebastian Gemkow Christian Democratic Union 72,427 31.6 107,611 47.6
Burkhard Jung Social Democratic Party 68,286 29.8 110,965 49.1
Franziska Riekewald The Left 31,036 13.5
Katharina Krefft Alliance 90/The Greens 27,481 12.0
Christoph Neumann Alternative for Germany 19,854 8.7
Katharina Subat Die PARTEI 5,467 2.4
Marcus Viefeld Free Democratic Party 2,739 1.2
Ute Elisabeth Gabelmann Pirate Party Germany 2,089 0.9 7,542 3.3
Valid votes 229,379 99.6 226,118 99.5
Invalid votes 822 0.4 1,235 0.5
Total 230,201 100.0 227,353 100.0
Electorate/voter turnout 469,225 49.1 469,269 48.4
Source: Wahlen in Sachsen

City council

 
Results of the 2019 city council election.
 
Winning party by locality in the 2019 city council election.

The most recent city council election was held on 26 May 2019, and the results were as follows:

Party Votes % +/- Seats +/-
The Left (Die Linke) 171,423 21.4   2.8 15   3
Alliance 90/The Greens (Grüne) 165,683 20.7   5.7 15   4
Christian Democratic Union (CDU) 140,585 17.5   7.5 13   6
Alternative for Germany (AfD) 119,616 14.9   8.5 11   7
Social Democratic Party (SPD) 99,022 12.4   5.9 9   4
Free Democratic Party (FDP) 38,481 4.8   1.9 3   1
Die PARTEI (PARTEI) 30,764 3.8   2.7 2   2
Voters Association Leipzig (WVL) 20,369 2.5   0.7 1 ±0
Pirate Party Germany (Piraten) 11,512 1.4   0.5 1 ±0
Leipzigers for Basic Income 4,297 0.5 New 0 New
Valid votes 274,916 98.7
Invalid votes 3,751 1.3
Total 278,667 100.0 70 ±0
Electorate/voter turnout 466,442 59.7   17.9
Source: Wahlen in Sachsen

Bundestag

Leipzig is represented in the Bundestag by three constituencies; Leipzig I, Leipzig II and Leipzig-Land.

Demographics

 
Population development since 1200
 
Typically dense cityscape of Leipzig old town, view from the new town hall. Buildings from left to right: Gondwanaland of Leipzig Zoo, St. Thomas Church, Headquarters of Sparkasse Leipzig Bank, The Westin Hotel and Museum of Fine Arts to the right.
Historical population
YearPop.±%
15079,000—    
160020,000+122.2%
175035,000+75.0%
185266,686+90.5%
1875127,387+91.0%
1890295,025+131.6%
1900456,124+54.6%
1910589,850+29.3%
1920620,000+5.1%
1930718,200+15.8%
1935699,300−2.6%
1940709,100+1.4%
1945581,528−18.0%
1955613,707+5.5%
1960589,632−3.9%
1965595,660+1.0%
1970583,885−2.0%
1980562,480−3.7%
1990511,079−9.1%
1995470,778−7.9%
2000493,208+4.8%
2005502,651+1.9%
2010522,883+4.0%
2015560,472+7.2%
2018587,857+4.9%
2020597,493+1.6%
Population size may be affected by changes in administrative divisions.

Leipzig has a population of about 600,000. In 1930, the population reached its historical peak of over 700,000. It decreased steadily from 1950 to about 530,000 in 1989. In the 1990s, the population decreased rather rapidly to 437,000 in 1998. This reduction was mostly due to outward migration and suburbanisation. After almost doubling the city area by incorporation of surrounding towns in 1999, the number stabilised and started to rise again, with an increase of 1,000 in 2000.[62] As of 2015, Leipzig is the fastest-growing city in Germany with over 500,000 inhabitants.[63] The growth of the past 10–15 years has mostly been due to inward migration. In recent years, inward migration accelerated, reaching an increase of 12,917 in 2014.[64]

In the years following German reunification, many people of working age took the opportunity to move to the states of the former West Germany to seek employment opportunities. This was a contributory factor to falling birth rates. Births dropped from 7,000 in 1988 to less than 3,000 in 1994.[65] However, the number of children born in Leipzig has risen since the late 1990s. In 2011, it reached 5,490 births resulting in a RNI of −17.7 (−393.7 in 1995).[66]

The unemployment rate decreased from 18.2% in 2003 to 9.8% in 2014 and 7.6% in June 2017.[67][68][69]

The percentage of the population from an immigrant background is low compared with other German cities. As of 2012, only 5.6% of the population were foreigners, compared to the German national average of 7.7%.[70]

The number of people with an immigrant background (immigrants and their children) grew from 49,323 in 2012 to 77,559 in 2016, making them 13.3% of the city's population (Leipzig's population 579,530 in 2016).[71]

The largest minorities (first and second generation) in Leipzig by country of origin as of 31.12.2018 are:[72]

Rank Ancestry Total Foreigners Germans
1   Syria 9,059 8,523 536
2   Russia 8,773 3,214 5,559
3   Poland 5,019 3,006 2,013
4   Romania 4,161 3,675 486
5   Ukraine 3,491 2,245 1,246
6   Vietnam 3,430 2,403 1,027
7   Iraq 2,816 2,104 712
8   Turkey 2,467 1,549 218
9   Kazakhstan 2,244 246 1,998
10   Afghanistan 2,171 1,916 255
11   Italy 1,983 1,564 419
12   Hungary 1,814 1,349 465
13   Bulgaria 1,615 1,238 377
14   France 1,544 1,016 528
15   China 1,465 1,254 211

Culture, sights and cityscape

In the last decade, Leipzig has become known for its numerous cultural and nightlife institutions, earning the nickname Hypezig, earning the city comparisons to 1990s and early 2000s Berlin. The affordability, diversity and openness of the city have attracted many young people from across Europe, leading to a trendsetting alternative atmosphere, resulting in an innovative music, dance and art scene that has developed in the 2010s.[73]

Young people, musicians, artists, designers and entrepreneurs continued to settle in the city and made Leipzig a growing cultural center in Germany and Europe recalling the larger Berlin.[74]

The growing cultural performance of the city was underscored by the city's population has grown by more than 50,000 people over the last five years alone, many of whom are young people in the creative class.[73]

Architecture

 
Palais Roßbach, one of the many Gründerzeit buildings in Leipzig
 
Mädler Passage, one of 24 covered passages in Leipzig city centre

The historic central area of Leipzig features a Renaissance-style ensemble of buildings from the sixteenth century, including the old city hall in the marketplace. There are also several baroque period trading houses and former residences of rich merchants. As Leipzig grew considerably during the economic boom of the late-nineteenth century, the town has many buildings in the historicist style representative of the Gründerzeit era. Approximately 35% of Leipzig's flats are in buildings of this type. The new city hall, completed in 1905, is built in the same style.

Some 64,000 apartments in Leipzig were built in Plattenbau buildings during Communist rule in East Germany.[75] and although some of these have been demolished and the numbers living in this type of accommodation have declined in recent years, at least 10% of Leipzig's population (50,000 people) are still living in Plattenbau accommodation.[76] Grünau, for example, has approximately 40,000 people living in this sort of accommodation.[77]

The St. Paul's Church was destroyed by the Communist government in 1968 to make room for a new main building for the university. After some debate, the city decided to establish a new, mainly secular building at the same location, called Paulinum, which was completed in 2012. Its architecture alludes to the look of the former church and it includes space for religious use by the faculty of theology, including the original altar from the old church and two newly built organs.

Many commercial buildings were built in the 1990s as a result of tax breaks after German reunification.

Tallest buildings and structures

The tallest structure in Leipzig is the chimney of the Stahl- und Hartgusswerk Bösdorf GmbH with a height of 205 m (673 ft). With 142 m (466 ft). The tallest building in Leipzig is the City-Hochhaus Leipzig. From 1972 to 1973 it was Germany's tallest building.

Buildings and structures Image Height in metres Year Notes
Chimney of Stahl- und Hartgusswerk Bösdorf GmbH   205 1984
Funkturm Leipzig   191 2015
DVB-T-Sendeturm   190 1986
4 x Wind turbine Nordex N100   190 2013
City-Hochhaus Leipzig   142 1972 Total height 153 m, tallest building in former East Germany. Headquarters of European Energy Exchange.
Fernmeldeturm Leipzig   132 1995
Tower of New Town Hall   115 1905 Tallest town hall in Germany
Wintergartenhochhaus   106.8 1972 Used as residential tower
The Westin Leipzig [de]   95 1972 Hotel with skybar and restaurant
Monument to the Battle of the Nations   91 1913 Tallest monument in Europe.
St. Peters'   88.5 1885 Leipzig's tallest church.
MDR-Hochhaus   65 2000 MDR is one of Germany's public broadcasters.
Hochhaus Löhr's Carree   65 1997 Headquarters of Sachsen Bank and Sparkasse Leipzig.
Center Torgauer Platz   63 1995
Europahaus   56 1929 Headquarters of Stadtwerke Leipzig

Museums and the arts

One of the highlights of the city's contemporary arts was the Neo Rauch retrospective opening in April 2010 at the Leipzig Museum of Fine Arts. This is a show devoted to the father of the New Leipzig School[78][79] of artists. According to The New York Times,[80] this scene "has been the toast of the contemporary art world" for the past decade. In addition, there are eleven galleries in the so-called Spinnerei.[81]

The Grassi Museum complex contains three more of Leipzig's major collections:[82] the Ethnography Museum, Applied Arts Museum and Musical Instrument Museum (the last of which is run by the University of Leipzig). The university also runs the Museum of Antiquities.[83]

Founded in March 2015, the G2 Kunsthalle houses the Hildebrand Collection.[84] This private collection focuses on the so-called New Leipzig School. Leipzig's first private museum dedicated to contemporary art in Leipzig after the turn of the millennium is located in the city centre close to the famous St. Thomas Church on the third floor of the former GDR processing centre.[85]

Other museums in Leipzig include the following:

  • The German Museum of Books and Writing is the world's oldest museum of its kind, founded in 1884.
  • The Egyptian Museum of the University of Leipzig comprises a collection of about 7,000 artefacts from several millennia.
  • The Schillerhaus is the house where Schiller lived in summer 1785.
  • The Zeitgeschichtliches Forum Leipzig (Forum of Contemporary History) shows the history of the German division and the everyday life in the socialist German Democratic Republic.
  • Naturkundemuseum Leipzig is the city's natural history museum.
  • The Leipzig Panometer is a visual panorama displayed inside a former gasometer, accompanied by a thematic exhibition.
  • The "Museum in der Runden Ecke" is the best known museum in the city. It deals with the operation of the Stasi State Security of former East Germany.
  • Johann Sebastian Bach lived from 1723 until his death in Leipzig. The Bach Archive is an institution for the documentation and research of his life and work.
  • Mendelssohn House, home of Felix Mendelssohn from 1845 until his death in 1847.
  • Schumann House, home of Robert and Clara Schumann from 1840 to 1844.

Main sights

Churches

  • St. Thomas's Church (Thomaskirche): Most famous as the place where Johann Sebastian Bach worked as a cantor and home to the renowned boys choir Thomanerchor. A monument to Felix Mendelssohn stands in front of this church. Destroyed by the Nazis in 1936, the statue was re-erected on 18 October 2008.
  • St. Nicholas's Church (Nikolaikirche), for which Bach was also responsible. The weekly Montagsgebet (Monday prayer) held here became the starting point of peaceful Monday demonstrations against the DDR regime in the 1980s.
  • St. Peter's has the highest tower of any church in Leipzig, at 87 m (285 ft).
  • The new Propsteikirche, opened in 2015.
  • The Continental Reformed Church of Leipzig (Evangelisch-reformierte Kirche) is one of the most prominent buildings on the Leipzig Innercity ring.
  • The Russian Church of Leipzig is the Russian Orthodox church of Leipzig.
  • St. Michael's Church is one of the landmarks of Gohlis district.

Parks and lakes

Leipzig is well known for its large parks. The Leipziger Auwald (riparian forest) lies mostly within the city limits. Neuseenland is an area south of Leipzig where old open-cast mines are being converted into a huge lake district. It is planned to be finished in 2060.

  • Leipzig Botanical Garden is the oldest of its kind in Germany. It contains a total of some 7,000 plant species, of which nearly 3,000 species comprise ten special collections.
  • Johannapark and Clara-Zetkin-Park are the most prominent parks in the Leipzig city centre (Leipzig-Mitte).
  • Leipziger Auwald covers a total area of approx. 2,500 hectares. The Rosental is a park in the north of the forest and borders Leipzig Zoo.
  • Wildpark in Connewitz, showing 25 species.

Music

Johann Sebastian Bach spent the longest phase of his career in Leipzig, from 1723 until his death in 1750, conducting the Thomanerchor (St. Thomas Church Choir), at the St. Thomas Church, the St. Nicholas Church and the Paulinerkirche, the university church of Leipzig (destroyed in 1968). The composer Richard Wagner was born in Leipzig in 1813, in the Brühl. Robert Schumann was also active in Leipzig music, having been invited by Felix Mendelssohn when the latter established Germany's first musical conservatoire in the city in 1843. Gustav Mahler was second conductor (working under Artur Nikisch) at the Leipzig Opera from June 1886 until May 1888, and achieved his first significant recognition while there by completing and publishing Carl Maria von Weber's opera Die Drei Pintos. Mahler also completed his own 1st Symphony while living in Leipzig.

Today the conservatory is the University of Music and Theatre Leipzig.[87] A broad range of subjects are taught, including artistic and teacher training in all orchestral instruments, voice, interpretation, coaching, piano chamber music, orchestral conducting, choir conducting and musical composition in various musical styles. The drama departments teach acting and scriptwriting.

The Bach-Archiv Leipzig, an institution for the documentation and research of the life and work of Bach (and also of the Bach family), was founded in Leipzig in 1950 by Werner Neumann. The Bach-Archiv organizes the prestigious International Johann Sebastian Bach Competition, initiated in 1950 as part of a music festival marking the bicentennial of Bach's death. The competition is now held every two years in three changing categories. The Bach-Archiv also organizes performances, especially the international festival Bachfest Leipzig (de) and runs the Bach-Museum.

The city's musical tradition is also reflected in the worldwide fame of the Leipzig Gewandhaus Orchestra, under its chief conductor Andris Nelsons, and the Thomanerchor.

The MDR Leipzig Radio Symphony Orchestra is Leipzig's second largest symphony orchestra. Its current chief conductor is Kristjan Järvi. Both the Gewandhausorchester and the MDR Leipzig Radio Symphony Orchestra make use of in the Gewandhaus concert hall.

For over sixty years Leipzig has been offering a "school concert"[88] programme for children in Germany, with over 140 concerts every year in venues such as the Gewandhaus and over 40,000 children attending.

As for contemporary music, Leipzig is known for its independent music scene and subcultural events. Leipzig has for twenty years been home to the world's largest Gothic festival, the annual Wave-Gotik-Treffen (WGT), where thousands of fans of gothic and dark styled music from across Europe and the world gather in the early summer. The first Wave Gotik Treffen was held at the Eiskeller club, today known as Conne Island, in the Connewitz district. Mayhem's notorious album Live in Leipzig was also recorded at the Eiskeller club. Leipzig Pop Up is an annual music trade fair for the independent music scene as well as a music festival taking place on Pentecost weekend.[89] Its most famous indie-labels are Moon Harbour Recordings (House) and Kann Records (House/Techno/Psychedelic). Several venues offer live music on a daily basis, including the Moritzbastei[90] which was once part of the city's fortifications, and is one of the oldest student clubs in Europe with concerts in various styles. For over 15 years "Tonelli's"[91] has been offering free weekly concerts every day of the week, though door charges may apply Saturdays.

Die Prinzen ("The Princes") is a German band founded in Leipzig. With almost 6 million records sold, they are one of the most successful German bands.

The cover photo for the Beirut band's 2005 album Gulag Orkestar, according to the sleeve notes, was stolen from a Leipzig library by Zach Condon.

The city of Leipzig is also the birthplace of Till Lindemann, best known as the lead vocalist of Rammstein, a band formed in 1994.

Annual events

Food and drink

  • An all-season local dish is Leipziger Allerlei, a stew consisting of seasonal vegetables and crayfish.
  • Leipziger Lerche is a shortcrust pastry dish filled with crushed almonds, nuts and strawberry jam; the name ("Leipzig lark") comes from a lark pâté which was a Leipzig speciality until the banning of songbird hunting in Saxony in 1876.
  • Gose is a locally brewed top-fermenting sour beer that originated in the Goslar region and in the 18th century became popular in Leipzig.

Sports

More than 300 sport clubs in the city represent 78 different disciplines. Over 400 athletic facilities are available to citizens and club members.[98]

Football

 
The Red Bull Arena from above. Home of RB Leipzig.

The German Football Association (DFB) was founded in Leipzig in 1900. The city was the venue for the 2006 FIFA World Cup draw, and hosted four first-round matches and one match in the round of 16 in the central stadium.

VfB Leipzig won the first national Association football championship in 1903. The club was dissolved in 1946 and the remains reformed as SG Probstheida. The club was eventually reorganized as football club 1. FC Lokomotive Leipzig in 1966. 1. FC Lokomotive Leipzig has had a glorious past in international competition as well, having been champions of the 1965–66 Intertoto Cup, semi-finalists in the 1973–74 UEFA Cup, and runners-up in the 1986–87 European Cup Winners' Cup.

Red Bull entered the local football in May 2009, after having previously been denied the right to buy into FC Sachsen Leipzig in 2006. The newly founded RB Leipzig declared the intention to come up through the ranks of German football and to bring Bundesliga football back to the region.[99] RB Leipzig was finally promoted to the top level of the Bundesliga after finishing the 2015–16 2. Bundesliga season as runners-up. The club finished runners-up in its first ever Bundesliga season and made its debut in the UEFA Champions League in 2017 and the Semi-Final in 2020.

List of Leipzig men and women's football clubs playing at state level and above:

Club Founded League Level Home ground Capacity
RB Leipzig 2009 Bundesliga 1 Red Bull Arena 47,069
RB Leipzig (women) 20161 2. Frauen-Bundesliga 2 Sportanlage Gontardweg 1,300
1. FC Lokomotive Leipzig 2003 Regionalliga Nordost 4 Bruno-Plache-Stadion 7,000
BSG Chemie Leipzig 19972 Regionalliga Nordost 4 Alfred-Kunze-Sportpark 4,999
FC International Leipzig 2013 NOFV-Oberliga Süd 5 Sportpark Tresenwald 1,500
Roter Stern Leipzig (de) 1999 Landesklasse Sachsen Nord 7 Sportpark Dölitz 1,200

Note 1: The RB Leipzig women's football team was formed in 2016 and began play in the 2016–17 season.
Note 2: The club began play in the 2008–09 season.

Ice hockey

Since the beginning of the 20th century, ice hockey has gained popularity, and several local clubs established departments dedicated to that sport.[100]

Handball

SC DHfK Leipzig is the men's handball club in Leipzig and were six times (1959, 1960, 1961, 1962, 1965 and 1966) the champion of East Germany handball league and was winner of EHF Champions League in 1966. They finally promoted to Handball-Bundesliga as champions of 2. Bundesliga in 2014–15 season. They play in the Arena Leipzig which has a capacity of 6,327 spectators in HBL games but can take up to 7,532 spectators for handball in maximum capacity.

Handball-Club Leipzig is one of the most successful women's handball clubs in Germany, winning 21 domestic championships since 1953 and 2 Champions League titles. The team was however relegated to the third tier league in 2017 due to failing to achieve the economic standard demanded by the league licence.

American football

Leipzig Kings is an American football team playing in the European League of Football (ELF), which is a planned professional league, that is set to become the first fully professional league in Europe since the demise of NFL Europe.[101] The Kings will start playing games against teams from Germany, Spain and Poland in June 2021.[102] They play their home games at Alfred-Kunze-Sportpark.

Other sports

 
The artificial whitewater course Kanupark Markkleeberg at Markkleeberger See

From 1950 to 1990 Leipzig was host of the Deutsche Hochschule für Körperkultur (DHfK, German College of Physical Culture), the national sports college of the GDR.

Leipzig also hosted the Fencing World Cup in 2005 and hosts a number of international competitions in a variety of sports each year.

Leipzig made a bid to host the 2012 Summer Olympics. The bid did not make the shortlist after the International Olympic Committee pared the bids down to 5.

Markkleeberger See is a new lake next to Markkleeberg, a suburb on the south side of Leipzig. A former open-pit coal mine, it was flooded in 1999 with groundwater and developed in 2006 as a tourist area. On its southeastern shore is Germany's only pump-powered artificial whitewater slalom course, Markkleeberg Canoe Park (Kanupark Markkleeberg), a venue which rivals the Eiskanal in Augsburg for training and international canoe/kayak competition.

Leipzig Rugby Club competes in the German Rugby Bundesliga but finished at the bottom of their group in 2013.[103]

Leipzig hosted the Indoor Hockey World Cup in 2015. All matches were played in Leipzig Arena, with the Netherlands coming out victorious in both the men's and women's tournaments.

Education

 

University

Leipzig University, founded 1409, is one of Europe's oldest universities. Karl Bücher, a German economist, founded the Institut für Zeitungswissenschaften (Institute for Newspaper Science) at the University of Leipzig in 1916. It was the first institute of its kind to be established in Europe, and it marks the commencement of academic study of media communication in Germany.[104]

Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz, a philosopher and mathematician, was born in Leipzig in 1646, and attended the university from 1661 to 1666. Nobel Prize laureate Werner Heisenberg worked at the university as a physics professor (from 1927 to 1942), as did Nobel Prize laureates Gustav Ludwig Hertz (physics), Wilhelm Ostwald (chemistry) and Theodor Mommsen (Nobel Prize in literature). The 2022 Nobel Prize in Physiology and Medicine went to Svante Pääbo, an honorary professor at the university. Other former university staff include mineralogist Georg Agricola, writer Gotthold Ephraim Lessing, philosopher Ernst Bloch, founder of psychophysics Gustav Theodor Fechner, and founder of modern psychology, Wilhelm Wundt. The university's notable former students include writers Johann Wolfgang Goethe and Erich Kästner, philosopher Friedrich Nietzsche, political activist Karl Liebknecht, and composer Richard Wagner. Angela Merkel, former German chancellor, studied physics at Leipzig University.[105] The university has about 30,000 students.

A part of Leipzig University is the German Institute for Literature which was founded in 1955 under the name "Johannes R. Becher-Institut". Many noted writers have graduated from this school, including Heinz Czechowski, Kurt Drawert, Adolf Endler, Ralph Giordano, Kerstin Hensel, Sarah and Rainer Kirsch, Angela Krauß, Erich Loest, and Fred Wander. After its closure in 1990 the institute was refounded in 1995 with new teachers.

Visual arts and theatre

The Academy of Visual Arts (Hochschule für Grafik und Buchkunst) was established in 1764. Its 600 students (as of 2018) are enrolled in courses in painting and graphics, book design/graphic design, photography and media art. The school also houses an Institute for Theory.

The University of Music and Theatre offers a broad range of subjects ranging from training in orchestral instruments, voice, interpretation, coaching, piano chamber music, orchestral conducting, choir conducting and musical composition to acting and scriptwriting.

University of Applied Science

The Leipzig University of Applied Sciences (HTWK)[106] has approximately 6,200 students (as of 2007) and is (as of 2007) the second biggest institution of higher education in Leipzig. It was founded in 1992, merging several older schools. As a university of applied sciences (German: Fachhochschule) its status is slightly below that of a university, with more emphasis on the practical parts of education. The HTWK offers many engineering courses, as well as courses in computer science, mathematics, business administration, librarianship, museum studies, and social work. It is mainly located in the south of the city.

Leipzig Graduate School

The private Leipzig Graduate School of Management, (in German Handelshochschule Leipzig (HHL)), is the oldest business school in Germany. According to The Economist, HHL is one of the best schools in the world, ranked at number six overall.[107][108]

Research institutes

Leipzig is currently the home of twelve research institutes and the Saxon Academy of Sciences and Humanities.

Max Planck Society: Max Planck Institute for Mathematics in the Sciences, Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, and Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology.

Fraunhofer Society institutes: Fraunhofer IZI and Fraunhofer IMW.

Helmholtz Association of German Research Centres: Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research

Deutsches Biomasseforschungszentrum – DBFZ

Leibniz Association: Leibniz-Institute for Tropospheric Research, Leibniz-Institute IOM, Leibniz-Institute for the History and Culture of Eastern Europe, Leibniz-Institute IfL, Leibniz-Institute Jewish history.

Others

Leipzig is home to one of the world's oldest schools, Thomasschule zu Leipzig (St. Thomas' School, Leipzig), which gained fame for its long association with the Bach family of musicians and composers.

The Lutheran Theological Seminary is a seminary of the Evangelical Lutheran Free Church in Leipzig.[109][110] The seminary trains students to become pastors for the Evangelical Lutheran Free Church or for member church bodies of the Confessional Evangelical Lutheran Conference.[111]

Economy

The city is a location for automobile manufacturing by BMW and Porsche in large plants north of the city. In 2011 and 2012 DHL transferred the bulk of its European air operations from Brussels Airport to Leipzig/Halle Airport. Kirow Ardelt AG, the world market leader in breakdown cranes, is based in Leipzig. The city also houses the European Energy Exchange, the leading energy exchange in Central Europe. VNG – Verbundnetz Gas AG, one of Germany's large natural gas suppliers, is headquartered at Leipzig. In addition, inside its larger metropolitan area, Leipzig has developed an important petrochemical center.

Some of the largest employers in the area (outside of manufacturing) include software companies such as Spreadshirt and the various schools and universities in and around the Leipzig/Halle region. The University of Leipzig attracts millions of euros of investment yearly and celebrated its 600th birthday in 2009.

Leipzig also benefits from world-leading medical research (Leipzig Heart Centre) and a growing biotechnology industry.[112]

Many bars, restaurants and stores in the downtown area are patronized by German and foreign tourists. Leipzig Main Train Station is the location of a shopping mall.[113] Leipzig is one of Germany's most visited cities with over 3 million overnight stays in 2017.[114]

In 2010, Leipzig was included in the top 10 cities to visit by The New York Times,[80] and ranked 39th globally out of 289 cities for innovation in the 4th Innovation Cities Index published by Australian agency 2thinknow.[115] In 2015, Leipzig have among the 30 largest German cities the third best prospects for the future.[116] In recent years Leipzig has often been nicknamed the "Boomtown of eastern Germany" or "Hypezig".[31] As of 2013 it had the highest rate of population growth of any German city.[32]

Companies with operations in or around Leipzig include:

Socio-ecological infrastructure

Leipzig has a dense network of socio-ecological infrastructures. Worth mentioning in the food sector are the Fairteiler of foodsharing[117] and the numerous Community-supported agricultures,[118] in the textile sector the Umsonstladen in Plagwitz,[119] in the bicycle self-help workshops the Radsfatz,[120] in the computer sector the Hackerspace Die Dezentrale[121] and in the repair sector the Café kaputt.[122]

Media

 
MDR, one of Germany's public broadcasters
  • MDR, one of Germany's public broadcasters, has its headquarters and main television studios in the city. It provides programmes to various TV and radio networks and has its own symphony orchestra, choir and a ballet.
  • Leipziger Volkszeitung (LVZ) is the city's only daily newspaper. Founded in 1894, it has published under several different forms of government. The monthly magazine Kreuzer specializes in culture, festivities and the arts in Leipzig. Leipzig was also home to the world's first daily newspaper in modern times. The "Einkommende Zeitungen" were first published in 1650.[123]
  • Leipzig has one daily or semi-daily English-language publication, The Leipzig Glocal. It is an online-based magazine and blog that caters to an international as well as local audience.[124] Besides publishing pages on jobs, doctors and movies available in English and other languages, the site's team of authors writes articles about lifestyle, arts & culture, politics, entertainment, Leipzig events, etc.[125]
  • Once known for its large number of publishing houses, Leipzig had been called Buch-Stadt (book city),[126] the most notable of them being branches of Brockhaus and Insel Verlag. Few are left after the years of economic decline during the German Democratic Republic, during which time Frankfurt developed as a much more important publishing center. Reclam, founded in 1828, was one of the large publishing houses to move away. Leipzig still has a book fair, but Frankfurt's is far bigger.
  • The German Library (Deutsche Bücherei) in Leipzig is part of Germany's National Library. Its task is to collect a copy of every book published in German.[127]

Quality of life

 
Leipzig has the most attractive inner city of all large German cities.

In December 2013, according to a study by GfK, Leipzig was ranked as the most livable city in Germany.[16][128]

In 2015/2016, Leipzig was named by the consumer portal verbraucherzentrale.de as the second-best city for students in Germany (after Munich).[129]

In a 2017 study from the Institut für Handelsforschung Köln, the Leipzig inner city ranked first among all large cities in Germany due to its urban aesthetics, gastronomy, and shopping opportunities.[130][131]

According to HWWI/Berenberg-Städteranking, since 2018 it also has the second-best future prospects of all cities in Germany, second to Munich in 2018 and Berlin in 2019.[132][133]

According to a 2017 Global Least & Most Stressful Cities Ranking by Zipjet, a London-based online laundry service, Leipzig was one of the least stressful cities in the World. It was ranked 25th out of 150 cities worldwide and above Dortmund, Cologne, Frankfurt, and Berlin.[134]

Leipzig was named European City of the Year at the 2019 Urbanism Awards.[135]

According to the 2019 study by Forschungsinstitut Prognos, Leipzig is the most dynamic region in Germany. Within 15 years, the city climbed 230 places and occupied in 2019 rank 104 of all 401 German regions.[136][137]

Leipzig was one of 52 places to go in 2020 by The New York Times and the highest-ranking German destination.[138]

Leipzig Hauptbahnhof has been ranked the best railway station in Germany and the third-best in Europe in a consumer organisation poll, surpassed only by St Pancras railway station and Zürich Hauptbahnhof.[139]

Transport

Founded at the crossing of Via Regia and Via Imperii, Leipzig has been a major interchange of inter-European traffic and commerce since medieval times. After the Reunification of Germany, immense efforts to restore and expand the traffic network have been undertaken and left the city area with an excellent infrastructure.

Railways

 
Leipzig Hauptbahnhof is the main hub of tram and railway network and the world's largest railway station by floor area.
 
Inside Leipzig Hauptbahnhof

Opened in 1915, Leipzig Hauptbahnhof (lit. main station) is the largest overhead railway station in Europe in terms of its built-up area. At the same time, it is an important supra-regional junction in the Intercity-Express (ICE) and Intercity network of the Deutsche Bahn as well as a connection point for S-Bahn and regional traffic in the Halle/Leipzig area.

In Leipzig, the Intercity Express routes (Hamburg-)Berlin-Leipzig-Nuremberg-Munich and Dresden-Leipzig-Erfurt-Frankfurt am Main-(Wiesbaden/Saarbrücken) intersect. Leipzig is also the starting point for the intercity lines Leipzig-Halle (Saale)-Magdeburg-Braunschweig-Hannover-Dortmund-Köln and -Bremen-Oldenburg(-Norddeich Mole). Both lines complement each other at hourly intervals and also stop at Leipzig/Halle Airport. The only international connection is the daily EuroCity Leipzig-Prague.

Most major and medium-sized towns in Saxony and southern Saxony-Anhalt can be reached without changing trains. There are also direct connections via regional express lines to Falkenberg/Elster-Cottbus, Hoyerswerda and Dessau-Magdeburg as well as Chemnitz. Neighbouring Halle (Saale) can be reached via three S-Bahn lines, two of which run via Leipzig/Halle Airport. The surrounding area of Leipzig is served by numerous regional and S-Bahn lines.

The city's railway connections are currently being greatly improved by major construction projects, particularly within the framework of the German Unity transport projects. The line to Berlin has been extended and has been passable at 200 km/h since 2006. On 13 December 2015, the high-speed line from Leipzig to Erfurt, designed for 300 km/h, was put into operation. Its continuation to Nuremberg followed in December 2017. This integration into the high-speed network considerably reduced the journey times of the ICE from Leipzig to Nuremberg, Munich and Frankfurt am Main. The Leipzig-Dresden railway line, which was the first German long-distance railway to go into operation in 1839, is also undergoing expansion for 200 km/h. The most important construction project in regional transport was the four-kilometer-long City Tunnel, which went into operation in December 2013 as the main line of the S-Bahn Mitteldeutschland.

There are freight stations in the districts of Wahren and Engelsdorf. In addition, a freight traffic centre has been set up near the Schkeuditzer Kreuz junction for goods handling between road and rail, as well as a freight station on the site of the DHL hub at Leipzig/Halle Airport.

Suburban trains

Leipzig is the core of the S-Bahn Mitteldeutschland line network. Together with the tram, six of the ten lines form the backbone of local public transport and an important link to the region and the neighbouring Halle. The main line of the S-Bahn consists of the underground S-Bahn stations Hauptbahnhof, Markt, Wilhelm-Leuschner-Platz and Bayerischer Bahnhof leading through the City Tunnel as well as the above-ground station Leipzig MDR. There are a total of 30 S-Bahn stations in the Leipzig city area. Endpoints of the S-Bahn lines include Wurzen, Zwickau, Dessau and Lutherstadt Wittenberg. Two lines run to Halle, one of them via Leipzig/Halle Airport.

With the timetable change in December 2004, the networks of Leipzig and Halle were combined to form the Leipzig-Halle S-Bahn. However, this network only served as a transitional solution and was replaced by the S-Bahn Mitteldeutschland on 15 December 2013. At the same time, the main line tunnel, marketed as the Leipzig City Tunnel, went into operation. The tunnel, which is almost four kilometres long, crosses the entire city centre from the main railway station to the Bavarian railway station. The S-Bahn stations are up to 22 metres underground. This construction was the first to create a continuous north–south axis, which had not existed until now due to the north-facing terminus station. The connection to the south of the city and the federal state will thus be greatly improved.

Tramway and buses

 
Tram at Friedrich-List-Platz

The Leipziger Verkehrsbetriebe, existing since 1 January 1917, operate a total of 15 tram lines and 47 bus lines in the city.

The total length of the tram network is 146 km (91 mi), making it the largest in Saxony ahead of Dresden (134.4 km (83.5 mi)) and the second largest in Germany after Berlin (196 km (122 mi)).

The longest line in the Leipzig network is line 11, which connects Schkeuditz with Markkleeberg over 22 kilometres and is the only tram line in Leipzig to run in three tariff zones of the Central German Transport Association.

Night bus lines N1 to N9 and the night tram N17 operate in the night traffic. On Saturdays, Sundays and holidays the tram line N10 and the bus line N60 also operate. The central transfer point between the bus and tram lines as well as to the S-Bahn is Leipzig Central Station.

Bicycle

Like most German cities, Leipzig has a traffic layout designed to be bicycle-friendly. There is an extensive cycle network. In most of the one-way central streets, cyclists are explicitly allowed to cycle both ways. A few cycle paths have been built or declared since 1990.

Since 2004 there is a bicycle-sharing system. Bikes can be borrowed and returned via smartphone app or by telephone. Since 2018, the system has enabled flexible borrowing and returning of bicycles in the inner city; in this zone, bicycles can be handed in and borrowed from almost any street corner. Outside these zones, there are stations where the bikes are waiting. The current locations of the bikes can be seen via the app. There are cooperation offers with the Leipzig public transport companies and car sharing in order to offer as complete a mobility chain as possible.

Road

 
Leipzig's road network

Several federal motorways pass by Leipzig: the A 14 in the north, the A 9 in the west and the A 38 in the south. The three motorways form a triangular partial ring of the double ring Mitteldeutsche Schleife around Halle and Leipzig. To the south towards Chemnitz, the A 72 is also partly under construction.

The federal roads B 2, B 6, B 87, B 181 and B 184 lead through the city area.

The ring road (Innenstadtring), which corresponds to the course of the old city fortification, surrounds the city centre of Leipzig, which today is largely traffic-calmed.

Leipzig has a dense network of carsharing stations. Additionally, since 2018 there is also a stationless car sharing system in Leipzig. Here the cars can be parked and booked anywhere in the inner city without having to define a specific car or period in advance. Finding and booking is done via a smartphone app.

Leipzig is one of the few cities in Germany with vehicle for hire services that can be booked via a mobile app. In contrast to taxicab services, the start and destination must be defined beforehand and other passengers can be taken along at the same time if they share a route.

Long-distance buses

Since March 2018 there has been a central bus station directly east of Leipzig Central Station.

In addition to a large number of national lines, several international lines also serve Leipzig. The cities of Bregenz, Budapest, Milan, Prague, Sofia and Zurich, among others, can be reached without having to change trains. Around 30,000 journeys and 1.5 million passengers a year are expected at the new bus station.

Some lines also use Leipzig/Halle Airport, located at the A 9/A 14 motorway junction, and Leipziger Messe for a stop. Passengers can take the S-Bahn from there to the city centre.

Air

Leipzig/Halle Airport is the international commercial airport of the region. It is located at the Schkeuditzer Kreuz junction northwest of Leipzig, halfway between the two major cities. The easternmost section of the new Erfurt-Leipzig/Halle line under construction gave the airport a long-distance railway station, which was also integrated into the ICE network when the railway line was completed in 2015.

Passenger flights are operated to the major German hub airports, European metropolises and holiday destinations, especially in the Mediterranean region and North Africa. The airport is of international importance in the cargo sector. In Germany, it ranks second behind Frankfurt am Main, fifth in Europe and 26th worldwide (as of 2011). DHL uses the airport as its central European hub. It is also the home base of the freight airlines Aerologic and European Air Transport Leipzig.

The former military airport near Altenburg, Thuringia called Leipzig-Altenburg Airport about a half-hour drive from Leipzig was served by Ryanair until 2010.

Water

 
Boats at the Elsterflutbett

In the first half of the 20th century, the construction of the Elster-Saale canal, White Elster and Saale was started in Leipzig in order to connect to the network of waterways. The outbreak of the Second World War stopped most of the work, though some may have continued through the use of forced labor. The Lindenauer port was almost completed but not yet connected to the Elster-Saale and Karl-Heine canal respectively. The Leipzig rivers (White Elster, New Luppe, Pleiße, and Parthe) in the city have largely artificial river beds and are supplemented by some channels. These waterways are suitable only for small leisure boat traffic.

Through the renovation and reconstruction of existing mill races and watercourses in the south of the city and flooded disused open cast mines, the city's navigable water network is being expanded. A link between Karl Heine Canal and the disused Lindenauer port was opened in 2015. Still more work was scheduled to complete the Elster-Saale canal. Such a move would allow small boats to reach the Elbe from Leipzig. The intended completion date has been postponed because of an unacceptable cost-benefit ratio.

Quotations

Mein Leipzig lob' ich mir! Es ist ein klein Paris und bildet seine Leute. (I praise my Leipzig! It is a small Paris and educates its people.) – Frosch, a university student in Goethe's Faust, Part One

Ich komme nach Leipzig, an den Ort, wo man die ganze Welt im Kleinen sehen kann. (I'm coming to Leipzig, to the place where one can see the whole world in miniature.) – Gotthold Ephraim Lessing

Extra Lipsiam vivere est miserrime vivere. (To live outside Leipzig is to live miserably.) – Benedikt Carpzov the Younger

Das angenehme Pleis-Athen, Behält den Ruhm vor allen, Auch allen zu gefallen, Denn es ist wunderschön. (The pleasurable Pleiss-Athens, earns its fame above all, appealing to every one, too, for it is mightily beauteous.) – Johann Sigismund Scholze

Twin towns – sister cities

 
Plaque on Leipzig Street in Kyiv, one of Leipzig's twin towns

Leipzig is twinned with:[140]

Notable people

 
Nikolaus Krell
 
Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz, 1695
 
Karl Liebknecht, 1911

Politicians

Philosophers and Theologians

Writing & Arts

 
Johann Sebastian Bach
 
Clara Schumann, 1838
 
Riccardo Chailly, 1986

Science & Business

 
Carl Gustav Carus, 1800

War figures

Sport

See also

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  161. ^ Rockstro, William Smyth; Tovey, Donald Francis (1911). "Wagner, Wilhelm Richard" . Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 28 (11th ed.). pp. 236–243.
  162. ^ "Schumann, Robert Alexander" . Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 24 (11th ed.). 1911. pp. 383–385, see page 385. ...Clara Schumann (1819-1896).....had a brilliant career as a pianist...
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  166. ^ Bower, Frederick Orpen (1911). "Hofmeister, Wilhelm Friedrich Benedict" . Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 13 (11th ed.). pp. 564–565.

Further reading

  • Leipzig: One Thousand Years of German History. Bach, Luther, Faust: The City of Books and Music 3 August 2020 at the Wayback Machine. By Sebastian Ringel. Berlinica, 2015

External links

  • The city's official website
  • Leipzig at Curlie
  • Leipzig as virtual city 408 Points of Interest – English 8 July 2012 at the Wayback Machine
  • The Leipzig Glocal, English language webzine and blog publishing regularly
  • Ubiquity Theatre Company 2 March 2021 at the Wayback Machine – English language theatre projects in Leipzig
  • , an English magazine about Leipzig
  • This is Leipzig, an English web site for Leipzig
  • LostInLeipzig, Get lost in Germany's best city
  • —Music festivals in Leipzig
  • "Leipsic" . The American Cyclopædia. 1879.

leipzig, other, uses, disambiguation, lype, sikh, german, ˈlaɪptsɪç, listen, upper, saxon, leibz, most, populous, city, german, state, saxony, population, inhabitants, million, larger, urban, zone, 2022, places, city, germany, eighth, most, populous, well, sec. For other uses see Leipzig disambiguation Leipzig ˈ l aɪ p s ɪ ɡ s ɪ x LYPE sig sikh 4 5 6 7 German ˈlaɪptsɪc listen Upper Saxon Leibz sch is the most populous city in the German state of Saxony Leipzig s population of 624 689 inhabitants 1 1 million 8 in the larger urban zone 2 as of 2022 9 10 places the city as Germany s eighth most populous 11 as well as the second most populous city in the area of the former East Germany after East Berlin Together with Halle Saale the city forms the polycentric Leipzig Halle Conurbation Between the two cities in Schkeuditz lies Leipzig Halle Airport Leipzig Leibz sch Upper Saxon CityClockwise from top Leipzig market with Old Town Hall Monument to the Battle of the Nations New Town Hall and St Thomas Church Leipzig Main Station and Wintergarten high rise Cloth Hall Gewandhaus concert hall and Mende Fountain Federal Administrative CourtFlagCoat of armsLocation of LeipzigLeipzigShow map of GermanyLeipzigShow map of SaxonyCoordinates 51 20 24 N 12 22 30 E 51 34000 N 12 37500 E 51 34000 12 37500 Coordinates 51 20 24 N 12 22 30 E 51 34000 N 12 37500 E 51 34000 12 37500CountryGermanyStateSaxonyDistrictUrban districtGovernment Lord mayor 2020 27 Burkhard Jung 1 SPD Area City297 36 km2 114 81 sq mi Population 2021 12 31 3 City601 866 Density2 000 km2 5 200 sq mi Metro1 001 220 LUZ 2 Time zoneUTC 01 00 CET Summer DST UTC 02 00 CEST Postal codes04001 04357Dialling codes0341Vehicle registrationLWebsitewww wbr leipzig wbr deLeipzig is located about 160 km 100 mi southwest of Berlin in the southernmost part of the North German Plain known as Leipzig Bay at the confluence of the White Elster River progression Saale Elbe North Sea and two of its tributaries the Pleisse and the Parthe The name of the city and those of many of its boroughs are of Slavic origin Leipzig has been a trade city since at least the time of the Holy Roman Empire 12 The city sits at the intersection of the Via Regia and the Via Imperii two important medieval trade routes Leipzig s trade fair dates back to 1190 Between 1764 and 1945 the city was a center of publishing 13 After the Second World War and during the period of the German Democratic Republic East Germany Leipzig remained a major urban centre in East Germany but its cultural and economic importance declined 13 Events in Leipzig in 1989 played a significant role in precipitating the fall of communism in Central and Eastern Europe mainly through demonstrations starting from St Nicholas Church The immediate effects of the reunification of Germany included the collapse of the local economy which had come to depend on highly polluting heavy industry severe unemployment and urban blight Starting around 2000 however the decline was first arrested then reversed and since then Leipzig has seen many significant changes including the restoration of major historical buildings the demolition of derelict properties and the development of new industries and a modern transport infrastructure 14 15 Leipzig is home to one of the oldest universities in Europe Leipzig University It is also one of two seats of the German National Library as well as the seat of the German Federal Administrative Court Leipzig was rated as the most livable city in Germany in 2013 by the GfK marketing research institution 16 Leipzig Zoo is one of the most modern zoos in Europe and ranks first in Germany 2013 and second in Europe 2015 17 18 Since Leipzig City Tunnel came into operation in 2013 Leipzig forms the centrepiece of the S Bahn Mitteldeutschland public transit system 19 Leipzig was in 2020 listed as a Sufficiency level global city by the Globalization and World Cities Research Network 20 Germany s Boomtown 21 and was the 2019 Academy of Urbanism European City of the Year 22 23 Leipzig has long been a major centre for music including classical and modern dark wave The Thomanerchor English St Thomas Choir of Leipzig a boys choir was founded in 1212 The Leipzig Gewandhaus Orchestra established in 1743 is one of the oldest symphony orchestras in the world Johann Sebastian Bach and Felix Mendelssohn Bartholdy are two of several well known composers who lived and worked in Leipzig The University of Music and Theatre Felix Mendelssohn Bartholdy was founded in 1843 The Oper Leipzig one of the most prominent opera houses in Germany was founded in 1868 During a stay in Gohlis which is now part of the city Friedrich Schiller wrote his poem Ode to Joy Contents 1 Etymology 1 1 Name 2 History 2 1 Origins 2 2 19th century 2 3 20th century 2 4 21st century 3 Geography 3 1 Location 3 2 Subdivision 3 3 Neighbouring communities 3 4 Climate 4 Politics 4 1 Mayor 4 2 City council 4 3 Bundestag 5 Demographics 6 Culture sights and cityscape 6 1 Architecture 6 2 Tallest buildings and structures 6 3 Museums and the arts 6 4 Main sights 6 5 Churches 6 6 Parks and lakes 6 7 Music 6 8 Annual events 6 9 Food and drink 7 Sports 7 1 Football 7 2 Ice hockey 7 3 Handball 7 4 American football 7 5 Other sports 8 Education 8 1 University 8 2 Visual arts and theatre 8 3 University of Applied Science 8 4 Leipzig Graduate School 8 5 Research institutes 8 6 Others 9 Economy 10 Socio ecological infrastructure 11 Media 12 Quality of life 13 Transport 13 1 Railways 13 2 Suburban trains 13 3 Tramway and buses 13 4 Bicycle 13 5 Road 13 6 Long distance buses 13 7 Air 13 8 Water 14 Quotations 15 Twin towns sister cities 16 Notable people 16 1 Politicians 16 2 Philosophers and Theologians 16 3 Writing amp Arts 16 4 Science amp Business 16 5 War figures 16 6 Sport 17 See also 18 References 19 Further reading 20 External linksEtymology EditName Edit Leipzig in the 17th century The name Leipzig is derived from the Slavic word Lipsk which means settlement where the linden trees British English lime trees U S English basswood trees stand 24 An older spelling of the name in English is Leipsic The Latin name Lipsia was also used 25 The name is cognate with Lipetsk Lipeck in Russia and Liepaja in Latvia 26 Old Town Hall In 1937 the Nazi government officially renamed the city Reichsmessestadt Leipzig Reich Trade Fair City Leipzig 27 Since 1989 Leipzig has been informally dubbed Hero City Heldenstadt in recognition of the role that the Monday demonstrations there played in the fall of the East German regime the name alludes to the honorary title awarded in the former Soviet Union to certain cities that played a key role in the victory of the Allies during the Second World War 28 The common usage of this nickname for Leipzig up until the present is reflected for example in the name of a blog for local arts and culture Heldenstadt de 29 More recently the city has sometimes been nicknamed the Boomtown of eastern Germany Hypezig or The better Berlin and is celebrated by the media as a hip urban centre for its vibrant lifestyle and creative scene with many startups 30 31 32 33 History EditFor a chronological guide see Timeline of Leipzig Origins Edit See also Margraviate of Meissen and Electorate of Saxony This article needs additional citations for verification Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources Unsourced material may be challenged and removed Find sources Leipzig news newspapers books scholar JSTOR December 2022 Learn how and when to remove this template message Leipzig was first documented in 1015 in the chronicles of Bishop Thietmar of Merseburg as urbs Libzi Chronicon VII 25 and endowed with city and market privileges in 1165 by Otto the Rich Leipzig Trade Fair started in the Middle Ages has become an event of international importance and is the oldest surviving trade fair in the world There are records of commercial fishing operations on the river Pleisse that most likely refer to Leipzig dating back to 1305 when the Margrave Dietrich the Younger granted the fishing rights to the church and convent of St Thomas 34 There were a number of monasteries in and around the city including a Franciscan monastery after which the Barfussgasschen Barefoot Alley is named and a monastery of Irish monks Jacobskirche destroyed in 1544 near the present day Ranstadter Steinweg the old Via Regia The University of Leipzig was founded in 1409 and Leipzig developed into an important centre of German law and of the publishing industry in Germany resulting in the 19th and 20th centuries with the Reichsgericht Imperial Court of Justice and the German National Library being located here During the Thirty Years War two battles took place in Breitenfeld about 8 km 5 0 mi outside Leipzig city walls The first Battle of Breitenfeld took place in 1631 and the second in 1642 Both battles resulted in victories for the Swedish led side On 24 December 1701 an oil fueled street lighting system was introduced The city employed light guards who had to follow a specific schedule to ensure the punctual lighting of the 700 lanterns 19th century Edit Battle of Leipzig 1813 The Leipzig region was the arena of the 1813 Battle of Leipzig between Napoleonic France and an allied coalition of Prussia Russia Austria and Sweden It was the largest battle in Europe before the First World War and the coalition victory ended Napoleon s presence in Germany and would ultimately lead to his first exile on Elba The Monument to the Battle of the Nations celebrating the centenary of this event was completed in 1913 In addition to stimulating German nationalism the war had a major impact in mobilizing a civic spirit in numerous volunteer activities Many volunteer militias and civic associations were formed and collaborated with churches and the press to support local and state militias patriotic wartime mobilization humanitarian relief and postwar commemorative practices and rituals 35 When it was made a terminus of the first German long distance railway to Dresden the capital of Saxony in 1839 Leipzig became a hub of Central European railway traffic with Leipzig Hauptbahnhof the largest terminal station by area in Europe The railway station has two grand entrance halls the eastern one for the Royal Saxon State Railways and the western one for the Prussian state railways In the 19th century Leipzig was a centre of the German and Saxon liberal movements 36 The first German labor party the General German Workers Association Allgemeiner Deutscher Arbeiterverein ADAV was founded in Leipzig on 23 May 1863 by Ferdinand Lassalle about 600 workers from across Germany travelled to the foundation on the new railway Leipzig expanded rapidly to more than 700 000 inhabitants Huge Grunderzeit areas were built which mostly survived both war and post war demolition Augustusplatz with Leipzig Opera House c 1900 20th century Edit See also History of Leipzig from 1933 1939 Bombing of Leipzig in World War II and University of Music and Theatre Leipzig New Town Hall of Leipzig built in 1905 With the opening of a fifth production hall in 1907 the Leipziger Baumwollspinnerei became the largest cotton mill company on the continent housing over 240 000 spindles Yearly production surpassed 5 million kilograms of yarn 37 During the 1930s and 1940s music was prominent throughout Leipzig Many students attended Felix Mendelssohn Bartholdy College of Music and Theatre then named Landeskonservatorium However in 1944 it was closed due to World War II It re opened soon after the war ended in 1945 On 22 May 1930 Carl Friedrich Goerdeler was elected mayor of Leipzig He later became an opponent of the Nazi regime 38 He resigned in 1937 when in his absence his Nazi deputy ordered the destruction of the city s statue of Felix Mendelssohn On Kristallnacht in 1938 the 1855 Moorish Revival Leipzig synagogue one of the city s most architecturally significant buildings was deliberately destroyed Goerdeler was later executed by the Nazis on 2 February 1945 Several thousand forced labourers were stationed in Leipzig during the Second World War Beginning in 1933 many Jewish citizens of Leipzig were members of the Gemeinde a large Jewish religious community spread throughout Germany Austria and Switzerland In October 1935 the Gemeinde helped found the Lehrhaus English a house of study in Leipzig to provide different forms of studies to Jewish students who were prohibited from attending any institutions in Germany Jewish studies were emphasized and much of the Jewish community of Leipzig became involved 39 Like all other cities claimed by the Nazis Leipzig was subject to aryanisation Beginning in 1933 and increasing in 1939 Jewish business owners were forced to give up their possessions and stores This eventually intensified to the point where Nazi officials were strong enough to evict the Jews from their own homes They also had the power to force many of the Jews living in the city to sell their houses Many people who sold their homes emigrated elsewhere outside of Leipzig Others moved to Judenhauser which were smaller houses that acted as ghettos housing large groups of people 39 As with other cities in Europe during the Holocaust the Jews of Leipzig were greatly affected by the Nuremberg Laws However due to the Leipzig Trade Fair and the international attention it garnered Leipzig was especially cautious about its public image Despite this the Leipzig authorities were not afraid to strictly apply and enforce anti semitic measures 39 Shortly before Kristallnacht Polish Jews living in the city were expelled 39 On 20 December 1937 after the Nazis took control of the city they renamed it Reichsmessestadt Leipzig meaning the Imperial Trade Fair City Leipzig 27 In early 1938 Leipzig saw an increase in Zionism through Jewish citizens Many of these Zionists attempted to flee before deportations began 39 On 28 October 1938 Heinrich Himmler ordered the deportation of Polish Jews from Leipzig to Poland 39 40 On 9 November 1938 as part of Kristallnacht in Gottschedstrasse synagogues and businesses were set on fire 39 Only a couple of days later on 11 November 1938 many Jews in the Leipzig area were deported to the Buchenwald Concentration Camp 41 As World War II came to an end much of Leipzig was destroyed Following the war the Communist Party of Germany German Kommunistische Partei Deutschlands KPD provided aid for the reconstruction of the city 42 Leipzig after bombing in the Second World War In 1933 a census recorded that over 11 000 Jews were living in Leipzig In the 1939 census the number had fallen to roughly 4 500 and by January 1942 only 2 000 remained In that month these 2 000 Jews began to be deported 39 On 13 July 1942 170 Jews were deported from Leipzig to Auschwitz Concentration Camp On 19 September 1942 440 Jews were deported from Leipzig to Theresienstadt Concentration Camp On 18 June 1943 the remaining 18 Jews still in Leipzig were deported from Leipzig to Auschwitz Concentration Camp According to records of the two waves of deportations to Auschwitz there were no survivors According to records of the Theresienstadt deportation only 53 Jews survived 39 43 During World War II Leipzig was repeatedly struck by Allied bombing raids beginning in 1943 and lasting until 1945 The first raid occurred on the morning of 4 December 1943 when 442 bombers of the Royal Air Force RAF dropped a total amount of almost 1 400 tons of explosives and incendiaries on the city destroying large parts of the city centre 44 This bombing was the largest up to that time Due to the close proximity of many of the buildings hit a firestorm occurred This prompted firefighters to rush to the city however they were unable to control the fires Unlike the firebombing of the neighbouring city of Dresden this was a largely conventional bombing with high explosives rather than incendiaries The resultant pattern of loss was a patchwork rather than wholesale loss of its centre but was nevertheless extensive The Allied ground advance into Germany reached Leipzig in late April 1945 The U S 2nd Infantry Division and U S 69th Infantry Division fought their way into the city on 18 April and completed its capture after fierce urban action in which fighting was often house to house and block to block on 19 April 1945 45 In April 1945 the SS Gruppenfuhrer Mayor of Leipzig Bruno Erich Alfred Freyberg his wife and daughter the Deputy Mayor Treasurer of Leipzig Ernest Kurt Lisso his wife daughter and a Volkssturm Major Walter Donicke committed suicide in Leipzig City Hall The United States turned the city over to the Red Army as it pulled back from the line of contact with Soviet forces in July 1945 to the designated occupation zone boundaries Leipzig became one of the major cities of the German Democratic Republic East Germany Following the end of World War II in 1945 Leipzig saw a slow return of Jews to the city 39 46 They were joined by large numbers of German refugees who had been expelled from Central and Eastern Europe 47 Monument to the Battle of the Nations In the mid 20th century the city s trade fair assumed renewed importance as a point of contact with the Comecon Eastern Europe economic bloc of which East Germany was a member At this time trade fairs were held at a site in the south of the city near the Monument to the Battle of the Nations The planned economy of the German Democratic Republic however was not kind to Leipzig Before the Second World War Leipzig had developed a mixture of industry creative business notably publishing and services including legal services During the period of the German Democratic Republic services became the concern of the state concentrated in East Berlin creative business moved to West Germany and Leipzig was left only with heavy industry To make matters worse this industry was extremely polluting making Leipzig an even less attractive city to live in 48 Between 1950 and the end of the German Democratic Republic the population of Leipzig fell from 600 000 to 500 000 15 In October 1989 after prayers for peace at St Nicholas Church established in 1983 as part of the peace movement the Monday demonstrations started as the most prominent mass protest against the East German government 49 50 The reunification of Germany however was at first not good for Leipzig The centrally planned heavy industry that had become the city s speciality was in terms of the advanced economy of reunited Germany almost completely unviable and closed Within only six years 90 of jobs in industry had vanished 15 As unemployment rocketed the population fell dramatically some 100 000 people left Leipzig in the ten years after reunification and vacant and derelict housing became an urgent problem 15 Starting in 2000 an ambitious and subsequently much praised by whom urban renewal plan first stopped Leipzig s decline and then reversed it The plan focused on saving and improving as much as possible of the city s urban structure especially its attractive historic downtown area and various architectural gems and attracting new industries partly through infrastructure improvement 48 15 21st century Edit Federal Administrative Court of Germany The 153 metre high City Hochhaus Leipzig and the Augusteum of the University of Leipzig Nowadays Leipzig is an important economic centre in Germany Since the 2010s the city has been celebrated by the media as a hip urban centre with a very high quality of living 21 51 52 It is often called The new Berlin 53 Leipzig is also Germany s fastest growing city 54 Leipzig was the German candidate for the 2012 Summer Olympics but was unsuccessful After ten years of construction the Leipzig City Tunnel opened on 14 December 2013 55 Leipzig forms the centrepiece of the S Bahn Mitteldeutschland public transit system which operates in the four German states of Saxony Saxony Anhalt Thuringia and Brandenburg Geography Edit White Elster in the Plagwitz district of Leipzig Leipzig Riverside Forest Location Edit Leipzig lies at the confluence of the rivers White Elster Pleisse and Parthe in the Leipzig Bay on the most southerly part of the North German Plain which is the part of the North European Plain in Germany The site is characterized by swampy areas such as the Leipzig Riverside Forest though there are also some limestone areas to the north of the city The landscape is mostly flat though there is also some evidence of moraine and drumlins Although there are some forest parks within the city limits the area surrounding Leipzig is relatively unforested During the 20th century there were several open cast mines in the region many of which are being converted to use as lakes 56 Also see NeuseenlandLeipzig is also situated at the intersection of the ancient roads known as the Via Regia King s highway which traversed Germany in an east west direction and the Via Imperii Imperial Highway a north south road Leipzig was a walled city in the Middle Ages and the current ring road around the historic centre of the city follows the line of the old city walls Subdivision Edit Since 1992 Leipzig has been divided administratively into ten Stadtbezirke boroughs which in turn contain a total of 63 Ortsteile localities Some of these correspond to outlying villages which have been annexed by Leipzig Stadtbezirke and Ortsteile of Leipzig Stadtbezirke of Leipzig Stadtbezirk Pop 2020 57 Area km2 58 Pop per km2 Ortsteile 59 Mitte 65 912 13 96 4 721 Zentrum Zentrum Ost Zentrum Sudost Zentrum Sud Zentrum West Zentrum Nordwest Zentrum NordNordost 48 227 26 31 1 833 Schonefeld Abtnaundorf Schonefeld Ost Mockau Sud Mockau Nord Thekla Plaussig PortitzOst 85 519 40 73 2 100 Neustadt Neuschonefeld Volkmarsdorf Anger Crottendorf Sellerhausen Stunz Paunsdorf Heiterblick Engelsdorf Sommerfeld Althen Baalsdorf Kleinposna Hirschfeld MolkauSudost 62 506 34 72 1 800 Reudnitz Thonberg Stotteritz Probstheida Meusdorf Holzhausen LiebertwolkwitzSud 67 079 16 95 3 957 Sudvorstadt Connewitz Marienbrunn Lossnig Dolitz DosenSudwest 55 742 46 56 1 197 Schleussig Plagwitz Kleinzschocher Grosszschocher Knautkleeberg Knauthain Hartmannsdorf KnautnaundorfWest 54 190 14 69 3 689 Schonau Grunau Ost Grunau Mitte Grunau Siedlung Lausen Grunau Grunau Nord MiltitzAlt West 59 643 26 21 2 276 Lindenau Altlindenau Neulindenau Leutzsch Bohlitz Ehrenberg Burghausen RuckmarsdorfNordwest 34 710 39 07 888 Mockern Wahren Lindenthal Breitenfeld Lutzschena StahmelnNord 71 878 38 61 1 862 Gohlis Sud Gohlis Mitte Gohlis Nord Eutritzsch Seehausen Gobschelwitz Hohenheida Gottscheina WiederitzschNeighbouring communities Edit Delitzsch JesewitzSchkeuditz Rackwitz Taucha Borsdorf BrandisMarkranstadt Markkleeberg NaunhofKitzen Zwenkau GrosspoesnaClimate Edit Like many cities in Eastern Germany Leipzig has an oceanic climate Koppen Cfb close to a Dfb 0 C US isotherm with significant continental influences due to its inland location Winters are cold with an average temperature of around 1 C 34 F Summers are generally warm averaging at 19 C 66 F with daytime temperatures of 24 C 75 F Precipitation in winter is about half that of the summer The amount of sunshine differs significantly between winter and summer with an average of around 51 hours of sunshine in December 1 7 hours a day compared with 229 hours of sunshine in July 7 4 hours a day 60 Climate data for Leipzig Halle Germany for 1981 2010 temperature records for 1973 2013 sunshine hours for 1991 to 2013 Source DWD Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec YearRecord high C F 15 9 60 6 18 6 65 5 23 0 73 4 29 5 85 1 31 9 89 4 34 8 94 6 36 6 97 9 37 2 99 0 32 9 91 2 28 2 82 8 18 7 65 7 16 5 61 7 37 2 99 0 Average high C F 3 2 37 8 4 3 39 7 8 7 47 7 13 9 57 0 19 0 66 2 21 7 71 1 24 5 76 1 24 1 75 4 19 3 66 7 14 0 57 2 7 6 45 7 3 6 38 5 13 67 56 61 Daily mean C F 0 5 32 9 1 1 34 0 4 7 40 5 8 9 48 0 13 8 56 8 16 5 61 7 19 0 66 2 18 6 65 5 14 4 57 9 9 8 49 6 4 7 40 5 1 3 34 3 9 45 49 01 Average low C F 2 2 28 0 2 0 28 4 1 1 34 0 4 1 39 4 8 5 47 3 11 5 52 7 13 8 56 8 13 6 56 5 10 1 50 2 6 2 43 2 2 0 35 6 1 2 29 8 5 47 41 85 Record low C F 27 6 17 7 21 6 6 9 16 6 2 1 6 5 20 3 2 6 27 3 1 8 35 2 5 7 42 3 5 5 41 9 0 5 32 9 6 7 19 9 12 9 8 8 20 2 4 4 27 6 17 7 Average precipitation mm inches 31 9 1 26 26 3 1 04 38 8 1 53 39 6 1 56 46 9 1 85 54 8 2 16 68 9 2 71 63 1 2 48 49 9 1 96 31 0 1 22 43 4 1 71 39 8 1 57 534 10 21 03 Mean monthly sunshine hours 62 8 77 8 124 5 181 7 227 4 224 8 229 0 213 1 160 9 122 9 61 5 51 1 1 737 3Source Data derived from Deutscher Wetterdienst note 61 Politics EditMayor Edit Results of the second round of the 2020 mayoral election The first freely elected mayor after German reunification was Hinrich Lehmann Grube of the Social Democratic Party SPD who served from 1990 to 1998 The mayor was originally chosen by the city council but since 1994 has been directly elected Wolfgang Tiefensee also of the SPD served from 1998 until his resignation in 2005 to become federal Minister of Transport He was succeeded by fellow SPD politician Burkhard Jung who was elected in January 2006 and re elected in 2013 and 2020 The most recent mayoral election was held on 2 February 2020 with a runoff held on 1 March and the results were as follows Candidate Party First round Second roundVotes Votes Sebastian Gemkow Christian Democratic Union 72 427 31 6 107 611 47 6Burkhard Jung Social Democratic Party 68 286 29 8 110 965 49 1Franziska Riekewald The Left 31 036 13 5Katharina Krefft Alliance 90 The Greens 27 481 12 0Christoph Neumann Alternative for Germany 19 854 8 7Katharina Subat Die PARTEI 5 467 2 4Marcus Viefeld Free Democratic Party 2 739 1 2Ute Elisabeth Gabelmann Pirate Party Germany 2 089 0 9 7 542 3 3Valid votes 229 379 99 6 226 118 99 5Invalid votes 822 0 4 1 235 0 5Total 230 201 100 0 227 353 100 0Electorate voter turnout 469 225 49 1 469 269 48 4Source Wahlen in SachsenCity council Edit Results of the 2019 city council election Winning party by locality in the 2019 city council election The most recent city council election was held on 26 May 2019 and the results were as follows Party Votes Seats The Left Die Linke 171 423 21 4 2 8 15 3Alliance 90 The Greens Grune 165 683 20 7 5 7 15 4Christian Democratic Union CDU 140 585 17 5 7 5 13 6Alternative for Germany AfD 119 616 14 9 8 5 11 7Social Democratic Party SPD 99 022 12 4 5 9 9 4Free Democratic Party FDP 38 481 4 8 1 9 3 1Die PARTEI PARTEI 30 764 3 8 2 7 2 2Voters Association Leipzig WVL 20 369 2 5 0 7 1 0Pirate Party Germany Piraten 11 512 1 4 0 5 1 0Leipzigers for Basic Income 4 297 0 5 New 0 NewValid votes 274 916 98 7Invalid votes 3 751 1 3Total 278 667 100 0 70 0Electorate voter turnout 466 442 59 7 17 9Source Wahlen in SachsenBundestag Edit Leipzig is represented in the Bundestag by three constituencies Leipzig I Leipzig II and Leipzig Land Demographics Edit Population development since 1200 Typically dense cityscape of Leipzig old town view from the new town hall Buildings from left to right Gondwanaland of Leipzig Zoo St Thomas Church Headquarters of Sparkasse Leipzig Bank The Westin Hotel and Museum of Fine Arts to the right Historical populationYearPop 15079 000 160020 000 122 2 175035 000 75 0 185266 686 90 5 1875127 387 91 0 1890295 025 131 6 1900456 124 54 6 1910589 850 29 3 1920620 000 5 1 1930718 200 15 8 1935699 300 2 6 1940709 100 1 4 1945581 528 18 0 1955613 707 5 5 1960589 632 3 9 1965595 660 1 0 1970583 885 2 0 1980562 480 3 7 1990511 079 9 1 1995470 778 7 9 2000493 208 4 8 2005502 651 1 9 2010522 883 4 0 2015560 472 7 2 2018587 857 4 9 2020597 493 1 6 Population size may be affected by changes in administrative divisions Leipzig has a population of about 600 000 In 1930 the population reached its historical peak of over 700 000 It decreased steadily from 1950 to about 530 000 in 1989 In the 1990s the population decreased rather rapidly to 437 000 in 1998 This reduction was mostly due to outward migration and suburbanisation After almost doubling the city area by incorporation of surrounding towns in 1999 the number stabilised and started to rise again with an increase of 1 000 in 2000 62 As of 2015 update Leipzig is the fastest growing city in Germany with over 500 000 inhabitants 63 The growth of the past 10 15 years has mostly been due to inward migration In recent years inward migration accelerated reaching an increase of 12 917 in 2014 64 In the years following German reunification many people of working age took the opportunity to move to the states of the former West Germany to seek employment opportunities This was a contributory factor to falling birth rates Births dropped from 7 000 in 1988 to less than 3 000 in 1994 65 However the number of children born in Leipzig has risen since the late 1990s In 2011 it reached 5 490 births resulting in a RNI of 17 7 393 7 in 1995 66 The unemployment rate decreased from 18 2 in 2003 to 9 8 in 2014 and 7 6 in June 2017 67 68 69 The percentage of the population from an immigrant background is low compared with other German cities As of 2012 update only 5 6 of the population were foreigners compared to the German national average of 7 7 70 The number of people with an immigrant background immigrants and their children grew from 49 323 in 2012 to 77 559 in 2016 making them 13 3 of the city s population Leipzig s population 579 530 in 2016 71 The largest minorities first and second generation in Leipzig by country of origin as of 31 12 2018 are 72 Rank Ancestry Total Foreigners Germans1 Syria 9 059 8 523 5362 Russia 8 773 3 214 5 5593 Poland 5 019 3 006 2 0134 Romania 4 161 3 675 4865 Ukraine 3 491 2 245 1 2466 Vietnam 3 430 2 403 1 0277 Iraq 2 816 2 104 7128 Turkey 2 467 1 549 2189 Kazakhstan 2 244 246 1 99810 Afghanistan 2 171 1 916 25511 Italy 1 983 1 564 41912 Hungary 1 814 1 349 46513 Bulgaria 1 615 1 238 37714 France 1 544 1 016 52815 China 1 465 1 254 211Culture sights and cityscape EditIn the last decade Leipzig has become known for its numerous cultural and nightlife institutions earning the nickname Hypezig earning the city comparisons to 1990s and early 2000s Berlin The affordability diversity and openness of the city have attracted many young people from across Europe leading to a trendsetting alternative atmosphere resulting in an innovative music dance and art scene that has developed in the 2010s 73 Young people musicians artists designers and entrepreneurs continued to settle in the city and made Leipzig a growing cultural center in Germany and Europe recalling the larger Berlin 74 The growing cultural performance of the city was underscored by the city s population has grown by more than 50 000 people over the last five years alone many of whom are young people in the creative class 73 Architecture Edit Palais Rossbach one of the many Grunderzeit buildings in Leipzig Madler Passage one of 24 covered passages in Leipzig city centre The historic central area of Leipzig features a Renaissance style ensemble of buildings from the sixteenth century including the old city hall in the marketplace There are also several baroque period trading houses and former residences of rich merchants As Leipzig grew considerably during the economic boom of the late nineteenth century the town has many buildings in the historicist style representative of the Grunderzeit era Approximately 35 of Leipzig s flats are in buildings of this type The new city hall completed in 1905 is built in the same style Some 64 000 apartments in Leipzig were built in Plattenbau buildings during Communist rule in East Germany 75 and although some of these have been demolished and the numbers living in this type of accommodation have declined in recent years at least 10 of Leipzig s population 50 000 people are still living in Plattenbau accommodation 76 Grunau for example has approximately 40 000 people living in this sort of accommodation 77 The St Paul s Church was destroyed by the Communist government in 1968 to make room for a new main building for the university After some debate the city decided to establish a new mainly secular building at the same location called Paulinum which was completed in 2012 Its architecture alludes to the look of the former church and it includes space for religious use by the faculty of theology including the original altar from the old church and two newly built organs Many commercial buildings were built in the 1990s as a result of tax breaks after German reunification Tallest buildings and structures Edit The tallest structure in Leipzig is the chimney of the Stahl und Hartgusswerk Bosdorf GmbH with a height of 205 m 673 ft With 142 m 466 ft The tallest building in Leipzig is the City Hochhaus Leipzig From 1972 to 1973 it was Germany s tallest building Buildings and structures Image Height in metres Year NotesChimney of Stahl und Hartgusswerk Bosdorf GmbH 205 1984Funkturm Leipzig 191 2015DVB T Sendeturm 190 19864 x Wind turbine Nordex N100 190 2013City Hochhaus Leipzig 142 1972 Total height 153 m tallest building in former East Germany Headquarters of European Energy Exchange Fernmeldeturm Leipzig 132 1995Tower of New Town Hall 115 1905 Tallest town hall in GermanyWintergartenhochhaus 106 8 1972 Used as residential towerThe Westin Leipzig de 95 1972 Hotel with skybar and restaurantMonument to the Battle of the Nations 91 1913 Tallest monument in Europe St Peters 88 5 1885 Leipzig s tallest church MDR Hochhaus 65 2000 MDR is one of Germany s public broadcasters Hochhaus Lohr s Carree 65 1997 Headquarters of Sachsen Bank and Sparkasse Leipzig Center Torgauer Platz 63 1995Europahaus 56 1929 Headquarters of Stadtwerke LeipzigMuseums and the arts Edit One of the highlights of the city s contemporary arts was the Neo Rauch retrospective opening in April 2010 at the Leipzig Museum of Fine Arts This is a show devoted to the father of the New Leipzig School 78 79 of artists According to The New York Times 80 this scene has been the toast of the contemporary art world for the past decade In addition there are eleven galleries in the so called Spinnerei 81 The Grassi Museum complex contains three more of Leipzig s major collections 82 the Ethnography Museum Applied Arts Museum and Musical Instrument Museum the last of which is run by the University of Leipzig The university also runs the Museum of Antiquities 83 Founded in March 2015 the G2 Kunsthalle houses the Hildebrand Collection 84 This private collection focuses on the so called New Leipzig School Leipzig s first private museum dedicated to contemporary art in Leipzig after the turn of the millennium is located in the city centre close to the famous St Thomas Church on the third floor of the former GDR processing centre 85 Other museums in Leipzig include the following The German Museum of Books and Writing is the world s oldest museum of its kind founded in 1884 The Egyptian Museum of the University of Leipzig comprises a collection of about 7 000 artefacts from several millennia The Schillerhaus is the house where Schiller lived in summer 1785 The Zeitgeschichtliches Forum Leipzig Forum of Contemporary History shows the history of the German division and the everyday life in the socialist German Democratic Republic Naturkundemuseum Leipzig is the city s natural history museum The Leipzig Panometer is a visual panorama displayed inside a former gasometer accompanied by a thematic exhibition The Museum in der Runden Ecke is the best known museum in the city It deals with the operation of the Stasi State Security of former East Germany Johann Sebastian Bach lived from 1723 until his death in Leipzig The Bach Archive is an institution for the documentation and research of his life and work Mendelssohn House home of Felix Mendelssohn from 1845 until his death in 1847 Schumann House home of Robert and Clara Schumann from 1840 to 1844 German Museum of Books and Writing Exhibits of the Egyptian Museum Grassi Museum Inside Gasometer next to the Panometer Museum in der Runden Ecke Museum of Fine Arts BaumwollspinnereiMain sights Edit Leipzig Zoological Garden is one of the most modern zoos in Europe with approximately 850 different animal species It houses the world s largest zoological facilities for primates Pongoland Gondwanaland is the world s largest indoor rainforest hall Monument to the Battle of the Nations Volkerschlachtdenkmal Battle of the Nations Monument one of the largest monuments in Europe built to commemorate the victorious battle against Napoleonic troops Bundesverwaltungsgericht Germany s federal administrative court was the site of the Reichsgericht the highest state court between 1888 and 1945 New City Hall the city s administrative building was built upon the remains of the Pleissenburg a castle that was the site of the 1519 debate between Johann Eck and Martin Luther It is also Germany s tallest town hall Old Town Hall on Marktplatz the old city hall was built in 1556 and houses a museum of the city s history City Hochhaus Leipzig built in 1972 the city s tallest building is one of the top 25 tallest buildings in Germany The Augusteum and Paulinum at Augustusplatz form the new main campus of the University of Leipzig Leipzig Trade Fair centre in the north of the city is home to the world s largest levitated glass hall 86 Leipzig Hauptbahnhof is the world s largest railway station by floor area and a shopping destination Auerbach s Cellar a young Goethe ate and drank in this basement level restaurant while studying in Leipzig it is the venue of a scene from his play Faust The Old Leipzig bourse at Naschmarkt with a monument of Johann Wolfgang von Goethe South Cemetery Sudfriedhof is with an area of 82 hectares the largest cemetery in Leipzig The German National Library has two locations one of them in Leipzig Leipzig Bayerischer Bahnhof is Germany s oldest preserved railway station Gohliser Schlosschen Leipzig Synagogue was destroyed in 1938 Now a memorial stands on the same spot Where the pews once were 140 bronze chairs now take their place Augustusplatz Inside Gondwanaland at Leipzig Zoological Garden Monument to the Battle of the Nations Federal Administrative Court of Germany New city hall Old city hall at market square City Hochhaus New Augusteum of the University of Leipzig Leipzig Trade Fair Leipzig main station Auerbachs Keller in the Madlerpassage Riquethaus former Tradehouse Old Leipzig bourse Sudfriedhof German National Library Leipzig Bayerischer Bahnhof Gohliser Schlosschen Leipzig Synagogue Memorial Everest at Leipzig PanometerChurches Edit St Thomas s Church Thomaskirche Most famous as the place where Johann Sebastian Bach worked as a cantor and home to the renowned boys choir Thomanerchor A monument to Felix Mendelssohn stands in front of this church Destroyed by the Nazis in 1936 the statue was re erected on 18 October 2008 St Nicholas s Church Nikolaikirche for which Bach was also responsible The weekly Montagsgebet Monday prayer held here became the starting point of peaceful Monday demonstrations against the DDR regime in the 1980s St Peter s has the highest tower of any church in Leipzig at 87 m 285 ft The new Propsteikirche opened in 2015 The Continental Reformed Church of Leipzig Evangelisch reformierte Kirche is one of the most prominent buildings on the Leipzig Innercity ring The Russian Church of Leipzig is the Russian Orthodox church of Leipzig St Michael s Church is one of the landmarks of Gohlis district St Nicholas Church St Thomas Church St Peter s Church Propsteikirche in May 2015 New Town Hall in the background Continental Reformed church of Leipzig Russian Church of Leipzig St Michael s Church with the headquarters of Stadtwerke Leipzig to the right Parks and lakes Edit Leipzig is well known for its large parks The Leipziger Auwald riparian forest lies mostly within the city limits Neuseenland is an area south of Leipzig where old open cast mines are being converted into a huge lake district It is planned to be finished in 2060 Leipzig Botanical Garden is the oldest of its kind in Germany It contains a total of some 7 000 plant species of which nearly 3 000 species comprise ten special collections Johannapark and Clara Zetkin Park are the most prominent parks in the Leipzig city centre Leipzig Mitte Leipziger Auwald covers a total area of approx 2 500 hectares The Rosental is a park in the north of the forest and borders Leipzig Zoo Wildpark in Connewitz showing 25 species Inside Leipzig Botanical Garden Johannapark Leipziger Auwald Rosental in the morning Friedenspark Markkleeberger See Cospudener SeeMusic Edit Johann Sebastian Bach spent the longest phase of his career in Leipzig from 1723 until his death in 1750 conducting the Thomanerchor St Thomas Church Choir at the St Thomas Church the St Nicholas Church and the Paulinerkirche the university church of Leipzig destroyed in 1968 The composer Richard Wagner was born in Leipzig in 1813 in the Bruhl Robert Schumann was also active in Leipzig music having been invited by Felix Mendelssohn when the latter established Germany s first musical conservatoire in the city in 1843 Gustav Mahler was second conductor working under Artur Nikisch at the Leipzig Opera from June 1886 until May 1888 and achieved his first significant recognition while there by completing and publishing Carl Maria von Weber s opera Die Drei Pintos Mahler also completed his own 1st Symphony while living in Leipzig Today the conservatory is the University of Music and Theatre Leipzig 87 A broad range of subjects are taught including artistic and teacher training in all orchestral instruments voice interpretation coaching piano chamber music orchestral conducting choir conducting and musical composition in various musical styles The drama departments teach acting and scriptwriting The Bach Archiv Leipzig an institution for the documentation and research of the life and work of Bach and also of the Bach family was founded in Leipzig in 1950 by Werner Neumann The Bach Archiv organizes the prestigious International Johann Sebastian Bach Competition initiated in 1950 as part of a music festival marking the bicentennial of Bach s death The competition is now held every two years in three changing categories The Bach Archiv also organizes performances especially the international festival Bachfest Leipzig de and runs the Bach Museum The city s musical tradition is also reflected in the worldwide fame of the Leipzig Gewandhaus Orchestra under its chief conductor Andris Nelsons and the Thomanerchor The MDR Leipzig Radio Symphony Orchestra is Leipzig s second largest symphony orchestra Its current chief conductor is Kristjan Jarvi Both the Gewandhausorchester and the MDR Leipzig Radio Symphony Orchestra make use of in the Gewandhaus concert hall For over sixty years Leipzig has been offering a school concert 88 programme for children in Germany with over 140 concerts every year in venues such as the Gewandhaus and over 40 000 children attending As for contemporary music Leipzig is known for its independent music scene and subcultural events Leipzig has for twenty years been home to the world s largest Gothic festival the annual Wave Gotik Treffen WGT where thousands of fans of gothic and dark styled music from across Europe and the world gather in the early summer The first Wave Gotik Treffen was held at the Eiskeller club today known as Conne Island in the Connewitz district Mayhem s notorious album Live in Leipzig was also recorded at the Eiskeller club Leipzig Pop Up is an annual music trade fair for the independent music scene as well as a music festival taking place on Pentecost weekend 89 Its most famous indie labels are Moon Harbour Recordings House and Kann Records House Techno Psychedelic Several venues offer live music on a daily basis including the Moritzbastei 90 which was once part of the city s fortifications and is one of the oldest student clubs in Europe with concerts in various styles For over 15 years Tonelli s 91 has been offering free weekly concerts every day of the week though door charges may apply Saturdays Die Prinzen The Princes is a German band founded in Leipzig With almost 6 million records sold they are one of the most successful German bands The cover photo for the Beirut band s 2005 album Gulag Orkestar according to the sleeve notes was stolen from a Leipzig library by Zach Condon The city of Leipzig is also the birthplace of Till Lindemann best known as the lead vocalist of Rammstein a band formed in 1994 Leipzig Opera View over Augustusplatz with the Gewandhaus Moritzbastei is the largest student club in Germany and is famous for its atmosphere and large number of cultural and music events Monument of Johann Sebastian Bach Haus Auensee a concert hallAnnual events Edit Auto Mobil International AMI motor show 92 AMITEC trade fair for vehicle maintenance care servicing and repairs in Germany and Central Europe 93 A cappella vocal music festival organized by the Ensemble amarcord Bach Fest Johann Sebastian Bach festival Christmas market since 1767 Dok Leipzig international festival for documentary and animated film Jazztage 94 contemporary jazz festival Ladyfest Leipzig 95 August Emancipatoric feminist punk and electro festival Leipzig Book Fair the second largest German book fair after Frankfurt Lichtfest Leipzig de festival celebrating the demonstrations leading up to the collapse of the East German regime OPER unplugged with Music Dance Theatre by Heike Hennig amp Co 96 Stadtfest city festival Wave Gotik Treffen at Pentecost world s largest goth or dark culture festival Leipzig Pop Up 97 Chaos Communication Congress Leipzig Trade Fair Leipzig Book Fair 2015 Wave Gotik Treffen 2016 Belantis park in the background Leipzig Christmas market entrance DOK LeipzigFood and drink Edit An all season local dish is Leipziger Allerlei a stew consisting of seasonal vegetables and crayfish Leipziger Lerche is a shortcrust pastry dish filled with crushed almonds nuts and strawberry jam the name Leipzig lark comes from a lark pate which was a Leipzig speciality until the banning of songbird hunting in Saxony in 1876 Gose is a locally brewed top fermenting sour beer that originated in the Goslar region and in the 18th century became popular in Leipzig Leipziger Lerchen Historical Gose bottle c 1900 Sports EditMore than 300 sport clubs in the city represent 78 different disciplines Over 400 athletic facilities are available to citizens and club members 98 Football Edit The Red Bull Arena from above Home of RB Leipzig Bruno Plache Stadion is the home stadion of 1 FC Lokomotive Leipzig The German Football Association DFB was founded in Leipzig in 1900 The city was the venue for the 2006 FIFA World Cup draw and hosted four first round matches and one match in the round of 16 in the central stadium VfB Leipzig won the first national Association football championship in 1903 The club was dissolved in 1946 and the remains reformed as SG Probstheida The club was eventually reorganized as football club 1 FC Lokomotive Leipzig in 1966 1 FC Lokomotive Leipzig has had a glorious past in international competition as well having been champions of the 1965 66 Intertoto Cup semi finalists in the 1973 74 UEFA Cup and runners up in the 1986 87 European Cup Winners Cup Red Bull entered the local football in May 2009 after having previously been denied the right to buy into FC Sachsen Leipzig in 2006 The newly founded RB Leipzig declared the intention to come up through the ranks of German football and to bring Bundesliga football back to the region 99 RB Leipzig was finally promoted to the top level of the Bundesliga after finishing the 2015 16 2 Bundesliga season as runners up The club finished runners up in its first ever Bundesliga season and made its debut in the UEFA Champions League in 2017 and the Semi Final in 2020 List of Leipzig men and women s football clubs playing at state level and above Club Founded League Level Home ground CapacityRB Leipzig 2009 Bundesliga 1 Red Bull Arena 47 069RB Leipzig women 20161 2 Frauen Bundesliga 2 Sportanlage Gontardweg 1 3001 FC Lokomotive Leipzig 2003 Regionalliga Nordost 4 Bruno Plache Stadion 7 000BSG Chemie Leipzig 19972 Regionalliga Nordost 4 Alfred Kunze Sportpark 4 999FC International Leipzig 2013 NOFV Oberliga Sud 5 Sportpark Tresenwald 1 500Roter Stern Leipzig de 1999 Landesklasse Sachsen Nord 7 Sportpark Dolitz 1 200Note 1 The RB Leipzig women s football team was formed in 2016 and began play in the 2016 17 season Note 2 The club began play in the 2008 09 season Ice hockey Edit Since the beginning of the 20th century ice hockey has gained popularity and several local clubs established departments dedicated to that sport 100 Handball Edit SC DHfK Leipzig is the men s handball club in Leipzig and were six times 1959 1960 1961 1962 1965 and 1966 the champion of East Germany handball league and was winner of EHF Champions League in 1966 They finally promoted to Handball Bundesliga as champions of 2 Bundesliga in 2014 15 season They play in the Arena Leipzig which has a capacity of 6 327 spectators in HBL games but can take up to 7 532 spectators for handball in maximum capacity Handball Club Leipzig is one of the most successful women s handball clubs in Germany winning 21 domestic championships since 1953 and 2 Champions League titles The team was however relegated to the third tier league in 2017 due to failing to achieve the economic standard demanded by the league licence American football Edit Leipzig Kings is an American football team playing in the European League of Football ELF which is a planned professional league that is set to become the first fully professional league in Europe since the demise of NFL Europe 101 The Kings will start playing games against teams from Germany Spain and Poland in June 2021 102 They play their home games at Alfred Kunze Sportpark Other sports Edit The artificial whitewater course Kanupark Markkleeberg at Markkleeberger See From 1950 to 1990 Leipzig was host of the Deutsche Hochschule fur Korperkultur DHfK German College of Physical Culture the national sports college of the GDR Leipzig also hosted the Fencing World Cup in 2005 and hosts a number of international competitions in a variety of sports each year Leipzig made a bid to host the 2012 Summer Olympics The bid did not make the shortlist after the International Olympic Committee pared the bids down to 5 Markkleeberger See is a new lake next to Markkleeberg a suburb on the south side of Leipzig A former open pit coal mine it was flooded in 1999 with groundwater and developed in 2006 as a tourist area On its southeastern shore is Germany s only pump powered artificial whitewater slalom course Markkleeberg Canoe Park Kanupark Markkleeberg a venue which rivals the Eiskanal in Augsburg for training and international canoe kayak competition Leipzig Rugby Club competes in the German Rugby Bundesliga but finished at the bottom of their group in 2013 103 Leipzig hosted the Indoor Hockey World Cup in 2015 All matches were played in Leipzig Arena with the Netherlands coming out victorious in both the men s and women s tournaments Education Edit Campus of Leipzig University Atrium of the Hochschule fur Grafik und Buchkunst Leipzig University Edit Leipzig University founded 1409 is one of Europe s oldest universities Karl Bucher a German economist founded the Institut fur Zeitungswissenschaften Institute for Newspaper Science at the University of Leipzig in 1916 It was the first institute of its kind to be established in Europe and it marks the commencement of academic study of media communication in Germany 104 Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz a philosopher and mathematician was born in Leipzig in 1646 and attended the university from 1661 to 1666 Nobel Prize laureate Werner Heisenberg worked at the university as a physics professor from 1927 to 1942 as did Nobel Prize laureates Gustav Ludwig Hertz physics Wilhelm Ostwald chemistry and Theodor Mommsen Nobel Prize in literature The 2022 Nobel Prize in Physiology and Medicine went to Svante Paabo an honorary professor at the university Other former university staff include mineralogist Georg Agricola writer Gotthold Ephraim Lessing philosopher Ernst Bloch founder of psychophysics Gustav Theodor Fechner and founder of modern psychology Wilhelm Wundt The university s notable former students include writers Johann Wolfgang Goethe and Erich Kastner philosopher Friedrich Nietzsche political activist Karl Liebknecht and composer Richard Wagner Angela Merkel former German chancellor studied physics at Leipzig University 105 The university has about 30 000 students A part of Leipzig University is the German Institute for Literature which was founded in 1955 under the name Johannes R Becher Institut Many noted writers have graduated from this school including Heinz Czechowski Kurt Drawert Adolf Endler Ralph Giordano Kerstin Hensel Sarah and Rainer Kirsch Angela Krauss Erich Loest and Fred Wander After its closure in 1990 the institute was refounded in 1995 with new teachers Visual arts and theatre Edit The Academy of Visual Arts Hochschule fur Grafik und Buchkunst was established in 1764 Its 600 students as of 2018 update are enrolled in courses in painting and graphics book design graphic design photography and media art The school also houses an Institute for Theory The University of Music and Theatre offers a broad range of subjects ranging from training in orchestral instruments voice interpretation coaching piano chamber music orchestral conducting choir conducting and musical composition to acting and scriptwriting University of Applied Science Edit The Leipzig University of Applied Sciences HTWK 106 has approximately 6 200 students as of 2007 update and is as of 2007 update the second biggest institution of higher education in Leipzig It was founded in 1992 merging several older schools As a university of applied sciences German Fachhochschule its status is slightly below that of a university with more emphasis on the practical parts of education The HTWK offers many engineering courses as well as courses in computer science mathematics business administration librarianship museum studies and social work It is mainly located in the south of the city Leipzig Graduate School Edit The private Leipzig Graduate School of Management in German Handelshochschule Leipzig HHL is the oldest business school in Germany According to The Economist HHL is one of the best schools in the world ranked at number six overall 107 108 Research institutes Edit The Max Planck Institute for Mathematics in the Sciences Leipzig is currently the home of twelve research institutes and the Saxon Academy of Sciences and Humanities Max Planck Society Max Planck Institute for Mathematics in the Sciences Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences and Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology Fraunhofer Society institutes Fraunhofer IZI and Fraunhofer IMW Helmholtz Association of German Research Centres Helmholtz Centre for Environmental ResearchDeutsches Biomasseforschungszentrum DBFZLeibniz Association Leibniz Institute for Tropospheric Research Leibniz Institute IOM Leibniz Institute for the History and Culture of Eastern Europe Leibniz Institute IfL Leibniz Institute Jewish history Others Edit Leipzig is home to one of the world s oldest schools Thomasschule zu Leipzig St Thomas School Leipzig which gained fame for its long association with the Bach family of musicians and composers The Lutheran Theological Seminary is a seminary of the Evangelical Lutheran Free Church in Leipzig 109 110 The seminary trains students to become pastors for the Evangelical Lutheran Free Church or for member church bodies of the Confessional Evangelical Lutheran Conference 111 Economy EditThe city is a location for automobile manufacturing by BMW and Porsche in large plants north of the city In 2011 and 2012 DHL transferred the bulk of its European air operations from Brussels Airport to Leipzig Halle Airport Kirow Ardelt AG the world market leader in breakdown cranes is based in Leipzig The city also houses the European Energy Exchange the leading energy exchange in Central Europe VNG Verbundnetz Gas AG one of Germany s large natural gas suppliers is headquartered at Leipzig In addition inside its larger metropolitan area Leipzig has developed an important petrochemical center Some of the largest employers in the area outside of manufacturing include software companies such as Spreadshirt and the various schools and universities in and around the Leipzig Halle region The University of Leipzig attracts millions of euros of investment yearly and celebrated its 600th birthday in 2009 Leipzig also benefits from world leading medical research Leipzig Heart Centre and a growing biotechnology industry 112 Many bars restaurants and stores in the downtown area are patronized by German and foreign tourists Leipzig Main Train Station is the location of a shopping mall 113 Leipzig is one of Germany s most visited cities with over 3 million overnight stays in 2017 114 In 2010 Leipzig was included in the top 10 cities to visit by The New York Times 80 and ranked 39th globally out of 289 cities for innovation in the 4th Innovation Cities Index published by Australian agency 2thinknow 115 In 2015 Leipzig have among the 30 largest German cities the third best prospects for the future 116 In recent years Leipzig has often been nicknamed the Boomtown of eastern Germany or Hypezig 31 As of 2013 update it had the highest rate of population growth of any German city 32 Companies with operations in or around Leipzig include Amazon Bluthner piano manufacturing BMW DHL Porsche Siemens Future Electronics Porsche Diamond the customer center building of Porsche Leipzig BMW production facility in Leipzig Amazon in Leipzig Leipzig is the hub of DHL Headquarters of the Sparkasse Leipzig bank Markkleeberger See Hofe am Bruhl shopping mall situated on the former route of Via Regia an ancient trade road Socio ecological infrastructure EditLeipzig has a dense network of socio ecological infrastructures Worth mentioning in the food sector are the Fairteiler of foodsharing 117 and the numerous Community supported agricultures 118 in the textile sector the Umsonstladen in Plagwitz 119 in the bicycle self help workshops the Radsfatz 120 in the computer sector the Hackerspace Die Dezentrale 121 and in the repair sector the Cafe kaputt 122 Media Edit MDR one of Germany s public broadcasters MDR one of Germany s public broadcasters has its headquarters and main television studios in the city It provides programmes to various TV and radio networks and has its own symphony orchestra choir and a ballet Leipziger Volkszeitung LVZ is the city s only daily newspaper Founded in 1894 it has published under several different forms of government The monthly magazine Kreuzer specializes in culture festivities and the arts in Leipzig Leipzig was also home to the world s first daily newspaper in modern times The Einkommende Zeitungen were first published in 1650 123 Leipzig has one daily or semi daily English language publication The Leipzig Glocal It is an online based magazine and blog that caters to an international as well as local audience 124 Besides publishing pages on jobs doctors and movies available in English and other languages the site s team of authors writes articles about lifestyle arts amp culture politics entertainment Leipzig events etc 125 Once known for its large number of publishing houses Leipzig had been called Buch Stadt book city 126 the most notable of them being branches of Brockhaus and Insel Verlag Few are left after the years of economic decline during the German Democratic Republic during which time Frankfurt developed as a much more important publishing center Reclam founded in 1828 was one of the large publishing houses to move away Leipzig still has a book fair but Frankfurt s is far bigger The German Library Deutsche Bucherei in Leipzig is part of Germany s National Library Its task is to collect a copy of every book published in German 127 Quality of life Edit Leipzig has the most attractive inner city of all large German cities In December 2013 according to a study by GfK Leipzig was ranked as the most livable city in Germany 16 128 In 2015 2016 Leipzig was named by the consumer portal verbraucherzentrale de as the second best city for students in Germany after Munich 129 In a 2017 study from the Institut fur Handelsforschung Koln the Leipzig inner city ranked first among all large cities in Germany due to its urban aesthetics gastronomy and shopping opportunities 130 131 According to HWWI Berenberg Stadteranking since 2018 it also has the second best future prospects of all cities in Germany second to Munich in 2018 and Berlin in 2019 132 133 According to a 2017 Global Least amp Most Stressful Cities Ranking by Zipjet a London based online laundry service Leipzig was one of the least stressful cities in the World It was ranked 25th out of 150 cities worldwide and above Dortmund Cologne Frankfurt and Berlin 134 Leipzig was named European City of the Year at the 2019 Urbanism Awards 135 According to the 2019 study by Forschungsinstitut Prognos Leipzig is the most dynamic region in Germany Within 15 years the city climbed 230 places and occupied in 2019 rank 104 of all 401 German regions 136 137 Leipzig was one of 52 places to go in 2020 by The New York Times and the highest ranking German destination 138 Leipzig Hauptbahnhof has been ranked the best railway station in Germany and the third best in Europe in a consumer organisation poll surpassed only by St Pancras railway station and Zurich Hauptbahnhof 139 Transport EditFounded at the crossing of Via Regia and Via Imperii Leipzig has been a major interchange of inter European traffic and commerce since medieval times After the Reunification of Germany immense efforts to restore and expand the traffic network have been undertaken and left the city area with an excellent infrastructure Railways Edit Leipzig Hauptbahnhof is the main hub of tram and railway network and the world s largest railway station by floor area Inside Leipzig Hauptbahnhof Opened in 1915 Leipzig Hauptbahnhof lit main station is the largest overhead railway station in Europe in terms of its built up area At the same time it is an important supra regional junction in the Intercity Express ICE and Intercity network of the Deutsche Bahn as well as a connection point for S Bahn and regional traffic in the Halle Leipzig area In Leipzig the Intercity Express routes Hamburg Berlin Leipzig Nuremberg Munich and Dresden Leipzig Erfurt Frankfurt am Main Wiesbaden Saarbrucken intersect Leipzig is also the starting point for the intercity lines Leipzig Halle Saale Magdeburg Braunschweig Hannover Dortmund Koln and Bremen Oldenburg Norddeich Mole Both lines complement each other at hourly intervals and also stop at Leipzig Halle Airport The only international connection is the daily EuroCity Leipzig Prague Most major and medium sized towns in Saxony and southern Saxony Anhalt can be reached without changing trains There are also direct connections via regional express lines to Falkenberg Elster Cottbus Hoyerswerda and Dessau Magdeburg as well as Chemnitz Neighbouring Halle Saale can be reached via three S Bahn lines two of which run via Leipzig Halle Airport The surrounding area of Leipzig is served by numerous regional and S Bahn lines The city s railway connections are currently being greatly improved by major construction projects particularly within the framework of the German Unity transport projects The line to Berlin has been extended and has been passable at 200 km h since 2006 On 13 December 2015 the high speed line from Leipzig to Erfurt designed for 300 km h was put into operation Its continuation to Nuremberg followed in December 2017 This integration into the high speed network considerably reduced the journey times of the ICE from Leipzig to Nuremberg Munich and Frankfurt am Main The Leipzig Dresden railway line which was the first German long distance railway to go into operation in 1839 is also undergoing expansion for 200 km h The most important construction project in regional transport was the four kilometer long City Tunnel which went into operation in December 2013 as the main line of the S Bahn Mitteldeutschland There are freight stations in the districts of Wahren and Engelsdorf In addition a freight traffic centre has been set up near the Schkeuditzer Kreuz junction for goods handling between road and rail as well as a freight station on the site of the DHL hub at Leipzig Halle Airport Suburban trains Edit See also S Bahn Mitteldeutschland A new train of the S Bahn Mitteldeutschland at Leipzig Wilhelm Leuschner Platz railway station August 2016 Leipzig is the core of the S Bahn Mitteldeutschland line network Together with the tram six of the ten lines form the backbone of local public transport and an important link to the region and the neighbouring Halle The main line of the S Bahn consists of the underground S Bahn stations Hauptbahnhof Markt Wilhelm Leuschner Platz and Bayerischer Bahnhof leading through the City Tunnel as well as the above ground station Leipzig MDR There are a total of 30 S Bahn stations in the Leipzig city area Endpoints of the S Bahn lines include Wurzen Zwickau Dessau and Lutherstadt Wittenberg Two lines run to Halle one of them via Leipzig Halle Airport With the timetable change in December 2004 the networks of Leipzig and Halle were combined to form the Leipzig Halle S Bahn However this network only served as a transitional solution and was replaced by the S Bahn Mitteldeutschland on 15 December 2013 At the same time the main line tunnel marketed as the Leipzig City Tunnel went into operation The tunnel which is almost four kilometres long crosses the entire city centre from the main railway station to the Bavarian railway station The S Bahn stations are up to 22 metres underground This construction was the first to create a continuous north south axis which had not existed until now due to the north facing terminus station The connection to the south of the city and the federal state will thus be greatly improved Tramway and buses Edit See also Trams in Leipzig Tram at Friedrich List Platz The Leipziger Verkehrsbetriebe existing since 1 January 1917 operate a total of 15 tram lines and 47 bus lines in the city The total length of the tram network is 146 km 91 mi making it the largest in Saxony ahead of Dresden 134 4 km 83 5 mi and the second largest in Germany after Berlin 196 km 122 mi The longest line in the Leipzig network is line 11 which connects Schkeuditz with Markkleeberg over 22 kilometres and is the only tram line in Leipzig to run in three tariff zones of the Central German Transport Association Night bus lines N1 to N9 and the night tram N17 operate in the night traffic On Saturdays Sundays and holidays the tram line N10 and the bus line N60 also operate The central transfer point between the bus and tram lines as well as to the S Bahn is Leipzig Central Station Bicycle Edit Like most German cities Leipzig has a traffic layout designed to be bicycle friendly There is an extensive cycle network In most of the one way central streets cyclists are explicitly allowed to cycle both ways A few cycle paths have been built or declared since 1990 Since 2004 there is a bicycle sharing system Bikes can be borrowed and returned via smartphone app or by telephone Since 2018 the system has enabled flexible borrowing and returning of bicycles in the inner city in this zone bicycles can be handed in and borrowed from almost any street corner Outside these zones there are stations where the bikes are waiting The current locations of the bikes can be seen via the app There are cooperation offers with the Leipzig public transport companies and car sharing in order to offer as complete a mobility chain as possible Road Edit Leipzig s road network Leipzig Halle Airport hub of DHL Several federal motorways pass by Leipzig the A 14 in the north the A 9 in the west and the A 38 in the south The three motorways form a triangular partial ring of the double ring Mitteldeutsche Schleife around Halle and Leipzig To the south towards Chemnitz the A 72 is also partly under construction The federal roads B 2 B 6 B 87 B 181 and B 184 lead through the city area The ring road Innenstadtring which corresponds to the course of the old city fortification surrounds the city centre of Leipzig which today is largely traffic calmed Leipzig has a dense network of carsharing stations Additionally since 2018 there is also a stationless car sharing system in Leipzig Here the cars can be parked and booked anywhere in the inner city without having to define a specific car or period in advance Finding and booking is done via a smartphone app Leipzig is one of the few cities in Germany with vehicle for hire services that can be booked via a mobile app In contrast to taxicab services the start and destination must be defined beforehand and other passengers can be taken along at the same time if they share a route Long distance buses Edit Since March 2018 there has been a central bus station directly east of Leipzig Central Station In addition to a large number of national lines several international lines also serve Leipzig The cities of Bregenz Budapest Milan Prague Sofia and Zurich among others can be reached without having to change trains Around 30 000 journeys and 1 5 million passengers a year are expected at the new bus station Some lines also use Leipzig Halle Airport located at the A 9 A 14 motorway junction and Leipziger Messe for a stop Passengers can take the S Bahn from there to the city centre Air Edit Leipzig Halle Airport is the international commercial airport of the region It is located at the Schkeuditzer Kreuz junction northwest of Leipzig halfway between the two major cities The easternmost section of the new Erfurt Leipzig Halle line under construction gave the airport a long distance railway station which was also integrated into the ICE network when the railway line was completed in 2015 Passenger flights are operated to the major German hub airports European metropolises and holiday destinations especially in the Mediterranean region and North Africa The airport is of international importance in the cargo sector In Germany it ranks second behind Frankfurt am Main fifth in Europe and 26th worldwide as of 2011 DHL uses the airport as its central European hub It is also the home base of the freight airlines Aerologic and European Air Transport Leipzig The former military airport near Altenburg Thuringia called Leipzig Altenburg Airport about a half hour drive from Leipzig was served by Ryanair until 2010 Water Edit Boats at the Elsterflutbett In the first half of the 20th century the construction of the Elster Saale canal White Elster and Saale was started in Leipzig in order to connect to the network of waterways The outbreak of the Second World War stopped most of the work though some may have continued through the use of forced labor The Lindenauer port was almost completed but not yet connected to the Elster Saale and Karl Heine canal respectively The Leipzig rivers White Elster New Luppe Pleisse and Parthe in the city have largely artificial river beds and are supplemented by some channels These waterways are suitable only for small leisure boat traffic Through the renovation and reconstruction of existing mill races and watercourses in the south of the city and flooded disused open cast mines the city s navigable water network is being expanded A link between Karl Heine Canal and the disused Lindenauer port was opened in 2015 Still more work was scheduled to complete the Elster Saale canal Such a move would allow small boats to reach the Elbe from Leipzig The intended completion date has been postponed because of an unacceptable cost benefit ratio Tram of Leipziger Verkehrsbetriebe Tramsystem at the Georg Schumann Strasse Leipzig City Tunnel part of Leipzig s new S Bahn network Inside the S Bahn trainQuotations EditMein Leipzig lob ich mir Es ist ein klein Paris und bildet seine Leute I praise my Leipzig It is a small Paris and educates its people Frosch a university student in Goethe s Faust Part OneIch komme nach Leipzig an den Ort wo man die ganze Welt im Kleinen sehen kann I m coming to Leipzig to the place where one can see the whole world in miniature Gotthold Ephraim LessingExtra Lipsiam vivere est miserrime vivere To live outside Leipzig is to live miserably Benedikt Carpzov the YoungerDas angenehme Pleis Athen Behalt den Ruhm vor allen Auch allen zu gefallen Denn es ist wunderschon The pleasurable Pleiss Athens earns its fame above all appealing to every one too for it is mightily beauteous Johann Sigismund ScholzeTwin towns sister cities EditSee also List of twin towns and sister cities in Germany Plaque on Leipzig Street in Kyiv one of Leipzig s twin towns Leipzig is twinned with 140 Addis Ababa Ethiopia 2004 Birmingham United Kingdom 1992 Bologna Italy 1962 renewed in 1997 Brno Czech Republic 1973 renewed in 1999 Frankfurt Germany 1990 Hanover Germany 1987 Herzliya Israel 2010 Ho Chi Minh City Vietnam 2021 Houston United States 1993 Krakow Poland 1973 renewed in 1995 Kyiv Ukraine 1961 renewed in 1992 Lyon France 1981 Nanjing China 1988 Thessaloniki Greece 1984 Travnik Bosnia and Herzegovina 2003 Notable people Edit Nikolaus Krell Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz 1695 Karl Liebknecht 1911 Politicians Edit Nikolaus Krell 1551 1601 chancellor of the elector of Saxony 141 Friedrich Karl Biedermann 1812 1901 a professor politician and publisher 142 Louise Otto Peters 1819 1895 suffragette founded the German Women s Association August Bebel 1840 1913 socialist politician co founder of Germany s SDP 143 Karl Liebknecht 1871 1919 socialist co founded the Communist Party of Germany Carl Friedrich Goerdeler 1884 1945 mayor a lead conservative resistance against Hitler Paul Frolich 1884 1953 politician KPD co founder biographer of Rosa Luxemburg Walter Ulbricht 1893 1973 Communist politician GDR Chairman of the Council of State 1960 1973 Ruth Fischer 1895 1961 communist politician and journalist co founder of the CPA Annemarie Renger 1919 2008 politician President of the Bundestag 1972 to 1976Philosophers and Theologians Edit Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz 1646 1716 philosopher and scientist mathematician diplomat 144 Johann Friedrich Mayer 1650 1712 Lutheran theologian Christian Thomasius 1655 1728 a jurist and philosopher 145 Wilhelm Abraham Teller 1734 1804 a Protestant theologian with a rational approach 146 Franz Delitzsch 1813 1890 a Lutheran theologian and Hebraist 147 Christian Daniel Beck 1757 1832 a philologist historian theologian and antiquarian 148 Georg Benedikt Winer 1789 1858 a Protestant theologian known for linguistic studies of the New Testament 149 Christian Hermann Weisse 1801 1866 Protestant theologian and philosopher 150 Writing amp Arts Edit Johann Sebastian Bach Clara Schumann 1838 Riccardo Chailly 1986 Johann Albert Fabricius 1668 1736 a classical scholar and bibliographer 151 Johann Sebastian Bach 1685 1750 composer 152 Johann Gottfried Donati 1706 1782 composer Carl Philipp Emanuel Bach 1714 1788 a Classical period musician and composer 153 Johann Christian Bach 1735 1782 composer youngest son of Johann Sebastian Bach Friedrich Arnold Brockhaus 1772 1823 publisher originated the Brockhaus encyclopedia 154 Johann Gottfried Jakob Hermann 1772 1848 a classical scholar and philologist 155 Karl Wilhelm Dindorf 1802 1883 a classical scholar 156 Felix Mendelssohn 1809 1847 composer pianist organist and conductor 157 Robert Schumann 1810 1856 composer and music critic 158 Roderich Benedix 1811 1873 a dramatist and librettist 159 Theodor Bergk 1812 1881 a philologist an authority on classical Greek poetry 160 Richard Wagner 1813 1883 composer theatre director and conductor 161 Clara Schumann 1819 1896 pianist and composer 162 Carl Johann Lasch 1822 1888 painter Carl Reinecke 1824 1910 composer conductor and pianist 163 Max Beckmann 1884 1950 expressionist painter professor at art academies and schools Wilhelm Backhaus 1884 1969 pianist Karl Alfred Pabst 1884 1971 painter graphic artist and lithographer Hanns Eisler 1898 1962 composer of the national anthem of the GDR Bruno Apitz 1900 1979 writer Wolfgang Weber 1902 1985 photojournalist Hans Mayer 1907 2001 literary scholar Kurt Masur 1927 2015 conductor of the Leipzig Gewandhaus Orchestra Herbert Blomstedt born 1927 conductor of the Leipzig Gewandhaus Orchestra Werner Tubke 1929 2004 painter Hans Joachim Schulze born 1934 Bach scholar Riccardo Chailly born 1953 conductor of the Leipzig Gewandhaus Orchestra Neo Rauch born 1960 painter Till Lindemann born 1963 vocalist Simone Thomalla born 1965 actress Matthias Weischer born 1973 painter Oskar Lenz 1848 1925 explorer and travel writer Hans Meyer 1858 1929 geographer Africanist and mountaineer Martin Broszat 1926 1989 historian head of Institut fur Zeitgeschichte in Munich Ruth Pfau 1929 2017 nun physician and writer Christian Gottfried Korner 1756 1831 jurist and writer Sebastian Krumbiegel 1966 singer and musician Tobias Kunzel 1964 singer and musicianScience amp Business Edit Carl Gustav Carus 1800 Michael Ettmuller 1644 1683 a physician 164 Augustus Quirinus Rivinus 1652 1723 physician and botanist Carl Gustav Carus 1789 1869 doctor painter and natural philosopher 165 Wilhelm Hofmeister 1824 1877 a biologist and botanist 166 Paul Mendelssohn Bartholdy 1841 1880 chemist Karl Wittgenstein 1847 1913 entrepreneur Sibylle Kemmler Sack 1934 1999 chemistWar figures Edit Elfriede Rinkel 1922 2018 warden of a concentration camp during the Nazi dictatorship Karl Eberhard Schongarth 1903 1946 SS officer and war criminal executed in Hamelin Wilhelm Souchon 1864 1946 admiral in World War ISport Edit Marvin Kirchhofer born 1994 racing driver Rene Muller born 1959 footballer Kristin Otto born 1966 swimmer six time Olympic gold medalist sports journalist Rita Wilden born 1947 sprinterSee also Edit Germany portal Europe portal Geography portalBattle of Breitenfeld 1642 Hugo Schneider AG Leipzig Human Rights Award Leipzig Jewish community Leipzig University Library List of mayors of Leipzig Ubiquity Theatre Company English speaking theatre projects in LeipzigReferences Edit Wahlergebnisse 2020 Freistaat Sachsen accessed 10 July 2021 a b Population on 1 January by age groups and sex functional urban areas Eurostat Retrieved 20 September 2019 Bevolkerung des Freistaates Sachsen nach Gemeinden am 31 Dezember 2021 XLS in German Statistisches Landesamt des Freistaates Sachsen 2022 Leipzig The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language 5th ed HarperCollins Retrieved 15 April 2019 Leipzig Lexico UK English Dictionary Oxford University Press Archived from the original on 13 February 2020 Leipzig Merriam Webster Dictionary Retrieved 15 April 2019 Jones Daniel 2011 Roach Peter Setter Jane Esling John eds Leipzig Cambridge English Pronouncing Dictionary 18th ed Cambridge University Press ISBN 978 0 521 15255 6 OECD 2012 Redefining Urban a new way to measure metropolitan areas OECD p 19 ISBN 9789264174054 via wirtschaftsregion leipzig halle de index php download publikationen 37 html Germany Leipzig Metropolitan area DE008 843 619 Leipzig hat jetzt 605 407 Einwohner www radioleipzig de in German Retrieved 11 April 2021 Leipzig wachst weiter www leipzig de in German Archived from the original on 30 March 2021 Retrieved 12 April 2021 Leipzig Stadt Statistik Gebiet Bevolkerung www statistik sachsen de Shopping Tipps Leipzig Passagen Innenstadt Hauptbahnhof Informationen Infos Hinweise Beitrage Tipps Einkaufen City tourist de Retrieved 26 March 2013 a b The Frankfurt Fair idehist uu se Archived from the original on 3 April 2012 Retrieved 21 September 2019 Infrastruktur leipzig de a b c d e Power Anne and Elineen Herden May 2016 Leipzig City Story PDF LSE Housing and Communities a b FOCUS Online 11 December 2013 Deutschlands beliebteste Stadte Sicher sauber grun Diese Stadt lauft sogar Munchen den Rang ab FOCUS Online Zoo Leipzig Auf Entdeckungsreise im Zoo der Zukunft Zoo leipzig de Archived from the original on 17 May 2019 Retrieved 26 March 2013 mdr de 13 October 2015 Zoo Leipzig Zweiter Platz im europaischen Zooranking MDR DE Archived from the original on 10 December 2015 eCommerce Deutsche Bahn AG Unternehmensbereich Personenverkehr Marketing Die S Bahn Mitteldeutschland stellt sich vor www s bahn mitteldeutschland de Archived from the original on 24 February 2018 Retrieved 7 November 2016 The World According to GaWC 2020 GaWC Research Network Globalization and World Cities Retrieved 31 August 2020 a b Michael Fabricius 27 May 2015 Leipzig ist die Boom Stadt Deutschlands DIE WELT Admin Leipzig wins European City of the Year at 2019 Urbanism Awards The Academy of Urbanism Retrieved 20 September 2019 Leipzig zur European City of the Year 2019 gewahlt TAG24 in German Retrieved 20 September 2019 Hanswilhelm Haefs Das 2 Handbuch des nutzlosen Wissens ISBN 3 8311 3754 4 in German Lexicum nominum geographicorum latinorum 14 July 2012 Archived from the original on 14 July 2012 Proishozhdenie nazvanij Origin of names bibliotekar ru a b Rolf Jehke Stadtkreis Leipzig territorial de Heldenstadt Leipzig Chronik der Wende Rundfunk Berlin Brandenburg Retrieved 23 September 2016 Reinhardt Dirk 29 August 2012 Heldenstadt Blogger Die Zeit Retrieved 23 September 2016 Kann Leipzig Hypezig uberleben Can Leipzig live up to the Hypezig Die Zeit in German 1 October 2013 a b Hypezig Leipzig mutiert zur Szenemetropole Hypezig Leipzig mutates into a fashionable metropolis Handelsblatt in German 3 October 2013 a b Wiemann Mareike 5 January 2014 Mehr Geburten als Sterbefalle Leipzig boomt entgegen dem Deutschlandtrend More births than deaths Leipzig is booming against the German trend in German Mitteldeutscher Rundfunk Archived from the original on 22 December 2014 Retrieved 23 September 2016 Marcel Burkhardt 4 February 2020 Leipzig vs Berlin Naturlich ist Leipzig das bessere Berlin Leipzig vs Berlin Naturally Leipzig is the better Berlin Berliner Zeitung Pleissemuhlgraben Geschichte der Fischerei Neue ufer de Archived from the original on 2 April 2012 Retrieved 26 March 2013 Katherine Aaslestad Cities and War Modern Military Urbanism in Hamburg and Leipzig during the Napoleonic Era German History 35 3 2017 381 402 Muirhead James Fullarton 1882 Leipsic Encyclopaedia Britannica Vol XIV 9th ed pp 429 431 Muller Stahl Karoline The heady early days spinnerei de in German Archived from the original on 12 June 2019 Center German Resistance Memorial German Resistance Memorial Center Biographie www gdw berlin de Retrieved 3 May 2018 a b c d e f g h i j Willingham Robert and Crew David F Jews in Leipzig Nationality and Community in the 20th Century 2005 ProQuest Dissertations and Theses Pgs 1 148 Nazi Germany Leo Baeck Institute Yearbook XLII 1997 167 Fred Grubel and Frank Mecklenburg Leipzig Profile of a Jewish Community during the first years of Nazi Germany Leo Baeck Institute Yearbook XLII 1997 167 Holocaust Survivors and Victims Database Leipzig Jewish Community Collection www ushmm org Retrieved 30 April 2018 Leipzig Germany Encyclopedia Britannica Retrieved 30 April 2018 Diamont Adolph Chronik der Juden in Dresden pp 104 106 109 History english leipzig de Retrieved 2 May 2018 Stanton Shelby World War II Order of Battle An Encyclopedic Reference to U S Army Ground Forces from Battalion through Division 1939 1946 Revised Edition 2006 Stackpole Books p 78 139 Ausschuss der Deutschen Statisker P 136 142 In Lothar Mertens Davidstern unter Hammer und Zirkel Die Judischen Gemeinden in der SBZ DDR und ihre Behandlung durch Partei und Staat 1945 1990 Haskala 18 Hildesheim 1997 Naimark Norman M 1995 The Russians in Germany A History of the Soviet Zone of Occupation 1945 1949 Cambridge Belknap Press p 149 a b Leipzig Back to Growth but Not for Everyone TheProtoCity com 25 August 2014 Retrieved 26 October 2019 David Brebis ed Michelin guide to Germany Greenville 2006 p 324 The day I outflanked the Stasi BBC 9 October 2009 video Hypezig Leipzig mutiert zur Szenemetropole in German Handelsblatt 3 October 2013 Archived from the original on 21 September 2019 Retrieved 21 September 2019 LVZ Online Mehr Beschaftigte Uber 18 000 neue Jobs in Sachsen Leipzig boomt am meisten LVZ Leipziger Volkszeitung www lvz de Archived from the original on 9 April 2016 Burkhardt Marcel Leipzig vs Berlin Naturlich ist Leipzig das bessere Berlin Berliner Zeitung LVZ Online Wachstum Prognose zur Bevolkerung Warum Leipzig fruher als gedacht 600 000 Einwohner haben wird LVZ Leipziger Volkszeitung www lvz de Archived from the original on 22 May 2020 Retrieved 4 September 2016 City Tunnel eroffnet Leipzig rast durch die Rohre BILD de Haase Dagmar Rosenberg Matthias Mikutta Robert 1 December 2002 Untersuchung zum Landschaftswandel im Sudraum Leipzig Standort in German 26 4 159 165 doi 10 1007 s00548 002 0103 3 ISSN 0174 3635 S2CID 68472430 Bevolkerungsbestand Stadt Leipzig accessed 12 October 2021 Gesamtflache Stadt Leipzig accessed 12 October 2021 Hauptsatzung der Stadt Leipzig 26 February 2021 Climatological maps of Germany DWD Deutscher Wetterdienst Deutscher Wetterdienst German Weather Service Retrieved 25 February 2019 Klima Leipzig Deutschland in German Archived from the original on 22 March 2019 Retrieved 21 September 2019 de Einwohnerentwicklung von Leipzig Von 1945 bis 1989 Leipzig wachst Einwohner Entwicklung ubertrifft selbst optimistischste Prognosen leipzig de in German 2 March 2015 Archived from the original on 28 June 2018 Uberschuss der Zu bzw Fortzuge im Freistaat Sachsen 1990 bis 2018 nach Kreisfreien Stadten und Landkreisen PDF statistik sachsen de in German Archived PDF from the original on 8 March 2016 Retrieved 20 September 2019 Geburten je Frau im Freistaat Sachsen 1990 2011 PDF Archived from the original PDF on 9 December 2017 Retrieved 26 March 2013 Uberschuss der Lebendgeborenen bzw Gestorbenen im Freistaat Sachsen 1990 bis 2018 nach Kreisfreien Stadten und Landkreisen PDF statistik sachsen de in German Archived PDF from the original on 20 September 2019 Retrieved 20 September 2019 Leipzig Informationssystem Statistik leipzig de 18 May 2012 Retrieved 26 March 2013 Leipzig statistik arbeitsagentur de arbeitsagentur de LVZ Online Arbeitsmarkt Sommerflaute vorbei Arbeitslosenquote in Leipzig erreicht Tiefststand LVZ Leipziger Volkszeitung www lvz de Zensus 2011 Bevolkerung Bundesrepublik Deutschland am 9 Mai 2011 PDF destatis de in German Archived from the original PDF on 15 November 2013 Retrieved 20 September 2019 Stadt Leipzig Leipzig Informationssystem gt Kleinraumige Daten gt Bevolkerungsbestand gt Einwohner mit Migrationshintergund leipzig de Statistisches Jahrbuch Aktuelle Jahrbuch Ausgabe Stadt Leipzig Retrieved 15 November 2017 a b Warum Leipzig der beste Ort fur kreative Experimente ist 13 August 2019 From leipzig to hypezig Germany s new creative capital 6 February 2016 de Liste der Plattenbausiedlungen in Sachsen Leipzig de Plattenbauten in Leipzig Leipzig Grunau leipzig de Neue Leipziger Schule German Wikipedia entry Lubow Arthur 8 January 2006 The New Leipzig School The New York Times Retrieved 5 April 2010 a b The 31 Places to Go in 2010 The New York Times 10 January 2010 Leipziger Baumwollspinnerei From Cotton to Culture Retrieved 21 September 2019 Museen at Grassi in German grassimuseum de Archived from the original on 10 May 2015 Institut fur Klassische Archaologie und Antikenmuseum in German G2 Kunsthalle www bmw art guide com Retrieved 16 March 2016 G2 Leipzig g2 leipzig de Retrieved 16 March 2016 Leipzig Archived 9 April 2013 at the Wayback Machine Welcome to our University of Music amp Theatre Archived from the original on 19 January 2010 Retrieved 2 December 2010 Schulkonzerte musikschule leipzig de Archived from the original on 16 July 2009 Pop Up official website Moritzbastei homepage Tonelli s homepage in German Retrieved 2 December 2010 AMI Auto Mobil International Leipziger Messe Retrieved 2 December 2010 AMITEC Fachmesse fur Fahrzeugteile Werkstatt und Service Leipziger Messe Retrieved 2 December 2010 Jazzclug leipzig de homepage Ladyfest Leipzigerinnen homepage Oper Unplugger Musik Tanz Theater in German Retrieved 2 December 2010 Leipzig Pop Up independent music trade fair and festival Retrieved 2 December 2010 Das Leipziger Sportangebot aktuell in German leipzig de Archived from the original on 28 February 2008 Retrieved 2 December 2010 Ruf Christoph 19 June 2009 Buying Its Way to the Bundesliga Red Bull Wants to Caffeinate Small football Club Spiegel Online International Retrieved 2 December 2010 Fritz Rudolph Was einst mit dem Krummstab begann Zur Geschichte des Eishockeysports in der Region Leipzig sportmuseum leipzig de Archived from the original on 15 January 2010 Retrieved 2 December 2010 Football Comeback des Jahres Hamburg Sea Devils und Frankfurt Galaxy starten in der ELF ran de in German 9 March 2021 Retrieved 9 March 2021 Neues Hamburger Footballteam spielt im Stadion Hoheluft in German Hamburger Abendblatt 17 February 2021 Retrieved 17 February 2021 Rugby Club Leipzig e V leipzig rugby de Tillack Graf Anne Kathleen 2019 Institute of Communication and Media Studies University of Leipzig The SAGE International Encyclopedia of Mass Media and Society SAGE Publications Leipzig University homepage Archived from the original on 12 September 2008 Retrieved 22 August 2006 Archived from the original on 21 March 2015 LVZ Online Management Master Leipziger HHL Absolventen erhalten weltweit zweithochstes Einstiegsgehalt LVZ Leipziger Volkszeitung www lvz de Archived from the original on 22 May 2020 Retrieved 6 June 2017 Masters in Management 2017 The Economist Lutherisches Theologisches Seminar Archived from the original on 11 February 2016 Retrieved 7 February 2016 Lutherisches Theologisches Seminar Leipzig Evangelical Lutheran Free Church Germany Archived from the original on 7 February 2016 Stephan Gasteyger Discover Leipzig Berlin Things to Do Archived from the original on 14 December 2014 Promenaden Hauptbahnhof Leipzig Archived from the original on 6 April 2008 Tourismusboom in Leipzig erstmals drei Millionen Ubernachtungen Leipziger Volkszeitung 22 February 2018 Retrieved 13 December 2018 Date 1 September 2010 1 September 2010 Innovation Cities Global Index 2010 Innovation Cities Program amp Index Creating Innovative Cities USA Canada Europe Latin America Asia Australia Innovation cities com Retrieved 26 March 2013 Berliner Zeitung 4 February 2020 Lebensqualitat in der Hauptstadt Berlin erobert Platz 2 im Stadteranking Berliner Zeitung foodsharing Lebensmittel teilen statt wegwerfen foodsharing Deutschland foodsharing de in German Retrieved 27 September 2020 Solawis Netzwerk Solidarische Landwirtschaft www solidarische landwirtschaft org Retrieved 27 September 2020 Was ist ein Umsonstladen umsonstladen leipzigs jimdo page in German Retrieved 27 September 2020 Radsfatz www radsfatz org Retrieved 27 September 2020 dezentrale Hackspace Leipzig in German Retrieved 27 September 2020 Cafe Kaputt Leipzig Offene Reparatur Werkstatt in German Retrieved 27 September 2020 de Einkommende Zeitungen ABOUT US The Leipzig Glocal leipglo com Retrieved 8 February 2017 Leipzig ein Paradies fur kreative Blogs in German Mephisto 97 6 Archived from the original on 3 May 2016 Retrieved 8 February 2017 Homepage of the City of Leipzig Buchstadt Archived from the original on 23 May 2013 German National Library Deutschlands beliebteste Stadte Leipzig im Ranking ganz vorne N24 de N24 de 9 December 2013 Heidenfelder Eva 17 August 2016 Beliebte Studentenstadte Wo es sich am besten leben lernen und feiern lasst Faz net in German FAZ Trumper Erik 30 January 2017 Platz 1 bei bundesweiter Innenstadtumfrage 5 Grunde warum Leipzigs City die beste ist in German BILD Retrieved 24 March 2020 Bundesweite Stadte Umfrage Leipzig Erfurt und Quedlinburg am attraktivsten in German MDR 31 January 2017 Archived from the original on 3 February 2017 Retrieved 31 January 2017 Stadteranking Leipzig landet auf Platz zwei LVZ Leipziger Volkszeitung Archived from the original on 25 October 2020 Retrieved 15 September 2017 Leipzig behauptet 2 Platz im Stadteranking fur Zukunftsfahigkeit leipzig de in German 8 November 2019 Archived from the original on 7 May 2020 Retrieved 24 March 2020 2017 Stressful Cities Ranking Zipjet www zipjet co uk Archived from the original on 3 August 2019 Retrieved 20 September 2019 Admin Leipzig wins European City of the Year at 2019 Urbanism Awards The Academy of Urbanism Retrieved 20 September 2019 Zukunftsatlas Leipzig ist dynamischste Region Deutschlands LVZ Leipziger Volkszeitung in German Retrieved 20 September 2019 Zukunftsatlas 2019 Das sind die deutschen Regionen mit den besten Zukunftsaussichten www handelsblatt com in German Retrieved 20 September 2019 52 Places to Go in 2020 The New York Times 8 January 2020 Retrieved 24 March 2020 Otterbach Niklas 20 February 2020 Hauptbahnhof Leipzig ist Deutschlands bester Bahnhof in German MDR Retrieved 24 March 2020 Leipzigs Partnerstadte leipzig de in German Leipzig Retrieved 18 February 2021 Crell Nicholas Encyclopaedia Britannica Vol 7 11th ed 1911 pp 402 403 Biedermann Friedrich Karl Encyclopaedia Britannica Vol 3 11th ed 1911 p 920 Headlam James Wycliffe 1911 Bebel Ferdinand August Encyclopaedia Britannica Vol 3 11th ed p 601 Sorley William Ritchie Sorley 1911 Leibnitz Gottfried Wilhelm Encyclopaedia Britannica Vol 16 11th ed pp 385 390 Thomasius Christian Encyclopaedia Britannica Vol 26 11th ed 1911 p 868 Teller Wilhelm Abraham Encyclopaedia Britannica Vol 26 11th ed 1911 p 576 Delitzsch Franz Encyclopaedia Britannica Vol 7 11th ed 1911 p 964 Beck Christian Daniel Encyclopaedia Britannica Vol 3 11th ed 1911 pp 607 608 Winer Georg Benedikt Encyclopaedia Britannica Vol 28 11th ed 1911 p 729 Weisse Christian Hermann Encyclopaedia Britannica Vol 28 11th ed 1911 p 499 Fabricius Johann Albert Encyclopaedia Britannica Vol 10 11th ed 1911 p 119 Tovey Donald Francis 1911 Bach Johann Sebastian Encyclopaedia Britannica Vol 3 11th ed pp 124 130 Hadow William Henry 1911 Bach Karl Philipp Emanuel Encyclopaedia Britannica Vol 3 11th ed pp 130 131 Brockhaus Friedrich Arnold Encyclopaedia Britannica Vol 4 11th ed 1911 p 624 Hermann Johann Gottfried Jakob Encyclopaedia Britannica Vol 13 11th ed 1911 p 367 Dindorf Karl Wilhelm Encyclopaedia Britannica Vol 8 11th ed 1911 p 275 Rockstro William Smyth Tovey Donald Francis 1911 Mendelssohn Bartholdy Jakob Ludwig Felix Encyclopaedia Britannica Vol 18 11th ed p 123 Schumann Robert Alexander Encyclopaedia Britannica Vol 24 11th ed 1911 pp 383 385 Benedix Julius Roderich Encyclopaedia Britannica Vol 3 11th ed 1911 p 725 Bergk Theodor Encyclopaedia Britannica Vol 3 11th ed 1911 pp 773 774 Rockstro William Smyth Tovey Donald Francis 1911 Wagner Wilhelm Richard Encyclopaedia Britannica Vol 28 11th ed pp 236 243 Schumann Robert Alexander Encyclopaedia Britannica Vol 24 11th ed 1911 pp 383 385 see page 385 Clara Schumann 1819 1896 had a brilliant career as a pianist Reinecke Carl Heinrich Carsten Encyclopaedia Britannica Vol 23 11th ed 1911 p 55 Ettmuller Michael Encyclopaedia Britannica Vol 9 11th ed 1911 p 863 Carus Karl Gustav Encyclopaedia Britannica Vol 5 11th ed 1911 p 436 Bower Frederick Orpen 1911 Hofmeister Wilhelm Friedrich Benedict Encyclopaedia Britannica Vol 13 11th ed pp 564 565 Further reading EditSee also Bibliography of the history of Leipzig Leipzig One Thousand Years of German History Bach Luther Faust The City of Books and Music Archived 3 August 2020 at the Wayback Machine By Sebastian Ringel Berlinica 2015External links Edit Wikimedia Commons has media related to Leipzig Wikisource has original text related to this article Leipzig Wikisource has the text of the 1911 Encyclopaedia Britannica article Leipzig Wikivoyage has a travel guide for Leipzig The city s official website Leipzig at Curlie Leipzig as virtual city 408 Points of Interest English Archived 8 July 2012 at the Wayback Machine The Leipzig Glocal English language webzine and blog publishing regularly Ubiquity Theatre Company Archived 2 March 2021 at the Wayback Machine English language theatre projects in Leipzig Leipzig Zeitgeist an English magazine about Leipzig This is Leipzig an English web site for Leipzig LostInLeipzig Get lost in Germany s best city Events in Leipzig Music festivals in Leipzig Leipsic The American Cyclopaedia 1879 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Leipzig amp oldid 1131551223, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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